1 new man publication- nmijms fe 2016 www ...newmanpublication.com/br/full issue may 2016_… · of...

VOL 3 ISSUE 5 MAY 2016 wwwnewmanpublicationcom

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IISSSSNN 22334488--11339900

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MM UU LL TT II DD II SS CC II PP LL II NN AA RR YY SS TT UU DD II EE SS

VOL 3 ISSUE 5 MAY 2016

A REFEREED AND INDEXED E-JOURNAL

IMPACT FACTOR 3012 (IIJIF)

Editor in Chief

Dr Kalyan Gangarde

NNEEWW MMAANN PPUUBBLLIICCAATTIIOONN PPAARRBBHHAANNII ((MMAAHHAARRAASSHHTTRRAA))

Contact +91 9420079975 +91 9730721393 nmpublicationgmailcom

New Man International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2348-1390)


2

Impact Factor 3012 (IIJIF)

Full Journal Title NEW MAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY

STUDIES

FREQUENCY MONTHLY

Language ENGLISH HINDI MARATHI

Journal CountryTerritory INDIA

Publisher NEW MAN PUBLICATION

Publisher Address A108 Brahma Apt Near Dattadham Parbhani - 431401

Subject Categories LANGUAGES LITERATURE HUMANITIES SOCIAL SCIENCES amp

OTHER RELATED SUBJECTS

Start Year 2014

Online ISSN 2348-1390

International

Impact Factor

3012 (IIJIF)

Indexing

Currently the journal is indexed in Directory of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) International Impact Factor Services (IIFS) Google Scholar

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Academic facts views and opinions published by authors in the Journal express solely the opinions of the

respective authors Authors are responsible for their content citation of sources and the accuracy of their

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lacks or possible violations of third partiesrsquo rights



3


CONTENTS

1 Brief Study On The Interactive Between Anthropology And Communications

Dr (Prof) HLNarayan Rao

2 Feminism In Literary TraditionDr Sadhana Agrawal

3 Education And Strategy For Effective Enforcement Of Human Rights

Dr Sawant Waman Vyankatesh

4 Study Of Deblurring Techniques For Restored Motion Blurred Images

Leena Uttam Karan

5 bfrgkl dk iqufuekZk

MkW-uhjt xksy

6 Xokfyj ftys ds iZVu LFky xzkehk jkstxkj esa lgkd

MkW- frac14Jherhfrac12 olqkk vxzoky

7 î=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa varjlacak

MkW- iqiyrk flag Bkdqj



4


1 BRIEF STUDY ON THE INTERACTIVE BETWEEN

ANTHROPOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS


Bharatiya Vidya Bhavanrsquos College Andheri(W) Mumbai

Introduction

Anthropologic Communications is applied

language linguistics is an inter-disciplinary

or multi-disciplinary field of linguistics and

language Major branches of applied

linguistics include bilingualism and

multilingualism conversation analysis

contrastive linguistics sign linguistics

language assessment literacy discourse

analysis language pedagogy English as

second language acquisition language-

planning and policy inter-linguistics

stylistics pragmatics language linguistics

and translation made the people of the world

to come together to exchange their views

and aspects effectively

Anthropologic communications and

linguistics are the topics of multi-

disciplinaryinterdisciplinary field of

subjects that identifies investigates and

offers solutions to language-related real-life-

time problems Some of the academic fields

related to applied linguistics are education

psychology computer science

communication research anthropology and

sociology

Ethics of cultural relativism

As part of their quest for scientific

objectivity present-day anthropologists

typically urge cultural relativism which has

an influence on all the sub-fields of

anthropology This is the notion that cultures

should not be judged by anothers values or

viewpoints but be examined dispassionately

on their own terms There should be no

notions in good anthropology of one

culture being better or worse than another

culture

Topics like racism slavery and human

sacrifice attract anthropological attention

and theories ranging from nutritional

deficiencies to genes to acculturation have

been proposed not to mention theories

of colonialism and many others as root

causes of Mans inhumanity towards man

To illustrate the depth of an anthropological

approach one can take just one of these

topics such as racism ldquoun-touchabilityrdquo

and find thousands of anthropological

references stretching across all the major

and minor sub-fields Ethical commitments

in anthropology include noticing and

documenting the genocides infanticides

racism slavery bonded-labour torture and

inhumane assault and mutilations etc

Post World War II

During the World War-II India was under

the rule of the British The British social

anthropology and American cultural

anthropology were still distinct traditions

After the war British and American

anthropologists exchanged ideas and

methodological approaches from one

another to speak of them collectively as



5


socio-cultural and linguistic communication

in anthropology

Basic trends

There are several characteristics that tend to

unite anthropologic communication to work

One of the central characteristics is that

anthropology tends to provide a

comparatively more holistic account of

phenomena and tends to be highly empirical

The quest for holism leads most

anthropologists to study a particular place

problem or phenomenon in detail using a

variety of methods over a more extensive

period than normal in many parts of

academia

In the 1990s and 2000s (decade) calls for

clarification of what constitutes a culture of

how an observer knows where his or her

own culture ends and another begins and

other crucial topics in writing anthropology

were heard These dynamic relationships

between what can be observed on the

ground as opposed to what can be observed

by compiling many local observations

remain fundamental in any kind of

anthropology whether cultural

communications biological linguistic or

archaeological and etymological

Biological and Physical trends

It has also studied that the biological

anthropologists are interested in both human

variation and in the possibility of human

universal behaviors ideas or concepts

shared by virtually all human cultures in the

world They use many different methods of

study but modern population genetics

participant observation and other techniques

often take anthropologists into the field

which means traveling to a community in its

own setting to do something called

fieldwork On the biological or physical

side human measurements genetic samples

nutritional data may be gathered and

published as articles or monographs

Along with dividing up their project by

theoretical emphasis anthropologists

typically divide the world up into relevant

time periods and geographic regions Human

time on Earth is divided up into relevant

cultural traditions based on material such as

the Paleolithic and the Neolithic of

particular use in archaeology

Anthropologists understanding major trends

in the human evolution in the past

Anthropologists and geographers share

approaches to Culture regions as well since

mapping cultures is central to both sciences

By making comparisons across cultural

traditions (time-based) and cultural regions

(space-based) anthropologists have

developed various kinds of comparative

method a central part of their science

Commonalities between fields

Anthropology developed from so many

different enterprises and fields History of

Anthropology including but not limited to

fossil-hunting exploring documentary film-

making paleontology prima-tology

antiquity dealings and curatorship

philology etymology genetics regional

analysis ethnology history philosophy and

religious studies it is difficult to

characterize the entire field in a brief article

although attempts to write histories of the

entire field have been made

Some authors argue that anthropology

originated and developed as the study of

other cultures both in terms of time (past

societies) and space (non-Europeannon-

Western societies) For example the classic

of urban anthropology Ulf Hannerz in the

introduction to his seminal Exploring the

City Inquiries Toward an Urban

Anthropology mentions that the Third



6


World had habitually received most of

attention anthropologists who traditionally

specialized in other cultures looked for

them far away and started to look across

the tracks only in late 1960s

Now there exist many works focusing on

peoples and topics very close to the authors

home It is also argued that other fields of

study like History and Sociology on the

contrary focus disproportionately on the

West

Since the 1980s it has become common for

social and cultural anthropologists to set

ethnographic research in the North Atlantic

region frequently examining the

connections between locations rather than

limiting research to a single locale There

has also been a related shift toward

broadening the focus beyond the daily life of

ordinary people increasingly research is set

in settings such as scientific laboratories

social movements governmental and

nongovernmental organizations and

businesses

Communication and Anthropology

By the 1990s applied linguistics and

anthropologic communications had

broadened its scope and space including

critical studies in multilingualism Research

in applied linguistics was shifted to the

theoretical and empirical investigation of

real world problems in which language is a

central issuerdquo In the United States applied

linguistics also began narrowly as the

application of insights from structural

linguistics first to the teaching of English in

schools and subsequently to second and

foreign language teaching in different

countries

The linguistics applied approach to language

teaching was promulgated most strenuously

by Leonard Bloomfield who developed the

foundation for the Army Specialized

Training Program and by Charles C Fries

who established the English Language

Institute (ELI) at the University of

Michigan in 1941 In 1948 the Research

Club at Michigan established Language

Learning a Journal of Applied Linguistics

the first journal to bear the term applied

linguistics In the late 1960s applied

linguistics began to establish its own identity

as an interdisciplinary field of linguistics

concerned with real-world language issues

The new identity was solidified by the

creation of the American Association for

Applied Linguistics in 1977

Similarly in India applied English teaching

in the schools and gradually to secondary

and higher secondary to higher education

continued since the time of the British rule

As the both the countries have been under

the rule of the British and their alliesrsquo

presence which made a language ie English

as a compulsory component in the field of

education and research

References

1 Alan Davies amp Catherine Elder (Eds) 2004 Handbook of Applied Linguistics

2 Christopher Brumfit How applied linguistics is the same as any other science International Journal

of Applied Linguistics 7(1) 86-94

3 Margie Berns and Paul Kei Matsuda 2006 Applied linguistics Overview and history In K Brown

(Ed) The Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (2nd ed) and 398-401



7


2 FEMINISM IN LITERARY TRADITION

Dr Sadhana Agrawal

Asst Prof of English

Maharani Laxmibai Govt College of Excellence Gwalior (MP)

