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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOSFACULTAD DE INGENIERIA GEOLOGICA, MINERA,

METALURGICA Y GEOGRAFICA

ALUMNO: STYVEN ALBERTO BLANCO

PROFESOR: GODELIA CANCHARI SILVERIO

CURSO: LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUIMICA

TURNO: VIERNES

HORARIO: 1-3 pm

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INDICE

OBJETIVO…………………………………………………………… 3

INTRODUCCI!N……………………………………… ………… 3

RESE"AHIST!RICA…………………………………………… 3

FUNDAMENTOS TEORICOS……………………… ………… #

MAQUINARIA Y MATERIALES VISTOS ENCLASE… $PROCESOE%PERIMENTAL…………………………… &

RESULTADOS……………………………………………………… &

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OBJETIVOD()(*m+ .+/ 0( ( ) p2 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 0(5 / +04 +/ +.4 6N OH6 77 ( 85D()(*m+ .+/ 0( ( ) p2 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 0(H'SO# ( 85D()(*m+ .+/ 0( ( ) p2 0( (5)* +9 .+/( )*( 5 .+04 ;5(*)( 6H'SO# 6 <77 = 5 > (;5(*)( 6N OH 6 <77

INTRODUCCION

T404 4 p*4.( 4 <5( )+( ( 58 * ( )5* (9(?4 5.+4 @ .+ ( ) 04 0( (<5+ +>*+4 S+**4 m4 5 p( 4) ( ( +*(, . (* 5( 4 =

0( p5 0( 5 4 >4)( p(*m (.(* + m/?+ ( 5( ) 04 0( (<5+ +>*+4 L p+ <5( 5m+ + )*( (*82 ( .)*+. 4 @ .( m+( )* ( ( .5( )*( 0( (<5+ +>*+4 )(*m40+ m+.4 = .5 04 . 9( (<5+ +>*+4, 0( 0( ;5 .+4 * E 4 >*+ *m+( )* ( + ) .4m>5 )+> ( 5. ( * ( 5 + )(*+4*C5 04 4 .4 5m , . 9 * ( (<5+ +>*+4, (

p 8 * = 0( * 0( p*4p4*.+4 * 4 ( (*82A +85 <5( p( 4) . ( = ( .5( )* 5 ( ) 04 0((<5+ +>*+4 ( p4 +.+/ m > 0( 5( 4, 0( m+ m m (* 4 + )(m (?4 5.+4 @ .+( ) 04 0( m2 +m ( (*82 E p*+m(* p*+ .+p+4 0( )(*m40+ m+. 0+.( <5( ( (*82 4 ( .*( + (0( )*5=(, +mp (m( )( ( )* ;4*m P(*4 + 5

+ )(m (?4 5.+4 @ .+ 5 ( ) 04 0( m2 +m( (*82 , <5 4.5**( .4 ( (*82 4>* )( ,

./m4 ( m + ( )C 4* ( 5 p >* <5( ( (mp ( .4 4<5+ m( )(

( 0+;(*( )( .4 )( )4 , + (m> *84 .5 04 (5)+ +9 4 5( ( + .4*p4* * 5 .(p.+/ .+( )2 . E

#

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. 4* ( 5 ;4*m 0( )* ;(*( .+ 0( ( (*82 <5()+( ( 58 * ( )*( + )(m <5( ( ( .5( )* 0+;(*( )( )(mp(* )5* = ( 5 m 8 +)50 <5( (

p5(0( m(0+* ; .+ m( )( E ) *m+ 4 8( (* ( , (. 4* 0(p( 0( 0( p*4.( 4 = 4 0( 4 ( ) 04 + +.+= P4* ( 4 ( 0+.( <5( ( ) m 8 +)50 4 (;5 .+/ 0( ( ) 04 P * ( )( 0(* ( ) *m .+/ , 5p4 8 m4 <5(

4 ( .4 )* m4 ( p ) > 0( 5 (0+ .+4N4 ( .4 )* m4 5 )5* 5 *( p(.)4 5( 4

= ( )( 0 )4 ( + 0(p( 0+( )( 0( ./m4 ( @ =(8 04 ( ( ( ) 04 S+ 5>+m4 <5+ ) p ) ,4 ( .4 )* *(m4 5 )5* 0()(*m+ 0

*( p(.)4 0( 5( 4 = (?+0( )(m( )(, ( )( 0 )4 (+ 0(p( 0+( )( 0( + 4 @(m4 @(.@4 5>+( 04 p4*

