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New Roles in Digital

Libraries...

José Borbinha<jose.borbinha@bn.pt>National Library of PortugalDirection of Services for Innovation and Development

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• “Digital Libraries”???• Issues and cases in digital libraries:

– the main cases• New content genres, metadata, ...

– about interoperability• Projects LEAF and TEL...

– about actors• The DELOS/NSF Working Group...

– ...one global vision, BND...• The National Digital Library (Portugal)

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An historical perspective

Libraries and technology among the times...

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A Computer Science’s perspective

ACM Computing Classification System (January 1998)

•...•H. Information Systems

– ...– H.3 Information Storage and Retrieval

• ...• H.3.7 Digital Libraries

– Collection– Dissemination– Standards– System issues– User issues

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A perspective of a traditional library

User Registered

AnonymousLibrarian

Actor

Creator Editor

Distributor

Preservation

Publication

Licensing Acquisition

RegistrationDissemination

Search

Digital Library

Access

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Use Cases (from the model)...• Publication

– Availability of a manifestation of a work (resource)...• Licensing

– Rules for the usage of an item of a resource...• Acquisition

– Ownership of a resource...• Registration

– Create metadata to describe the resource...• Dissemination

– Making aware the existence of a resource...• Search

– Searching of information about a work (resource discovery).• Access

– Visualization of a resource, duplication, ...• Preservation

– To keep the resource in good shape for access...

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Another view of the cases...

Acquisition Delivery by the publisherCapture by the libraryHarvesting by the library

Verification Medium integrityContent integrity Logical integrity

AuthenticationRegistration Metadata Bibliographic and content description

Installation and de-installationPreservationAccess

Preservation

Physical preservation Medium refreshingMedium migration

Logical preservation Format conversionEmulation

Intellectual preservation

Access Conditions of use Local accessRemote access

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• Genres (what?)– Information resource’s media, formats, type,

characteristics (on-line/off-line, dynamic resources, interactive resources, ...)

• Actors (who?)– Need to review concepts and roles (editor, creator,

contributor, translator, illustrator, distributor, owner, user, librarian, host, mediator, ...)

• Identifiers (where?)– Names, uniform names and identifiers, contextual names

and identifiers, persistency, ...

• Metadata (how?)– Bibliographic description, administration, structural

description, ..., creation versus reutilization, ...

Emerging issues...

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Bibliographic description of the resources

Bibliographic description and identification of the resources, such as titles, authors, indexing terms, classification, abstracts, surrogates, etc.

Administration of the resources

Administrative information about the resource, such as information about acquisition process and costs, rights, etc.

Preservation of the resources

Technical or management requirements for long term preservation.

Technical and structural description of the resources

Technical requirements to manipulate the resource (systems and tools), etc.

Access, usage and reproduction of the resources

Information about terms and conditions for access and reproduction, etc.

Administration of the metadata

Information about the other metadata classes, such as data of creation, origin, authenticity, terms and conditions for its usage, etc.

Classes of metadata

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Multiple perspectives for the "metadata" problem in the Digital Library...

Tecnology Perspective Metadata Schemas

- MARC21- UNIMARC- DCMES- ONIX- METS- EAD- EAC…

Metadata Implementations - The UNIMARC coding in ISO2709… - The MARC21 coding in ISO2709… - MARCXML: MARC coding in XML - A DCMES Schema coding in XML… - A DCMES Schema coding in RDF…

…

Metadata Structures - One file: myUNIMARCrecords.iso- One file: yourMARC21records.iso- One file: myUNIMARCrecords.xml- One file: yourMARC21records.xml- One file: myDCMESrecords.xml- One file: myDCMESrecords.rdf

…

Services and Interfaces - An HTTP/HTML based OPAC service- An OAI metadata harvesting service- A Z39.50- Bath search service- A ZING Web Service …

Conceptual Perspective

Contextual Perspective

Service’s Perspective

File and data structures

- IS2709- HTML- XML- RDF…

Protocols- HTTP - OAI- PMH- SOAP - Z39.50- WebServices

- ZING- ...

…

Reference Models - AACR- FRBR- CIDOC- MoReq…

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Interoperability in a networked world...