Feminism in literary historiography means

digging at the past a new form from the

womanrsquos point of view Authoritatively we

have ample evidence to say that women

have been writing in India since times

immemorial as early as 1000 BC on holy

themes mainly in the form of poetry The

study is not an attempt to deal with the

history of woman ndash writing in Indian but to

show that it has already been present there

probably with some breaks off and on In

literary theory Feminism means challenging

the patriarchal canons deconstructing the

phallocentric creative and critical discourse

decoding gender as an organizing principle

of experience and relative forms of feminine

articulation to changing external

circumstances and associations In this study

our basic concern is to present a womanrsquos

discourse as a concept of basic reality of

womanrsquos life situation which is grown out of

the anxieties of womanrsquos life Feminism is a

study of womanrsquos subordination for the

purpose of finding out where she exists in

the society

The strong wave of feminism in

1960s and 1970s is a result of dealing with

the issues related to women being raised in

range of forums and womanrsquos groups which

emerged all over the country Feminists in

the cities and feminist scholars have dealt

with family violence the law the

household health care education curricula

the media and womanrsquos work and working

conditions The very basis of feminism is

reformist Mary Woolstonecraft an English

feminist critic in her article ldquoA vindication

of the Rights of Womanrdquo states the reasons

of womanrsquos subordination She regrets that

women are seldom pleased by reason than

emotions They foolishly nourish the false

notion of beauty and delicacy excite

emotion in men and try to win pleasure and

power through their sexual character They

are seldom found obedient to reason in

shaping the identity of their individual

characters and cultivating agreeable talents

of their own She says ldquomen and women

look for the wrong things in each otherrdquo

Men are prone to see beauty good humour

and docility in women and women look for

manner gentleness and smart appearances

in man

Elaine Showalter an American

feminist critic who laid the foundation of

the feminist movement pleaded for one

structural frame work of the woman writers

The credit goes to Showalter for giving

uniformity to the feminist genre of literature

She told the women writers to rely on their

personal experience rewrite and reexamine

their cultural and literary history understand

the social and psychic mechanism that

construct and perpetuate gender differences

sharpen their creative faculty and develop

their linguistic caliber Showalter further

exhorted the women writers to create new

aesthetics and encourage the



8


psychodynamics of female creative

literature The nucleus point to the whole

argument is what Pouline de la Barre once

pointed out ldquoAll that has been written about

women by men should be suspect for the

men are at once judge and party to the

lawsuitsrdquo 1

Jane Austen in Persecution also

remarked ldquoMen have had every advantage

of us in telling their own story Education

has been theirs in so much higher a degree

the pen has been in their handsrdquo

Feminist theory studies a structural

inequality of women caused by systematic

social injustice It also goes against various

structures and interrelationships of power ndash

the state the church law and the academy

which patronise patriarchal Feminist

Literary Theory sees a fundamental

continuity between text and world

interpreted within social and cultural

construction The origin of woman in

various scriptures of the world also denotes

her subordinate position In the Devee

Bhagvata Narayan creates Urvashi from his

thigh in the Book of Genesis God creates

woman from Adamrsquos rib to alleviate manrsquos

loneliness in Ovidrsquos Metamorphoses

Pygmalion breathed life into a dead but

beautiful statue of woman sculpted by him

Both Nature and Culture rated woman

inferior to man The Roman Law limiting

the right of woman cited lsquothe imbecility the

instability of sexrsquo No where her lsquolegal

statusrsquo was the same she was considered

lsquoequal but separatersquo Simone de Beauvoir

maintains that woman is to man lsquo a sexual

beingrsquo lsquo a female by virtue of a certain lack

of qualitiesrsquo lsquo a natural defectivenessrsquo an

incidental beingrsquo and above all she is lsquothe

otherrsquo she is woman in virtue of her

anatomy and physiology2

In short woman

lacked respect in history and masculine

consideration as well

It is to be noticed that the feminist

belonging to different countries regions

languages cultures religious and social

milieus have handled these subjects because

feminine sensibility is more or less the same

every-where universally The basic reality of

womanrsquos life situation its interrupted

nature perhaps is the reason for a close

affinity between women and fiction writing

The feminists have been drawn more to

fiction writing than to other genres of poetry

and drama For constrains of time and scope

and for a better analysis only a few women

novelists have been selected for this study

Today in reality the feminist movement is

still going quite strong all over the world

with the prospects of attaining stronger in

near future As Liz Stanley and Sue Wise

remarks ldquo The essence of feminism for us

is its ideas about the personal its insistence

on the validity of womenrsquos experience and

its argument that an understanding of

womenrsquos expression can be gained only

through understanding and analyzing

everyday life where oppression as well as

everything else is grounded3

The last

quarters of the 19th

century was landmark in

the history of Indian novels in English on

account of the emergency of a host women

novelists who gave a new direction in the

writing of fiction in English

The first Indian women novelist who

made a pioneering effort in writing novels of

profound psychological significance was

Toru Dutt Although she is pre-eminently

renowned as a poet for the versification of a

substantial number of poetical work yet she

is recognized as a novelist for her fictional

work like Le Journal de Made moiselle drsquo

Arvers written in French Blanca or The

Young Spanish Maiden written in English

These two novels are self ndash protection of her

own agony and anguish of life The

portrayal of the woman characters leads us



9


to infer that Toru remained invariably an

Indian woman in her temper temperament

and outlook Anita Desai recognized as the

pioneer of psychological novel in modern

Indian English literature She represents the

welcome ldquocreative release of the feminine

sensibility which began to emerge after the

world was secondrdquo Her novels such as Cry

the Peacock Voices in the City Where

Shall We Go This Summer Fire on the

Mountain Clear Light of Day and so on

present an explanation to the long smothered

wail of a lacerated psyche In Custody

Desai has handled the feminine issues of

violence against woman artistically Thus

Anita Desai heralded a new era of

psychological exploration of inner mind in

the novels

As a feminist par excellence Shashi

Deshpande depicts how her protagonists

instead of rebelling against male adapt

themselves to a male dominated society

This patriarchal ideology and dominance are

denounced The age old tradition of

subordinating women to men is fore

grounded as a stigma in the society Another

revolutionary women novelist is Kamla Das

She projects in her poetry and novels her

own inner mind without inhibition and

hesitation She revolts against the male

dominated Indian Society and revels her

feeling in a confessional mood Geeta

Hariharan is a novelist who uses her novel

as a vehicle of her protest against male

dominance over women

The other feminist novelist who won

the booker prize for literary achievement is

Arundhati Roy In her novel The God of

Small Things she seeks to evaluate the

abnormal psychology of men and women in

the typical Indian social clime She unfolds

the inner working of some of the major

characters in the novel A study of her

novels can convince the readers as to how

they assume feminist significance by reason

of her concentration on the portrayal of

women characters

Another woman novelist who

projects a new vision of Indian women in

her fictions is Manju Kapoor In her novel

Difficult Daughters she portrays her women

characters as women of new modern

outlook The Day in Shadow and Rich Like

us by Nayantara Sahgal analyse the

womanrsquos position through feminine

perspectives These novels raise the voice of

its protagonists against the oppression of

male-chauvinism and hegemony in the

familiar level through feminine perspectives

Shobha De is also one of those

popular novelists who have raised her voice

against patriarchal hegemony oppression

and sexploitation of the women Her novels

evoke hostile reviews She once said ldquoI

write with a great deal of empathy towards

women Without waving the feminist flag I

feel very strongly about the woman

situationrdquo 4 Veena Paintalrsquos novels deal

with many questions about women Sorabji

championed the causes of Indian Women

and exposed in her stories the deep mental

agony of the married and unmarried women

Iqbalunnisa Hussain as a feminist writer in

her fiction Purdaha and Polygamy has

panoramically portrayed the evils and

abuses of customs and traditions that had

enslaved the married women and rendered

them practically helpless and voiceless In

Kamla Markandayarsquos novels we find an

ideological clash between the East and the

West between the concept of ancient India

and that of new modern India Margaret

Atwood shows her concern with the

imaginative depiction of socio-realistic

themes with woman as central character

The most important factor of life is survival

She wants her protagonist not to be solitary



10


weepers but to make decisions perform

actions be ready to face the consequences

what ever they be and to be ambitious

Jane Austen was the first one who

deals with the theme of psychological

insight and feminist objective In this

context David Cecil aptly points out ldquoShe

represents a feminization of the English

novelrdquo The other women novelists who

reflect on womanrsquos mind in their fictions are

Mrs Gaskell Bronte sister Richardson and

Virginia Woolf etc Another women

novelist who is preoccupied with the

psychological exploration of the mind of

women is Virginia Woolf Her novels are

overtly psychoanalytic study of the hidden

motives and reaction of women In order to

unveil their veiled mind Woolf exploits

with subtlety the new technique of interior

monologue and stream of consciousness

She depicts woman characters with a

profound feminist perspective

The contemporary Afro-American

literature presents the conflict by the female

protagonists with their father brother

husband sister society and conventional

custom There are many Afro-American

writers viz Alice Walker Toni Morrison

Paul Marshall Gloria Naylor Nikki

Giovanni Maya Angelou Toni Cade

Bambara Gwendolyn Brooks Lucille

Clifton Mari Evans Audre Lorde Sonia

Sanchez and many others Almost all

feminine writers in African literature have

exposed the real status of women before the

public eyes Among them the most

remarkable writers are Buchi Emecheta

Flora Nwapa Efua Sutherland Ama Ata

Aidoo Bessie Head Rebecca Njau and

Mariama Ba but ldquo Of all the woman writers

in contemporary African literature Buchi

Emecheta of Nigeria has been the most

sustained and vigorous voice of direct

feminist protestrdquo 5

Judith Fryer is of the view that ldquothe

awakening of the female writers to a sense

of their own identity begins at the turn of the

centuryrdquo 6

depicting woman as a free selfndash

actualized being they still remain ldquothe

reflections of the prevailing images of

woman in the nineteenth century and alike

the predominantly male creators of the

Utopian schemerdquo (Fryer 23) It is truly with

the female protagonists in the novels of Kate

Chopin Edith Wharton Ellen Glasgow

Willa Cather and Margaret Mitchell that ldquoa

special female awareness emerges through

themrdquo 7

Being a feminist Ellen Glasgow has

thought for the emancipation of woman but

the way different Kate Chopin neither joins

any of the feminist movement nor supports

them but the advocacy of womenrsquos rights

rises all through the period of her active

writing Margaret Drabblersquos two

novels The Millstone and The Realms of

God depict the feminine sensibility and

female development against the oppression

of the male-chauvinistic convention

In 20th

century the woman writers in

France start their writing on feminine

subject Simone de Beauvoirrsquos The Second

Sex is the outcome of that effort In the

novel a woman trusts that dependence on

parents husbands and sons is her sheer

potentiality rather than a free will commits

a moral defect Pay no attention to a

womanrsquos murmurs her cries her pains

nature has made her for our use and for

bearing every-thing children sorrows

blows and pains inflicted by man Do not

accuse yourself of hardness In all the codes

of so-called civilized nations man has

written the laws that ranged womanrsquos



11


destiny under this bloody epigraph ldquoVae-

Victisrdquo woe to the weak (Beauvoir 285)

Beauvoir realized the need for the

defence of women folk ldquoI shall pose the

problem of feminine destiny quite otherwise

(than it is proposed by psychoanalysis) I

shall place woman in a world of values and

give her behaviour a dimension of liberty I

believe that she has the power to choose

between the assertion of her transcendence

and her alienation as object she is not the

plaything of contradictory drives she

devices solutions of diverse values in the

ethical scale (Beauvoir 76)

Beauvoir further discusses the

femalersquos condition through the middle ages

to the eighteenth century She speaks of the

freedom of womenrsquos choice She affirms

herself as a rebel against the miserable

condition of the women folk This way she

logically and clearly expresses the historical

philosophical and psychological account of

the injustice to woman Thus she stands for

evaluating feminine creativity in the society

Prof Iyengar points out that women

are natural story-tellers even when they do

not write or publish8

To begin with political

social cultural problems as their major

themes the women writers have advanced to

more complicated problems as feminism

free sex isolation alienation and identity

crisis which they find challenging enough to

incorporate in art form Whereas Marx

inspired some of them to present class

conflicts Fraud taught others to anatomize

consciousness itself Whatever is the content

of their fiction writing the women never

forgot to deconstruct themselves when they

had to write

After taking a comparative analysis

we understand that women have caught up

with the changing trends and challenges in

the society and become articulate to voice

their feelings Their main revolt is against

male-chauvinism patriarchy and their hue

and cry is for identity equality and

democratic way of life where they are

treated like human beings on par with men

Simone de Beauvior is of the view that the

history of humanity is a history of keeping

the women in subjection and silence

Feminists deprecate such masculinity and

treatment meted out to women Feminist

literature tends to espouse the cause of the

women and denounces everything that

circumscribes the liberty of woman

References

1Pouline de la barre Quated by Smione de Beauvior The Second Sex

2Simone de Beauvior The Second Sex trans HM Parshley (Harmondsworth Penguin Books 1987)

3Liz Stanley and Sue Wise Breaking Out Feminist consciousness and Feminist Research (Routleddge

and Kegan Paul London (1983) 135

4The Hindustan Times Magazine 12 February 1995 3

5Lloyd W Brown Women Writers in Black Africa ( Westport Green Wood Press 1981) 35

6Judith Fryer The Faces of Eve ( New York Oxford University Press 1976) 26

7Elaine Showalter Womenrsquos Liberation and Literature ( New York Hercourt 1971) 173

8KRSIyengar Indian Writing in English (New Delhi Sterling Pub 1987) 435



12


3 EDUCATION AND STRATEGY FOR EFFECTIVE

ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS


Associate Professor and Head of Department

Department of Economics

Gogate Jogalekar College Ratnagiri Maharashtra

Human right is relatively new term with its

initial use occurring in 1945 after the end of

World War II This enormous catastrophic

conflict reached into almost every corner of

the globe leaving few countries unscathed

but it provided the catalyst for peoples and

governments everywhere to create a

mechanism by which to prevent such a vast

and destructive event from ever happening

again at least on a worldwide scale The

result of this effort to create a more stable

and peaceful world order culminated in 1948

with the universal Declaration of Human

Rights

Human rights are to be exercised and

enjoyed by all people Without them people

cannot fully develop as human being

Human rights and fundamental freedoms

allow us to develop and use our intrinsic

qualities intelligence Talent and conscience

to satisfy our spiritual and material needs

They are based on mankinds increasing

demand for a life in which the inherent

dignity and worth of a human being is

respected and protected Denial of human

rights and fundamental freedoms has led to

social and political unrest sowing seeds of

violence in conflicts within and between

societies and nation

The realization of the right to development

of every human beings and nation is

impossible without the reorganization of the

rights to education Indias constitution of

the makers were strongly of the opinion that

people should have the rights to live a life of

basic human dignity for which they must

have the basic necessities of life

1 Everyone has the right to education

Education shall be free at least in the

elementary and fundamental stages

Elementary education shall be

compulsory Technical and

professional education shall be made

generally available and higher

education shall be equally accessible

to all on the basis of merit

2 Education shall be directed to the full

development of the human

personality and to the strengthening

of respect for human rights and

fundamental freedom It shall

promote understanding tolerance

and friendship among all nations

social or religious groups and shall

further the activities of the United

Nations for the maintenance of

peace

3 Imparting Human Rights Education

is one of the objectives of all

educational institutions Thus timely

sanctions of projects and timely

release of grants to various faculties



13


of the universities and schools

should be made

4 to get the desired results and wide

coverage local community

participation should be motivated

programmes should be mobilized

and various activities should be

planned and implemented

5 Both recent and traditional folk

media like television radio

newspapers magazines bhavais

nautankies yatras respectively can

play an excellent role in passing the

messages on human rights to the

masses

Strategy of Human rights

Protection of human rights in one of the

fundamentals of democracy but for millions

of people in India the rights are a far cry

India as the most democratic country in

south Asia that is even while giving India

poor marks is social Indices but basic rights

are not protected here when it comes to

women and children dalits minorities and

the under privileged sections

bull The concept of human right changes

with time and society In the

developing countries with time and

society In the developing countries

where struggle is for existence and

not for firer aspects of life the rights

are often given a go by The pangs of

poverty and the deprivation caused

by illiteracy and ignorance leave

common citizens with no time to

fight for what is their due

bull One of the worst forms of human

rights violation is discrimination and

a population with no knowledge of

their rights is not in a position to

judge what it has been denied in the

first place The undignified life and

the sub-human existence of at least a

quarter of the countrys population

make them sure victims of human

rights violations

bull India as a nation with a sound

democratic system cannot escape the

duty of protecting the basic human

rights of the citizen For set the finer

aspects of human rights most of the

time we are not in a position to

protects of human rights must of


protect the basic rights like the

Right to live with dignity Right to

freedom of conscience and Right to

minimal mean of sustenance

bull It is with the right to minimal means

of sustenance that the aspect of

righty to work comes this right is

much relevant in states like

Rajasthan where the drought his

people Year after year seek jobs to

keep themselves alive one the crops

fail

bull The issue of food comes prior of

freedom in many parts of the

developing world The right to live

or exist of course comes first as

everything else is relevant if only

one is alive The violation of human

rights is ignored in case pertaining

jobs even by those who are aware of

it as employment is scarce This

leads to authorities overlooking

instances where minimum wages are

not protected are child labour or even

bonded labour are employed

bull Poverty unemployment illiteracy

and ignorance could be major

reasons behind violation of human

rights in many cases but these are

natural cases What should be



14


termed unnatural is the state induced

oppression the state is a major culprit

when it comes to grave violation of

human rights of women children and

the poor

bull Clearly the process of drafting and

obtaining acceptance of a covenants

or convention on human rights

involves numerous factors The

initial wording of the document

contains its own set of challenges

with some countries or groups

wanting particular wording to satisfy

their own political or social agenda

Conclusion

Human rights are a universal phenomenon

because rights have bees imbibed in our

society over the years It is a realization that

without human rights we cannot lives as

human beings They include all fundamental

freedoms and are based on mankinds


dignity and worth of each human being will

receive respect and protection It is possible

only if we respect and take care of the needs

and rights of one another

The cardinal principles of human rights

are thus equality and dignity It is the duty of

the government and members of society to

ensure equal opportunities to all children to

get education and health services and other

rights and these rights will be granted

assuring the dignity of the individual While

it is for the government to perform its

constitutional obligations we as members of

the societ6y are morally bound to create a

conducive atmosphere and an ideal situation

where in everybody weak or strong would

lead a happy life This would be the first

step for creating understanding and

awareness of our rights and respect for the

rights of the other

Reference

1) Elisabeth Reichert (2003) social work and human rights a foundation of posicy and practice prem rawat

for Rawat publications Jaipur page 10 to 41

2) Chiranjivi J Nirmal (1999)Human Right in India Historical social and political perspectives oxford

university press new Delhi

3) Manohar Prabhakar Sanjeev Bhanawant (2004) Human Rights and media ms university Book house

pvt ltd Jaipur

4) Mohanty SB (1999) Education for Human Right university news AIU

5) Nirmal Chiranjivi (1999) Human Right in India Historical social amp political perspectives Oxford

University press New Delhi



15


4 STUDY OF DEBLURRING TECHNIQUES

FOR RESTORED MOTION BLURRED IMAGES

Leena Uttam Karan

(Masters in Electronics amp Telecommunication)

Alamuri Ratnamala Institute of Engineering and Technology

Shahapur Tal Shahapur Dist Thane

Abstract

This paper attempts to undertake the study

of deblurring techniques for Restored

Motion Blurred Images by using Wiener

filter Regularized filter and Lucy

Richardson with an information of the Point

Spread Function (PSF)with corrupted

blurred image with LEN=21 and THETA =

11 This paper also attempts to undertake

the study of PSNR values calculated for the

restored images deblurred by above three

techniques to justify their comparative

results mathematically Keywords Point

Spread Function Blur Types Deblurring

Techniques

I Introduction

Images are produced to record or display

useful information Due to imperfections in

the imaging and capturing process recorded

image represents a degraded version of the

original scene The undoing of these

imperfections is crucial to many of the

subsequent image processing tasks There

exists a wide range of different degradations

that need to be taken into account covering

for instance noise geometrical degradations

(pin cushion distortion) illumination and

color imperfections (underover-exposure

saturation) and blur Image Restoration is a

technique in Image Processing which deals

with recovering an original and sharp image

from a degraded image Using a

mathematical degradation and restoration

model it recovers original imageThis study

focuses on restoration of degraded images

which have been blurred by known or

unknown degradation function

The field of image restoration (sometimes

referred to as image deblurring or image

deconvolution) is concerned with the

reconstruction or estimation of the

uncorrupted image from a blurred and noisy

one Essentially it tries to perform an

operation on the image that is the inverse of

the imperfections in the image formation

system The recovery process or

reconstructing process can be subdivided

into two categories as 1 Classical

Restoration 2 Blind Image Restoration

Classical restoration includes the techniques

that utilize some prior information regarding

the degradation of image during

reconstruction In classical restoration the

blurring function is given and the

degradation process is inverted using one of

the many known restoration algorithms The

blind image deconvolution (BID) refers to

the task of separating two convolved signals

i and d when both the signals are either

unknown or partially known[2] In blind

image deconvolution an observed image

c(xy) is assumed to be the two dimensional

convolution of the true image i(x y) with a

linear-shift invariant blur known as

pointspread function (PSF) d(xy) and the



16


additive noise is assumed to be zero[2] That

is c(xy) = i(xy) d(xy) The problem of

reconstructing the true image i(xy) requires

the deconvolution of the PSF d(xy) from

the degraded image i(x y) A lot of research

has been done exploring the various

methods for image deconvolution as blind

techniques but still is a critical and

challenging problem for the researchers The

blind deconvolution of images is done by

following either of the two approaches 1

The degradation function PSF is identified

and then using any classical restoration

technique[1] such as inverse filtering

wiener filtering and pseudoinverse filtering

the true image is identified This method is

simple and less computation is required The

algorithms in this approach are known as a

priori blur identification technique 2 The

identification of the PSF and the true image

is done simultaneously in the restoration

algorithm Hence the algorithms in this

approach are complex The most important

technique for removal of blur in images due

to linear motion or unfocussed optics blur is

the Wiener filter Weiner filters are far and

away the most common deblurring

technique used because they mathematically

return the best results

II Blurring

In digital image there are 3 common types of

Blur effects

a) Average Blur

The Average blur is one of several tools you

can use to remove noise and specks in an

image Author can use this tool when noise

is present over the entire image [14] This

type of blurring can be distribution in

horizontal and vertical direction and can be

circular averaging by radius R which is

evaluated by the formula

R =sqrt( g2 + f2)

Where g is the horizontal size blurring

direction and f is vertical blurring size

direction and R is the radius size of the

circular average blurring

b) Gaussian Blur

The Gaussian Blur effect is a filter that

blends a specific number of pixels

incrementally following a bell-shaped curve

[8] Blurring is dense in the center and

feathers at the edge Apply Gaussian Blur

filter to an image when you want more

control over the Blur effect [6]

c) Motion Blur

The Many types of motion blur can be

distinguished all of which are due to

relative motion between the recording

device and the scene This can be in the

form of a translation a rotation a sudden

change of scale or some combinations of

these The Motion Blur effect is a filter that

makes the image appear to be moving by

adding blur in a specific direction [10]The

motion can be controlled by angle or

direction (0to 360 degrees or ndash90 to +90)

andor by distance orinten sity in pixels (0

to 999) based on the software used [15]

The two types of motion blur are

1) Linear-Horizontal Motion Blur Let L be

the blur length More precisely L is the

number of additional points in the image

resulting from a single point in the original

scene The motion blur arising either to

camera moving or the object moving

horizontally is given as

2) Angular Motion Blur When the scene to

be recorded translates at a constant velocity

V with an angle of degrees from the

horizontal axis during the exposure interval

[0 T] then the PSF observed is given as

There are several techniques for preventing

motion blur either during image capture or

by using any post processing techniques



17


The motion blur can be solved by adopting

any of the following measure-

Using hardware in the optical system of

the camera to stabilise the motion

Post-processing technique by estimating

the camerarsquos motion from single image

(blind deconvolution)

d) Out of Focus Blur

When a camera images a 3-D scene onto a

2-Dimaging plane some parts of the scene

are in focus while other parts are not [12] If

the aperture of the camera is circular the

image of any point source is as mall disk

known as the circle of confusion (COC)

III Deblurring

This paper applies three deblurring

techniques

A Wiener Filter Deblurring Technique Norbert Wiener proposed optimal filter in a

least-squares sense Wiener filters are often

applied in the frequency domain These

filters are comparatively slow to apply as its

working in the frequency domain To speed

up filtering one can take the inverse FFT of

the Wiener filter to obtain an impulse

response To produce a convolution mask

this impulse response can be truncated

spatially The spatially truncated Wiener

filter is inferior to the frequency domain

version but may be much faster

B Regularized Filter Deblurring Technique Regularized filter deblurs an

Image by using deconvolution function

deconverge

C Lucy-Richardson Algorithm Technique This algorithm was introduced by WH

Richardson (1972) and LB Lucy (1974)

This is a Bayesian Based Iterative Method

of image restoration The R-L algorithm is

the technique most widely used for restoring

HST (Hubble Space Telescope) images The

standard R-L method has a number of

characteristics that make it well-suited to

HST data

bull The R-L method forces the restored

image to be non-negative and conserves

flux both globally and locally at each

iteration

bull Typical R-L restorations require a

manageable amount of computer time

bull The R-L iteration converges to the

maximum likelihood solution for

Poisson statistics in the data (Shepp and

Vardi 1982) which is appropriate for

optical data with noise from counting

statistics

bull The restored images are robust against

small errors in the point-spread function

(PSF)

