burmesestory.files.wordpress.com1 Þ q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(1) ß tcef;(1) rd;7xm;jud;u...
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Þ q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(1) ß
tcef;(1)
rD;7xm;juD;u t@S de ft[kef_yif;pGmyif w~sH K;~s H K ;w~suf~sufESi f h
c kw farmi f ;Iaeonf? _r<ri f ;onf _yLwi f ;ay gufem;wGi fx d ki fum
t_yifbufod k h ai;armjunfhaeavonf? ae0ifoGm;_yD;tvif;a7mifu
cyfysysomusefawmhonf? rjumrDr d k ;cs Ky fawmhrnf? rd k ;cs Ky fIoGm;v#if
_yLwif;r Sbmud kr # _ri fE d li fawmhrnfr[kwf? t_yifbufwGi far Smi fr JIom
aeayawmhrnf?
7xm;juD;7efukefblwmrSpxGufumpawmh tvif;a7mifuvnf;
@S daeao;aomajumif h olwd k holi<fcsif;wpk_yLwif;rSwqif h _rifae7onfh
@ S Kci f ;r sm ;ud kv Sr f ; junf h7i f ; p Dp Dn HnHE Si f h pum;a_ymIruke fatmi f
@S dc J honf?
<c kawm h ae0i fumr d k ;vnf ;c s Ky fvm _y D ? 7xm; ju D ;vnf ;
tawmfc7D ;aygufc J h _y D? _r<rif;wd k holi<fcsi f ;wpkvnf; pum;a_ym7
wm armu ke f ju_y D ? tpy d k i f ;w k e f ;uv d k ju Gw f ju Gw fn Hatmi f
pum;rqdkjuawmh?
wd k ;wd k ; | wd k;wd k ;E Si f hozef;yd k ;om vkyfaeEd li fjuonf?
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_r<rif;onf touf(14)ESpfom@S dao;onf? udk;wef;ausmif;
ol? r dbrsm;u rEWav;Zmwd? _r<rif ;touf(10)E Sp ft@ G<fusr S
7e fuke fod k ha _ymi f ;a@ $ hta_cp d ku fc J h juonf? _r<rif ;ud k a@ $re f ;ol[k
qd kE d li fygonf?
_r<rif;onf t_cm;aomtnmolawGvd k tom;r!d k? tom;
tawmfvwfonf? t0gbufa_y;onf? @kyfuvnf;acsmarmvSyonf?
i<fi<fEkEkt_ypfuif;pifonfhtvSu tvGefud kwufjuGvef;qef;onf?
_r<rif;>t7yfu (5)ay(3)vufrcef h@ S donf? udk<fvH k;ud k<f
xnfu t_ynfht0rzG H h _z d K ;ao;aomfvnf; 7ifuav;rd k hr d k h | wifuav;
pd k hp d k h | aygifwefuav;awmif hawmif hE Si f h pd ka_yp_yKae_yD?
_r<rif;wd k holi<fcsi f ;wpfp konf ausmif ;tm;upm;_y d Ki fy G JwGi f
x l ;c Èe f aomajumi f h r dbq7mtoi f ;>qkc s D ; Õ ri f h axmufy H h ai G _ zi f h
rEWav;od k h taysmfc7D;xGufvmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
olwd k ht ky fp kr Sm tm;vH k ;i g ;a<muf? ausmi f ;olav;a<muf?
juD;juyftkyfcsKyfonfhq7mru (1)a<muf?
_r<rif;wd k hud kjuD;juyftkyfcsKyfvd kufygvmaomq7mra':xm;7if
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rSm touf(30)ce f h@ S donf? arm fv_r d Ki fol? t7yf _ri f h _ri f h | tom;
_zL_zL| ud k<fvH k ;awmif hawmif h | vH k ;juD;aygufvS? @kyfuvnf;@ky f@ Si f
ri f ;orD ;ci foDwmxGe f ;E Si f hcy fqifqifwlonf? rkqd k ;rwpfa<muf_zp f
onf? od k haomf om;orD;rarG;z Gm;bl;c J honf htwGuf ud k<fvH k ;ud k<f
xnfu usroGm;? vSyqJ? awmif hwif;qJ?
_r<rif;onf rdrdtouft@G<fa7mufvmv#if q7mra':xm;
7i fvd k ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfrs d K ;@ S dv#i faumif ;rnf[k tm;usp GmawG;r d
onf?
a':xm;7ifonf cyf@ k d ;@ k d ;at;at;om aewwfonf? 0wfyH k
pm;yH kuvnf; acwfodyfrqef?
7xm;ay:wGi f _r<rif;wd k hausmi f ;olav;a<mufu rsufE Sm
csif;qd ki fxk di fc ke fav;cke fwGif7juI olwd k htzd k ht7rf;tqifa_yaeonf?
q7mra':xm;7ifuawmh olwd k hc ke fae7mESi f huyfv#uf_zpfaom
ESp fa<mufxd ki fc ke fwef;wGi f ae7m7onf? xd kae7mrSm wG Jaxmif hqH k ;
em;wGi f _zp f7m t_cm;aomae7mrsm;vd k rsufE Smcsi f ;qd ki fxd ki fc ke fr@ S d ?
E Sp fa<mufpmcke fwef;om@S donf?
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_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7ifbufod k htomvSrf;junf hvd kuf
onf? a':xm;7ifonf olr>ab;cke fr S c7D;oGm;az:a<mufsm;juD;
wpfa<mufESi f h7<farmum pum;a_ymaeonfud kawG h7onf? bmawG
a_ymonfud kawmh 7xm;oHuvnf;qlnHaeaomajumif h rjum;7?
q7mra':xm;7ifonf pum;enf;onf? txl;o_zif ha<musfm;
om;rsm;E Si f hpum;a_ymavhr@ S d ? ausmi f ;r Sq7mrsm;ud kyi f tajumif ;
udpP@ S dr Som pum;a_ymonf?
<ckawmh xdkc7D;oGm;az:a<mufsm;juD;ud k 7<fumarmumESif h
7i f ;7i f ;E S D ;E S D ;a _ymqd kaeonfr Sm xl ; _cm ;ovd kv d k _r<ri f ;xi fr donf?
tif;av? c7D;oGm;7if;a_ymqd kaerdwm_zpfrSmyg[kom awG;vd kuf7onf?
_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7ifxHrS rsufpdtjunfhud kv$ Jum
olr>oli<fcsif;rav;rsm;ud k rsufpda0humjunfhvd kufrd_yefonf?
_r<rif;ESif hab;csif;<SOfv#ufxdkifaeol<k<karmfrSm w@kwfu_ym;
rav;_zpfonf? _r<rif;ESi f h@ G<fwl? twef;wl? twef;xJwGifvnf;
cke fcsif;uyfumxdki f _yD; t7if;ES D ;qH k ;oli<fcsif;vnf;_zpfonf?
w@kwfu_ym;rav;rd k h <k<karmf>tom;u _zL0if;aeonf?
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@ky fuawmh _r<rif;avmufracsm? _yD;awmhqHyifuvnf; _r<rif;
vd kr[kwf? _r<rif;u wifyg;z H k ;avmufatmif@ Snfvsm;onf hqHyifud k
z g ;vsm;c sxm;onf? <k<karmuawmhqHyi fwd kwd kav;_zp fonf ht_yi f
aumufxm;vd kufao;onf? t7yfuvnf; _r<rif ;avmufr_ri f hy g?
(5 )ayten f ;i< fausm f @ k Hom@ S don f ? u d k< fv H k ;u d k< fxnfuawm h
R _r<rif;ESi f hrwdrf;r<drf;? zG H h _z d K ;p? od k haomft7yfykonfhtwGuf ud k<f
vH k ;ud k<fxnfyd kjuD;onf[k xif7onf?
_r<ri f ;E Si f h r su fE S mc si f ;q d k i fw Gi fx d k i f aeo luawm h 7c d k i fo l
rmvmwif? _r<rif;wd k hxuf toufjuD;onf? (16)ESp f? twef;
uawmh twlwl?
rmvmwifonf _r<rif;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k havmuf @kyfracsmay?
qHyifud ktvGe fwd kp Gm!Sy fxm;v#uf @Sy ftuôsuGufjum;ESi f h7c d ki fvH kcsnf
ud k0wfxm;onf hrmvmwif>toGi fr Sm a<muf sm ;wpfa<mufE Si f hyi f
wlaeavao;onf? rmvmwifonf a<muf sm ;wpfa<mufa<muf
_zp fovd kvd ka _ymoHjum;7onf? _y D ;awmh tcsp fawm fawGxm;wwf
onf[k owif;juD;onf?
_r<ri f ;onf ausmi f ;w Gi frmvmwi fE S i f ho dy f7i f ;7i f ;E S D ; E S D ;
raygi f ;oi f ;y g ? cy fwe f ;we f ;E Si f har;xl ;ac:a_ymavmufomaec J honf?
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rmvmwifuawmh _r<rif;ud ka7maESmvd k[efawG_yonf?
<ckawmh wpfc7D;wnf;oGm;ae7_yd? bmyJ_zpf_zpf rmvmwif
ESi f hodyf7if;ES D ;ywfouf_cif;r_yKyJ cyfwef;wef; cyfwif;wif;omaernf
[k _r<rif;u qHk;_zwfxm;cJ honf?
aemufqH k ;wpfa<mufuawmh td ki f7i f ;ba7mif;? Ad kvfu_ym;
rav;? tar7duef@ ky f@ Si fri f ;orD;bd k' J7uf>@ky f7nfESi f htquftayguf
rs d K ;?
td ki f7i f ;onf touf(17)E Sp fom@S dao;aomfvnf; ud k<fvH k ;
u d k<fxnfuawmh t_ywfud kz G H h _z d K ;ae_y D ? _y D ;awm h t7yfuvnf;
Øpm;× onf? (5)ay(5)vufravmufud k@ S drnf? tom;_zL_zL| ud k<fvH k ;
awmi f h awmi f h | qG J aqmi fr S Ktm ;aumi f ;v Sonf h@ ky f7n fE Si f hq d k awm h
ausmif;wGift_ywfud kemrnfjuD;onf?
xd k h _yif td ki f7if;onf7nf;pm;rsm;onf? 7nf;pm;awGESi f hcs de f ;awG h
um _zp fc si fw d ki f ; _zp fonfqd konf howif ;awGud kvnf ; _r<ri f ;wd k h
em;rqef hatmifjum;7onf? [kwfr[kwfawmhrod? od k haomftd ki f7i f ;
wGi f a<mufsm;av;rdwfaqGawGtrsm;juD;@ S dwmud kawmh odjuonf?
onftwd ki f ;wwG JwG JoGm;aewmyJ? tif;- -oluAd kvfu_ym;r
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qd kawmh qd k@ S<fus _y D ;wG Jaewmvm;qd kwmawmh ra_ymwwfygbl ; ?
_r<rif ;onf td ki f7i f ;ud ktompl ;p d kufumjunf hvd kufonf? td ki f7i f ;
onfolr>xH k ;p Htwd ki f ; pyd k h@ Sy fcyfjuyfjuyfud k0wfxm;onf? 7ifud k
vnf;<d k ;'<m;b7mpD<mtao;pm;uav;ESi f hom cyfavsm havsm hpnf;
aESi fxm;onf? yH kusaom7ifom;qd ki frsm;onf b7mpD<m>yH hy d k ;r S K _zif h
0ef hxGm;rd k h0if;xGufaeonf? _r<rif;onf rdrd7ifbwfud k _yefi H k h junfhr d
onf? _r<rif;>zl;yGi f hp7iftvSrSm qd k;awmhrqd k ;? 7ifom;rd k hr d k hav;
awG_zp faeonf? od k haomftd ki f7i f ;ud kawmh b<fr S DE d li fr SmvJ? rdr d>
7i fom ;r s m ; r S m t d k i f 7i f ; E d k ht H k aw G>xuf0u fyi f r@ S d ao ;y gvm ;[ k
_r<rif;awG;rdonf?
Þ a[h- -wDc smawm h [d kb JemjuD ;e J ht_ywfc d ku faew<f?
[d kbJjuD;junfh7wm wDcsmhud ktjuHtzefvkyfaeyH k7w<f? ß
t d k i f 7i f ;uud k< fu d k a@ S ho d k hu k e f ;um _r<ri f ;u d k jum ;@ k Hom
wD;wd k ;a_ymonf? xdkod k hud k<fud ka@S hod k huke f;tvdkufwGif pyd k h@ Sy f7ifom;
rsm;tjum;rSaeI tdki f7if;>7ifom;ESpfr $mud k _r<rif;_rifvd kufrdonf?
Þ eifubmajumif h onfvd ka_ymEd li fwmvJ ß
rmvmwifu tdki f7if;>ykcke f;ud ktomzuf7if;ar;onf?
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tdki f7if;u zufvmaomrmvmwif>vufud kz<fcsvd kuf_yD;- -
Þ oluwDcsmud k bdvyf7nfwd kufw<fav? tJ' Dbdvyf7nf
xJrSm tjuHtzefvkyfxm;rSmayg h[ ß
Þ bdvyf7nfxJrSmb<fvd ktjuHtzefvkyfEd li fr Smrd k hvd k hvJ ß
_r<rif;u 0ifar;onf?
Þ td k;- -<luvJ? a[m bdvyf7nfxJrSm t7uf_zpf_zpf|
p dwfjuGaq;_zpf_zpf xnfhwd kufrSmayg h ß
Þ tJ'Dvd kxnfhwd kuf7if bm_zpfEd li fvd k hvJ ß
td ki f7if;u _r<rif;ud k _y H K;pp_zif hjunfhvd kuf_yD;- -?
Þ odcsi f7if <lud k<fwd ki fy JtJ' Dbdvyf7nfud k<laomufjunf h
ayg h- -cpfcpfcpf ß
xd kbdvyf7nfrs d K ;wGif b<fod k haomtpGrf;owW d@ S dI bm_zpfEd li f
onfud kawmh _r<rif ;wu<frodyg? od k haomf td ki f7i f ;>pum;ud k
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jum;7awmh bmrSef;rodygyJESi f h _r<rif;rsufESmylxloGm;7onf?
td ki f7if;uqufvufI- -?
Þ junfhygvm;uG? wDcsmrsufeSmenf;enf;eD7Jaewm? nus7if
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufaumif;aumif;tvkyf_zpfjurSm aocsmygw<f? [D[dß
td ki f7i f ;a_ymonf hpum;vH k ;r sm;ud k a7a77m7mem;rvnfaomf
vnf; _r<rif ;>pdwfxJwGi fawmh tawmfvS Ky f@ Sm;um rsufE Sme D7 J
oGm;avonf?
td ki f7i f ;uqufvufI a<mufsm;E Si f hr de f ;rE Sp fa<mufcsi f ;awG h
v#if _zpfysufwwfonfrsm;ud k wD;wd k ;avoH_zif h _r de f7nf<Suf7nfa_ym
_ yon f ? r mvmwi fuvn f ; wp f c su fwp f c su f 0 i f a _ y mon f ?
_r<rif;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<mufuawmh em;axmiform;oufouf?
pum;a_ym7if ; q7mra':xm;7i fwd k hbufod k hvnf; vSr f ;um
ro dromjunf h ae juonf ? x d kv l ju D ;u q7mra':xm ;7i ftm ;
b dvy f7n fi S J humwd ku fonfu d k _r<ri f ;u d k< fw d k i fE S p f c g _ri f7onf ?
bdvyf7nfr Sm 7xm;ay:vd ku fa7mi f ;c so lr sm ;xHr S 0<f _ci f ;r[kwf?
xd kvljuD;>c7D;aqmiftdwfxJwGif toif hygvmaomykvif;xJrS iS J hwd kuf
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_cif;_zpfonf?
bdvyf7nfy kvif ;r Sm td ki f7i f ;a_ymovd ktjuHtze fbdvyf7nf
[kwfr[kwfawmh _r<rif;rodwwfyg? od k haomf q7mra':xm;7if
onf xd kv l ju D ;w d ku faombdvy f7nfr sm ;u d kxy fr Haomuf _y D ;aemuf
ta_ymtqd ky d ko Gufv#uf trlt7mrsm ;vnf ;7 J7 Jwi f ;wi f ;@ S dvmonf
ud kawmh _r<rif;awG h@ S dowd_yKrdonf?
td ki f7if ;e Si f hrmvmwifwd k ha_ym_yaejuonfh a<musfm;E Si f hr de f ;r
tvkyf_zpfjuonfhtajumif;awGuvnf; pdwf0ifpm;p7m?
ava_yuav;u nifompGmwd kufcwfaeonf? avwdkufcwf
r S Kajumif h uefa7rsufE Sm_yi fwGi f vS d Ki f ;tduav;rsm;wndr f hndr f hay:
xGufvmonf?
Þ <rif;u odyfcspfz d k haumif;wmyJ ß
uefab;cs H Ky kwfxJwGif twl<SOfumxdki fju7mrS ol7de fu
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Tod k ha _ym_y D ; _r<ri f ;ud ktomod ki f ;zufvd ku fonf? _r<ri f ;onf
ol7de f>7ifcGi fxJod k h acGavsmhavsmhuav;usa7mufoGm;avonf?
ol7 de fonf _r<rif ;ud ktm;7yg ;7od ki f ;zufum ES kwfcr f ;c si f ;
z duyfpkyferf;onf? _r<rif;>7ifxJ zd karmoGm;7onf?
rjumrDr Smyif _r<rif;a7m| ol7 de fyg | ud k<fvH k ;wD; _zp foGm;
juonf? ol7 de f>vufu _r<rif ;aygi f jum;r Stzkwfud k tky fud ki f
y Gwfoyfvmonf?
_r<rif;r Sm 7ifxJodr f hodr f hwke foGm;onf? olr>vufuav;
wpfbufuvnf; tvdktav#mufyif ol7de f>aygifjum;od k ha7mufoGm;
onf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;wefud k qkyfud ki fr donf? vD;onfrmawmif
aeaomfvnf; udki f7onfuawmh El;El;nH hnH h@ S donf? aEG;aEG;axG;axG;
@S donf?
ol h7 de f hvufacsmi f ;wpfacsmi f ;u _r<rif ;apmufacgi f ;xJav#m
ueJ0i fvmonf? _r<rif ;>vufuav;rsm;uvnf; ol7 de f>vD;ud k
qkyfud ki fv#uf xufatmufvSKyf@ Sm;yGwfoyfaerdonf?
onfaemufwGifawmh ol7de fu_r<rif;>tzkwfud k | vuf!S d K ;
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ESi f hxd k ;uvdyGwfqGay;um| _r<rif;uvnf; ol7de fud k~ Gi f ;wd kufay;ae
onfhta_ctaers d K ; a7mufoGm;juavawmhonf?
E Sp fa<mufvH k ;touf@ SL _yi f ;um w[if;[if ; _zp faejuonf?
_r<rif;7ifxJr Smawmh vSyfvSy fu<fzd kvd k h ? td kav? touf@SL7wm
awmif r0ovdkvd k? juufoD;awGuvnf; wzsef;zse f;?
onfaemufwGi fawmh _r<rif ;wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke fc g
v#u f av[m_yi fx Jw Gi fa _rmy go Gm ;ovd k _zp fum apmufz kw fx Jr S
apmuf7nfjunfrsm; w7a[m<dkp dr f hp D ;usvmavawmhonf?
Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -td k ß
_r<rif;>ESKwfzsm;rS a<mif<rf;uma7@Gwf_rnfwrf;rdonf?
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Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -td k ß
_r<ri f ;onf E S Kw fz s m ;r S a<mi f<r f ;um a7@ Gw fr don f ?
xd kaemuf _zwfueJEd k ;vmonf?
_r<ri f ;7i ft7r f ;c k e f aeonf ? _y D ;awm hapmu fz kw fuvnf ;
azmi f ; juGum t7nfawGp d k@ $ Jaeonf? olr>vufwpfbufuvnf;
aygifjum;rStzkwfud kE S d Kufv#ufom;?
tpw Gi f awm h _r<ri f ;r S m ajumi ftr f ;tr f ; _ zp f aeonf ?
aemufr Sr dr dt dy fay sm fo Gm ;7mr S tdy frufruf _y D ; ve f hE d k ;vm; _ci f ; _zp f
ajumif;odonf?
tdy frufqd kaomfvnf; _zpf7yfuawmh wu<fud kqef ;onf?
vufawG hjuHK7onfESi f h bmr#r_cm;em;? tzkwfrSmt7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ J
aewmudky Jjunfhav? _yD;awmhrdr donf tdyfrufruf7if; ud k<f htzkwf
ud k<f_yefES d Kufum yGwfoyfrdc J hygava7mvm;?
wpfa<mufa<mufrsm;_rifoGm;7iftcuf?
_r<rif;onf teD;ywf0ef;usifud kvSnf hywfum tuJcwfjunfh
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r donf? 7xm;juD ;u w~s H K ;~ s H K ;w~suf~ sufE Si f ht@ S de ft[ke f _yi f ;p Gm
ckwfarmif;aeqJ? 7xm;ckwfarmif;aeonfht@S de fajumif h 7xm;wG Jonf
odrf hodrf hav;vSKyfcgaeonf?
7xm ;w G Jx J @ S dv l r s m ;uawm h _i d r fou fp G mt dy f ae juonf ?
bmoHr#rjum;7? rD;rsm;ud kvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;rS dwfxm;_yD? wG JtpGe f;
bufwHcg;em;@S d rD;yGi f hwyGif hom xGef;!S dxm;onf?
_r<rif;onf rsufvH k ;ud ktom_yefrS dwfumtdyfvd kufonf?
arS;ueJtdyfaysm foGm;cd kuf wpH kwa<mufu tomykwfES d K ; _cif;
ud k cH7onf?
Þ a[h<rif; x- -x ß
em;em;wGi fuyfI cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ymqd koHud kvnf; jum;7
onf? tdy fraysm f hwaysm f _zp faeavaom_r<rif;onf csufcsi f ;yi fE d k ;
um xxd ki fonf? ol hem;wGi frmvmwifa7mufaeonfud kawG h7onf?
rmvmwwifu _r<rif ;tm;toHrxGufap7e ftcsuf _yonf htae_zi f h
E S kwfcrf;ay:wGifvufacsmif;wacsmif;uyfum _yaeonf?
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_y D;awmh wpfbufod k h tomar;aig h _yonf?
wp fbufc ke fw Gi f <k< karm fE Si f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k h E S p f a<mufonf
cy fuke f ;uke f ;uGuGav;_zi f h wpfbufod k hac smi f ; junf haeovd k@ S daeju
onf?
Þ _idrf_i dr fav;ae? [dkbufrSm tvkyf_zpfaeju_yD? vm- -
igwd k hvnf;acsmif;junfhjupd k h ? toHvH k ;0rxGufapeJ haemf? ydyd7d7dvnf;
junfh? wu<fhaumif;wJ hy G JuG ß
rmvmwifu _r<ri f ; jum;E d li f@ k H wD ;wd k ;avoHuav;_zi f h
a_ymonf? xdkod ka_ym7mY _r<rif;>em;em;wGif uyfa_ymonf_zpf7m
rmvmwif>ESmacgi f ;r Sm _r<rif ;>yg; _yi fud kxdvkrwwfyi f _zp fonf?
ESm0xGufoufavrsm;uawmh _r<rif;>yg;_yifud ky laEG;p Gmyif xdawG h
rdjuonf?
_r<rif;>7ifxJwGif bmvdkvd kE Si f hvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;7onf?
_r<rif;onf wpfbufc ke fwef ;ay:od k h tomav;wufvd kuf
onf? td ki f7i f ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hu _r<rif;0i fvmEd li f@ k H ae7mcs Jay;
juonf? _r<rif;onf xd kr de f ;uav;ESp fa<mufjum;od k h tomwd k;
1 6
0ifvd kuf7onf? juyfjuyfwnf;wnf;_zpf7m udk<fcsif;xdrdjuonf?
txl;o_zif h td ki f7if;>tdxGm;aomnmbuf7ifom;qd ki fjuD;ud k
_r<rif;>b<fbufvufarmif ; _zi f hxdr d7m tdaxG;E l ;nH haomtdtawG h
tm@k Hud k cHpm;7onf?
olwd k honf 7xm;xd ki fcke faemufrS Dwef;tjum;rSaeI acgif;uav;
rsm;ykum aemufrS Dwef;tjum;rSaeI wpfbufxd ki fc ke fud k acsmif;junfh
aeju_cif;_zpfonf?
bmud kr Sr_ri f7ao;yg? yxrqH k ; _r<rif ;@ S Lr donfr Sm pl ;@ S@ S |
csO fp ky fp ky fE Si f h ar$;aw;aw;_zif hxl;_cm;aom7eH hwpfrs d K ; _zpfonf?
tvif ;a7mi fuody fraumi f ; ? 0 d k ;w0g ;om@ S donf? 0 d k ;w0g ;
tvif ;a7mi fwGi f rsufap husi f hom;7oGm;awm h tawmfav;_ri fom
xifomvmonf?
_rif7onfuawmh- -?
q7mra':xm;7i fE Si f hx d kvljuD ;E Sp fa<muf yl ;y l ;uyfuyfxd ki f
aejuonf? olwd k hud k<fay:wGi f teDuGufjum;tnmapmifwpfxnf
1 7
v$r f ; _c H Kxm;onf? apmi fuatmufod k h cy fav#mav#musIaeonf?
_y D ;awmhapmi fatmufbufwGi fvS Ky f@ Sm;r S K@ S daeonfud kvnf; odomEd li f
onf?
b<fvd kvS Ky f@ Sm;r S Krs d K ; _zp fonfud kawmh wyftyfrodaomfvnf;
_r<rif;pdwfuawmh t7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;vd k hae7yg_yD? em;xifem;7if;awG
ylxlv#uf?
x d ktc d ku fr S myi f a':xm;7i f>wD ;w d k ; a _ymo Hay:vmonf ?
cy fwd k ;wd k ;a _ym_ci f ; _zp faomfvnf; _r<rif ;wd k haumi f ;p Gmjum;7onf?
pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;zG<f7mpum;rsm;yifwnf;?
Þ tm;[m;[m;- -ud katmifxl;7<f- -uÈefrwd k h' Dvd kvky fz d k h
raumif;bl;xifw<f- -[d k- -[d k- -wpfa<mufa<mufawG hoGm;
7if tcufyJ [if h[if htd k- - ß
onftcgwGi fr S xd kvljuD;>trnfr Smud katmifxl; _zp fajumif ;
rde f;uav;rsm;odjuonf?
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>em;em;od k huyfum wpfp H kwpf7m
wD;wd k ;a_ymvd kufonf? wd k ;vGe f ;aomajumif h _r<rif;wd k hrjum;E d li f ?
od k haomf a':xm;7if>rsufvH k;rsm;ta7mifawmufvmum apmifatmuf
1 8
rSvSKyf@ Sm;rS KawG_refvmonfud kawmh aumif;aumif;awG hju7onf?
apmapmu rdrd _rifrufcJ h7aomtdyfrufud k _r<rif;_yefowd7
rdonf? ol7de fE Si f hr dr dwd k htdyfrufxJrSm_yKcJ hjuovdkrsm; ud katmifxl;ESi f h
q7mra':xm;7i fwd k h vky faejuwmvm;[kawG;onf? xd ktawG;u
_r<rif;>pdwfud k yd kvS Ky f@ Sm;aponf? pdwfomr[kwf? tzkwfxJyg
vSKyf@ Sm;vmonf? pd kvmonf?
<k<karmfonf a@S hod k hy d kwd k ;onf? yd k _rif7atmifjudK;pm;onf?
_r<rif ;uvnf; aoaocsmcsmp l ;p d kufjunf h7m ud katmifxl;>aygi f
jum;ae7m@ S dapmi fr Sm xd k ;xd k ;axmi faxmi f _zp faeonfud k owd_yKr d
onf?
ud katmifxl;>rsufvH k ;tjunfhu rdr dwd k hy ke f ;atmif;umacsmif ;
junfhaeaom ckefaemufwef;ae7mqDod k hwpfcsufjunfhum rsufESmrSm
_y H K ;oa<mifa<mif _zp foGm;onfud kvnf; _r<rif ;aumif ;aumif ;juD ;
_rifvd kuf7onf?
tvd k? <rif;wd k hacsmi f ;junf haewm 'DvljuD;odaewmygvm;
_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;vd kufrdonf?
1 9
udkatmifxl;onf oufoufomomxd ki fvd kufonf? olonf
tky fxm;aomapmifud kvnf; rodromvd kvd kE Si f h atmufod k htomav;
qG Jcsay;aeonf?
_r<rif;>tawG;wpfcsufrrSm;yg? rde f ;uav;rsm;acsmif ;junf h
aejuonfud k ud katmifxl;u aumif;aumif;7dyfr donf?
ud katmifxl;qd koluvnf; rdef;rrS KayGol_zpfonf?
tjuHtze fvnf ;aumi f ;onf? r de f ;rr sm ;>w^Sm7rufp dw f
ES d K ;qGEd li fonfh aq;0g;ypPnf;rsm; udkatmifxl;xHwGift_rJ@S daeonf?
Oyrm a':xm;7ifud kwd kufcJ honfhbdvyf7nfqd kygawmh? bdvyf
7nfxJwGi f 7rufjuGaq;ESi f h t7ufud ka7mpyfxm;onf? t7ufu
wifvJ_zL?
wifvJ_zLqd konf ht7ufrs d K ;onf azsm f7nfwpfc kc kE Si f ha7mvd kuf
v#i f t7ufe H haysmufonf? _yD ;awmh olutaoG;tom;ud kE d k ; juGap
7m umr7rufpdwfud kvnf; aphaqmfay;Ed li fonfhtmedoif@S donf?
_yD;awmh Ø vyfzf'a7mhyf× ac:onfhr de f;rrsm;7rufjuGaponfh
2 0
aq;puft7nfrsm;ud kvnf; a7mpyfxnfhay;xm;onf?
onfbdvyf7nfud kwd kufauÈ;xm;_y D ; vdr Rmyg ;ey fp Gmud ki fwG<f
vd k hawmh q7mra':xm;7ifbmcHEd li frnfenf;? a[m- -<ck udkatmif
xl;vufckyfxJua7_zpfae_yD?
u d k atmi fx l ;onf a':xm;7i ft ky fx de f ; ac:aqmi fvmonf h
aumifri<fi<fuav;awGud kyg juHcsi faeonf? a':xm;7ifud ktyd ki f
ud ki f _y D ;v#i f xd kaumifrav;awGud kygqufus H K ;oGi f ;I t7cs d Ki fz d k hp dwf
ul;xm;onf?
<ckawmh udkatmifxl;tzd k h tuGufaumif;0ifvm_yD? aumifr
av;awGwpfbufc ke fwef ;aemufr S Dud ktumtuG<f<l_y D ;acsmi f ;junf hae
juonf? junf hjuygapav? 'gr Sol htzd k h onfaumifrav;awGud k
us H K ;oGif;z d k hy d kvG<fulrnfr[kwfygvm;?
u d k atmi fx l ;u aumi frav;aw Gy d k _ ri fu Gi f ; aumi f ; atmi f
rodromyifzefwD;ay;aeonf?
u d k atmi fx l ;on f apmapmuvd kto Hu d k E S d r f h rxm ;awm hy J
aumifrav;awGygjum;Ed li fatmif a_ymqd kavawmhonf?
2 1
Þ bmrSylraeygeJ h rxm;7<f? tm;vH k;tdyfaejuyg_yD? wG Japmif h
vnf; od k;ae_yD? ud k<fwd k hE Sp fa<mufyJEd k ;aejuwm? uJ- -uJ- -
rxm;ud kaumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmif vkyfay;rSmyguG? [kwfvm;ß
onfwpfcgawmh udkatmifxl;a_ymonfhpum;rsm;ud kr l _r<rif;
wd k haumif;aumif;juD;jum;ju7onf? apmifr Smvnf; atmufbufod k h
a_yav#musoGm;7m b<fvd kr StzH k ;tumr_zpfawmh?
apmapmu apmifuG<faeonfhtwGuf aocsmpGmrawGhc J h7onfh
_rifuGi f ;rsm;onf <ckawmhtxif;om;? t@Si f ;om;? aumif;aumif;
juD;_rifE d li f _y D?
a':xm;7i f>xrDE Si f htwGi f ;c Hy dwfvH kuGi f ;wd k hu d k aygi f7i f ;od k h
a7mufatmif vSe fwifxm;onf? _zLazG ;awmif hoefavaomaygi fwef
wkwfwkwf_zd K;_z d K;juD;rsm;u tumtuG<fuif;pGmay:aeonf?
a':xm;7if>aygifrsm;onf cyfum;um;?
ay gi f7i f ;~ Gq H k r S apmu far $ ; rn f ;rn f ;r s m ;tjum;w Gi f awm h
ud katmifxl;>vuf!S d K;u t_ywfud ktvkyf@S Kyfaeonf?
2 2
tvi f ;a7mi ftm ;en f ;onf htwGu f ay gi f c G jum ;r St _zp fu d k
xif@ Sm;y D _yifp Gmr_rifE d li faomfvnf; ud katmifxl;uq7mra':xm;7if>
apmu fz kw fx Jo d k h vuf! S d K ; E S i f hx d k ; ar $ ae _ci f ; _ zp f a jumi f ;u d k awm h
aoaocsmcsmjuD;odEd li fayonf?
_r<ri f ;r Sm apmufz kwfxJwGi fxl ; _cm;p Gm vS Ky f@ Sm ;vmr S Kud k
c Hpm;7onf? td k- -7ifxJuvnf; zd karmaewmyJav?
xd k h _yi f a':xm;7if>nmvufrSmvnf; cyfomomvSKy f@ Sm;ae
ajumif;ud kvnf; _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? _r<rif;>rsufvH k ;tjunfh
onf xdkvufarmif;wav#mufa@G hvsm;oGm;onf?
xd kaemufa':xm;7if>nmvufacsmif;rsm;u rwfawmifaeav
aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k qky fud ki fxm;onfud k _ri f7aomtcgwGi fawm h
_r<rif ;c_rmtjuD;tus<fxdwfvef hwke fvS Ky ft H h jooGm;um yg;py fr S
a<mif<rf;a7@Gwfawmhrwwf_zpfoGm;onf?
<k<karm fu _r<rif;>vufarmif ;ud ktomqdwfumowday;
vd kufIom awmfayawmhonf? <k<karmfonfvnf; rdr dawG h7onfh
_rifuGif;ud kawG h _rif_yD;_zpfonfud k _r<rif;em;vnfoGm;onf?
2 3
_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>vufacsmif;rsm;u vD;wefjuD;ud k
y Gwfwd kufay;aeonfud k p l ;p l ;p d kufp d kufjuD ;yi f junf h7i f ; apmapmu
_rifrufcJ h7aomtdyfrufud k _yeftrSwf7aeonf?
cy f0 g ;0 g ;tvif ;a7mi fatmufr Smyi f vD ;we fxdy fz sm ;r S'p f juD ;
e D7 J _y Jvefaeonfud k _r<rif ;aumif ;aumif ;juD;awG h7onf? xd k h _yi f
vD ;xdy fz sm ;qDr St7nfjunfav;rsm; p dr f hx Gufae7m a':xm;7i fu
~Gi f ;wd kufay;aerS Kajumif h xd kt7nfjunfrsm;onf vD;xdy f'p f _y Jvef
juD;ud k okwfvdrf;ay;ovdk_zpfv#uf a_ymifvufIaeonf?
ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;u tawmfud kjuD;onf? _r<rif;onf
a':xm;7i fq ky fu d ki fum~ Gi f ;w k du fay;aeavaomvD ;we f ju D ;>t@ G<f
tpm;ud k pdwf_zif hcef hr Se f;umjunfhvd kufrdonf?
vD;u t@Snf(12)vufrcef h@ S drnf? vH k ;ywfuawmhbdvyf7nf
y kvif ;zi f0 d ki f ;avmufwkwfavrnfvm;? a':xm;7if>vufacsmi f ;r sm;
onf vD;wefvH k ;ywfud k ywfrdatmifrqkyfud ki fE d li fajumif; _r<rif;
owd_yKr donf?
_r<rif;>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfrSm t_ywfud kr d k hazmif;c ke f ;xI
ae_yD? t7nfawGpd kaewmuvnf; ra_ymygeJ hawmh?
2 4
_r<rif;onf yifwDac:twGif;cHabmif;bDav;ud k0wfxm;onf?
abmif;bDav;uao;onfht_yif juyfjuyfvnf;_zpfonf? ckef;r d k hxvm
aomapmufzkwfrSm abmif;bD~God ki f;ud k t_ywfxdrdaeonf? t7nfjunf
rsm;ajumif h ap;uyfuyfvnf;@S dae_yef7m _r<rif;r Smtawmfud ktae7
cufaeonf?
aumhaxmi fwufaeavonf hapmufap hu twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bD
cGjum;ud k xd k;r daxmufrdaewmu tae7tcufqH k;?
Þ td k junfhygvm;- -[if h- -@Sif h[mjuD;u t7rf;ud kjuD;_yD;
wkwfvd kufwmaemf- - ß
q7mra':xm;7ifu tHjudwfumwD;wd k ;a7@Gwfonf? olr>
vufacsmi f ;awGuawmh cy foGufoGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;um ~Gi f ;wd kufay;ae
onf?
Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -uÈefrb<favmufjumjum_ywfvyfae
7w<fqd kwm @Sifrodbl;aemf- -@Sifrodbl;? [if;[if;- -td k- -
tarh- -[if h ß
_r<rif;onf tdyfrufud k _yefowd7onf? olr>apmufzkwfxJ
2 5
odk h a<mufsm;wpfa<mufu vufacsmif;_zif hxd k ;xnfhum uvday;wm
udk vufawGhc Hpm;ae7ovdkvnf; xifa<mifxifrSm;_zpfonf?
Þ wu<fawmh- -uÈefrwd k h 'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfaejuzd k h raumif;
ygbl;? aumifrav;awGawGhoGm;7if- -td k- -td k- -[if h[if h- - ß
a':xm;7ifc_rm pum;ud ka_zmif hatmifra_ymEd li f@ Sm? ud katmif
xl ;u ol hvufacsmi f ;ud k vSnf hywfxd k ;ar $Iay;vm7m a':xm;7i f
wpfa<muf w[ifh[if hwtif htif h _zpfae7onf?
u d k atmi fx l ;on f a' :xm ;7i f>ay gi f r s m ;u d k y d k _ z Jon f ?
a':xm;7i f>aygi fr sm;y d kum;oGm;7m junf haejuonf hr de f ;uav;rsm;
tzd k h yd k _ri fuGi f ;aumif;vmonf? apmufz kwfxJod k h vufacsmi f ; _zi f h
xd k ;E S d Kufum uvday;aerSK | apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm; yGif hvefvSKyf
@ Sm;juyH kwd k hud kyg aumif;pGm_rifEd li fvmonf?
a[m- -<rif;wd k hacsmif;junfhaewm 'DvljuD;aoaocsmcsmud k
o daeonf? olu wrifud ky d k _ri fE d li fatmi f vky faewmyguvm;[k
_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf?
ud katmifxl;onf ol>aygi fud kvnf;y d kum;v#uf cg;ud kvnf;
2 6
cyfaumhaumhvkyfaeayao;onf? TwGifol hvdifwefjuD;ud k a':xm;7if
u vuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum ~Gif;wd kufay;aeyH k _rifuGif;u yd kxif@Sm;vm
onf?
_r<rif;wd k hr de f;uav;wpfod kuftae_zif h a':xm;7if>vufvSKyf
@ Sm;~ Gi f ;wd kufay;rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;>a~G;OjuD;rsm;wvSKy fvS Ky f _zpf
aeyH kud kyg awGh7_rif7onf?
Þ aumi frav;awG _ri fo Gm ;awm haum bm_zp fv Jrxm;7 J h ?
o lwd k htz d k h aumi f ;aumi f ; junf hp7m@ S Kp7m_zp fo Gm ;r Smayg h ? tif ;- -
rxm;ae7mr S mo lw d k h a7mu fae7i fvn f ; rxm;v d k y J aumi f ; aumi f ;
pnf;pdr fawG haerSmayg h [kwfbl;vm; ß
ud katmi fxl ;u ol hvD ;ud kq ky fud ki fum ~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;aeav
aom a':xm;7ifud ka_ymonf? a':xm;7ifud ka_ym_cif ; _zp faomfvnf;
xd kpum;rsm;onf rdr dwd k hud k7nf@ G<fajumif ; _r<rif;aumif ;aumif ;
o donf? _r<ri f ;r Sm a':xm;7i fae7mwGi fr dr doma7mufaev#i f[k
awG;um pdwft7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;vm7onf? ud katmifxl;>vufacsmif;
juD;u <ckyif rdr d>apmufacgi f ;xJ wd k ;0i fuvdvmaeovd kvd kyi f
cHpm;7onf?
2 7
udkatmifxl;onf yg;pyfua_ym7if; apmufzkwfud kxd k ;uvdae
aomvufud kvnf; yd kIoGufoGufESi f h _ref_refvSKyf@ Sm;ay;onf? a':xm;
7ifrSm nnf;oHoJ hoJ hav;rsm;_yKum yd kI_ref_ref~Gi f;wd kufay;onf?
a':xm;7ifonf vD;wefvHk;ywfudk vufacsmif;rsm;_zifhqkyfudkifum
~ Gi f ;wd ku fay;ae7i f ; vD ;'p fud k vufr_zi f hz dy Gw fay;onf? Ttcg
vD;xdyfzsm;r Sp dr f hxGufvmonfht7nfjunfav;rsm;u 'pf_y JvefjuD;ud k
y d kIvdr f ;us Honf? vD;'p f _y JvefjuD;onf yd kta7mi fvufawmufvm
onf?
Þ ' Dpum;r s d K ; awm hra _ymy ge J hu d k atmi fx l ;7< f ? o lw d k hu d k
uÈefru xdef;odrf;apmif ha@Smufay;7rSmyg@Si f ß
q7mra':xm;7ifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?
ud katmifxl;u cpfueJ7<farmum qD;pyfud kaumhaumhwifay;
onf? TwGifol>vD;juD;u a':xm;7ifvufxJwGif aig hueJaig hueJ
xd k;Iaeavawmhonf?
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -vkyfraeygeJ h? usKyfwd k hE Sp fa<mufrEWav;
wnf;c d k7 dy fomutcef ;ud ka7mufoGm;pr f ;ygap? cifAsm;e J hus Ky ftJ' Dusr S
2 8
aumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;vd k ; juaqmfjuwmayg h ? ci fA sm ;ud kaumi f ;aumi f ;
umrpnf;pdr fawG hatmif usKyfuvdk;ay;rSmyg? cifAsm;t7rf;ud kZ dr f7pf_yD;
tJ' Daumifrav;awGud kapmi f ha@ Smufz d k h | tky fxde f ;z d k hqd kwmawG owd
awmif7awmhrSmr[kwfbl; ß
ud katmi fx l ;a _ymvd ku fonf hpum;r sm ;r Sm at;pufy d k i fE d l i fr S K
awGt_ynfhygae7m jum;vd kuf7onfh_r<rif;rSm ausmxJwGifat;pdrf hI
yifoGm;rdonf?
xd ktcs de fwGi f <k<karmf>vufacsmif;rsm;u _r<rif;>vuf
armif;wpfbufud k tomqkyfud ki fonf? xd kvufacsmif;rsm;u _idrf_i dr f
rae? a':xm;7ifvD;ud kud ki fI ~Gi f ;wd kufay;aeaomvSKy f@ Sm;r S Ktwd ki f ;
_r<rif ;>vufarmi f ;ud k tomqky fud ki fum xufatmufy Gwfwd kuf
vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?
Þ uJ- -cyfoGufoGufcyf_ref_refav; ~Gif;wd kufay;prf;rxm;?
usKyfv7nfawGxGufvmawmhr<f ß
ud katmifxl;u a_yma_ymqd kqd k qD;pyfud kqwfueJqwfueJ
aumhaumhxd k ;wifay;onf? xd kod k haumhxd k ;wifvd kufwd ki f ; a':xm;7if
vufxJ@S dvD;acsmif;juD;u aig hueJaig hueJ xd k;axmifwufvmonf?
2 9
t_ri fuawm h yu fpu fv Sonf ? _r<ri f ;onf junf h7i f ;
7i fodr f hwke fvm7m atmf[pfa7@ Gwf _ci f ;r_yKr d7avatmif renf;ud k
xde f;odrf;ae7onf?
xd ktcs de fr Smyif rdr d>aemufausmay:od k h wpfa<mufa<muf
wd k;uyfvmonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;od7onf? rd k htdaom7ifom;qd ki fE Sp fc k
u _r<rif;>vuf_yifud k tdueJyifxdrdonf? xd kr#omru aEG;axG;
aomxGufoufavuvnf; ~kwfom;rsm;ud kxdawG hvm_yefonf?
aemu fv Sn f h r jun f h aom fvn f ; onfv d kw d k ;uy fvmo lr S m
7c d k i fo luav;rmvmwi f _zp fa jumi f ; _r<ri f ;tvd kv d k yi fo donf ?
rmvmwifonf _r<rif;>aemufausmud kwd k ;uyfv#uf ud katmifxl;
E Si f ha':xm;7ifwd k hE Sp fa<muf okwfxGuf| apmuf7nfxGufE Si f h Ø_y D ; ×
juawmhrnfht_zpfud k tirf;r7_zif hvSrf;junfhonf?
odyfawmhrjumyg?
q7mra':xm;7ifu t7if Ø_yD;× onf? xdkod k h Ø_yD;× oGm;
onf htc g a':xm;7i fr S m 7i faw Gaum hv #u f zi f ju D ;onfvnf ;
xd ki fc ke fr St_ywfud kjuGwufvmonf? ESKwfcrf;om;ESp fc k[ww_zpfoGm;
um oGm;awGuawmhaphxm;onf?
3 0
ap hxm;aomoGm;r sm ;tjum;r S wtpftp fwtktk toHr sm ;
xGufaeonf? olr>wpfud k<fvH k ;r Smr l rjuH K7wmjum_y D _zp faom
umrpnf;pdr f>@k dufcwfrS K _zif h qwfqwfwkefcgIaeonf?
u d katmi fx l ;uvnf ; tvd ku fo dp G m _zi f h o l>vuf!S d K ;u d k
t@ S de fcy f _yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f h apmufacgi f ;ay gufxJxd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fxkwfvky fay;
aeonf? apmufap hud kvnf; yGwfqG Jonf? wysp fy sp ftoHav;rsm;
cyfoJ hoJ hay:vmonf?
c^tjumwGi f a':xm;7if _i dr fusoGm;onf? od k haomfolr>
vufacsmi f ;awGuawmh vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kqky fud ki fxm;qJ? ~Gi f ;quf
wd kufay;aeqJ? onfwpfcgawmh ud katmifz l ;a7@ Gwf _rnfwrf ;7rnf h
tvSnfh?
u d k atmi fx l ;>touf@ S Lo H r S m r D ; 7xm ; ac g i f ;w G J ju D ;v d k
w@ SL ;@ S L ;w@ S J@ S Jyi f _rnfvmonf? cg ;ud kvnf;qwfueJqwfueJaumh
wifay;rS Ku tvGef_refvmonf?
onfaemufawmh ud katmifxl;>vD;wefxdyfzsm;r S _zLazG;ysp f
cÈ Jaomokwf7nfrsm; yspfueJyef;xGufvmonf?
3 1
_r<rif;rSm yg;pyfr Sa7@Gwfatmf[pfrdvk_zpfoGm;7onf? pdwfrSm
vnf; t_ywfud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?
xGufvmaomokwf7nfawGu tawmfud krsm;onf? vD;xyfzsm;
r Squfvufye f ;x Gu faeonf ? a':xm;7i fonf ure f ;uwe f ;yi f
okwf7nfrsm;ud k vufz0g;ESi f hc H<lxm;vd kuf7onf? r[kwfv#ifokwf7nf
r sm;onf a':xm;7i f>t0wftpm;awGay:usa7mufp Ge f ;xi f ;ayuse f
uke frnfr[kwfygvm;?
ud katmi fxl ;uawmh w@SL ;@ S L ;w@S J@ S Jtouf_yi f ; _yi f ;@ S Lv#uf
okwf7nfr sm ;ye f ;x kwfaeqJ? a':xm;7i f>vufacsmi f ;r sm ;tjum;r S
<d kp dr f husvmaom okwf7nfyspfyspfrsm;yspf_zL_zLtcs d K honf udkatmifxl;
>qD;py f@ S dvD ;ar $ ;r sm;ay: tpufuav;rsm;t_zp f wifuke f juonf?
