1InterInternetnet

Umm Alqura Universityالتحضيرية السنة

( االلي الحاسب (1مهارات

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What is Internet?What is Internet?

Internet is a global computer network Internet is a global computer network of inter-connected networks. of inter-connected networks.

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Internet ActivitiesInternet Activities1.1. All computers connected to the internet must All computers connected to the internet must

communicate with each other using set of communicate with each other using set of rules rules ((protocolsprotocols) called ) called TCP/IP (TCP/IP (Transmission Control Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet ProtocolProtocol/ Internet Protocol))

2.2. Send and receive Send and receive eelectronic lectronic mmessagesessages ( (ee--mmailail))3.3. Transfer data files to and from computers around Transfer data files to and from computers around

the world (the world (File Transfer ProtocolFile Transfer Protocol [ [FTPFTP])])4.4. View corporate or personal documents containing View corporate or personal documents containing

graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web)graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web)5.5. Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other

online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network News Transfer Protocol)News Transfer Protocol)

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Internet AddressingInternet Addressing EachEach computer directly linked to the Internet computer directly linked to the Internet

mustmust obtain a unique address obtain a unique address soso that it can be that it can be located.located.

A computer’s A computer’s internet protocolinternet protocol ( (IPIP) ) addressaddress is a is a four-part seriesfour-part series of numbers separated by periods. of numbers separated by periods. For example For example 198.137.241.30198.137.241.30

BecauseBecause it is difficult to remember a long series it is difficult to remember a long series of numbers( i.e. of numbers( i.e. IPIP addressaddress ), a name addressing ), a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system was developed, called domain name system (system (DNSDNS), For example ), For example google.comgoogle.com

The The DNSDNS: is a world-wide system of databases : is a world-wide system of databases that that mapsmaps domain namesdomain names with theirwith their corresponding IP addresscorresponding IP address..

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How To Get Internet How To Get Internet Connection?Connection?

To obtain an Internet Connection , It is To obtain an Internet Connection , It is necessary to register with (and pay) a necessary to register with (and pay) a special Internet committee.special Internet committee.

To get internet service:To get internet service: Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider

(ISP) (ISP)

Such as : STC, Mobily…etcSuch as : STC, Mobily…etc

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Domain Names Domain Names

When an organization or company When an organization or company establishes a link to the Internetestablishes a link to the Internet either either as: as: a high-speed, dedicated pointer itself a high-speed, dedicated pointer itself or as an account through a dedicated or as an account through a dedicated

providerprovider

aa domain namedomain name must be chosenmust be chosen

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Domain NamesDomain Names

The The namename is is uniqueunique and and comprised of comprised of these partsthese parts::

HostNameHostName..subdomsubdom(s).(s).OrgOrg..DomDom

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Site TypesSite Types

The top-level specification:The top-level specification: .com.com: commercial organization.: commercial organization. .edu.edu: education.: education. .int.int: international organization.: international organization. .mil.mil: military organizations.: military organizations. .org.org: nonprofit and research : nonprofit and research

organizations.organizations. .net.net: network and service operations.: network and service operations.

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Country CodeCountry Code

Two-letter country code:Two-letter country code:

.sa: Saudi Arabia..sa: Saudi Arabia.

.jo: Jordan..jo: Jordan.

.uk: United Kingdom..uk: United Kingdom.

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What is the What is the World Wide WebWorld Wide Web??

The World Wide Web is a collection of The World Wide Web is a collection of host machineshost machines:: which deliverwhich deliver documents, graphics and multi- documents, graphics and multi-

media media toto users users viavia the Internet. the Internet. It is one of the services that runs on It is one of the services that runs on

the Internet. the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected It is a collection of interconnected

documents and other resources, linked documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLsby hyperlinks and URLs

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World Wide Web World Wide Web

Pages or files are stored on Pages or files are stored on Web ServersWeb Servers. . Users access these pages using a Users access these pages using a graphical graphical

browserbrowser like: like: Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer Netscape CommunicatorNetscape Communicator

Pages can include:Pages can include: Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich

contentcontent References to other pages on the same site or References to other pages on the same site or

other sitesother sites

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Hyper-LinksHyper-Links

A hyperlink is a clickable link to another A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or resource. It is normally document or resource. It is normally shown in shown in blue underlineblue underline. .

When a user clicks on this link When a user clicks on this link The client will retrieve the document The client will retrieve the document

associated with that link byassociated with that link by requesting the document from the designated requesting the document from the designated

server upon which it resides. server upon which it resides.

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URLsURLs

An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of specifying the a means of specifying the pathnamepathname for any resource on the Internet. for any resource on the Internet.