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LEAF

Linking and Exploring Authority Files

Funded by the European Commission under the 5th framework

IST programme

Started: March 2001

End: February 2004

http://www.leaf-eu.org

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The partners:

•Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, Lisbon•Biblioteca de Universidad Complutense, Madrid •British Library, London•Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach•Forschungsstelle und Dokumentationszentrum für Österreichische Philosophie, Graz•Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv, Weimar•Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine, Paris•Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna•University of Bergen, Bergen •Swiss National Library, Bern•National and University Library, Ljubljana, •Riksarkivet, Stockholm

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LocalAuthority

Data

User InterfaceAnnotation Manager

LinkingManager

Update Manager

CNAFCommon NameAuthority File

LocalOPACs

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Feasibility study concerning (Feb. 2001 – July 2003)

• Interoperability across Europe’s national libraries

• Combining the resources of Europe‘s national libraries

• Groundwork to establish pan-European services

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Partners• European national libraries of United Kingdom,

Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Portugal, Finland, Italy, Slovenia, Conference of European National Librarians (CENL), Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico, Italy (ICCU-Italy)

• Combining the resources of Europe‘s national libraries

• Groundwork to establish pan-European services

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Work packages:

• WP 1:Publisher relations• WP 2:Business plans and models• WP 3:Metadata development• WP 4:Interoperability testbeds• WP 5:Dissemination and use• WP 6:Management

DELOS/NSF Working Group

Reference Models forDigital Libraries:

Actors and Roles

http://www.delos-nsf.actorswg.cdlib.org/

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WG MembersDELOS (Europe)• José Borbinha, National Library of

Portugal (DELOS coordinator)• Michel Mabe, Elsevier Science, UK

(Publishing industry)• Peter Mutschke, Social Science

Information Centre, Germany (Software agents, Information Retrieval)

• Hans-Jörg Lieder, Berlin State Library, Germany (LEAF project)

NSF (USA)• John Kunze, University of California,

USA (NSF coordinator)• Barbara Tillett, Library of Congress,

USA (Libraries)• Becky Dean, OCLC, USA (Libraries

services)• Angela Spinazze, USA (Museums)• Howard Besser, University of

California, USA (Multimedia and digital art production)

DCMI - Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

• Warwick Cathro, National Library of Australia

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Purpose of Actors Working Group

“… to develop a reference model describing the different classes of actors related to the problem of the Digital Library, including their roles and implications.”

- traditional entities (authors, editors, publishers) - non-traditional (users, catalogers, ref. librarians)- emerging (software agents, mediators, special rights holders)

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Actors in Digital Libraries???

... are persons, organizations, and automata that play roles in the production, dissemination, management and use of digital information.

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Results

• White paper:– Definition and introduction to the problem.– Description and analysis of the requirements.– Proposal to the community for a reference model.– Proposals for an international agenda for further

technical and collaborative developments.

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Digital Library

Services

User

Professional

Agent

Generic framework (1/2)

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Generic framework (2/2)

Digital Library

Services

User

Professional

Agent

Digital Library Services

User

Professional

Agent

Digital Library

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HTTP://BND.BN.PTThe National Digital Library

Internal Creator

Registration

IdentifierManagement

Cataloguing

Digitization

Storage

Local Edition

RemoteAccess

Preservation

Internal Digitizer

Librarian

TechnicianUser

LocalAccess

Publication

External Actor

Dissemination andresource discovery

Deposit

Access

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• Publication (Collection building)– External deposit (digitized and digital born contents)– Local edition (creation of our own resources...)– Digitization (from our own digitization program...)

• Registration and storage– Structural metadata (XML, METS...)– Identifier management (URN/PURL)– Cataloguing (UNIMARC, ...)

• Preservation– Short-medium term management– Long-term physical and logical preservation

• Access (who, how, when, why, ...)– Local access versus remote access (URN/PURL resolution)– On-line versus off-line

• Dissemination and Resource Discovery– Traditional interfaces and services

• OPACs (PORBASE and specialized services)• Thematic indexes

– New interfaces and services• Z39.50• OAI-PMH (DCMES, UNIMARC, XML...)• ZING (Web Services...)• ...bring up the “deep web” (RSS, ...)