( . (* 4 5 04 ( .( 4* L )5* ( 5;5 .+/ <5( 0(p( 0( 4 m( )( 0( ( ) 04 ( (<5( 4 ( .4 )* m4 = ( + 0(p( 0+( )( 0( ./m4

( @ = . 9 04, p4* ( 4 ( 0+.( <5( ( ;5 .+/0( ( ) 04Im 8+ m4 4 0( 5(?4 ( p ) > A@4*p )( m4 04 ;4*m 0( 5>+* @ ) <5+ ) , p4*

( . (* = ( .( 4* C5 (* ( +?( 0(. .+4 5 ?(9 **+> D(p( 0( 0( . m+ 4E?+0( )(m( )( ( ) *(m4 m . 04 + 5>+m4p4* ( . (* <5( + 4 @ .(m4 p4* .( 4* E0(.+*, p40(m4 ?(* 4 ( <5+ ) p ) .4

+?( ( 0( . .+4 0+;(*( )( P4* 4 ) )4 + +. + ;4*m .+/ 0( <5( 0+ p4 (m4 ( <5( 4

+)5 m4 ( 5 p ) 5 4)* , ( +mp4 +> ( <5(p40 m4 +8 * 5 +?( 0( . .+4 5 4)*4C4m4 ( . .+4 0(p( 0( 0( . m+ 4, ( 0+.( <5(

4 ( ;5 .+/ 0( ( ) 04

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E . 4*, +85 <5( ( +?( 0( . .+4, 4 (5 ;5 .+/ 0( ( ) 04, ( 0(.+*, 0(p( 0( 0(. m+ 4 *(.4**+04 S+ (m> *84, ( + )( .4 0+.+4 (

0()(*m+ 0 ( <5( ( ) m 8 +)50 .4+ .+0( .4 ? *+ .+/ 0( 5 p*4p+(0 0 <5( 2 ( ;5 .+/ 0(( ) 04: ( ) p2 6H7E ( )( ( )+04 p40(m4 *m * <5( .5 04 5

p*4.( 4 )+( ( 58 * ( .4 0+.+4 ( 0( p*( +/.4 ) )(, ( (*82 )* ;(*+0 ( ;4*m 0( . 4*6<p 7 4 *84 0( p*4.( 4 .4+ .+0( .4 ? *+ .+/

0( ( ) p2 , ( )4 ( :

RESEÑA HISTORICAE @+ )4*+ 0( )(*m40+ m+. ( @ 5)+ +9 040+ )+ )4 ) *m+ 4 p * 0( 4) * 4 <5( @4=.4 4.(m4 .4m4 ( ) p2 O*+8+ m( )( ( p( /<5( ( ) p >* ;5( .*( 0 p4* m+ ( C p(=*4 =R504 ; C 5 +5 )* ? 0( p5> +. .+/ 0( *( .+/ 0( C 5 +5 -C p(=*4 ( T@( M4 +(* S)( m

T > ( 0 D+ 8* m 0( 1 ' , p(*4 ( p*+m(*4 <5(0( +/ = 5)+ +9/ ( ) *m+ 4 ( ) p2 ;5( ( @4 0H(+K( m(* + 8@ O ( , p*+ .+p+4 0( +8 4 %% 1

E p >* m .4 .*() , ( 5 ;5 .+/ 0(( ) 04 0( )(*m40+ m+. 04 0( ? *+ .+/p(*m+)( ( p*( * . )+0 0 0( . 4* p5( )4 (

5(84 05* )( 5 )* ;4*m .+/ + 4> *+. , ( 0(.+*, p*( +/ .4 ) )( ( 5 + )(m )(*m40+ m+.4,

)( +( 04 ( .5( ) <5( )404 4> ()4 .4 4.+04 (p5(0( ( )( 0(* .4m4 5 + )(m )(*m40+ m+.4

S( )* ) 0( 5 )* ;4*m .+/ ( ( .5* 4 0( .5 ( p5(0( *(.+>+* 4 p4*) * ( (*82 6p4* ( (mp 4&

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5)+ +9 0 p * 5 )* > 4 m(. +.47 E ( )(( )+04 ( ) p2 ( 5m *+. m( )( +85 . 4*