IV Result And Experimental Details

All restoration techniques implementation

work is done in MATLAB 79 This

software offers language tools and built-in

math functions that enable us to explore

multiple approaches and reach a solution

faster In this paper the performance of

three filtering techniques - Lucy Richardson

Regularized filter and Weiner filter is

evaluated by using the cameraman image In

the first step the original image was motion

blurred by creating a PSF corresponding to

the linear motion across 21 pixels at an

angle of 11 degrees After this the blurred

image was restored by using the filtering

techniques The PSNR value for the blurred

image is 1759 dB The original image that

has been considered for the experimentation

purpose is depicted in figure 1 below



18


Figure 1 Original Image

The image blurred by motion blur is shown in figure 2 below

Figure 2 Image blurred by motion blur

Fig 3 4 5 represent the restored image by Lucy- Richardson algorithm Regularized filter and Weiner filters



19


Figure 3 Image restore by Lucy- Richardson

Figure 4 Image restore by Regularized Filter



20


Figure 5 Image restore by Weiner Filter

The performance of the three filtering techniques in terms of PSNR values (dB) is shown in table I

V Conclusion The above experimental results that is snapshots and PSNR values indicates that Weiner filter technique is the best

to restore motion blurred image with an information of PSF corrupted blurred image with LEN=21 and THETA=11

References

[1] Chongliang Zhong Jinbao Fu Yalin Ding ldquoImage motion compensation for a certain aviation

camera based on Lucy Richardson Algorithmrdquo IEEE Electronics and Optoelectronics pp41-

1442011

[2]Ranipa KR Joshi MV ldquoA practical approach for depth and image restorationrdquo IEEE

Machine Learning for Signal Processing(MLSP)pp1-62011

[3] Ramya S Mercy Christial T ldquoRestoration of Blurred Images using Blind Deconvolution

Algorithmrdquo IEEE on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology(ICETECT)

pp496 -4992011

[4] Chong Yi Shimamura T ldquoA blind image deconvolution method based on noise variance

estimation and blur type reorganizationrdquo IEEEIntelligent Signal processing and Communications

Systempp1-62011

[6] Wiener and Norbert Extrapolation interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series New York Wiley 1949

[7] Kundur DeepaHatzinakosrdquoBlind Image Deconvolutionrdquo IEEE Signal processing Magazine 13(6) May(1996) pp43-

64

[8] LLucy An iterative technique for the rectification of observed distributions Astron J 79 1974

[9] M Ben-Ezra and S K Nayar Motion-based motion deblurring TPAMI 26(6)689698

[10] Joao PA Oliveira Mario ATF igueiredo and Jose MBioucas-Dias Blind Estimation of Motion Blur Parameters

for Image Deconvolution Fundacao Para a Ciencia Technologic under project POSCEEA-CPS612712004

Filtering Techniques PSNR Values (dB)

Lucy- Richardson 1983

Regularized Filter 2728

Weiner Filter 5093



21


5

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lgkd izkkid bfrgkl fotkjkts ldquokkl- dUk LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky] eqjkj] Xokfyj

Hkkjr ds bfrgkl ds fuekZk oa

iqufuZekk ds fy fofHkUu izkl fds x gS vkSj os vHkh Hkh tkjh gSaA bu izklksa ds ifjkkeLoi Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku esa leample ij fofHkUu i)frk]iexcl n`frsquoVdksk oa er fodflr gqA ftuds ewYkadu ds izkl vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA vkkqfud Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku 19 oha ldquokrkCnh ls izkjEHk gksrk gS tcfd vaxzst bfrgkldkjksa us Hkkjr ds ckjs esa fy[kuk izkjEHk fdkA tgkiexcl rd Hkkjrh bfrgkldkjksa dk loky gS] vkj-l-ldquokekZ ds vuqlkj] THORNikrdquopkR vkSj Hkkjrh fokuksa us Hkkjr ds vrhr ds vu dk izFke xEHkhj izklamp1857amp59 bZ- ds fonzksg ds ckn gh vkjEHk fdkA |fi 1784 bZ- ess frdquokkfVd lkslkbVh dh LFkkiuk gks pqdh Fkh rFkkfi Hkkjr esa] Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dks] 1859 ds ckn j[kk xk gSa] Dkasfd fczfVrdquok ldquokkldksa us eglwl fdk fd g fonzksg Hkkjrh keZ] jhframpfjoktksa vkSj bfrgkl ls mudh vufHkKrk ds dkjk gqvkA mUgsa g Hkh yxk fd tc rd ferdquokufjksa dks Hkkjrh lkekftd ltkiexclps dh detksfjksa dk irk ugha pysxk rc rd gkiexcl ds yksxksa ds eu esa bZlkbZa keZ ds izfr vkSj mlds eke ls lkezkT ds izfr lEeku ugha txkk tk ldrkA 19 oha ldquokrkCnh ds wjksi ds bfrgkldkjksa dh jpukvksa dk eq[ vkkkj eSDlewyj dk g dFku cu xk fd Hkkjr nkrdquokZfudksa dks nsrdquok gS vkSj Hkkjrh euhfrsquokksa esa jktuhfrd vkSj HkkSfrd fpUru dk vHkko gS rFkk Hkkjrhska esa dHkh Hkh jkrsquoVordfhrk dh Hkkouk ugha jghA1 bfrgklampys[ku kjk mUgksusa ikrdquopkR lHrk dks egku crkk] mUgksaus dgk fd jkse vkSj xzhl esa rks laLFkkvks dk fodkl gqvk]

ysfdu izkP nsrdquokksa frac14Hkkjr vkfnfrac12 ds fujadqrdquok ldquokkld vkil esa gtxM+rs gh jgsA mUgksaus fy[kk fd Hkkjr dh dksbZ laLd`fr ugha gS] vkSj uk gh os bfrgkl uked fo|k ls ifjfpr FksAszlig Hkkjr esa vaxzsth vkfkiR rFkk izlkj dks fl) djus ds fy vaxzstks ds fy g n`frsquoVdksk vkordquod Fkk fd muds vkus ls iwoZ Hkkjr esa fdlh izdkj dh drk ugha Fkh] gkiexcl fujadqrdquok jkt gksrk FkkA gkiexcl ds yksx vkkReoknh gSa] os ijyksd dh fpUrk esa yhu jgrs gSa] blh dkjk] bl yksd dks lqkkjus ds fy Hkkjr esa gekjk vkuk izklafxd gSA tsEl fey2 us fgLVordfh vkWQ fczfVrdquok bfMk] esa gh lc dqN fn[kkus dk izkl fdk fd fgUnw wjksfiu ls fuEu gksrs gSa ftudk dksbZ uSfrd vkkkj ugha gksrkA fey fgUnqvksa dks ccZj vkSj vKkuh dgrk gSA lkezkToknh ljdkj ds rRokkku esaa fy[kus okys bfrgkldkj] Hkkjr ds Hkwrdky ds ckjs esa iqokZxzg ls xzLr FksA bUgksaus Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku esa d uohu izo`fUgravek dks tUe fnk ftls wjks lSUVordfhd (Euro-centric) fopkj kkjk dgk xkA bl fopkjkkjk esa wjksi dks dsUnz esa j[kdj iwoZ ds bfrgkl dks ns[kk oa fy[kk tkrk gSaA tsEl fey] yfQULVu] fLeFk vkfn us bl ckr dks fl) djus dk iwjkampiwjk izkl fdk fd Hkkjrh lekt vius tUe dky ls gh vifjofrZr jgk gS vkSj ge viusa dkuwuksa kjk Hkkjr ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd ltkiexclps esa ifjorZu yk ldrs gSaA3 lsukVZ us ^dkLV bu bfMk esa fy[kk fd Hkkjr esa Lonsrdquok k jkT dk Hkko dHkh tkxr gh ugha gqvk vkSj fdlh jktuhfrd lafokku dk fodkl rks og oSpkfjd kjkry ij Hkh ugha dj ikkA4



22


Hkkjrh bfrgkl ds lkezkToknh n`frsquoVdksk dh loksZRre Ok[k foUlsV fLeFk us dh Fkh5 ftlus izkphu Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dks bl dnj fodr dj fnk fd vkt rd mu folaxfrksa dks nwj dj ikuk dfBu gks jgk gSA mlus viuh iqLrd^ vyhZ fgLVordfh vkWQ bfMk esa fy[kk fd izkphu Hkkjr esa Hkwfe ij jktk dk LokfeRo gksrk FkkA slk fy[k dj og fczfVrdquok lkezkToknh n`frsquoVdksk dks mfpr Bgjkus dk izkl dj jgk Fkk fd vc Hkkjr ij fczVsu dk vfkdkj gSA blfys Hkwfe lezkV dh gS vkSj Hkwfe dh OoLFkk esa ifjorZu djus dk gesa iwkZ vfkdkj gSaA gh ugha bu bfrgkldkjksa us fldUnj dh Hkkjr fot dks ifrdquope dh iwoZ ij fot ds i esa ns[kk] Hkkjr ds ohjksa dks ifrdquope ls izHkkfor crkkA fLeFk us leqnzxqIr dh rqyuk usiksfyu6 ls dj nh tcfd nksuksa dh ifjfLFkfrksa esa dgh Hkh lekurk LFkkfir ugha dh tk ldrhA Hkkjr ds vrhr vkSj mldh jkt OoLFkk ds ckjs esa g n`frsquoV LirsquoV i ls lkezkToknh fopkjkkjk dh |ksrd FkhA bl fopkjkkjk dk vFkZ varr gh Fkk fd Hkkjroklh vkkfRed leLkvksa esa [kks jgus okys nkrdquokZfud gSa blfy muds HkkSfrd ekeyksa dk lacak muds lkezkToknh vkdkvksa ds gkFkksa es gh jguk pkfgA Hkkjroklh LosPNkpkjh ldquokklu ds vHLr gS vkSj mUgsa dHkh Hkh jkrsquoVordf] jkT k Lordquokklu dk cksk ugha jgk rks g mudh ijEijk ds vuqi gh gS fd mu ij fczfVrdquok xoZuj tujy vkSj okljk dk LosPNkpkjh ldquokklu cus jguk pkfgA7

lkezkToknh bfrgkldjksa us Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd miyfCkksa dks Hkh utjvankt dj fnkA muds vuqlkj Hkkjrampjkse Okikj esa Hkkjrh Okikfjksa dh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha Fkh oju~ fonsfrdquokksa kjk gh bl Okikj dks lEiUu fdk tkrk FkkA8 tcfd uohu [kkstsa g LirsquoV djrh gSa fd Hkkjrh Okikjh Okikj ds fy dgkiexcl ugha xA Hkkjrh Okikfjksa dk jkse ds lkFk bruk vfkd Okikj Fkk fd jkse dk lksuk cM+h ek=k esa Hkkjr vkus yxk ftl lksus ds flDds dfursquod

dky esa cusA bl fLFkfr dks ns[kdj jkse dk foku fyoha9 foyki djrk gqvk jkse dh efgykvksa ls Hkkjrh Okikfjksa ls oLrqiexcl uk [kjhnus dk vuqjksk djrk gS ftlls jkse dh vFkZOoLFkk dks pkSiV gksus ls cpkk tk ldsA

lkezkToknh bfrgkl ys[ku ds bl wjksamplsfUVordfd n`frsquoVdksk us Hkkjrh bfrgkl esa ls ogh lkexzh rykrdquok dh tks Hkkjr dk xyr fp=k djus ds fy ikZIr FkhA lcls [kjkc fLFkfr ml le lkeus vkbZ tc Hkkjrh bfrgkldkjksa Hkh lkezkToknh bfrgkl ys[ku ls izHkkfor gksdj fy[kus yxsA vaxsztksa kjk QSykbZ xbZ vkkRe dh HkzkfUr dks Hkkjrh bfrgkldkjksa us LOkhdkj dj fyk rFkk fy[kuk izkjEHk fdk fd Hkkjr vius vkkRe ds cy ij gh izfl) gS mls HkkSfrd rRo dh vkordquodrk ugah gSA

lkezkToknh n`frsquoVdksk dh izfrfOslashk esa jkrsquoVordfoknh bfrgkldkjska dk d slk oxZ lkeus vkk ftUgksusa lkezkToknh bfrgkl ys[ku dk mRrj jkrsquoVordfoknh ys[kus ds kjk fnkA bl oxZ ds bfrgkldkjksa ds ys[ku dk d ek= mn~nsrdquo izkphu Hkkjr dks xkSjoe Loi iznku djuk FkkA bUgksusa vius ys[ku kjk fn[kkk fd gekjs gkiexcl Hkh jkrsquoVordfhrk Fkh] ekSZ rFkk xqIr jkT tSls fordquokkyre lkezkT Fks] Hkkjr esa yksdrU= dh ijEijk cgqr iqjkuh gSa] gekjh laLd`fr dh kkjk vfofPNUu gSa] mRrj ls nfkk rd Hkkjr d gS] ge vkkfRed fpUru gh ugah djrs oju keZ] vFkZ] dke vkfn ij Hkh fopkj djrs gSaA gekjh jktuSfrd oa lkekftd laLFkkiexcl yksdrkfU=d ijEijkvksa ij vkkkfjr gSa] gesa Lojkt vkSj turU= dk ikZIr vuqHko gSA10 bl izdkj ds jkrsquoVordfoknh n`frsquoVdksk dks nks dkjkksa ls lkeus ykk xkA izFkeampjkrsquoVordfh vkUnksyu dks vrhr ds xkSjo ds lkFk tksM+dj izHkkoh cukukA frh lkezkToknh bfrgkldkjksa kjk izLrqr pqukSrh dk mRrj nsuk] tSlsamptSls Hkkjrh jkrsquoVordfh vkUnksyu mxz gksrk pyk xk oSlsampoSls Hkkjrh bfrgkldkjksa dh ys[kuh Hkh mxz gksrh pyh xbZA bl izdkj ds izkjfEHkd ys[kdksa esa vkj-lh-nRr] vkj- ds- eq[kthZ] czt ukjkk vkfn FksA 1887



23


bZ0 esa vkj-lh-nUgravek us fy[kk fd izkphu dky esa jktk lHkh ds izfr Uk djrk FkkA11 1905 bZ0 esa caxky foHkktu dh izfrfOslashk esa tks vkUnskyu gq mlus izkphu Hkjrh jkTOoLFkk lEcUkh dkZ dks rst fdkA izks- l-ds- vcedilaxj us frdquokV bfMk esa pksy izrdquokklu dkyhu xzke iapkrksa ij izdkrdquok Mkyrs gq fn[kkk fd fdl izdkj pksy lezkVksa ds vkhu iwoZ edky esa iapkrsa lHkh dkksZa dk lEiknu djrh FkhA12

ds-ih- tkloky bu lcls vyx d dV~Vj jkrsquoVordfoknh ds i esa lekus vkA 1912amp15 ds chp êkMZu fjOw êkMZu fjOw êkMZu fjOw êkMZu fjOw esa mUgksaus Hkkjr dks vusd ys[kksa ds eke ls izLrqr fdkA vius ys[kksa esa mUgksaus crkk fd izkphu Hkkjrh jktuhfr oa lekt LosPNkpkfjrk ij ugah oju~ yksdrU= ij vkkkfjr FkkA viuh iqLrd ^fgUnw fgUnw fgUnw fgUnw jktrU=jktrU=jktrU=jktrU= frac141924frac12 esa mUgksaus blh ckr ij tksj fnk vkSj vius dV~Vjoknh ys[ku ds dkjk 1913 esa mUgsa dydUgravekk fordquoofo|ky esa vkiu dkZ ls Rkxi= nsus ds fy ck dj fnk xkA mUgksusa fgUnw jktrU= esa fLeFk ds izkphu Hkkjrh HkwampLokfeRo lEcUkh n`frsquoVdksk dh vkykspuk dhA mudk rdZ Fkk fd izkphu Hkkjr esa Hkwfe dk futh LokfeRo izpfyr FkkA13 mUgksusa vkxs fy[kk fd izkphu fgUnw jktuhfrd ltkiexclpk vardquokr FksUl ds xkrU=ksa vkSj vardquokr fczVsu ds ltax ds laoSkkfud jktrU=ksa ls cuk gqvk FkkA mudsa vuqlkj izkphu Hkkjr dh ikSj vkSj tuin tSlh laLFkkiexcl mu laLFkkvksa ls vfkd mUur Fkh ftu ij vkkqfud fLoVtjySM k vesfjdk xoZ dj ldrk gSA mUgksusa vkxs fy[kk fd fgUnqvksa kjk dh xbZ laoSkkfud izxfr dks ekr nsus dh ckr rks nwj] mldh cjkcjh Hkh lEHkor dksbZ izkphu jkT OoLFkk ugha dj ldrhA fgUnqvksa dh jkTampOoLFkk dk LokZqx ek= vrhr dh gh pht ugah gSa] oju og Hkforsquo esa Hkh fufgr gSA14 -lh-nkl us d ys[k esa fy[kk] THORNtks jktrU= izkphu Hkkjr esa QwykampQyk og fujadqrdquok ugha oju lhfer jktrU= FkkAszlig mUgksus vkxs fy[kk fd vkt fczfVrdquok ldquokklu esa gesa tSlk LFkkuh Lordquokklu izkIr gSa] mlls dgha vPNk