'gud kjunfh7if; _r<rif;wd k holi<fcsif;av;a<mufrSm touf@SLzd k hud kyif
arhukefju7onf? 7ifuw'dwf'dwfcke faejuonf?
xd ktcs de fr Smyif vD;xdyfzsm;r S aemufqH k ;okwf7nfwpfcsufyef;
xGuf_yD;aemuf udkatmifxl;>vufESpfbufonf oGufvuf_refqefpGm
vSKyf@Sm;vmonf?
nmvufua':xm;7if>vnf~kwfud k qkyfud ki fonf? b<fvuf
3 2
uawm h o kw f7n fr s m ;c H< lxm;aoma':xm;7i f>nmbufvufu d k
_zwfueJqkyfonf? a':xm;7ifu twif;@ ke f ;uefz d k h judK;pm;ao;onf?
od k haom f ud katmi fxl ;uoefrm_y D ; cs Ky fud ki fzr f ;qky fxm;onfrsm;u
_rJ_r HvSaomajumif h a':xm;7ifc_rm b<fvk dr S@ ke f ;xGufvd k hr7Ed li f?
ud katmifxl;onf nmvuf_zi f ha':xm;7if>acgi f ;ud k rvSKy f
@Sm;Ed li fatmif csKyfud ki fxm;_yD; b<fvuf_zif hqkyfud ki fxm;aomnmvuf
z0g;ud ktay:od k hqG Jwifonf? a':xm;7ifu awmif hc Hxm;onf? 'gay
r<fh a':xm;7iftae_zif h ud katmifxl;>oefpGrf;aomtiftm;ud k r<SOf
Ed li f? xd k h _yif ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7ifud k pdwf"gwftiftm;t7
vnf; v$rf;rd k ;xm;Ed li f _y D_zpf7m a':xm;7if>awmif hc Hxm;rS Ku bmr#
t7mra7mufay?
okwf7nfrsm;ud kc H<lxm;aomnmvufz0g;onf tay:od k hw_znf;
_znf;juGwufvmonf?
acsmi f ;junf haejuonfhaumifrav;rsm;r Sm t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f
@ Sm;vmjuonf? 7ifawGuvnf; w'def;' de f ;c ke f7m 7ifcke foHrsm;ud kyif
em;_zif hyifjum;ae7ovdkvd k?
aemufqH k ;awmh a':xm;7if>vufz0g;rSm yg;pyfem;od k ha7muf
3 3
vmonf? vufz0g;_yifay:wGifwifaeonfhokwf7nfyspfcÈ Jc J È _zL_zLrsm;
uawmh a':xm;7if>yg;pyfem;wGifuyfv#uf wnfhwnfhrwfrwf?
Þ uJ- -vuf0g;ay:uv7nfawGud k7ufvd kufprf;rxm;?
cifAsm;'Dvd krs d K ;7ufjunfhcsifaeygw<fav? usKyfodw<f? cifAsm;ud k
cifAsm;q7mrqdk_yD; xdef;aewmr[kwfvm;? 'gud karhypfvd kufprf;ygAsm
uJ- -7ufav? bmvkyfaewmvJ ß
ud katmifxl;>at;pufrmajumonfhtoHESif ha_ymonf?
xd ktoHwGifjoZmtm^mtaiG htoufawGut_ynfh?
rde f;uav;rsm;u rsufvH k ;t0d ki f ;om;ESi f hjunfhaejuqJrSmyif
q7mra':xm;7if>yg;pyfav;[v#uf eD7Jp Gwfpd kaom@Smu @Suf@G H h@ G H h _zif h
wd k;xGufvmonf?
xGufvmaom@Smzsm;u vufz0g;ay:rSokwf7nfrsm;ud k xdawG h
r dvd kufcs de fwGif a':xm;7if>udk<fqwfueJwkefoGm;onfud k _r<rif;
wd k hav;a<mufaumif;aumif;juD;_rifju7onf? a':xm;7ifqwfueJ
wkefovdk olwd k hav;a<mufvH k;>7ifvnf; 'de f;ueJcke fonf?
onfaemufwGifawmh- -?
3 4
q7mra':xm;7ifonf okwf7nfrsm;ud k@ Sm_zi f h7ufumuavmf
ay;v#uf yg;pyfxJod k h<l_yD; aomufrs d Kcsavawmhonf?
Þ at;- -'Dvd kr Sayg hrxm;7J h ? 7ufav; tm;vH k ;a_ymifoGm;
atmifaoaocsmcsm7uf_y D ; rs d Kc syp fvd kufpr f ;yg? 'g[mrxm;twGuf
yxroifcef;pmyJ ß
ud katmifxl;u auseyftm;7pGma_ymonf?
tpyd ki f;wGif cyf@G H h@ G H hcyfwGef hwGef h _zpfaeaomfvnf; rjumrDrSmyif
a':xm;7ifonf tm;7yg;7tirf;r7yif7uf<lae7m wysyfysyftoHrsm;
yifay:xGufvmavawmhonf?
_r<rif ;wd k hvlp kr Smvnf; apmuf7nfjunfawG<d kp dr f ht Husum
wu<ftvdk;rcHyg7yJESi f h wpfcs Dp D Ø_yD;× ukefju7avawmhonf?
7xm;juD;uawmh tarSmifxkud kc Gi f ;um w~sH K ;~s H K ;w~suf~suf
ESi f hc kwfarmif;aeqJ?
3 5
tcef;(2)
_r<rif;onf a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr Stomav#mufvSr f ;xGufvmonf?
olronfar $ ;y Gr sufE Smokwfy0gjuD ;ud k xrD7i fvsm;oabmrs d K ;7p fywf
xm;onf?
r sufE Smokwfy0gjuD ;onf tawmfyi f juD ;onfr Se faom fvnf;
xr Davmufawm h te Hr@ S d ? 7i fom;r sm ;ay:w Gi fyw fIpnf ;xm;7m
atmufbufyd ki f ;wGif aygif7if;omomavmuftxdoma7mufonf?
odyfawmhvH kvH kvJvJr@S dvSyg? 'gayr<f hbm_zpfao;vJ? ud k<f h
tcef;xJrSmud k<f wHcg;ydwf_yD;@ S daewmyJ? b<folawG_rifwmvd kufvd k h?
_r<rif;onfTodk hawG;um wpfa<mufwnf;_yH K;onf?
o l rtz d k hon fv d k r su f E S mo kw f y0 g ju D ;u d komyw fxm ;v #u f
a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr SxGufvm7r S Kr Sm t7r; fud kxl ; _cm;onf htawG htjuH K _zp f
on f ? E d l i f i H _ cm ;@ k y f @ S i f r s m ;x Jw Gi f Zmw fv d ku fri f ;or D ; r s m ;on f
onf hE S< f _y Ky H k r sm ;u d k junf h _y D ; _r<ri f ; ju dw fumtm;usaec J honf?
tm;us@k Hom@S donf? tdrfrSmonfvd kvkyfEd li fc Gi f h vH k;0r@S dc J h?
3 6
_r<rif;>rdcifu pnf;urf;juD;onf? a7cs d K ;ce f ;r SxGufv#i f
xrDud kaooyfpGm7ifvsm;7onfomru tay:rSrsufESmokwfy0g_zif hvnf;
ususeecs H K7ao;onf? <ckawmh a_ymrnf hvlvnf;r@S d ? vGwfvGwf
vyfvyfrd k h wpfa<mufwnf;vkyfcsif7mvkyfaeEd li fonf?
[kwfonf? xdktcef;xJwGif _r<rif;wpfa<mufwnf;?
olwd k hvlpk | rEWav;od k ha7muf_yD;aemuf vyfuD;a[mfw<fwGif
wnf;cd kjuonf? judKwifpDpOfxm;onfhtwd ki f ; olwd k htwGuf tcef;
oH k ;ce f ;u toif h@ S daeonf? _r<rif;E Si f htd ki f7i f ;ba7mif;wd k huwcef; |
<k<karm fE Si f hrmvmwifu wpfce f ; ? q7mra':xm;7i fwp fa<muf
wnf;u wpfcef;?
q7mra':xm;7if>tcef;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k h>tcef;u wquf
wnf;ab;csif;uyfv#uf@S donf? tcef;ESp fc ktjum;wGif ydwfEd li fz Gi f hE d li f
aom eH7HwHcg;wpfck _cm;xm;onf? xd ke H7 HwHcg;ydwfxm;v#if wcef;p D
owfowf? xd ke H7 HwHcg;ud kz Gi f hxm;ygu wpfcef;E Si f hwpfcef;ul;oef;oGm;
vmEd li fv#uf tcef;us<fjuD;wpfckvd k _zpfonf?
_r<rif ;wd k htce f ;u a':xm;7i f>tcef ;E Si f hr sufE Smc si f ;qd ki f ?
jum;rSmawmh pjuFefvrf;@S donf?
3 7
_r<rif;onf oli<fcsif;<k<karmfESi f h wcef;wnf;twlaecsif
onf? od k haomf q7mra':xm;7ifu _r<rif;ud ktd ki f7i f ;E Si f hwpfwG J
ae7mcsay;xm;7m b<fvd kr Sr_iif;qefomcJ hyg?
olwd k honf blwm@k Hr SaeI vD;uD;a[mfw<fod k h wd kuf@k dufvm
cJ honf? vD;uD;a[mfw<fwGif acwWem;ae| a7rd k ;cs d K ;um aehvnfpm
pm;aomufonf? _yD;awmh um;wpfpD;i Sm;_yD; rEWav;_rd K htES H hvnfywf
bk7m;zl;juum nae(7)em7DavmufrS a[mfw<fod k h _yefa7mufonf?
c7 D ;vnf ;ye f ;vmjuonfr d k h naepmpm;aomuf _y D ;onfE Si f h
vlpkc G Jum udk<f htcef;ud kwufum em;juonf?
td ki f7if;uawmh tcef;ud kpwdom_yefonf? csufcsi f ;yift_yif
od k hvpfxGufoGm;7m <cktcs de ftxdawmh _yefay:rvm? tcsde fuvnf;
noef;acgifavmuf@S dae_yDr d k h td ki f7if;_yefvmp7mvnf; tajumif;r@S d?
[Gef h 'Dbd ku_ym;r b<frSmoGm;_yD;b<ftqufeJ hjunfaerSe f;rodygbl;?
onfawmhtcef ;xJr Sm <rif;wpfa<mufwnf;y J _zp fae7awmh
wmayg h ? aumif ;ygw<fav? wpfa<mufwnf;qd kawmh ud k<f hp dwf
ud k<f hoabm? vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaeEd li fwmayg h ? b<fol hud kr Stm;em
axmufxm;aep7m rvdkawmhbl;?
3 8
c7D;yef;aeonfrSmrSe faomfvnf; _r<rif;rSm rsufpdajumifum
tdyfraysm fay? tdyf7ma_ymif;aomajumif hvm;awmh ra_ymwwf?
<ckvnf; td kufpyfpyf@ S daomajumif h a7xcs d K ; _ci f ; _zp fonf?
a7cs d K ;cef;xJwGi f a7yla7at;ESp frs d K ;vd k7mzGi f hIcs d K ;E d li f7m _r<rif;tzd k h
tvGefud koabmawGhcJ h7onf?
p dwfvufayg hy g ;um wpfa<mufwnf;vGwfvGwfvyfvyf@ S dae
aom_r<rif ;onf oDcsi f ;av;wnnf;nnf;E Si f h t0wftpm;rsm;vJ
aeonf?
_r<rif;nnf;aeonfu aZmf0if;xGãf> Ø~EÉm7D× oDcsif;?
Þ nawGa<mifa<mifEd k ;w<f- -tdyfcs de folvmvmES d K ;w<f- -
emrnfac:oHigjum;7w<f- - ß
t0w ftpm ;v Jon fq d k 7 mw Gi fvn f ; ax Gax Gx l ;x l ; awm h
r[kwfyg? nbufvnf; _zp f | vGwfvGwfvyfvyfp dwfjud Kufvnf;ae
Ed li faomajumif h b7mpD<mawG| twGif;c Habmif;bDawGbmawGckcHum
0wfraeawmhy J xrDwpfxyf | tay:uwD@Sy fwpfxyfomaumuf0wf
vd kuf_cif;yg?
3 9
tif;- -onfvd kawmhvnf; ae7xdki f7wm w<foufawmif h
oufom@S dyguvm;? wif;wif;juyfjuyftwGif;cHawGr@S dawmhwmuvnf;
t7omwpfrs d K ; | vGwfvyf_cif;wpfckygyJ?
t0wftpm;vJ_yD;aemuf oDcsif;qufnnf;aeonf?
Þ ol[m tm@k Hr Sm0ifa7mufcJ hw<f- -ig[m a@Smifwmawmif
vmaESmif h<Sufw<f? b<fvd kE Si fE Si fav- -_yefrxGufawmhw<f- - ß
Þ zwfzwf- - ß
wHcg;acgufoHav; cyfoJ hoJ hay:vmonf? wHcg;acguf_cif;awmif
r[kwf? tomvufz0g;_zif hy kwf_cif;?
_r<rif;onf oDcsi f ;tnnf;7yfum csufcsi f ;yi fwHcg ;em;od k h
ta_y;a7mufoGm;onf? tvnfxGufoGm;oltd ki f7i f ; _ye fa7mufvm
wmvm;? 'Daumif b<fenf;eJ hrsm; tcs de frawmfjuD;'Dud kta7muf_yef
vmEd li fwmvJ?
_r<rif;onf wHcg;ud kawmht7rf;rzGi f h ? toHcyftky ftky f _zi f h
ar;vd kufonf?
4 0
Þ b<folvJ[if ß
Þ igyg? rd<kav- -wHcg;zGi f hprf;yg _ref_ref ß
t_yifbufrS cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymoHjum;7onf?
njuD ;tcs de frawm f <k<karm fbmvmvky fy gvdr f h ? _y D ;awm h
a_ymyH kqd ky H kuvnf; v#d K hv# d K h0 Suf0SufESi f h?
_r<ri f ;u wHc g ;u d k c su fc si f ;z G i f h ay ;v d ku fonf ? _y D ;awm h
<k<karmftxJ0ifEd li f7ef tomaemufqkwfae7mz<fay;vd kufonf?
od k haomf <k<karmfu tcef;xJr0if?
Þ vm- -ig haemufvd ku fc J h ? [d k ud katmi fxl ;qd kw J hv l juD ;
w Dc s m htce f ;x Ja7mu fae _y D ? o lw d k htv ky f _ zp f juawm hr< f ? t J' g
eifvnf;junfhEd li fatmif igvmac:wm ß
<k<karmfu avoHwd k;wd k ; _zif ha_ymonf?
<k<karm fonf wD@ Sy fcy fy Gy GE Si f h ye f ;E ka7mi fwufx@G Ha _ymi f
4 1
xrDud k0wfxm;onf? pjuFe fvrf ;wGi fxGe f ;xm;aomrD ;a7mi fxd k ;[yfr S K
ajumi f h <k<karm fr Smvnf; tus ôwp fxyf | xrDwpfxyfwnf;om
tcktcHrygyJ0wfxm;ajumif; odEd li fonf?
Þ uJ- -vmprf;yg _ref_ref ß
<k<karmfu avmfaqmfumqG Jac:aomajumif h _r<rif;onf
tcef;ud kaomhydwfum <k<karmfaemufod k hvk dufvmcJ honf?
olwd k htcef;0od k ha7mufaomtcg <k<karmfonf ESKwfcrf;wGi f
vuf!S d K ;awhum toHrxGufz d k htxde f ;tr Sw f _y _y D ; tce f ;w Hc g ;u d k
tomz Gi f honf? _y D ;awm h E Sp fa<mufom;tce f ;x Jo d k h a_caz g hum
0ifvd kufjuonf?
4 2
tcef;xJwGif rD;zGi f hrxm;? <k<karmfu tcef;wHcg;ud ktom
ydwfvd kuf7m wd k ;0i faeonf htvif ;a7mi fvnf;aysmufI ar Smi fr d ku f
oGm;onf?
od k haomf rsufaphusif hom;7vmawmh tcef;xJwGi f yde f ;y dwf
atmifar Smi fraey J tvif;a7mi fcy fr S de fr S de fuav;@ S daeonfud k awG h7
avonf?
rmvmwifonf tcef;E Sp fc ktjum;@S de H7 HwHcg;teD;wGi f tom
uyfv#ufom;@S daeonfud k awGh7onf?
e H7 Hw Hc g ;onf tHusr_zp f ? [aeonf htuG Jajumi f ;@ S donf?
wp fbufce f ;r Stvif ;a7mi fonf tuG Jajumi f ;r Sonfbufod k h0i fum
cyfrSe fr Se ftvif;a7mif7atmifvkyfay;ovdk _zpfaeonf?
e H 7 Hw Hc g ;>wp fbu fu a':xm ;7i f>tce f ; ? apmapmu
<k<karm fwD;wd k ;a_ymcJ haompum;ESi f hqufpyfjunf hv#i f wpfbufcef ;
xJwGif_zpfysufaerSKud k _r<rif;awG;odum tvdkvd kae7if;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;
vmonf?
<k<karmfonf _r<rif;ud k eH7HwHcg;teD;od k h tomqGJac:oGm;
4 3
onf? _r<rif;onf7ifw'def;' de f;c ke fv#uf <k<karmfqG Jac:7maemufod k h
ygoGm;onf?
rmvmwi fonf <k< karm fE S i f h _ r<ri f ;w d k h 0i fvmE d l i f atmi f
ae7mtenf;i<fa@$ hay;onf? od k haomfolrrsufvH k ;awGuawmh wHcg;
tufajumif;ae7mrSrcGm?
_r<rif ;onf wpfbufce f ;od k hacsmi f ;rjunf hy J _ii f ;y<fum
xGufoGm;z k d hp dwful;r dao;onf? od k haomfnbuf7xm;ay:wGi f _ri fc J h7r S K
ud k _ye fvnfowd7um qufvufjunf hvd kp dwfr sm; _zp fay:vmaom
ajumif h _ii f ;qefxoGm;z d k hp dwful;vnf; juufaysmufi Sufaysmufyi f
aysmufuG<foGm;onf?
_r<rif;onf eH7 HwHcg;tem;wGi ftomukef;um tufajumif;
ae7mrS wpfbufcef;od k hacsmif;junfhvd kufonf?
pacsmi f ;vd kufonf htcs de fwGi f tcef;xJwGi fb<folud kr #r_rif7?
cHwifay:rSmvnf; bmr#r@S d? xd ki fc ke frsm;uvnf; onftwdki f;?
_r<rif;p dwfysufovd k _zp foGm;qJr Smyif cyfjurf;jurf;ei f ;vm
aoma_coHrsm;jum;7_yD; olr>_rifuGif;xJod k hud katmifxl;a7mufvmonf?
4 4
tJawmh? ' DvljuD;t0wftpm;awGr@ S dbl ;? ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; juD ;
ygvm;?
a<mufsm;juD;wpfa<mufud k yvmud k<fvH k ;wD;e J haoaocsmcsm
juD;_rifvd kuf7onf htwGuf _r<rif;c_rm t7rf;ud k@ SufajumufoGm;
rdwmayg h? r_zpfbl;? 'Dae7mu csufcsif;xGufoGm;rS?
'gayr<fhp dwfom@S dw<f? vluawmhrygEd li fbl;?
<cktjudr fonf _r<rif;tzd k h a<mufsm;juD;wpfa<mufud k
yvmud k<fvH k ;wD; _zi f h yxrqH ktjudr f _ri fawG h7_cif ; _zp fonf? xd k _ri f
uGif;uolrud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmifxm;onf? !S d K hxm;onf?
_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;wpfa<mufav? pyg;juD;a_rGt!S d k hc H
xm;7wJhom;aumifvd k _zpfoGm;7_yD? xxGufoGm;zd k ha0;a7m? _rifae7
wJ hud katmi fxl ;7 J hu d k<fvH k ;wD ;ud k<fcE Wmud k aoaocsmcsmjuD ;awmi f
pl;pd kufjunfhrdaeav7Jh?
' Dv d k junf h7i f ; ausm@ k d ;x Juat;p dr f h atmi f c Hpm ;7onf?
pdwfuvnf; t7rf;ud kvSKyf@ Sm;aewmyJ?
4 5
olh@ky f7nfud kvnf; tckrSyJ_r<rif;aoaocsmcsmjuD;ud k _rifawG h
7wmyg? oluvlacsmyJ@Si f h? toufuawmh av;q<favmuf@S dyg_yD?
_r<rif;onf udkatmifxl;>wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k tao;pdwfpl;prf;
junfh@S Kaeonf?
onfvljuD;u t7yft_rif hom;? _yD;awmhAvuvnf;juD;onf?
_yD;awmhtar$;tr#ifuvnf; tawmfxlw<f@Si f?
7ifbwfay:rSm tar$;awGurnf;aewmyJ?
atmufod k hw_znf; _znf;a@ G hvsm;vmaom_r<rif ;>rsufvH k ;r sm;
onf ud katmi fxl ;aygi f jum;r SvD ;we fjuD ;@ S d7mod k h a7mufvmonf?
vD;uawmifrwfraeao;yg?
[d k 7xm;ay:rSmwkef;u_rifcJ h7ovdk rwfrwfawmifawmifjuD;
_zpfraeao;wmudk a_ymwmyg?
'gayr<fhacGaysmhaewmqdkawmhvnf; r[kwf_yefbl;? rawmif h
wawmif| raysmhwaysmhjum;ta_ctaerSm @S daewm?
4 6
rde f;rwpfa<muf>obm0pdwft7 onfvD;juD;rwfawmifvm
atmifvky fay;z d k h ody frcufajumif; _r<rif;pO f ;pm;od@ S dvd kuf7onf?
xd ktodu _r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;ud k vSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;jum;vmaponf?
Þ a[h- -rxm;- -a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSm tcs de f _zKe f;raeeJ h? cyf
_ref_refxGufvmcJ hprf; ß
ud katmifxl;u toHus<fus<fESi f ha_ymvd kufonf? onfvl
toHus<fus<fESif hpum;a_ymonfud kvnf; <ckrS_r<rif;jum;7_cif;yg?
ud katmi fxl ;toHu joonf? xd k h _yi fa _ymvd ku fy H kuvnf;
y d k i f p d k ; y d k i f ei f ;@ S dv Sonf ? xd ktoHE Si f hx d kta _ymu d k jum;7 _ci f ;uyi f
wpfrs d K ;p dwfvSKyf@ Sm;p7m? _r<rif;>7ifonf odrf hodrf hav;wkefvmonf?
q7mra':xm;7ifonf txdrcHZwfZwfjuJ_zpfum tawmfpGm
ajumif;ud k _r<rif;odxm;onf? ud katmifxl;u yd ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f;atmf
[pfa_ymqd konfud k a':xm;7ifu _yefvnf7efawG hvdrf hrnf[k _r<rif;
xifrdonf? onfvd kE Si f hud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k h uawmufuq
pum;rsm;juv#if olwd k hE Sp fa<muf Øtvkyf _zp f × juawmhr Smr[kwf
[kvnf; pOf;pm;rdonf?
4 7
bmyJ_zpf_zpf_r<rif;onf t@G<fa7muf_yD;aoma<mufsm;juD;
ESi f hr de f;rjuD;wd k h tvkyf_zpfjuonfud kawmh junfhcsif_rifcsifygao;onf?
od k haomfa':xm;7ifu bmr#cGe f;wkef h _yefumra_ym?
t dy f ce f ; E S i f hw G Jv #u f@ S d aeonf h a7c s d K ; ce f ;w Hc g ;y G i f hvmum
a':xm;7ifav#mufvSrf;xGufvmonfud k _rifju7onf?
a':xm;7ifonf rsufESmokwfy0gjuD;ud k xrD7ifvsm;0wfovdk
7pfywfxm;onf? apmapmurdr dvnf; onfvd ktaetxm;ta_ctae
rs d K ;E Si f h a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSxGufcJ honfud k _r<rif;_yefowd7rdonf?
a':xm;7ifonf ud katmifxl;@ S daeonf hc Hwifbufod k h tom
av#mu fv Sr f ;o G m ;onf ? <c ku d k atmi fx l ;onf c Hwi fapmi f ;w Gi f
wifyg;v$ Jxd ki faeonf? ieJom;>rsufvH k ;rsm;u olhxHod k hav#mufvSrf;
vmaeaomtrs d K ;orD;ud k pl;pd kufumjunfhaeonf?
vH k ;juD;aygufvSESi f h _zL_zLawmif hawmif hjuD;_zpfaom onfrde f;r
ud k rjumrDpdwfjudKufvd k ;7awmhrnfud k ud katmifxl;odonf? t_ywf
vnf;raemacG haeonf?
4 8
udkatmifxl;u ol hvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tomvuf_zi f hy Gwfoyf
vd kufonf? a':xm;7ifr Sm xd kvD;juD;r SrsufvH k ;rcGmEd li f? aoaocsm
csmud kjunfhaeonf?
q7mra':xm;7if tawmfud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aerSe f; _r<rif;vnf;
ud k<fcsif;pm_yD; em;vnfygw<f? [kwfw<fav? <rif;ud k<fwd ki fr Sm
vnf; ud katmifxl;qd kwJ hvljuD; ol hvD ;ol hvufe J hud ki faqmhaewmud k
junfh_yD; 7ifxJyavmifqlatmifud k pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;ae7wmr[kwfygvm;?
' DvljuD;e J hez l;awG h' l ;awG hqd kovd k ud k<fwd ki fawG hjuHK7awmhr<f h
wDcsmqd k7if yd kqd k ;r Smawmh? yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;rSmayg h?
Þ ud katmifxl;7<f- -odyfjurf;jurf;awmhrvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -
uÈe fr' g- -'gr s d K ;rvky f _zp fwm tawmfjumyg _y D ? cy f _znf ; _znf ;e J h
nifnifomomav;vkyfaemf [kwfvm; ß
ud katmi fxl ;uawmh ol hvD ;ud ktomvufe J hy Gw f _y D ; qufI
aqmhaeonf? olh>vD;juD;onf a_rGjuD;wpfaumifyg;ysOf;axmifovdk
rmefaxmifum rwfawmifIvmonf? xdkawmifrwfvmonfhvD;acsmif;
juD;>t@G<ftpm;uyif acsmif;junfhaeaomrdef;uav;oH k;a<mufa7m|
ud k<fwd ki ftvd k ;c H7rnf htrs d K ;or D ; juD ;ud ka7m t_ywfud kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;
4 9
vmaponf?
ti f ;- -' gobm0av? r de f ;rqd kwma<muf sm ;v D ; _ri f77i f
p dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;r S my J ? ud katmi fx l ;7 J hv D ;u (12)vufrausm f@ Sn f _y D ;
bdvyf7nfy kvif;zi f0 d ki f ;avmufud kwkwfwJ h wu<fhvD;wefjuD;r[kwf
vm;? 'gjuD;rwfawmifaewm_rif7awmh b<frde f;rrsm; pdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;
yJaeEd li fr SmwJ hvJ?
Þ tJ- -tJ'DrsufESmokwfy0gjuD;ud k z<fvd kufprf;ygrxm;7J h?
cifAsm;7J habmf' Dud k epfuufjunfhcsifw<f ß
ud katmifxl;u avat;at;eJ hawmif;qd konf?
_r<rif;wd k hp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;pGm_zif h rdr dwd k hq7mrud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwf_y|
rcÈwf_y apmif hjunfhaeonf?
jumjumawmhrapmif h7yg?
u d k atmi fx l ;>pum ;tqH k ; r S myi f q7mra' :xm ;7i fon f
pn f ;xm;aomr su fE S mo kw fy0 g ju D ;u d k tomyi f _z Kw fc sv d ku fonf ?
r su f E S mo kw f y 0 g ju D ; ju r f ; _ y i f a y : y H k v #u fo m ;u so G m ; _ y D ?
5 0
q7mra':xm;7if>7uf7ufa7ma7mud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwf_yvd kufr S K
ajumif h _r<rif;| <k<karmfESi f h rmvmwifwd k hoH k ;a<mufvH k;tH hjooGm;
juonf? [mueJ_zpfuke fjuonf? t@Sufenf;vScsnfvm;wDcsm7<f
[kvnf; olwd k hp dwfxJrSjudwfum a7@Gwfvd kufrdonf?
w_yd Ki feufwnf;r Smyif rde f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf>7rufp dwfawG
qla0vmjuonf? tif; 'Dvd ky J _zpf7rSmayg h?
_r<rif;tzd k h trs d K ;orD;wpfa<mufud k 0pfvpfpvpf_zif hawG h7
onfr Smvnf; <ckyxrqH k ;tjudr f _zp fonf? onfawmh@ Sufovd kvd k
@ G H hoa<mifa<mif_zpfaeonfhjum;uyif aoaocsmcsmjuD;ud kjunfhrdae
onf?
junfhvd k huvnf;aumif;oudk;?
a':xm;7ifonf cHwifab;em;wGifud k<fvH k ;wD;_zif h7yfIaeonf?
tcef;xJwGifav;ayrD;acsmif;ESpfckxGef;xm;onfhtwGuf vif;xdefaeonf?
rD;a7mifatmufwGif a':xm;7if>0wfvpfpvpftvSonf txif;om;
t@Sif;om;?
a<muf s m ;7b l ;aom fvnf ; uav;rar G ;b l ;ao;onf ht _yi f
5 1
vifaooGm;wmuvnf;tawmfjum_yDrd k h a':xm;7if>Ed k htH krsm;onf
aysmhtdwG J _cif;r@S d? rd k h0ef;aeqJ? vHk;uspfwif;7if;aeqJ?
umrpdwfrsm;qla0wufjuGaecs de f _zpfaomajumif h Ed k hoD;acgif;
!d k!d kE Sp fc kvH k ;onf aumhaxmifcÈefwufaejuonf? _rif7olb0ifju
p7m? t0wftpm;awG0wfxm;pOfu_rif7onfxufyif a':xm;7if>
udk<fvH k;ud k<faygufrSm pd ka_yzG H h _z d K ;vSajumif; _r<rif;awG;rdonf?
xd k h _yifq7mr_zpfolud k <ckvd kt0wfrygud k<fvH k;wD;_zif h wpdrf;a<musfm;
wpfa<mufa@S harSmufY 7yf_yaeonfud k _rif7_cif;uyif _r<rif;ud k
wpfenf;wpfzH kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aponf?
rnfod k hrnfyH k _zpfvmonfrod? a':xm;7iftpm; olrud k<fwd ki f
ud katmifxl;a@S hwGif ud k<fvH k ;wD;7yf_yvd kp dwfrsm;yif rodromay:vm
onf?
_r<rif;onf acgif;ud kcg<rf;um xdkod k hay:aygufvmonfh
pdwfrsm;ud k twif;yifa_zazsmufypfvd kufonf? td k- -oGm;prf;yg?
bmajumif hrsm;onfvd kp dwful;rs d K ;awGay:vmygvdrf h? 'D ud katmifxl;
qd kwJ hvljuD;ud k rke f;ygw<faemf? junfhvd k hr7ygbl;?
_r<rif;>7ifom;av;rsm;xdyfr S Ed k hoD;acgif;r Smvnf; tvdkvd k
5 2
yif cÈefaumhaxmifwufvmonf? wif;rmvmonf? cÈefaumhaxmif
wufvmonf hE d k hoD ;u 0wfxm;aomwD@ Sy f>7ifbwftom;E Si f hxdr d7m
<m;ovdkvd k bmvdkvd kE Si f h xl;_cm;aomcHpm;rS Kwpfrs d K ; _zpfay:aponf?
v H k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S _zp faoma':xm;7i fr S m c g ;ao;wi fum; _y D ;
7i fx Gm ;onfomru qD;c ke fw Gi fvnf ; tqDr@ S d ? csy f7y faeonf?
wpfwpf7p f7p f@ S donf? Ad kufacgufvnf;rxl? qD;py fu apmufar $ ;
awGuawmh tawmfrsm;onf? qD;pyfwpfckvH k ;z H k ;tkyfxm;onfomru
apmufzkwfab;wpfcsufwpfbufwGifyif @S daeonf? aygifvH k ;rsm;uawmh
_zLazG;um t7if;wkwf_yD;tzsm;oG<fonf? a_covHk;vnf;wkwfonf?
ud katmufxl;onf rjumrDvd k ;7aqmf7awmhrnf h a':xm;7if>
wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k a_cqH k ;acgi f ;qH k ;yi f junf honf? awmif hwif ;ql _z d K ;
vSonfhud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfjuD;u wu<fhud ktm;7p7mjuD;yg?
ud katmifxl;onf ESKwfcrf;ud k@ Sm_zif htom7ufvd kuf_yD;- -
Þ tif;- -cifAsm;u wu<fud kawmif hwmyJud k ;? vd k;77ifawmh
odyfud kaumif;rnf habmf'DyJ ß
ud katmifxl;>wpfwpfcGcGa_ymqd kr SwfcsufcsrS Kajumif h <rif;wd k h
5 3
rde f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf @SufpEd k ; _zpfoGm;juonf? a':xm;7ifr Smvnf;
tawmfud k@ SufoGm;yH k7onf? rsufESmrSm@SufaoG;zse f;oGm;7m tom;_zL
onfht_yif ud k<fvH k;wD;ygcÈwfxm;onf_zpf7m wpfud k<fvH k;yef;Eka7mif
a_y;oGm;onfud k _rifEd li fonf?
Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -tJ'Dvd knpfnpfywfywfra_ymygeJ h@ Si f ß
a':xm;7ifu awmif;yefpum;qd konf? toHuawmh tm;aysmh
vSonf?
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -cifAsm;ud kusKyfu y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;awmh
r<f h[myJ? vd k ;wJ htajumif;a_ymwm npfywfovm;? cifAsm;vnf;
tvdk;cHcsifvd k h ud k<fwH k;vH k ;awmifcÈwfxm;_yDr[kwfvm;- - ß
a':xm;7ifu bmr#_yefra_ymawmhyg? acgif;av;ud kom iH k hae
on f ? qwfqw fx drc H p G mv S aomq7mra' :xm ;7i fwp f a<mu f |
u d katmi fx l ;u E Sp f _ym ;rwe fatmi fyufyufpufpufa _ymqd kaer S Ku d k
acgif;i H k humcHae7@Smonfht_zpfu xl;qef;vSonf?
Þ a[h acgif;i H k hraeprf;ygeJ h? armhvd kuf- - ß
5 4
iH k hxm;aoma':xm;7if>acgif; _yefarmhvmonf? a':xm;7if>
rsufvH k;rsm;ta7mufvufvufawmufaeonf? 7ifrStouf@SLrS Kuvnf;
o do domom _re fI _yi f ;vm7m r d k h 0e f ; aom7i fom ;q d k i f ju D ;E S p f c k r S m
edrf h _rif hvSKyf@Sm;Iaeonf?
Þ uJyg- -td kufwifawGbmawGcHraeyge J h ? a[m'DuusKy f7 J h
vD;juD;eJ hvd k ;wmudk cifAsm;cHcsifw<fr[kwfvm; ß
a':xm;7i fqwfueJwke foGm;onfud k _r<rif ;owd_yKr donf?
_y D ;awmha':xm;7ifu acgi f ;ud kndwf_yvd kufwmud kvnf; _rifju7_yef
onf?
Þ [kwf_yD- -'Dvd kr Sayg h? uJ tvdk;cHcsifw<fqd k7if tJ'DrSmyJ
7yfraeeJ hav? tvdk;cH7r<fhae7mud k vmrSayg h ß
a':xm;7ifonf cHwif@S d7mod k h a_cvSrf;oGufoGuf_zif hav#muf
vSr f ;c sO f ;uyfoGm;onf? bmajumif h' Davmufawmiftonf;toef _zp f
ae7wmvJwDcsm7<f- -[k_r<rif ;>pdwfxJr Sa7@ Gwfuma_ymvd kufr d
onf?
a':xm;7ifonf udkatmifxl;>ab;em;wGif tom;csif;xdatmif
5 5
yif uyfxd ki fonf? _yD;awmhvufud ktomqef hxkwfum oG<faysmif;
avaomvufacsmi f ;rsm; _zi f h ud katmifxl;>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tom
qkyfud ki fvd kufonf?
ud katmifxl;onf tom;tawmfrnf;onf? vD;juD;uawmh
y d kIyi frnf ;eufonf? rnf;euf kwkwfc d ki fonf hvD ;we fxGm;xGm;juD ;ud k
_zLEkoG<faysmif;vSonfhvufacsmif;vSvSuav;rsm;u xduyfqkyfud ki f
vd kufonfrSm b<fvd kr SrzG<fr7mvSonfh_rifuGif;yg?
Þ [if;[if;[if;- -juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;@ Si f- -junfhygtH k ;
rwfawmifaewmuvnf; tm;7p7mjuD;ygvm;- - ß
a':xm;7ifu wD;wd k ;a7@Gwfa_ymjum;onf? olr>rsufvH k ;
rsm;u vD;wefwkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;ud k aoaocsmcsmud kp l;p d kufjunfh
aeonf_zpf7m vD;juD;ud kpum;a_ymaeonfhtoGifrs d K ;yif _zpfaeayonf?
ud katmifxl;uawmh ol hnmbufwGifxd ki faeaom a':xm;7if>wifyg;
qH ktdtdjuD;ud k b<fvuf_zif htomyGwfum Zdrf<laeonf?
xd kod k hzifom;juD;rsm;ud ky Gwfae7mrS vuf!S d K ;ud kziftuGJajumif;
jum;rStomxdk;xnfhum apmufzkwfud kvSrf;uvdonf? tpwGifawmh
a':xm;7i f>wifyg ;juD ;u arG h7may:y H k hy H k h@ k H h@ k H hx d ki fc sxm;onf htwGuf
5 6
xdk;ar$ay;aomvuf!S d K ;onf apmufzkwfud kxdatmifra7muf? zif0ud k
om rxdwxd_zpfaeonf?
od k haomfrjumrDrSmyif a':xm;7ifuwifyg;juD;ud ktomjuGay;7m
vuf!S d K ;onfa@S hod k hwd k ;vmv#uf apmufacgi f ;xJ vufwqpfomom
avmuf0ifoGm;avonf?
Þ td k- -[if h ß
a':xm;7i f>E S Kw fz sm ;r S nnf;oHav;cy fo J ho J hay:vmonf?
zi fu d kvnf ;y d k ju Gay;onf? xd kr #omru vD ;ud kq ky fu d ki fxm;onf h
vufuvnf ; vS Ky f@ S m ;vmonf? ud katmi fx l ;u d k a':xm;7i fu
~Gif;wd kufovdk vkyfay;aeav_yD?
a':xm;7ifwpfa<mufzifwjuGjuGESif hvSKyf@Sm;vm7m bmajumif h
onfvd k _zpf7ajumif; _r<rif;wd k hrodyg? od k haomfa':xm;7if>touf
@ SLoHawGy d k _yi f ;um ud katmi fxl ;>nmvufuvnf; vS Ky fc gaeonf
ud kawG h7awmhrS zifatmufrSvufv#d Kum apmufzkwfud kxd k ;uvdae_cif;
_zpfajumif; cef hr Se f;odEd li fonf?
onfvd ktuvdcHae7aomajumif h cHwifapmif;wGi fususeeyif
5 7
zi fc sumrxd ki fE d li fawmhy J uke f ;uke f ;uGuGE Si f h~ Gi f ;wd kufay;aeavaom
a':xm;7if>taetxm;onf acsmi f ;a_rmif ;junf haejuolrde f ;uav;
rsm;twGuf yd kI7rufaZmt[kefwufjuGp7m_zpfaeonf?
ud katmifxl;onf rjumao;rDuyif wifvJ_zLESi f humr7ruf
juGaq;7nfrsm;a7mxnfhxm;onfh bdvyf7nfwpfzefcGufudk a':xm;7iftm;
wd kufauÈ;xm;_yD;_zpfonf?
<ckvd k tzkwfud kxd k ;uvdqGay;um ~Gif;wd kufay;7onfhta_c
taeud kjuHK7avaomtcg a':xm;7if>aoG;om;awG t7rf;ud kqla0
ae _y D ? a':xm;7i fr S ma<muf s m ;ao_y D ;r kq d k ; rb0a7mufuwnf ;u
zd k"gwfESi f hvH k ;0ud ktquf_ywfuif;uGmaecJ honf? olr>aoG;om;rsm;rSm
zd k"gwfud k vd kvm;awmif hwaejuonf? vlrS Kpnf;urf;rsm;_zif h cs d K ;E S dr f
atmif htnf;xm;cJ h7avaom7rufpdwfqENrsm;onf <ckvd k t_cm;vl
rsm;rawG hE d li fr_rEd li fonfhp dwfuG<f7mXme_zpfaom a[mfw<ftdyfcef;xJ
wGif usef;rmoefpGr f ;tm;oefaoma<mufsm;wpfa<mufESi f hawG hqH k7av
aomtcg aZmif;rSv$wfvd kufaom_rif;uJ hod k h t7rf;ud k _zpfvm7onf?
onfvd kta_cc Htaetxm;wGi f 7rufaZmxjuGappGr f ;@ S donf h
txl ;b dvy f7nfud kaomufoH k ;7 _y D ; ud katmi fx l ;>xdr dy d k i fE d l i faom
tES d K ;tqGESi f h juHK7avaomtcg AH k ;ud kpeufwefr D ;@ S d K hazgufc G Jvd kufonf h
5 8
ES<f umr<rf;td k ;juD;aygufuG JoGm;avawmhonf?
umrpy f<Sufc Hvd konf hp dwfr sm ; txl;yi f _yi f ; _yxufoefvm
onf? t_ywfud k^Smxefvmonf? 7rufcd k ;v# Hvmonf?
b<fvd kr SraeE d li fawm h ? a':xm;7i fonf ure f ;uwef ;yi f
arG h7may:yufvufvSefum tdyfcsvd kufonf? 'l;ESp fbufuaxmifv#uf
cyfum;um;?
Þ vmav- -udkatmifxl;7<f- -[if h[if h[if h ß
yg;pyfr Svnf; a_ymvd kufao;onf? 7rufc d k ;awG7 Da0aeonf h
rsufvH k;rsm;_zif hvnf; udkatmifxl;ud kcyf!k!kav;junfhonf?
wufvd k ;ygawmh[k wpfwpfc Gc Gyg ;py fr Sxkwfra_ym@k Hwr<fom
use fawmhonf? wu<fawmha':xm;7i fonf onfvd kyi fa_ymvd kuf
csifonf? 'gayr<fholronf pnf;urf;pepfusepGmapmif hpnf;xdef;odrf;
rS KwGif usif hom;7aeonfhausmif;q7mrwpfa<mufrd k h onfavmufawmh
ES Kwfr7Jyg? a_ymrxGufyg?
5 9
udkatmifxl;uawmh arG h7may:rSmyufvufav;eJ h 'l;axmifaygif
um;_zpfaeavwJh a':xm;7ifud kauseyftm;7pGmyJjunfhvd kufw<f?
rauseyfyJaeEd li fyg@k d ;vm;? vHk;juD;aygufvSeJ hwpfwpf7pf7pf@S dvS
wJ harmfv_rd Ki foljuD;a':xm;7ifud k w^SmaZmawGjuG_y D ; t7rf;z Dvif
wufaeatmif vkyfxm;Ed li f _y D;ud k ;?
tif ;? ud katmifxl;ud k<fwd ki fuvnf; tawmfud k7rufx_y D ;
vd k ;c si fae_y Dr d k h ^SmxefjuG@ GaewJ ha':xm;7if7 J h _zp faeyH kud k jumjum
juD;awmh t7omcH_yD;junfhraeEd li fbl;?
' gajumif hvnf;7rufaZmxef _y D ; tzsm;wufovd kw[if;[if ;
nnf;7if; wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke f7ifaewJ ha':xm;7if7 J ha_caxmuf
ESpfacsmif;ud k tomqGJud ki f _y D; ab;bufud ktomqGJ<lvd kufw<f?
'guwrifoufouf ae7ma@$ hay;vd kufwmyg? [d kbuftcef;e J h
' Dbuftcef;jum;rSm@S dwJ h eH7HwHcg;ud k [ww_zpfaeatmif ud katmif
xl;uyJ wrifvkyfxm;cJ hwm? [dkbuftcef;rSm csmwdwfrESpfa<muf
@S daewmud k olodw<fav? 7xm;ay:wkef;u oleJ ha':xm;7iftzkwf
E S d Ku f | vD ;~ Gi f ;w d ku fv ky faewmud k a':xm;7i f7 J hwynf hrav;awG
acsmif;junfhc J hjuwmudk oluodxm;w<fr[kwfvm;?
6 0
a[mtck| olua':xm;7ifud k0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;wmud kvnf;
aumifrav;awGjunfhE d li fatmif wrifzefwD;ay;xm;wm? apmapmu
a':xm;7ifyufvufvSefcsvd kufwJ hae7muacsmif;junfhaeayr<fh aumif
rav;awGtwGuf _rifuGi f ;ody fraumif;bl;av? vd k ;juaqmfjuwm
awGud k t_ynfht0r_rifEd li fbl;?
'gajumif hacsmif;junfhaewJhcsmwdwfawG aoaocsmcsmuGufuGuf
uGif;uGif;_rifEd li frnf hae7mbufud k a':xm;7ifud ktoma@$ hay;vd kufwm?
'gud ka':xm;7ifrodbl;av?
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k ; juwmud kacsmi f ; junf h _y D ; csmwdwfrawG
7rufxefvmrS olutomusH K ;oGi f; _y D; tyd ki fodrf;z d k hvnf; ud katmif
xl;u pdwful;tuGufcsxm;_yD;om;? uJ- -ryd ki fvm;?
tvd k;c Hcsi fvGe f ;tm;juD;aewJ ha':xm;7if[m olhtaeeJ hwynf hr
av;awGtwGuf umr_yZmwfr Sm o@ky faqmifri f ;orD ;b0a7mufae
wmudk rod@Smbl;?
ol hud kvd k ;ay;r<fhud katmifxl;q$ Ja@$ hwJ hae7mud k tvdkufoif hvd kuf
oGm;wmyJ? udkatmifxl;uaygifud kqG J _z Jawmhvnf; tvdkufoif hum;ay;
6 1
vdkufwmyJ?
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kqG Ja@$ hcsxm;wJ hae7mu wu<fh
ae7maumif;yJ? acsmif;junfhaejuwJh_r<rif;wd k he J hwnfhwnfh? _rifuGif;
tv<faumifrSm?
aygifwefjuD;ESpfacsmif;_z Jum;vd kufvd k h _yJtmxGufvmwJha':xm;
7if7J hapmufzkwfjuD;ud k _r<rif;wd k haumif;aumif;juD;ud k _ywf_ywfom;
om;xifxif@Sm;@Sm;awG hae7wm?
uJ- -udkatmifxl;ua':xm;7ifay: wufcGvd kufwmudkvnf;
t_ywfud k _rif7w<fav?
wufcGvd kufayr<fh ud katmifxl;urvdk;ao;ygbl;? apmufzkwf
ud kawmif vD;eJ hxdatmifawhraxmufao;bl;? olhvD;xdyfud kapmufzkwf
eJ hwvufromomavmuftuGmrSm tomxm;ay;xm;w<f?
' guvnf ; ac s mi f ; jun f h aew J h c s mw dw fraw Gtw Gu faum |
yufvufav;e J htvd k ;u d k i H hvi f h aeol arm fv_r d Ki fo lv H k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S
twGufaum 7rufaZmjuGp7mwpfrs d K ; _zpfatmif wrifzefwD;xm;wm
av?