The URL consists of three part: The URL consists of three part: 1.1. protocol partprotocol part

2.2. host part host part

3.3. document name document name

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URLs ExampleURLs Example

http://www.just.edu.jo/cis100/http://www.just.edu.jo/cis100/windows.htmwindows.htm

specifies the specifies the protocolprotocol asas httphttp, ,

the the host or WWW serverhost or WWW server asas just.edu.jojust.edu.jo

and the and the documentdocument asas //cis100/windows.htmcis100/windows.htm

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Search EnginesSearch EnginesBecauseBecause there is so much information there is so much information

available on the Internet today available on the Internet today soso::it is important to be able to access it is important to be able to access

information information quickly. quickly. Several sites have specialized in Several sites have specialized in

searchingsearchingSearch EnginesSearch Engines ExamplesExamples::

www.yahoo.comwww.yahoo.comwww.google.com www.google.com www.excite.comwww.excite.comwww.Altavisat.comwww.Altavisat.com

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HTMLHTML

HTMLHTML: : Hyper Text Markup LanguageHyper Text Markup Language.. Used toUsed to create (design) Web pages which create (design) Web pages which

may includemay include:: Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to

other pagesother pages

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Web BrowserWeb Browser A A WWW browserWWW browser is an application is an application run on run on

a user’s computera user’s computer which allows him to view the pages made which allows him to view the pages made

available by a available by a WWW serverWWW server The browser interprets each HTML page The browser interprets each HTML page

and displays the information in a window. and displays the information in a window. Each Each WWW serverWWW server has a has a host namehost name, and , and

each page has a location address where it each page has a location address where it resides on the server. resides on the server.

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Example

http://www.just.edu.jo/index.htm

The site-name is www.just.edu.jo which denotes the server address for the WWW

server at JUST The page, which is shown as JUST’s home page

is called index.htm

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EElectronic lectronic MMail (ail (eemailmail))

Electronic mail, or email, is: Electronic mail, or email, is: a simple tool for exchanging messages a simple tool for exchanging messages

between individuals or among larger between individuals or among larger audience.audience.

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Electronic Mail Electronic Mail

Email messages travel very quickly and Email messages travel very quickly and inexpensivelyinexpensively

The delivery of messages from one part of The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutesa country to another may take minutes

Once a message has been received, it can Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deletedanother user, or deleted

Email is becoming one of the most widely Email is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet:used services on the Internet:

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Email CharacteristicsEmail CharacteristicsEmail is becoming one of the most Email is becoming one of the most

widely used services on the widely used services on the

Internet Internet ::1. Fast1. Fast

2. Can save messages for future 2. Can save messages for future reference.reference.

3. Free of charge.3. Free of charge.

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How to get email account How to get email account ??

How to get just email?How to get just email? From the From the University University (Engineering Building, C3- (Engineering Building, C3-

level 1 ?)level 1 ?)

Get a free web-based email account Get a free web-based email account through yahoo or Hotmailthrough yahoo or Hotmail

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Email AddressEmail Address

An email address has two parts:An email address has two parts:

1. Username1. Username

2. Domain Name2. Domain Name

Email Address Example: Email Address Example:

ahmad@just.edu.joahmad@just.edu.jo

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Email Message’s PartsEmail Message’s Parts

An email message must have at least An email message must have at least two parts:two parts:

1. Header1. Header

2. Body2. Body

3. 3. Message Signature (optional)Message Signature (optional)

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Email Message’s PartsEmail Message’s Parts

1.1. The The Message HeaderMessage Header contains contains information about the message: sender, information about the message: sender, receiver, date and subjectreceiver, date and subject

CCCC : : CCarbonarbon C Copyopy BCCBCC: : BBlind lind CCarbon arbon CCopyopy

2.2. The The Message bodyMessage body contains the actual contains the actual message being sentmessage being sent

3.3. Message Signature (optional) (see next Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)slide)

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Message SignatureMessage Signature

Sometimes, an email message contains a Sometimes, an email message contains a third part, called third part, called the signaturethe signature

It is optional, and usually identifies or It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the provides information about the message’s sendermessage’s sender

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ReviewReview CCCC : : CCarbonarbon C Copyopy BCCBCC: : BBlind lind CCarbon arbon CCopyopy ProtocolsProtocols: set of rules : set of rules TCP/IP :TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet

ProtocolProtocol)) FFile ile TTransfer ransfer PProtocol [rotocol [FTPFTP] ] use touse to::

Transfer data files to and from computers around the world?Transfer data files to and from computers around the world?

internet protocolinternet protocol address : address : IPIP addressaddress DNSDNS: it is a name addressing system was : it is a name addressing system was

developed, called domain name system (developed, called domain name system (DNSDNS)) URL: Uniform Resource LocatorURL: Uniform Resource Locator HTMLHTML: : Hyper Text Markup LanguageHyper Text Markup Language