LFkkuh Lordquokklu izkphu Hkkjr esa ekStwn FkkA15 vkj- ds- eq[kthZ us Hkh viuh iqLrd ^yksdy xouZesUV bu afrdquokaV bfMk16 esa LFkkuh Lrj dh izfrfukh laLFkkvksa dk mYys[k fdk gSA

uk dsoy jktuhfrd ks= esa oju vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd ks= ds fodkl dks Hkh iznfrdquokZr fdk xk Mk0 vkj- lh- etqenkj us ^dkiksZjsV ykbQ bu afrdquokaV bfMk17 esa bl ckr dks nrdquokkZk fd gekjk thou dsoy vkkfRed gh ugha Fkk oju ge vius lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd thou esa lak cukdj dkZ djrs FksA vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd thou esa Jskh dkZizkkyh iwkZr yksdrU= ij vkkkfjr FkhA izkphu Hkkjfrksa us lkeqfnzd xfrfofkksa ds fodkl ds fy izd`fr kjk izLrqr voljksa dk iwkZ miksx fdk rFkk nwjLFk jkrsquoVordfksa ds lkFk uk dsoy Okikj fdk oju mifuosrdquok Hkh LFkkfir fdsA18 izkphu Hkkjrhksa ij tks vkjksi ikrdquopkR fokuksa us yxkk Fkk fd os bfrgkl tSlh laLFkk ls vufHkK gSa mldk mRrj MkW0 oh-l- ikBd us fnk vkSj dgk fd izkphu Hkkjr ds foku bfrgkl ds uk dsoy Kkrk Fks oju mUgksusa bfrgkl dk okZu Hkh fdkA blds fy MkW0 ikBd us Hk`xqvafxjl19 ijEijk dks bfrgkl ys[kdksa ds i esa lfEefyr fdkA

jkrsquoVordfoknh ys[ku us jkrsquoVordfh vkUnksyu dks dkQh gn rd ykHk igqiexclpkk Dkasfd yksxksa ds eu esa jkrsquoVordfh Hkkoukvksa dk lapkj gqvk fd Hkys gh vHkh ge xs xqtjs lgh] ysfdu igys rks egku FksA bl ys[ku ls Hkkjrh bfrgkl dks Hkh ykHk igqiexclpkA jkrsquoVordfh fojklr ds izfr izse mRiUu gqvkA uxjamp uxj iksfFkksa] vfHkys[kksa] LFkkiR] vkfn esa Hkkjrh xkSjo dh [kkst gksus yxhA bUgha izklksa ds QyLoi 1905 bZ0 esa Jh ldquokek ldquokkL=h dks f=osUnze esa dkSfVY ds vFkZrdquokkL= dh izfr izkIr gqbZ] ftlls izpfyr ekUrkvksa dks cnyus rFkk jkrsquoVordfh xkSjo dks LFkkfir djus esa lgkrk feyhA

jkrsquoVordfoknh ys[ku us Hkkjrh jkrsquoVordfh vkUnksyu rFkk Hkkjrh xkSjo dks LFkkfir djus



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esa fdruk Hkh Dkas uk ykHk igqiexclpkk gks fdUrq bl izdkj ds ys[ku us vfrjaftr bfrgkl ys[ku dh uohu izo`fUgravek dks tUe fnkA bfrgkl jktuhfrd cu dj jg xkA blh rjQ ladsr djrs gq vkj-l-ldquokekZ us fy[kk fd bl izdkj dk ys[ku fdlkuksa rFkk etnwjksa ds ckjs esa ekSu jgk] nwljs fgUnw laLFkkvksa ds vRfkd xqkxku dk d egt ifjkke eqlyekuksa eas fojksk Hkko mRiUu djuk gqvkA |fi slk tkucqgtdj ugha fdk tk jgk Fkk] fdUrq vrhr dk xqkxku djus ek= ls gh edkyhu laLFkkvksa dk fojksk izkjEHk gks xkA bl izdkj bfrgkl ys[ku esa lkEizknkfd izofUgravekkiexcl Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxhA

LorU=rk vkUnksyu ds vfUre pjk esa gh oSKkfud bfrgkl ys[ku dh ckr dh tkus yxh FkhA oSKkfud bfrgkl ys[ku esa ekDlZoknh bfrgkldkjksa dh Hkh egRoiwkZ Hkwfedk FkhA bl izdkj ds ys[ku esa os bfrgkl ys[kd Hkh lfEefyr gksrs x tks ekDlZoknh rks ugha Fks fdUrq ftudk ys[ku lkezkTokn] iquRFkkuokn rFkk lkEiznkfdrk ds fo) FkkA vkil esa erHksn j[krs gq Hkh ekDlZoknh rFkk xSj ekDlZoknh bfrgkldkj d nwljs ds oSKkfud rFksa dks lEekku djrs gSaA nksuksa gh bfrgkl dks turk ds n`frsquoVdksk ls ns[kus dk izkl djrs gSaA bl izdkj ds bfrgkl ys[kdksa eas vkj-l-ldquokekZ] fofiu pUnz] bjQku gchc] lrhrdquok pUnz vkfn dk uke fyk tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku esa bl le rd dkQh ifjorZu vk pqds FksA bfrgkl ds ks= esa tks ifjorZu vFkok izksx ifrdquope esa gks jgs Fks mu lcdks Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku esa Hkh vktekk tk jgk FkkA tuksUeq[kh bfrgkl dks ku esa j[kdj Ldkml ysch us fuekZk izfOslashk dk vu fdk] mudk tksj kVuk ij ugha oju lEiwkZ dkZ izkkyh ij FkkA jksfeyk Fkkij us ôardquok ls jkT(leniage to state) ds fl)kUr dk izfriknu fdk fd fdl izdkj oxZ fordquoksrsquok jkT fuekZk dh izfOslashk ls xqtjrs gSaA LFkkuh bfrgkl dh ckr djrs le csyh

(BALY) us THORNbykgkckn dk bfrgklszlig fy[kkA tkWulu us mnkjokn oa mxzokn dk vu djus ds fy cEcbZ dks pqukA jkfcUlu us mRrj iznsrdquok ds eqlyekuksa dh ekufldrk dk vu fdkA Msfjjk us bfrgkl esa fMdkUlVordfDlu (fo[kMu) dk izksx fdk rnuqlkj lR dks tkuus ds fy kVuk dks VwdM+ksa eas foHkkftr fdk tk fQj fordquoysrsquokkkRed vu djrs gq fuekZk fdk tkA bl i esa tku ds- (Johnkey) dh iqLrd Indian

Rediscovered izfl) gSA

ifjorZuksa oa izksxksa ds bl sfrgkfld nkSj esa Sub Altern frac14lc vkYVuZ amp mikJhfrac12 bfrgkldkjksa us d uk gh n`frsquoVdksk izLrqr fdkA lc vkYVZu dh fopkjkkjk dk izfriknu bVyh esa xzkelh kjk fdk xk FkkA Hkkjr esa bl fopkjkkkjk dks izks0 jathr xqgk us loZizFke vkxs clt+kkA g fopkjkkjk izkphu bfrgkl] jkrsquoVordfokn] nfyr bfrgkl] turk dk bfrgkl] LFkkuh bfrgkl] vkfn esa uohu psruk dks ltwiexclltrh gSA bl fopkjkkjk us vkUnksyu] laxBu] neu vkfn dk u iksa esa vu fdk vkSj Hkkjrh jkrsquoVordfokn dks d uohu ifjisz esa ns[kkA fdlku jkrsquoVordfokn dh vokkjkk dks LFkkfir djus dk Js bUgha dks gSA blls igys ds lkjs bfrgkl ys[ku dks bUgksus [kkfjt dj fnkA [kkfjtksa dh lwph esa ekDlZoknh ifjizs okyk bfrgkl Hkh lfEefyr gS ftls vfHktkr oxZ dk bfrgkl nrdquokZu dgk xk vkSj bUgksusa iqjkus lhfer n`frsquoV okys bfrgkl nrdquokZu dh txg] mldks LFkkfir djus dh ckr dgha xbZ gSa] tks ubZ] tuksUeq[kh k lckYVZu frac14vke turk dhfrac12 n`frsquoV gSA20 bUgksus iqjkus lhfer n`frsquoV okys bfrgkl ys[ku ds LFkku ij ml ys[ku dh ckr dgh tks uohu] tuksUeq[kh vFkok mikJh gSA uohu rduhd dk izksx djds bUgksaus vkkqfud Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dks vRfkd kuh cukus dh ckr dhA fdlku etnwj ds vkUnksyu] LFkkuh vkUnksyu] fonzksg vkfn dk Okid Lrj ij vu djds] lwe Lrjh vu dks



25


izksRlkfgr fdkA izks- KkusUnz ikMs us fdlku jkrsquoVordfokn dh vokkjkk dks LFkkfir fdkA izks- jathr xqgk21 us Hkkjr esa jkrsquoVordfokn ds bfrgklampys[ku dh pquksSfrksa ij fopkj djrs gq g er ODr fdk fd Hkkjrh jkrsquoVordfokn dk bfrgkl ys[ku d yEcs vUrjky ls vfHktkRokn ds uhps nck jgk gSA Hkkjr es g vfHktkRokn nks iksa esa lkeus vkk amp vkSifuosfrdquokd vfHktkRokn oa nwljs cwTokZ jkrsquoVordfoknh vfHktkRoknA bu nksuks dk ifjofrZr i vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa lfOslash gSA izks- xqgk dk fopkj gS fd bl vfHktkRokn us] Hkkjr dks d jkrsquoVordf cukus oa jkrsquoVordfh psruk tkxr djus esa] Loa dks izeq[k LFkku fnk gSA Hkkjrh jkrsquoVordfokn dk bfrgkl vfHktkroxZ dk bfrgkl cudj jg xk gSA22 izks- xqgk dk g fopkj Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku dh n`frsquoV ls mfpr izrhr gksrk gSA jkrsquoVordfokn k jkrsquoVordfh psruk dh ckr djrs le vke thou dks utjvankt ugha fdk tk ldrk] exj izks- fofiu pUnz lcvYVuZ ls lger ugha gSA lc vkYVuZ vius ys[ku dks vke thou rd gh ys tkuk pkgrs gSa fdUrq mudh lcls cM+h detksjh g jgh fd os Loa iqjkru fopkjkkjk ls ckgj ugha fudy ldsA tu psruk dh ckr djrs le mUgksaus Loa ds fy uohu L=ksr [kkstus dk ifjJe ugha fdk oju~ iqjkus vfHktkfr L=ksrks ij gh vkxs clt+us dk izkl fdk ftlds dkjk mudh lQyrk lafnXk gksrh xbZA23

yky cgknqj oekZ us viuh iqLrd ^bfrgkl ds ckjs es bfrgklampys[ku esa yksd laLd`fr ds miksx dh egUgravekk ij tksj fnk gSA yksd laLd`fr ds fofHkUu mikxksa] yksdxhrksa] yksd dgkorksa] eqgkojksa] kVuk ds LFkku] Hkkx ysus okyks dk mRlkg] kVuk dh rhozrk oa mldk izHkko vkfn lokyksa ds mRrj tksM+dj d bfrgkl cukus dk izkl fdkA LirsquoV gS fd bl izdkj dk ys[ku vkkqfud dky ds lUnHkZ esa ekSf[kd rFkk tuJqfr L=ksrksa ij gh fuHkZj djsxkA lc vkYVZu ds fy g d uk L=ksr cuk fnk ftldk mUgksaus ys[ku esa

miksx fdk gSA 1857 ds LorU=rk laxzke dks vokh] Hkkstiqjh] eSfFkyh vkfn ds xhrksa ls fudkyus dk izkl fdk xkA MkW- mnukjkk frokjh us Hkkstiqjh dgkorksa dk ladyu fdk gSA MkW- cznhukjkk us ^yksd laLd`fr esa jkrsquoVordfokn ij dke fdkA lkfgR vehu us ^xkiexclkh st egkRek esa xksj[kiqj ds vklampikl izpfyr d dgkoramp THORNxkiexclkh dh lHkk esa ugha pyksxsa rks rqEgkjk ngh lM+ tkxkAszlig dk mYys[k fdk gSA g dgkor xkiexclkh dh yksdfizrk rFkk turk dh euksfLFkfr dk vkdyu djus ds fy dkQh gSA MsfoM gkMhZeSu us nsoh vkUnksyu rFkk KkusUnz ikMs us ^fn vlsUMslh vkWQ dkaxzsl bu w-ih- esa ekSf[kd rduhd oa LFkkuh ijEijkvksa dk izksx fdk gSA ekSf[kd rduhd dk izksx izeq[k i ls vesfjdk esa vkjEHk fdk xk FkkA Hkkjr esa] iatkc] tiqj] vok vkfn ds bfrgkl ys[ku esa bldk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA tgkiexcl fyf[kr lkexzh iwkZ uk gks ogkiexcl ekSf[kd ijEijk iqy dk dke djrh gSA vCnqy gyhe ^rdquokjj us viuh iqLrd îqjkuk y[kuAring esa bl rduhd dk izksx djds vok ds uokcksa ds le ds y[kuAring ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd oa lkaLd`frd thou dk lqUnj fp=k izLrqr fdk gSA

ekSf[kd ijEijkvksa] dgkorksa vkfn dk lgkjk ysdj xzUFk dks izHkkoiwkZ rFkk vkdrsquokZd rks cukk tk ldrk gS fdUrq izrdquou mRiUu gksrk gS fd g rduhd vius vki esa fdruh oLrqfursquoB gS Dkasfd bldh lRrk dh tkiexclp lEHko ugaha gSA ftlds dkjk oSKkfud bfrgkl ampys[ku dh ckr d liuk jg tkrh gSA mijksDr lHkh i)frkiexcl ftudks vHkh rd Hkkjrh bfrgklampys[ku esa viukk xk k viukk tk jgk gS vius vki esa iwkZ oSKkfud rFkk oLrqfursquoB ugha gS Dksasfd ftu i)frksa dks Hkh viukk xk os k rks fdlh dkjk dk ifjkke Hkh vFkok ifrdquope lHrk dh nsu ftuls bfrgkl rks cu ldrk gS exj oSKkfud bfrgkl ughaA Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa rks uohu oa fursquoik lksp gh dkjxj gks ldrh gS tks fcuk fdlh izHkko ds



26


vckk xfr ls vkxs clt+ ldsA loky fQj ogh mRiUu gksrk gS fd Hkkjrh bfrgkl dks fQj fdl i)fr vFkok n`frsquoVdksk ls fy[kk tksa Dksafd Hkkjrh bfrgkl ys[ku esa ftrus Hkh izksx fds xs dksbZ Hkh oSKkfud dlkSVh ij [kjk ugha mrjkA lR rks gh gS fd bfrgkl dks foKku ugha cukk tk ldrk] bfrgkl dks bfrgkl ds n`frsquoVdksk ls gh vkxs clt+krs jgsa] ku dsoy bruk j[kuk gS fd ys[kd dk viuk OfaumlrRo mlesa uk vk tk vFkok ys[kd fdlh ds ncko esa dkZ uk djds izkIr vkadM+ksa rFkk kVukvksa dks fursquoik rjhds ls laikfnr oa fordquoysfrsquokr djsaA fn mls viuk n`frsquoVdksk izLrqr Hkh djuk gS rks mldks i`Fkd ls LFkkfir djus dk izkokku gksA bfrgkl dks fursquoik rFkk oSKkfud cukus ds izkl esa mldks bruk uhjl uk cuk fnk tk fd ikBd oxZ mlls nwj gks tkA Dkasfd ekDlZoknh n`frsquoVdksk ls fy[kk xk bfrgkl bruh vfp mRiUu dj nsrk gS fd bfrgkl ds ikBd dks bfrgkl ls ihNk NqM+kuk iM+rk gSA blfys esjk ekuuk gS fd bfrgkl bfrgkl ds fy gh fy[kk tk uk fd Kku ds fyA Dksfd bfrgkl dh kkjk vfeV gS mls ifjofrZr ugha fdk tk ldrk vkSj u gh mlls NsM+NkM+ dh tk ldrh gS vUFkk lHrk vkSj laLd`fr ds fys ifjkke kkrd gh gksxsaA

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amp

1- lSOslashsM cqd vkWQ bZLV] Hkkx 1 [kM amp 1- vkeq[ki- XI

2- fey] tsElamp nh fgLVordfh vkWQ fczfVrdquok bfMk] yUnu] 1820] i`- 57

3- ogh 4- lksukVZ amp dkLV bu bfMk] yUnu 1930 iq-

198amp212 5- fLeFk folasV -amp vyhZ fgLVordfh vkWQ bfMk]

vkDlQksMZ 1908] i`- 128 6- ogha 7- ldquokekZ- vkj-l-^ bfMu QwMsfyTe] dydRrk]

1965 i`- 116 8- vklt+k] th-y-amp vyhZ bfMu bdkukWfeDl] cEcbZ]

1996 vk III 9- jkfylu] y-th-amp bUVj dkslZ fcVfou bfMk

V osLVuZ oYMZ] yUnu] 1916] i`- 109amp110 10- nRr] vkj]lh] amp n bdksukWfed fgLVordfh vkWQ bfMk

vMj vyhZ fczfVrdquok y fnYyh] 1960] i- 203 11- dydRrk fjOw amp ftYn 35] 1887] i`- 266 12- vcedilaxj] l-ds-ampafrdquokaV bfMk] i- 158amp191 13- tkloky] ds-ih-amp fgUnw jktrU=] dydRrk] 1924]

i`- 366 14- ogh 15- ekMZu fjOw] [kM 11] 1907 i`0 346] fyfeVsM

eksukdhZ bu afrdquokaV bfMk] 16- eqdthZ] vkj-ds-amp yksdy] xoZuesV bu afrdquokaV

bfMk] vkWDlQksMZ] 1920] i`- 58 17- etqenkj] vkj- lh-amp dkiksZjsV ykbQ bu afrdquokaV

bfMk] dydRrk] 1966 i`- 22 18- eq[kthZ] vkj-ds- amp bfMk frdquokfiax M eSfjVkbe

bu fDVohfV] vkWDlQksMZ] 1992] i`- 102 19- ikBd] oh-lamp afrdquokaV fgLVksfjal vkWQ bfMk]

ckWEcs] 1966] i`- 55]70 20- pUnz] fofiu amp Hkkjr dk LorU=rk lakrsquokZ] fnYyh]