6 2
ud katmi fxl ;u a':xm;7i f7 J hay gi fwe fwkwfwkwfjuD ;E Sp fc kud k
ol hvufESpfbufeJ h ab;udktomwGef;cG Jvd kuf_yefw<f? aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;
yd kum;oGm;wmayg h? 'DawmhapmufzkwfjuD;uvnf; yd k _y D;_yJtmxGufvm
wmayg h?
ud katmifxl;u olvd k ;7awmhr<f hapmufz kwfjuD;ud k tomiH k h
junfhw<f?
armfv_rdKi fola':xm;7if[m vHk;juD;aygufvS_zL_zLawmif hawmif h
juD;_zpfwJ ht_yif apmufzkwfuvnf;tawmfud kjuD;w<fAsm? ^Smxef
aecs de fqd kawm htz kwfjuD ;u rke f hay gi f ; juD ;vd kaz gi f ; juGwufaewmy J?
c ke f ;armufaewmyJ? apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;awGuvnf;xlwmqd kawmh
apmufz kwftv<faumifutuG Jajumif;u [wwav;yJy Gi f haew<f?
wcs d K hr de f ;rawG7J hapmufzkwfjuD;awGvd k buf_yJjuD;r[kwfbl;?
ud katmifxl; tawmfauseyfoGm;w<f? olvnf;a<mufsm;yJav?
apmufzkwfvSvSazgif;azgif;qd k judKufwmayg h? wcsd K hr de f;rawGu @kyfacsm
ayr<fh ud k<fvH k;rvSbl;? tJ @kyfcsmud k<fvH k;vSayr<fh apmufzkwf
buf_yJjuD;_zpfae7ifvnf; vdk;7wmodyfraumif;awmhbl;?
<c kolvd k ;7awm hr<f ha':xm;7i fu @ky f7nfoem;urm;@ S d _y D ;
6 3
udk<fvHk;ud k<fxnfxGm;judKif;awmif hwif;wJht_yif apmufzkwfjuD;uvnf;
azmif;azmif;tdtdvSvSjuD;qd kawmh ud katmifxl;t7rf;ud koabmusae
wmayg h?
apmufz kwfxJuapmuf7nfawGvnf;@ $r f ;p k daewmajumif h r[
w[tuG Jajumif ;[m pGwfp d ka_ymi fvufaew<f? apmufaphuawmh
cÈefaumh_yD; aigufawmufjuD;ud k xd k;axmifvd k h?
Þ awmuf- -'DaumifrjuD;| apmufaphaxmif_yD;t7rf;ud ktvdk;
c Hcsifaewmudk; ß
ud katmifxl;u pdwfxJrSa7@Gwfvd kufrdw<f?
apmu fz kw f ju D ;[m wp fvufromomce f htu Gmr S m@ S d aew J h
ud katmi fxl ;7 J hv D ; juD ;ud kqG Jaqmi fwJ htaee J h E S Kwfcr f ;om;awG@ Gp d@ Gp d
vSKyf@ Sm;aew<f? wqwfqwfvnf;wkef7ifvd k h? 'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ?
arm fv_r d Ki foljuD;7 J hzi fqH k _zL_zLazG ;az G ;juD;[mvnf; aumhumjuGum
vSKyf@ Sm;aeav7J h? ud katmifxl;ud kwufvd k ;z d k h tirf;r7eJ hz dwfac:aeju
oa<mifa<mif?
ud katmifxl;[m apmufzkwfxJud kol hvD;juD;xd k ;xnfhypfcsifp dwf
6 4
udk renf;ud kcsKyfwnf;xm;7w<f? olhtaeeJ ha':xm;7ifud k xdef;rEd li f
odrf;r7eJ h t@Suftajumufuif;_yD; w^Sm7ruftxefjuD;xefvmwJh
t_rif hqH k ;tqif ha7mufatmif Ed S k ;qGay;7tH k;r<fr[kwfygvm;?
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>apmufzkwf0wGif ol>vD;juD;ud k
awhuyfvd kufonf?
Þ td k- - ß
a':xm;7if>ESKwfzsm;rS toHav;oJ hoJ hay:vmum wpfud k<f
vH k ;vnf; wkefwufoGm;onf?
acsmi f ; junf haejuol_r<rif ; | <k<karm fE Si f h rmvmwifwd k h
oH k ;a<mufvnf; juufoD;awGzsef;zse f;xukefju7w<f?
6 5
_r<rif;7J h7ifawG t7rf;cke fae_yD? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; zdef;ueJ
@S de f ;ueJ_zpfIaeonf?
ab;em;qDrSvSKy f@ Sm;oHav;cyfoJ hoJ hjum;7onfhtwGuf tom
ac gi f ; i J humjunf h r don f ? o lrab;em ;r S m@ S d aeaom<k< karm fon f
0wfxm;aomwD@ Sy ftuôsatmufod k hvufxd k ;E S d Kufum ud k<f hE d k hoD ;ud k<f
_yefyGwfaeonfud k _rif7onf?
[kwfonf? <k<karmft7rf;ud kpdwfjuGae_yD? ab;vlawGud kvnf;
ta7;rp d ku fE d li fawmh? r dr d>Ed k ho D ;r sm;ud kvnf; vufrE Si f hy Gwfonf?
vuf!S d K ;E Si f hvufrwd k hud koH k ; _y D; zspf!SpfqdwfqG Jonf?
<k<karmfwpfa<muf wD@Syfatmufvufxd k;E S d Kufum bmawG
vkyfaeonfqd k _cif;ud k tuJcyfod@S doGm;onfhtcg _r<rif;rSmtawmfud k
rsufeSmtxm;7cufoGm;onf?
awmfawmfud kt@Sufenf;wJ h<k<k| bm_zpfvd k h' grs d K ;vkyf7wmvJ?
' Dr S mqufaevd k h r _zp fawm hb l ; ? ' Dae7mu_re f _re fvp fx Gufr S- -[k
_r<ri f ;p dw fx Jw Gi fa7@ Gw fa _ymqd kr donf? wu<fvnf ;x d k ae7mr S
t_refqH k ;xGufoGm;csifonf?
6 6
od k h aom f _ r<ri f ; c _ r m p dw fo G m ;w d k i f ;u d k< f ry g E d l i f awm h ?
acsmif;junfhawG h _rifae7aomwpfbufcef;rS ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7if
wd k hE Sp fa<muf>t_yKtrlr sm;u _r<rif ;ud k!S d K h" gwfjuD ;p GmqG J<lxm;
onf? _r<rif;r Smxd k _rifuGif;r S rsufpdtjunfhud krcGmEd li f? pdwfxJu
roif hav#m fajumif;em;vnfayr<f h v$rf;r d k ;xm;onfh7rufqENaphaqmf
rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k hE Sp fa<muf>t_yKtrlvSKyf@ Sm;yH k
rsm;ud k qufIjunfhaerdonf?
ud katmifxl;onfol>vD;ud k a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfwGi fawh
uyfxm;_y D ;aemuf tomt<myGwfoyfum ES d k ;qGrnf[kp dwful;xm;
cJ honf? od k haomf apmuf7nfawGpd kp Gwfum 7rufaZmt@S de ft[kef_zif h
qwfqwfav;wke faeavonfhapmufz kwfE Si f h vD;xdy fxdawG hr dcs de fwGi f
c Hpm;vd kuf7onf h aEG ;axG;@ S de f ; _raomxdawG hr S Kt7omu aumif ;vS
aomajumif h jumjumapmif hrqd ki f;Ed li fawmhyJ vD;ud kz doGif;vd kufonf?
ud katmi fxl ;>vD;r Sm t_ywfud k juD ;rm;wkwfc d ki fvGe f ;vSonf h
p Hc s de fvGe fvD;acsmi f ;juD; _zp fonf? a':xm;7ifr Sm apmuftH k juD;r d k hum
azgi f ;aeaomfvnf; umrpyf<Suf7mapmufacgi f ;aygufuawmh usOf ;
onf?
od k h7mwGif w^SmaZm7rufawGtxefjuD;xefv#uf umr'Da7
6 7
wufaecs de fr d k h zdxd k ;xnfhvd kuf7m vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;onfav#mueJ_rKyf0if
oGm;onf?
'pf0ifoGm;onfqd konfESi f h vD;>xdawG hr S Kt7omudk a':xm;
7ifwpfa<muf juufoD;zse f ;zse f ; | tonf;wat;at;yifc Hpm;7onf?
vD ;E Si f hui f ;uGmaec J h7onfr Sm tcs de ftawmfjum_y D _zp faom olr>
apmufzkwfonfvnf; @kwfcsnf;yifvSKyf@ Sm;wH k h _yefavawmhonf?
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -ud katmifxl;7 J h- -tif h[if h[if h- -aumif;
vd kufwm- -aumif;vd kufwm? oGif;prf;yg@Si f h? vD;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;
apmufzkwfxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;atmif xd k;oGif;vd kufprf;yg ß
a':xm;7ifc_rm t@SufawGbmawGiJ hraeEd li fawmh? apmif hpnf;
xdef;odrf;7rnfh ~k^foduQmawGvnf; b<fae7ma7mufukef_yDrod?
tmomirf;irf;ESi f hyif npfnrf;yufpufpGm a_ymqd kvd kufrdonf?
toHrSmvnf; 7rufaZmawGt_ynfh?
a':xm;7i fw ke fwc d ku fc d ku fE Si f h 7ruf _yi f ;p Gma _ymvd ku faom
pum;ud k jum;7aomtcg _r<rif;r Sm pdwfawGt_ywfud kvS Ky f@ Sm;vm
onff? olr>apmufar$;yifraygufao;aomapmufzkwfav;xJrS t7nf
6 8
junfav;awGp d kp Gw fp dr f hx Gu fvmonfud k _r<ri f ;c Hpm ;o d@ S d7onf?
olr>apmufaphuav;onfvnf; t7rf ;ud kwif ;rmum aumhaxmif
cÈe fwufIaeyg_y D?
_r<rif;onf rdr d>tzkwfud ktomvuf_zif hud ki fum yGwfypf
vd konf? txl;o_zif h wif;rmv#uf<m;<Hovd kvd k _zpfvmaomapmuf
aphav;ud k yGwfacsypfcsifp dwfawG r@k d ;r@Gud k _zpfay:vmaeonf?
o d k h aom fo lronf onfae7mwGi fwp fa<mufwnf ;r[ kw f ?
<k<karmfE Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvnf; olrab;em;wGi f@ S daeonf?
olwd k ha@ S har SmufwGi f ud k<f htzkwfud kud k<f _ye fumyGwfoyfay;vd k hawmh
b<fvd kr Sroif h? r_zpf?
wpfbufce f ;r Sa':xm;7ifwpfa<mufuawmh t7rf;ud k _zp fae
onf? vD;'pf_yJjuD;_rKyf0ifae7mtzkwf0onf _yJtmvefIaeonf?
ud katmifxl;onf vD;ud kqufroGi f ;ao;yJ cg;ud ka0 hum0d kuf
umvS Ky fumE S J hum _y Kay ;onf? TwGi fv D ;'p fatmufa _ct7p fu
apmufap hud ky Gwfwd kufaeav7m a':xm;7i fc_rm xGe f hxGe f hvl ;vd k hud k
oGm;onf?
6 9
Þ tm; tD;[if h- -udkatmifxl;7<f oGif;vd kufprf;yg? tzkwf
x Ju d k vD ; ju D ;xy f _y D ;z dx d k ;o Gi f ;ay ;y g ? uÈe fr raeE d l i f awm hb l ; ?
vD;juD;tqH k ;0ifvm_yD; wtm;vd k ;wmcHcsi fvSyg_y D? uÈefrud kvd k ;yg@ Si f h
vd k ;prf;yg@Si f h ß
a':xm;7ifr Sm wpfwpfc Gc GjuD;ud ka_ymaeav_yD? yg;pyfuom
a_ymqd konfr[kwf? zifqH kjuD;uvnf; w<rf;<rf; | aygi fwefjuD;
ESpfacsmif;rSmvnf; pkvd kufum;vd kufESif h? a':xm;7ifonf onfr#avmuf
w^Sm7ruf_yif ; _yxufoefaeyH kajumif h rdr dud k<fr dr dyi ftH hjoaeonf?
bma jumi f h r s m ;on favmu fawmi f âa _êr #yi f rqn fE d l i f awm h y J
tir f ;r7_zp fae7avoenf;? bm_zp fvd k hr sm ; onfvd kumrp dwfawG
tvGeftrif;_yif;xefae7avoenf;?
wu<fawmh a':xm;7iftzd k h umrpyf<SufrS Konf rjuH kz l ;
rawG hbl;aomt7mr[kwfay? vif7zl ;olr d k h tvd k ;c Hz l ;onf? olr>
vifa<mus fm ;E Si f humrpy f<Suf7pO fuyi fv#i f onfr #avmuft@ Suf
uke f | tajumufuke fv#uf tirf;r7_zpfc J hz l ; _ci f ;r@ S dy g? cyfat;at;
ESif hom tvdk;c Hc J hygonf?
u d k atmi fx l ;on f umrr S Kw G i f tx l ; yi fu È r f ;u s i fum
rdef;rwpfa<muf>7rufxefaeatmif pepfwus_yKEd lifpGrf;@S dolwpfa<muf
7 0
[k a':xm;7i f0e fc Hr donf? xd k h _yi fr dr d>taoG ;tom;r sm ;uvnf;
ud katmifxl;>xda7mufvSaomtudki ftwG<fESif h tawGhaumif;vSonfh
v D ; ju D ;u d k t7r f ;u d kp G J rufae _y D _zp fajumi f ;u d kvnf ; xdwfve f hp G m
em;vnfod@S dvd kuf7onf?
rdrdr Sm udkatmifxl;>vufckyfxJua7b0odk h usa7mufae7_yD?
jurf ;wrf ; _y D ; npfnpfnrf ;nrf ;E Si f htEd li ftxuf_yKr lvky fud ki fwwfol
ud katmifxl;ud k pdwfxJrS@ G HajumufjuD;_zpfaomfvnf; ud katmifxl;>
tud ki ftwG<f | tyGwftoyfE Si f h ud katmi fxl ;>vD;we fwkwfwkwf
xGm;xGm;juD;uay;aom umrt7omudkawmh tpG JjuD;pG Jae7av_yD?
_r<rif;uawmh a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf 7ruf_yif;_yif; tmom
irf;irf ; _zp faeyH kud k tonf;wzd kz d k7i fwat;at;ESi f h junf h@ S Kaeonf?
rdrdtvGefav;pm;cspfcifcJ h7avonfhq7mrwpfa<muf t@Suftajumuf
ui f ;p G m np fnp fnr f ;nr f ;a _ymq d k _ y Kr l aeonf ht _zp fu d k junf h7i f ;
ajumufvef hwkefvSKyfr S Kvnf;_zpfonf? pdwfvnf;vSKyf@ Sm;7onf?
_r<ri f ;o dc J h 7aomq7mra':xm;7i fr S m onfvd k7rufxe f
w^SmjuD;onfhr de f ;rrs d K ;r[kwfyg? tvGefud kâa_êjuD;_yD; oduQm@S donfh
rde f;r_rwfwpfa<muf_zpfonf? <ck_rifae7onfrSm [kwfrS[kwfygavp?
7 1
'gayr<f h rsuf _ri fud k<fawG h _zp faeaomajumi f h bmr#awmh
oHo<_zpfp7m r@S dawmhyg? _r<rif;awG h7or#| jum;7or#qd kv#i f
a':xm;7i fwpfa<muf t@Sufuke fvke D ;atmi f w^SmaZm>zrf ;pm;
v$rf;_c H Kr S Kc Hae7onfrSm xif@Sm;vSonf?
xd ktcs de fr Smyif ud katmifxl;u olhvD;wefjuD;ud kz dumxd k;oGif;
vd kufonf? ud katmifxl;u tay:rSzdoGif;um a':xm;7ifuatmufrS
aumhtay; tHud kuf|tcs de fud kuf_zpfoGm;7m vD;wefjuD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yif
apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?
a' :xm ;7i f c _ r m aum h yi f hwi f ay ;xm ;aomzi fq H k ju D ;u d k
atmuf_yefcs7efyif owdr7Ed li fawmh? onftwkdi f;yifqufI aumhyif h
juGay;xm;onf? vD;wefjuD;apmufacgif;aygufxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmrSKajumif h
_zpfay:vmonfh@S de f ;z de f;aomumrt7omudk _rde f _r de fjuD;cHpm;aeonf?
q7mra':xm;7i f> t7r f ;vS Ky f@ Sm ;qly Gu faeavaom Ør×
obm0aoG;om;rsm;r Sm twrf;wjuD;wrf ;waeonf h Øz d k × "gwfud k
tirf;r7 pm;oH k ;7<lae7m a':xm;7ifwpfud k<fvH k ; juufoD;wzsef;
zse f;xv#uf qwfqwfwkefaeonf?
ud katmifxl;u apmufacgi f;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;aomvD;ud k w0uf
7 2
cef hqG Jxkwfum qwfueJaqmif hcsonf? ØbGyf× ueJaqmif hoGif;oHESi f h
twl a':xm;7i f> Øtif h × ueJtouf@ SLr Sm;oGm;oHu 'Ge fwG Jum
ay:vmonf? aqmif hoGi f ;vd kufr S Kajumif h a':xm;7ift7omawG hoGm;
ovdk aqmif hcsuft[kefESi f htwl aumhyif hwifay;xm;onfzifqH k _zL_zL
juD;onfvnf; arG h7may:tdueJ_yefusonf?
aqmi f h 0i fvmonf hv D ;x dy f 'p f _y Jve f ju D ;u om;t dr f0w Gi f
' kwfueJvmaxmufonfrd k h a':xm;7ifrsufESmav;rJ hoGm;onf?
'kwd<yd ki f ;ar#m fyg?
7 3
Þ q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(2) ß
ud katmifxl;qwfueJaqmif hcsvd kufvd k h ØbGyf × ueJvD;0ifoGm;
oHeJ htwl| Øtif h × qd kwJ h a':xm;7if7J htouf@SLrSm;oGm;oHud kjum;7awmh
_r<rif;7ifxJvnf; 'de f;ueJud k cke foGm;ygw<f?
ab;em ;uvnf ; v S K y f @ S m ;o H aw Gv d kv d k jum ;7wma jumi f h
_r<rif;tomacgif;i J hjunfhvd kufawmh _rif7wJ h _rifuGif;u 7ifwkefcsi f
p7mjuD;yg?
rmvmwi fav? 0wfxm;w J h @ S y ftu ô s7i fbwfus< fo D ;aw G
tuke f _y Kw fv d k h ? b7mp D<mud kvnf ; 7i fb H kv Se fwi fxm;vd ku fao;
w<f? ' Dawm h ol hE d k ht H k ju D ;E Sp fc ku t_yL;om;juD ;ay:aewmayg h ?
'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ? xrDuvnf;a_yav#musae_yD? twGif;cHabmif;
bDawmifr@S dawmhwmqdkawmh zifta_ymifom;eJ hayg h?
rmvmwif7 J hvufawGu ud k< f hE d k ht H k awGud k _ye f _y D ;tm;7y g ;7
qkyfe<faeav7J h? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;awGud kvnf; zspf!SpfqdwfqG Jw<f?
_r<ri f ;y g ;py fta[mi f ;om;e J h ac gi f ;i J h junf haewmud kvnf ;
rmvmwifodyH kr7ygbl;? b<fvd kvkyfodEd li fr SmvJ? rmvmwif7J hrsufvH k;u
7 4
eH7HtuGJjum;rSmxduyfvd k h? a[m _r<rif;junfhaewkef;r SmyJ nmbuf
Ed k htH kud k ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfaewJ hrmvmwif7J hvuf[m atmufbufud k
a@G hvsm;a7mufvmw<f?
tvdkav;? rmvmwifu olhaygifc Gjum;utzkwfud k vufeJ h
_ye fE S d Ku f _y D ;uvdaeyga7mvm;? tacgi f ;aygufxJvuf!S d K ;e J hx d k ;ar $wJ h
t_yif apmufaphud kzspf!SpfyGwfqG Jwmud kyg _r<rif;_rif7w<f? _yD;awmh
tzkwfxJrSmt7nfawGpd kaewmajumif h yspfyspfysyfysyftoHav;awGawmif
jum;vdkuf7ao;?
' Dt_zpfud k _ri f7wmajumif h _r<rif;[mt7rf;ud kxdwfvef hwke f
v S Ky fo Gm ;7w<f? ' Dv d kr s d K ;v ky fz d k h roi f hawm fajumi f ; rmvmwifud k
a_ymqd k[ef hwm;csi fyg7J h?
'gayr<fh_r<rif;[m rSifoufrdovdk_zpfaew<f? tmap;xnfh
xm;ovd kc Hpm;7w<f? yg;pyfubmpum;rSa_ymrxGufbl k ;? tJ yd kqd k ;
wmu rmvmwifwpfa<muf udk<f hE d k hud k<f hvufeJ he<f| ud k<f htzkwf
ud k<f _ye fuvd_y D ; wwGe f hwGe f hwvde fvde fe J haumhys HvS Ky f@ Sm ;aewmud ky J
aoaocsmc sm ju D ;u d k junf haer dw<fav? rmvmwi f7 Jtz kw fu d k
uvdaewJhvufacsmif;rSm apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k _yD; ta7mifvufawmuf
vmwmudkawmif _r<rif;_rif7w<f?
7 5
_y D;awmh rmvmwif htzkwfrSm apmufar$;av;awGaygufaewm
udkvnf;_rif7w<f? rmvmwif7J hapmufar$;awGu a':xm;7ifavmuf
rxlbl;? 'gayr<fhtawmfav;rsm;w<f? tzkwfw0d kufrSmawmh rnf;ae
wmyJ?
_r<rif ;7 J hapmufz kwfr Smawmh apmufar $ ;raygufao;bl;av?
_r<rif;[m apmufar$;awGbmawGawmifaygufae_yD_zpfwJ hrmvmwifud k
tm;uscsifovdkvd k | remvd kcsifovdkvd kawmif_zpfrdw<f?
<k<karmf[mvnf; bmxl;vd k hvJ? xrDud katmufpvGwfatmif
vkyf _y D ; ol htzkwfud kol_yefuvdaew<f? wpfbufcef;ut_zpftysuf
awGud k tm;7yg;7junfh7if; t_ywfud ktzkwfES d Kufaewm?
a _ymra _ymc si f awm hy gb l ; ? _r<ri f ;7 J hte D ;yw f0e f ;u si f[m
7rufvS d Ki f;awGxefvd k haew<fav? _r<rif;vnf; twk_riftwwfoif
qd kovd k <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k hvd k ud k<f htzkwfud k _yefE S d Kufuvdcsif
vm_yD? 'gayr<fh7Jvnf;r7Jao;bl;?
Þ usKyfaqmif hoGif;7if zifjuD;ud kaumhyifay; [kwfvm; ß
ud katmi fxl ;7 J hawmi f ;qd kv d ku foHu _r<ri f ;em;xJud kp l ;ue J
7 6
0ifvmw<f? 'Dpum;u _r<rif;7J h7rufpdwfud k yd k _yif;_yxufoefvm
apw<f?
rmvmwifeJ h<k<karmfwd k hbufud ktjunfha7mufae7mu csufcsif;
yJ wpfbufcef;xJu_rifuGif;ud k _yefacsmif;junfhw<f?
ud katmifxl;utay:uae ukef;vd kufuGvd kufeJ h a':xm;7ifud k
tm ;7y g ;7vd k ;aqmi f h aeav_y D ? a':xm;7i fuvnf ;atmufuae_y D ;
zifjuD;ud kaumhvd kuf| yif hvd kuf| a0h0d kuf<rf;vd kufvkyfay;aew<f?
wbGyfbGyf| wzGwfzGwftoHawGuawmh qlnHaewmyJ?
tay:uaqmi f hv d k ;aewJ hv le J h atmufuaqmi f htvd k ;c Haeol
t_ywfud ktay;t<lr#aewmayg h? ESpfa<mufvH k;t7om@S dw<f?
u d katmi fx l ;aqmi f hv d k ;aey H kuawm h tawm fu d k jur f ;w<f?
7rf;w<f? wpfbufrde f;rud k !SmwmrSKr@S dwJ haqmif hcsuf_yif;_yif;awGeJ h
wtm;ud kvd k ;aeaqmfaewm?
aqmif hcsufawGajumif h a':xm;7if7J hwpfud k<fvH k;wkefcgaewmyJ?
7 7
_r<rif ;7 J hem;xJr Sm pGwfp Gwfp dp dtoHawGjum;ae7wmajumif h
ab;ud ktomacgif;i J hjunfhvd kuf_yefw<f?
tJawmh? <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ; t0wfawG
cÈwfypfvd kufju_yD; ud k<fvH k;wD;_zpfaejuyga7mvm;?
ESpfa<mufvH k;aqmif hajumif hxk di f _y D; tzkwfud kvufacsmif;awGeJ h
xd k ;uvdaejuw<f? <k<karmfu _r<rif;bufud kwpfcsufvSnf hjunfh
_yD; rsufpdrS dwf_yvd kufw<f? <k<karmf7J hnmvuf!S d K ;uawmh olhtzkwf
xJrSmav? t_ywfud kvd k ;aewm? uvdaewm? ar$aewm?
rsufpdrS dwf_yvdkufwmu _r<rif;vnf;olwd k henf;wl udk<f htzkwf
ud k<f_yefxd k ;uvdzd k htazmf!S dwmrSe f ; _r<rif;odygw<faemf? _r<rif;
tJ'Dvd kvkyfwmudkvnf; olwd k hu junfhcsifaejuw<fav?
wpfbufce f ;xJr Smud katmi fxl ;uawmh a':xm;7i fud kaumi f ;
aumif;juD;aqmif hvd k ;ae_y D? a':xm;7ifuvnf;atmufuae zifjuD;
a0 hum0 d ku fum| aum humyi f hume J h ud katmi fx l ;aqmi f hv d k ;or#ud k
_r de f _r de f<Suf<SufjuD;cHaeav7J h?
wp fbufce f ;uae aumi frav;awGac smi f ; junf haejur<f
7 8
qdkwmud k ud katmifxl;uusde f ;aoodaew<f? 'gajumif hacsmif;junf h
aejur<fhaumifrav;awG yd k _rifuGif;aumif;_yD; 7ifwzd kz d karmw[dkuf
[d kuf_zpfukefju7avatmif wrifud kzefwD;_yD; 7uf7ufpufpufvd k;ae
w<f? a':xm;7ifuawmh ol hwynf hrav;awGacsmi f ;junf haewmud k
rod@Smbl;? td kav? 'Dvd kacsmif;a_rmif;junfhr<fvd k hvnf; awG;awmif
rawG;rdbl;?
c7 D ;ye f ;vmwmajumi f h aumi frav;awGw ke f ;ue Jaeatmi f
tdyfarmusaejuvdrf hr<fvd k hy J wGufw<f? oleJ hud katmifxl;'Dtcef;xJ
r Sm ESp fa<mufwnf;p dwfwd ki f ;us vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaeE d li f juw<f
qd kwJ htawG;e J h t7rf ;ud k _zp faewm? 7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Haewm?
bmrSud kâa_êawGbmawG qnfraeEd li fawmhbl;?
Þ b<fhES<fvJ usKyfvD;juD;uaqmif hvd k ;wm tzkwfxJtukef
0if7J hvm; ß
ud katmifxl;uar;w<f? 'Dvd kar;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Sm aqmif hcsuf
tm;ud k enf;enf;av;av#mhcsay;vd kufw<f?
td k- -bma_ymaumif;rvJ? aqmif hvd k ;wmt_ywfcHvd k haumif;
aewJha':xm;7if raeEd li frxd ki fE d li fatmifud k _zpfoGm;wmayg h?
7 9
Þ [if h- -[if h- -0ifygw<fud katmifxl;7 J h ? 0ifygw<f?
aqmif hprf;yg@Si f h- -apmapmwkef;uvdk wtm;aqmif hprf;yg [if;[if; ß
Þ aqmif hvd k ;wm cHvd k haumif;vm; ß
Þ tm;[if h- -aumif;w<f- -aumif;w<f? aumif;vd k haqmif h
c d ki f ;wmayg h@ Si f h- -bGyf bGyf- -trav;- -tJvd krs d K ;a_ymwm- -
bGyf tm;tD; bGyfbGyf ß
ud katmifxl;[m wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if ; a':xm;7i f7 J hE d k ht H k
juD;awGud kvnf; vufESpfbufeJ htm;7yg;7 !SpfqG Jw<f? b<favmuf
rsm;vJqd k7if _zLEkwJ hE d k htH kom;awGay:rSm vuf7mt!dktrnf;xifoGm;
wJ htxdyJ? 'gawGud k _rifae7wJh_r<rif;uvnf; b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmh
ygbl;? pdwfxJu t7rf;ud kvS Ky f@ Sm;vmw<f? apmufzkwfxJuvnf;
t7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud k<d kp dr f husvmw<f? tzkwfuvnf; odyfud k
<m;ae_yD? b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmhbl;?
vufe J h _zp f _zp fy Gwfay;r S _zp fawmhr Sm? <k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k h
_rifoGm;rSmud kvnf; _r<rif;upd k ;7 dr fr dao;wm?
[d kESp fa<mufawmh olwd k hz DvifeJ holwd k h t_ywfud k _zpfaejuay
8 0
r<fh 'grs d K ;wpfcgrSvl_rifol_rifrvkyfzl;wJ h _r<rif;tzd k huawmh ud k<f hvdyf
_ymud k<f@Suf_yD; rvH krvJ_zpfaewmyg?
od k haomftzkwfuvnf;tvGefud k<m;vmaeonfhtwGuf aemuf
qH k;wGifawmh b<fvd kr Sp dwfrxdef;Ed li fawmh? <k<karmfESi f hrmvmwifwd k h
rod7avatmif tomyifxrDud katmufprvGwfwvGwf _zp faeatmif
aqmif hajumif hruswusav;xd ki fvd kufonf? _yD ;awmh nmbufvuf
ud k xrDatmufod k h rodromav;xd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf? xd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf
aomvufonf wif;7if;aomaygif7if;yd ki f ;ud k xdud ki fr donf? onfvd k
r dr daygi fom;tdtdud k vuf_zif hxdr dvd kufcs de fwGi f _r<rif;r SmjuufoD;
_ ze f ;ue Jxonf ? tz kw ftw Gi f ;bu fw Gi fvn f ; y d kIp d kvmonf ?
tzkwfE S Kwfcr f ;om;rsm;r Smvnf; azgi f ;r d k hwufvmju7m _r<rif ;>
pdwfxJwGif wpfrs d K ;juD;cHpm;7avonf?
onfv d k _y Kr lr d _y D ; TuJ ho d k h aomtawG htm@ k H r s d K ; c Hpm ;7r S Ku
_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f tm@k HE Sp fc k | cHpm;csufE Sp frs d K ; _zpfay:aponf?
wp fr s d K ;u z de f ;@ S d e f ;aE G ;axG ;aomumrt7omud k om<m<pfr l ;r S K |
aemufwpfrs d K ;uawmh onfvd kt@Sufuif;r J hp Gm_yKr lvkyfaqmifae_cif;ud k
pufqkyf@G H@ SmrSK?
r dr d>pdwfrxdef;E d li fy J _yKvkyfr daomt_yKtrlrsm;onf rSm;rsm;
8 1
rSm;oGm;av_yDvm;[kvnf; pd k ;@ G H hp GmawG;rdavao;onf?
rdrd>pdwfrxdef;Ed li fy J_yKrlrdaomt_yKtrlrsm;onf rSm;rsm;rSm;oGm;
av_yDvm;[kvnf; pd k ;@ G H hp GmawG;rdavao;onf?
rnfod k hyifqd kap| xdktawG;rs d K ;@ S daeonfhjum;uyif _r<rif;>
vufr s m ;on f tv d ktav #mu fay g i fwe fwp f av # mu fy Gw foy fum
aygi f7i f ;~ GqH kae7mod k ha@ G hvsm;oGm;aeonf? vufacsmi f ;xdy fr sm;onf
tar$;wpfyifr Sraygufao;aomfvnf; obm07rufp dwf_zi f h azgi f ;td
pd k@ $ Jaeavonfhtzkwfud k xdrdoGm;avawmhonf?
xd kod k hxdvd kufrdcs de fwGif @S de f ; _raomtawGhtm@k Honf _r<rif;>
wpfud k<fvH k;ud k v$rf;_cH Kvmonf? _r<rif;b<fvd krSrcsKyfwnf;Ed li fawmh?
aumhaxmifwufaeaomapmufaphav;ud k vuf!S d K ; _zi f hxd k ;um uvd
vdkufrdonf?
Þ trav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwmudkatmifxl;7J h- -aqmif hyg
- -aqmif hprf;yg? tm;yg;yg; tm;- - ß
apmufaphud kvuf!S d K ; _zif hvSrf;uvdI 7ifxJzde f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;cs de f
r Smyif a':xm;7if>tmomirf;irf; | 7ruf_yif;_yif;_zif ha_ymqd kvd kufoH
8 2
ay:vmonf?
Þ aygi fud kaumif;aumif;qG Jaxmif_y D ; zifjuD;ud kaumhwifay;
xm;prf; ß
ud katmifxl;uvnf; aqmif htm;aumif;I vD;0ifeufaprnf h
taetxm;rs d K ; _zif h a':xm;7ifud kaecd ki f ;onf? wu<fawmh udkatmif
xl ;aec d ki f ;onf htaetxm;r Sm tvd k ;c H7olr de f ;rtzd k h t@Sufuke fum
vd k ;aoma<muf sm ;aqmi f hor# 7uf7ufa7ma7mc H7onf htaetxm;
_zpfonf? tvGefyifvD;t0ifeufvSaomajumif h aju;pm;r<frsm;yifv#if
on ftaetxm;r s d K ; aeay ;7y gu ty d k abmu fq l ; _ r d K ; _ r d K ; _ ru f _ru f
awmif;avh@S donf?
a':xm;7ifrSmrl 7ruft[kef>v$rf;r d k ;xm;rS Kajumif h bmud kr#
rpOf;pm;Ed li f? ud katmifxl;aqmif hvd k ;or# t7omjuD;_zpfaeaomajumif h
ud katmifxl;vd kcsi fonf htaetxm;twd ki f ; rqd ki f ;rwGyif _yKvkyfay;
vdkufonf?
_r<rif;onf q7mra':xm;7if>a_ymif ;vJoGm;aomud k<fae
ud k<fxm;ud k wodrf hodr f hc ke faom7if _zi f h tao;pdwfyifaoaocsmcsm
junfh@ S Kaerdonf? a':xm;7ifonf aygifwefjuD;ESp fc kud kwwfEd li for#
8 3
aumhaxmifauG;!$wfay;xm;onf? onftwdki f;axmifay;xm;_cif;yif
r[kwf? wa~gufauG;r SaeI vuf_zi f hvSr f ;qG J<lay;xm;onf_zp f7m
'l;acgif;rsm;onf olr>ykcke f;ud k xdvkxdcifyif_zpfaeonf?
r dr dv d k c si fonf htaetxm;twd ki f ; a' :xm;7i f@ S do G m ;onfE Si f h
u d katmi fxl ;uvnf; 0uf0ufuG Jatmi fud k wtm;aqmi f hv d k ;y gav
awmhonf?
Þ awmu f- -ci fA s m ;tz kw fu ody f c sv d k h aumi f ;wmy J ?
uÈe fawmf hvD ;juD;ud kvnf; qG J _y D ;[yf<laeao;w<f? [kwf_y D- -
aygi f juD ;ud k' Dvd kqG Jaxmi fay;xm;r Sayg h ? 'gr SvD ;ut_ywf0i fr Sm- -
a[m'DrSmjunfh- - ß
Þ bGyfyvGyf- -bGyfbGyf- -bkbGyf ß
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -aumif;vScsnfvm;ud katmifxl;7J h- -@Sifaqmif h
wmodyfaumif;wmyJ? vd k ;prf ;yg@ Si f- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;prf ;yg? tm;
yg;yg;- -[kwf_yD wtm;aqmif h- -wtm;? @Sif hvD;juD;ud kuÈefrtzkwf
xJ wtm;aqmif hvd kufprf;yg? tm;yg;yg;@S D ;- -tD; ß
a':xm;7i fuvnf; ud katmi fxl ;E Si f ht_y d Ki fyi f wpfwpfc Gc G
8 4
npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ymqd kv#uf 7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;tvdk;cHaeonf?
a':xm;7if>_yKrla_ymqd kaeyH kud kjunfh_yD; _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif
t@ Su fen f ;7e faum[k xi fr donf ? w<f^Sm ju D ;w J h r d e f ; ry gvm;
[lIvnf; uJh7J hr donf?
od k haom f wpfbufr Svnf; a':xm;7i fud k tm;usovd kr s d K ;
_zpfrdao;onf? rdrdom a':xm;7if>ae7mwGif@S dae_yD; apmufzkwfxJ
dod k h juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;juD;xd k ;oGif;v#uf wtm;aqmif h
vd k ;wmcH7v#if b<fvd krsm;aeavrnfenf;[k awG;rdaomtcg _r<rif;
wpfud k<fvH k; juufoD;awGxvmonf? wkefwcd kufcd kuf_zpfvmonf?
tu<fI ud katmifxl;vd k ;aeolrSm a':xm;7ifr[kwfyJ rdr d
u d k< fw d k i f _zp faev#i f r dr donfvnf ; Tenf ;E Si fE Si f _y Kr lr dr S my J[ k
awG;onf?
wpfbufcef;wGif vdk;aecHaeolawGuawmh t7rf;ud k _zpfaeonf?
aqmif hvd k;aeolESif h atmufrStvdk;cHaeol tay;t<lr#ae7m ESpfa<muf
vH k ;t7omaumif;aumif;awG haeonf? a':xm;7if> tdtdazgi f ;azgi f ;
r ke f haygi f ;y H kapmufz kwfjuD;r Sm vS Ky f@ Sm ;touf0i fum t@S de f _yi f ; _yi f ;
aqmif hvd k ;aeonfhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k 7pfywfzspf!SpfpkyfqG Jaeonf?
8 5
a':xm;7if>aoG;rsm; qlyGufvm_yD? rdrd Ø_yD;× vkeD;_yDqd k _cif;ud k
a':xm;7ifodonf? odyfrjumawmhyg? aemufxyfq<fcsufausmfausmf
avmuf taqmif hc Hvd kuf7v#i f aumif ;aumif ;juD;ud k Ø _y D ; × oGm;
awmhrnf?
u d katmi fx l ;uvnf ; t7r f ;u d k ju Jaeonf? a':xm;7i f>
Ed k ht H k juD;E Sp fvH k ;ud k _ywfxGufvkrwwfyif wtm;zsp f!Sp fqG Jud ki fum
tm;u ke faqmi f honf ? aqmi f h c su fr sm ;onf qufwd ku fv d k _zp fum
tvGef_refvmonf? tvGefud ktm;_yif;vmonf?
umrpyf<SufrS KtawGhtjuHK@S dolyDyD ud katmifxl;vnf; okwf
7nfawGv$wfxkwfvkeD;_yD_zpfajumif; a':xm;7if7dyfr donf?
r dr dr Ø_y D ; × 7ao;rD ud katmifxl;okwf7nfawGye f ;xGufum
taqmif h7y f | tvd k ;em;oGm;r Smud k a':xm;7i ftvGe fp d k ;7 dr fvmonf?
Tod k hom_zpfygu a':xm;7iftzd k h wu<fhud kqef hwiH hi H h juD;@ S daernf
r[kwfygvm;?
ud katmifxl;okwfxdef;xm;Ed li f7ef b<fvd kvkyfay;7rnfud kvnf;
a':xm;7ifrod? <ckavmavmq<frSmawmh a':xm;7ifrSm wtif htif h
w[if h[i f h _zi f h ud katmi fxl ;>_yi f ;xe fvSaomaqmif hvd k ;c sufr sm;ud k
8 6
zifjuD;wjuGjuG_zif h cH<lae7avonf?
_r<rif;r Smvnf; bmud kr S@ SufajumufraeEd li fawmh? bmud kr S
vnf ;awG ;awmp d k ;@ G H h aer S Kr@ S d awm h ? olr>apmufz kw fu d ky Gw fv d ku f |
apmufaphud kuvdvd kufvkyf7if; ud katmifxl;ESi f ha':xm;7ifwd k h 7uf7uf
a7ma7mvdk;aejuyH kud k junfh@S Kaeonf? _r<rif;>aoG;om;awGuvnf;
t7rf;ud kqla0aeonf? _r<rif;ud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf; Ø_yD;×vkØ_yD;×cif _zpf
aeacs_y D?
a':xm;7ifvnf; Ø_yD;×vkØ_y D; ×cif_zpfvm_yD? aemufxyfoH k ;csuf
avmuftaqmif hc H7v#if Ø_yD; × oGm;awmhrnf? xd kajumif ha':xm;7if
onf aygi fud ktpGr f ;uke faxmifum _zJum;ay;xm;onf? zifqH k juD;
ud kvnf; wtm;ud kaumhyif hay;xm;onf?
ay gi fu d k rw7m ;um;axmi fxm ;I ay gi f7i f ;yi f emvmonf ?
zifjuD;aumhyif hay;xm;7onfhtwGuf cg;qpfvnf;emvmonf?
' gayr<f h7@ S d c H pm ;7awm hrn f h umrt7omtxGy ftxy fu d k
wyfrufvGe f ;vSaomajumi f h aygi f7i f ;emwmawG | cg ;qpfatmi f hwm
awGud k ~@krpd kufEd li f?
8 7
xdktcs de fr Smyifud katmifxl;uvnf; a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfxJ
r SvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k qwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kufonf? ØyvGy f × [laom
toHESi f htwl tzkwfxJrSvD;acsmif;juD;uÈwfxGufonf? vD;juD;onf
apmuf7nfrsm;p d kum a_ymifvufaeonf? umrqdyfawGt7rf;wufae
cs de fr d k hvnf; tpGrf;ukefawmifrwfaeonf? tajumrsm;_yd Ki f; _y d Ki f;xum
rwfawmi faeavaomvD;we f juD ;ud k bGm;ue J _ri fvd ku f ju7cs de fw Gi f
_r<ri f ; | <k<karm fE Si f h rmvmwi fwd k ho H k ;a<mufvH k ;>E S Kw fz sm ;r S
Øtd k- -× [ka<mif<rf;a7@Gwfvd kufrdonf?
Ø_yD;× vk Ø_yD;× cifta_ctaewGif vD;acsmif;juD;qG JxkwfoGm;I
tm;rvd ktm;r7_zpfoGm;7avaoma':xm;7ifr Smr l ud k<f hz DvifE Si f hud k<f
t@l;trl; _zpfaeonfrd k h aumifrav;oH k ;a<muf>a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoH
ud krjum;? onfvd ktoHrs d K ;ud kem;p Gi f haxmi faeavolud katmi fxl ;om
jum;rdum judwfIoabmusoGm;onf?
xGifxm;onfhtuGufaumif;aumif;juD;0ifaeavonfudk;?
Þ aqmif hygtH k;ud katmifxl;7<f- -quf_yD;aqmif hvd k;ay;ygtH k;
uÈefrvmawmhr<f@Si f h- -vmawmhr<f? qufvd k ;yg@ Si f- -qufvd k ;
prf;yg ß
8 8
a':xm;7ifu tmomirf;irf;yifa_ymqd konf?
Þ cifAsm;ud k _y D ;oGm;atmif qufaqmif hvd k ;ay;r<f? tJ- -
cifAsm;_yD;oGm;7if usKyfud kwpfckvkyfay;7r<f ß
a':xm;7ifu r@SufE d li frajumufE d li fa_ymqd kawmif ;c Haeaomf
vnf; udkatmifxl;u_yefrvd k;ao;bJ av;at;at;ESif ha_ymonf?
Þ bmvJ@ Si f- -a_ymy g- -vky fay;y g hr<f? uÈe frud kom
quf_yD;vd k ;prf;ygaemf- -[if;[if; ß
Þ usKyf7J hvD;ud k v7nfxGufvmwJhtxdpkyfay;7r<f? _yD;awmh
xGufvmwJhv7nfawGud k rs d Kcs7r<f ß
ud katmi fxl ;>7ufa7mnpfnrf ;vSaomawmif ;qd kc sufajumi f h
a':xm;7ifrsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf? jum;vdkuf7avolrdef;uav;oHk;a<muf
rSmvnf; ausm@k d ;p dr f hoGm;juonf?
tvdkav;av;? vD;pkyfay;7rwJh? okwf7nfawGxGufvmatmif
pkyfay;_yD; xGufvmwJhokwf7nfawGud k rs d Kcs7tH k ;rwJ h? 7ufpufvScsnf
vm;ud katmifxl;7m?
8 9
Þ b<fvd kvJ? usKyfa_ymovdkrvkyfay;bl;vm;? 'gqd kcifAsm;ud k
vnf; qufrvd k;awmhbl; ß
ud katmifxl;u cyf_ywf_ywfa_ymum cHwifatmufod k hqif;rnf
_yKonf? Ø_y D; × vkqJqJ_zpfaeavaoma':xm;7ifr Sm ud katmifxl;>
tjuyfud ki fvmrSKud k wif;rcHEd li f@ Smay?
Þ pkyfay;yg hr<f@Sif h- -pkyfay;yg hr<f? roGm;ygeJ hud katmifxl;7<fß
a':xm;7i fonf vS Jt dy fae7mr Suke f ;xum ud katmi fxl ;ud k
vSrf;qG J7if;a_ymonf?
Þ 'gqd k tckcsufcsif;vD;pkyfay; ß
ud katmifxl;uxdkod k ha_ym_yD; cHwifapmif;wGiftomxdki fcsonf?
ae7m<ly H kuvnf; wu<f hud ktyd ki f ? ol>rwfawmifxaeavaom
vD;juD;onf wpfbufrSacsmi f ;junf haeaomrde f ;uav;rsm;> rsufp d
t_rifvrf;ajumif;wnfhwnfh? w^SmaZmawGxefaeavaoma':xm;7if
c_rm wpfcsufav;r#yifwH k hqd ki f ;rae0H h ? ud katmifxl;a'gy G _y D ; cHwif
atmu fqi f ;umx Gu fo G m ;r S mu d k p d k ; 7 d r f aeonfr d k h rq d k i f ; rw Gyi f
ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;ud kuke f ;um yg;pyf _zif hi H kIpky fay;vd kuf7avawmh
9 0
onf?
a':xm;7ifu ud katmifxl;>vD;ud kuke f ;p ky fonfud kawG h7aom
tcg _r<rif;wd k hr Sm t7rf;ud ktH hjoum t_ywfyifpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;7
onf?
a' :xm;7i fp k y f ay ;v d ku f7onf hv D ; ju D ;>ta_ctaeuvnf ;
junfhygtH k ;? apmufzkwfud kt_ywfvd k;ae7if; qGJxkwfxm;onfhtwGuf
apmuf7nfjunfawG@$ J@ $ Jp d kaeavonfhvD;juD;?
b<favmufrsm;pufqkwf@G H@ SmzG<faumif;vSygoenf;?
od k haom fxl ;qe f ;onfr Sm xd k _ri fuGi f ;ud k junf h7onf htwGuf
_r<rif;wd k hr Sm @G H@ Smonfhp dwfrsm;ay:rvm? rde f;r l;z G<f7maompdwfvSKyf
@ Sm;rS Kud kom cHpm;7onf? bmajumif hrsm;onfvd k<pf<pfrl;r l;_zpf7wm
ygvdrf h?
_r<ri f ;>acgi f ;xJwGi f qla0r l ;aemufaeonf? bm_zp fvd k h
bmvky fr daerSe f ;vnf;rod? wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke f7i faewm7<f?
7ifw'def;' de f ;c ke faewm7<f? zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpf_yD; juufoD;awGx_yD;
7if;xaewm7<f| 'gawGyJodae7onf?
9 1
xdk h _yi f _r<rif;>vufacsmi f ;rsm;uvnf; tzkwfud kaumif ;
aumi f ; _ye fuvdum tvky f@ S Ky fIaeonf? r dr d>vufatmufwGi f
r dr dtz kw f ju D ;az gi f ; ju Gwufum p d k@ $ Jvmonfud k _r<ri f ;o d7onf?
_r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; vl;vGef hvSKyf@ Sm;vd k hae7yg_yD?
xd ktcd kufolr>aemufbufqDwGif vSKyf@Sm;rS Kwpfckck_zpfvmonf
ud kjum;7onf? 'gayr<f h _r<rif;r Sm xd kvSKy f@ Sm;r S Kud k ~@kr_yKEd li fyg?
olr>rsufvH k ;rsm;onf wpfbufcef ;r S7rufaZmjuGz G<f7m_rifuGi f ;ud k
om pl;pd kufIjunfhaeonf?
