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EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA HUTAN

Rinekawiati Soelaeman

Fakultas Kehutanan

Universitas Kuningan

2010


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Suatu kesatuan ekosistem berupa hamparan

lahan berisi SDA hayati yang didominasi

pepohonan dalam persekutuan alam

lingkungannya, yang satu dgn lainnya tidak

dapat dipisahkan?

Sumber Foto : Ekonomics

Principle and Practices, Gary

E. Clayton (2008)Sumber Foto : SUSTAINABLE

FOREST MANAGEMENT, Rice,

RE, dkk (2001)


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Sumber Daya Hutan

Dapat berupa :

Hasil nabati dan turunannya : (bambu, rotan,

rumputrumputan, jamur, tanaman obat, getah, daun,

buah, biji, tanin, dlsb.) Hasil hewani beserta turunannya seperti satwa liar dan

hasil penangkarannya :(Satwa buru, satwa elok)

Benda-benda non hayati yg secarr ekologis merupakan

satu kesatuan ekosistem dgn benda-benda hayati

penyusun hutan : sumber air, udara bersih, dlsb.

Jasa yg diperoleh dari htn : jasa wisata, estetika, dlsb. Hasil produksi primer : kayu bulat, kayu gergajian, kayu

lapis, kayu bakar, pulp, dlsb.

Kegiatan Ekonomi

Dapat Berupa :

1. Ekploitasi Kayu

untuk bahan

perdagangan danbahan baku industri

2. Pemanfaatan Hasil

Hutan Bukan Kayu

seperti getah, tanin

dll.

3. Wisata Alam

EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA HUTAN.. (2)


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Keterbatasan adalah dasar dari masalah ekonomi yang menuntut

manusia membuat pilihan tentang bagaimana menggunakan

sumberdaya yang terbatas.

Motivasi terhadap keuntungan adalah pendorong masyarakatuntuk memproduksi dan menjual barang dan jasa

Pembeli dan penjual secara sukarela berinteraksi di pasar, dan harga

pasar ditentukan oleh interaksi penawaran dan permintaan

GARY E. CLAYTON, Ph.D. Ekonomics Principle and Practices

Professor and Chair of the Economics and Finance Department at Northern Kentucky.

IDE-IDE BESAR EKONOMI

Setiap tatanan masyarakat mempunyai sistem ekonomi sendiri yang

mengatur alokasi barang dan jasa


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Pemerintah menentukan keseimbangan antara biaya dan keuntungan darikebijakan ekonominya untuk mendorong stabilitas dan pertumbuhan

ekonomi

Pemerintah dan Lembaga ekonomi membantu pelaku di ekonomi pasar

untuk mencapai tujuan keuangan mereka

Pertukaran dan spesialisasi mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk

individu, wilayah dan negara.

Ahli ekonomi menggunakan banyak faktor dalam menilai pertumbuhan

dan performa ekonomi negara

Pasar tenaga kerja seperti pasar lainnya ditentukan oleh penawaran dan

permintaan

Kajian ekonomi akan membantu kita menghadapi isu ekonomi global

dan permintaan dan penawaran dalam sumberdaya

IDE-IDE BESAR EKONOMI ..(2)


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PANDANGAN TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA HUTAN

Hutan sebagai barang publik dan dikuasai oleh negara

Hutan adalah sumber daya alam terpulihkan (renewable)

Hasil Hutan merupakan komoditas ekonomi seperti

hasil hutan kayu, non kayu, jasa lingkungan, dll

Tegakan hutan sebagai komponen ekosistem alam yang

mempunyai fungsi menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan

Fungsi ekologis dan sumber dari biodiversity

tegakan hutan tidak dapat digantikan

Sumber Foto : SUSTAINABLE

FOREST MANAGEMENT, Rice,

RE, dkk (2001)


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Sistem Silvikultur

Tebang Pilih Indonesia

(TPI)

dilaksanakan

secara uniform

pada seluruh tipe hutan

di seluruh Indonesia

TPI DI MODIFIKASI

MENJADI TPTI

ERA

-Timber Extraction

-- State Bases Forest Management

Sistem Silvikultur

Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia

(TPTI)

Modifikasi:

Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur,

- TPTI-Intensif (TPTI-I)

- Multi sistem silvikultur pada satu

kawasan kelola hutan

Dikukuhkan di dalam

PP 6/2007 dan PP 3/2008

SISTEM HAK PENGUSAHAANHUTAN (HPH)

SISTEM IZIN USAHA PEMANFAATANHASIL HUTAN KAYU (IUPHHK)

HUTAN DAN PEMANFAATAN SECARA EKONOMI


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Sumber Foto : WESTCARB Annual

Business Meeting, John Nickerson

Pacific Forest Trust, (2006)

Menurut laporan Baplan DepartemenKehutanan (2001), hutan alam yang

rusak meningkat dari 28,5 % menjadi

45,6%, hutan sekunder meningkat dari

27% menjadi 43,9% dan hutan primer

menurun dari 44,5% menjadi 10,5%.