2003] i`0 XXII

21- xqgk jkthramp lcvkYVZu LVMht]---------1-IVfrac14vks-w-ih-frac12 Hkwfedk] ubZ fnYyhamp 1982amp1986

22- ogha i`- 3 23- pUnzk] fofiuamp i- Hkwfedk ls



27


6

Xokfyj ftys ds iZVu LFky xzkehk jkstxkj esa lgkdXokfyj ftys ds iZVu LFky xzkehk jkstxkj esa lgkdXokfyj ftys ds iZVu LFky xzkehk jkstxkj esa lgkdXokfyj ftys ds iZVu LFky xzkehk jkstxkj esa lgkd

MkWMkWMkWMkW---- frac14Jherhfrac12 olqkk vxzokyfrac14Jherhfrac12 olqkk vxzokyfrac14Jherhfrac12 olqkk vxzokyfrac14Jherhfrac12 olqkk vxzoky izkkid oa foHkkxkk frac14vFkZkkL=frac12

MkW- Hkxor lgk kk- egkfo|ky] Xokfyj

ccedilLrkouk amp ccedilLrkouk amp ccedilLrkouk amp ccedilLrkouk amp

izkphudky ls gh k=k Hkzek oa kkfeZd k=k gekjh laLd`fr esa lekfgr gSA Dksafd iZVu Hkkjrh ijaijk dk d fgLlk jgk gSA Hkkjrh pfj= ds mRFkku esa lgkd gS k=k] Hkzek oa kkfeZd nrdquokZu ds eke ls ifrdquope dh lHrk dk leUo gqvk gSA dksyEcl] okLdksfMxkek] bCucrwrk Qkg~ku] vxLr eqfu] egkohj Lokeh vkfn us vius amp vius nsrdquok ds jkrsquoVordfh oa varjkZrsquoVordfh pfj= ds fuekZk esa lgkd gqs gSaA gka dk vkdrsquokZk vyx amp vyx yksxkas ds fys vyx vyx dkjkksa ls jgk gSA

fortuksa dks xwlt+ vkRe oa nrdquokZu ls izHkkfor fdkA izmdashfrizsfeksa dks gka dh fgekPNkfnr ioZr Jsfkkiexcl] ty izikr dh eueksgd lqanjrk us vkdfrsquokZr fdkA yxHkx bZlk ls gtkjksa orsquokZ iwoZ rd dh k=ksa ekuoh Oogkj dh rjg cnyrh oa pyrh jgrh gSaA rFkk ekuo dks thfor jgus dh gksM+ us k=ksa djus dks ck fdk gSA tc vkStkjksa o vkx dh [kkst gqbZ rc ekuo vius fys LFkkh vkokl cukus esa lke gqvkA bu lHkh fOslashkdykiksa us ekuo dh k=kvksa dks clt+kk gSA vkStkjksa dk izksx dj cM+h amp cM+h ukosa cuha] ftlds ifjkkeLoIk fordquoo ns[kus o k=k djus dh izo`fRr clt+hA lqesfjuksa kjk bZlk ls 3500 orsquokZ iwoZ esa eqnzk dh [kkst o mlds izksx ls k=k ds vkkqfud LoIk dh [kkst gqbZA k=kvksa us ekuo dks viuh vksj vkdfrsquokZr fdk gSA ml le dh k=ksa lakrsquokZ iwkZ gksrh FkhaA

izkphudky esa g k=ksa Okikj o kkfeZd izo`fRr dh gksrh FkhaA bl gsrq k=h egRokdkakh gksrs Fks tks nwjLFk LFkkuksa dh k=ksa djrs FksA fnrdquokk lwpd a= o us jkLrksa dh [kkst us k=kvksa ds ks= esa uh Oslashkafr yk nhA ftlls Okikj oa okfkT ds lkFk amp lkFk Okikfjd fjrdquors lkaLmdashfrd fjrdquorksa esa cnyus yxsA vkSj ekuo d nwljs ds jgu amp lgu ds rjhdksa dks legtus yxkA khjs amp khjs Hkkjr us fordquooHkj ds kf=ksa dks viuh vksj vkdfrsquokZr fdkA ftlesa xzhd ldquokkld fldanj egku] iqrZxkyh k=h okLdksfMxkek vkSj dbZ fonsrdquokh] vjch] wjksih kf=ksa dks viuh vksj vkdfrsquokZr fdkA ftlls Hkkjr dh Okikfjd lq[k lqfokkvksa esa o`f) gqbZA

eqxhu le esa iZVu oa keZ esa vVwV lacak LFkkfir gqsA Hkkjr esa eB] eafnj] riksou o vkJeksa dk fuekZk gqvkA lkFk gh jktiwr jktkvksa us egyksa] fdyksa o kkfeZd LFkyksa dk fuekZk djkkA ftlls Hkkjrh iZVu dk fodkl gqvkA izkphu Hkkjrh iZVu dh gtyd dkSfVY ds vFkZrdquokkL= eas fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA phuh k=h Qkg~ku ] panzxqIr ds ldquokkludky esa 399 bZ- esa Hkkjr vkk mldh k=k dk mn~nsrdquo ckS) keZ xzaFkksa dk vu djuk FkkA mlus rkfrdquokyk] dUUkkSt] vksk] dqrdquokhuxj] oSrdquokkyh] ikVfyiq= vkfn dh k=ksa dhaA lezkV grsquokZokZUk ds ldquokkludky esa phuh k=h Ogsulkax 629 bZ- esa Hkkjr vkkA mlus drdquoehj] iatkc] dfiyoLrq] ckskxk] cukjl rFkk dqrdquokhuxj dh k=ksa dhaA 1030 esa vycuh Hkkjr vkk mlds lkFk amp lkFk phu] dksfjk] frCcr] tkiku rFkk Jhyadk vkfn nsrdquokksa ds dbZ fo|kFkhZ fo|kvtZu djus



28


Hkkjr vksA Dksafd izkphudky oa edky esa Hkkjr frdquokkk dk cgqr cM+k dsUnz jgk gSA khjs amp khjs Hkkjr Okikfjd dsUnz ds i esa fodflr gksus yxkA ifrdquope ds fudV vkus ij wjksih yksxksa us iZVu dh n`frsquoV ls Hkkjr dh k=ksa izkjaHk dhA leqnzh ekxksaZa dh [kkst ds lkFk amp lkFk Yacutekal] uhnjySM] fczVsu] iqrZxky ds kf=ksa us bldk ykHk mBkkA

fodklrdquokhy vFkZOoLFkk esa iZVu m|ksx ds fodkl ds fys lkekU jkrsquoVordfh kstukvksa o laqDr dkZOslasheksa dh cgqr gh tjr gSA jkrsquoVordfh kstuk us iZVu dh ewyHkwr lajpuk o lkkkjk lsokvksa dh ykxr ds varj dks ku esa j[kk tkrk gS rFkk lkFk gh vUosrsquokkksa] losZkkksa o mRiknu ds ewYkaduksa ds kjk fofukstu dh nj o vk dks LirsquoV fdk tkrk gSA iZVu d Okikj gh ugha gS cfYd blds varxZr cgqr ls m|ksx o dfBu fOslashksa Hkh ldquokkfey gSaA d mfpr izksxkRed dkZOslashe cukus rFkk fofukstdkas] LFkkuh yksxksa] jkT oa iZVdksa dks blds ykxw djus gsrq blesa layXu fofHkUu vaxksa o rRoksa dk ewYkadu djuk cgqr gh tjh gSA

iZVu d m|ksx cu xk gS vkSj bldk vkfFkZd egRo cgqr vfkd gSA chloha lnh ds mRrjk)Z ds le iZVu dh igpku vkfFkZd fodkl ds m|ksx ds i esa gksus yxhA iZVu ls jkstxkj dk l`tu gksrk gS] fonsrdquokh eqnzk vftZr gksrh gS rFkk fordquoo ds lHkh nsrdquokksa ds e lkeatL LFkkfir gksrk gSA Hkkjr us iZVu dks m|ksx dk ntkZ ikapoha iaporsquokhZ kstuk esa iznku fdkA iZVu dk vkfFkZd ks= ds rgr jkstxkj] vk] fonsrdquokh eqnzk dh izkfIr rFkk fodkl vkfn ldquokkfey gSaA

vkt iZVu ds vkkeksa esa rsth ls ifjorZu gks jgk gSA lkewfgd iZVu dh lqfokkvksa oa vkokxeu ds rhoz lkkuksa ds fodkl ds dkjk iZVu dk egRo vkSj Hkh clt+ xk gSA vkkqfud iZVd lq[kn tyokq] kwfir leqnzrVksa] izkmdashfrd n`rdquoksa] sfrgkfld LFkyksa]

dykohfFkdkvksa oa laxzgkykksa rFkk lkgfld iZVu esa vfkd fp ysus yxs gSaA bl n`frsquoV ls gekjs nsrdquok esa iZVu dh vikj laHkkouksa gSaA dqN yksx ekurs gSa fd iZVu d Lopkfyr izfOslashk gS fdUrq g okLrfodrk ls ijs gSA iZVu ds fodkl ds fys ge lqfuksftr izkl djsa rFkk uh uhfrkiexcl fukkZfjr djsaA iZVu ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd o lkaLmdashfrd egRo dks legtsaA vkt nsrdquok dks iZVdksa dk LoxZ cukus dh vfr vkordquodrk gSA slk djus ij gh iZVu dks fodkl dh izfOslashk ds lkFk tksM+ dj ge vius fys fodkl dk ekxZ izrdquokLr dj ldrs gSaA

kksk lajpuk amp kksk lajpuk amp kksk lajpuk amp kksk lajpuk amp

kksk dk okLro esa vFkZ ^[kkst djuk gSA^ ] blds kjk izRsd ks= esa Kku izkIr fdk tk ldrk gSA kksk izfOslashk izRsd fok esa dh tk jgh gSA vki vFkZkkL=] lektkkL=] oa jktuhfrkkL= lHkh ks=ksa esa kksk fdk tkrk gS ftlls ml fok dh xgurk dk irk pyrk gSA

blesa kkskkFkhZ kjk e iznsk ds 50 ftyksa esa ls d ftyk Xokfyj ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa IkZVu dk ksxnku dk vu djuk gSA lkFk gh lkFk Xokfyj esa IkZVu fodkl dks clt+kus esa lgkd rRoksa ds ksxnku ij Hkh foLr`r vu djuk gSA IkZVu dk vkfFkZd oa lkekftd fodkl esa Dk ksxnku gks ldrk gSA rFkk fn IkZVu dks clt+kok fnk tks rks gekjs nsrdquok oa ks= fordquoksrsquok esa jkstxkj dh vikj laHkkoukvksa dks rykrdquokk tk ldrk gS tks vkfFkZd fodkl ds fys vfkd miksxh gSA

izRsd ekuoh izkl ds ewy esa dksbZ u dksbZ izkstu k mn~ns vo fufgr gksrk gSA lkekftd kksk Hkh d slk gh izkl gS ftldk mn~ns lkekftd kVukvksa ij vkkkfjr rFksa dk ladyu djuk] foyskk djuk] fuopZu djuk] lkekUhdjk rFkk fueksa dk izfriknu djuk gSA



29


kksk dk mn~ns Xokfyj ftys esa IkZVu dks izksRlkfgr oa grksRlkfgr djus okys dkjdksa dh [kkst djuk oa mldk mfpr lekkku djuk ftlls IkZVu m|ksx Hkh vU m|ksxksa dh rjg gh fodkl esa viuh leku Hkkxhnkjh vnk dj ldsA Xokfyj ftys dh vFkZOoLFkk esa IkZVu dk fodkl oa mlls izkIr gksus okyh vk ls LirsquoV gksrk gS fd fn bl ks= eas FkksM+k vkSj lqkkj fdk tks rks g ks= tYnh gh fodkl dh pje lhek ij gksxk vkSj Xokfyj dh uke Hkh IkZVu ds ks= esa jkrsquoVordfh oa vrajkZrsquoVordfh IkZVd LFkyksa ds Ik esa fordquoksrsquok [kfr izkIr dj ldrk gSA kksk vu dk ks= e iznsk jkT dk ftyk Xokfyj gSA Xokfyj cgqr izkphu le ls d IkZVd LFky ds fordquoksrsquok Ik esa gh fodflr gqvk gSA Xokfyj ftys dh lHrk d uxjh lHrk gS tks IkZVdkas dks gka IkZVu ds fys izsfjr djrh gSA IkZVdksa dks vkus okyh leLkvksa oa muds lekkku gsrq lqgtko nsuk Hkh ldquokksk dkZ dk d izeq[k fgLlk gSA

lead ladyu lead ladyu lead ladyu lead ladyu ampampampamp

lead nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa amp izkFkfed lead oa frhd leadA izkFkfed lead og lead gksrs gSa ftudk ladyu Loa kkskkFkhZ ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA kkskkFkhZ kksk ds y] vkdkj] oa Loi ds vkkkj ij leadksa dks df=r djrk gSA igyh ckj ladfyr gksus ds dkjk bu leadksa dks izkFkfed lead dgrs gSaA frhd lead og lead gksrs gSa ftudks igys gh fdlh OfDr k laLFkk kjk df=r fdk xk gS rFkk lkaf[dh jhfrksa dk mu ij izksx fdk tk pqdk gSA tc dksbZ kkskkFkhZ bu leadksa dk izksx vius kksk dkZ esa djrk gS rks g mlds fy frhd lead frhd gksxsaA

kksk ds mn~nsksa dks ysdj tks lead df=r fds tkrs gSa os brus vOofLFkr oa fokky gksrs gSa fd mUgsa vklkuh ls legtuk oa muls dksbZ fudkZ fudkyuk yxHkx vlaHko gksrk gSA blfy g vkod gS fd bu

leadksa dks ljy oa fufpr Loi iznku fdk tk ftlls mudks legtdj muls vklkuh ls fudkZ izkIr fd tk ldsA leadksa ds ladyu ds ckn esa vxyk pjk gksrk gS oxhZdjk oa lkjkhuA ladfyr leadksa dks xqk] LoHkko] o izNtildefr dh lekurk ds vkkkj ij fHkUu fHkUu oxksaZ esa foHkkftr djus ds izfOslashk dks leadksa dk oxhZdjk dgrs gSaA lkjkhu esa leadksa dks [kkuksa vkSj ifDrksa ds i esa Oslashec) OoLFkk gSA blds eke ls oxhZNtilder lkexzh dks ljy i esa izLrqr fdk tk ldrk gSA lkjkhu ladfyr vkSj oxhZNtilder leadksa dks Oslashec) oa lqOofLFkr lt+ax ls bl izdkj iznfkZr djus dh izfOslashk gS] ftlesa mUgsa rqyuh cukk tk lds vkSj muds ykkkas dks iznfkZr fdk tk ldsA

IkZVu dk ks= oa mldk LoIkIkZVu dk ks= oa mldk LoIkIkZVu dk ks= oa mldk LoIkIkZVu dk ks= oa mldk LoIk

iZVu ldquokCn ds varxZr os leLr Okikfjd fOslashksa lfEefyr gSa tks fd kf=ksa dh vkordquorkvksa dh iwfrZ djrh gSA fdlh Hkh k=k dk iZVu ls lEidZ LFkkfir gks tkrk gS vxj og fuEu ldquokrsZa iwjh djrh gks amp

bull k=k vLFkkbZ gksA bull k=k sfPNd gksA bull k=k dk vFkZ fdlh izdkj dk

ikfjJfed izkIr djuk ugha gksuk pkfgsA

laLmdashr lkfgR esa iZVu ds fys rhu ldquokCnksa dk izksx fdk xk gS ftu lcdk mn~xe îZVu^ ls gqvk gSA iZVu dk vFkZ gS amp vius fuokl LFkku dks NksM+dj dgha ckgj tkukA s rhu ldquokCn fuEu gSa amp

bull iZVu ampiZVu ampiZVu ampiZVu amp bldk vFkZ gS vkjke oa Kku izkfIr ds fys k=k djukA

bull nsrdquokkVu ampnsrdquokkVu ampnsrdquokkVu ampnsrdquokkVu amp fonsrdquokksa esa eq[r vkfFkZd ykHk ds fys k=k djukA

bull rhFkrhFkrhFkrhFkkZVu ampkZVu ampkZVu ampkZVu amp kkfeZd Kku izkfIRk gsrq k=k djukA

iZVu ds izdkj ampiZVu ds izdkj ampiZVu ds izdkj ampiZVu ds izdkj amp



30


iZVu eq[r lkr izdkj dk gksrk gS ftudk foojk fuEu fcUnqvksa ds eke ls fdk tk jgk gS amp

1111---- kkfeZd iZVu amp kkfeZd iZVu amp kkfeZd iZVu amp kkfeZd iZVu amp gekjs nsrdquok esa kkfeZd iZVu viuh vge Hkwfedk vnk dj jgk gSA nsrdquok esa lcls vfkd kkfeZd IkZVUk ls jkstxkj l`tu gks jgk gSA nsrdquokh IkZVUk rks viuh kkfeZd Hkkoukvksa ds kkfeZd LFkyksa ij ldquokkafr dh rykrdquok esa vk jgs gSaA vr fonsrdquokh IkZVdksa dks bl vksj vkdfrsquokZr djus ds fys vkSj vfkd lqfokkvksa dks clt+kus dh vkordquodrk gSA