Þ pkyf- -pkyf- -tm;7yg;7pkyfprf;? tm;yg;- -w<faumif;
ygvm; pkyf pkyf ß
ud katmifxl;u tHjudwfuma_ymonf? xdk h _yifol>cg;uvnf;
wvSKy fvS Ky f | zifuvnf;wjuGjuG? xd kvS Ky f@ Sm;r S Krsm;u vD;juD;ud k
tay:od k hai g hai g hwufvmapav7m uke f ;p ky faeavonf ha':xm;7i f>
yg;pyfxJod k h vD;ud kxd k ;aqmif hoGif;ovdkrs d K ;yif_zpfaeonf?
a':xm;7ifuvnf; yg;av;rsm;yde fvd kufazgif;vd kuf_zpfoGm;atmif
yif vD;ud k7uf7ufa7ma7mpkyfay;aeavonf?
9 2
olraemufausmbufod k h wpfp H kwpfa<mufwk d ;uyfvmonfud k
_r<rif ;odvd kufonf? xd kol>vufrsm;onf _r<rif ;0wfxm;aom
wD@ Sy fy Gy GjuD;atmufod k hwd k ;0i fum b7mpD<mpnf;aE Smi fxm;_ci f ;r@ S dI
tumtuG<fuif;r J haeavaom7ifom;qd ki fr sm;ud k qky fud ki fvmonf?
_y D ; awm h p l ju Gc Èe f aum haeonf hE d k ho D ;ac gi f ;r s m ;u d k y Gw fac sonf ?
xd k h _yi fy laE G ;p d kp Gw faomE S kw fcr f ;av;uvnf; _r<rif ;>vnf~ kwfud k
tomt<merf;vmonf? _r<rif;qwfueJwkefonf?
aemufvSnf hrjunf haomfvnf; Tod k h _yKr lvmolonf rmvm
wif _zp fajumif ; em;@ Gufem;ud kxdr donf hr sufr Se f>txdtawG hajumif h
_r<rif;odvd kufonf? (rmvmwifonf rsufrSe fcyfxlxlwyfxm;7onf)
t_cm;aomrde f ;uav;wpfa<mufu olrud kud ki fwG<fyGwfoyf
aeyga7mvm;? _y D ;awm h xd kty Gwftoyf | tud ki ftwG<fud kvnf ;
_r<rif;junfEl;om<mrdonf?
_r<rif ;onf onfvd k _yKr lvmavolrmvmwifud k wGe f ;z<f
yp fvd kufc si fonf? _y D ;awmha<muf sm;vd kvd kaexd ki fvky faqmifwwfol
rmvmwifud kvnf; _r<rif;odyfjunfhr7cJ hyg? od k haomf pdwfoGm;wd ki f ;
ud k<fryg? olr>aoG;om;rsm;u rmvmwif>vkyfaqmifyH kud k t7rf;
vd kvm;vufc Haejuonf? wpfenf;a_ym7aomf rmvmwifu<ckvd k
9 3
Ed k hud ki f | Ed k hoD;yGwf| vnf~kwferf;vkyfay;_cif;u _r<rif;tm;umrt7om
txGyftxdyfwufvSrf;um Ø_yD;× 7apzd k htwGuf wpfbufrSaxmuful
wGe f ;y d k hovd k _zpfaeonfr[kwfygvm;?
Þ tm;- -tD;- -ig hv7nfawGxGufukef_yD? rs d Kcsprf;? wtm;
pkyf_yD; tukefrs d Kcs ß
ud katmi fx l ;> tm;7y g ;7a7@ Gw fa _ymjum;o Hay:vmonf?
x d k h _ yi fu d k atmi fx l ;wp fu d k< fv H k ; usi fpu fE Si f htwd k h c Hv d ku f7ovd k
qwfueJqwfueJwGef hoGm;onfud kvnf; _rifju7onf?
_r<rif;>rsufaphxJwGi f 7xm;ay:r Smwke f ;u a':xm;7if>
~Gi f ;wd kufay;rS Kajumif h ud katmifxl;vD;wefxdyfr S okwf7nf_zL_zLysp f
cÈ JcÈ Jrsm; yef;xGufcJ hy H kud k _yef_rifa<mifvmonf?
<ckvnf;ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJwGif okwf7nf
rsm;v$wfxkwfvd kufav_yD? yef;xGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf vD;ud k
uke f ;p ky fay;aeaoma':xm;7if>vnfacsmi f ;xJa7mufatmifud k wd k ;0i f
oGm;r Smygy J?
rmvmwi fu E d k ho D ;u d k y Gw fuvday ;r S Ku ynm_yn f h0um
9 4
xdrdvSay7m _r<rif;onfvnf; a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJY udkatmifxl;
>okwf7nfrsm;yef;xGufoGm;cs de fr Smyif wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ h7onf?
xd kod k h _y D;oGm;cs de fwGif _r<rif;>udk<fvH k;av;onf qwfqwf
wke fcgIaeonf? vD;uke f ;p ky fay;ae7avaoma':xm;7if>ES kwfcrf;rsm;
tjum;r S _zLazG ;ysp fcÈ Jonf hokwf7nftcs d K h <d kp D ;xGufusvmonfud k
_r<rif ;p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;pz G<f _ri f7onf? xd k h _yi fa':xm;7i f>vnfrs d K
vSKy f@ Sm;um okwf7nfrsm;aomufrs d Kcsvd kufonfud kvnf; awG h7onf?
a':xm;7if>vnfrs d Konf qufvufvSKy f@ Sm;v#uf ud katmifxl;ye f ;
x kw fay;aeonf ho kw f7nfr sm ;u d k qufwd ku fyi faomufr s d K c saeav
onf?
awG h _ri fae7onfrsm;onf _r<rif;vd krEl ;reyfq<fausm fouf
t@G<faumifri<fi<fav;tzd k h vGe fvGe f ;vSonf? _r<rif;r Sm<pfr l ;
aeav_yD_zpfaom w^SmaZmt[kef_zif h [pfatmfypfvd kufcsifvmonf?
od k haomf rmvmwifu olrud ktcs de fr Dxdef;odrf;vd kufEd li fonf?
Þ [dwf- -toHus<fus<frxGufeJ h? [d kbufcef;u jum;oGm;
vdrf hr<f ß
9 5
rmvmwifonfwD;wd k ;a_ym7if; toHxGufatmfr dvkvk_zpfaom
_r<rif;>yg;pyfxJod k h olr>vuf!S d k ;ud kqwfueJxd k ;xnfhvd kufonf?
Þ a7m h- -ig hvuf!S d k ;u d kp ky f ? [d kv l ud katmi fxl ; juD ;7 J h
vD;vd k hy J pdwfxJrSmtrSwfxm;_yD;p ky f ß
rmvmwifonf xyfr HIcy fwd k ;wd k ;a _ym_ye fonf? use fvuf
wpfbuf_zif hvnf; _r<rif;>Ed k hoD;ud k tomyGwfacsay;aeonf?
_r<rif;onf olryg;pyfxJxd k;xnfhay;xm;aom rmvmwif>
vuf!S d k ;u d k p ky fv d ku fr donf ? i H! S D! S Dt7omav;ud kc Hpm ;7onf?
rmvmwifonf ud k<f htzkwfud k<f vuf!S d k ; _zi f hxd k ;uvdxm;c J honf
_zp f7m xd kvuf!S d k ;w Gi fuy fndy gvmavaomapmuf7nfjunfr sm ;ud k
_r<rif ;>@Sm_zi f hxdawG h7ufr d7mr S i H!S D!S Dt7omav;rsm;c Hpm;7_ci f ;
_zpfonf? xd kod k h _zpf7rS KtwGuf @G H@ Sm7rnf htpm; _r<rif;7ifz d karmum
yd kIESpfoufoabmusoGm;ovdkvd k xif7onf?
rmvmwifonf nmvuf!S d K ;ud k _r<ri f ;y g ;py fxJxd k ;xnf h
ay ;xm ;ov d k b<fvu f! S d k ;u d kvn f ; _r<ri f ;>apmu fz kw fx J
qwfue Jx d k ;xnf hum ar $Iuvday;aeavao;onf? _r<ri f ;>
p dw fx Jw Gi f awm h o lr>tz kw fx Jw Gi f 0i fx Gu fv S Ky f @ S m ; aeonfr S m
9 6
rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;r[kwfyJ ud katmifxl;>vD;acsmif;juD;[k xif_rif
rdonf? xdkenf;wl yg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;ae7avaom rmvmwif>fnmbuf
vufacsmi f ;onfvnf; ud katmifxl;>vD;wefjuD; _zp fovd kvd k xifr d
_ye fonf?
xd kajumif h a':xm;7ifp ky fay;cJ hy Hud ktwk<lum tm;7yg;7yif
p ky fay;aeonf? a':xm;7if>yg;pyfxJod k h ud katmifxl;u okwf7nf
rsm;ye f ;xnf hay;vd kufovd k <ckvnf;r dr d>yg;py fxJwGi f ylaE G ;ysp fcÈ J
onfhokwf7nf_zL_zLrsm;_ynfhv# HoGm;avrnfvm;[kvnf; xifrdavonf?
od k haomf_r<rif;p ky fay;aeonfrSm vD;tppfr[kwfyJ vuf!S d k ;omv#if
_zp fay7m b<fr Smv#i fo kwf7nfxGufvmE d li fy grnfenf ; ? okwf7nf
xGufvmatmi f p ky f< lay;vd ku fc si faom_r<ri f ;>p dw fqE Nuawm h
r_ynf h0cJ hyg?
od k haomf rmvmwif>b<fvuf!S d k ; _zif h tzkwfud kxd k ;ar$uvd
ay;r S K a jumi f h awm h _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufw ke fwc d ku fc d ku f _zp fatmi f
t7omawG haeonf? wpfcs D Ø_y D ; × cJ h7_y D ; _zp faomfvnf; 7rufaZm
t[kefuawmh usroGm;ao;? wufjuGaeqJ? xufoefaeqJ?
_r<ri f ;>r su fv H k ; aw Guvnf ; wp fbufce f ;r S _ri fu Gi f ;u d k
rcGmEd li f?
9 7
udkatmifxl;>okwf7nfrsm; rdrdyg;pyfxJ_ynf hv# Hatmifyef;xGuf
vmcs de fwGif a':xm;7ifrSmvnf; xl;xl;_cm;_cm;juD;ud k wpfcs D Ø_yD;×
oGm;cJ h7onf?
vifawmfarmifraoqHk;r Du vifr<m;ESpfa<mufumrpyf<Suf
7mwGif _yd Ki fwl Ø_yD;× cJ h7onfhtjudrfrsm;ud k a':xm;7ifjuHKcJ hz l ;ygonf?
vifawmfarmif>vD;rSokwf7nfrsm; apmufzkwfxJyef;xGufvmcs de fwGif
a':xm;7if>wpfud k<fvH k ;@ S daoG;om;rsm;qla0um Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ honf?
tawmfvnf;t7om@S donf? od k haomf<ckud katmifxl;>vufxJwGif
Ø_y D;× cJ h7rS KE Si f hawmh bmr#rqd ki f? tzkwfud kvd k ;wmrcH7ygyJESi f h Ø_yD;×
c J h7_cif;? xd k h _yiftzkwfud kvD;ESi f hvd k ;wmcH7if; Ø_yD;× cJ h7_cifxuf
trsm;juD;yd kaumif;onf? apmufacgif;xJrSxGufvmaomapmuf7nf
junfrsm;onf t_yifod k hv# HxGufonf? av;bufrukef;wukef;_zif h
vD;ukef;p ky fay;ae7cs de fr d k h tzkwfxJrSv# HxGufvmaomapmuf7nfjunf
rsm;onf apmufzkwfatmufwnfhwnfh@ S darG h7may:od k h wpfaygufcsif;
pD;usonf?
'gud k _rif7aom_r<rif;ESi f holi<fcsif;rav;ESpfa<mufwd k hvnf;
t7rf;ud ka[mhukefjuawmhwmayg h?
9 8
aemufwaehreuf e Heufpmpm;aomufjuawmh tm;vH k ;vlp H k
ygonf? a':xm;7if| _r<rif;| <k<karmf| rmvmwifESi f h td ki f7if;
tm;vH k ; ig;a<mufpmpm;yG JwGif0 d ki f ;umxd ki fI pm;aomufjuonf?
a':xm;7i fonf tenf;i<frsufuGi f ;usovd kvd k _zp faeonf?
td ki f7i f ;uawmh @$i f@ $i fvef;vef;yif? b<ftcs de futd ki f7i f ; _ye fa7muf
vmonfud kawmh _r<rif;rodyg? onfaehreuf olrtdyf7muEd k ;awmh
td ki f7if;vnf; tdyfcef;xJwGif@ S daeonfud kawG h7onf? a7cs d K ;ud k<fvuf
oef hpifum pm;aomufcef;od k hqif;vmawmh usefvlrsm;vnf; tdyfcef;
xJrS xGufvmjuonfud kawG h7onf?
Þ wDcsmacgi f ;ud kufaevd k h 'Daehawmhat;at;vlvlem;csi fw<f
uG<f? tJ'gri f ;wd k hvnfywfcsi f7i f rEWav;_r d K hxJr Smy J oGm;juayg h ?
vlpkawmhrcG Je J h? tm;vH k;twlwloGm; [kwfvm;? td ki f7if;u acgif;aqmif
ayg h? 'Dvd kroGm;yJ tem;<lcsifvnf; <ljuav ß
eHeufpmpm;aomuf_y D ;aomtcg a':xm;7ifuTod k ha_ymv#uf
olr>tcef;qDod k h _yefwufoGm;onf?
Þ tvum;- -acgif;ud kufoav;bmav;eJ h oufouftd kufwif
vkyfwm? [dk ud katmifxl;qd kwJ hvljuD;e J hoGm;yvl;rvd k h? rodwmusae
9 9
wmyJ ß
a':xm;7ifxGufoGm;_yD;aomtcg rmvmwifu rJ hum@G J humESif h
a_ymonf?
Þ nu oleJ hud katmifxl;aumif;aumif;juD;tvkyf_zpfjuwm?
uÈe frwd k hoH k ;a<muf 'Dbuftcef;u t_ywfud kacsmi f ;junf hyp fvd kuf
wmyJ? tJ rtd ki f7if;u t_yifxGufaevd k hrjunfhvd kuf7wm ß
<k<karmfu tdki f7if;ud kcyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?
Þ at;- -7xm;ay:rSmwkef;u 'DvljuD;ud kwDcsm~Gi f;wd kufay;
aewmawm h i gaumi f ;aumi f ; junf hv d ku f7om;y J ? ud katmi fx l ;u
vD;t7rf;juD;wmud k;? wDcsmuawmh t_ywfud kc d kufoGm;rSmyJ [D[d ß
td ki f7if;uxd kod k ha_ym7if; ausmcsrf;oGm;onfhtoGif _zif h ykc ke f ;
wGe f h _yonf?
Þ ol hbmomolt_ywfcd kufoGm;wmu ta7;rjuD;bl;? igwd k h
tz d k h aumif ;aumif ;rvnf7wmuawmhatmufw<f? vnfz d k hywfz d k h
oH k ;7ufyJ7wm? wpf7ufawmh tvum;_zpfoGm;yg_yD? ß
1 0 0
rmvmwifu cyfnnf;nnf;uav;a_ymonf?
Þ td k;- -bmajumif htvum;_zpf7rSmvJ? iguawmhyd kawmif
jud Kufao;? ig hzmomig t_yifxGuf_y D ;v<fr<f? aysm fp7m@Smr<f?
vd kufcsifwJ hvl@S d7if vd kufvmcJ hju? 'gyJ? ß
td ki f7if;u cyf_ywf_ywfa_ymonf?
Þ igvnf; rtd ki f7if;e J hvd kufoGm;r<f? bmyJ_zpf_zpf xGufvnf
wmurS yd kaumif;rSm ß
<k<karmfu a_ymonf?
_r<ri f ;tae _zi f h awm h onfv d kx de f ;o dr f ;t ky f c s K y fo lry gy J
av#mufoGm ;vmwmrs d K ;u d k rjud Kufc si fy g ? od k haom f olrtae_zi f h
<k<karmfESi f htd ki f7if;wd k hud k [ef hwm;Ed li frnf htaetxm;vnf; r@S dyg?
<k<karmfu_r<rif;ud k vd kufcJ h7efac:ao;onf?
od k haomf _r<rif;urvdkuf?
1 0 1
aemufqH k;wGifawmh td ki f7if;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<muf twlwl
t_yifod k hxGufoGm;ju_yD? _r<rif;ESif hrmvmwifwdk hrSmrl usefaecJ hjuonf?
Þ td ki f7if;u odyfvnfvGef;wmyJ? vnfvGef;wJ hbD; cs D ;eif;rd
vdrf hr<f junfhae ß
td ki f7if;wd k hxGufoGm;_yD;aemuf rmvmwifu rausreyfa7@Gwf
a_ymjum;onf? rmvmwif>toGi fr Sm tawmfud krc Hcs drc Hom_zpfae
ajumif; odomEd li fonf? od k haomf bmtwGufrcHcs drcHom_zpfae7onf
qd k _cif;ud kawmh _r<rif;rawG;wwfyg?
xd kaemufrmvmwifonf _r<ri f ;u d kp l ;p d ku fumjunf honf?
xd ktjunf hc Hvd kuf7onf htwGuf _r<rif;r Sm 7ifxJwpfrs d K ; _zp fonf?
rmvmwifjunf hy H ku pl;p l ;7 J7 J@ S dvGe f ;vSonf? rsufr Se fwyfxm;onfrd k h
r sufr Se fatmufr Srmvmwif>rsufvH k ;r sm;onf yd k _yL;us<f0 d ki f ;pufae
ovdkvd k xif7onf?
<refae hnut_zpfud k _ye fowd7awmh _r<rif;7i fy d kc ke fvm
onf? _r<rif;onf rmvmwif>pl;7 Jaomtjunfhud k rsufvH k ;csi f ;
rqd ki fvd kaomajumif h tomwpfbufod k hv$ Jvd kufonf? xd kod k hv$ Jvd kuf
aomrsufvH k ;tjunf honf trSwfrxifyif rmvmwif>vufrsm;ay:
1 0 2
usa7mufonf?
_r<rif;yd kvd k hyif 7ifcke fvmonf?
rmvmwifuxd kvufrsm;ud koH k ;I olr>7ifom;rsm;ud kud ki fc J h |
tzkwfud kxd k ;uvdcJ hy H kr sm;E Si f h rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;ud k vD;trSwf_zif h
r dr dtm;yg ;w7pky fc J hy H kr sm;ud kvnf; _ye fvnfpO f ;pm;r donf? juufoD;
av;rsm; _zd K;ueJzsef;ueJxonf? tzkwfxJrS pd kvmonf?
Þ a[h<ri f ;- -ig htce f ;ud kv d ku fc J h ? wDc sme J h[ d kv ljuD ;wd k h
tvkyfquf_zpfaejurSmyJ ß
rmvmwifE Si f htwlwlvd ku foGm ;7e f _r<ri f ;p d k ;@ G H h aeovd kv d k |
ajumufvef hovd kvd k _zpfonf? rmvmwifESi f hvd kufygoGm;ygu nwkef;
uvdkyif rmvmwifurdrdud k yGwfoyfuvday;tkef;r Smud kvnf; odae
onf?
wp fp d r f ; r d e f ;uav;wp fa<muf> ud k i fw G< fy Gw foy fr S Ku d k
_r<rif;>qif_cifpOf;pm;wwfaomtodpdwfESi f hO D ;aESmufwd k hu vufrcH?
od k haomfumrt7omudk irf;irf;wufcHpm;vd kaom olr>7ruf
1 0 3
pdwfESi f h aoG;om;wd k huawmh t7rf;ud kvd kvm;awmif hwaeonf?
7rufqENESi f qif_cifwwfaompdwfwd k h tm;_yd Ki fvGefqG Jaeju
onf?
igrmvmwifeJ hvd kufoGm;zd k h roif hbl;? rmvmwifu ighud kp dwf
jud Kufud ki fwG<faewmawGud k igxyf _y D ;rc Hoif hawmhbl ;? 'gawG[m
ody fud knp fnr f ;wmy J ? qif _ci fwwfaomtodp dwfu owday;wm;
_rpfaeonf?
td k- -bmbmnmnmawG;ajumufraee J h ? vd ku fomoGm;y g ?
wDcsmeJ hud katmifxl;juD; vd k;juaqmfjuwmudkjunfh7if; rmvmwifu
yGwfoyfay;wmcH7wm b<favmufaumif;w<fqd kwmvnf;todom;eJ h
[k7rufpdwfqENu wdkufwGef;aeonf?
q<fausm fouft@G<f Eke<fonf hr de f ;uav;wpfa<mufrqd k
xm;bd? tod]m^fjuG<faomrde f ;rjuD;rsm;ud kyi f aumif;aumif;zrf ;
pm ;E d l i favaomumrp dw fE Si f h7rufqE Nwd k hu aemufqH k ;tE d li f7oGm ;
onf?
_r<rif;onf rmvmwifac:7maemufod k h vd kufygvmcJ hawmh
1 0 4
avonf? rmvmwifonf _r<rif ;>ycke f ;ud k cy fwif ;wif ;zufI
vmcJ honf? rmvmwif>nmbuf7i fom;qd ki fonf _r<rif ;>b<f
ycke f ;ud kxdvd kuf | rxdvd kuf_zp faeonf? rmvmwif>qD;c ke fnmbuf
y d ki f ;uvnf; _r<rif ;>b<fbufzi fom;tpGe f ;y d ki f ;E Si f h xdIxdIae
onf? xdkxdawG hr S Kajumif h zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;7onfud k _r<rif;
b<fvd kr Sv#pfv#L@S K _cif; r_yKEd li fyg?
onfvd kE Si f h rmvmwifESi f h<k<karmfwd k h>tcef;a@S hod k h a7muf
vmjuonf?
rmvmwifutcef;wHcg;ud k toHr_rnf7avatmif owdxm;
um cyf_znf;_znf;zGi f hvd kufonf?
Þ toma_cazg heif;_yD;0ifaemf? r[kwf7if igwd k h7 J ha_coHawGud k
jum;oGm;vdrf hr<f ß
rmvmwifu _r<rif;>em;@Gufem;od k huyfum cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;
1 0 5
a_ymvd kufonf?
rmvmwif>ESmacgif;tzsm;onf _r<rif;>yg;ud ktzsm;cwfum
dxdrdonf? _r<rif;zde f;ueJ_zpfonf?
rde f;uav;ESpfa<mufonf wpfa<mufvufwpfa<mufud ki fum
tcef;xJod k htoma_cazg heif;I 0ifvmcJ hjuonf? rd k ;vif;ae_yD_zpfaomf
vnf ; tce f ;pn f ;x lx lr s m ;u d k t_ynf hc sumxm;avonf htwGu f
tcef;xJwGif tvif;a7mifodyftm;raumif;? cyf0g;0g;om@S donf?
_r<rif;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf 0d k ;w0g;tvif;a7mif
ud ktm;_yKum eH7HwHcg;>tufuG Jajumif;@S d7mae7mod k h ta7mufcsOf;uyf
vmEd li fcJ hjuonf?
bmudkr#xdrdwd kufrd_cif;r@S d? bmoHr#vnf;r_rnf?
e H7 HwHcg;tufuG Jajumif;ae7mod k hra7mufr Dr Smyif ud katmifxl;
>cyfjojotoHjuD;ud k jum;vd kufju7onf?
Þ cHwifay:rSmyufvuftdyf_yD; 'l;axmifaygifum;xm;vd kuf ß
1 0 6
_r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf cyf_ref_refyif eH7HwHcg;
tufuG Jajumif;ud krsufpdtyfum wpfbuftcef;xJod k hacsmif;junfhvd kuf
juonf?
tcef;pnf;tcs d K hud k tenf;i<f[cG Jxm;onfhtwGuf wpfbuf
tcef;xJwGifawmh tvif;a7mifaumif;pGm@S daeonf?
b<ftcs de fursm;cÈwfypfcJ honfrod? a':xm;7if>udk<fay:wGif
t0wftpm;r@ S dawm h ? vH k ;0ud kyvmusi f ;aeonf? a':xm;7i fonf
cHwifay:wGif0wfvpfpvpfyif yufvuftdyfum 'l;axmifaygifum;v#uf
om;@S daeonfud kawG h7onf?
ud k<fatmifxl;rSmvnf; udk<fvH k;wD;ESi f h? vD;tawmifom;ESif h?
_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f ud katmifxl;u q7mra':xm;7if>ud k<fay:
wufcG_yD; vd k;awmhrnf[kxifrdonf? rwfrwfjuD;awmifum vdk;7ef
toif h _zp faeonf h ud katmifxl;aygi fjum;rSvD;wefrnf;rnf;wkwfwkwf
juD;>ta_ctaeuvnf; _r<rif;ud k7ifzd karmaeaponf?
od k haomfud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7ifud krvd k ;ao;yg? a':xm;
7if>udk<fay:wufcG_cif;yifr_yK? a':xm;7if>nmbufab;em;wGifom
tomxdkifcsvd kufonf?
1 0 7
udkatmifxl;bmrsm;vkyfavrnfenf;[k _r<rif;ESif hrmvmwifwd k h
7ifwxdwfxdwfcke fv#uf junfh@ S Kaejuonf?
ud katmifxl;onfud k<fud kud ki f ;um a':xm;7if>nmbufEd k hoD;
u d ku ke f ;p d k honf? ol hvufjur f ; juD ;wp fbufuawmh a':xm;7i f>
rd k h0e f;tdxGm;avaomb<fbuf7ifom;qd ki fjuD;ud ktkyfud ki fum cyfwif;
wif;zspf!Spfonf?
Þ td k- -[if h- - ß
a':xm;7if>yg;pyfzsm;r Snnf;oHoJ hoJ hay:vm_yD ; aygi fvH k ;juD;
ESpfacsmif; aphvd kuf[vdkufESi f hvSKyf@ Sm;onf?
Þ a[mjunfh- -pkyfay;vd kufwmeJ hcifAsm;7J hE d k hoD;awGcÈefaumh
wufvmwmyJ? cifAsm;^Smxefae_yDr[kwfvm; ß
ud katmi fxl ;uEd k hp d k hay;ae7mr S tomacgi f ;arm h junf h _y D ;a _ym
w<f? [kwfyg7J h? olpd k hay;cJ hwJ ha':xm;7if7J hnmbufEd k hoD;[m t_ywf
ud kcÈe faumhplwufaewmyJ?
Þ [if h[if h- -ud katmifxl;7<f- -tJvd krs d K ;awGrar;ygeJ h@ Si f ß
1 0 8
a':xm;7ifrSm 7rufaZmEd k;juGp_yKae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; tod]m^f
aysmufum t@Sufuke favmufatmif t@l;trl;tqif hod k hra7mufao;
onfhtwGuf @Suf@G H hp Gmyifa_ymqd kwm;_rpfonf?
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -vky fraeyge J hA sm? rjumcifr Sm cifAsm;
yg;pyfu wpfwpfcGc Gpum;awGa_ymvm7awmhrSmyg- - ß
ud katmi fxl ;>pum;xJwGi f y d ki fp d k ;r S KE Si f h _c dr f ;a_cmufr S KawG
t_ynf hygaeonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? rdr dav;pm;csp fcif7aom
q7mr_zp fo lud k TuJ ho d k h< kwfrmnpfnr f ;p Gma_ymqd k _y Kr laeonfud k
junfh7if;| _r<rif;rSmajumufovdkvd k | cH_yif;ovdkvd k _zpfonfhjum;u
pdwfvnf;vSKyf@Sm;vm7onf?
ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>ab;em;wGi fxd ki fum Ed k hoD;ud k
ukef;p d k hae7mrS tomum;vsm;arSmuftdyfcsvd kufonf?
a':xm;7ifESif hab;csif;<SOfum tdyfcsvdkuf_cif;r[kwf? a_ymif;_yef
tdyfcsvd kuf_cif;yif_zpfonf? a':xm;7if>a_c7if;bufud kacgif;rlv#uf?
ud katmifxl;onf a':xm;7if>aygi fwef _zL_zLwkwfwkwfjuD;
ESp fc kud k yd kum;oGm;atmifwGef;onf? xd kaemuf apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;
1 0 9
ESpfckud k _yJtmxGufvmatmif vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hqG J _z Jonf? a':xm;
7ifrSm tawmfud ktae7cufaeonf? olrtae_zif h onfvd ktzkwfud k
7u f7ufa7ma7m _z Jxm;r S Kr s d K ; wp foufv H k ;wp fc gr #r ju H Kz l ; ao;y g ?
tawmfvnf;@Sufaeonf? rsufESmylaeonf?
xd kod k hud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>apmufz kwfjuD;ud k _y Jtm
oGm;atmif 7uf7ufa7ma7mqG J _z Jvd kufonfud kjunf h7i f ; _r<rif;>
7rufqENrsm;onf yd kr d kI'D~7D_rif hwufvmonf?
ud katmifxl;onf tzkwf_yJtmoGm;I aigufawmufjuD;ay:ae
avaomapmufaphud k nmvuf!S d K ;ESi f hvufrwd k h _zif h!Syfum udki fvd kuf
onf?
vH k ; juD ;aygufvSarm fv_r d Ki fola':xm;7i fonf wifxGm;onf h
t_yif | apmufzkwfjuD;v#uf apmufaph@ Snfonf? 7rufxefaecs de fr d k h
apmufaphu tpGrf;ukefaumhaxmifwufaeav7m vufoef;xdyftqpf
omomavmufud k @S daeonf?
ud katmi fxl ;onf aumhaxmi fwufaeavaomapmufap hud k
vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k h _zi f h!Sy fum tomyGwfwd kufay;onf? apmufap h
ta7_ym;vd kt7muGmv#uf twGi f ;r Sr D ; _cp fq Hac gi f ;omom e De D7 J7 J
1 1 0
tom;av;ay:vmatmif_yKonf?
xd kaemufapmufaphxdyfzsm;rS xd ke De D7 J7Jtom;pav;ud k @Smzsm;
_zif hxd k ;um7ufay;onf?
Þ tm;[if h[if h- -b<fvd kvky faewmvJ@ Si f h- -td ktd k- -
trav;av;- -tm;- -tm; ß
a':xm;7i f>acgi f ; b<fnm<rf ;c gaeonf? zi f juD ;vnf ;
aum humjuGumE Si f h ? vufoD ;qky fr sm ;u ar G h7mud kx k@ k du faeonf?
trs d K ;orD;juD; t7rf;ud kw^Smxefaeajumif; odomEd li fonf?
onft_zpfud kawG h _rifae7aom_r<rif;rSm touf@SL7efyifarhae
onf?
Þ b<fvd kvJ<rif ;? a':xm;7i f' gr s d K ; _zp faewmud k junf h _y D ;
eifvnf;zDvifawGwufae_yDr[kwfvm; ß
rmvmwif>wD;wd k;a_ymvd kufoHu _r<rif;ud kzswfueJvef hoGm;
aponf? od k haomf wpfbufcef;xJod k h acsmif;a_rmif;junfhaerSKud kawmh
ysufroGm;apyg? _r<rif;onfqufvufI pl;pd kufumjunfhaerdonf?
1 1 1
udkatmifxl;u apmufaphESi f htzkwfud k7ufay;aeoH wysyfysyf
jum;ae7onfhtjum;rSyif rmvmwif>toHuxyfIay:vm_yefonf?
Þ eifvnf; tJ'Dvd krs d K ;7ufay;wm rcHcsifbl;vm;- -[if- -ß
a_ym7if;uyif rmvmwif>vufrsm;onf _r<rif;>cs d Ki f;jum;
od k hwd k ;0ifvmum 7ifom;rsm;ud kqkyfe<fyGwfud ki fonf?
rdrd>7ifom;rsm;ud k t_cm;rde f;uav;wpfa<mufu qkyfud ki f
aeajumi f ;o daom fvnf; rmvmwifapmapmuar;vd ku fonf har;c Ge f ;
ajumif h onft_yKtrlud kuef huGuf_iif;qef7efyif owdr7Ed li fawmh?
u d katmi fx l ;u wqif hwufum tqef ;x Gi fvm_ye fonf?
apmufaphud k7ufay;| pky fay;| tzkwfud k7ufay;vkyfae7mrS a':xm;
7i f> plwlwlptd k0av;ud k vuf!S d K ;E Si f hrxdwxdukwf _cp fay;onf?
yGwfay;onf?
zi f0ud konfvd ky Gwfay;| ukwf_cp fay;vd kufwd ki f ; a':xm;7i f
qwfueJwGe f hwGe f hoGm;onfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf? _r<rif;ud k<f
wd ki fr Smvnf; 7ifxJwGif' de f ;ueJ'de f;ueJcke foGm;rdonf?
1 1 2
_r<rif;>aoG;om;awG t7rf;ud kqly GufvSKy f@ Sm;vd k haeygonf?
tzkwfxJuvnf; pd kvd k h@ $ Jvd k h?
<ckqd kv#i f rmvmwifonf _r<rif ;0wfxm;aom@Sy ftuô s
qefqef bavmufpftuôs>7ifbwfus<foD;tm;vH k;ud k _zKwfypfvd kuf
_yD;_yD? xd k h _yif twGif;cHb7mpD<m>7ifbH katmufod k hyif vufud kxd k ;oGif;
v#uf@S donf? 7ifbH katmufvufv#d Kum Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud kprf;aeonf?
rmvmwifu _r<rif ;ud k aemufr Sod ki f ;zufxm;onf_zp f7m
rmvmwi f>7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;u _r<ri f ;>ausm _yi fu d k tdue Jyi f
xdrdaeonf? zdrdaeonf?
Þ ud ki f;- -cifAsm;ud kzifcsr<f? av;bufukef;vd kufprf; ß
ud katmifxl;>a_ymjum;vd kufoHu rdef;uav;ESpfa<mufvH k;ud k
touf@SLrSm;oGm;aponf?
Þ td k- -tJ'gawmh rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -rvkyfygeJ h ß
a':xm;7if>tvef hwjum;awmif;yefvd kufoHud kvnf; _r<rif;
wd k h jum;7onf? a':xm;7ifrnfr#awmif;yefonf_zpfap| ud katmifxl;
1 1 3
uawmh zifcsr Sm_zp fajumif ;ud k olwd k hE Sp fa<mufaumif ;aumif ;juD;
odaejuonf?
xd ktodonf _r<rif;>ptd k0uav;ud kyif <m;usdus d _zpfvm
aponf?
Þ uJyg- -av;bufaxmufrSmomaxmufprf;yg ß
ud k atmi fx l ;u yufvufvSe fv #u f@ S d aeaoma':xm;7i fu d k
qG Jxl7if;a_ymonf?
Þ tJvd krs d K ;awmhrvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -csrf;omay;yg? uÈefrwpfcgrS
tvkyfrcHbl;vd k hyg udkatmifxl;7<f ß
a':xm;7ifu wwGwfwGwfa_ymqd kawmif;yef@Smonf?
ti f ;- -w7m;usp7mawm htaumi f ;om; ? a':xm;7i f[m
yg;pyfuom_iif;qefawmif;yefaewm? vluawmhud katmifxl;vd kcsi fwJ h
taetxm;twdki f; av;bufukef;ay;xm;vd kuf7_yD?
Þ ud k<ftay:yd ki f ;ud k arG h7meJ hxdE d li foavmufxd_y D ; zifjuD;
1 1 4
udkawmh axmifEd li for#axmifay;xm;av ß
av;bufaxmufukef;ay;xm;wmud kawmif tm;r7Ed li fao;[ef
e J h ud katmifxl;uxyfa_ymw<f? a':xm;7if[mvnf; ud katmifxl;
a_ymovdkyJ vd kufvkyfay;7@Smw<f?
olwd k hq7mr| zifvd k ;c H7zd k h | zify l ;awmif;axmif _y D ;uke f ;ay;ae
7wmudkjunfhae_rifae7wJh aumifrav;ESpfa<muf[mvnf; b<fvd k
awG_zpfaerSe f ;rodawmhatmif t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;wufjuGvd k hvm;ju
w<f? b<fhES<f olwd k huaoG;om;ql_zd K;p q<fausmfouft@G<fav;
awG? 'Davmuf7ufa7myufpufwJ h _rifuGif;rs d K ; _rif7awmh b<frSm7ruf
aZmrxefyJ aeyg hrvJ?
Þ zif_zJay;prf; ß
ud katmifxl;u toHrmrmeJ h cd ki f ;ap_yefw<f?
Þ rvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -uÈefrud kzi fawmhrcsyge J h ? uÈefrajumuf
w<f? 'gawmhcsrf;omay;ygud katmifxl;7<f ß
zifyl;awmif;axmifay;xm;7wJha':xm;7ifu awmif;yeftoem;
1 1 5
c Hw<f? a':xm;7i f[m zi fc H7r Smu d kwu<fy Jajumufaey gw<f?
ud katmifxl;vD;juD;7 J h'^f b<favmuf_yif ;w<fqd kwm a':xm;7if
odae_yDav? tzkwfxJxnfh_y D;vd k ;c J hwke f;uawmif tawmfud kc Hc J h7wm
r[kwfvm;? zifcscH7r<fqd k7ifawmh?
Þ w<fpum;rsm;wmudk;? zif_z Jqd k _z Jwmr[kwfbl; ß
a_yma_ymqd kqd kud katmifxl;[m vuf0g;jurf;juD;e J h a':xm;
7if7 J hzi fjuD;ud kzse f ;ueJ_rnfatmif@ k dufcsvd kufw<f? _znf;_znf;omom
@k dufomr[kwfbl;aem f? wtm;@ k dufcsvd kufwm? zse f ;ueJ _rnfoGm;wJ h
toHu awmfawmf hud kus<fwm? _yD;awmh _zLEkaewJhzifom;juD;ay:rSm
vuf0g;7mjuD;txif;om;ay:oGm;wmyJ?
7ufa7m7ufpufvd kufwm? _r<rif;_zif h ud k<fwd ki fyift@k dufcH
vd kuf7ovm;vd k hawmif xifrd7wJ htxd?
a':xm;7ifquf_y D ;r_ii f ;E d li fawmhbl;? wke fwke f7i f7i fajumuf
ajumufvef hvef he J hy J vufuav;ESp fbufud kaemufypf_y D ; zifom;juD;
ESpf_crf;ud k _z Jay;vd kuf7@Smw<f?
tif;? zifom;juD;ESpfckud k _z Jay;vd kuf7w<fqdk7ifyJ ptd k0av;
1 1 6
[m_yJtmxGufvmawmhwmayg h? a':xm;7if[m _r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junfh
aewJ hbufud k zifay;_yD;uke f ;ae7wmqd kawmh zif_z Jvd kufvd k hptd k0av;
[_yJav;_zpfoGm;wmudk _r<rif;wd k haoaocsmcsmud k _rifvd kuf7wmayg h?
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if7 J hapmufzkwfxJuapmuf7nfawGud k
vuf!S d K;e J huavmf<l_yD; ptd k0rSmokwfvdrf;w<f? 'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ?
zi f0ud kvuf!S d K ;x dy fav;e J h tomav;xd k ;y Gw fay;w<f? _y D ;awm h
tomav;zdzdxd k ;aewmudk _r<rif;wd k h7ifwzd kz d ke J hjunfhaerdjuw<f?
Þ ei f hzi fay gufud k p d k@ $ Jvmatmi ft7i fuvday;r<f? _y D ;r S
ig hvD;juD;ud k eif hzifxJxd k;xnfh_yD; aumif;aumif;zifaqmfr<f ß
zif0ud kvuf!S d K ;e J hy Gwfay;7if; ud katmifxl;u zifvd k ;r<f htpD
tpOfud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ymaew<f? wd k ;wd k ;qd kayr<f h _r<rif;wd k h
aumi f ;aumi f ; jum;r dy g7 J h ? wu<fzi fv d k ; c H7r<f h a' :xm;7i fawm h
b<fvd kaer<frodbl;? jum;7wJ h _r<rif;r Smawmh ausm@k d ;xJp dr f hcsr f ;
ajumufvef hoGm;ovd k apmufzkwfxJupd kxGuf_y D ; 7rufaZmawGjuG@G
vm7w<f?
ajumufvef hp dwfeJ humr7rufpdwf w_ydKi feufwnf;_zpfay:cHpm;
vm7w<fvd k hqd kr Smayg h?
1 1 7
rmvmwifu _r<rif;7 J ht0wftpm;awGud k qG JcÈwfypfw<f?
_r<ri f ;r@ ke f ;ue fr dy gb l ; ? ruef hu Gufr dy gb l ; ? ' g[mroif havsm fw J h
t_yKtrlrSe f;odayr<fh onftwdki f;_i dr fc Haerdw<f?
_r<rif;0wfxm;wJ htuôs| b7mpD<meJ hxrDawGtukefuÈwfuGm
juukef_y D? twGif;c HyifwDabmif;bDwd ke H he H hav;wpfxnfyJusefawmhwm?
' Dyi fwDabmif;bDuav;uvnf; wu<fhud kao;ao;uav;? tzkwf
ud kawmiftEd li fE d li fz H k ;r dwm? zifjuD;uawmh ay:wifjuD;yJ?
ud katmifxl;[m a':xm;7if7J hzif0ud k vuf!S d K;xdyfe J htomav;
yGwfay;ae7mu vuf!S d k ;ud kzifaygufxJ qwfueJzdxd k ;xnfhvd kufw<f?
bma_ymaumif;rvJ? vuf!S d K ;[m ptd k0ud kxd k ;azguf_yD; zifaygufxJ
0ifoGm;awmhwmygy J?
Þ td k- -udkatmifxl;7<f- -b<fvd kvkyfwmvJ@Sif h tm; ß
a':xm;7i fy g ;py fu atm fo HxGufvm_y D ; zi f ju D ;[mvnf;
<rf;cgaumhaxmifoGm;w<f? tif;- -zifaygufxJ0ifvmwJhvufacsmif;
uÈwfxGufoGm;atmif cgxkwfwmvm;? yd k0i fvmatmifaumhwifay;
wmvm;qd kwmud kawmh _r<rif;wd k hrodyg? a':xm;7ifud k<fwd ki fvnf;
odrnfr[kwfyg?
1 1 8
rmvmwif[m _r<rif;em;u tomcGmoGm;w<f? _r<rif;
em;xJrSm t0wfcÈwfoHawGvd kvd kjum;7_yD; rmvmwifol hem;_yefwd k ;uyf
vmwmudkod7w<f? rmvmwif>tumtuG<fuif;rJ haeonfhEd k htH krsm;u
_r<rif;>bvmusif;aeaomausm_yifud k tdueJxdrdonf? rmvmwif
wpfa<muf udk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfaeajumif; _r<rif;odvd kuf7onf?
rmvmwif>vufESpfbufonf _r<rif;>cs d Ki f ;jum;od k h wd k;0if
vmonf? bmajumif hr Se f ;rod? _r<rif;onf vufarmif;ESp fbufud k
cyf[[vkyfay;rdonf? rmvmwifonf _r<rif;>ql_zd K;p7ifom;av;
ESp fc kud k vufESp fbuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum tome<fay;onf? _r<rif;
wpfud k<fvH k; juufoD;av;rsm;xoGm;onf?
b<fvd k _zpfwmvJ? rmvmwif[mrde f;uav;wpfa<mufyJav?
t_cm;r de f ;uav;wpfa<muf7J hud ki fwG<fr S K[m bmajumif hrsm;onfvd k
juufoD;xavmufatmif t7omawG@S dap7wmvJ? r[kwfao;ygbl;?
r[kwfao;ygbl;?
_r<rif;>7ifxJwGif @SKyfaxG;pGmpOf;pm;rdonf? rdrdrSm vdifwlcsif;
om<mpdwfay:wwfonfhtrs d K ;orD;rsm;_zpfae_yDvm;[kvnf; xdwfvef h
p GmawG;rdonf?
1 1 9
odk haomfrmvmwifu 7ifom;rsm;ud kz Gz Gav;ud ki fum @G@ Gav;
qkyfe<fay;ae7m wc^twGif;rSmyif _r<rif;>pdwf@S Ky faxG;rS Krsm;ESi f h
xdwfvef hz G<ftawG;rsm; aysmuf_y<foGm;avawmhonf?
@S de f ; _raEG;axG;aomtxdtawG hud k _r<rif;<pfr l ;p Gmyif cHpm;
wwfoGm;_y D?
wpfbufcef;wGi fr l ud katmifxl;onf aemufxyfvufcv<f
ud kyg vuf!S d K ;E Si f hy l ;I a':xm;7if>zifaygufxJxd k ;xnf hvd kufonf?
a':xm;7if>yg;pyfrS [if hueJomtoHwpfcsuf_rnfonf? udkatmifxl;
onfvufESpfacsmif;yl;ud k zifxJxd k;oGif;_yefxkwfvkyfay;onf? a':xm;
7if>zifjuD; wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfvmonfud k _r<rif;wd k h _rifju7onf?
bmyJa_yma_ym a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf 7rufaZmawGxefvm
aewmuawmh odyfud kxif@Sm;aeonf? udkatmifxl;tvdkus zifvd k ;c H
7rSmuvnf; odyfud kaocsmae_yD?
rmvmwifrSmvnf; _r<rif;ud kud k<fwG<fyGwfoyf7if; wpfbuf
cef;od k hvnf;acsmif;junfhae7m olr>udk<fonf ukef;uke f;uGuG_zpfI
aeonf? rmvmwif>cÈefaumhaeaomEd k hoD;acgif;rsm;onf _r<rif;>
eHapmif;ud k vmxdrdonf? onftxdtawGhud k _r<rif;oabmusygonf?
1 2 0
odk haomf xd kok d hxdawG hr donfrSm t_cm;rde f ;uav;wpfa<muf>ud k<f
cE Wm _zp faeonfqd konf htoduawmh _r<rif ;ud kp dwftaESmi f ht<Suf
_zpfaponf?
a@ S ho d k h cy fu d ki f ;u d ki f ;E Si f h ac smi f ; junf haeaom_r<ri f ;>aemuf
buf@ S dtwGi f ;c Hyi fwDabmif ;bDar#m h jud k ;tjum;od k h rmvmwif>vuf
wpfbufu wd k ;0i fvmonf? _r<rif;qwfueJwke fonf? od k haomf
@ ke f ;ue fxGuf _ci f ;r _y K? onftwd ki f ;yi f _i dr fc Haeonf? rmvmwif>
vufacsmi f ;r sm;u twGi f ;c Hyi fwDav;jum;xJ0i fa7mufvmjuonf?
aemufawm h zi f jum;x Ja7mufvmonf? _r<ri f ;>ptd k0av;ud k
zdumyGwfvmonf?
_r<rif;b<fvdkrSuef huGufa_ymqdk_cif;r_yKEd lifrDrSmyif vufacsmif;
rsm;onfyd kr d kwd k ;0ifum tzkwf@S d7mod k ha7mufvmonf?
Þ eif htzkwfu pd k@ $ J _y D ;azmif;aeygvm;<rif;7J h? t_ywfzDvif
wufaewmudk; ß
rmvmwifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym_yefonf? xdkod k ha_ym7if;rmvmwif
>vufrsm;u apmufaphud kxdvmonf? xd@k Homr[kwf? tomav;
qdwfIyifqG Jvd kufao;onf?
1 2 1
_r<rif;rSm wkef7Darm[k dufoGm;7onf? yg;pyfrSatmfoHcyfus<f
us<frxGufoGm;7avatmif E S Kwfcr f ;ud kud kufIrenf;juD ;xde f ;vd kuf
7onf?
Þ udki f;- -rxm;a7- -zifvd k ;ju7atmif? usKyfyufvufvSef
tdyfay;r<f? cifAsm;u usKyfbufud kausmay;_yD; zifxJvD;0ifatmif
ud k<f hbmomud k<fz dc say; [kwfvm;- - tpuawmh ci fA sm;ud k
uke f ;c d ki f ; _y D ; zifaxmifvd k ;rvd k hy J? 'Dvd kvky f7i f cifAsm;ody femrSmp d k ;7
w<f? 'gajumif hcifAsm;ud ktay:uae_yD;vkyfcd ki f;wm ß
wu<fawmh udkatmifxl;u tuGufoufoufxGif_cif;yg?
wpfbufcef;rSaumifrav;rsm; acsmif;junhfaumif;acsmif;junfh
aeE d l i fonf[k ud katmi fx l ;w Gu fxm;onf? tu<fInuvd kr sm ;
ac smi f ; junh faec J hv #i f a':xm;7i f>zi fay gu fx Jv D ;we f ju D ;w d k ;0i f
onfud k aoaocsmcsmawG h _ri f7avatmif <ckvd kr s d K ;tvky fc d ki f ; _ci f ;
_zpfonf?
xd kod k ha _ym7i f ;uk datmi fxl ;onf a':xm;7i f>zifaygufxJod k h
1 2 2
ESpfacsmif;_yL;xd k ;xnfhxm;aom vuf!S d K ;ESi f hvufcv<fwk d hud k qwfueJ
qG Jxkwfvd kufonf?
x d k aemu far G h 7may:yu fvufpi f ; pi f ; ju D ;v S Jt dy fv d ku fonf ?
ol> 12vufrausmf@Snfum bdvyf7nfykvif;bl;cGe favmufwkwfaom
vD;wefjuD;u ypfcGi f;awmhrnf haqwef'H k ;ys HjuD;vd k xd k;xd k ;axmifaxmif
juD;_zpfaeonf?
tnmom;vD; _zp faomajumif h rnf;eufaeonf? t7nf_ym;
vefaeaomxdyfyd ki f ;uawmh eD7Jv#uf?