+ )(*. m>+ 04 .4 ( m>+( )( ( )(*+4* + )(m

( .5( )+/D( )*4 0( S+ )(m I )(* .+4 0( U +0 0( , ( ) p2 ( m+0( @ >+)5 m( )( ( 45 ( <5(, (p*+ .+p+4, ( + )*405 4 .4m4 5 +0 0 0( )* > 4E . 4 m )2p+.4 0( ( ) p2 ( m 0 ( ) p2)(*m40+ m+. D( ) . >( 0+ )+ 85+* ;5 .+/ 0(G+>> , <5( ( .4**( p4 0( .4 ( ) p2 +>*(,

m+( )* <5( ( ) p2 m4 * ( <5( <5(*(p*( ( ) 5 m4 0( 5 ) .+ .4 )+)5=( )( 0(+ )(m

FUNDAMENTOS TEORICOSENTALPIA:

L E ) p2 ( . )+0 0 0( ( (*82 0(5 + )(m )(*m40+ m+.4 <5( )( p5(0(+ )(*. m>+ * .4 5 ( )4* 4 P4* ( (mp 4, ( 5*( ..+/ <52m+. p*( +/ .4 ) )(, ( . m>+4 0(( ) p2 0( + )(m ( ( . 4* > 4*>+04 40( p*( 0+04 ( *( ..+/ E 5 . m>+4 0( ; (,p4* ( (mp 4 0( 2<5+04 8 , ( . m>+4 0( ( ) p2

0( + )(m ( ( . 4* )( )(, ( ( )( . 4 ( 0(? p4*+9 .+/ E 5 +mp ( . m>+4 0( )(mp(* )5* ,( . m>+4 0( ( ) p2 p4* . 0 8* 04 0( ? *+ .+/.4**( p4 0( . p .+0 0 . 4*2 . 0( + )(m p*( +/ .4 ) )( E ) *m+ 4 0( ( ) p2 ;5(

.5 04 p4* ( ;2 +.4 (m R504 ; J E C 5 +5 (1 $ M )(m )+. m( )(, ( ) p2 H ( +85 U

pV, 04 0( U ( ( (*82 + )(* , p ( p*( +/

= V ( ( ?4 5m( H ( m+0( ( 5 +4 H U pV

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C5 04 5 + )(m p 0( 0( 5 .4 0+.+4 (+ +.+ ( @ ) 4)* ( , ( m+0( ( . m>+4 0(( ) p2 6 H7 H H; H+L ( ) p2 *(.+>( 0+;(*( )( 0( 4m+ .+4 ( (8( p*4.( 4 , 2:E ) p2 0( *( ..+/ , ( ) p2 0( ;4*m .+/ , ( ) p20( .4m>5 )+/ , ( ) p2 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ , ( ) p2 0(( .(, (). +( 04 m +mp4*) )( :

ENTALPIA DE REACCIÓN:E ( . 4* > 4*>+04 4 0( p*( 0+04 05* )( 5*( ..+/ <52m+. , p*( +/ .4 ) )(

ENTALPÍA DE FORMACIÓN:E ( . 4* (.( *+4 p * ;4*m * 5 m4 0( 5

5 ) .+ , p*( +/ .4 ) )( = p *)+* 0( 4( (m( )4 <5( .4 )+)5=(E (mp 4:H' 687 O' 687 H'O & 3 .C5 04 ( ;4*m 5 m4 0( 85 61 87 p *)+*0( @+0*/8( 4 = 4 28( 4 ( p*405.( & 3 . , 4

<5( ( 0( 4m+ ( ) p2 0( ;4*m .+/ 0( 85 ENTALPÍA DE COMBUSTIÓN:

E ( . 4* +>(* 04, p*( +/ .4 ) )(, .5 04 (<5(m 5 m4 0( 5 ) .+E (mp 4:CH# 687 'O' 687 'CO' 687 'H'O 6 7 H -'1' .

L4 <5( +8 + . <5( .5 04 ( <5(m 1& 80( m() 4 ( 0( p*( 0( '1' .E ) ( ) p2 ( 0()(*m+ 4*m m( )( '$ C= 1 )m P * 0()(*m+ * ( ) p2 ( ) 0 * 0(;4*m .+/ 0( 5 ) .+ , ( 0(>( )( (* (.5( ) +85+( )( .4 +0(* .+4 ( :1 L ( ) p2 ( ) 0 * 0( ;4*m .+/ 0( 4( (m( )4 p5*4 , +>*( = ) .4m4 ( ( .5( )* (

5 ( ) 04 )5* ( .(*4P4* ( (mp 4:

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H' 687, O' 687, N' 687, C ' 687, N 6 7, ()., )+( (H;'$ , 04 0( H;'$ ( ( ) p2 ( ) 0 *