2222---- sfrgkfld sfrgkfld sfrgkfld sfrgkfld iZVu amp iZVu amp iZVu amp iZVu amp kkfeZd IkZVu ds ckn sfrgkfld IkZVu dh mUufr dh Hkjiwj laHkkouksa gSaA nsrdquok esa sfrgkfld LFkyksa dk vHkko ugha gS] ijUrq muds j[kj[kko dk mfpr izcak u gksus ds dkjk mudk lakjk gksus yxk gSA dsUnzh ljdkj us bl ckr dks ku esa j[krs gqs jkrsquoVordfh egRo ds Lekjdksa ds j[kj[kko ds fys wusLdksa dh flQkfjrdquokksa ds vkkkj ij tkiku cSad vkWQ bVjusrdquokuy dkWijsrdquoku ls vkfFkZd enn ysus dk fukZ fdk gSA blds varxZr egkjkrsquoVordf o eiznsrdquok jkTksa dks tkiku ls lgkrk izkIr gks jgh gSA

rkfydk Oslashekad amp 1rkfydk Oslashekad amp 1rkfydk Oslashekad amp 1rkfydk Oslashekad amp 1 iiiiZVu izdkjZVu izdkjZVu izdkjZVu izdkj

Oslashekad dkjk iZVu dk izfrkr

01 kweus fQjus gsrq 58-90 02 Oolk gsrq 23-40 03 nksLrksa oa lacafkksa

ls feyus gsrq 5-30

04 vu gsrq 4-30 05 rhFkZ k=k gsrq 3-00 06 vU dkjkksa gsrq 5-10

dqy ksx 100-00 L=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksramp okfkZd fjiksVZ amp 2013 oa csolkbV

3333---- lkaLlkaLlkaLlkaLmdashmdashmdashmdashfrd iZVu amp frd iZVu amp frd iZVu amp frd iZVu amp IkZVu ds ekeys es dsjy us us vuqizksx djus dh n`frsquoV ls vU jkTksa ls dkQh vkxs gSA dsjy esa eq[

i ls vkqosZn vkSj vU Hkkjrh fpfdRlk i)frksa dh enn ls vius gka LokLF IkZVu dk lQYk izksx fdk gSA dsjy es dbZ LFkkuksa ij fonsrdquokh IkZVdksa dks ogka ds Oatu cukuk Hkh fl[kkk tkrk gSA bl izdkj ds dkksZa ls Hkforsquo esa vkrdquokk dh tk jgh gS fd vU jkT Hkh dsjy ds uDrdquoks dne ij pydj fodkl vordquo djsaxsaA

4444---- ikZojkh iZVu amp ikZojkh iZVu amp ikZojkh iZVu amp ikZojkh iZVu amp bZdks VwfjTe ds fygkt ls flfDde lcls miZDr LFkku gSA flfDde viuh lkaLmdashfrd vkSj izkmdashfrd fofokrk ds dkjk cgqr rsth ls izflf) izkIr dj jgk gSA gka vkus okys Hkkjrh iZVdksa dh la[k izfrorsquokZ nks yk[k vkSj fonsrdquokh IkZVdksa dh la[k ckjg gtkj gSA gka fordquoksrsquok i ls frrfyksa dk fofokrk dk laxe ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

5555---- lkgfld iZVu amplkgfld iZVu amplkgfld iZVu amplkgfld iZVu amp lkgfld IkZVu fonsrdquokh IkZVdksa dks viuh vksj vkdfrsquokZr djus dk d vPNk lkku cu ldrk gS] ijUrq nsrdquok esa lkgfld IkZVu dks clt+kok ugha fey ik jgk gSA lkgfld IkZVu esa ioZrkjksgk] Vordfsfdax] iSjkXykbfMax] oU thotUrqvkas okys vHkkjksa rFkk taxyksa dh lSj vkfn Hkh izeq[k gSA blds fys mRrjkapy] fgeky] iwoksZRrj jkTksa esa IkkZIr laHkkouksa ekStwn gSaA

6666---- lkeqfnzd frac14Oslashwtfrac12 iZVu amp lkeqfnzd frac14Oslashwtfrac12 iZVu amp lkeqfnzd frac14Oslashwtfrac12 iZVu amp lkeqfnzd frac14Oslashwtfrac12 iZVu amp Hkkjr ds fordquokky leqnzh rVksa vkSj mlds vklikl izkmdashfrd lkSanZ ls Hkjiwj LFkyksa dh vksj nsrdquokh amp fonsrdquokh IkZVdksa dks vkdfrsquokZr djus ds fys lkeqfnzd IkZVu dks fodflr fdk tksxkA blds varxZr loZlqfokkvksa ls qDr NksV amp NksVs tgktksa ds csMs+ rSkj fds tkus dh kstuk gS s csM+s IkZVdksa dks Hkkjr ds uSlfxZd lkSanZ dk nrdquokZu djksaxsaA

7777---- fpfdRlk iZVu ampfpfdRlk iZVu ampfpfdRlk iZVu ampfpfdRlk iZVu amp iwoZ jkrsquoVordfifr MkW- -ih-ts- vCnqy dyke fpfdRlk IkZVu dks clt+kok nsus ds ik esa Fks mudk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkkjr dh vkqosZfnd fpfdRlk i)fr] ksx vkSj foKku dk rkyesy yksxksa ds thou esa vkuan Hkj ldrk gSA vkt ds dqN orsquokZ igys rd yksx LokLF IkZVu ldquokCn ls vutku Fks] ijUrq vkt g ppkZ esa gS



31


fd fpfdRlk IkZVu d slk ks= gS tks Lor fodflr gks jgk gSA bykt lLrk gksus ds dkjk iM+ksLkh nsrdquokksa lfgr vejhdk] fczVsu ls Hkh yksx bykt djkus Hkkjr vk jgs gSaA

Xokfyj esaXokfyj esaXokfyj esaXokfyj esa IkZVuIkZVuIkZVuIkZVu oa oa oa oa IkZVd LFky IkZVd LFky IkZVd LFky IkZVd LFky ampampampamp

eiznsrdquok esa fLFkr Xokfyj fofHkUu izdkj ds egy] eafnj vkSj Lekjdksa ds fys izfl) gSA bl ldquokgj dks flafkk jktkvksa us viuh jktkkuh cukk FkkA gka ds izeq[k sfrgkfld oLrqvksa ij jktiwr jktoardquokksa fordquoksrsquokdj izfrgkj] rksej ] dNokgk vkfn ds ldquokkludky dh gtyd fn[kykh iM+rh gSA vusd jktiwr jktoardquokksa izfrgkj] dNokgk vkSj rksej jktkvksa us egyksa] eafnjksa vkSj Lekjdksa ds bl ldquokgj ij vius ldquokklu dh vfeV Nki NksM+hA Xokfyj dk bfrgkl vkBoha ldquokrhCnh ds d fdaonarh esa ofkZr gS ftlds vuqlkj jktk lwjlsu uke dk d eqf[kk fdlh tkuysok chekjh ls ihfM+r gks xkA mldk mipkj d lUklh Xokfyi us fdk vkSj jktk lwjlsu ds jksxeqDr gksus ds mijkUr mUgksus viuh mdashrKrk izdV djus ds fys d uxj clkk ftldk uke ml lUklh ds uke ij j[k fnkA flafkk jktkvksa dh jktkkuh ds i esa Xokfyj dks fordquoksrsquok izflf) feyhA gka ij mudh ohjrk ds i esa d nqxZ fo|eku gS tks vkt laiwkZ Hkkjr esa fdyksa ds fljekSj ds i esa tkuk tkrk gSA eqxydky esa nsrdquokOkih izflf) izkIr djus okys egku laxhrK lezkV rkulsu dh lekfk Hkh gha cuh gqbZ gSA Xokfyj vc iwjh rjg d vkkqfud Hkkjrh uxj dk i ys pqdk gSA tgka lc rjg dh xfrfofkkiexcl oa pgy amp igy ns[kh tk ldrh gSA

rkfydk Oslashekad amp 2rkfydk Oslashekad amp 2rkfydk Oslashekad amp 2rkfydk Oslashekad amp 2 e iznsk esa nskh oa fonskh iZVdksa dh la[k e iznsk esa nskh oa fonskh iZVdksa dh la[k e iznsk esa nskh oa fonskh iZVdksa dh la[k e iznsk esa nskh oa fonskh iZVdksa dh la[k

okZokjokZokjokZokjokZokj OslashekadOslashekadOslashekadOslashekad okZ okZ okZ okZ iZVdksa dh la[kiZVdksa dh la[kiZVdksa dh la[kiZVdksa dh la[k 01 2007 14128704 02 2008 22340660 03 2009 23307025

04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256

L=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksramp iZVu fodkl fuxe] Hkksiky

Xokfyj ftyk IkZVu dh n`frsquoV ls vRar le`) gSA Xokfyj ldquokgj lfnksa ls vusd jktoardquokksa dk vkJ LFky jgk gSA vkSj jktoardquok ds ldquokkludky esa ldquokgj esa us vkke tqM+s gSaA gka ds ks)k] jktkvk]sa dfoksa] laxhrdkjksa] vkSj egkRekvksa us vius ksxnku ls bl ldquokgj dks vfkdkfkd lef) vkSj lEiUuoknh cukk ftl dkjk ls g ldquokgj lkjs nsrdquok esa vkt [kfr izkIr ldquokgjksa esa ldquokqekj gksrk gSA vkt g thou dh gypy vkSj Lianu ls vksrizksr d vkkqfud Hkkjrh uxj gSA

1111----xwtjh egyxwtjh egyxwtjh egyxwtjh egy amp

g egy Xokfyj kkVh ds uhps vkSj cknyxlt+ ds lehi gh gSA Xokfyj nqxZ ds iwohZ kj ds fudV xwtjh egy fLFkr gSA g egy vRfkd lqanj vkSj xqykch iRFkj ls fufeZr gSA g LFkkiR dyk dk d vuqie uewuk gSA bl egy dk fuekZk jktk ekuflag us viuh fizk jkuh e`xuuh ds fys djkk FkkA g jkuh xqtZj tkfr dh Fkh blfys bl egy dk uke xwtjh egy j[kk xkA

orZeku le esa xwtjh egy esa eiznsrdquok iqjkrRo foHkkx dh vksj ls d iqjkrRo laxzgky gSA Lo- ekkojko flafkk us 1920 esa lHkh iqjkrRoh oLrqvksa dks oxhZmdashr oa dhmdashr dj xwtjh egy dks laxzgky dk Ik iznku djus dk fukZ fykA laxzgky eq[r iqjkrRoh LoIk dk gS vkSj blesa laxzghr ewfrZkiexcl] ikrsquokkk LraHkksa] ldquokhrsquokksaZ] idkbZ gqbZ feV~Vh dh oLrqvksa] izLrj ys[kksa vkSj rkezi=ksa] mRdhkZ eqnzkvksa vkSj jktiwr rFkk eqxydkyhu fp=ksa dk lekosrdquok gSA bl laxzgky esa laxzghr ldquokkyHkaftdk o uanh dh izfreksa izfl) gSaA bl laxzgky dh vusd izfreksa fonsrdquokksa dh iznrdquokZuh esa Hksth tkrh gSaA



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2222---- ekueekueekueekueafnjafnjafnjafnj amp

ekueafnj jktk ekuflag dh LFkkiR dyk dk vuqie mnkgjk gSA lu~ 1486 bZ- ds yxHkx Xokfyj nqxZ oSHko oa mUufr ds pje frdquok[kj ij igqapk gqvk dgk tk ldrk gSA bl dky esa nqxZ ij LFkkiR dyk dh n`frsquoV ls lqanjre Hkouksa dk fuekZk gqvkA ekueafnj mlh dky dh vuqie LFkkiR dh dykmdashfr gSA bldh d fordquoksrsquokrk ckg~ vyadjk dh Hkh gS tks uhyh VkbYlksa ls lqlfTtr gSA ekueafnj ds lkSanZ dh bfrgkldkjksa us Hkh eqDrdaB ls izrdquokalk dh gSA izfl) bfrgkldkj QxZlu us ekueaafnj dks Hkkjr ds izkjafHkd dky esa fufeZr fgUnw izklknksa esa vRar HkO oa vkdrsquokZd mnkgjk ekuk gSA bl egy dk izosrdquok kj cgqr NksVk gS ekueafnj esa nks [kqys pkSd gSaA izFke pkSd ds ifrdquopeh Hkkx esa d cgqr cM+k dk gS ftlds pkjksa vksj iRFkj dks dkVdj lqanj tkfykiexcl cukh gSaA blesa urZfdksa dh u`R eqnzk dks mdsjk xk gSA bldh Nr dk fZMtkbu vRfkd lqanj oa dykiwkZ gSA dgk tkrk gS fd tc jktk ekuflag ls dksbZ fordquoksrsquok OfDr HksaV djus vkrk Fkk rks mldk Lokxr blh dk esa fdk tkrk FkkA

3333---- lkl amp cgw dk eafnjlkl amp cgw dk eafnjlkl amp cgw dk eafnjlkl amp cgw dk eafnj amp

Xokfyj nqxZ dh iwoZ fnrdquokk esa lgL=ckgq ds eafnj fLFkr gSaA orZeku le esa viHkzardquok lacksku ds dkjk bls lkl cgw ds eafnj ds uke ls tkuk tkus yxk gSA edkyhu bekjrksa esa g vRfkd izfl) gSA lkl cgw dk eafnj forsquokq eafnj gSA bl eafnj dk fuekZk dNokg jktiwr efgiky us 1093 bZ- esa iwkZ djkkA g eafnj 32 ehVj yack rFkk 22 ehVj pkSM+k gSA eafnj ds e esa d fordquokky osnh gS] blds rhu vksj eMi gS rFkk d vksj nsoky gSA eafnj ds e esa d pcwrjk cuk gS tks 9 ehVj yack rFkk 9 ehVj pkSM+k gSA blds pkjksa dksuksa ij d amp d LraHk gS] eafnj ds vkxs dk ckgjh Hkkx rFkk mldk frdquok[kj tks yxHkx 30 ehVj Aringiexclps jgs gksaxs] ursquoV gks xs gSaA LraHkksa ij ewfrZksa

ds vyadjk gSa ldquokkn gh dksbZ slk LFkku ldquoksrsquok gksxk tgka [kqnkbZ dk dkZ u fdk xk gksA

4444---- rsyh dk eafnjrsyh dk eafnjrsyh dk eafnjrsyh dk eafnj amp

nqxZ ds nfkkh Hkkx ds e esa d nrdquokZuh eafnj gS tks izfrgkj jktkvksa kjk fufeZr gSA Xokfyj nqxZ ij fLFkr lHkh izkphu nrdquokZuh eafnjksa oa Hkouksa esa g eafnj lokZfkd Aringiexclpk gSA bldk fuekZk 9oha lnh esa gqvk gSA bldk frdquok[kj nfkk Hkkjr dh nzfok ldquokSyh dk gSA vr bl eafnj esa nzfok rFkk Hkkjrh vkZ ldquokSyh dk feJk gSA bldh AringiexclpkbZ yxHkx 100 QhV gSA

5555----lwjtdqMlwjtdqMlwjtdqMlwjtdqM amp

lwjtdqM d pkSdksj dqM gSA bldk fuekZk NBh ldquokrkCnh esa fdk xk gSA fdaonarh fd vuqlkj Xokfyj nqxZ ds laLFkkid jktk lwjlsu us bl eafnj dk fuekZk djokk FkkA flafkk ldquokkldksa us bldk thkksZ)kj djokdj bls uohu Ik iznku fdkA eafnj ds nfkk esa Jh lwZ Hkxoku dk eafnj gSA e esa guqeku th rFkk mlds IkrdquopkRk~ frdquoko th dk eafnj gSA

6666---- eqgEen xkSl dk edcjkeqgEen xkSl dk edcjkeqgEen xkSl dk edcjkeqgEen xkSl dk edcjk amp

iqjkus Xokfyj uxj ds fudV eqgEen xkSl dk edcjk gSA vQxku jktiqrsquok xkSl eqgEen dk cyqs iRFkj ls fufeZr g Lekjd Hkh vkjafHkd eqxy okLrqdyk dh ldquokSyh ij vkkkfjr gSA bldh tkfykiexcl viuh vuwBh uDdkrdquokh ls nrdquokZdkas dks viuh vksj vkdfrsquokZr dj ysrh gSaA

7777---- rkulsu dk edcjkrkulsu dk edcjkrkulsu dk edcjkrkulsu dk edcjk amp

fgUnqLrkuh ldquokkL=h laxhr ds frdquok[kj iqrsquok rkulsu tks lezkV vdcj ds uojRuksa esa ls d Fks] Xokfyj esa ldquokkafr dh xksn esa lkss gqs gSaA bl egku laxhrdkj dh Le`fr eas fufeZr g Lekjd nrdquokZd ij viuh iqjkrUk ldquokkyhurk dh vfeV Nki NksM+rk gSA g vkjafHkd eqxydkyh okLrqdyk dk uewuk gSA g vc d ek= bekjr gh ugha oju~ Xokfyj dh thou lkaLmdashfrd fojklr dk izrhd gSA gka izfrorsquokZ uoEcj



33


amp fnlEcj esa ml egku laxhrdkj dh kn esa d jkrsquoVordfh laxhr lekjksg dk vkkstu Hkh fdk tkrk gSA tks laxhr izsfeksa ds fys d fordquoksrsquok vkdrsquokZk dk dsUnz gSA