_r<rif;c_rm rmvmwif>tukdi ftwG<f| tyGwftoyfwd k hud k
7ifzk darmaeatmifcH<l7if; a':xm;7ifbmrsm;vkyfrnfenf;[k 7ifwvSyf
vSyfESif hapmif hjunfhaeonf?
a':xm;7ifonf zifyl;awmif;axmifv#ufom;@S dae7mrS tom
xonf? _yD ;awmhud katmifxl;>rsufE Smbufausm_yKum tomwuf
cGxd ki fonf?
<cktaetxm;wGif a':xm;7ifonf ud katmifxl;bufausm
ay;um _r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junhfae7mqDod k hrsufESmrlum udkatmifxl;>
1 2 3
aygi f7if ;c GqH k@ S d rwfawmifaeavaomvD;wefjuD;tay:wnf hwnf hwGi f
aqmif hajumif hruswustaetxm;_zif hc Gxd ki fae_cif;_zpfonf?
a':xm;7if>rsufESmay:wGifajumufvef hr S KE Si f htwl 7rufcd k ;awG
t_ynf h< Su foe f ;aeonf? 7rufaZm _zi f h r su fawmi fr sm ;ar S ;pi f ;um
rsufvH k;awGuawmh ta7mifvufvufawmufa_ymifaeonf?
_zLazG;aomtom;a7mifuawmh @Suf@ G H hp dwf_zif hye f ;E ka7mifoef;
aeonf? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf;qwfqwfwkef7ifaeonf?
a':xm;7ifonfrwfawmifaeaomvD;wefjuD;ud k nmvuf_zif h
ud ki fumxdef;v#uf rdrd>ptd k0wGiftomawhuyfvd kufonf?
xd ktcs de fwGi fud katmifxl;>vufESp fbufonf qef hwef ;xGuf
vmum a':xm;7if>cs d Ki f ;atmufrSv# d Kv#uf Ed k htH krsm;ud kvSrf;ud ki fvm
onf?
E d k ht H kom;atmufy d ki f ;ud kuse fvufacsmi f ;r sm ; _zi f hqky fud ki fv#uf
vufrrsm;uawmh Ed k hoDacgif;rsm;ay:yGwfwd kufay;aeonf?
Þ uJ- -cifAsm;7J hzifjuD;ud k tomzdcsvd kufawmhav ß
1 2 4
udkatmifxl;uTodk ha_ym_yD; a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;rsm;ud ktomav;
vdr fumqdwfqG Jvd kufonf? emusi fovd kvd kE Si f h@ S de f ; _raomt7omud k
c Hpm;7onfhtwGuf a':xm;7ifjuufoD;uav;rsm;xoGm;onf?
a' :xm ;7i f>p dw fx J r S m awm h t7r f ;u d kv S K y f @ S m ; aeon f ?
juD;rm;wkwfc d ki fvSaomvD;acsmif ;juD;ud k zifaygufxJ_rKy f0ifvmatmif
rdr d>wifyg;juD;tm;zdcsoGyfoGif;7rnfhtvkyfud k ajumufvnf;ajumuf
onf? wpfcs de fwnf;rSmyif vkyfvnf;vkyfjunhfcsifonf?
a':xm;7i fr Sm zifvd k ;c H7onf htajumif ;r sm;ud k wpfp Ge f ;wp
jum;odxm;c J haomfvnf; ud k<fwd ki fud k<fuswpfcgr Szi fvd k ;rc Hc J hbl ;yg?
zifvd k;c H7efrqd kxm;bd? zifaygufud kukwf_cpfuvday;_cif;? vufacsmif;
_zif hxd k ;xnfh_cif;rs d K ;yif rcHzl;cJ hay?
ud katmifxl;u Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfay;rS Kajumif h
vnf; 7rufaZmawGyd kxefaeonf_zpf7m a':xm;7ifonfajumufajumuf
ESi f hyif wifyg;juD;ud katmufod k htomzdcsvd kufonf? xd kod k hz dcs7mwGif
zifjuD;ud ka0hum0d kufum0ef;umvSKyf<rf;_yD;rS tomt<mzdcsvd kuf_cif;
_zpfonf?
wifyg ;qH k juD ;atmufod k he dr f husvmonfE Si f h zi f0wGi fususee
1 2 5
awhaxmufxm;_yD; _zpfaomvD;acsmif;juD;onf zifaygufxJod k htomyif
wd k ;0ifoGm;onf? Todk hzifxJvD;0ifoGm;onfud kjunfh7if; _r<rif;>
tzkwfxJut7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud kp d kvmonf? aoG;qlum7rufyd kx
vmonf?
zi f0wGi fapmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d k@ $ Jaeatmi fokwfvdr f ;xm;onf h
t_yif ud katmifxl;uvnf;vufacsmif;ESp facsmif;yl;xd k ;xnfhumay;xm;
aomajumif h vD;0ifvrf;utawmfud ka_zmif honf? vD;xdyfyd ki f ;'pf_yJjuD;
ptd k0usOf;usOf;av;ud kxd k ;azgufum zifacgif;aygufxJwd k;0ifonf?
v D ;t0i fa _zmi f h aom fvnf ; c H7c su fuawm hroufomvSy g ?
atmif hIemvSonf? zif0rSmvnf;usde f;IoGm;onf? xdkajumif ha':xm;
7ifonf rsufESmav;@S H K hr J hum wuÈwfuÈwfpkyfoyfumnnf;vd kufrdonf?
wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kvnf; atmufod k hz drcsawmhyJ acwW7yfwef hvd kufonf?
qufIzdcs _y D ;zi fxJvD;y k d0i fvmygu emjuifr S Ka0'emyd kI_yif ; _yrnf_zpf
aomajumif h acwWem;ae_yD;rSw_znf;_znf;csif;qufzdcsay;7ef a':xm;
7ifu pdwful;xm;onf?
zi fxJvD ;0i fvmonfr Sm emjuifvSaomfvnf; xl; _cm;aom
umrt7omuvnf; 'Ge fwG JIyg0ifvmaeonfud k a':xm;7ifodonf?
xd k h _yi fud katmifxl;>tvk dqENud kvnf;_iif ;y<fEl di fonf hp Gr f ;tm;r@S daom
1 2 6
ajumif h zifxJvD;tqHk;0ifatmifzdcsay;7rnfud k em;vnfonf?
ud katmifxl;rSmrl usOf;juyfvSaomzifaygufav;xJod k h ol hvD;
wefwkwfwkwfjuD;> xdyfzsm;'pf_y JjuD;wd k ;0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf 7ifzd karm
z G< f7mtwd _y D ;aom umrt7omud kt_ywfc Hpm ;v d ku f7onf _zp f7m
tcs de fjumjumapmif hraeEd li fawmh?
E d k ho D ; r s m ;u d k y Gw f ac suv daeaomvufu d k atmu fo d k h a@ $ hum
a':xm;7if>wifyg;qH ktay:yd ki f ;ud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fum atmufod k h
q G J< lc sonf? w_y d Ki feufwnf ;r Smyi f ol>zi fa _ymi f ju D ;u d kvnf ;
aumhxd k;wifvd kufonf?
enf;enf;awmh7ufpuf7musoGm;onf?
ud katmifxl;>cyfjurf;jurf;_yKrlvd kufrS Kajumif h vD;acsmif;juD;
wpfacsmif;vH k ;enf;yg;yif zifaygufxJwd k ;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?
Þ trav;av;- -aoyg_yD- -tm; ß
emjuifvGe f ;vSaomajumif h a':xm;7ifonfatmf[pfnnf;!l
r donf? emjuifr S Koufomvd koufom_im;_zif h wifyg;qH kjuD;ud ktay:
1 2 7
odk h _yefjuGwifvd kufonf? vD;uw0ufausmfausmf_yefxGufoGm;onf?
Þ t7rf;xd k ;rxnfhyge J hud katmifxl;7<f? @Sif hvD;juD;uodyfjuD;
wm- -emw<f@Si f h emw<f uÈwfuÈwf ß
a':xm;7ifunnf;!l7if; awmif;yef@Smonf?
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if>wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kcyfwif;wif;ud ki f
xm;onfhvufrsm;ud k ae7ma_ymif;vd kuf_yefonf?
nmvufu a':xm;7i f>E d k ho D ;r sm ;u d kz sp f! Sp fuvdqG Jonf?
b<fvufuawmh a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfud kE S d Kufonf? vuf!S d K ;ud k
apmufacgi f ;xJxd k ;ar $ay;um vufruawmh apmufaphud kuavmfay;
onf?
Ed k hoD;| apmufaphESif hapmufacgif;wd k hud k w_ydKifwnf;cyfjurf;jurf;
uvday;vd kufI a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf @S de f ; _r_rE Si f hwke fwcd kufc d kuf
_zpfoGm;c d kuf zifa_ymifjuD;ud kqG Jwifum vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud ktrs d K ;orD;
juD;zifaygufxJaqmif hum xdk;aumhoGif;vd kufonf?
Þ yvGyfbk- -bGyf ß
1 2 8
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -udkatmifxl;7J h [if h ß
a':xm;7if>nnf;oHoJ hoJ hay:xGufvm_yefonf?
xd knnf;oHr Sm apmapmuESi f hrwlawmhy J ta_ctaewpfrs d K ;
a_ymif;oGm;onfud k _r<rif;owdxm;rdonf?
apmapmutoHu emjuifvGef;vSInnf;vd kufoH? <cktoHu
emjui fr S KE S i f htwl xl ; _cm ;aomt7ompnf ;p dr fc Hpm ;7aomajumi f h
ay:xGufvmonfhtoH?
rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;r Sm _r<rif;>apmufzkwfxJ xdk;oGif;_yef
xkwfESi f h aumif;aumif;juD;vSKyf@ Sm;Iaeonf? tzkwfxJrS<d kp dr f hxGuf
usaeaomapmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jc È Jr sm;ajumi f h rmvmwif>vufacsmi f ;
toGi f ;txkwftvGe facsmarG hum a@SmueJa@SmueJ_zpfonf? _r<rif;
tzk d h tawGhtm@k Hud k b<fvd kr SrcHEd li f? rxdef;odrf;Ed li f?
rdr d Ø_yD;× awmhrSmygvm;[k _r<rif;odonf? [if h- -b<fvd k
vJuG<f? 7ifxJzd kvd kufwm? rmvmwifuom onfvd krs d K ;jumjumav;
qufvkyf7if _r<rif;tzd k h Ø_yD;× oGm;7awmhrSmyg?
1 2 9
_r<rif ;vnf; rsufvH k ;av;apmi f ;i J hum rmvmwifbufod k h
junf honf? rmvmwifonf nmvuf_zi f h _r<rif ;>tzkwfE S d Kufum
xd k ;uvdae7i f ; b<fvufuawm h olr>aygi f jum;ud kE S d Ku fv#uf
@S donf?
_r<ri f ;>rsufvH k ;tjunf hu rmvmwif hay gi f jum;od k htxd
a7mufoGm ;onf? rmvmwif>aygi fc G jum;wGi f tar $ ;E kE kav;r sm ;
aygufp_yKae_y D _zp faomtzkwfr Sm azgi f ;juGumt7nfawGp d kaeonfud k
_ri f7onf? rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;onf t7nfjunfawGp d k@ $ Jaeaom
apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h 0ifoGm;vd kuf_yefxGufvmvdkufESi f h _zpfaeonf?
_r<rif;onf tjunfhud k _yefv$ Jum wpfbufcef;xJod k hqufI
acsmif;junhfvd kuf_yefonf?
wpfbufcef;xJwGifawmh a':xm;7ifwpfa<mufrSm zifvk d ;c H7
wmudk t_ywfud kc d kufum| zDvifawGt7rf;wufIaeav_yD- -?
1 3 0
a':xm;7if[m aumif;aumif;juD;zifZdr fc HwwfoGm;_yD? zifvd k ;
c H7wJ ht7om[m tzkwftvd k ;c H7wmeJ hrwlyJ odyfud kxl;uJaumif;r Ge f
wmud kvnf; odoGm;_yD?
tckqd k7i f ud katmifxl;taeeJ h atmufuae_y D ;zi fa_ymifjuD;
juGvd k haumhxd k ;wifay;p7mawmifrvd kawmhbl;? a':xm;7ifud k<fwd ki fu
tay:uae_yD; wifyg;juD;ud kjuGwifvd kuf| Ed Sr f hcsvd kufeJ hvkyfay;aewm?
vD;juD;uawmh zifaygufxJwd k;0ifoGm;vk duf| _yefxGufvmvdkufayg h?
ud katmifxl;u olhvufESpfbufud kyJ aumif;aumif;tvkyfay;
aewm? a':xm;7if7J hE d k hoD;acgif;awG7<f| apmufapheJ hapmufzkwf7<fud k
t_ywfud ki fwG<fuvday;aeav7J h?
wu<fawmhtcktaetxm;u ud katmifxl;7 J hp dwfjudKuftae
txm;r[kwfbl;? wpfbufce f ;r Smaumifrav;awGacsmi f ;junf hae7if
_ri fu Gi f ; aumi f ; _y D ; zi fx Jv D ;0i fwmxGu fwma7m | ^Smju Gaew J h
apmufz kwfjuD;y Gus<fus<f_zp faewmud ky g txif;om;t@Si f ;om;_ri f
Ed li fapzd k hom 7nf@G<f_yD;vkyfaewm?
ud katmi fxl ;u rde f ;rud kzi fvd k ;7i f ' l ;wkwfzi faxmi fc d ki f ; _y D ;
7u f7u fa7ma7maqmi f hv d k ;7r S ausey fwm? tc kv d k atmufuae
1 3 1
Ed k hoD;yGwf| tzkwfES d Kuf| apmufaphacsvkyfae7wmudk tm;r7zl;?
' ga jumi f htaetxm;u d k a _ymi f ; _y D ; p dw fw d k i f ;u szi faqm fz d k h
qH k ; _zwfvd kuf_y D?
Þ rxm;- - ß
Þ @Sif- - ß
Þ zifvd k ;wm ZdrfawG hae_yDr[kwfvm; ß
Þ tif;- - ß
Þ 'gqd k ' l ;wkwf _y D ;zi faxmifay;vd kuf? ' Dxufy d k _y D ;Z dr fawG h
atmif zifaqmfay;r<f ß
zifvd k ;c H7wmaumif;r Se f ;odaewJ ha':xm;7if[m ESp fcga_ymp7m
rvdkawmhygbl;? udkatmifxl;pum;qH k;w<fqd k7ifyJ wifyg;juD;ud ktom
ju Gwi f _y D ; zi fx JuvD ; ju D ; _y Kw fx Gu fo G m ;atmi fv ky fv d ku fw<f ?
wuwJAsm? zifaygufxJuvD;wefjuD;uÈwfxGufoGm;wJ htcg ØyvGy f
bkbGy f × qd kwJ htoHu cyfus<fus<fjuD;ud k _rnfoGm;wmyJ? jum;
1 3 2
vdkuf7wJh _r<rif;e J hrmvmwifwd k hawmh 7ifawGyef;awGawmifwkefvd k h?
o lwd k hq7mr ar G h7may:r Smususee' l ;wkwf _y D ; ziy l ;awmi f ;
axmifvd kufwmudk aumifrav;ESpfa<mufu rsufawmifrcwfwrf;ud k
pl;pd kufjunfhaejuw<f?
ud katmifxl;uvnf; tcs de fqd ki f;raeygbl;? olhud k<fwk di fvnf;
vH k;juD;aygufvSarmfv_rdKi foljuD;ud k y<fy<fe<fe<fzifaqmfypfcsifae
wmr[kwfvm;?
zifaxmifay;vd kufw<fqd k7ifyJ ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7if7J h
zi fjuD;aemufr Sm 'l ;axmuf_y D ;ae7m<lw<f? zifom;_zL_zLtdtdjuD;
E Sp f _cr f ;ud k vufESp fbufe J htomqG J _z J _y D ; _y JtmxGufoGm;wJ hptd k0r Sm
vD;ud kawhw<f? awh_yD;wmeJ hcg;ud ktomaumh_yD; vD;juD;ud k _znf;_znf;
csi f;z dxd k ;oGif;w<f?
td k- -bma_ymaumif;rvJ? vrf;ajumif;yGi f hae_yD_zpfwJ hzifacgif;
aygufxJudk vD;wefjuD;wtdtdeJ hw7pfcsif;wpfwpf_yD; _rKyf0ifoGm;wmaygh?
a':xm;7i f[m wuÈwfuÈwfp kwfoyfnnf;7i f ; zi f juD ;ud k
aumhwufvmwmyJ? nnf;omnnf;w<f? toGif;7yfz d k h | _yefxkwfzd k h
1 3 3
ud kawmh wpfc Ge f ;ra_ymbl;? zifxJvD;oGi f ;pr Sm tonf;c d kufatmif
emayr<f h vD;tqH k ;0i f _y D ;oGi f ;xkwfvS Ky f@ Sm;w<fqd kwmeJ h emjuifr S K
_yGe f;wJ humrt7omxl;ud k cHpm;7r<fqd kwm a':xm;7ifodw<fav?
_zpfEd li frnfqd k7if pkwfoyf_yD;awmifrnnf;csifygbl;? 'gayr<fh
0ifvmwJhvD;'^fajumif h emjuif_yD;atmif hwJ ha0'emu _yif;_yvGef;wm
ajumif h rcsKyfwnf;Ed li fy J atmf[pfnnf;!lrdwmyg?
ud katmifxl;u wifyg;qH ktdtdjuD;ud k vufeJ htm;7yg;7qG Jud ki f
_y D ;wtdt dx d k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fwm aemufqH k ;r S m 12vufrausm f@ Sn f _y D ;
bD<moHbl;cG Havmufud ktvHk;wkwfwJhvD;wefrnf;rnf;wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;
juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ; a':xm;7if7 J h _zLE kaewJ hptd kxJtuke f0i foGm;ygawmh
w<f?
Þ vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD rxm; ß
zifaygufxJtukef0ifoGm;_yD_zpfwJ hvD;ud ktompdrfxm;_yD; t7om
cH7if;ud katmifxl;ua_ymw<f? zify l ;awmif;axmifay;xm;7vd k hum;td
wif;7i f ;aewJ hwifyg;qH k juD;ud kvnf; vufz0g;e J htomyGwfjunf hvd kuf
ao;w<f?
1 3 4
Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -zifxJrSm_ynf hodyfaewmyJ ß
a':xm;7i fuvnf;^SmoHt_ynf he J h wke fwcd kufc d kuf _ye fta_z
ay;w<f?
Þ aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf- - ß
Þ udkatmifxl;oabmygyJ- - ß
'Dawmhud katmifxl;u vD;ud kw0ufomomavmufqG Jxkwfvd kuf|
tm;xnfh _y D ;qwfueJaqmif hoGi f ;vd kufe J h _znf;_znf;r Se fr Se fwpfcsufcsi f ;
aqmif hvd k;w<f?
aqmi f hc sv d ku fw d k i f ;a':xm;7i f[m ti f hue J[i f hue J _zp f _y D ;
zifjuD;awG<rf;cgoGm;w<f? av;ig;q<fcsufavmufvnf;aqmif h_yD;a7m|
onfvd kwp fc sufc si f ; _znf ; _znf ;r Se fr Se faqmi f hay;wmud ky J a':xm;7i f
tm;r7Ed li fatmif_zpfvmw<f?
Þ aqmi f h y gu d k atmi fx l ;7 J h cy f _ re f _ re f e J h cy f _ yi f ; _ yi f ; av;
aqmif hvd k ;ay;prf;yg ß
1 3 5
a':xm;7ifu r@SufrajumufEd li fy J zGif h[awmif;qd kvmw<f?
ud katmifxl;tjudKufayg h? cg;odrfodrfav;ud k!Syfud ki f _y D; 7uf7ufa7m
a7mudkaqmif hvd k;awmhwmygyJ? wbGyfbGyfvD;0ifoHawGeJ htwl a':xm;7if
7J ht7omawGh_yD;a7@GwfoHawGu pnf;csufnDnDay:xGufvmygawmhw<f?
Þ bGyfyvGyf- -bkbGyf- -bkbGyf ß
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -udkatmifxl;7J h bGyf ß
Þ aumif;vd kufwm@Si f h- -aqmif hy g wtm;aqmif hvd k ;pr f ;yg
- -[if;[if;- -bGyf tm;- -bGyf tif h ß
ud katmifxl;uvnf; wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ay;7if;- -
Þ tckvd kzifaxmif_yD;aqmfwmu yd kaumif;wmayg h? tckaersm;
ci fAsm;7 J hc smwdwfrwpfa<mufa<mufvnf; usKy fwd k he J htwlwl@ S dae7if
yd kraumif;bl;vm; ß
a':xm;7ifu bmr#_yefra_ymyg? od k haomfa':xm;7if>zifqH k
juD;yd kIvSKyf@ Sm;a0h<rf;vmonfud kawmh _r<rif;wd k hawG hju7onf?
1 3 6
Þ [d kc smwdwfrav;a<mufxJu b<fwpfa<mufud kci fAsm;
tz kw f7u fay ;c si fovJ ? tc kv d k ci fA s m ;u d ku s Ky fuvd k ; ay ;ae7i f ;
cifAsm;uvnf;tJ'Dcsmwdwfrud k tzkwf7ufay;ayg h raumif;bl;vm; ß
ud katmifxl;u xyfar;_yefonf?
xd kta_ymonf 7rufaZmawGxefaeavaoma':xm;7ifud kyi f
tawmfav;@SufajumufoGm;aponf?
a':xm;7ifonf xlxlylyl_zpfum| rsufESmyiftxm;7cufaom
ajumif h rsufE Smud kacgi f ;tH k ; jum;od k hwd k ;0 Sufxm;vd kufonf? Ttcg
ud k<ftxufy d ki f ;u yd k _ym;usv#uf zi fqH k juD ;y d kaum haxmi fvm_y D ;
u d k atmi fx l ;twGu f zi fac gi f ; ay gu fx Jv D ;wtm;aqmi f ho Gi f ;z d k hv d k h
y d kIaumif;oGm;aponf?
Þ [d k bd ku_ym;rav;aumb<f hE S<fvJ? Ed k h juD ;juD;wifqH k
um;um;aumifrav;av ß
udkatmifxl;u ar;_yefonf?
a':xm;7ifbmr#_ye fra_ym? aqmif hc sufrsm;ajumif h tif hueJ
1 3 7
[ifhueJtouf@SLrSm;aeonf?
Þ rsufrSefe J ha<mufsm;@Smvd kvd kaumifrav;a7m? tJ'Daumifrav;
u abmf'Dawmhtawmif hom;aemf ß
Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -tJvd krs d K ;awGra_ymygeJ h@ Si f- -raumif;
ygbl;- -@Sifar;wmawGud kvnf; uÈefrbmr#_yefra_ymcsifbl; ß
a':xm;7ifu acgif;tH k ;ay:wd k;0Sufxm;7mrS rsufESmud kjuGum
aemufod k hi J hjunfh_yD;a_ymonf?
a':xm;7if>frsufESm_yifay:wGif @Suf@G H hr S KawGt_ynf h<Sufoef;
aeonfud k rde f;uav;ESpfa<muftuJcwfrdjuonf?
Þ od_y D- -od_y D- -cifAsm;u [d kti<fqH k ;aumifrav;7J h
apmufz kw fu d k7u fay;c si fwmud k ;- -qHyi f@ Sn f@ Sn f | @ ky fac smac sm
aumifrav;av ß
Ttar;pum;rSm _r<rif;>tem;wGif rd k ;judK;ypfcsvd kufovdk
_zpfonf? _r<rif;tjuD;tus<fud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;onf? a'goxGuf
onf? cH_yif;onf? _yD;awmh- - -?
1 3 8
aoG;om;awGvnf; ylavmifqlyGufvmjuonf?
a':xm;7ifbm_yefa_ymavrnfenf;[k _r<rif;updwfvSKy f@ Sm;
pGmem;pGi f honf? jumjumawmhrapmif h7yg?
ud katmifxl;uxdkar;cGe f;ud kar;7if; a':xm;7if>zifaygufxJod k h
o l hv D ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k wtm;uke faqmi f ho Gi f ;vd kuf7m a':xm;7i fr Sm
acgif;armhzifaumhum tif hueJtouf@SLrSm;oGm;@Smonf?
a':xm;7ifonf toufud kjudK;pm;@SLvd kuf_y D ; 7rufxef_yif;
vSonfhta_zpum;ud k a7@Gwfa_ymqd konf?
Þ cpfcpfcpf wu<fhvljuD;y J- -@Si fub<fvk dvky f _y D ;odae
wmvJ? _r<rif;ud kuÈefroabmusaew<fqd kwmud k @Sifodaew<fayg h?
[kwfvm;- -tm;yg ;y g ;- -aqmi f hpr f ;y g- -uÈe frzi fxJud kwtm;
aqmi f hv d k ; ay ;pr f ;y gaem f - -[i f h[i f h - -uÈe frav _r<ri f ;7 J h
apmufzkwfud k odyf7ufay;csi fwmyJ? ol hud kaumif;aumif;t7omawG h
oGm;atmif aumif;aumif;juD;7ufay;csifw<f- - ß
xk dtcs de fw Gi f olr>ud k<fxJ@ S daoG ;om;r sm ;onf t7r f ;ud k
vSKy f@ Sm;aeum Ø_yD; × vkvkta_ctaers d K ; _zpfvmjuonfud k _r<rif;
1 3 9
odonf? a':xm;7ifzifvd k ;c Hae7wmudk enf;enf;avmufqufjunfh_yD;
rmvmwif>tzkwfuvday;wmud k acwWr#qufcHvd kufv#i f _r<rif;
t_ynfht0juD;ud k Ø_yD;× oGm;7rSmrvG J?
o d k h aom f a' :xm ;7i f>pum;r s m ;u _r<ri f ;>em ;x Jo d k h
uef hvef hjuD;ud k0ifvmaejuonf? Tae7mrSmjumjumqufaeEd li fonfh
pGrf;tm;aumifrav;wGifr@S dawmh?
_r<rif;onf qwfueJx7yfum ab;od k hz<fxGufvd kufonf?
TwGifolrapmufzkwfxJrS rmvmwif>vuf!S d K ;onfvnf; uÈwfxGuf
oGm;onf? Ø_yD;× vkvkta_ctaewGifrd k h tzkwfrSm@Gpd@ Gp d _zpfaeonf?
rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud k vSrf;Izufrnf_yKonf?
Þ rxdeJ h ig hud krxdeJ h ß
_r<rif;ucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf? a'got7rf;xGufum pdwfawG
odyfud kvS Ky f@ Sm;aecs de f _zpfonf hwd ki f rdr dwd k h>pum;oHrsm;ud k wpfbuf
cef;rSrjum;7atmif_yKzd k hud kawmh _r<rif;odaeygao;onf?
_r<rif ;onf uÈwfuGmusaeaomt0wftpm;rsm;ud kaumuf
1 4 0
<lum uref;uwef;0wfonf?
Þ eifb<foGm;rvd k hvJ <rif; ß
rmvmwifu wD;wd k ;ar;onf?
Þ ig hbmomigb<foGm;oGm; ß
rmvmwifonf olr>t0wfawGud k _yefaumuf0wfonf?
_r<rif;u t7ifqH k ;t0wfawG0wf_y D ;oGm;onf? t0wfawG
0wf_yD;onfESi f h _r<rif;onf tcef;t_yifod k hw@S de fwd k ;a_y;xGufoGm;onf?
xd ktcs de fwGi frmvmwifr Sm xrDE Si f hb7mpD<mwd k hud kpnf;aE Smi f
0wfqif_y D ; tay:0wf@ Sy ftuôsud k pGy fcs@ k H@ S dao;onf? us<foD;yi f
rwwf7ao; ? rmvmwi fonf @ Sy ftu ô su s< fo D ;r s m ;wy f7i f ;yi f
_r<rif;>aemufod k ha_y;vk dufoGm;onf?
_ r<r i f ; r S m r su f 7n f aw Gu s 7 i f ; vy fu D ; a[ m fw< f
t _ y i f bu f o d k h t a 7 mu f c y f _ r e f _ r e f a _ y ; x G u f v m c J h on f ?
apmapmujum;cJ h7onfhpum;rsm;onf olr>em;xJwGif yJ hwifxyfatmif
1 4 1
_yefvnfjum;a<mifIaeonf? @Sufajumufxdwfvef haerSKESi f htwl Ø_yD;×
vkqJqJwGif a_y;xGufvmcJ h7aomajumif h qyfwiH hi H hE Si f humrpnf;pdrf
r_ynf hr0_zpfaerSKu odompGm'Ge fwG Jay:xGufIaeonf?
1 4 2
tcef;(4)
rmvmwif>vSr f ;ac:oHrsm;ud k _r<rif;jum;onf? od k haomf
aemufvSnf hrjunf h? qufIoma_y;aeqJ? _r<rif;onfa_y;ae7mrS
r7yfvd kyg? olronf wpfae7m7mrStvGwf@ke f ;um toufvka_y;ae
7ovdk_zpfaeonf?
olr>b0udk npf!l;zG<f7m_zpfaprnfh w^SmaZm7rufrsm;>
7pfywfvmaomtaESmi ftzG J hr S vGwfE d li f7e ftwGufa_y;ae_ci f ; _zp fonf
[kxifonf?
r÷av;_r d K h>vlpnfum;aomvrf ;rjuD ;twd ki f ;a _y;v$m;ae7i f ;
_r<ri f ;>em;xJwGi f a':xm;7i f>7ruf _yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f ha _ymvd kufaom
pum;oHrsm;u yJ hwifxyfatmif_yefjum;a<mifaeonf?
Þ u|e frav- -,rif;7 J h apmufz kwfud ko dy f7ufay;csi fwmyJ? ol hu d k
aumif;aumif;t7omawG hoGm;atmif aumif;aumif;juD;7ufay;csifw,f ß
Tpum;rsm;u _r<rif;>Eke<faompdwf"gwfuav;ud k 0g;rs d K
avmif_r d Kufaeonf? xd kpum;rsm;ud ka_ymjum;vd kufonf ha':xm;7if>
toHonf 7rufaZmawG_ynf hv# Haeonf? w^Smcd k ;awG<Sufaeonf?
1 4 3
xdk h _yifxd kpum;rsm;ud kjum;vd kuf7onfh_r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;onfvnf;
q la0aomi f ;u se f ;vmonf ? @ Su f@ G H hx dw fve f ho G m ;onf h jum ;uyi f
a':xm;7if>@Sm_zif h rdrdtzkwfud k7ufay;vmonfud k cHcsifonfhp dwfrsm;
axmif;ueJxonf?
Tvdk_zpf7aompdwfud k _r<rif;tvGef@ G Hr ke f ;onf? xd kae7mwGif
jumjumqufaerdv#if Tpdwfud krxde f ;e d li fy J _zpfuke fr Smp d k ;aomajumif h
i d k<d kumtwif;xGufa_y;vmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
Þ a[h<ri f ; 7y fpr f ; bmvd k ht7r f ;av#mufa_y;aewmvJ?
um;twdkufcH7vdrf hr<f ß
ta _y ;v d ku fvmaomrmvmwi fonf _r<ri f ;u d k r do G m ; _y D ;
vufarmi f ;u d kqwfue Jq ky fzr f ;onf? _r<ri f ;u twif ;@ ke f ;ue f
ao;onf ? o d k h aom frmvmwi fon f _r<ri f ;xufoe fp G r f ;on f ?
_y D ;awmh ~sL' d ku7maw;awGud kvnf; avhusi f hxm;ol? ausmi f ;>
u7maw;cse fy D<H? onfawmh _r<rif ;b<fr Smv#i fvGwfatmif@ ke f ;E d li f
ygrnfenf;?
Þ pdwfat;at;xm;prf;? vlrsm;awGeif hud k0 d ki f ;junfhaeju_yD? ß
1 4 4
rmvmwif>a_ympum;onf _r<rif ;>@S Ky faxG ;aeaomp dwf
tm@k Hud kvS Ky fE S d K ;vk dufovd k _zp fonf? _r<rif;onf tajumuftuef
@ke f;uef_cif;r_yKawmh? tenf;i<f_idr foGm;onf? rmvmwifu _r<rif;
ud ktomav;qG Jac:um _r<rif ;vnf; tvd kufoif hyi fav#mufvSr f ;
vd kufygvmcJ honf?
pdwftenf;i<fwnf_idrfp_yKae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; @SKyfaxG;aeaom
tm@k HawGuawmh yaysmufroGm;ao;? txl;o_zi f h a':xm;7i f>
tmomirf;irf;_zif h ud katmifxl;_yKor#cHaeyH k | ud katmifxl;>vD;juD;ud k
tm;ygw7pkyfay;cJ hy H k | xd kaemuf'l;wkwfumzifaxmifay;v#uf udkatmif
xl;vD;juD;zifacgif;aygufxJwd k;0ifvmonfud k wtD;tD;nnf;7if;cHaecJ hy H k
wd k hr Sm _r<rif;>pdwftm@k HxJwGifay:vGifaeqJ? _r<rif;tzd k h ajumuf
vef hwkefvSKyfr S KE Si f h<pfrl;7Da0rSKwd k hud k w_ydKi feufyifcHpm;ae7avonf?
twefav#mufvSrf;rdaomtcg yef;_cHwpfckod k ha7mufvmjuonf?
rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud ktomqGJum yef;_c HtwGif;od k h0ifvmcHonf?
yef;_c HxJod k ha7muf@S dI vSyar$;judKi faomyef;yifrsm;| pdrf;p k daom
_rufcif; | a7yef;a7r$m;ponfwd k hud k _ri f7awmh _r<rif;>pdwftawmf
av;wnfwnf_idr f _i dr f@ S dvmonf?
1 4 5
Þ [m- -tawmfyJa[h- -[dkrSm rtdkif7if;eJ h<k<kwdk hr[kwfvm;ß
rmvmwifua_ymvd kuf7m _r<rif;tawmfav;0rf;omtm;wuf
oGm;onf? yef;_c Hwpfae7m@S dopfyifjuD;wpfyifatmufrSc ke fwef;ay:wGif
td ki f7if;ESi f h<k<karmfwd k hxk di faejuonfud k vSrf;awG h7onf?
td ki f7i f ;wd k huvnf; _r<rif ;ud k _ri foGm;onf? td ki f7i f ;a7m
<k<karmfygxd ki fae7mrSxum vufa0S h<rf;_yonf? _r<rif;ESi f hrmvm
wifwd k honf rwdki fyif7ygyJESi f h td ki f7if;wd k h@ S d7mod k h a_cvSrf;oGufoGuf
_zif hav#mufoGm;juonf?
tem;od k ha7mufoGm;rS td ki f7if;wd k hwGiftaz:@S daeonfud k owd
_yKrdjuonf? xdkolonf toufoH k;q<ft@G<fcef h@ S daoma<musfm;ys d K
wpfa<muf_zpfonf? t7yf_rif h _rif h | tom;vwfvwf| yde fyg;aomfvnf;
usp fvp foe frmaomud k< fvH k ;u d k< fxnf@ S donf? @ ky fuvnf;tawm f
om;em;onf? 0wfpm;xm;onfuvnf; tys Hpm;? rdausmi f ;py d k h@ Sy f
t!d kE ka7mi f | ~È d Ki f ;~ si f ;yi f | a0g hui f ;@ S L ;t_zL | vufwpfbufwGi f
a@$_zif h _yKvkyfxm;onfh cs de f;judK;av;yifywfxm;ao;onf?
Þ eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd kufvmjuvdrf hr<fvd k h igxifawmifrxif
bl ; ? b<fvk dv J wDc sm ha':xm;7i fud kp dw fy suf _y D ;x Gufvmjuw<f
1 4 6
xifyg7J h ß
td ki f7if;u cyf_rL;_rL;uav;a_ymonf? a':xm;7if>trnfud k
jum;vk duf7onfESif h a':xm;7if>7rufxef_yif;vSaomt_yKtrlrsm;ud k
_yefowd7um _r<rif;rSmrsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf?
Þ uJ- -rdwfqufay;7tH k;r<f- -'D OD;u OD;7efyd ki fp d k ;wJ h?
pwD7D<d koDcsi f;qd kw<f- -AD' D<d kvnf;@k dufaewJ h rif;om;wpfa<muf
yJ- - ß
td ki f7i f ;u cyfjuGm;juGm;av;r dwfqufay;onf? pwD7 D<d k
tqd kausm fA D' D< d kri f ;om;qd kaomajumi f h _r<ri f ;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k h
E Sp fa<muftxifjuD;aomrsufvH k ;r sm;E Si f h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;ud k junf hvd kufju
onf?
Þ OD;a7- -'gu tdki f7if;oli<fcsif;awGav? olu- -_r<rif;
olu- -rmvmwif- - ß
7efyd ki fp d k ;u awmufyaomt_yHK;wpfcsuf_yH K;um- -
Þ wd k hu oDcsi f ;qd k _y D ;A D' D<d k@ k dufaeayr<f h emrnfawmhody f
1 4 7
rjuD;vSao;ygbl;? tif;- -judK;pm;ae7qJvd k hy Jqd k7rSmayg h? ajomf- -
td ki f7i f ;a_ym_yvd k h ri f ;wd k hr÷av;a7mufvm_y D ; vnfz d k hywfz d k hcufae
wmudk wd k hod7ygw<f? tif;- -rdef;uav;awGcsnf; onfvk dav#muf
oGm;aejuvdk huvnf; odyfraumif;bl;av ß
Þ [Gef h- -bm_zpfvk d hvJOD;7? td ki f7if;wd k htcktm;vH k ;av;a<muf
ay gi f ;r d ju_y Dy J[m? bmr sm ;a jumufp7m@ S dv d k hv J ? t d k i f7i f ;w d k hu
onfavmufawmhvJ oGm;wwfvmwwfygw<faemf ß
Þ rif;wd k hroGm;wwfrvmwwfbl;vd k h wd k hra_ymbl;av- -[dk
b<fvd ka_ymrvJ- -q7mra':xm;7ifu rif;wd k h7 J hacgif;aqmifqd kawmh
y d ku fq Hud kvnf ; oluy Jx de f ;o dr f ;xm;r<fr[kwfvm;? vnfw<f
ywfw<fqd kwmuvnf; ai Gav;aju;av;vufud ki f@ S daer S aumi f ;
wmr[kwfvm;? tJ'gud kwd k hua_ymwmyg ß
td ki f7if;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k rsufeufav;a'gif huyfumjunfhvd kuf
_y D ;aemuf tomav;a@S hod k hwd k ;uyfvd kufonf? td ki f7i f ;>rd k h0e f ;aom
7ifom;qd ki fwpfbuf 7efy d ki fp d k ;>b<fvufarmif;ud krxdwxdESi f hxdae
onfud k _r<rif;owd_yKvd kufrdonf?
Þ tvdkav;- -aiGrsm;rsm;rygayr<fh aysmfp7m_zpfatmifvnfywf
1 4 8
Ed li fr<f henf;@S dygw<faemf ß
Þ b<fvd krsm;vJtd ki f7if;7J h a_ymprf;ygtH k ; ß
Þ OD;rSmawmh tdrf@ S dygw<faemf [kwf7J hvm; ß
Þ [m- -@S dwmayg h? awmif_rd K htxGufem;rSmyJ? bmvJ rif;wd k hu
wd k h7 J htdrfud kvk dufvnfr<fpdwful;vd k hvm;? 'Dvd kvkyfvd k hvnf;_zpfyg hrvm;?
wd k hu rif;wd k he J hwpdrf;awGvd k _zpfaewmyJ? odju7wmuvnf; bmjum
ao;vdk hvJ ß
7efyd ki fp d k ;u tdki f7if;ud kp d kufjunfhuma_ymae7mrS usefrde f;uav;
oH k;a<mufud kyg rsufpda0humjunfhvd kuf_yD;- - -
Þ O D ;u tdr ftvnfvd ku fz k d h z dw fw<fxm;t H k ; ? ri f ;w d k hu
vd kvd kvm;vm;e J hv d ku fvmE d li f jur Smvm;? O D ;uwtdr fvH k ;wp fa<muf
wnf;aewmaemf ß
xd kar;cGe f ;r Sm pdrfac:onfhoabmrs d K ; _zpfonf? rde f;uav;rsm;
ud k tuJprf;vd kuf_cif;[kvnf; qdkEd li fonf?
1 4 9
<k<karmfESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf acgif;av;iH k hoGm;juonf?
_r<rif;uawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;ud kpl;pd kufumjunfhaeqJ? odk haomfyg;pyfuawmh
bmpum;r#a_ymrxGuf?
Þ td ki f7if;uawmh OD;zdwfac:r<fqd k7if vd kufcJ hr Smayg h ß
td ki f7i f ;uqG Jaqmifr S Kt_ynf hy gaomt_y H K ;av;_y H K ;um olr>
oabmxm;ud ka_ymvk dufonf?
xd kod k ha_ym7if; a@S hod k hvnf;tomwdk;vd kufonf? rxdwxd_zpf
aeaom7i fom;qd ki f ju D ;onf <ckawm h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vufarmi f ;u d k
ododomomjuD;yif tdueJxdoGm;onf?
7e fy d k i fp d k ;u td ki f7i f ;y kc ke f ;av;ud k cy fy d k i fy d k i fyi fo d k i f ;zuf
vdkufonf?
usefr de f ;uav;oH k ;a<mufwd k hr Sm tawmfud ktH hjooGm;juonf?
td ki f7if;>qHk; _zwfvkyfud ki fy H kE Si f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>wk H h _yefr S Kwd k hu _refqefvS
onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>abmif ;bDc Gjum;z kz kxpfxpf _zp fvmonfud k olwd k h
_rifju7onf? vD;awmifae_cif;_zpfajumif; em;vnfjuonf?
1 5 0
7efyd ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7if;ud kac:oGm;_yD; bmvkyfawmhrnfqd k _cif;ud k
vnf;olwd k haumif;aumif;juD;rSe f;qod@S dE d li fonf?
Þ uJa[h- -igawmhOD;e J hvd kufoGm;awmhr<f? eifwd k hwawGvnf;
vk dufcsi fvd kufc J h rvd kufcsi fae? ig htwGufuawmh bmrStajumif ;
r[kwfbl; ß
td ki f7if;u oli<fcsif;roH k ;a<mufbufvSrf;junfh_y D; _ywf_ywf
om;om;yifa_ymonf?
<k<karmfE Si f hrmvmwifwd k honf csufcsi f ;yiftd ki f7if;ab;em;od k h
a7mufoGm ; juonf? _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufwnf ;om r lvae7mwGi f
usefcJ honf?
_r<rif;onf td ki f7if;wd k hE Si f htwlwlvd kufroGm;vd kyg? od k haomf
olrwpfa<mufwnf;usefaecJ h _y D; bmvkyf7rnfenf;? vyfuD;a[mfw<f
od k h _yefoGm;um a':xm;7ifESi f hud katmifxl;wd k h vd k;aeaqmfaejuwmudk
acsmif;junfh7rvm;? 'grSr[kwf r÷av;_rd K hxJwGif wpfa<mufwnf;
av#mufvdrf hae7rSmvm;?
_r<rif;tqHk;_zwf7cufaerSKud k <k<karmfu0ifa_z@Sif;ay;vd kuf
1 5 1
onf? <k<karmfonf _r<rif;tem;od k htomuyfvmum vufarmif;
wpfbufud kud ki fvd kuf_yD;- - -
Þ vmpr f ; y g<ri f ; 7m ? av;a<mu ftw lw l@ S d a ew J h Op P m ?
ei fuwpfa<mufxJc G J _y D ;c se fraecsi fpr f ;y ge J h ? igwk d he J htwlwlvd kufc J hy g?
ei f hbmomeifat;at;aecsi fw<fqd k7i fvnf; aeEd li fygw<f? eifp dwf
ryg7i fbmrSvky fp7mrvd ky gbl ;[- -b<folurSvnf; ei f hud ktwif;
tjuyftEd li fusif hr Smr[kwfygbl; vmyg- -vkdufcJ hprf;yg ß
Þ [ kw fom ;y J<ri f ;7 J h ? v k du fc J h y g ? <ri f ; ay s m f 7r S my g ?
<rif;rjudKufwmudk bmrSrvkyfygbl; ß
7efyd ki fp d k ;u avoHat;at;ESif h0ifa_ymonf?
a _ymy H k r S m jui femr S K y g @ S d _ y D ; q G J aqmi ftm ;aumi f ;on f ?
_r<rif;onf7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k @SufpEd k ;trlt7m_zif hjunfhum acgif;av;ud k
tomndwf_yvd kufrdonf?
Þ aumif;_yD? rif;wd k hwawGyef;_c Ht_yifbufu um;7yfxm;wJ h
ae7mqDud kvmcJ hju? OD;um;ud ktoif hvkyf_yD;apmif haer<f ß
1 5 2
7e fy d ki fp d k ;ua_ymonf? xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;>wify g ;vH k ;av;ud k
qwfueJy kwfvd kuf _y D ; a_cvSr f ;oGufoGuf _zi f hav#mufvSr f ;xGufoGm;
onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;tae_zif h EkEki<fi<frde f;uav;wpfod kufESi f htwlwG Jum
yef;_c HxJrSxGufoGm;_cif;r_yKvd kI <ckvd kvkyfaqmif_cif;om_zpfajumif;
_r<rif;em;vnfvd kufonf?
_r<rif;wd k hvlp konf pum;wa_yma_ymESi f hye f ; _c HxJr SxGufvm
juum um;rsm;7yfxm;7mbufod k h av#mufvSrf;oGm;juonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;onf um;ud kolwd k hab;em;od k htomav;armif;vmonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;>um;rSm aAgufpf0<f~Ge f;t0ga7mifav;_zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u
td ki f7if;ud ka@S hcef;wGifae7may;um _r<rif;| rmvmwifESi f h <k<karmf
wd k hud kaemufcef;wGifxd ki faponf?
xdkaemufum;udk awmif_rdK hbufqDodk hOD;wnfum t@Sdef_yif;_yif;_zifh
armif;ESi favawmhonf?
1 5 3
7efy d ki fp d k ;>tdr fonf 0ef ;E Si f h _c HE Si f hoD ;oef h@ S daomtdr f _zp fonf?
wpfxyfwd kufykuav;? _cHuawmhtawmfav;us<fonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf
um;udktdrfa@ShwnfhwnfhwGif7yfonf? rdef;uav;rsm;onf tdrfvSyajumif;
7<farma_ymqd k7if; um;ay:rSqif;onf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;u tdr fwHcg ;aomhud kz Gi f hay;vd kuf7m rmvmwifE Si f h
< k< karm fw d k huxdy fq H k ;utdr fx J0i fo Gm ; juonf? td ki f7i f ;uawm h
7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hwG Jv#uf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;utd ki f7if;>cg;ud ky d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fzufxm;
onf? td ki f7if;uvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kcyfEG J hE G J hav;rS Dvd k h?
_r<rif ;onf aemufqH k ;r Syi f tdr fxJod k hvd kuf0i fvmcJ honf?
t_yi fr S junf hv#i fwp fxy fw k du f[ kxi f7aom fvnf ; txJwGi fawm h
txyfcd k ;@ S daeonfud kawG h7onf? tawmfav;vnf;oyf7yfoef h@ Si f;onf?
Þ uJ- -rif;wd k hoH k ;a<mufpdwfwd ki f;usaevd kufju [kwfvm;
OD;e J htd ki f7if;uawmh [dk- -udpPav;enf;enf;@S dvd k h ß
t dr fx J0i fr d _y D ;onfE Si f h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;ua_ymonf? xd kaemuf
td ki f7if;ud kwG Jzufum txyfcd k ;ay:od k hwufoGm;avawmhonf?