0( ;4*m .+/' E 95;*( ( p*( ( ) ( 04 ( ) 04 4)*/p+.4 ,( */m>+.4 = ( m4 4.2. +.4 5 ( ) p2 ( ) 0 * (0(;+ ( p * ( */m>+.4 4 ( H;'$ 0( */m>+.4 (+85 .(*4

ENTALPÍA ESTÁNDAR 0( 5 (.5 .+/8( (* :

S( . .5 *( ) 04 ( ) p2 ( ) 0 *( 0(;4*m .+/ 0( 4 *( .)+?4 0( ( ) p2( ) 0 *( 0( ;4*m .+/ 0( 4 p*405.)4 , .4m4 (+ 5 )* ( +85+( )( (.5 .+/ :

MATERIALES VISTOS EN CLASEV 4 0( )(. 4p4*

W

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T(*m/m()*4

V 4 p=*(

R( .)+?4H+0*/ +04 0( 40+4 ( ( )( V 4 0(p*(.+p+) 04 0( '$ mL 6. 4*2m()*47D+ 4 5.+/ 0( H' SO# & M 61 m 7 V 4 0(p*(.+p+) 04 5 + + *

1

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D+ 4 5.+/ 0( N OH ,$ M 61 m 7 P*4>()0( 1 = ' mLV+0*+4 0( *( 4 , ( p )5 , ? *+ 0( ?+0*+4

T(*m/m()*4

PROCESO EXPERIMENTALa.Medida de a e!"a #$a de di%& '(i)! de

NaOH *%+ e! a,'a

1 S( p( ( ? 4 0( p*(.+p+) 04 +mp+4 = (.4

S( ?+(*)( ( $ mL 0( 85 m(0+04 .4 4 S( m(0+* 65 ?(9 ( ) >+ +9 0 7 = 4) * )(mp(* )5* + +.+

m6? 47 W& & 8 T+ '# 4 C

' P( * ' 8 0( N OH ( 5 ?+0*+4 0( *( 4 =?(*)(* 4 ( ( ? 4 0( p*(.+p+) 04 , 8+) 046 + p+. *7 .4 ? *+ @ ) 0+ 4 ?(*

.4mp () m( )(, )( +( 04 ( ? 4 p4= 04 ( m( = 5 () 04 4 p4* ( >4*0( 5p(*+4* .4 m 4 I )*405.+* ( )(*m/m()*4 ( 0+ 4 5.+/= 4) * )(mp(* )5* m ) . 9 0m6N OH7 18 T; ' 4 C

3 R( +9 * 4 . .5 4 : m 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 6 85 N OH7 $18 T T ; - T+ # 4C

• < > 4*>+04 p4* 0+ 4 5.+/ <1 C(6 85 7Xm60+ 4 5.+/ 7X T

•

< > 4*>+04 p4* ( ? 4 <' C(6? 47Xm6? 47X T11

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p * ( )4 5 m4 ( . 4* ( p(.+ .4 0( ?+0*+4p+*( &J 84C

• < )4) > 4*>+04 <1 < ' 11W1 ' & J• m(*4 0( m4 ( 0( N OH , '$ m4

E ) p2 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ p4* m4 0( N OH 0+ 5( )46.4 ( +8 4 0(.5 047

H # &$ J m4

# C .5 * ( ? 4* )(/*+.4 0( H )( +( 04 (.5( ) <5( ( ) p2 m4 *( ( ) 0 * 0(;4*m .+/ 6 '$ ZC7 4 : N OH6 7 #'& , N 6 <7 '3W, = OH 6 <7 '3 KJ m4R( p(.)+? m( )( = .4mp * * .4 ( ? 4*4>)( +04 ( p(*+m( ) m( )(D( m (* <5( :

#3 J m4

N5( )*4 (**4* ( p(*+m( ) ( ( . .5 4 (*+ :#, &$ K m4 ( .( 47

-. Medida de a e!"a #$a de di%& '(i)! deH SO / e! a,'a.

• S( p*(p */ $ mL 0( .+04 5 ; *+.4 &N p * 4

.5 ( . .5 / ( ?4 5m( 0( H ' SO# [\ W&[ (.( *+4, ) m>+ ( . .5 / (?4 5m( 0( 85 (.( *+4

D )4 :VS4 5.+4 $ mL W&[

1'

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P4* 4 ) )4, ( ?4 5m( (.( *+4 0( H' SO# (* :$ -3 & #& # m