Data lain juga menunjukkan bahwa saatini terdapat 16,2 juta ha hutan produksi

bebas karena HPH sudah tidak lagi

mengusahakannya (Fakultas Kehutanan

IPB, 2002).

HUTAN DAN PEMANFAATAN SECARA EKONOMI..(2)

HASIL PEMANFAATAN

SECARA EKONOMI


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MASALAH DAN KAJIAN EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA HUTAN

Sumberdaya Hutan

Apakah memenuhi kaidah kelangkaan sumberdaya ?

Bagaimana mengukur nilai ekonomi dari

sumberdaya hutan?

Siapa yang menjadi penjual dan pembeli pada

transaksi sumberdaya hutan?

Siapa yang mendapat keuntungan dari

pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan?


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STANDAR PENDEKATAN EKONOMI

Standard 1 Scarcity

Productive resources are limited. Therefore, people cannot have all the goods

and services they want; as a result, they must choose some things and give

up others.

Standard 2 Marginal Cost/Benefit

Effective decision making requires comparing the additional costs of

alternatives with the additional benefits. Most choices involve doing a

little more or a little less of something: few choices are all or nothing

decisions.

Standard 3 Allocation ofG

oods and ServicesDifferent methods can be used to allocate goods and services. People

acting individually or collectively through government must choose

which methods to use to allocate different kinds of goods and services.

Standard 4 Role of Incentives

People respond predictably to positive and negative incentives.

Voluntary National Content

Standards in Economics the National Council on EconomicEducation., AS. (Dalam Economics Principle and Practices, GARY E.

CLAYTON, 2008)


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Standard 5 Gain from Trade

Voluntary exchange occurs only when all participating parties expect to gain. This istrue for trade among individuals or organizations within a nation, and usually

among individuals or organizations in different nations

Standard 6 Specialization and Trade

When individuals, regions, and nations specialize in what they can produce at the

lowest cost and then trade with others, both production and consumption

increase.

Standard 7 MarketsPrice and Quantity Determination

Markets exist when buyers and sellers interact. This interaction determines market

prices and thereby allocates scarce goods and services.

Standard 8 Role of Price in Market System

Prices send signals and provide incentives to buyers and sellers. When supply ordemand changes, market prices adjust, affecting incentives.

Standard 9 Role of Competition

Competition among sellers lowers costs and prices, and encourages producers to

produce more of what consumers are willing and able to buy. Competition among

buyers increases prices and allocates goods and services to those people who are

willing and able to pay the most for them.

STANDAR PENDEKATAN EKONOMI..(2)


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Standard 10 Role of Economic Institutions

Institutions evolve in market economies to help individuals and groups

accomplish their goals. Banks, labor unions, corporations, legal systems, and not-

for-profit organizations are examples of important institutions. A different kind

of institution, clearly defined and enforced property rights, is essential to a

market economy.

Standard 11 Role of MoneyMoney makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value

of goods and services.

Standard 12 Role of Interest Rates

Interest rates, adjusted for inflation, rise and fall to balance the amount

saved with the amount borrowed, which affects the allocation of scarce

resources between present and future uses.

Standard 13 Role of Resources in Determining Income

Income for most people is determined by the market value of the productive

resources they sell. What workers earn depends, primarily, on the market value of

what they produce and how productive they are.



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Standard 14 Profit and the Entrepreneur

Entrepreneurs are people who take the risks of organizing productive resources to

make goods and services. Profit is an important incentive that leads entrepreneurs to

accept the risks of business failure

Standard 15 Growth

Investment in factories, machinery, new technology, and in the health, education,

and training of people can raise future standards of living.Standard 16 Role ofGovernment

There is an economic role for government in a market economy whenever the

benefits of a government policy outweigh its costs. Governments often provide for

national defense, address environmental concerns, define and protect property

rights, and attempt to make markets more competitive. Most government policies

also redistribute income.Standard 17 Using Cost/Benefit Analysis to Evaluate Government Programs

Costs of government policies sometimes exceed benefits. This may occur because

of incentives facing voters, government officials, and government employees,

because of actions by special interest groups that can impose costs on the

general public, or because social goals other than economic efficiency are being

pursued.



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Standard 18 Macroeconomic-Income/Employment, PricesA nations overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the

interaction of spending and production decisions made by all households, firms,

government agencies, and others in the economy.

Standard 19 Unemployment and Inflation

Unemployment imposes costs on individuals and nations. Unexpected inflation

imposes costs on many people and benefits some others because it arbitrarily

redistributes purchasing power. Inflation can reduce the rate of growth of

national living standards because individuals and organizations use resources to

protect themselves against the uncertainty of future prices.

Standard 20 Monetary and Fiscal Policy

Federal government budgetary policy and the Federal Reserve Systemsmonetary policy influence the overall levels of employment, output, and

prices.



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CLAYTON GARY.E,. 2008. Ekonomics Principle and Practices University Copyright

2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York.

PUSTAKA

RICE, RE, at all. (2001). SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, Center for

Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International. NY.

SUHENDANG, E. (2002). Pengantar Ilmu Kehutanan, YPFK. Bogor.

Davis, L.S. and K.N Johnson. 1978. Forest Management. Part III. Third

Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

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