<k<karmfonf _r<rif;>ab;em;od k htomuyfvm_yD;- - -
1 5 4
Þ a[h- -<ri f ;- -olwd k htvky f _zp f jurvd k hvm;rodbl ; ?
rtd ki f7if;u 'DvljuD;cswmudkc Hyg hrvm; ß
<k<karmfu ajumifp Dp Dav;ar;vd kuf7m _r<rif;ryGi f hwyGi f h
_y H K ;vd kufonf?
Þ eifuvnf;w<f Øt× wmudk;? td ki f7if;u OD;vkyfwmudk
rc Hcsi f7i f bm_zpfvd k h' Dae7mud kvd kufvmrSmvJ? OD;7 J h[mjuD;awmifae
wmud kaum ei fowdr _y Kr dv d ku fb l ;vm;? tc kv d kta_ctaer s d K ;r S m
rt d ki f7i f ;up dw fa _ymi f ; _y D ; _ye fr<fv ky fwmawmi f O D ;uv$wfay;r S m
r[kwfbl;? 7atmifud k vkyfrSm{uefyJ ß
Tpum;rsm;ud kcyfat;at;a_ymcsvd kufEd li fonfhtwGuf _r<rif;
rSm rdrdud k<frdrdtH hjordonf? b<fae7muae_yD; owWdawG7vmygvdrf h?
1 5 5
td k i f 7i f ;q d kon f h aumi frav;onf toufi< faom fvnf ;
tawmfud ktawG htjuH K7i f husufrnf hr de f ;uav;_zp fajumif ; pawG hup
yif 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Se f ;qrdcJ honf? xd kajumif hvnf;vd kufum Øp× rdcJ h7mrS
<ckawmhtd ki f7if;omru taz:csmwdwfroH k;a<mufud kyg tdrfta7muf
Ør× vmEd li fc J hay_yD?
7efy d ki fp d k ;r Sm td ki f7if;ud kcscsi fp dwfawGt7rf;ud kwufjuGaeonf?
tdr fta7mufum;armi f ;vm7onfuyif jum_ri f hvSonf[kxifonf?
vd k ;csi fonfhp dwfrsm;ud k renf;ud kcs Ky fwnf;xm;um um;ud ka_zmif hatmif
jud K ;pm ;armi f ;c J h7onf? xd kajumi f ht dr fa7mufonfE Si f h vH k ;v H k ;u d k
tc s d e fq d k i f ;raeE d l i f awm hy J t d k i f7i f ;u d kt dy fce f ;@ S d 7mtxy fc d k ; ay:o d k h
csufcsif;ac:vmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
td ki f7i f ;ur_ii f ;wrf ;vd kufygvmawmh 7efy d ki fp d k ;ody fud kauseyf
oGm;onf?
tdyfcef;xJa7mufonfESif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf td ki f7if;ud kc Hwifapmif;
wGi ftomxd ki fc d ki f ;onf? xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;>ab;em;wGi f tom;csi f ;
xdatmifyifuyfxk di fcsvd kuf_yD;- - -?
Þ tdki f7if;- - ß
1 5 6
tdki f7if;onf 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud kacgi f ;av;iJ humjunhf _y D ;wpfp H kwpf7m
a_ymrnf_yKonf? od k haomf td ki f7if;>yg;pyfrSpum;oHrxGuf? Øtif- -
tif[if- -× [kryDrotoHav;omxGufoGm;onf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;u tdki f7if;ud kZwfueJayG hzufum olr>ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;
uav;rsm ;ud k wtm;yi fz duy fp ky f<lvd ku faomajumi f h td ki f7i f ;r Sm
touf@SLawGrSm;oGm;7_cif;_zpfayawmhonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;onf td ki f7if;>ESKwfcrf;ud ktompkyferf;7if; vufawG
ud kvnf; aumif ;aumif ;tvky fay;onf? td ki f7i f ;0wfxm;aomtuôs
us<foD;rsm;ud k wpfc k _y D ;wpfc k _zKwfonf? _y D ;awmhtuôsud ktomyif
a_zcÈwfqG J<lonf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;uÈr f ;usi fy H ku d k td ki f7i f ;up dwfxJr S judwfumcs D ;r Gr f ;
vd kufonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf ES Kwfcr f ;ud kr #i f ;ump ky f<l7i f ; td ki f7i f ;
0wfxm;aomtay:tuôsud k cÈwfcGmypfvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf? td ki f7if;r Sm
tay:y d k i f ;w Gi f b7mp D<mav;omuse fawm honf ? b7mp D<mud k
qufcÈwfavOD;rvm;[k td ki f7if;7ifwzd kz d k _zif hapmif hvif honf? od k haomf
7efyd ki fp d k ;u b7mpD<mudkrcÈwfyg? xrDud komtomyif a_zav#mcsonf?
xd kaemufES kwfcrf;csif;z duyfpkyferf;ae7mrS tomcGmonf?
1 5 7
tdki f7if;r Smarmvsvsav;_zpfuse faeqJrSmyif 7efy d ki fp d k ;onftxufqif
a_yav#mae_yD_zpfaom tdki f7if;>xrDud kuGif;vH k ;uÈwfatmifqG JcÈwfum
cHwifa_c7if;wef;ay:ypfwifvd kufonf? td ki f7if;>atmufyd ki f ;wGifvnf;
yifwDac:twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kav;om usefawmhonf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;onf cHwifatmufod k hqif;um ol hud k<fay:rSt0wf
tpm;rsm;ud k cyf_ref_refyifcÈwfypfonf? ~sif;yifESi f htwGif;cHqyfpyd ki f'g
wd k hud k t7ifqHk;cÈwfonf? 'guvnf;olh>rwfawmifaeavaomiyJacsmif;
juD;ud k aumifrav;_rifatmif_yvd kaomajumif hyif?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;vD;onf tawmfjuD;onf? t@Snf(8)vufromom
@S d _y D ; vH k ;ywfuawmh usyfvH k ;avmufwk fonf? xdyfzsm;ta7_ym;ud k
qG Jcsum'pfaz:xm;I vD;'pfjuD;onf _yJvefe D7 Jaeonf? td ki f7if;>
w^Smcd k ;a0aeaomrsufvH k;tjunfhonf xdkvdifacsmif;juD;ay:usa7muf
um pl;pd kufjunfhaeonf? td ki f7if;onfatmufES kwfcrf;ud k @Smzsm;ESi f h
tomoyfvk du fonf? xd kv di fac smi f ; juD ;E Si f htvd k ;c Hv d kp dw fr sm ;vnf;
wzGm;zGm;ay:vmonf?
td ki f7if;r Smtouf(17)ESp fom@S dao;aomfvnf; umrqufqHrS K
tawGhtjuH kr Smawmh omreftdrfaxmifonfrde f;rjuD;awGxufomonf?
vD;>t7omud k aumif ;aumif ;juD;odonf? vd k ;enf;rs d K ;p H kE Si f hvnf;
1 5 8
py f< Su fz l ; _y D ; _y D ? vD ;u d k a jumufp7m | @ G H p7m[krowfr Sw fawm h ?
cspfp7m| rufarmp7mt_zpfomoabmxm;onf?
ud k< fvH k ;w D ; _zp fo Gm ;atmi fc Èwfyp f _y D ;aemuf 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf
c Hwi fay:od k hv Sr f ;wufvmonf? td ki f7i f ;uvnf ; tvd ku foi f hyi f
qD;judKumzufvdkufonf?
onfaemufwGifawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f htd ki f7if;wd k honf wpfa<muf
ud kwpfa<mufwif;juyfpGmayG hzufv#uf ESKwfcrf;csif;awhum tirf;r7
yifpkyferf;juonf? wpfa<muf>yg;pyfxJod k h wpfa<mufu@Smxd k;xnfh
um uvdjuonf? wpfa<muf>@Smud k wpfa<mufut_yeftvSef
pkyf<lay;juonf?
o lw d k h E S p f a<mufv H k ; onfv d k7ruf _yi f ;onf hp ky f er f ;r S Kw Gi f
uÈrf;aeju7m tay;t<lodyfr#onf? ESpfO D;vH k ;t7omawGhjuonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;>rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;u td ki f7if;>yifwD
abmif;bDuav;cGqH kjum;ud k axmufrdaeonf? xdk;r daeonf?
abmif;bDcGjum;tom;av;um7H_cm;xm;aomfvnf; vD;acsmif;
juD;>aEG;axG;aomxdawGhrSKu tzkwfay:odk haumif;aumif;juD;oufa7muf
1 5 9
aeonf?
td ki f7if;7ifawGw'de f ;' de f ;c ke fvmonf? vl;vGe f haumhys Hvmonf?
b7mp D<mav;_zi f h rvH krvJpnf ;aE Smi fxm;onf h7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;u
efyd ki fp d k ;>7ifbwfus<fjuD;ud k tdaxG;pGmzdr djuonf? cÈefaumhaxmif
wufaeaomEd k hoD;rsm;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;7ifbwftom;xJod k hp l ;0ifonf?
E S Kw fcr f ;c si f ;awhuyfp ky fer f ;7i f ; td ki f7i f ;>vufwpfbufu
xduyfr daeaomqD;py fE Sp fc k jum;od k hw d k ;0i fum 7efy d ki fp d k ;>vD;juD ;ud k
qkyfud ki fonf?
td ki f7if ;r Sm e~d kuyif7rufxefonf? <ckvd k7e fy d ki fp d k ;>7ruf
_yif;aomayG hzufp ky ferf ;r S Krsm;u td ki f7if ;>7rufrD;ud k avmifpm_znf h
ay;vd kufovd k _zpfonf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k qkyfud ki f
vd kufr d _ci f ;uawmh awmufavmifaeaomrD ;v# Hud k avyif hay;vd kuf
ovdk_zpfonf?
t d k i f7i f ;onf vD ;u d konftwk d i f ;q ky fu d k i fxm ; _ci f ;r[ kw f ?
vufud kvS Ky f@ Sm;um ~Gi f ;wk dufay;ovd krs d K ; vD;wefjuD;ud ky Gwfay;ae
_cif;_zpfonf? vufuav;uEl;nH h _y D; yGwfoyfyH kuvnf;nifomv#uf
ynmvnf;_ynf h0ay7m vD;wefjuD;onf qwfueJqwfueJyifvSKy fcg
1 6 0
Ivmonf?
TtwefjuD;r Sm rjumrDr dr d>apmufacgi f ;av;xJod k h wd k ;0i f
vmawm hr S my J ? O D ;u tp ky fter f ;tu d k i ftw G< f7ru f _yi f ;ov d k
vd k ;wJ htcgrSmvnf; jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;ud kaqmif hr SmtrSefyJ?
TtawG;onf tdki f7if;>pdwfud k bavmifqlvmaponf?
7efyd kifpd k;onf tdkif7if;>yg;pyfudkpkyferf;ae7mrS tomatmufbuf
od k ha@G hvmonf? b7mpD<m7ifbH kav;rsm;jum;rS wpf7pfxGufaeaom
7ifom;qd ki fawGud k erf;aeonf?
t d k i f 7i f ;uvnf ; v di fwe f ju D ;u d kq ky fu d k i f y Gw fay ;ae7mr S
vufud katmufbufo d k h y d k E S d r f hum a~ G ;Or sm ;u d ktomt<mqky fu d k i f
y Gwfoyfay;vd kuf_yefonf?
td ki f7i f ;onf nmvufacsmi f ;r sm; _zi f ha~ G ;Orsm;ud kqky fud ki fay;
ae7i f ; b<fvufacsmi f ;r sm ;uawmh 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>zi fvH k ; juD ;ay:od k h
wifay;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>zifom;rsm;u vHk;uspfaeonf? td ki f7if;onf
zifom;uspfuspfrsm;ud ktomyGwfjunfh_yD;aemuf zifom;ESpf_crf;tjum;
tuGJajumif;twdkif; vuf!SdK;av;_zif htomyGwfqGJonf? vuf!SdK;xdyfu
1 6 1
ptd k0ud kxdrdaomtcg tomav;7yfvd kufonf?
toufi<faomfvnf; umrpyf<Sufr S KtawG htjuH K7i f husuf
aeolt d ki f7i f ;onf a<muf sm ;awG>t!Smud kvnf ; em;vnfonf?
ptd k0ud kvuf!S d K ;xd k ;xnfhuvday;_cif;onf f a<mufsm;rsm;ud k7rufaZm
xefum t@l;trl;tirf;r7_zpfapEd li fajumif;ud k em;vnfxm;onf?
xdkajumif h 7efyd ki fpd k ;>ptdk0udk vuf!Sd K;xdyf_zif hwpfcsufESpfcsuf
yGwfay;_yD;aemuf qwfueJzdxd k ;csvd kufonf? vuf!S d K ;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;>
zifaygufxJ wpfueJwd k ;0ifoGm;onf?
Þ td k- -td- -tdki f7if;7<f ß
7efyd ki fp d k ;r SmtHjudwfa7@Gwf7if; acgif;axmifxvmonf?
Þ tJvd kr s d K ;rvky fe J huGm? td ki f7i f ;u'Dvd kvky f7i f OD ;jumjum
xdef;Ed li fr Smr[kwfbl;? td ki f7if;ud kwufrvkyf7yJe J h t7nfawGxGufukef
vdrf hr<f ß
7efyd ki fpd k ;u 7rufaZmt[kef_zif h eDeD7J7Jav;_zpfaeaomtdkif7if;>
i<fEkEkrsufESmav;ud ki H k h junfhum cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?
1 6 2
tdki f7if;uwcpfcpf7<farmum 7efyd ki fp d k ;>zifaygufxJxd k ;xnfh
xm;aomvuf!S d K ;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kufonf? xd k h _yif a~G;Oud kqkyfe<fay;
aeaomvufud kvnf; z<fcGmvd kufonf? xd kaemuf7efy d ki fp d k ;>7ifc Gi f
atmufrS tomav;vSdrf humxGufoGm;onf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;tid kufr doGm;onf[kqd k7ayrnf? b<fvd kr Sr[ef hwm;
Ed li fy J td ki f7if;vGwfxGufoGm;onf?
Þ uJ- -td ki f7i f ;ud kc scsi fw<fqd k7i f b7meJ hyi fwDud kvnf;
cÈwfay;av ß
td ki f7if;u a0;a0;awmha@SmifxGufra_y;yg? cHwifapmif;em;wGif
tomxdki f _yD; 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kcyf!k!kav;junfhuma_ymonf?
7e fy d k i f p d k ;u b7mp D<mav;E Si f h yi fw Dav;om0wfxm;aom
td ki f7if;@ S d7mod k h _zwfueJwd k ;uyfvmonf?
xd kaemuf- - -?
wwd,yd kif;ar#mfyg?
1
Ø q<fausmfoufav;rsm;(3) ×
tcef;(1)
7efy d ki fp d k ;u td ki f7if;>b7mpD<mud k _zKwfonf? b7mpD<m>
cs dwfonf omrefb7mpD<mawGvd k aemufausmbufwGifr@S d ? 7ifbH k
E Sp fc kjum;wGif @S donf?
pdwfvS ky f@ Sm;aeaomajumif h b7mpD<m7ifqH kE Sp fc kjum;@S dcs dwfud k
_zKwfaom 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufrsm; rodromwkefaeonf?
c s dw fjud k ; _y Kwfvsufb7mp D<m7i ft H kr sm ;a _yavsm hy Gi f hu GmoGm;onfE Si f h
td ki f7if;>eD7Jc G se faumhaeonfh Ed k hoD;acgi f ;av;rsm;_zif ho7zlaqmif;xm;
avaom r d k h 0e f ;onf hE d k ht H k }u D ;E Sp fv H k ;onf txif ;om;tuGi f ;om;
ay:xGufvmavawmhonf?
7e f y d k i f p d k ;on f _ y Kw fu G mo G m ; aomb7mp D<mav;u d kvn f ;
2
cyfoGufoGuf_zif h qG Jc G swfum cHwifab;od k h ypfcsvd kufonf? wif;ueJ
tdueJay:vGifvmonfh Ed k htH k}uD;rsm;ud kvnf; tm;7yg;7zspf!Spf qkyfe<f
ypfvd k aomfvnf; csmwdwfrud k ud k<fvH k ;wD; _zp fatmift7ifvky fz d k h
7efyd ki fp d k ;qH k ; _zwfvd kufonf?
xd kajumi f h7e fy d d k i fp d k ;onf bd ku_ym;rav;td ki f7i f ;ba7mi f ;>
udk<fay:wGifaemufqH k ;usef aeaom t0wftpm;_zpfonfh twGif;c H
HyifwDabmif;bDyef;Eka7mifav;udk cyfoGufoGufyifqG Jc G swfavawmhonf?
aumi frav;uwcpfcp f7<farm7i f ; twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dtc G sw f7y d kr d k
vG<fulap7ef
wifyg;}uD;udk tomjuGyif hIulnDay;onf?wpfc^ twGif;rSmyif
tw G i f ; c H abmi f ;b D uav;on f ay g i fv H k ; }u D ; r s m ;wav # mu f
av#musoGm;onf? touf(17)ESpft@G<fAd kvfu_ym;rav;> wpfudk<fvHk;
a_ymif@Si f;um yvmusif;oGm;av_yD?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;u td ki f7i f ;>a_caxmufE Sp facsmi f ;ud k qG J _z Jxm;_y D ;
tzkwfudkaoaocsmcsmjunfhonf?apmufzkwfudktkyfudkifuvd7ef vuffvSrf;
vd kuf7m td ki f7if;utomqD;Iqkyfzrf;um - - -?
3
Ø yxrOD ;qH k ; 69 yH kp He J hwa<mufud kwa<muf7ufay;
pkyfay;ju7atmifvm;OD;7m aemf ×
aumifrav;u'Dvd ka_ymawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvJb<f_iif;vdrf hrvJ?
Ø tdkau - - rif;oabmyJ ×
Ø 'grSO D;uG - - uJ vmav ×
7e fy d k i f p d k ;onf yufvufuav; _zp faeaomt d k i f7i f ; ay:o d k h
ha_ymif ; _ye fwufcGvd kufonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>acgi f ;utd ki f7i f ;aygi fjum;r Sm|
t d k i f 7i f ;>r su fE S mwnf hwnf h ay :w Gi f awm h 7i fy d k i f p d k ;>ay gi f c Gq H k ?
x d ko d k h ae7m<lvd ku f7i f ; onfaumi frav;[m toufom
i<fw<f ? tawG htju H Kuawm ht_yw f7i f h aewmy J | 69y H k p H aw G
bmawGawmifodaew<f[k olpdwfxJrSawG;onf?
td ki f7if;onf aygifwef}uD;ESp facsmif;ud k cyfa_ya_yav#mhav#mh
av;um;ay ;xm;onf ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ; r su fE S mty fc s _y D ; apmu fz kw fu d k
ukef;7ufapzdk htoifh? 7efyd kifpd k;onf apmufar$;rsm;xlxyfpGmaygufa7muf_yD;
_zpfaomtd ki f7if;>aygifc GqH kapmufzkwfay:od k hrsufESmud ktyfcsvd kufonf?
4
Ad kvfu_ym;rav;_zpfaomajumif h td ki f7if;qHyifrsm;u a@$a7mifa_y;onf?
apmu f ar $ ; r s m ;uvn f ; a@ $ a7mi fvu f aeon f ? tz kw fuawm h
_zLvd k hazG;vd k h | Ekvd k h | vSvd k h | azgif;azgif;tdtd rd k hr d k hc ke f ;c ke f;uav;?
7efyd ki fp d k ;onf v#mud kwpfvpfxkwfumapmufzkwftuG Jajumif;
twdki f; apmufaph@d S7mod k hO D ;wnfumtomt<m pwifI7ufay;onf?
aigufawmufuav;awmifae_yD_zpfaom apmufaphud kv#mzsm;u xdrd
oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif tdkif7if;>ESkwfzsm;rS nnf;oHav;rsm;ay:xGuf vmonf?
aumifrav;uvnf;qd ki f;raeawmhyJ acgif;av;ud ktomjuGum
7efyd ki fpd k ;>vD;acsmif;juD;ud kyg;pyf ESif hvSrf;pkyfonf? (8)vufrausmfausmf
@ SnfaomvD;wefjuD;>xdy fy d ki f ; td ki f7i f ;>yg;py fxJod k ha7mufonf?
td ki f7i f ;r SmvD;p ky fvnf;tawmfaumif;onf? tpky fc H7onfESi f h
@ d S e f ; _raE G ;axG ;aomt7omonfvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;r S wqif h7e fy d k i fp d k ;>
wudk<fvH k ;od k h _yef hE S H honf? apmufzkwf7ufay;ae7onfhjum;rSyif 7efyd ki f
p d k ;>yg;pyfrStdueJtoHxGuf>?
tdkif7if;uvD;wpfacsmif;vHK;udk yg;pyfxJ0ifatmifiH kvdkufonf?
xdkaemufacgif;udk_yefcsvdkufjuGwufvdkufvkyfay;7m vD;acsmif;juD;onf
olr>yg;pyfxJ0ifoGm;vdkuf _yefxGufvdkuf_zpfaeonf? xdkodk hwd k;0if
5
_yefxGufvSKyf@ Sm;7mwGif El;nH htdaxG;aomES kwfcrf;yg;vSyfvSyfav;rsm;eSi f h
v D ;we fv H k ; yw fu sep G my Gw fw d ku fr d ap7e f t d k i f 7i f ;uE S Kw fcr f ;v $ m
E Sp fc sy f _zi f hv D ;ud k cy fwi f ;wi f ;p ky fay;xm;onf? xd k _yi fy g ;py fxJod k h
wd k ;0if_yefxGuf_zpfaeaom vD;wefjuD;>dxdyfyd ki f ;r S'pf_yJvefjuD;ud kvnf;
v#muav; _zif hvSnf hywf7ufay; ao;onf?
vD;pkyfay;wmcHvd k haumif;vGef;aomajumif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;wpfa<muf
rsufvH k ;awGarS ;pi f ;usoGm;onf?wpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD; _ze f ; _ze f ;xonf?
ol hr sufE Smonftd ki f7i f ;>aygi f jum;wGi ftyf7ufom;@ S d7m apmufz kwf
7eH har$;ys H hys h Hud kvnf; @S l@ S d kufrdaeonf?
t d k i f 7i f ;on f v D ;wp f ac s mi f ;v H k ;u d k y g ; py fx J Õ r k y f 0i fv #u f
tmacgifudkaxmufrdonftxd acgif;udkjuGwifvdkufaomtcgolr>ESmacgif;u
7efyd ki fp d k ;qD;pyf@S dvD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumufrsm;ESi f h xdrdonf? xd kaemuf
acgif;udktomatmufodkh_yefcsvdkuf7m yg;pyfxJrSvD;wefjuD;_yefxGufvmonf?
x Gu fv m aomv D ;we f ju D ;w G i f t d k i f 7 i f ;>w H aw G ; r s m ; a yu s Hu m
a_ymifvufpd kp GwfIaeonf?
vD;'pf_yJjuD;omyg;pyfxJwGifusefaeonfhtxd _yefxkwfay;_yD;aemuf
td ki f7i f ;onfvD ;'p f juD ;ud k v#m_zi f hvSnf hywfum 7ufay; _ye fonf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;r Smt7rf;ud kt7omawG haeonf? td ki f7i f ;onfolxifxm;onf
6
xufyifvD;pkyfaumif;aeonf? vD;pkyfay;wmcHvdk haumif;vGef;aomajumif h
7efyd kifpd k;rSmtdkif7if;>tzkwfudkyifqufI 7ufray;Ed kifawmhatmif_zpfonf?
vD;pkyfay;rá>t7omudkr d Se f ;IcHaeonf?
td ki f7if;u'Dta_ctaers d K;ud krjudKuf?
xd kajumif hzifjuD;ud ktomaumhyifvSKyf<rf;I 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud ktzkwf
<ufay;z d k htcsuf _yonf? r dr duvD;ud kaumi f ;aumi f ;p ky fay;aeovd k
rdrd>tzkwfud kvnf;ususee_yef<ufay;7ef tcsuf_yawmif;qd kvd kuf_cif;
yif?
7efydkifpd k;onftdkif7if;>apmufzkwfudkvufESpfzuf_zifh ususee_zJum
[_yJuav;ay:vmonfh apmufacgif;xJod k h v#muf d kxd k ;oGif;vd kufonf?
Ad kvfu_ym;rav;>apmufzkwfe H huar$;onf ht_yif apmuf7nfjunfrsm;
>t7omuvnf; tawmfav;av;yifyi f@ S donf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;t7rf ;ud k
oabmusoGm ;onf? apmufac gi f ;twGi f ;bufr S ju Gu fom;r sm ;onf
wd k ;0i fvmonf hv#mud k0 d k i f ;! Sy f juonf? apmufz kw ftwGi f ;om;r sm ;
onf qwfqwfwke fum@G@ Gváy faeráud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;c Hpm;od@ S dae7onf?
apmuf7nfjunfrsm;<dkpdrfhpD;usvmonfudkvnf; v#m_zifh7ufrdxdrd aeonf?
7
7efyd ki fp d k ;onf v#mud kapmufacgif;xJod k hxd k ;xnfhvd kuf| _yefxkwf
vd kufvkyfay;onf? apmufzkwftuGJ ajumif;twdki f;v#mud kt_ym;vd kuf
uyfum 7ufay;onf? apmufaphud kvnf;v#mzsm;ESi f hxd k ;uavmfonf?
yg;pyf_zif hvnf;pkyfay;vd kufao;onf?
t d k i f 7 i f ;on f7e f y d k i f p d k ;>tz kw f 7u f ay ; r át7omu d k c H 7 i f ;
y g ;py f _zi f hvnf ;v D ; ju D ;u d ktm ;7y g ;7p ky f7u fay ;aeonf? 7e fy d k i f p d k ;
t 7 r f ; a [ m h v m _ y D ? r d r d t a e _ z i f h j u m j u m r x d e f ; E d l i f y J
rjumrDokwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefawmhrnfud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;wGufrdonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7if;>yg;pyfxJwGif okwf7nfrsm;ud kyef;rxkwf
ay;vd kyg? <ckolukef;7ufay;ae7onfhapmufzkwfxJod k h vD;}uD;vd k ;xnfh
um vdk;ae7if;okwf7nfawGud kapmufzkwfxJod k hom yef;xkwfay;csifonf?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f tz kw fu d ku k e f ; 7u f 7 mr S c G m 7 e f _ y i fon f ?
o d k h ao m ft d k i f 7 i f ;u 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; > a c g i f ;u d k a _ c E S p f a c s m i f ; _ z i f h
twif ;ud k!Sy fxm;onf? td ki f7i f ;onf yg;py fxJr SvD ;ud kxkwfyp fum
7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kvSrf;a_ymonf?
Ø tcs de fawGtrsm;}uD;@S dygw<fOD;7m? tckawmhOD;7J ht7nf
awGud ktd ki f7if;7J hyg;pyfxJrSmyJ xkwfay;prf;yg? td ki f7if;aomufcscsifvd k h?
8
_yD;7ifOD;ud ktd ki f7if;tay:uae aumif;aumif;vkyfay;r<f? [kwfvm;? ×
7e fy d k i f p d k ; r S m q<fausm fouft@ G< faumi frav;>vd kvm ;
awmif hwaomqêudk r_iif;y<fEd li fyg?td ki f7if;tvdkusvd kufa7m7rnfom?
tdkif7if;uvnf; a_ymp7m@S donfwdk hud ka_ym_yD;onfESif hcsufcsif;yif
7e fy d k i fp d k ;>vD ; }u D ;u d ky g ;py f _zi f h i H kumtm;7y g ;7p ky fay;avawmhonf?
vD;acsmif;}uD;>xdyfrSokwf7nfrsm; rjumrDyef;xGufvmawmhrnfqdk_cif;udk
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; odjuayonf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;td ki f7i f ;>apmufacgi f ;xJod k hv#mud kxd k ;oGi f ; _ye f
xkwf_zifh cyfjurf;jurf;yif7ufayonf? xdkh_yifaumhaxmifwuf faeavaom
apmu fap hu d kvn f ;vu f! S d K ;vu frw d k h _ zi f h y Gw fw d ku f z s p f! S p f ay ;
onf? ~Gif;wd kufonfhváyf@ Sm;rárs d K ; _zif hvnf;
apmufaphud ky Gwfwd kufay;onf?
Tvd k7e fy d ki fp d k ;>tqef ;xGi fumvky faqmi fay;vd kur S Kajumi f h
td ki f7if;rSmvl;vGef haumhys Hv#uf _yD;vkvkta_ctaeod k h wr[kwfcsif;yif
a7muf@ S do Gm ;avawmhonf? td ki f7i f ;onf7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD ;we f }uD ;ud k
t7rf;yifpkyfay;vd kufonf?
rjumyg?
9
7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f htd ki f7if;wd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; _ydi fwlyif_yD;ukefjuonf?
7efydkifpdk;>vD;xdyfrSokwf7nfawG tdkif7if;yg;pyfxJY_ynfhv#Hatmif xGufonf?
t d k i f 7i f ;>apmu f7n fr s m ;uvnf ; p d k @ $ J atmi f yi fx Gu fu k e fon f ?
td ki f7if;onfylaEG;yspfcÈ Jaomokwf7nfrsm;ud k tm;7yg;7aomufrds K
csonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;td ki f7if;>apmuf7nfrsm;ud kv#m_zif htm;yg;w7
odrf;7uf<lum rs d Kcsavawmhonf?
7efyd kifpd k;rSm rdef;rtawmfrsm;rsm;udkvdk;zl;ol_zpfonf?tdkif7if;avmuf
7uf7ufa7ma7m Ø_yD; × onfhr de f ;rrs d K ;ud krawG hz l ;yg? xd k h _yiftd ki f7if;vd k
apmu f7n ftxGu f jur f ;onf hr d e f ; rr s d K ;u d kvnf ; o lrawG hz l ; ao;y g ?
tm;yg;w7}uD;ud k × _yD; × oGm;_yD;aemuf ESpfa<mufvH k;yif
a_cypfvufypf_zpfukefjuonf?
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf rD;epftenf;i<fjumatmif _idr foufpGm
vJavsmi f ;tyef ;a_zaejuonf?xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;upwifvS Ky f@ Sm;onf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;>aygi fc G jum;wGi fac Gaysm humrme fusaeonf h vD;wefjuD;ud k
v#muav;_zif h tomt<mpwifI7ufay;onf? vD;wefjuD;ud komru
a~G;tkjuD;ud kygukef;7ufonf?
10
ac Gay sm haeaomvD ;we f ju D ; rawmi f hwawmi f _zp fvmonf?
xd ktcgtd ki f7if;uvD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;ud k yg;pyf_zif hi H kumpkyfay;_yefonf?
× tm;yg;yg; - - tdki f7if;7m [if; ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;onf yg;pyfrSa7@Gwf_rnfwrf;7if; vD;ukef;pkyfaeaom
tdkif7if;acgif;rSqHyifwd kav;rsm;ud kvuf_zif htomt<myGwfoyf ay;onf?
td ki f7i f ;onfvD ;we fjuD ;E Si f ha~ G ;t kwG J juD ;r sm ;ud k wpfvSnf hp D
yg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;vd kuf| @Smav;_zif h7ufay;vd kuf vkyfay;aeonf? xdk h _yif
7efyd ki fp d k ;>ptd k0ud kvnf; vuf!d S K ;_zif hxd k ;uvdao;onf?
apmapmuokwf7nfrsm;yef;xkwfay;_yD;aemuf acGaysmhusaeaom
vD ; ju D ;onf td ki f7i f ;>uÈr f ;usi fv Saomvky faqmi fr S Kr s m ;ajumi f h
rmefxumrwfrwfjuD;awmifvmavawmhonf?
tdkif7if;onf vD;pkyfay;aerSKudk7yfwefhum wcpfcpf7<farm vdkuf_yD;
- -
Ø a[m - - OD;7J hvD;juD;_yefawmifvm_yD? uJ
tvkyfpjutHk;pdkhvm; ×
11
txmaygufaeaom7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf; tdkif7if;bmudkvd kcsifajumif;
odonf? csufcsif;yifarG h<may:yufvufpif;tdyfay;vd kufonf?
ol>vD;wefjuD;u rwfrwfjuD;ud kawmifIaeonf?
td ki f7if;onf7efy d ki fp d k ;> cg;em;qDod k ha@ G hvsm;ae7ma_ymif;onf?
xd kod k hae7ma_ymi f ;7mwGi f av;bufruswusrs d K ;vS Ky foGm;onf_zp f7m
tdxGm;aom7ifom;qd ki fwd k hu wwkefwkefvSKyfonf? um;pGif haeavaom
wifyg;qH k}uD;rsm;uawmh wodrf hodrf hwke fonf?
' gu d k _ ri fawm h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;7i fx Jr S mvnf ; vd S K i f ;v d kxonf?
td ki f7if;>Ed k htH k }uD;awGud ktm;7yg;7qG Jv#ufzifqH k}uD;ud k wtm;zspf!Spf
ypfvd kufcsifp dwfrsm;ud k renf;yifxdef;xm;7onf?
xd kaemuftd ki f7i f ;onf 7efy d ki fp d k ;>tay:od k hwufcGum ae7m
<lonf? aumifrav;u 7efydkifpdk;>rsufESmudktay:rStkyfrdk;um junfhonf?
7efydkifpdk;>rsufvHk;rsm;wGif7rufpdwf_zifhta7mifawmuf aeonfudk _rifonf?
td ki f7i f ;ud k<fwd ki fonfyifvnf; umrqdyfawG tawmfuk dwufae_y D?
y g ; py f _ z i f h p k y f a y ; c J h _ y D ; _ z p f aom v d i fwe f ju D ;u d k tz kw fx Jo d k h
wd k ;0ifvmapcsifae_yD?
12
Ø [ G e f h O D ; uo d y f t y g ; c d k w m y J ? t d k i f 7 i f ; u y J
tm;vH k ;vkyfay;7awmhr<f? ×
td ki f7if;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k _y H K ;pp_zif hjunfhum rxdwxduvdonf?
Ø ajomf - - oluyJa_ymae7ao;w<f - - ×
7e fy d k i f p d k ;uTod k h a _ym7i f ; vufE S p fbu fu d kqe f hx kw fum
tdkif7if;>cGsefaumhaeavaomEd k hoD;acgif;av;rsm;udkvuf!Sd;vufr wdk h _zif
h!Syfum remhwemav;zspf!Spfay;vd kufonf?xd kaemufqufvufI - -
?
Ø td kif7if;yJtay:uae_yD;wufvkyfay;csifw<fqdk? uJ- -
'Dvd kvkyfwmrjud kuf7if z<fav? OD;u tdki f7if;ud kwufcsay;rSmayg h?
×
Ø cpfcpfcpf- -tdkif7if;utvum;oufoufaemufa_ymwmyg
OD;7m? td ki f7if;uyJ tay:uvkyfay;yg hr<f ×
a_yma_ymqdkqdktdkif7if;onf 7efydkifpd k;>vD;acsmif;juD;udknmvuf_zifh
y d k i f y d k i f E d l i f E d l i fq k y fu d k i fq G J< lu mtz kw f 0w G i f aw hv d ku fon f ?
13
tdki f7if;>apmufzkwfxJrS <dkpdr f husaeavaomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ESi f h
xdrd7mpd kp GwfaEG;axG;aom xdawGhr S Ktm@H kud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;c Hpm;7onf?
<c kq d kv # i f 7e f y d k i f p d k ;>v D ;x dy f z s m ;on f aumi f rav;>
umr p y f< Su f 7 m a p mu f a c g i f ; 0wn f hwn f hw G i fu su s e e ju D ; y i f
awhaxmufr daeav_y D ? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfzi fa _ymi f juD ;ud kaum hwi fum
v D ;u d k a p mu f a c g i f ;x J d kx d k ;x J h y p f c s i f p dw f aw G y i f ay :vmon f ?
od k haomfTodk h _yKvkyfonfud kaumifrav;oabmusrnfr[kwfajumif;
ud kvnf; em;vnfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;tzd k h td ki f7if;oabmusESpfoufatmif
v d ku f av s mv k y f aqm i f a y ; z d k h u ta7 ; ju D ; a yon f ? ' g r So m
t d k i f 7 i f ; u d k p d w f w d k i f ; u s v d k ; E d l i f r n f _ z p f o n f h t _ y i f
t d k i f 7 i f ; >o l i< f c s i f ; ru av ; r s m ;u d k y g qu f Øu d k i f × E d k i f z d k h
vrf;pyGi f hrnfr[kwfygvm;? 'gajumif hp dwfud kcs Ky fxdef;xm;7onf?
t d k i f 7 i f ;on f z i fq H k ju D ;u d k toma0 h 0 d k u fv S K y f @ S m ;v #u f
atmufodk htenf;i<fzdcsonf? vD;'pftzsm;uapmufacgif;xJ wdk;0ifonf?
t d k i f7i f ;a7m7e fy d k i fp d k ;y g E Sp fa<mufv H k ;touf@ S Lr S m ;o Gm ; juonf?
t z k w f > E k a x G ; a o m t a w G h t x d u d k v D ; ' p f z s m ; r S w q i f h
7e fy d k i f p d k ; 7@ S d c H pm ;v d ku f7ovd k v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;>@ S d e f ; _ rz d k armaom
tawGhtm@H kud kvnf; apmufacgif;0twGif;om; ESif hapmufaphav;rSwqifh
td ki f7if;>aoG;om;awGu cHpm;7@S dvd kufjuonf?
14
t d k i f 7 i f ; on f tou fu d k w 0 j u D ; @ S L o G i f ; v d k u f on f ?
Ttcg7ifom;qdkifjuD;rsm;aumhwufrdkh0ef;vmonf? xdkaemufwifyg;qHkjuD;udk
qwfueJaumhum tm;ygoH k ;v#ufzdcsvd kufonf?
vD;acsmif;juD;onf usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;xJod k h zGwfueJ
toHE Si f htwlx d k ;az gu f0i fa7mufo Gm ;onf? vD ;0i fo Gm ;r S kt@ S d e f _zi f h
apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm;uwif;I _yJtmxGufoGm;onf?
Ø tm;yg;yg;- -juD;vd kufwJ hvD;juD;OD;7<f - - [if h ×
t d k i f 7 i f ; > y g ; p y f r S a 7 @ G w f a _ y m q d k o H a y : v m on f ?
t d k i f 7i f ; r S mtv k d ; c H z l ; _ y D ; aomr d e f ;uav;wa<mu f _ zp f aom fvn f ;
tou f ( 1 7 ) E S p fo m @ S d ao ; aom a jum i f h a p mu f a c g i f ; a y gu fu
usOf;a_rmif;aeqJyif_zpfonf?
xdkajumif h7efyd ki fpd k ;>(8)vufrcef h@Snf_yD; usyfvH k;xufwkwfaom
v D ; w e f j u D ; w d k ; 0 i f v m on f h t w G u f t a w m f a v ; e m on f ?
w_y d K i f eu fwnf ;r S myi f v D ;t7omuvnf ;aumi f ;v Saomajumi f h
wp fu d k< fv H k ; z d e f ; @ S d e f ;o G m ;7 onf ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ;on fwi fy g ; ju D ;u d k
v S Ky f@ S m ;z dc saer S Kajumi f h odr f ho dr f hv S Ky fc gae avaom7i fom;juD ;
15
E Sp fc ku d kb<fnmvufE Sp fbuf _zi f htm;7y g ;7yi f qky fu d ki fxm;onf?
7 i f o m ; r s m ; u t d x G m ; u m u d k i f v d k h t v G e f a u m i f ; o n f ?
juD;rm;vH k;0ef;aomEd k htH kjuD;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufwtkyfpmyif ruay?
aemufqH k ;w Gi fawm h zwfue JtoHE Si f htwl apmufar $ ;r sm ;
c y fx lx l av ; ay gu f a7 mu f p _ y K _ y D _ z p f aomt d k i f 7 i f ;>q D ; p y fon f
vD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumufrsm;awmxatmifaygufaeonfh 7efydkifpdk;>qD;pyfudk
z w f u e J @ d k u f on f ? 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; >v D ; a c s m i f ; j u D ; u aw m h
aumifrav;tzkwfxJtqHk;wd ki fyif wdk;0ifoGm;av_yD?
tdkif7if;>rsufawmifrsm;arS;pif;aeonf? yg;pyfrSvnf;w[if;[if;ESifh
iSufzsm;wufovdknnf;aeonf? wpfudk<fvHk;vnf; wqwfqwfwkefcgv#uf
@S daeonf?
To d k h _ z p f 7 _ c i f ; r S m a p mu f a c g i f ; x J v D ; a c s m i f ; j u D ;
wd k ;0i foGm;r S Koufoufajumif homr[kwf| vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmonf h
t7omay:wGif 7efydkifpd k;u tdkif7if;>Edk hoD;rsm;udkyg;pyf_zifhwpfvSnfhpDpkyfay;|
vuf_zifhw_yefpDyGwfacsay;rSKuyg xyfavmif;_znfhpGufum aumifrav;udk
t7omtawGhjuD;awG h7avatmif zefwD;ay;vd kuf_cif;_zpfayawmhonf?
on f a e m u f w G i f a w m h A d k v f u _ y m ; r a v ; on f
16
ol>zifqH k _zL_zLazG;azG;juD;ud k xufatmufedrf h _rif hcyfoGufoGufvSKyf@ Sm;
ay ;onf ? zi fq H k ju D ;v S Ky f @ S m ;r S K E S i f htw l vD ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;uvnf ;
apmufz kw fxJ _r Ky f0i fo Gm ;vd ku f | _ye fx Gufvmvd ku f _zp fIaeonf?
vD ; juD ;wd k ;0i fvmonf htcg tzkwfxJwGi fp D ;y d ki f _ynf h juy foGm ;onf?
vD;juD;_yefxGufoGm;aomtcgrSm wGifawmh 7ifxJodrf hodrf hwkef7onf?
0ifxGufvSKyf@Sm;aeaomvD;wefvH k;ywfESif h apmufaphur_ywfxdawGhae7m
t d k i f 7 i f ; t z d k h u m r t 7o mu d k t _ y w f u d k c H p m ; a e 7 on f ?
t d k i f 7 i f ; >v S K y f @ S m ; r S K aw G y d k _ r e fv mon f ? y d k o Gu fv mon f ?
yd kIvnf;tm;_yif;vmonf? wifyg;qHkjuD;udk tm;_yif;_yif;_zif hzdcsavwdkif;
vD;acsmi f ;juD;u tzkwfxJod k haqmif hvd k ;ovd krs d K ;t@S de f _zi f hwd k ;0i fonf?
vD;0ifoGm;oHu Ø bGyf - - bGyf × [k_rnfonf?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ; o n f a u m i f r a v ; > E d k h t H k w p f bu f u d k
vu f _ z i f h q k y f u d k i f q G J e< f 7 i f ; u s e f E d k h t H k w p f bu fu d k aw m h
y g ;py f _zi f htm;7yg ;7uke f ;p ky faeonf? E d k ho D ;ud komp ky fay; _ci f ;r[kwf?
y g ;py fu d k[umE kt daomE d k ht H kom;r sm ;u d ky g p ky f< lay; _ci f ; _zp fonf?
yg;pyfud ktpGrf;ukef[umpkyfay;onfhwd ki f Ed k htH kwpfckvH k ;ud kum;rtkyfrdyg?
Ø t m ; y g ; y g ; O D ; 7 < f - - [ i f h
td ki f7if;Ed k hoD;awGud koGm;eJ hud kufay;prf;yg@Si f - - tm;[if h ×
17
t d k i f 7 i f ; on f v D ; w e f j u D ; x d y f w G i f w i f y g ; q H k j u D ;
wv S K y fv S K y f _ z i f hwu fv d k ; ay ; ae7i f ;u tavmwju D ; a _ y mon f ?
wi fy g ; ju D ;u d ktm ; _zi f h z d c sv d ku favwd k i f ; apmu fac gi f ; ay gu fx Jo d k h
wqHk;wdk;0ifoGm;onfhvD;wefjuD;>xdyfzsm;onf om;tdrfudk'kwfueJ'kwfueJ
aqmif hr donf?
Ø Edk hoD;awGudkudkufay;ygOD;7Jh? pdkhay;prf;yg? pkyfay;prf;ygOD;7<f?
- - [if;[if;[if; - -trav;aemf ×
t d k i f7i f ;q d konf hA d kv fu_ym;rav;r Sm 7e fy d k i fp d k ;>tay:wGi f
uke f;umuGumvSKyf@ Sm;7if; t7rf;ud k Øa[mh×aeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;
t d k i f 7 i f ; t i r f ; r 7 a _ y m q d k a w m i f ; w on f h t w d k i f ;
E d k h o D ; r s m ; u d k o G m ; _ z i f h w q w f q w f u d k u f a y ; o n f ?
yg;pyf_zif hvnf;wÎywfÎywfpd k hay;onf?
xd k h _yi fatmufr Saezi fa _ymi f juD ;ud kaum haum hwi fay; _ci f ; _zi f h
v D ;0i ftm;y d kaumi f ; _y D ;y d kIt0ifeufatmi f _y Konf? vufrsm;uvnf;
aumifrav;>zifqHkjuD;rsm;udk vSrf;yGwfoyfonf? aygifvHk;awGudkudkifonf?
18
tcef;(2)
Ø olwd k htvky f _zp faejuwmud ki goGm;acsmi f ;vd kuftke f ;r<f?
eifwd k haumvdkufrvm; ×
<k<karm fu _r<rif ;E Si f hrmvmwifwd k hud k junf h _y D ;a_ymonf?
_r<rif;rSmpdwfxJwGif@ S ky faxG;aeonf?
7e fy d k i f p d k k ; E S i f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k h>ta_ctaeud kvnf ;ac smi f ; junf hv d konf ?
od k haomf<k<karmfvd kawmhay:wifjuD;a_ymum7J7Jwif;wif;juD;roGm;7J?
<k<karm fonf_r<rif ;E Si f h@ G<fwl(14)E Sp fom@ S dao;aomfvnf;
w @ k w f u _ y m ; r a v ; r d k h t p p t 7 m 7 m 7 J 7 J w i f ; w i f ; @ S d o n f ?
o lw d k ht d r fuvn f ; rc s K y f c s< fxm ; ? a<mus f m ; av ;r s m ; E S i f hvn f ;
a7ma7maESmaESmqufqHa_ymqd kE d li fc Gi f h@ S donf?
_r<rif;rSmawmhrEWav;ol_zpfum rdbrsm;uvnf;tawmfav;;
wif ;wif ; juyfjuyftky fxde f ;xm;7m<k<karm fvd ko Gufvuf7 Jwi f ;r S kr s d K ;
r@S dao;yg? @Suf@G H haeonf?
19
r mv mwi fq d k on f h 7 c d k i f ru awm h < k< k a r m f u d k xu f
_r<rif;ud ky d ktav;xm;onf? _r<rif;>tem; WwGi fom aecsi fonf?
_r<rif;vdkufoGm;v#ifolvnf;vdkufrnf? _r<rif;rvdkufv#if olaecJ hrnf?
olESi f h _r<rif;ESp fa<mufxJ@S daezk d hud k yd kvd kvm;onf?
Ø eif hbmomeifoGm;junfhcsifjunfhav?
igwd k hawmh' Dr Smy Jem;aevd kuftke f ;r<f? aemufr SoGm;acsmi f ;junf hvnf;
7ygao;w<f[m ×
r m v m w i f u < k < k a r m f u d k v S r f ; a _ y m o n f ?
_r<rif;uawmhbmrSra_ym? bma_ym7rnfud kvnf;@kwfw7ufrod?
<k<karmfonf apmapmutdki f7if;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;ac:oGm;7m_zpfaom
txyfcdk;ay:wufonfhavSum;@Sd7modkh cyfoGufoGufyifav#mufvSrf;oGm;onf?
{nf hcef;xJwGifawmh _r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwk d hE Sp fa<mufxJom
usefaejuonf? rmvmwifonftouf(16)ESpf@S d _yD; _r<rif;ESif h<k<karmf
wd k hxuf(2)ESp fjuD;onf? od k haomfwpfwef;wnf;rd k h Øeif - ig×[kom
ac:a_ymjuonf?