• S( ( ( (85 04 . 4*2m()*4 .4 3 & m 0(85 0( )+ 0 ( ( . 4*2m()*4 *( +9 04 (

5 p*+m(* m(0+0 0( )(mp(* )5* 0( 85 T+ +.+, p4 )(*+4*m( )( ( ( 8*(8 #&,# m 0(

.+04 )( +( 04 p*(. 5.+/ 0( 4 )( (* + 8.4 ) .)4 .4 ( .+04 ) m( )( .4 .( )* 04 =

( .+(** ( . 4*2m()*4 .4 )( +( 04 ()(*m/m()*4, 5(84 ( 8+)4 5 p4.4 = .4.5+0 04 ( . 4*2m()*4 S( 4> (*?/.4 )+ 5 m( )( ( )(*m/m()*4 = ( p504

p*(.+ * 5 9 0( )(mp(* )5* <5( (84

@ ) T T + +.+ '# C T '& C

3 R( +9 * 4 . .5 4 : m 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 6 85 H' SO#7 W 8

T T ; - T+ ' 4C• < > 4*>+04 p4* 0+ 4 5.+/ <1

C(6 85 7Xm60+ 4 5.+/ 7X T

• < > 4*>+04 p4* ( ? 4 <' C(6? 47Xm6? 47X Tp * ( )4 5 m4 ( . 4* ( p(.+ .4 0( ?+0*+4p+*( &J 84C

13

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• < )4) > 4*>+04 <1 < ' W'1 &#3 J• m(*4 0( m4 ( 0( H ' SO# , # m4

E ) p2 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ p4* m4 0( N OH 0+ 5( )46.4 ( +8 4 0(.5 047

H 1 #$ J m4

(. Medida de a e!"a #$a de !e'"0a i1a(i)!de NaOH *a2+ 3 H SO / *a2+

1 S( p( ( ? 4 0( p*(.+p+) 04 +mp+4 = (.4S( ?+(*)( ( $ mL 0( N OH ,$ M m(0+04.4 p*4>() S( 4) * )(mp(* )5*+ +.+m6? 47 W& &8 T+ '#4C

' M(0+* .4 5 p*4>() +mp+ = (. $ mL 0( H' SO# 6 <7 & N, p*4.5* 04 <5( 5)(mp(* )5* ( m+ m <5( 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 0( N OH 6 4 . ( ) * p*4>() .4

m 473 V(*)(* ( .4 )( +04 0( p*4>() 4>*( ( N OH

6 .+04 4>*( > (7 0( ? 4 0( p*(.+p+) 04R(m4?(* .4 ? *+ @ ) m(9. *, )( +( 04( ? 4 p4= 04 ( m( = 5 () 04 4 p4* (>4*0( 5p(*+4* .4 m 4 A 4) * )(mp(* )5* m +m <5( ( . 9 T; '&

4C

1#

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# R( +9 * 4 . .5 4 : m 0( 0+ 4 5.+/ 6m0+ 4 5.+/ N OH m 0+ 4 5.+/ H' SO#7 $18 W 8

1#18 T ' 4C< > 4*>+04 p4* 0+ 4 5.+/ <1 C(6 85 7Xm60+ 4 5.+/ 7X T< > 4*>+04 p4* ( ? 4 <'

C(6? 47Xm6? 47X T< )4) > 4*>+04 <1 < '

m(*4 0( m4 ( 0( N OH 1 # '$m4( ) p2 0( (5)* +9 .+/ p4* m4 0( N OH

6 +8 4 0(.5 047 H$ C4mp*4> *, +mp + . 04, <5( ( )

(5)* +9 .+/ .4**( p4 0( p*4.( 4 ()4 0(;4*m .+/ 0( 85 2<5+0 p *)+* 0( 5 +4 (( 0+ 4 5.+/ .54 S >(m4 <5( ( *( 5 ) 04

()4 *( 0( (5)* +9 .+/ 0( 0+ 4 5.+4 (0+ 5+0 0( .+04 = > ( ;5(*)( (

p*405..+/ 0( 85 p *)+* 0( +4 ( @+0*/8( 44 +4 ( @+0*4 + 4 6 4 @+0*/ +047 E ? 4* m(0+4.(p) 04 0( . 4* 0( (5)* +9 .+/ ( 0(

133& . p4* . 0 m4 0( 85 ;4*m 04 J5 )40( p5 0( (5)* +9 .+/ , 4 5.+/*( ) )( .4 )+( ( 4 m( )( +4 ( = L*( ..+/ .4**( p4 0+( )( (.5 .+/ <52m+.p5(0( (* + )(*p*() 0 .4m4 +/ +. = p40(m4

*( .*+>+* 0+.@ (.5 .+/ 0( +85+( )( m (* :

1$