8888---- t foykl egy vkSj laxzgkyt foykl egy vkSj laxzgkyt foykl egy vkSj laxzgkyt foykl egy vkSj laxzgky amp

Tk foykl egy dh ldquokku ldquokkSdr o oSHko vyx gh gSA gka flafkk ifjokj dk vkokl LFkku gSA blds 35 dkksa esa thokthjko flafkk laxzgky gSA vkSj g dejs bruh ldquokkunkj vkSj oSHkoiwkZ thourdquokSyh ls ifjiwkZ gS fd mldks ns[kus ls slk izrhr gksrk gS fd vrhr ltho gks mBrk gksA t foykl egy dk LFkkiR brkoyh ldquokSyh gS ftlesa Vdlu vkSj dksfju okLrq ldquokSyh dk esy gqvk gSA bldh Nr dh lqugyh dlt+kbZ Yacutekal vkSj bVyh dh izkphu HkOrk dkksa ds lkSanZ dks ekuks eq[kkfjr dj nsrs gSaA

gka ds ukkc vkdrsquokZkksa esa pkanh dh d jsYkxkM+h gS] blesa uDdkrdquokhnkj dkap ds dk gSa tks Vscy ij cuh gqbZ iVfjksa ij gh kwers gqs vius esgeku] vfrfFkksa dks Hkkstu vkSj is lkexzh ijksldj mudk Lokxr fdk djrh FkhA gha bVyh dk cuk gqvk dkap dk d HkO ikyuk gS ftlesa izRsd tUekrsquoVeh dks ckymdashlsquok gtwyrs FksA blds vfrfjDr flafkk ifjokj ds iwoZorhZ lnLksa dh vusd OfDrxr Le`frkiexcl vkSj vU lkexzh gka ladfyr gSA flafkk laxzgky oLrqr jktlh oSHko vkSj xfjek ls vksrizksr rRdkyhu Hkkjr dh srdquooZoku laLmdashfr vkSj thourdquokSyh dh vuwBh rLohj izLrqr djrk gSA

9999---- vU nrdquokZuh LFkyvU nrdquokZuh LFkyvU nrdquokZuh LFkyvU nrdquokZuh LFky amp

lwjtdqM ds iwoZ esa nsoh ekrk dk eafnj gS tks yxHkx 12oha lnh esa LFkkfir izrhr gksrk gSA xqkjk nkrk canh NksM+ Xokfyj nqxZ ij flD[kksa ds NBosa xq gjxksfoan flag th dh Le`fr esa fufeZr fdk xk gSA mjokgh kkVh esa [oktk [kkuwu lkgc dh njxkg] eksrh egy] tkth pkSd] N=h cktkj esa flafkk oardquok dh Nf=kiexcl] frkjk ckak] oa lwZ eafnj fordquoksrsquok vkdrsquokZk oa IkZVu ds dsUnz gSaA

iZVu fodkl ls xkaoksa esa jkstxkj ampiZVu fodkl ls xkaoksa esa jkstxkj ampiZVu fodkl ls xkaoksa esa jkstxkj ampiZVu fodkl ls xkaoksa esa jkstxkj amp

Hkkjr nqfuk Hkj esa xkaoksa dh kjrh ds i esa fo[kr gSA bldh vlyh rLohj xkaoksa esa gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fygktk flQZ fonsrdquokh iZVd gh ugha oju~ nsrdquokh iZVd Hkh nsrdquok ds vyx amp vyx izkarksa ls vkdj xkaoksa esa fc[kjh gqbZ lkaLmdashfrd vkSj sfrgkfld fojklr dks utnhd ls ns[kus esa fnypLih j[krs gSaA blls xzkehkksa dh vk esa btkQk rFkk thou Lrj esa lqkkj vkrk gSA ysfdu nqHkkZX ls vc rd gekjh fodkl dh uhfrksa ds dsUnz dsoy ldquokgj gh jgs gSaA blh dkjk ldquokSykfuksa dk vkuk tkuk Hkh dsoy ldquokgj o mlds vklikl ds xzkehk iZVu LFkyksa rd gh lhfer jgk gSA tkudkjh oa ltkapkxr lqfokkvksa ds vHkko esa nsrdquokh oa fonsrdquokh iZVd] iZVu dh n`frsquoV ls le`) xkaoksa dh vksj tk ugha ikrs gSa tks muds vfodflr gksus dh nrdquokk dks ls voxr djkrk gSA

rkfydk Oslashekad amp 3rkfydk Oslashekad amp 3rkfydk Oslashekad amp 3rkfydk Oslashekad amp 3 e iznsk esa iZVu ks= ls izkIr vke iznsk esa iZVu ks= ls izkIr vke iznsk esa iZVu ks= ls izkIr vke iznsk esa iZVu ks= ls izkIr vk

OslashekadOslashekadOslashekadOslashekad okZ okZ okZ okZ vftZr vk frac14djksM+ vftZr vk frac14djksM+ vftZr vk frac14djksM+ vftZr vk frac14djksM+ is esafrac12is esafrac12is esafrac12is esafrac12

01 2007amp08 44-21 02 2008amp09 51-00 03 2009amp10 60-00 04 2010amp11 70-00 05 2011amp12 84-70 06 2012amp13 96-30

iZVu vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj jkstxkj l`tu ds fygkts ls d egRoiwkZ ks= ekuk tkrk gSA nqfuk Hkj esa fonsrdquokh eqnzk vftZr djus okys izeq[k ikap ks=ksa esa iZVu Hkh ldquokkfey gSA kstuk vkksx us bls nsrdquok esa de nk vkSj vdqrdquoky Jfedksa dks jkstxkj iznku djus okyk nwljk lcls cM+k ks= ekuk gSA nsrdquok ds ldy kjsyw mRiknu esa iZVu dh fgLlsnkjh yxHkx Ng Qhlnh gSA iZVu nwjnjkt vkSj fiNM+s ks=ksa esa jkstxkj l`tu vkSj fodkl dk d egRoiwkZ lkku gSA



34


dsUnz ljdkj us fiNys dqN orsquokksZa esa xzkehk iZVu ds fodkl ds fys dbZ dne mBks gSaA xkaoksa ds tuthou] dyk laLdmdashfr vkSj ijaijkvksa dks izpkfjr djus ds edln ls 2002amp03 ls xzkehk iZVu dh kstuk ldquokq dh xh gSA bldk mn~nsrdquo xzkehk gLrfrdquokYi vkSj gFkdjkk m|ksx rFkk izkmdashfrd ifjosrdquok dks Hkh clt+kok nsuk gSA bl kstuk ds rgr 29 jkTksa vkSj dsUnz ldquokkflr iznsrdquokksa esa 186 xzkehk iZVu ifjkstukvksa dks eatwj nh xh gSA blesa ls 56 ifjkstuksa iwoksZRrj jkTksa esa gSaA xzkehk ks=ksa esa iZVu fodkl dh NksVh ifjkstukvksa ds fys ikap yk[k Iks dh dsUnzh lgkrk dk izkokku gSA Xkjgoha iaporsquokhZ kstuk ds nkSjku xzkehk iZVu ds fys 55-40 djksM+ Iks dh jde j[kh xh FkhA ckjgoha iaporsquokhZ kstuk esa xzkehk iZVu lewg ifjkstukvksa dk izkokku fdk xk gSA blds rgr xkaoksa ds lewgksa dks iZVu mRikn ds rkSj ij rSkj fdk tksxkA bl kstuk ds rgr 35 iZVu lewgksa dh igpku dh xh gS tgka ltkapkxr fodkl ds fys ferdquoku ds rkSj ij dkZ fdk tksxkA bu iZVu lewgksa dks ljdkjh o futh Hkkxhnkjh ds vkkkj ij fodflr fdk tksxkA iZVu ea=ky us 12oha kstuk ds rgr 23 gtkj djksM+ Iks dh ekax dh gSA g ku 11oha iaporsquokhZ kstuk ls ikap gtkj 156 djksM+ Iks ds vkcaVu ls 17844 djksM+ Iks vfkd gSA jkrsquoVordfh iZVu lykgdkj ifjrsquokn~ us ekStwnk kstuk esa iZVu fodkl ds fys jkuhfr rSkj dh gSA blds rgr gj jkT esa pkj amp pkj iZVu LFkyksa vkSj nks amp nks lewgksa dh igpku djus ds fys jkrsquoVordfh lykgdkj fuqDr fds xs gSaA

rkfydk Oslashekad amp 4rkfydk Oslashekad amp 4rkfydk Oslashekad amp 4rkfydk Oslashekad amp 4 Hkkjr esa fonskh iZVd vkxeu frac14QVhHkkjr esa fonskh iZVd vkxeu frac14QVhHkkjr esa fonskh iZVd vkxeu frac14QVhHkkjr esa fonskh iZVd vkxeu frac14QVh----frac12 2001 amp frac12 2001 amp frac12 2001 amp frac12 2001 amp

2013201320132013 Oslashekad okZ

Hkkjr esa fonskh iZVd vkxeu frac14fefyu esafrac12

fiNys okZ dh rqyuk esa izfrkr cnyko

01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6

L=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksramp frac141frac12 okZ 2001 ls 2012 ds fy vizoklu Cwjks] Hkkjr ljdkjA frac142frac12 okZ 2013 ds fy iZVd ea=ky] Hkkjr ljdkjA

vc rd fordquoo iZVu m|ksx esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh cgqr de jgh gSA nqfuk Hkj esa iZVu ls gksus okyh vk esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh ek= 5-72 Qhlnh gSA nqfuk Hkj esa iZVdksa dh vkoktkgh esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh flQZ 0-64 Qhlnh gSA ckjgoha kstuk ds nkSjku bls clt+kdj 1 izfrrdquokr djus dk y j[kk xk gS bl y rd igqapus ds fys de ls de 12-4 Qhlnh dh okfrsquokZd of) nj izkIr djuk vkordquod gSA blh ks= esa vxys nks orsquokksZa esa yxHkx 2-5 djksM+ jkstxkj l`ftr djus dk y j[kk xk gSA bl le iZVu ls yxHkx 5 djksM+ yksxksa dks izRk o vizRk Ik ls jkstxkj feyk gqvk gSA blds vxys nks orsquokksZa ckn g vkadM+k 8 djksM+ rd igqapus dh laHkkouk gSA slkspSe kjk fds xs d losZkk ds vuqlkj orsquokZ 2019 rd iZVu ks= dh fodkl nj 8-8 izfrrdquokr gks tksxhA fn g fLFkfr izkIr gksrh gS rks Hkkjr bl fodkl nj ls iZVu ds ks= esa nwljh lcls cM+h rkdr cu tksxkA

jkrsquoVordfh vFkZOoLFkk esa IkZVu dk ksxnkujkrsquoVordfh vFkZOoLFkk esa IkZVu dk ksxnkujkrsquoVordfh vFkZOoLFkk esa IkZVu dk ksxnkujkrsquoVordfh vFkZOoLFkk esa IkZVu dk ksxnku

Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fodkl gsrq viukh xh fukstu izfOslashk ds izkjafHkd pjkksa esa



35


Hkkjrh vFkZOoLFkk esa iZVu ds ksxnku dks rqyukRed Ik ls de egRo fnk xk Dksafd dqN bl izdkj dh kkjkk Hkkjrh uhfr fuekZrkvksa esa kj dj xh Fkh fd iZVu dsoy mPPk oxZ oa vk ds OfDrksa ls lacafkr gksrk gSA vr iZVu dks fukstu dh izfOslashk es izkFkfedrk Oslashe esa uhps j[kk xk ijarq khjs amp khjs iZVu ds fodkl ls izkIr gksus okys lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd ykHkksa dks ns[krs gqs bl fnrdquokk esa xaHkhj izkl fds tkus yxsA gh dkjk gS fd Hkkjr esa iZVu dk fodkl vkSj jkrsquoVordf dh vFkZOoLFkkesa bl ks= dk ksxnku rqyukRed Ik ls de gSA bldk vfHkizk g ugha gS fd Hkkjr esa iZVu ds fodkl ds fys izkl ugha fds xsA oLrqRk Hkkjr esa iZVu dk fodkl d fojkskkHkkl izLrqr djrk gSA nsrdquok esa iZVu dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fys fds xs izklksa ds QyLoIk] voLFkkiuk rFkk lsokvksa ds vikZIr jgus ij Hkh] kjsyw iZVu esa larksrsquokizn lQyrk izkIr gqbZ ijarq varjkZrsquoVordfh iZVu gsrq fds xs izkl vfkd lQy ugha gks ldsA fn fujisk Ik ls ns[kk tks rks g Kkr gksrk gS fd orsquokZ 1950 esa Hkkjr esa yxHkx 17 gtkj varjkZrsquoVordfh iZVd vks rFkk bu iZVdksa us nsrdquok dh vFkZOoLFkk esa dqy 7-7 djksM+ Iks dk ksxnku fdkA bldh rqyuk esa bl orsquokZ 26-4 yk[k varjkZrsquoVordfh iZVd vks vkSj bu iZVdksa us nsrdquok dh vFkZOoLFkk esa dqy 2500 djksM+ Iks dk ksxnku fnkA

tgka rd iZVu kjk fonsrdquokh fofue izkIr djus dk izrdquou gS rks Hkkjr us 1980amp81 esa 117 djksM+ Iks ewY dh fonsrdquokh eqnzk iZVu ls izkIr dh vkSj orsquokZ 1998amp99 esa g jkfrdquok clt+dj 1250-3 djksM+ gks xhA jkrsquoVordfh vk vkSj fonsrdquokh eqnzk vtZu esa varjkZrsquoVordfh iZVu dk g ksxnku fufrdquopr Ik ls mYys[kuh gSA gka g Hkh egRoiwkZ gS fd nsrdquok ds fys fonsrdquokh eqnzk vtZUk esa iZVu m|ksx dk LFkku pkSFkk gSA |fi lalkj ds vusd izeq[k nsrdquokksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh vFkZOoLFkk esa iZVu ks= dk fodkl vkSj ksxnku de izrhr gksrk gS ijarq oYMZ

VwfjTe aM Vsordfoy dkmalfyax us Hkkjr esa iZVu fodkl dh laHkkoukvksa dks ns[krs gqs g vuqeku yxkk Fkk fd orsquokZ 2010 rd ldy kjsyw mRikn esa iZVu fodkl ds vkkkj ij frh LFkku ij LFkkfir gks ldrk gSA

iZVu oa fonsrdquokh eqnzk iZVu oa fonsrdquokh eqnzk iZVu oa fonsrdquokh eqnzk iZVu oa fonsrdquokh eqnzk

iZVdksa ds vkxeu ls foxr dqN orsquokksZa esa fonsrdquokh eqnzk vfkd vftZr gqbZ gSA Hkkjr ij iZVu ds vkfFkZd izHkko lacakh laqDr jkrsquoVordf dh fjiksVZ ds vuqIk iZVd vkxeu esa o`f) gksus ij Hkh MkWyj dh n`frsquoV ls iZVu dh vk esa deh ns[kh xh gSA bl ifjkVuk ds izeq[k vuqekfur dkjk bl izdkj gSa amp foxr orsquokksZa esa Iks dh voewYu dh Aringiexclph nj] ctV] iZVdksa ds vuqikr esa o`f) vkSj cktkj esa fonsrdquokh eqnzk dh dkykcktkjh ds dkjk fjlko vkfnA

rkfydk Oslashekad amp 5rkfydk Oslashekad amp 5rkfydk Oslashekad amp 5rkfydk Oslashekad amp 5 Hkkjr esa iZVu m|ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr Hkkjr esa Hkkjr esa iZVu m|ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr Hkkjr esa Hkkjr esa iZVu m|ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr Hkkjr esa Hkkjr esa iZVu m|ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr Hkkjr esa

iZVu ls fonskh eqnzk vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12iZVu ls fonskh eqnzk vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12iZVu ls fonskh eqnzk vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12iZVu ls fonskh eqnzk vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12 frac14fefyu vesfjdh MkWyj esafrac12 okZamp 2001 amp 2013frac14fefyu vesfjdh MkWyj esafrac12 okZamp 2001 amp 2013frac14fefyu vesfjdh MkWyj esafrac12 okZamp 2001 amp 2013frac14fefyu vesfjdh MkWyj esafrac12 okZamp 2001 amp 2013

OslashekadOslashekadOslashekadOslashekad okZokZokZokZ

Hkkjr esa iZVu ls Hkkjr esa iZVu ls Hkkjr esa iZVu ls Hkkjr esa iZVu ls fonskh eqnzk fonskh eqnzk fonskh eqnzk fonskh eqnzk vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12vkfrac14QbZbZfrac12

frac14fefyu vesfjdh frac14fefyu vesfjdh frac14fefyu vesfjdh frac14fefyu vesfjdh MkWyj esafrac12MkWyj esafrac12MkWyj esafrac12MkWyj esafrac12

fiNys ofiNys ofiNys ofiNys okZ dh kZ dh kZ dh kZ dh rqyuk esa izfrkr rqyuk esa izfrkr rqyuk esa izfrkr rqyuk esa izfrkr

cnykocnykocnykocnyko

01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8

L=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksrampL=ksramp frac141frac12 okZ 2001 ls 2009 ds fy Hkkjrh fjtoZ cSad frac142frac12 okZ 2001] 2011] 2012 oa 2013 ds fy iZVu ea=ky Hkkjr ljdkj