20
< k< k a r m fx Gu fo G m ;on fq k d on f E S i f h r mvmwi fon f
_r<rif;>teD;od k h wd k ;uyfa7muf@S dvmonf?rmvmwifonf_r<rif;>
ykcke f;tdtduav;rsm;ud k od ki f;zufvd kuf_yD; - - -
Ø vyfuD;a[mfw<frSmwkef;u wyd ki f;wpeJ h7yfcJ h7wJ hvkyfief;ud k
_yefp7atmifvm; aemf ×
r mv mw i f on f _ r< r i f ; > e m ; e m ; o d k h to mu y f u m
w d k ;w d k ; av;a _ymv d ku f _ y D ; _r<ri f ;>nmzu fy g ; _ yi f av;u d kvn f ;
@$wfueJyiferf;onf? _r<rif;>7ifxJ zd kueJyif_zpfonf?
r de f ;uav;tcsi f ;c si f ;onfvk der f ;@ S ky f _ci f ;onf obm0rus[k
_r<ri f ;xi fonf? @ ke f ;z<fyp fz k d h aumi f ;ajumi f ;ud kvnf ; odonf?
_ i d r f c H v d k u f v # i f r m v m w i f on f w p f q i f h w u f u m
uJvmrnfudkvnf;rSef;qrdonf?
rmvmwi f r S m a<mu f s m ; @ S m rav; _ zp fum tc sp f awm f aw G
tr s m ; ju D ;xm ;v #u f r d e f ;uav ;tc s i f ; c s i f ; yv l ;ww f a jumi f ;
owif;rsm;ud kvnf; ausmif;xJwGifem;rqHhatmif _r<rif;jum;cJ h7onf?
<ckrmvmwifu rdrdud kyvl;zd k h pwifvrf;cif;ae_yD_zpfajumif;ud kvnf;
_r<rif;odonf?
21
o d k h a o m f _ r< r i f ; w G i f _ i i f ; q e f @ k e f ; z< f x G u f o G m ; 7 e f
tm;r@S dy J _zp faeonf? ud katmifxl;E Si f hq7mra':xm;cifwd k hE Sp fa<muf
aumi f ;aumi f ;vd k ; jucHju| vD;p ky f ju| zi faqmfjuvky faey H kr sm ;ud k
ac smi f ;a _rmi f ; junf h@ S kc J h7 _ci f ; _zi f h (14)E Sp ft@ G<f aoG ;om;ql _z d K ;p
_r<ri f ;>p dw ftpO ftxl ;u d kv S Ky f @ S m ;c J hon f ? o lr>aoG ;om ;r s m ;
vd kvm;awmif hwaeonfh umrt7omtxGyftxdyfod k hwufvSrf;a7muf@S d
v d kon f hqê7ru fu d k rmvmwi f>ty Gw ftoy f | tud k i ftw G< f
tx d k ;tE d S Ku f r s m ;u _ zn f hwi f ; a y ; E d l i f a jum i f ;u d k _ r<ri f ;
aumif;aumif;juD;em;vnfaeonf?
x d k o d k h e m ; vn f a e r S K u y i f _ r< r i f ; u d k _ i i f ; q e f
a@SmifxGuf_cif;r_yKomatmif zefwD;qG Jaqmif xm;_cif;_ kzpfayawmhonf?
r m v mw i f u aw m h _ r < r i f ; > _ i d r f a e r S K u d k j un f h u m
r dr dtvd k _yn f h7awm hr S mu d k aocsmp G mo donf ?x d k a jumi f h cy f7 J7 Jyi f
qu fvu fv S K y f @ S m ;on f ? _ r<ri f ;>au s m _ y i fu d k tomav ;
vu f 0 g ; _ z i f h y G w fon f ? x d k o d k h y G w f 7 mw G i f tu F s D at mu f @ S d
b7mpD<maemufausmod ki f;judK;ud k xdrdud ki fr datmif_yKonf? _r<rif;rSm
r mv mw i f a b ; e m ; w G i f a c g i f ; u av ; i k H h u m _ i d r f I a eon f ?
_ i i f ; q e f @ k e f ; z< fx G u f v d k p d w f u av ; r s m ; @ S d a e ao m f vn f ;
pdwfoGm;wd ki f ;ud k<furygEd li fawmh?
22
_ r<ri f ;>7i fw' d e f ; ' d e f ; c k e f a eon f ? p dw fvn f ;t7r f ;u d k
vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? aumif;aumif;yifrwfwwfr7yfEd li fawmh| rdrdud k<frdr d
b m v k y f 7 r n f r S e f ; r o d a o ; r d r S m y i f _ r < r i f ; o n f
r m v m w i f > 7 i f c G i f x J r s u f E S m x d k ; t y f v d k u f r d o n f ?
rmvmwi f>r d k h 0e f ;aom7i fom;qd ki fr sm ;onf _r<ri f ;>rsufE SmE Si f h
tdtdaxG;axG;juD;yifxdrdonf?pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aeonfhjum;rSyif rmvmwif>
Ed k hoD;acgif;av;rsm; aumhaxmifwufaeonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKrd
vd kufao;onf?
Ø eife J hige J haumif;aumif;juD;aysm fju7atmifaemf - - <rif;
×
r mvmwi fuw D ;w d k ; a _ y m jum ;on f ? o l r>vu f r s m ;u
_r<rif;>uspfvpfaomwifyg;av;ukdqkyfudkifonf?yGwfjunfhonf? _yD;awmh
_r<rif;>wke fwcd kufc d kuf_zpfaeaomud k<fvH k ;av;ud k cyfwif;wif;yif
zufvdkufonf?
rmvmwif>udk<frSmvnf; wkefIaeonf?
eif hp dwfxJt7rf;@S ky faxG;_yD;vSKyf@ Sm;aer<fqd kwmigodygw<f<rif;7m?
23
' g a y r< f h t c k i gv k y f a y ; r S m aw Gu e i f h u d k au m i f ; au m i f ; ju D ;
t7omawGhrSmuawmhaocsmygw<f? 'DawmhpdwfxJrSmb<fvkdyJ_zpfae_zpfae
to m av ; _ i d r f _ y D ; aw m h o m a ev d k u f p r f ; y g ? e i f h u d k b< fv d k
t7omcHpm;7w<fqd kwm ig_yay;rSmayg h[J h ×
Tpum ; r s m ;u d k a _ y m 7 i f ; r mv mwi fon f _ r<r i f ;u d k
{nf hcef;ESi f huyfv#uf@S daom tcef;xJod k hac:oGm;onf? xdktcef;xJwGif
cHwifwpfvHk;arG h<mcif;v#uf@S daeonf? _cifaxmifESif hacgif;tH k;rsm;um;r@S d?
rnfonfh
7n f@ G< fc su f _zi f hTae7mw Gi f c Hwi f@ S d aer S e f ;vnf ; ra _ymwwfy g ?
r mvmwi fon fTc Hwi f @ S d a eon fu d k tr Sw f rxi f aw G h _ ri f r d 7 mr S
_r<rif;ud ktvdkufoif hzufac:vmcJ h _cif;_zpfayonf?
p dw fx Juv S K y f @ S m ; a jumu f @ G H h ov d kv d k _ z p f a e aom fvn f ;
< c k v d k r mv mw i f > zu fw G J a c :< l o G m ; r S k u d k c H 7 on f h tw Gu f
_ r<ri f ; r S m ay s m fov d k y i f _ zp f r don f ? o lr>a _caxmu fr s m ;on f
rcd ki fy JacGaysmh!$wfIaejuav7mwpfae7m7mwGifxd ki fcsvd kufcsifaeonf?
rmvmwifonf_r<rif ;ud k c Hwifay:wGi fxk di fv#ufruswus|
t d y f v # u f v n f ; r u s wu s a o m t a e tx m ; r s d K ; _ z p f a t m i f
24
tomwGef;wifvdkufonf? rmvmwif>ylaEG;El;nHhaomvuf0g;wpfbufonf
atmufp rvGwfwvGwf _zp faeavaomxrDatmufod k hw d k ;0i fvmum
_r<rif;> wif;7if;aomaygifvH k k ;wpfbufud k tomtkyfud ki fonf?
xd kvufonft_i dr frae| aygi fom;rsm;ud ktomt<myGwf7i f ;
tay :bu fo d k hwa@ G h a@ G hwu fvmonf ?x d ko d k h aomx daw G h r S k a jumi f h
_r<rif;>udk<fav; qwfueJwkefonf?
Ø [if; - - ×
_ r<ri f ;on fou f _ y i f ; av ; av ; ju D ;wp f c su f c s r don f ?
olr>ESvH k k ;onft7rf;ud kc ke fIaeonf? 7ifc ke foH _re fvGe f ;aomajumif h
toufyifaumif;aumif;@S lr7atmif _zpfae7onf?
rmvmwif[m ØvufpfbD<rf× ygvm;? [k_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif
od@S d fvd kuf7onf? ØvufpfbD<rf×qdkonfrSm rdef;rcsif;yGwfoyfudkifwG<fum
7rufpdwfa_zwwfonfh trs d K ;orD;rs d K ;ud kac:_cif;_zpfajumif;ud k _r<rif;
em;vnfod@S dvmcJ h7ygonf?
<ckrjumrDrdfrdrSm vufpfbD<rfwpfa<mufESifhtaysmfusL;7awmhrnf
u d k v n f ; o d a e on f ? a j u m u f vn f ; a j u m u f on f ?
25
_ y D ; awm h rn fo d k h aomc H p m ; r S K r s d K ; aw G h ju H K 7 rn f en f ;[ lIvn f ;
odvd kp dwf_yif; _yaeonf?
_r<ri f ;>rsufawmi faum haum h juD ;r sm ;ar S ;pi f ;Iusaeonf?
yg;pyfuav;uvnf; r[w[? bmvkyf7rnfudkvnf;a0cG JIr7Ed lifawmh?
xdkajumifh_r<rif;onf rmvmwif>tudkiftwG<ftyGwftoyfrsm;ajumifh
r d Se f ;ueJ@d Se f ;ueJcHpm;ae7onfhtm@k HwGifom epfa_rmyg0ifoGm;avawmh>?
r mv mw i f >u s i f vn f ao mvu f a c s m i f ; av ; r s m ; on f
_r<rif;0wfxm;aomyifwDtwGif;cHabmif;bDav;> ~Godkif;ae7matmifodk h
w d k ;0i fvmonf? azgi f ;wufaeaomapmufz kwfE S Kwfcr f ;omtpem;ud k
vu f z s m ; aw Gux d r d on f h t c g _ r<r i f ; > E S k w f z s m ; r S Ø t d k ×
[laomnnf;oHav;ay:xGufum cg;aumhwufonf?
Ø e i f h t z k w f u a z g i f ; _ y D ; p d k a e y g h v m ; < r i f ; 7 J h |
eifaumif;aumif;^Smxefae_yDr[kwfvm; ×
rmvmwif>tHjudwfuma_ymvd kufoH dud k _r<rif;jum;7onf?
omreftcs de frsm;wGif' Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;c H7v#if a'gowjuD;_zif hrmvmwifud k
@ d kufESufypfrnf_zpfaomfvnf; <ckawmhb<fvd kr SrvkyfEd li f? 7ifomyd kI
zd karmvmonf?
26
rmvmwif>rsufE Smu_r<rif;>rsufE Smay:tky fr d k ;usvmonf?
_r<rif;bmvkyf7rnfrSef;rodcifrSmyifrmvmwif>ESkwfcrf;zl;zl;av;rsm;onf
_ r< r i f ; > y g ; v S y f a E G ; ax G ; ao m E S K w f c r f ; a y :u sv mon f ?
xd kaemufzduyfpkyf<lonf? r [w[ _ z p f a e a o m _ r < r i f ; >
y g ; p y fx Jo d k h r mvmwi fu @ S mu d kx d k ;o G i f ; a y ;v d ku f aomtc g
_ r<ri f ;on fb< fo lur S _ yaep7mrv d k y J r mvmwi f>@ S mu d k
tm;7yg;7ifyg;pyf_zif hp ky f<lay;vd kufavonf?
t m ; 7 a t m i f p k y f e r f ; _ y D ; a e m u f r m v m w i f on f
zduyfxm;onfhES Kwfcrf;csif;c Gmvd kuf_yD; - - -
Ø b< fv d kv J<ri f ; i gqu f _ y D ;v k y f a y ; 7 rvm ; ?
igvkyfay;wmawGud keifoabmus7J hvm; ×
Tar;c Ge f ;ud kar;vd ku fc s de fw Gi f twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDatmufod k h
x d k ; E S d ku fxm ; aomrmvmwi f>vu fon f _ r<ri f ;>apmu f ap hu d k
z s p f ! S p f y G w f o y f a y ; a e _ y D _ z p f on f ? t a p h u d k tuv d c H
ae7rS kajumif htouf(14)ESp ft@G<faumifrav;>aoG;om;awGt7rf;ud k
qla0Ed l ;jum;aeonf? zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfaponfhumrt7omuvnf;
_r<rif ;>wpfud k<fvH k ;v$r f ;y s h Haeygonf? onfvd kta_ctaers d K ;wGi f
_r<ri f ;tz d k h rmvmwifud ktajumuftuef@ ke f ;z<fxGufE d l i fonf hqê
27
b<fvd kvkyf _y D ;@ S dE d li fygrnfenf;?
o d k h a o m f r d e f ; u av ; c s i f ; ' D v d k v k y f w m ro i f h a w m f [ k
awG;xifrSwf<lxm;onfhtcsufuav;uvnf;@S daeaomajumif h
Ø ig- - wdkhESpfa<muf- - 'DvdkrsdK;vkyfwm - -aumif;yghrvm;
rmvm7<f ×
ar;omar;7onf?tm;uawm hr@ S d ? ar;c Ge f ;x kw fv d ku faom
_r<ri f ;>to Hr S m o do domom ju D ;u d kw k e f 7i fv S k y f @ S m ; a eon f ?
olr>wpfudk<fvHk;udk t_cm; rdef;uav;wpfa<mufvkyfcsif7mvkyfaya7mh[k
yH ktyfvd kufonfh t7dyftaiG h awGut_ynfh?
Ø [m - - bmvkdhraumif;7rSmvJ<rif;7Jh? odyfudkaumif;wmaygh?
rdef;uav;awGtzdk hudk<fhrdef;rom;tcsif;csif;cspfjuwm[m ab;tuif;qHk;yJ?
a<mufsm;av;awGud kcspfr dw<fqd k7ifom t÷7m<frsm;wm
rmvmwi f>pum ;o Hucy fw d k ;w d k ; ? o d k h aom f y d k i f E d l i f r S k
uawmht_ynf hyg0ifaeonf? Tpum;rsm;ud ka_ym7if; rmvmwifonf
_ r<ri f ; 0w fxm ; aom tw G i f ; c H y i fw D abm i f ;b Dw d ku av ;u d k
awmi f hwi f ; _ yn f h _ z d K ; aomay gi fv H k ; ju D ; r s m ;wav#mu fcy f _ re f _ re f yi f
28
qG Jc G sw fc sonf ? _r<ri f ;> xr Dav;r S mvnf ;a _yavsm hIaey g _y D ?
tomav;qG Jc sv d ku fv#i f uGi f ;v H k ;uÈw fuso Gm ;rn f ? <c kawmi f
qD;pyfom;wpfyd ki f ;ESi f h aygif7if;wpfbufuay:ae_yD?
rdrd>xrDtcÈwfcH7avawmhrnfvm;[k _r<rif;xifrdao;onf?
odk haomfrmvmwifonfxrDudkrcÈwfao;? _r<rif;tem;rStomcGmoGm;onf?
_r<rif;>em;xJwGi ft0wftpm;cÈwfaeoHrsm;ud kjum;7onf?rmvmwif
wp f a<mu f0w fxm ;aomt0w ftpm ;aw Gu d k c Èw fc G myp f aea jumi f ;
_r<ri f ;o donf? _r<ri f ;onfr su fv H k ;u d kwi f ;wi f ;r d Sw fxm;onf?
t_cm;rdef;uav;wpfa<muf t0wfcÈwfaeonfudk ay:wifjuD;junfh7Jonfh
p dwfr@S dao;yg? @Sufonf?
c^tjumwGi f a_yav#m haeaomxrDvSe fwif _ci f ;ud kc H7onf?
twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dvnf ;c Èw fxm; _y D ; _zp f7m xr Dv Se fv d ku fonfE Si f h
_r<rif;>atmufyd ki f ;r Sm yvmusif;oGm;av_yD?
uÈefr7J hud k<fatmufyd ki f ;uawmh vH k ;0ud kyvmusif;vk d haeyg_y D?
rmvmwifqd kwJ haumifruuÈefrxrDud kvSefwif_yD; twGif;om;ay:aewJh
uÈefr7J htzkwfud kaoaocsmcsmjunfhaerSmyJ? uÈefrodygw<f? uÈefru
awmhrsufpdudktwif;rd Swfxm;rdw<f? @Sif;@Sif;a_ym77ifrsufESmvnf;ylw<f?
w_cm;r de f ;uav;wpfa<mufuud k<f htz kwfud kp l ;p d ku fjunf haewke f ;r Sm
rsufESmb<fvk dxm;7rvJqd kwm uÈefrrodbl;av? 'gajumif hrsufpdud k
29
twif;omydwfxm;7wmayg h?
tpy d k i f ; r S m awm hb m aw Gb< fv d k _ z p fu k e f juw< fq d kw m
u È e f r ro d @ d k ; t r S e f y g ? 7 i f t 7 r f ; c k e f _ y D ; p dw f aw Gt7 r f ;u d k
vS ky f@ Sm;aewmud ky Jodw<f?
rmvmwi f7 J hvufawG[m uÈe fr7 J h a _caxmufE Sp fac smi f ;u d k
u d k i f _y D ;tom_z Jxm;w<f? aemufawm hc Hwi fuÈ due J _rn fo Gm ;o Hu d k
jum;vd kuf7w<f? rmvmwifc Hwifay:wufvmvd k h _rnfoH _zp fr Smygy J ?
aemufawmh rmvmwif7J hESm0uxGufvmwJh xGufoufavaEG;aEG;uav;
uÈe fraygi f7i f ;ud k xdawG hvmw<f? rmvmwif7 J hx GufoufavawG
uÈe f rtz kw fu d k aE G ;ue J @ d ku fcw fvmw J htc gu sr S b<fv d kta _c
taer s d K ; _ z p f a y : awm h r< fq d kwmu d k u È e f r aumi f ; aumi f ; ju D ;
oabmayguf7ygawmhw<f?
Ø eif - - eif bmvkyfrvd k hvJ - - [if ×
uÈefrutvefhwjum;a_ymrdw<f? ydwfxm;wJh rsufvHk;awGvnf;
c su fc si f ;y J _yL ;us<f _y D ;y Gi f hu ke fw<f?ure f ;uwe f ;ac gi f ;axmi f _y D ;
junfhvd kufawmh? tvdkav;@Sif? rmvmwifav? @Smav;wpfvpfxkwf_yD;
uÈefrtzkwfud kukef;7ufaewm_rif7awmhwmyJ?
30
trav;av;? b<fvd kb<fvd k _zp fo Gm ;r Se f ;awmi frody gb l ; ?
uÈefrwpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD;awGwzse f ;zse f ;xukefw<f? 7ifxJr Smvnf;
a t ; u e J a E G ; u e J _ z p f w< f ? y g ; p y f uvn f ; y v H k ; y a x G ; e J h
bmawGrSe f;roda7@Gwfvd kufrdw<f?
rmvmwifuuÈefr7J hapmufaphud k@ Sme J h0 d kuf0 d kuf _y D ;7ufay;w<f?
uÈe frav xGufa _y ;z d k h p dw fawmi frul ;r db l ; ? zi f ju D ;u d k ju Gyi f h _y D ;
rmvmwif7ufvdk hyd kaumif;atmif tzkwfudkaumhvdk hawmifay;vdkufrdygw<f?
r m v m w i f u v n f ; t j u d K u f a w G h o G m ; y H k y g y J ?
uÈefr7J hapmufaphe J htzkwfud ktm;7yg;7ud k ukef;ukef;_y D;7ufawmhwmygyJ?
uÈefrrSmw[if;[if;e J hvl;vGe f haumhys HoGm;7awmhwmygyJ?
t J' Dw ke f ;r Smy Jav#mufvSr f ;vmwJ ha _coHcy fz Gz Gu d k jum;7w<f?
'gayr<fhuÈefr[m@kef;rxGufEd lifygbl;? wpfa<mufa<mufvmae_yDqdkwm
odygw<f? uÈefrudk<fudkzH k;zH k;zdzd vkyf7r<fqdkwmudkvnf;em;vnfygw<f?
' g a y r< f h r mvmwi fuu È e f rtz kw ftu G J a jumi f ;tw d k i f ;
@ Smud kt_ym;vd kufuyf_yD;7ufay;vd kuf| tzkwf0ud k@ Smzsm;eJ hxd k ;uvdvd kuf|
apmufap hud k@ Sme J h7ufvd ku f | yg ;py fe J hp ky fv d ku fud kt_ywfvky faewmu
cHvdk haumif;vGef;vSwmajumifh uÈefr[mvl;umvGefhum| aumhumjuGumeJh
31
_zpfcsi fwd ki f ; _zpfae7awmhwmygyJ?
<k<karmfonf_r<rif;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf@S donfhtcef;xJod k h
a _ cu d k z G e i f ;u mtom av ; av # mu f v S r f ; 0 i f a 7 mu fv mon f ?
t c e f ;x Jw G i f b m aw Gb< fv d k _ z p f a eon fu d k r jun f h E d l i f ao ; y J
yg;pyfr StoHtkyftkyfE Si f ha_ymvd kufonf?
Ø olwdk htvkyf_zpfaeju_yD? rtdkif7if;uav OD;7efyd kifpd k;juD;
t0wfcÈwfay;wmudkr_iif;bl;[? tckolwdk hESpfa<mufcHwifay:rSmt_ywfudk
aomif;usef;aejuw<f? wHcg;vnf;ydwfrxm;bl;[? vmaveifwd k h- ×
< k < k a r m f p u m ; w p f y d k i f ; w p f p E S i f h 7 y f o G m ; o n f ?
o lr>rsufv H k ;! d k! d k ju D ;r sm ;onf _r<ri f ;E Si f h rmvmwi fw d k hu d k p l ;p d ku f
junf haeonf? r d d d r dE Si f hrmvmwifwd k hE Sp fa<muf Øyvl ; ×aejuonfud k
< k< k arm fwp f a<mu fo d @ S do G m ; _ y D _ zp f a jumi f ; _ r<ri f ;o don f ?
t aw m f a v ; @ S u f r d on f ? o d k h a o m f o l r on f r mv mw i f E S i f h
yvl;aerS kud k7yfqd ki f ;ypfEd li fp Gr f;r@S dyg?
_r<rif;>vufacsmif;av;rsm;onfrmvmwif>qHyif@Snf@Snfrsm;udk
q ky fud ki fxm;onf? od k haom frmvmwifud kqG Jzufyp f _ci f ;awm hrvky f ?
rmvmwif>acgif;ud kol haygifjum;od k hy d ka7mufatmifomqGJIcsaeonf?
32
_ r < r i f ; > 7 D a 0 a o m r s u f v H k ; r s m ; u a w m h
oli<fcsif;<k<karmf fud kvSrf;junfhonf?
Ø [<f - - <rif; - - ×
<k<karmfonfcHwifay:wGif_zpfcsifwd ki f ; _zpfaejuonfhrde f;uav;
ESpfa<mufud k pl;7Jp Gmjunfh7if; tvef hwjum;a7@Gwfvd kufonf?
Ø <k<k7<f - - [if h - - <k<k7<f - -×
_ r < r i f ; r S m b m a _ y m 7 r n f r S e f ; r o d ? y g ; p y f z s m ; r S
on fv d koma7@ Gw faer donf ? rmvmwi fonf <k< karm f a@ S hw Gi f
tp Gr f ; _yvd kaomajumi f h _r<ri f ;>tzkwfud k y<fy<fe<fe<fud k
7ufay;p ky fay ;ae7m _r<ri f ;c _rmtajumqG Jovd k wp fu d k< fv H k ;
qwfueJqwfueJwkefcgaeonf? _r<rif;>t_zpfud kjunfh7if;
< k < k a r m f y i f v # i f 7 i f x J w G i f t w k e f t 7 i f _ z p f o n f ?
juufoD;awGtvd kvd kxonf? a_caxmufrsm;wke fum aysm hvmonf?
aumi f ;aumi f ;yi frwfwwf7y fz d k hcufvmaomajumi f h c Hwi fab;wGi f
' l;axmufum xdki fcsvd kuf7onf?
Ø o l - - o l w d k h v k y f a e j uw< f [ J h - -
33
OD;7J htwefjuD;utjuD;juD;yJ? rtdkif7if;OpPmuao;ao;usOf;usOf;uav;?
ig_zifhoGif;vdk h0ifyghrvm;vdkhawmifxifae7wm wu<foGif;awmhvnf;0ifoGm;
wmyJ - - ×
<k<karmfuolrawGhc J h7onfht_zpfud ktarmwaumyifa_ymonf?
_r<rif;rSmawmh<k<karmfa_ymonfud krjum;wcsufjum;wcsuf|
rdrd_zpfysufaeyHkudk<k<karmfuteD;uyfjunfh@S lawGh_rifaeajumif;udk_r<rif;
odonf? od k haomfolrud kolr b<fvd kr Sxdef;Ed li f _cif;r@S dawmh? rdrd>
yg;pyfrSay:xGufvmonfh w^SmaZmawG_ynfhv# Haeaoma7@Gwfnnf;wGm;
o H r s m ; u d k _ r < r i f ; _ y e f j u m ; a e 7 on f ? < k < k a r m f v n f ;
onftoHawGud kjum;rSmygyJ?
rmvmwifrawmh apmufz kwfud ktm;yg;w7yif7ufay;aeonf?
rmvmwifu@Sm_zif hwcsuf7ufay;vd kufwd ki f; umrt7omonf_r<rif;>
wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k _ye f hE S H hv$r f ; _c H Konf? _r<rif;>xdawG hc Hpm;ae7aom
pdwfvSKyf@Sm;zG<faumif;vSonfhpnf;pdrfcsrf;omonfyd kI_rif hwufvmonf?
_r<rif;>aygifvHk;wkwfwkwfav;rsm;onfrmvmwif>acgif;ukdtwif;zd!SyfIxm;onf?
_r<rif;>a_czaemifhrsm;onfudk<fvHk;wD;_zpfaeaomrmvmwif>ausm_yifudk
xk@d kufuefausmufaerdonf?
34
_ r < r i f ; > a o G ; o m ; a w G q l y G u f a y g u f u G J v m on f ?
x d k a e mu f _ yn f h _ yn f h 0 0 ju D ;u d kwp f c s D Ø _ y D ; ×o G m ; 7 avawm hon f ?
tzkwfxJut7nfjunfawG 'va[myif<d d kp dr f htHxGufvmonf?
Ø tm ;y g ;y g ; - -t D ;[ D ;[ D ; - - aumi f ;v d ku fwm- -
7ufay;pr f ;y grmvm7J h- - ig htz kwfud ktm;7yg ;7juD ;7ufay;pr f ;y g ?
eifhukdvnf;ig_yef7ufay;yghr<f?- - trav;av;- -tm;-tm; xGufukef_yD-
- tm;<m;<m;- - tD;-tD;- - xGufukef_yD- -tm; ×
umrpnf ;p dr ftxGy ftxdy fo d k hwufvSr f ;a7muf@ S dv #u f Ø _y D ; ×
o G m ; avaomtc g _ r<ri f ;on ft7r f ;u d kv S K y f S @ S m ; aum hy s Hvmonf ?
ig;7H ht@Sifwpfaumif_ymvl;cHvd kuf7od krs d K ;?
vl;vGefhaumhysHaeavaom_r<rif;wpfa<mufcHwifatmifodkh_yKwfrusoGm;7avatmif
<k<karmfuyif0ifIxdef;ud ki fay;xm;7onf? onfvd ktawGhtjuHKrs d K ;ud k
olr>(14)ESpfwmoufwrf;twGif; _r<rif;wpfa<mufwpfjudrfr#rjuHKzl;
ao;yg? wpfudk<fvHk;zdef;@S def;umaoG;om;tajumtcsOfawGqlyGufukefatmif
t7omcHpm;vd kuf7wmyJ? avmujuD;ud kawmifc^r#arhoGm;7onf?
<ckrdr d _yKrlc J honfht_yKtrlonf obm0rusyJ npfnrf;onfh
tvkyf_zpfajumif;ud kodovdk cHpm;7onfht7omuvnf;tvGef htvGefud k
35
xl;uJvSajumif;udkvnf; _r<rif;0efcHrdonf? onfvdkrdef;rcsif;tzkwf7ufcH
7 a o m a ju m i f h c H p m ; 7 on f h u m r pn f ; p d r f t 7o mu d k vn f ;
_r<rif;>ql_zd K ;paoG;om;awGut_ywfud kp G JrufoGm;cJ havyg_yD?
tenf;i<f_i dr fus_y D ;r d Swfxm;aomrsufvH k ;rsm;z Gi f hvd kufaomtcg
olr>ab;em;c Hwifp Ge f ;wGi frmvmwifxd ki faeonfud k _r<rif; _ri f7onf?
rmvmwif>rsufESmrSmapmapmu tzkwf7ufay;cJ h7onfht@Sdef_zif heD_ref;um
a c È ;u av ; aw G p d k h a eon f ? r mv mwi fon f r su f r S e f o r m ; y g ?
acgif;udktomarmhv#ufrsufvHk;udktomarS;rdSwf_yD; touf_yif;_yif;@SLaeonf?
rmvmwifutawmfudkcspfp7maumif;wmyJ[k_r<rif;>pdwfxJr
Sjudwfum a_ymrdonf? <cifuvdkrmvmwifudkjunfhr7onfhpdwfrsdK;r@Sdawmh?
rmvmwifud k cspfvmrdav_yD?
_r<rif;onfrmvmwif>0wfvpfpvpfc÷mud k<fud kaoao
csmc smyi f junf hr donf? rmvmwif>7i fom;r sm ;onfr d k hr d k h0e f ;0e f ;E Si f h
t awm f av ;x G m ;on f ? t d k i f 7 i f ;u d k r r D S aom fvn f ; _ r<ri f ; E S i f h
<k<karmfwd k hxufawmh yd kjuD;onf?
E d k ho D ; ac gi f ;ucy fao;ao; ? ' gayr<f h awm fawm f@ Sn fonf ?
rmausm_yD;aumhcÈefae7m _r<rif;pdwfxifvufwqpfomomcefhyif@Sdayrnf?
36
@Sy fwd kufaom0rf;ysOfuawmh touf_yif;_yif;@SLaerS kajumif hydefvd kufazmif;
v d ku f _ zp f aeonf ? q D ;py fuvnf ;cy f @ S y f @ S y f ? ay gi fu d k ap hxm ;I
tz kw fu d k awm hr _ri f E d k i f ? q D ;py f @ S d apmu far $ ; E k e k av;r s m ;u d k awm h
aumif;p Gm_ri f7onf? _r<rif;>tzkwfuawmh tar$;raygufao;yg?
r d r d > t a r $ ; r @ S d y J a _ y m i f p i f a e a o m t z k w f a j u m i f h
_r<ri f ;@ Sufovd kvd k _zp fr dy gonf? rmvmwifwd k hv d k tar $ ;av;awG
aygufcsi faeyg_y D?
apmapmutirf;r7a_ymqdkcJ hrdonfhpum;rsm;udk_r<rif;_yeftrSwf
7aeonf? rmvmwif>tzkwfud k7ufay;7v#if- - [laomtawG;_zif h
@ Sufpdwf0ifum rsufESmuav;7JueJ_zpfonf?
xdktcsdefrSmyif<k<karmfu_r<rif;vufarmif;udktomqkyfudkifv#uf
- -
Ø v m a v[ m i g e J h v d k u f c J h p r f ; y g ?
OD;eJhrtdkif7if;vkyfaejuwmudkoGm;junfh7atmif? odyfjunfhvdk haumif;wm[?
wDcsma':xm;eJ hO D ;atmifxl;juD;vkyfwmxufyd kaumif;w<f? ×
_r<ri f ;onf<k<karm fq G Jx lonfud ktm; _y Kum c Hwi fay:r S
q i f ; v d k u f o n f ? a _ y a v s m h a e a o m x r D u d k y i f r o d r f ; r d ?
37
x d k a ju m i f h c Hw i f ab ;w G i f rw fww f 7 y fv d k u fon f E S i f h x r Don f
uGif;vH k ;yH kIuÈwfusoGm;onf?
_ r<ri f ;on fu Èw fu so G m ; aomxr Du d k aumu f< l 0w fqi f
raeawmh? olronf0wfvpfpvpf_zif htdrfxJwGif v#mufoGm;vd kp dwfrsm;
r jumc^_zp f ay : c J hon f ? <c kon ft d r fx J r S m awm h @ Su f p7mv l |
ajumuf7rnfhvnf;r@S d[k _r<rif;uowfrSwfonf?
rmvmwifESifh<k<karmfwdkhuolr>wpfudk<fvHk;udkr_rifcsiftqHkkk;_zpfcJhju_yD?
tdkif7if;rSmvnf;udk<fvHk;wD;cÈwfumtvdk;cHaeonfrdkhbmrS@Sufajumufaep7mrvdkawmh?
7efyd ki fp d k ;uaum - -
7efy d ki fp d k ;tae_zif hr dr dud kwpfjudr fr[kwfwpfjudr fvky fawmhr Smud k
_r<rif;taotcsmodonf? _r<rif;uvnf; 7efyd kifpd k ;vkyfwmcHjunfhcsif
ygonf? onfawmh7efyd kifpd k;udkvnf;@Sufp7mvl[k oabmxm;raeawmhyg?
xkdajumifh_r<rif;onfyHkv#ufom;usoGm;aomxrDav;udkonftwdkif;yifxm;cJhum
<k<karm fE Si f htwlvd kufoGm;onf? olrwd k haemufr Srmvmwifuvnf;
ud k<fvH k k ;wD;ESi f hyifvd kufygvmcJ honf?
r de f ;uav;oH k ;a<muf[m avSum;uae_y D ;txyfc d k ;ay:
wufvmcJ hjuw<f? <k<karmfuvrf;_yayg h? tay:xyfrSmtdyfcef;
38
ESpfck<SOfv#ufom;@S daew<f? <k<karmfunmzuftdyfcef;udkar;aigh_yw<f?
oH k ;a<mufom;nmbuftdy fce f ;em;od k ha _cz Gei f ; _y D ;tomwd k ;uyfoGm;ju
awmhwmygy J?
tcef;wHcg;uydwfraebl;? r[w[av;awmif_zpfaevd kufao;?
av#mufvSrf;csO f;uyfoGm;ae7if;td ki f7if;7J htoHwd k ;wd k ;av;ud k _r<rif;p_yD;
jum;vd kuf7w<f? oJoJuG JuG Jr[kwfwmajumif hbma_ymrSe f ;awmhrod
ygbl;? 'gayr<fhtoHuwdk;wd k ;wke fwke fav;eJ h7rufawG_ynf hv# Haewmud k
awmhodw<f? jum;rdwJ h _r<rif;7J hp dwfvnf; vSKyf@ Sm;p_yKvmwmayg h?
tcef;xJrSmrD;xGef;rxm;bl;? _yLwif;aygufudkvnf;ydwfxm;w<f?
tce f ;pnfvnf;c sxm;w<f? 'gajumi f htvif ;a7mi fody fraumi f ;bl ; ?
v H k ; v H k ; j u D ; a r S m i f a e w m a w m h r [ k w f y g b l ; a v ?
0d k ;w0g;tvif;a7mifav;awmh@ S dw<f 'gayr<f hppcsi f ;awmh_r<rif;wd k h
bmud kr SoJoJuG JuG Jr_rif7ao;bl;?
tJ- -rsufpdusifhom;7vmwJhtcgusawmhrSaumif;aumif;_rif7w<f?
tdk_rif7w<fqdkwmeJh_r<rif;wpfa<muf 7ifzd kvSdKufarmoGm;7awmhwmygyJ?
7e fy d k i f p d k ; e J ht d k i f 7i f ;w d k h E S p f a<muftm ;7y g ;7v d k ; ae juwmy gwum; ?
ESpfa<mufvH k;t0wfawGr@S djubl;?
39
ud k<fvH k ;w D ;yvmusi f ;vd k h ? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;utay:uvd k ;aew<f?
tk di f7if;uatmufu? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ucyfjurf;jurf;aqmif haqmif hvd k ;aeovdk
atmufutvd k ;c HaeavwJ ht d ki f7i f ;uvnf; wvl;vl ;wvGe f hv Ge f h e J h ?
Ad kvfu_ym;rav;7Jh_zL0if;a_zmifhpif;wJhaygifwefjuD;ESpfcku axmifvdk h?um;vdk h?
_ y J v d k h ? a p mu f z k w fx Ju d k v D ; a c s m i f ; ju D ; aq m i f h o G i f ; v d k u f ?
_ye fx kwfvd ku fe J hy<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;aewJ h7e fy d ki fp d k ;7 J hausm _yi f juD ;ud k
td ki f7if;uvufuav;ESpfbufeJ hrsm;awmifzufwG<fxm;vd kufavao;7J h?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ; e J h t d k i f 7 i f ; v d k ; a e j u w m u d k j u n f h 7 i f ;
_ r<ri f ;wp f a<mu fvn f ;umrp dw f aw GE d k ; jum ;wu f Ïuvmw<f ?
apmufzkwfxJuvSKyf@Sm;vmw<f? wpfud k<fvH k;vnf;xlxlylyl_zpfvd k h?
tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJrmvmwifu_r<rif;7J haemufem;ud k wd k;uyf
vmw<f? ol hvufawGuz@d kz7 J _zp faewJ h _r<rif ;7 J htuô satmufxJu
wdk;0ifvmw<f?tumtuG<ftpnf;taemifuif;rJhaewJhEdkhtHkawGudkqkyfudkifqkyf
e<fw<f? tdk- -_r<rif;av? juufoD;awGzsef;ueJxoGm;7w<f?odvm;?
Ø a<mu f s m ;v d k ;w m c H 7 7 i fvn f ; aumi f ;wmy J<ri f ; 7 J h ?
eifvnf;OD;vd k ;wmud kc Hjunfhayg h [kwfvm;? ×
40
rmvmwifu<rif;7 J hem;@ Gufem;ud kyg;pyfuyf_y D ;wd k ;wk d ;av;
a _ymw<f? a_ym7i f ;em ;@ Gu fz sm ;av;ud ktom@ Sme J h7u fay;v d ku fwm
_r<rifcrsm<m;usdus de J hwGe f hueJ_zpfoGm;w<f?
Ø tJ'DvD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJxd k;oGif;_yD;vd k ;wmudkeifrcHjunfhcsif
bl ;vm; × rmvmwifuxyfa_ym_ye fw<f? <rif ;7 J hp dwfxJuvnf;
tcktdkif7if;tvdk;cHovdkrsdK;cHjunfh77ifodyfaumif;rSmyJqdkwJhtawG;awGay:vm
ygawmhw<f?
41
tcef;(3)
_r<rif;onftdyfaysm fae7mrSvef hE d k ;vmonf? ylaEG;tdaxG;aom
aygi fvH k ; juD;wpfc kuolrud kxdv#uf@ S donfud k _r<rif;owd_yKr donf?
_ ywi f ; ay gu fw H c g ;u d k y dw fIce f ; pn f ; aw Gvn f ; c sxm ;aoma jumi f h
tcef;xJwGiftvif;a7mifcyf0g;0g;om@S daeonf?
tce f ;pnf ; jum;r Sawmufyaomaea7mi f _cnfud kawG hE d k i fonf?
r Ge f ;vG Jy d ki f ;tcs de favmufom@S drnf[kcef hr Se f ;7onf? _r<rif;onftom
rsufpdupm;junfh7molr>ab;em;wGiftdyfaysmfaeavaom<k<karmfudkawGh
7onf? <k<karmfrSmbmt0wftpm;rS0wfrxm;awmh?
_r<rif;onf<k<karmf>0wfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k ;ud kjunfhr donf?
xk daemuf_yD;c J honfht_zpftysufrsm;ud k _yefpOf;pm;rdonf? _ r < r i f ; |
<k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hoH k;a<mufonf tdkif7if;ba7mif;ESif h7efyd kifpd k ;wd k h
vd k ;aejuonfud k aumif;aumif;juD;awG h _rifc J hju7onf? Ad kvf fu_ym;r
av;ud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;c saeyH kud k junf h7i f ; olwd k hoH k k ;a<muf7rufp dwfawG
qla0wufjuGvmcJ hjuonf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vS Ky f@ Sm ;vky faqmi fy H kr sm ;onfq7mra':xm;7i fud k
42
v d k ; c J h o l u d k at m i fx l ;u J h o d k h @ k e f h 7 r f ; ju r f ;w r f ; _ c i f ; r @ S d y g ?
nifnifomomESif haumif;rGe f at;aq;onf? od k haomf7v'fawGuawmh
twlwlyif?
ud katmi fxl ;>@ ke f h7r f ; jurf ;wrf ; _y D ;t!Smtwmuif ;r J hv Saom
tvdk;taqmifhrsm;atmufwGifa':xm;7ifwpfa<mufw^SmaZmawGjuGum
umrt7omaumif;aumif;juD;cHpm;cJ h7ovdk 7efyd kifpk d ;>nifomat;aq;
a o m tv k d ; t a q m i f h r s m ; o n f t d k i f 7 i f ; b a 7 m i f ; u d k
umrpn f ;p d r ft _yn f ht0ju D ;c H pm ;apc J hon f ? t d k i f 7i f ;wp fa<muf
wtD;tD;wtm;tm;ESif hpnf;pdrf<pfrl;aeonfudkaoaocsmcsm_rifju7onf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;onfrde f ;rwpfa<mufud kw^SmaZmtxefjuD;xefv#uf
t@Sufuke fum umrt7omud kr de f ;r de f ;r l ;r l ;c Hpm;7atmifvky fay;Ed li fp Gr f ;
@ S dajumif;_r<rif;wd k h ud k<fwd ki fawG h _rifc J hju7onf?
onfaemu fw Gi fawm htm;v H k ;yi fv Gw fu ke f juavawm honf ?
_r<rif;wd k hoH k ;a<mufonf{nf hcef;em;@S dtdyfcef;av;od k h _yefvmjuonf?
<k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hESpfa<mufwpfa<mufudkwpfa<mufayG hzufum
yv l ; a e juon fu d k _ r< r i f ; u ab ; r S a e I ao aoc s m c s mu d k
xk difIjunfhaecJ honf?
43
Ø igwdkh_zpfysufcJhjuwmawGuigwdkhudk<fwdkifrsuf_rifudk<fawGhayr<fh
<HkEdkifp7mawmifr@Sdbl;? raehwpfaehuwkef;uqdk7if 'Dvdkrdef;uav;tcsif;csif;
y Gwfju|erf;ju|tzkwfEd S KufjuwmawGrs d K ;ud kp dwfawmif rul;rdc J hjubl;?
a< mu f s m ; e J h r d e f ; rv d k ; w< fq d k w mu d k vn f ; b m r S e f ; aw m i f
a 7 a 7 7 m 7 mo d c J h ju7wm r[ kw fb l ; ? a[m ' D a e h aw m ht m ;v H k ;
a_ymif;qefukefju_yD? ×
_r<rif;>pdwfxJrSwD;wd k ;a7@Gwfrdonf?
<k<karmfonfwpfcsufa<mif<rf;nnf;wGm;umcyfapmif;apmif;av;
tdyfae7mrS tomvdSr f hxGufoGm;7m yufvufpif;pif;av; _zpfoGm;onf?
<k<karmfrSm_r<rif;ESi f h@ G<fwl(14)ESpforD;om_zpfaomfvnf; tzkwfrSm
awm h a p mu f ar $ ; E k E k av ;r s m ; ay gu f p _ y K a e _ y D ? w@ kw fu _y m ; rr d k h
r[d krkef;"mwfyd krsm;umapmufar$;apmapmaygufavovm;awmhrodwwfyg?
<k<karmf>apmufar$;uav;rsm;onf wpfckESif hwpfckap;uyfIaejuonf?
r mv mw i f E S i f h t _ y e f tv S e f t z k w f 7u f a y ; p O f u t e f x G u f
cJ haomt7nfjunfrsm;acsmufuyfaerSKajumif h _zpfonf
< k< k a r m f E S i f h r mv mw i f w d k h E S p f a< mu f t i r f ; r 7 _ z i f h
wpfa<muftzkwfwpfa<muf7ufay;vdkufju| tzkwfcsif;uyfumyGwfju|
w p f a < m u f u d k w p f a < m u f a y G h z u f e r f ; @ S K y f j u _ z i f h
44
np f n r f ; y u f pu f p G m v k y f c J h j u y H k r s m ; u d k _ y e f p O f ; p m ; r d a w m h
_r<rif;>7ifxJvSKyf@Sm;um aygif7if;wGifvnf;<m;ovdkvdk_zpfvm7onf?
_ r < r i f ; on f r d r d > a y g i f j u m ; u k d _ y e f j un f h r d on f ?
aygifcsefwGifapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ayusefacsmufuyfaeonfukd owd_yKrdonf?
rmvmwi fE S i f h< k< karm fw d k h yv l ;ae juonfu k dte D ;uy f junf h @ S L7i f ;
r d r d>tz kw fu d k r d r d _ y e f y Gw f | apmu f ac g i f ;x Jvu f! d S K ;x d k ;xn f h |
apmufaphud k!SyfqG J po_zif hvkyfc J hy H krsm;ud k _yefowd7awmh _r<rif;>
r s u f E S m a v ; e D 7 J w G w f v mon f ? w p f _ y d K i f e u f x J r S m vn f ;
7rufaZmt[kefuEd k ;jum;p_yKvm_yD?
To d k h 7 r u f E d k ; j u m ; v m r S K a j u m i f h o l r > r d k h 0 e f ; p
Ed k htH kay:r SE d k hoD;acgi f ;av;rsm;aumhaxmifp lwufvmjuonf? <ckr Syi f
rdrdrSmvnf;t0wfryg| udk<fvHk;wD;_zifh@S daeajumif;udk_r<rif;owd_yKrdonf?
o n f t w d k i f ; u d k < f v H k ; w D ; j u D ; a e v d k h u a w m h r o i f h y g ?
xk dajumif h _r<rif;onft0wfawG_yef0wf7if;c Hwifatmufod k hqif;onf?
Ø i g o l w d k h e J h t w l ' D u d k v d k u f v m z d k h r o i f h b l ; ?
igpdwfigxdef;vd k h7rSmr[kwfbl;? olwkd hvkyfjuovdkigvnf;vd kufvkyfrdrSmyJ?
- - [dk OD;7efyd ki fp d k ;juD;vkyfwm udkvnf;igcHcsifcH7vdrf hr<f?- - tif;-
-?
45
c Hwi f a y : r Sqi f ; 7 i f ; _ r<ri f ;>p dw fx Jw G i f aw G ; r don f ?
c Hwi fatmi fo d k h a7mu faomtc g _r<ri f ;tz k d h _y\emwp fc k E S i f h
ju H K 7 avawm hon f ? o lw d k h c G sw f yp fxm ; c J h aomt0w ftpm ; aw G
wp f c k r S @ S m raw G h awm h ? tce f ;wp f ae7m7mr s m ; a7mu faervm ;[ k
vd kuf@Smjunfhrnft_yKwGi f tcef;xJodkhav#mufvSrf;0ifvmaoma_coHrsm;udk
jum;7onf?
xdkaemuf- -?
Ø ajomf- -orD;wd k hu'DrSmud k;? OD;_zif hvd kuf@Smvd kuf7wm- -? ×
pum;oHE Si f htwltcef ;xJod k h7e fy d ki fp d k ;av#mufvSr f ;0i fvmonf?
7e f y d k i f p d k ;on f c sn f y kq d k ; y g ; y g ;wp fxn fu d k c g ;w G i f pn f ;xm ;on f ?
tay:yd ki f ;wGi fbmrSr0wfxm;?