36


iZVu lacafkr vkordquodrkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fys fdlh lkexzh k lsokvksa ds Oslash ewY dks fjlko dgk tkrk gSA fjlko ftruk vfkd gksxk] fonsrdquokh eqnzk dk vtZu mruk de gksxk vkSj de fjlko dk vkrdquok gS vfkd fonsrdquokh eqnzk vtZuA bl rjg fjlko dks de djds fonsrdquokh eqnzk vtZu dks clt+kk tk ldrk gSA g lc iZVu ds izdkj] LoIk vkSj iZVdksa dh Jskh ij fuHkZj djrk gSA rhljh nqfuk ds jkrsquoVordfksa dh ljdkjksa dks bl fjlko dks de djus dh jkuhfr cukuh pkfgs] tks bl rjg gks ldrs gSa] iZVdksa ij dqN izfrcak yxkuk tSls amp mUgs gksVy ds fcyksa dks Hkqxrku vkSj [kjhnnkjh bRkfn ds fys fonsrdquokh eqnzk gh nsuh gksxh] cgqjkrsquoVordfh daifuksa ds fua=k dks jksduk] LFkkuh lalkkuksa dk miksx dj vkkr fodYi rSkj djukA

fudkZ]fudkZ]fudkZ]fudkZ]

fonsrdquokh iZVu ls varjkZrsquoVordfh Okikj dks clt+kok feyrk gSA fonsrdquokh iZVd vkHkwrsquokk rFkk

dherh iRFkj] dkyhu] diM+s ] gLrfrdquokYi vkSj PkeM+s ds cus lkeku [kjhnrs gSaA s fonsrdquokh iZVd vius amp vius jkrsquoVordfksa bu inkFkksZa ds izpkj ds eke Hkh curs gSaA blls fonsrdquokksa esa bu oLrqvksa dh ekax clt+Rkh gS vkSj buds fukZr esa clt+ksRrjh gksrh gSA Hkkjrh gLrfrdquokYi dh JsrsquoB xqkoRrk vkSj iZVdksa ds kjk fordquooHkj esa buds izpkj gksus ls bl ks= dh fukZr laHkkouksa vRfkd clt+ xh gSaA iZVu esa mfpr izcaku ds kjk Hkh vfkd ykHk vftZr ykHk fdk tk ldrk gSA us jkstxkj] vk ds volj iznku dj fonsrdquokh eqnzk vtZu] fiNM+s ks=ksa esa vkkslajpuk dk fodkl] izfrcafkr ks=ksa dks dqN lhek rd varjkZrsquoVordfh iZVdksa gsrq [kksydj vFkZOoLFkk dks d uh AringiexclpkbZ nh tk ldrh gSA vro vc iZVu dks d gkfrdquoks ij [kM+s foykflrkiwkZ fOslashkdykiksa ds rkSj ij ugha ns[kk tk ldrkA fukZr m|ksx ds leku g Hkh vkfFkZd fodkl dk d egRoiwkZ a= gS] rFkkfi fodkl dh izfOslashk esa estcku turk dh Hkh jkk gksuh pkfgsA

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amplanHkZ xzaFk lwph amp 1- nhfkr oa xqIrk amp IkZVu ds fofok vkke 2- txnhrdquok flag amp IkZVu Oolk oa fodkl 5- MkW- txeksgu usxh amp IkZVu ekdsZfVax oa fodkl 6- rkt jkor amp IkZVu dk izHkko oa izcaku 8- vrqy ldquokekZ amp Hkkjr esa IkZVu fodkl 9- vatyh oekZ amp Hkkjr esa IkZVu fodkl vkSj laHkkouksa 10- ikfik nkl xqIrk amp IkZVu d vu

eiznsrdquok fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh] Hkksiky 11- oh-ih- lrh amp eiznsrdquok ds IkZVd LFky

lehkk izdkrdquokd] fnYyh 12- vkbZ-ds- ealwjh] oh-ih-lrh amp eiznsrdquok dk HkkSxksfyd oa vkfFkZd vu

dSykrdquok izdkrdquoku] Hkksiky



37


7

î=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa varjlacakî=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa varjlacakî=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa varjlacakî=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa varjlacak MkWMkWMkWMkW---- iqiyrk flag Bkdqjiqiyrk flag Bkdqjiqiyrk flag Bkdqjiqiyrk flag Bkdqj lgkd izkkid fgUnh

e-y-ch- kk- mRd`V egkfo|ky]Xokfyj frac14e-iz-frac12 fdlh kVuk dks ns[kuk ij[kuk vkSj mls vfHkODr djuk ekuoampvkRek dh lgt izo`fRr gS] blh HkkokRed izo`fRr ds dkjk gh tulapkj ekeksa dk vkforsquodkj gqvk gSA euqrsquo Loa dks vfHkODr djuk pkgrk gS Dksafd vkRekfHkOfDr ls mls vkuan dh vuqHkwfr gksrh gSA lekt esa jgrs gq euqrsquo lq[kampnq[k] vkkkampfujkkk jkxampsrsquok] dVampdfBukbksa dks ns[krk gS] lgu djrk gS] vuqHko djrk gS vkSj vius Hkksxs gq FkkFkZ dks nwljs yksxksa dks Hkh crkuk pkgrk gSA bl dkZ ds fy og ys[kuh mBkrk gS vkSj tc mldh ys[kuh i=ampif=dkvksa esa laoknnkrk] foksrsquok laoknnkrk] lgkd lEiknd vkSj lEIkknd ds i esa dkZ djus yxrh rks mls i=dkj dgk tkus yxrk gS vkSj mlds bl dkZ dks i=dkfjrkA

i=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR |fi i`FkdampiFkd gSa ijarq blds chp kfursquoV lacak gSA lkfgR kCn esa fgr dk Hkko fufgr gksrk gS] mlh izdkj i=dkfjrk esa yksdfgr dh Hkkouk lekfgr gksrh gSA lekt esa tks dqN kV jgk gS] lkfgRdkj mls ns[krk gS o vuqHko djrk gS] mls viuh jpuk esa vfHkODr dj nsrk gS vkSj i=dkj] lkfgRdkj dh ml vfHkOfDr dks lekpkjampi=ksa ds eke ls tuamptu rd igqiexclpkus dk dkZ djrk gSA

i=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR dk lacak vRUr iqjkuk gSA i=dkfjrk dks lkfgR ds fodkl dh izFke lhlt+h eku ldrs gSaA izkjaHk esa i=ampif=dkvksa dks lkfgRdkj gh lEikfnr djrs FksA bl rF dks cgqr ls fokuksa us Lohdkj Hkh fdk gSA eSFw vkuZYM us amp ^î=dkfjrk dks ldquokhkzrk esa fy[kk

tkus okyk lkfgR dgk gSA bldks ge slk Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd izRsd i=dkj vakr lkfgRdkj Hkh gS vkSj izRsd lkfgRdkj dks vfuokZr i=dkj dh vkodrk gksrh gSA

lkfgRdkj izkjaHk esa viuh jpukvksa dks i=ampif=dkvksa esa izdkfrdquokr djokrk gS vkSj vkykspuk amp lekykspuk ls mldk eukscy clt+rk pyk tkrk gS rFkk og ckn esa lkfgRampl`tu ds ks= esa AringiexclpkbZkiexcl izkIr djrk pyk tkrk gSA vr ge dg ldrs gSa fd loksZRre i=dkfjrk d ferdquoku gS tks lkfgR dks tuamptu rd igqiexclpkrh gS vkSj loksZRre lkfgR i=dkfjrk dks AringiexclpkbZ iznku djrk gSA dqrdquoky i=dkj] lkfgRdkj ls fHkUu ugha gSA lkfgRdkj dk dke lekt dks BhdampBhd ns[kuk vkSj ij[kuk gS rks i=dkj dk dke mls ikBd nsuk gSA vr lekt ds fopkjksa vkSj lkfgR dh lEokfgdk dk gh uke i=dkfjrk gSA

izRsd ys[kd vius lelkekfd ifjosk ls] fdlh u fdlh i esa izsjkk xzgk djrk gSA pkgs og lkfgRdkj gks k i=dkjA nksuksa gh ys[kd gSa vkSj nksuksa gh ltuZdkj gSaA ys[k] dgkuh] fjiksrkZt] laLejk] bUVjOw] js[kkfp= bRkfn d vksj lkfgR ds lkFk tqM+rs gSa rks nwljh vksj i=dkfjrk ls Hkh budk lEcUk gSA

fgUnh dh ^gfjrdquopUnz pfUnzdk] ljLorh] giexcll] ekkqjh] pkiexcln] lqkk] erckyk tSlh i=ampif=dkiexcl vkSj ^vkt ls ysdj ûbZ nqfuk] uoHkkjr VkbEl tSls i=ksa us lnk gh lkfgR esa izeq[k LFkku ikk gS vkSj bUgha i=ampif=dkvksa ds eke ls u tkus fdrus vKkr lkfgRdkj



38


ikBdksa dks Kkr gks lds gSaA esjs dgus dk vkk g gS fd i=dkfjrk gh og eke gS tks lkfgRdkj dh jpuk dks vusd yksxksa rd vklkuh ls rFkk rRdky igqiexclpk nsrh gSA

Jh dUgSkyky feJ îzHkkdj tSls fdrus JsrsquoB i=dkjkas dh i=dkfjrk g fl) djrh gS fd lokZsRre i=dkfjrk] lkfgR vkSj loksZRre lkfgR gh i=dkfjrk gSA vfkdkarsquok JsB lkfgR lkekUr loZizFke i=ampif=dkvksa esa gh izdkfkr gksrk jgk gSA HkkjrsUnq qxhu ikiexclp JsrsquoB lkfgRdkj vkSj fucakdkj HkkjrsUnq gfjrsquopUnz] ckyeqdqUn xqIr] izrkiukjkk feJ] ckyd`rsquok HkV~V rFkk cnzhukjkk pkSkjh îzseku vkfn vius fucakksa dks i=ampif=dkvksa esa gh izdkfkr djrs jgsA buds fucak rRdkyhu lektamppsruk ds izeq[k vax gSaA vr i=dkfjrk dks lekt psruk dk laokgd dgk tk ldrk gSA

i=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR dk vafre y gS tudYkkA vr i=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR yksddYkk ds ekxZ ij] dampnwljs ds lgpj gSa] budk ijLij nhkZthoh lEcUk gSaA bl lacak esa vkpkZ frsquokoiwtu lgk us fy[kk Hkh Fkk amp ^^fgUnh ds nSfudksa us tgkiexcl nsk dks mn~cq) djus dk vFkd izkl fdk gS] ogha mUgksaus turk esa lkfgfRd psruk dks Hkh tkxr djus dk Js Hkh ikk gSA

vafcdk izlkn oktish] ckcwjko] forsquokq ijkM+dj] vkpkZ frsquokoiwtu lgk] lwZdkar f=ikBh fujkyk] ikaMs cspu ^mxz] bykpanz tksrdquokh] Hkxorh pjk oekZ] lfPpnkuan ghjkuan] okRLku ^vKs vusd sls rstLoh i=dkj gq] ftUgksaus fgUnh

lkfgR ds d egRoiwkZ vk dk fuekZk fdkA

dYiukrdquokhyrk i=dkfjrk ds fy Hkh vkod gS vkSj lkfgR l`tu ds fy Hkh] ysfdu i=dkfjrk FkkFkZ ds kjkry dks d kk ds fy Hkh ugha NksM+ ldrk gS tcfd lkfgRdkj LokuqHkwr lR dks lkefd ewYksa ls tksM+dj vfHkODr djrk gS blds fy og vius vga dk foltZu djrk gSA laosnuk ds Lrj ij lkfgRdkj tks lgu djrk gS] Hkksxrk gS] ns[krk gS] mls kCnc) djrk gS vkSj mldk g l`tu OfDr lR u jgdj lektamplR gks tkrk gSA

vr i=dkfjrk vkSj lkfgR esa cqfuknh varj gS fdarq nksuksa fokkvksa ds viusampvius mRrjnkfRo Hkh gS ftls os viuh ekSfydrk cuk j[kdj gh iwjk dj ldrs gSaA

lkfgR vkSj i=dkfjrk nksuksa gh dampnwljs ds vRar fudV gSaA lkfgR vkSj i=dkfjrk dk mn~nsrdquo vlr~ ij lr~ dh fot fn[kkuk gS] cqjkbZksa dks ijkLr djuk gS] ekuoh xqkksa ds fodkl esa lgksx djuk gS rFkk Lora=rk] fuHkZrk] lRfursquoBk] dkk] lerk] ijksidkj] lnkpkj bRkfn Hkkouk dk izpkjampizlkj djuk gSA blfy g dguk LokHkkfod gS fd lkfgR vkSj i=dkfjrk euqrsquo ds Hkhrj JsrsquoB ekuoh xqkksa dk lapkj djus ds lrsquokDr eke gSaA nksuksa dk vUksUkfJr lacak gSA HkVds gq dks fnrsquokkcksk djkuk oa lekt esa ldkjkRed lksp iSnk djus dk dkZ nksuksa dk gh nkfRo gSA vRk lkfgR vkSj i=dkfjrk dk vUrlEcUk fufoZokn gSA nksuksa dampnwljs ds iwjd cu dj lekt ds izdkkampLRkEHkksa ds i esa vofLFkr gSaA


पकारता और साहय -डामबशहा वया काशन गोवद नगर कानपर-6 स -1998

जनसचार और हद पकारता-डाअजन तवार जयभारती काशन इलाहाबाद-3 स1994

पपकार और पकारता- राज( शकर भ)काशन वभाग सचना और सारण मालय भारत सरकार

भारत म हद पकारता-बोहरा काशन चौड़ा राता जयपर-स 1989

सनमा और साहय- हरश कमार सजय काशनद0ल-110053 स-1998



2


Full Journal Title NEW MAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY

STUDIES

FREQUENCY MONTHLY

Language ENGLISH HINDI MARATHI

Journal CountryTerritory INDIA

Publisher NEW MAN PUBLICATION

Publisher Address A108 Brahma Apt Near Dattadham Parbhani - 431401

Subject Categories LANGUAGES LITERATURE HUMANITIES SOCIAL SCIENCES amp

OTHER RELATED SUBJECTS

Start Year 2014

Online ISSN 2348-1390

International

Impact Factor

3012 (IIJIF)

Indexing

Currently the journal is indexed in Directory of Research Journal Indexing (DRJI) International Impact Factor Services (IIFS) Google Scholar

NMIJMS DISCLAIMER The contents of this web-site are owned by the NMIJMS and are only for academic publication or for the

academic use The content material on NMIJMS web site may be downloaded solely for academic use No

materials may otherwise be copied modified published broadcast or otherwise distributed without the prior

written permission of NMIJMS

Academic facts views and opinions published by authors in the Journal express solely the opinions of the

respective authors Authors are responsible for their content citation of sources and the accuracy of their

references and biographiesreferences The editorial board or Editor in chief cannot be held responsible for any

lacks or possible violations of third partiesrsquo rights



3


CONTENTS







Leena Uttam Karan


MkW-uhjt xksy







4






Introduction

























sociology












culture


















Post World War II











5



in anthropology

Basic trends












academia








































































6












West













businesses















countries




























References








7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















3


CONTENTS







Leena Uttam Karan


MkW-uhjt xksy







4






Introduction

























sociology












culture


















Post World War II











5



in anthropology

Basic trends












academia








































































6












West













businesses















countries




























References








7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















4






Introduction

























sociology












culture


















Post World War II











5



in anthropology

Basic trends












academia








































































6












West













businesses















countries




























References








7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















5



in anthropology

Basic trends












academia








































































6












West













businesses















countries




























References








7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















6












West













businesses















countries




























References








7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















7



Dr Sadhana Agrawal



























the society




























in man


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















8








lawsuitsrdquo 1




































In short woman





























The last






















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















9



















the novels





























women characters











































10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















10

















































centuryrdquo 6











themrdquo 7












In 20th


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















11









































had to write


















References












12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















12





















Rights











































peace








13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















13



should be made













masses































rights violations




















fail





















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















14






the poor










Conclusion



























rights of the other

Reference






pvt ltd Jaipur






15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















15




Leena Uttam Karan




Abstract














Techniques

I Introduction




















































16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















16































II Blurring


Blur effects

a) Average Blur









R =sqrt( g2 + f2)





b) Gaussian Blur








c) Motion Blur
































17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















17
















III Deblurring


techniques















deconverge









HST data




iteration








statistics



(PSF)






















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















18








19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















19






20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















20






References



1442011





pp496 -4992011



Systempp1-62011



64








Weiner Filter 5093



21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















21


5








22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















22









23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















23










24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















24










25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















25








26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















26



















2003] i`0 XXII





27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















27


6











28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















28













29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















29


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















30








ls feyus gsrq 5-30











31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















31







04 2010 38330025 05 2011 44389379 06 2012 54473139 07 2013 63739256








32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















32

















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















33
















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















34







01 2001 2-54 amp4-2

02 2002 2-38 amp6-0 03 2003 2-73 14-3 04 2004 3-46 26-8 05 2005 3-92 13-3 06 2006 4-45 13-5 07 2007 5-08 14-3 08 2008 5-28 4-0 09 2009 5-11 amp3-3 10 2010 5-78 11-8 11 2011 6-31 9-2 12 2012 6-58 4-3 13 2013 6-31 2-6







35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















35














01 2001 318 amp7-6 02 2002 3108 amp3-0 03 2003 4463 43-8 04 2004 6170 38-2 05 2005 7493 21-4 06 2006 8634 15-2 07 2007 10279 24-3 08 2008 11832 10-3 09 2009 11136 amp5-9 10 2010 14193 27-5 11 2011 16564 16-7 12 2012 17737 7-1 13 2013 9201 8-8




36












37


7











38


















36












37


7











38


















37


7











38


















38
















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