_r<rif;r Smud k<fvH k ;wD;_zpfae7rS KtwGuftawmfyiftaecufum
nmvufud k7i fbwfay:tky fwifum b<fvufz0g;ud kawmhaygi fjum;r S
tzkwfav;ud kz H k k ;tkyfxm;vd kufonf?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u _ r<r i f ;u d k w p f c su f jun f h _ y D ; _ y H K ; _ yon f ?
xd kaemuftcef ;xJod k hqufIav#muf0i fvmonf? wHcg ;aygufr Swd k ;0i f
46
v m a o m tv i f ; a 7 m i f u d k _ z w f t o G m ; w G i f _ r < r i f ; >
pdwfxJwGifcs DwH kcswH k _zpfaeonf?
<k<karmfuawmhw@kwfu_ym;rav;yDyD _r<rif;xufyd k7 Jonf?
cHwifay:wufvmaom7efyd kifpd k;teD;okd htom;csif;xdatmifwdk;uyfoGm;onf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;b<faer SmvJ? tem;od k hw d k ;uyfvmwJ hw@ kwfu_ym;
rav;ud kcyfy d ki fy d ki fy Jod ki f ;zufvd kufwmayg h? xd kod k hod ki f ;zufvd kufcs de fwGif
< k < k a r m f >u d k < f av ;on fqw fu e J w k e f v S K y f o G m ; on f u d k
_r<rif;owd_yKvd kufrdonf?
_r<ri f ;r S mvnf ;u d k< fw d k i ftzu fc H7wmr[kw fao;y gy J E S i f h
7ifxJ'de f ;ueJcke fonf?
Ø rmvmaum b<fa7mufaerSe f;rodbl; ×
< k < k a r m f u a r ; v d k u f o n f ? x d k o d k h a r ; 7 i f ;
7efyd ki fp d k ;>aygifay:od k hvufwpfbufud ktomwifvd kufonf?
Ø rmvmwi fvm; ? t d k i f7i f ;q Du d ko G m ;aew<f? [d k- -
td ki f7if;urmvmeJ hwpfa_ymif;wpfvJvkyfjunf hcsi fao;w<fav? - -
orD;wd k hem;vnf7J hvm;? ×
47
t d k i f 7 i f ; E S i f h r m v m w i f w d k h b m v k y f a e j u r n f u d k
_r<rif;csufcsi f ;yifodvd kufyg_y D? xd kod k hodvd kufonf htwGuf_r<rif;>
pdwftm@H krsm;Ed k ;jum;um tzkwfxJupd kp dp d _zpfvmonf?
7e fy d k i fp d k ;u<k<karm fu k do d k i f ;zufxm;7mr Svufud ktomatmufbuf
od k ha@ $ honf? xk dod k ha@ $ h7mwGi faumifrav;>ausm_yi fav;ud k cyf@ G@ G
av;rodromyGwfoyfoGm;onf? <k<karmf>7ifcke fvmonf? <k<karmf
>w i f y g ; v H k ; v H k ; u s p f u s p f av ;u d k to mvu f _ z i f h q k y f u m
cyfwif;wif;av;zspf!Spfvk dufonf?
Ø [if h- -OD;uvJ ×
< k < k a r m f u c y f ! k ! k a v ; a _ y m u m
7efyd kifpd k;>7ifcGifxJtomwdk;0ifonf? olr>tdxGm;aomnmbuf7ifom;u
7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufarmif;7if;ud kxdrdonf?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u o G < f 0 d k u f r a e a w m h ? w J h w d k ; y i f
cyf@Si f;@ Si f;a_ymcsvd kufavawmhonf?
Ø uJ- -OD;wk d hvnf;aysmfju7atmifvm;- - ×
48
Øay sm f × ju7atmi fqd konfr Sm Øvd k ; × juzd k ha _ym_ci f ; _zp fajumi f ;
<k<karmfa7m_r<rif;ygem;vnfjuonf?
a u m i f r a v ; E S p f a < mu f v H k ; r S m a o G ; q l u m 7 ru f
pdwfawGEd k;jum;aeonf_zpf7m 7efyd kifpd k;a_ymonfudk_iif;y<fvdkpdwfrsm;vHk;0
r@S dju? od k haom fq<fausm fouft@G<fcsmwdwfav;rsm;r k d h oabmwl
ajumif;wpfwpfcGcGxkwfa_ymzd k huvnf; ESKwfr7Jjuay?
_ r<ri f ; E S i f h< k< k ar m fw d k hwp f a<mu f r su f E S mwp f a<mu f
junfhvd kufjuonf?
Ø b<fvd kvJ orD;wd k h7 J h? OD;e J hwlwlraysmfcsi fjubl;vm; ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;uxyfar;onf?
onfaumifrav;ESp fa<mufud kr dr doabmusvd k ;I7Ed li fonfud k
7efyd kifpd k;odygonf? olwdk hav;awGub<fvdk_yefa_zrnfudkodvdkaomajumifh
xyfar;_cif;_zpfonf?
49
_r<rif;xufpmv#ifESKwfoGuf_yD;7J7Jwif;wif;@Sdaom <k<karmfuyif
_yefta_zay;onf?
Ø [d k- -[dk- - olrsm;wd k hud kO D ;uematmifjuifatmifawmh
rvkyfygbl;aemf ×
<k<karmfonfoli<fcsif;rsm;ESif hr[kwfv#if olrudk<folr Øolrsm;×
[ka_ymavh@S donf? <ck olrsm;wd k h[ka_ymvd kuf_cif;r Sm rdrdud k<fvnf;
xnfhuma_ym_cif;_zpfajumif;_r<rif;odonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;r SmwpfcsufawGoGm;onf? toufi<f@G<fvGef;vSaom
aumifrav;rsm;ud k vd k;7rSmvdyf_ymroef hovdk_zpfaeonf?
wpfbufwGif vd k;uvnf;t7rf;vd k ;csifaeonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;u<k<karmf>7ifom;wpfbufud kcyfomomav;
qkyfud ki fvd kufum- -
Ø or D ;w d k h t 7 r f ; tou f i< f juwmu d k O D ;o d y gw< f ?
'gajumifhorD;wdkhudkematmifjuifatmifrvkyfcsifygbl;? orD;wdkhaumif;aumif;
t7omawGhatmifomvkyfay;csifwmyg? pdwfcs [kwfvm; ×
50
a _ y ma _ y mq d kq d k y J 7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f < k< k ar m fu d k c Hwi f ay :
tomyufvufvSe fum vS Jody fvd kufonf? 'gud kjunf h7if ; _r<rif;r Sm
t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@Sm;vmonf? _yD;awmhqufvufIvnf;onftwdki f;7yf
raecsi f? bmvkyf7rnfrSe f ;rodaomajumif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h <k<karmf
wd k hud komrsufvH k;t0d ki f;om;ESif hjunfhaerdonf?
Ø t J [ d kw Hc g ; jum ;r S mc H k y k av;@ S dw< f ? or D ; c^<l _y D ;
x d k i f a e O D ; a y g h [ k w f v m ; ? p d w f u d k a t ; a t ; x m ; o r D ; 7 m ?
bmrSajumufp7mr@S dbl;? orD;vnf;aysm f7rSmayg h [kwfvm; ×
7 e f y d k i f p d k ;u _ r<ri f ;u d kv S r f ; jun f h _ y D ; aw m h a _ y mon f ?
ol>toHonfjui femr S Kr sm ;<Sufor f ;aeonf? a_ymy H kq d ky H kuvnf;
_ i i f _ i i f o mo m @ S d on f ? _ r<r i f ; >v S K y f @ S m ; a e ao m p d w fu d k
tawmfav;_idr foGm;aponf?
Ø [kwf [kwfuJ h - - OD; ×
_r<ri f ;uwd k ;w d k ;av;a_ymum wHc g ; jum;o d k ho Gm ; junf h7m
judrf_zif h _yKvkyfxm;aomckefy ky k0 d ki f ;0 d ki f ;av;ud kawG h7onf? _r<rifonf
xdkck Hav;udkqG J<lumxkdifcsvdkufonf? tcef;uodyfrus<fvSonfhtwGuf
51
_ r<r i f ;x d k i f on f h a e 7 m r Sq d kv # i f c Hw i f a y : @ S d< k< k a r m f E S i f h
7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h>vSKyf@Sm;rS krsm;ud k aumif;aumif;juD;_rifEd li f awGhEd li fygonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;u <k<karmf7J hE S kwfcrf;zl;z l;@ G@ Gav;awGud k zduyf_yD;
pkyferf;w<f? <k<karmfuvnf;@Suf@G H hraeygbl;? aemufwGef hraeygbl;?
7J7Jwif;wif;oGufoGufvufvufyJ 7efydkifpdk;udk_yeferf;w<fav? 'Dawmhyg;pyf
_ c i f ; x d u y f _ y D ; t _ y e f t v S e f p k y f < l a e j uw J h t o H a w G [ m
w_yGy f _y Gy fud k _rnfoGm;awmhwmygy J?
' Dv d kp ky fer f ;ae7i f ;7e fy d k i fp k d ;u<k<karm fay gi f jum;utzkwfud k
vu f 0 g ; e J ht k y f _ y D ; c y f @ G @ G av ;y Gw f ay ;w< f ? b< f e~ d kuwn f ;u
7rufp dw fawGxjuGaewJ hOp Pm? tc kvd ky Gw fay;vd ku fawm htz kwf[m
t7rf;udkazmif;wufvmwmaygh? t7nfawGvnf;@$rf;@$rf;pdkae_yD? <k<karmf[m
7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h7ifc Gi fxJrSmvl;umvGef hum_zpfaeygw<f? wufvd k ;r<fqd k7if
aumif;aumif;juD;vd k ;E d li f _y Dayg h?
' g a y r< f h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u wu f rv d k ; a o ; y g b l ; ? ' D v d k
wufrcsao;wm[mtajumif;E Sp fc k@ S daew<f? wpfc ku <k<karmfud k
^ S m a w G t 7 r f ; x e f v m a t m i f t _ y w f E S d K ; q G a y ; c s i f w < f ?
olb<fvd ky J!Sm_yD;vkyfvkyf <k<karmf7J htoufu t7rf;i<fwmqdkawmh
52
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53
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54
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_ y D ; a w m h < k < k a r m f 7 J h t a r $ ; E k E k a v ; a w G o m a y g u f a o ; w J h |
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55
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wmajumifh <k<karmftzdk hvnf;umr'Da7twufjuD;wufvmawmhwmaygh?
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56
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57
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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63
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7efy d ki fp d k ;uwwGwfwGwfa_ymaew<f?
64
<k<karm fvD ;p ky fay;wm tawmfc Hvd k haumif ;y gw<f?7e fy d ki fp d k ;
t z d k h t 7 o m a w G h w m uvn f ; t r S e f y g y J ? ' g a y r < f h
<k<karmf7J hapmufzkwfud kcscsifao;w<fav?
a [ m 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u< k < k a r m f 7 J h y g ; p y f x J u
olhvD;juD;ud kqG Jxkwf<lvd kuf_yD? v D ; p k y f 7wmu d kt _ yw fu d k c d ku f a e _ y D
_zpfwJ h<k<karmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k _zwfueJ harmhjunfhw<f?
Ø orD ;ud kwufvd k ;awmhrvd k hy guG? uJ yufvufvSe fvd kuf |
_yD;awmh'l;axmif_yD; aygifum;xm; ×
7efyd ki fp k d ;ua_ymvd kufw<f?
< k< k a r m fuvn f ;tv d k ; c H c s i f a e y gw< f ? 7 e f y d k i f p d k ;u
v d k ; a w m h r < f q d k a w m h a u s e y f o a b m u s o G m ; w m a y g h ?
c sufc si f ;y Jar G h<may:r SmyufvufvSe ft dy f _y D ; ' l ;av;E Sp fbufaxmi f |
ay g i fwe f _ z L _ z Lw kw fw kw f ju D ; e S p f c ku d k um ;ay ;xm ;v d ku fw< f ?
apmufz kw fuawmhaz gi f ; ju Gp d k@ $ J _y D ;aoG ;av;awGrp d k hwp d k h _zp faeav7J h ?
apmufzkwfav;u vdk;awmhr<fhvD;wefjuD;udkyGpdyGpdeJh iHhvifhjudKqdkaeav7Jh?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ;uw@ kw fu _ y m ; r av ; 7 J hu d k< f a y :wu f c Gv d ku fw< f ?
b< f avmu f r s m ; 7 Jwi f ;w J h< k< k a r m fvn f ;q d k 7 i f 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h
65
vD;juD ;ud kvufe J hq ky fu k di f _y D ;tz kwf0r Smud k qG Jawhay;vd ku fwmom
junfhawmh?
_r<rif;tonf;ud k<m;oGm;wmyJ? olhtvSnf hus7if' Dvd kvkyf7Jr Sm
r[kwfbl;vd k hvnf;awG;r dw<fav? aumifrav;u'Dvd kawhay;r Sawmh
tay:uieJom;vnf;b<faeEd lifawmhrSmvJ? vD;udkzdxd k;xnfhvdkufwmaygh?
Ø Aspf- -bGyf- - ×
vD;'pfjuD;apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0ifoGm;w<f?
Ø tm;yg;yg;- -OD;7<f ×
atmif hueJemayr<fh t7omtawGhxl;vSwmajumif h <k<karmf
wkefwcd kufcd kufeJ ha7@Gwfrdw<f?
7efyd ki fp d k ;uxyfzdcsawmh| vD;w0ufavmuf0ifvmw<f?
Ø tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<fOD;7<f _znf;_znf;oGif;aemf [ifh[ifh
×
66
emvdk hp kwfoyfnnf;ayr<fh toGif;7yfzd k hawmhrawmif;yefbl;aemf?
_znf;_znf;oGi f;z d k homa_ymwm?
7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf;ody frjurf;ygbl;? i<fi<fEkE kaumifrav;ud k
wufvd k ; aewmy J[m? ' Davmufawmhvnf;!Smr Say g h ? r[kwf7i f
aumifrav;vefhoGm;vdrfhr<f? b;ujunfhaewJh_r<rif;ygvefhoGm; 7ifawmh
ol hpm;aygufawGtukefydwf ukefrSmodaew<fav?
'gajumif hvD;ud kwxpfcsif;yJt omacsmhoGif;w<f?vD;wefjuD;u
usO f ; juy faew J h apmu fac gi f ; ay gu fav; xJu d kwt dt dw d k ;0i fw<f ?
awmuf? pD;yd ki faewmyJ?u s O f ; juy fv d k h a ewmy J ? a e mu fq H k ; awm h
vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ; aumifrav;7J hapmufacgif;xJud k0ifoGm;ygawmhw<f?
Ø or D ; a _ c axmu f aw Gu d k O D ; 7 J h c g ; a y : r S m juu f a _ ccw f _ y D ;
cs dwfxm;vd kuf- - ×
vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf 7efyd kifpk d ;a_ymoHuenf;enf;us<fw<f?
< k< k ar m fu d k a _ y mwm _ zp f ayr< f h _ r<ri f ;vn f ; jum ; apc s i fv d k h
wrifa_ymvd kufwmygyJ?
67
<k< k a r m fuvn f ; 7e f y d k i f p d k ; a _ y mw J htw d k i f ;v k y fw< f ?
a_caxmufawGud kaÕrmuf_yD;7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hcg;ay:rSm a_ccsif;0wfcsif;vdefcs dwf
xm;vd kufw<f?
7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u< k < k a r m f 7 J h u d k < f a y : a r S m u f c s w< f ?
7 i f c s i f ; t y f r d o G m ;w m a y g h ? vu f aw Gu d k at mu f zu fu k d y d k h _ y D ;
<k<karmf7 J hwifyg;vH k ;vH k ;usp fuspfav;awGud k yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fud ki fw<f?
u su s e et a etx m ; _ y i f _ y D ; w m e J h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u t m ; @ S d y g ; @ S d
aqmif hvd k ;awmhwmygyJ?
aqmi f h c su f aw Gutawm f _ yi f ;w< f ? _re fvn f ; _ re fw< f ?
tm;_yif; _yif;e J h _ref _refoGufoGufaqmif hvd k ;aewm? <k<karm f[m tckr S
yxr O D ;q H k ; t ju d r f d ptv d k ; c H b l ;w m _ z p f a y r< f h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h
aqmi f h c su f aw Gu d k r _ z K e fb l ; ? atmu fuae zi f ju D ;u d k awmi f
aumhyifvS ky fcgay;vd kufao;w<f?
Ø bGyfzGwfzkwfzwf- -bGyfzkwfzGwfzwf- - ×
Ø td k[if h[if h- -OD;7<f- - ×
68
Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- -tm;tif h- -bGyf ×
t m ; _ y i f ;o Gu fvu fv S aom aqmi f hv d k ; c su f r s m ;u d k c H 7 i f ;
<k<karmfwpfa<mufwpfcs D _y D;wpfcs DqufIØ_yD;× aeonf?
_ r<ri f ;x d k i f a e aomae7mr Sq d kv # i f v D ; E S i f h a p mu f z kw f
wdk h>taetxm;udkxif@Sm;pGmr_rifEd lif? tay:rSzifa_ymifjuD;wvSkyfvSkyfESif h
vd k ;aerS KE Si f h atmufrSzif_zL_zLjuD;w<rf;<rf;ESi f htvd k;c Haeonfud kom
awG hE d li fonf?
xdkajumif h _r<rif;onf cHwifa_c7if;od k hc ke fy kav;ud ka_ymif;um
junfhonf? Tae7mod k ha_ymif;vd kuf Rr S _rifuGif;uyd kIaumif;vmonf?
apmuf7nfjunfawG@$ Jp d kum ta7mifa_ymifvufaeonfhvD;acsmif;juD;
apmufacgif;xJ wdk;0if_yefxGufaeonfud k twdki f;om;_rif7onf?
'gwifb<furSmvJ?
7efyd ki fp d k ;u<k<karmf7J hzif0ud k vuf!S d K ;xdyfe J hukwf_cpfxd k ;qG_yD;
uv d a y ; a ew mu d k y g ao aoc s m c s m _ r i f 7w m ? _ r<r i f ;vn f ;
u d k < f h t z k w f x J u d k v u f ! S d K ; e J h _ y e f _ y D ; x k d ; u v d r d w < f ?
zif0ud kvnf;xd k;uvday;rvd k hygyJ? 'gayr<fhvufur7Jao;bl;?
69
' ga jumi f h 7e f y d k i f p d k ; e J h< k< karm fw d k hv d k ; aeaqm f ae juwmu d k
aoaoc s m c s m jun f h 7 i f ; tz kw fx Ju d kvu f! S d K ; e J h t _ yw fu d k
xk d ;ar$uvdaeawmhwmygyJ?
t J aemufqH k ;r Smawmh 7e fy d ki fp d k ;[m<k<karm f7 J hapmufz kwf
xJudkokwf7nfyspfyspfcGs JcGs JawGyef;xkwfay;vdkuf_yD; _idrfusoGm;ygawmhw<f?
<k<karmf[mvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;okwfv$wfaecs de fr Sm wpfcs Dxyf Ø_yD;×oGm;7
wma jumi f h zi f ju D ;u d k aum h axmi f a _ r mu f ju Gwu fvmwmy g y J ?
aumhyifhvdkufwJhtm;b<favmufawmif_yif;ovJqdk7if tay:uxyf7ufom;
_zpfaewJ h7efy d ki fp d k ;yga_rmufwufoGm;wJ htxdyJ?
onfaemufawmh ESpfa<mufom;_idr fusoGm;ygw<f?
pwkwÔyd kif;ar#mfyg?
1
q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;(4)
7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf tm;7yg;7umr
pyf<Sufju_yD;aemuf armyef;oGm;[ef_zif h wpfa<mufudkwpfa<muf
zuf_yD; tdyfarmusoGm;juonf?
_r<rif;rSmwpfa<mufwnf;aigifaigifjuD;usefaeonf? t_yif
od k hxGufjunfh7efpdwful;7onf?t0wftpm;awGudkvd kuf@Smaomfvnf;
rawGh? (olwd k h>t0wftpm;awGtm;vH k ;uk d rmvmwifu0Sufxm;
ajumif; aemufrS_r<rif;od7onf? )
xd kajumif h _r<rif;onfud k<fvH k ;wD;_zif hyif tcef;xJrSxGuf
vmcJ honf? {nfhcef;xJwGifrnfolr#r@S d? wdwfqdwfaeonf?
_r<rif;onftxyfcd k;ay:odk htomwufvmcJ honf? txyfcd k;
>nmbuftcef;xJwGif rmvmwifESif htdkif7if;wdk hESpfa<muf@SdaejurSef;
_r<rif;odonf?
rde f;uav;ESpfa<muf Ø yvl; × aejuovm;? 'grSr[kwf
2
tm;7atmif Ø yvl; × _yD;tdyfarmusaejuovm;awmh_r<rif;rod?
_r<rif;onf td ki f7if;ESi f hrmvmwifwd k hxHod k hvnf;roGm;vd k?
x d k a jumi f htxy fc d k ;>b<fbuftce f ;x Jo d k htom0i fvmc J honf
xdktcef;rSmvnf;tdyfcef;wpfcef;_zpfonf? tawmfvnf;us<f0ef;onf
_yD;awmhtcef;xJwGif ESpfa<muftdyfcHwifjuD;wpfck@S daeonf? bm
twGuf onftcef;xJwGifrSESpfa<muftdyfcHwifjuD;@S daeonfudkawmh
_r<rif;rodyg?
arG h<muawmhcif;rxm;? cHwifay:wGifarG h<monfvdyfv#uf
om; @S daeonf? _r<rif;uvdyfxm;aomarG h<mudktom_zef hcif;vd kuf
onf? arG h<mvdyfxJwGif arG h<mcif;| acgif;tH k ;ponfrsm;ud kawG h7
onf?
_r<rif;utdyf<mudkususeecif;onf? _yD;awmharG h<may:
wGif f tomvJavsmif;tdyfcsvd kufonf? [dk[d konfonfa7mufwwf
7m7mawG;7if;arS;ueJtdyfaysmfoGm;7m wpH kwa<muf>ykwfES d k ;vd kufrS k
3
_zif h vef hE d k ;vmcJ honf?
Ø a[h- -<rif;| bmajumif honfrSmvm_yD;wpfa<muf
wnf;tdyfae7wmvJ? tvum;oufouftdyf_yD;awmhrsm; tcsde fawG
_zKe f;rypfvd kufprf;yge J h? tckqd k7iftcdse fuodyfud kwefzd k ;@ S daewm[?
juHKawmif hjuHKcJrSm tm;7atmifompdwfvGwfudk<fvGufaysmfypfvd kuf
prf;yg? ×
cyftkyftkyfa_ymvd kufonfhpum;oHud kvnf; _r<rif;jum;7
onf? _r<rif;onfrd SwfaeaomrsufvHk;rsm;udkzGif hjunfhvd kuf7m olr
ud kE S d k ;olrSm rmvmwif_zpfaeajumif;awG h7avawmhonf?
rmvmwifonf_yH K;pprsufESmab;_zif h _r<rif;ud kjunfhonf?
olhvufwpfbufu_r<rif;>0pfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k;ud k tomyifyGwf
oyfaeonf? xdkod k hy GwfoyfrS lonfnifnifomomav;_zpfaomfvnf;
_r<rif;udkpdwfvSkyf@Sm;Ed k;juGvmatmifawmh aumif;aumif;juD;zefwD;
onf?
4
_ r<ri f ; _ i d r f aer S e f ;o donfw Gi f rmvmwi fuwqi f hu Jvmonf ?
_r<rif;>ab;wGiftwl<SOfumvJStdyfcsvmonf? tdyfcs7mwGifvnf;
yl;yl;uyfuyf_zpfatmif wrif_yKonf?
_r<ri f ;onfrmvmwi f>r de f ;rc si f ;c si f ;yv l ;wwfonf h
tu si f hu d k oabmraw G h ao ; aom fvn f ; on ftv ky fon f
pufqkyf@G H@ SmzG<f_zpfonfvd k hawmh rcH<lawmhyg? rmvmwiftay:
w Gi fvn f ;<ci fuv d k rE S p f r s d K hon f h p dw f aw Go dy f rr s m ; awm h ?
rmvmwifud kvd kvm;oabmusonfrs d K ;awmhr[kwfay?
rmvmwifonf _r<ri f ;>0r f ;y sO fom;E kE kt dt dav;rsm ;ud k
tomyGwfoyfonf? yGwfaeaomvufrsm;onfaygifjum;qDodk h wa@Gh
a@G hqif;vmonf?
Ø onfae7mrSmigwd k hawG hju7wmuawmht7rf;yJ[m? 'Dvd k
rs d K ;awG_zpfvmvdrfr<fvd k h igawmifrxifrdbl;? 'Davmufaysm fp7m
aumif;r<fvd k hvnf; rwGufxm;bl;? ×
5
rmvmwifu pum;a_ym7if;vufud kvnf;atmufod k htom
a@G hvsm;ae7m pum;qHk;onfESif hrmvmwif>vufz0g;u _r<rif;>
aygifjum;od k ha7muf@S dvmonf?
_ r<ri f ;>ay g i fwe f E S p fbu ftv d ktavsmu fyi fum ;x Gu fo G m ;
onf? rddrd>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfudkrmvmwifpdwfwdkif;usyGwfvdkyGwf
ud ki fvd kud ki f _yKEd li f7efzGi f hay;vd kufonfhoabmyif?
rmvmwifu_r<rif;>tar$;yifraygufao;aomapmufzkwf
uav;ay:odk h vufz0g;_zif htomt<myGwfoyfay;onf? apmufzkwf
av;onf rmvmwif>vufz0g;atmufwGifazmif;juGwufvmonf?
_r<rif;>@Suf@G H hovdkvdk_zpfaeaompdwfrsm;onfvnf;avsmhyg;vmonf
rmvmwif>tudki ftwG<ftyGwftoyfuk dE Sp foufvmonf?
Ø eifub<fvd kvkyf_yD; [d k- -[dk- -rdef;uav;tcsif;csif;
- -'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfwwfvmwmvJ[if ×
_r<rif;ut7JpGef hIyifar;vd kufrdonf?
6
tysd Kaygufrav;rd k hpyfpkvd kp dwfuvnf;@S dao;onf?
rmvmwifucsufcsif;ta_zray;? _r<rif;>apmufaphav;udk
om vufr_zif htomyGwfay;onf? apmufaphav;axmifwufvm
onf?
_ r<ri f ;on ftz kw fu d k y Gw f ay ;aeaomrmvmwi f>vufz s Hu k d
tomudki fvd kuf_yD;- - -?
Ø a_ymprf;ygrmvm7J h? eifb<fvd kvkyf_yD;'grs d K ;awGem;vnf
uÈrf;usifae7wmvJ? igodcsifvd k har;wmyg[m? b<foludkrS_yefra_ym
bl;? pdwfcs- - ×
Ø eifES lwfvH kygapaemf <rif; ×
Ø td k- -pdwfcs? b<folud kr S _yefra_ym_ybl;? v#d K h0 Suf_yD;
xm;r<f ×
G
7
Ø tif;- - -igq<fhoH k ;E Sp forD;t@G<fuyJ 'grs d K ;awGpod
vmcJ hwmayg h ×
rmvmwifupum;ponf? _r<rif;onfrmvmwif>pum;
rsm;udk7ifzd kpGmem;pGif honf? rmvmwifonfawmfawmfESif hpum;rquf?
a_ym7rSmtawmf0efav;ovdkrs d K ; | @Sufaeovdkrs d K ; _zpfaeonf?
rmvmwi fu d ktm ;ay ;onf hoabmr s d K ; _ zi f h _ r<ri f ;utomvSr f ;
zufonf? vSr f ;zufvd kufaomvufu rmvmwif>rd k h0e f ;aom
7ifom;wpfckud k tdueJxdrdonf? Todk hxdrdonfhtcs de fwGif_r<rif;
rSm "mwfvdkufcH7ovdkrs d K;qwfueJwGef hoGm;onf? wpfudk<fvHk;vnf;
ylxlzde f ;@ S de f ;oGm;onf?
rmvmwifa7m| rdrdyg t0wfrygyvmudk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfaeju
onfqdk_cif;ud k _r<rif;uarhaeovdkvd k _zpfaeonf? <ckrmvmwif
> t0wfuif;rJ haom7ifom;qd ki fud kqwfueJxdrdavaomtcgwGifrS
xd kt_zpfud kowd7um pdwfvS ky f@ Sm;oGm;cJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
8
rmvmwi fuo lr>7i fom ;wbufu d ku d k i fxm ;on f h _ r<ri f ;>
vufud ki H k h junf honf? rsufr Se fatmuf@ S drmvmwif>rsufvH k ;r sm;
ta7mifvufumawmufyvmonfud k _r<rif;owd_yKrdonf?
_r<rif;onfrmvmwif>7ifom;ud kud ki fr donf hr dr dvufud k
_yef@kyfodrf;z<fypfzd k hpdwful;rdao;onf? odk haomfcsufcsif;yifxdkpdwful;
yaysmufoGm;onf? rdrdudk<frdrdtm;ay;7if; qkyfudkifrdaomrmvmwif
>Ed k htH kud k tomav;yGwfonf? e<fonf?
rmvmwifonf_r<rif;ud k@ Suf_y H K ;av;wpfcsuf_y H K ;junfh _y D ;
aemuf pum;uk dqufavawmhonf?
Ø igwd k hausmif;u um<enf;_yq7mrwDcsmaemfaq;azmud k
eifodw<fr[kwfvm; ×
Ø [m- -odwmayg h[J h- - -×
_r<rif;wd k hausmif;rSvlwd kif;yif um<enf;_yq7mraemfaq;
azmud kodjuonf? aemfaq;azmonf_zL_zLacsmacsm| t7yf_rif h _rif h |
9
ud k< fv H k ;tvGe fv Sonf ? tu<fIr<fa@ G ;y G J r s m ;@ S d rn fq d ky gu
r<fArmoH k;xyfuGrf;avmufyif7Ed li fonf?
Ø at;- -wDcsmaemfaq;azmeJ hige J ht7rf;7if;ED S ;juwm? ig7J h
trwpfa<muf| a':av;wpfa<mufvd ky J? olupê<m;vnf;wD;
wwfwmqdkawmh igol hqDrSmpê<m;wD;oifao;w<fav? olu igh
wpfa<mufwnf;ud ky Joyfoyfoifay;wm? pê<m;twD;oifae7if;
ig hausmbufuae ig hud k<fud kod ki f;_yD;vufawGhcvkwfawGud k _yavh@S d
w<f? tpuawmhigvnf;owdrxm;r dy gbl ;? tJ aemufawmh
onfvdktcgrs d K;rSm olhEd k htH kjuD;awGuighausmukef;ud k t_ywfxdrdw<f
qdkwm7<f| olh'l;acgif;awGu ighwifyg;udkrodromeJh!Syf!Syfvmw<f
qd kwm7<fud k odvmw<f?
tprSmawmh ig hr Sm@Sufvnf;@Suf| ajumufvnf;ajumufrd
wmaygh? onfvdkeJ hwaehawmh ighvuf_yifenf;enf;atmif hovdk_zpfwm
udk xkwfa_ymrdawmh wDcsmaemfaq;azgu ighycke f;ud ktomES dy fay;
w<f? ES dy fw<fqd kayr<f ht7rf ;tajumud kE S dy fwmrs d K ;r[kwfbl;?
vufacsmif;uav;awGeJ hcyf@G@ Gav;ud ki fay;wm? td k- -ig h7ifxJrSm
wrsd K;juD;yJ[<f? b<fvdk_zpfaerSef;atmifrodEd li favmufatmifygyJ?
10
wDcsmuyd kE S dy fvd k haumif ;atmifqd k _y D ;i g0wfxm;wJ htuô s7 J htay:qH k ;
us<foD;ESp fvH k ; _zKwfypfwmud kvnf; igbmrSra_ymrdbl;? _yD;awmh
wDcsm7J hvufawGutusôatmufud kv# d K0ifvmw<f?- - -
'Daemufawmhb<fvkdawG_zpf_yD; wDcsmaemfaq;azgubmvkyf
vk dufovJrodygbl;? ig0wfxm;wJhtusôus<foD;awGtukefuÈwfukef
wJht_yif twGif;cH@SifrD;tusôav;vJtay:udkvefwufoGm;awmhwmyg
y J?
aoaocsmcsmESdyfay;Ed lifatmifqdk_yD; wDcsmuighudkolhtdyfcef;xJ
ac:oGm;w<f? ×
rmvmwifonfyg ;py fr Sa _ym7i f ; _r<ri f ;>tzkwfud kvnf ;
tomt<myifyGwfay;aeonf? apmufzkwftuGJajumif;wav#muf
vuf!S d k ;x dy fz sm ;av; _zi f htomt<my GwfqG Jonf? _r<ri f ;r S m
ouf_yi f ;av;awGwcscs | vH k ;usp faomwifyg ;qH kuav;wjuGjuG
_zpfaeonf?
Ø tdyfcef;xJa7mufawmhwDcsmuighudkcHwifay:arSmuf7ufav;
11
wifw<f? _yD;awmhig hausmudktomyGwfay;w<f? cg;udkaoaocsmcsm
ES dyf7atmifqdk_yD; xrDudka7m atmufcHydwfvHkuGif;udk kygqGJcÈwfw<f?
onfaemufrSmawmh - -olyGwfwmoyfwm| ud ki fwmwG<fwm| erf;
wm@S ky fwm| xd k;wmES d kufwmawGud k ig hr Sm7ifwzk dz d ke J hc H7awmhwmygyJ
[m- -ody fvnf ;c Hv d k h aumi f ;w<f? t7r f ;u d kt7om@ S dwmy J ?
rdef;uav;tcsif;csif;onfvdkrs d K;t7om@S datmifvkyfay;Ed lifvdrf hr<fvdk h
igxifud krxifrdc J hbl;? ×
rmvmwifonfpum;ud k7yfem;vd kufonf?
o lr>E d k ht H k ay:t ky fu d ki fxm;aom_r<ri f ;>vufav;ud k
tomyifatmufod k hqG J<lonf? _r<rif;>vufonfrmvmwif>
Ed k htH kud kvGwfoGm;um atmufod k hav#mqif;usvmonf?
7c d ki frav;rmvmwifbmud kv d kc si faeajumi f ; _r<ri f ;7 dy fr donf?
_r<ri f ;taeE Si f hon fr #avmufawm hvuf7 JZu f7 Jrv ky f0 H h ao; ?
xd kajumif hrmvmwifqG Jcs<lrS Kud ktomawmif hIcHonf? _r<rif;>
vufonfrmvmwif>0rf;yd kuftv<fyd ki f ;avmufwGifom 7yfonf
12
atmufod k hqufra@G hvsm;awmh?
rmvmwifu_r<rif;>apmufaphud kvufr_zif hcyfoGufoGuf
yGwfacsay;onf? xkdr#omruapmufzkwfxdyf0udkvuf!SdK;xdyfzsm;_zif h
tomxkd;ar$ukwf_cpfay;vd kufao;onf?
_r<rif;7ifz k darm[d kufvmonf? awmif hc HE d li fp Gr f ;r@S dawmh?
_r<rif;>vufonfvnf;atmufbufod k htoma@G havsmusvmonf?
Ø vkyfyg<rif;7<f- -udki fvd kufprf;ygaemf- - ×
rmvmwifu_r<rif;ud kcyfwd k;wd k;av;a_ymonf? a_ym7if;u
_r<rif;>yg;rd k hr d k hav;ud k@ $wfueJerf;vd kufao;onf? _r<rif;>vuf
rsm;urmvmwif>qD;cke fr Saygufumptar$;EkEkav;rsm;ud k xdrdoGm;
c s d e fw Gi fr de f ;uav;E Sp fa<mufvH k ;ouf _yi f ;u d k< fp D@ S Lr d juonf?
Ø tom- - tkyfud ki fvd kufav[<f ×
rmvmwifuxyfa_ymonf? _r<rif;vnf;wH k hqd ki f;raeawmh
13
yJ rmvmwif>aygifjum;rSapmufzkwfud kvuf_zif htomtkyfud kifvd kuf
onf? aEG;axG;azgif;tdaeaomtzkwf>xdawGhrS Ku _r<rif;qd konfh
aumifrav;ud k 7ifzk darmoGm;aponf?
rmvmwifu_r<rif;>tzkwfud kqufyGwfoyfuvday;7if;u
Ø eif htzkwfud k ig7ufay;7rvm; - - ×
rmvmwif>'J h' d k ;juD;a_ymcsvd kufrS Kajumif h _r<rif;rSmvef h
ovkd_zpfoGm;onf? odk haomf7efyd kifpd k;u<k<karmfudktzkwf7ufay;pOfu
<k<karm fwpfa<muf_zp fysufaey H kud k _ye fvnf_ri fa<mifvmum
olrudk<fwd ki fvnf;xd kod k haomtawGhtm@H krs d K ;c Hpm;vd kvmonf?
Ø tif;- -tif;- -7ufay; ×
7ru fp dw f _ zi f h _ r<ri f ;on fac g i f ;n dw fumoabmw lv d ku f av
onf?
14
rmvmwifonfyufvuftdy fae7mr Sc sufc si f ;xxd ki fonf?
_r<rif;onf rmvmwiftzkwf7ufay;Ed li f7efaygifrsm;ud ktvdkufoif h
um;ay;vd kufonf?
od k haomfrmvmwifu_r<rif;>tzkwfud kr7ufay;? olr>
7ifom;wbufud k r<rif;>yg;pyfem;od k htomwdk;uyfay;vd kuf_yD;-
Ø ighEd k hud kpd k hay;prf;yg <rif;7<f? eifEd k hp d k hay;wmudkcHjunfhcsif
wmjumvSyg_yD? ×
tvGefyifpdwfvSKyf@Sm;um 7rufpdwfawGqla0aeaomcsmwdwf
rav;rSm _iif;y<fzd k h7myifrpOf;pm;Ed li fawmh? _r<rif;onfacgif;av;
armhum yg;pyfav;ud k[ay;onf?
rmvmwifunmbufEd k ht H kud ky g ;py fxJod k hxd k ;xnf hay;onf?
_r<rif;onftm;7yg;7yifpkyfay;vdkufonf? Edk htH kw0ufcef hyif_r<rif;
yg;pyfxJod k h0ifonf?
_r<rif;Ed k hpd k hay;rSKuodyfawmhpepfrusyg? 'gayr<fhrmvmwif
15
udkawmht_ywfud kc d kufoGm;aponf?
Ø tm;yg;yg;- -<rif;7<f- -td k pkyf- -pkyfyg? Ed k hoD;ud k
@ SmeJ h7ufay; trav;av; aumif;vd kufwm- - ×
rmvmwifrSmwkefwcd kufck duf_zpfIoGm;onf? rmvmwifrae
Ed li fawmh? _r<rif;>tzkwfud kodyf7ufcsifae_yD?
rmvmwi fon f _r<ri f ;>u d k< fatmu fy d k i f ;bu fu d ktomu ke f ;
_yD; ae7ma_ymif;vd kufw<f? rmvmwif7J hrsufrSe fu_r<rif;7J hqD;pyf
ud k xdrdawmhat;ovdkvd ke J h<m;usdus d _zpf7w<f?
Ø [if h- -rmvmuvJuG<f- -td k ×
_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;7<fav? yg;pyfuvJcyfoJ hoJ hav;
nnf;vd k h? aygifwefESpfacsmif;uvnf; tvdkvd ky Jum;xGufoGm;w<f?
rmvmwif7J hacgif;u_r<rif;aygifjum;ukda7mufvm_yD? _r<
rif;[m tzkwf7ufcH7awmhr<fhtcsdefudk7ifwzdkzd keJ hapmif hvifhaerdw<f
16
t7ufrcHao;cifuawmif'Davmuf7ifzd karmae77if wu<fvd k hrsm;
7ufvd kufwJ htcg b<fvd kaerSmvJ?
a[m- -rmvmwifu_r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfESKwfcrf;om;qlql
azmif;azmif;av;awGud k@ SmeJ h7ufae_yD?
t d k- -_r<ri f ;tz kw fxJr Smav? t7r f ;u d kv S Ky f@ S m ; _y D ;
t7nfjunfawGpd kxGufvmawmhwmygyJ?
Ø tm;[if h[if h- -td ktd k- -b<fvd kvJrmvm7<f-[if h[if h ×
_r<rif;c_rm wnnf;nnf;wnLnL| wvl;vl;wvGef hvGef h
_zpfvd k haeyg_y D?
Ø a[h- -orD;wd k hcsnf;yJvkyfraejueJ hav? OD;vnf;ygrSm
ayg h ×
cyfjojotoHwpfck@ kwfw7ufay;vmw<f?
17
aumifrav;ESpfa<mufvH k;vef f hoGm;juwmayg h? rmvmwif
[m _r<rif;aygifjum;ucsufcsif;z<fcGm_yD;ab;ud kxGufoGm;w<f?
aumif;aewkef;rSm7yfoGm;7wmajumif h _r<rif;rSmawmhqef h
wiH hi H h _zpf_y D;usefc J hwmayg h?
_r<rif;acgif;ay:armfjunfhvdkufawmh tdyfcef;wHcg;0rSm7yfae
wJh 7efyd kifpd k;udkawGh7w<f? 7efyd kifpd k;u_r<rif;wdk hud k_yHK;ppeJ hjunfhae
w<f?
_r<rif;t7rf;ud krsufESmyloGm;w<f? 7efyd ki fpd k ;ud krsufESmcsif;
qd ki fzd k hawmifr7Jawmhbl;? 'gajumif h _r<rif;[mrsufESmud k vuf0g;eJ h
t ky f _y D ; acgi f ;i H k hxm;vd ku fr dw<f? _zp fE d li fr<fqd k7i f' Dae7mr Sm
taiG h _zpf_y D ;aysmufoGm;csi fyg7J h?
tcef;xJudkav#mufvSrf;0ifvmwJh7efyd kifpk d;7J ha_coHudk _r<rif;
jum;7w<f? aemufawmhcHwifodrf hueJvSKyfoGm;wmudkvnf;odvd kuf
w<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;c Hwifay:a7mufvmae_yD?
_r<rif;7ifawGw'dwf' dwfc ke fw<f?
18
Ø _znf;_znf hayg horD;7m td k- -b<foGm;rvd k hvJuG? orD;
a@Smifay;p7mrvd kygbl;? 'DrSmyJaeEd li fygw<f? OD;u a[m'Du<rif;
av;ud k yd k _y D;aysm fvmatmifvkyfay;rvd k hyguG ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hpum;oHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?
_y D ;awmhol h7i fom;i H kz l ;pav;awGtay:7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvufawG
tky fwifqky fud ki fvmwmud kvnf; odvd kuf7_ye fw<f? _r<rif ;
wud k<fvH k ;qwfueJwke foGm;w<f?
Ø rajumufyge J horD;7? OD;uorD;ud kematmifjuifatmif
bmrSrvkyfygbl;? tzkwfudk@SmeJ h7ufay;wmxufyd k_yD;aumif;wJht7om
cHpm;7atmifvkyfay;rvd k hyg? pdwfat;at;omxm; [kwfvm; ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;u nifnifomomav;a_ymw<f?
_r<rif;tawmfav;ajumufvef hoGm;w<f? tysd Kaygufav;
r[kwfvm;? _yD;awmh_r<rif;u<k<karmfwd k hvd kvnf; a<musfm;av;
awGeJ h7if;7if;ED S ;E D S ;a_ymqd kaexd ki fc J hwmvnf;r[kwfbl;? rSwfrSwf77
19
a<musfm;av;oli<fcsif;qd kvd k hol7de fwpfa<mufyJ@S dw<f?
'gajumif ha<musfm;juD;wpfa<muf7J hE d k htudki fc H7wm| tayG h
tzufcH7wmudk t7rf;ud kajumufoGm;wmayg h?
_r<ri f ;utwif ;u d k@ ke f ;ue fx Gu fz d k hu k d ju d K ;pm ;@ S mw<f?
'gayr<f hb<f7Ed li fr SmvJ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;uwtm;oefw<f? _y D ;awmh
rdef;uav;awG7J htxmudkvnf;uÈrf;w<f?
'Dawmh_r<rif;@kef;xGufroGm;Edlifatmif ydkifyd kifEd lifEd lifeJ hat;at;
aq;aq;yJcs Ky fud ki fE d li fygw<f?
wu<fawmh tysd K@k di f;pdwfeJ hom@kef;rdwmyg? _r<rif;taeeJ h
wu<f@ke f;uefxGufa_y;csifp dwfr@S dc J hygbl;?
ykZGe fqdwfuav;b<fvd ki<f| yifv<ful;wwfw<f- -
qd kw J hpum;vd k touf(14)E Sp ft@ G< ftys d Kay gu fpav;yi fr<f h |
_r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGuEdk;jum;aeyg_yD? umrt7omudkcHpm;wwfae
_yD? cHpm;csifaeyg_yD?
20
'gajumif hxdwfvef hajumuf@G H hwJ hpdwf[m [kef;ueJ@kwfw7uf
ay:vmovdk| csufcsif;yJ_yefaysmufoGm;ygw<f?
_r<rif;[m 7efyd kifpd k ;7J htyGwftoyftudkiftwG<fatmufrSm
_i dr f _y D ;aysm husoGm;yg_y D?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;uol hud kbmvky fawmhr<fqd kwmvnf; _r<rif ;
aumif;aumif;juD;odaeyg_yD? 'Dvdkodwmajumif hvnf;_r<rif;yd k7ifckef
7w<f? aoG;om;awGyd kqlyGufvmw<f? yd k _y D;7rufaZmawGjuGvm
w<fvd k h a_ym7rSmayg h?
Ø 'Dvd kvdrRmrSayg horD;7J h? bmrSpdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;ygeJ h? OD;uorD;
ud k at;at;aq;aq;eJ hpnf;pdrfcHpm;apcsifwmyguG<f- -uav;udk
remjuifapcsifygbl; ×
Tpum;rsm;a_ym_yD;wmeJ h 7efy d ki fp d k ;[m_r<rif;ab;em;rSm
tomuyf_yD;vS Jtdyfvd kufw<f?
21
_r<rif;[mrsufvHk;av;udktomarS;zGif h _yD; 7efyd kifpd k ;7J haygif;cG
jum;ud kc d k ;junfhvd kufw<f? td k ; ol hvD;juD;uawmifrSrawmifyJ?
acGaysmhusaewm? 'gudk_rifvdkuf7wmajumifh_r<rif;7ifxJrSmpdwfysuf
ovdkvd k _zpfoGm;w<f?
'DudpPrs d K ;awGtajumif;ud ktckem7Dyd ki f ;twGif;rSmyJ _r<rif;
rsufpde J h _rifawG hc J h7wJ htawG htjuHKutrsm;juD;y Jav? vD;wefjuD;
rwfrwfawmi faer Svd k ;v d k h7w<fqd kwmud kvnf; odaeyg _y Daem f ?
'gajumif h7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD;aysm haewmud k _rif_y D;
p dwfysufoGm;7wmayg h?
7e fy d k i fp d k ;u_r<ri f ;7 J h ausm _yi fu d ktomvuf0 g ;e J hoy fv d ku fw<f
_r<rif;7ifwodrf hodrf hwkef _y D; juufoD;zkav;awGxoGm;7w<f?
_r<rif;[mtpuawmh7efyd ki fp k d ;7 J hvD;ud kc d k ;junfhwmygyJ?
wpfcsufjunfh_y D;rsufpd_yefr d Swfypfr<fvd k hvnf; pdwful;xm;w<f?
rwfrwfjuD;awmifaewmr[kwfayr<fh vD;juD;uqGJaqmifrS kawmh
t@S dom;?
22
_r<rif;7J hrsufvHk;[mvD;qDuaecGmvdk hr7bl;? cyfarS;arS;av;
vkyfxm;wJ hrsufvH k ;awmif _yL;us<f0d ki f ;pufvmwJ htxdvD;juD;ud k
pl;pd kufjunfhaerdw< f?
Ø OD;7J hvD;juD;ud kvufeJ hqkyfud ki fjunfhprf;yg orD;7J h? bmrS
ajumufraeygeJ h? 'DvD;juD;uorD;ud k avmupnf;pdr ft_ynf hc Hpm;7
atmifvkyfay;r<fh vD;juD;yg? ×
7e fy d ki fp d k ;u_r<ri f ;7 J h em ;@ Gu fem;uyg _y D ;cy fw d k ;w d k ;av;a_ymw<f
'Dpum;oHawGu_r<rif;ud k!S d K h<lvd kufovdkyJ? _r<rif;7J hO D;aESmufxJ
u v#dK h0 Sufcvkwfwpfckckud kz Gi f hay;vd kufovdkyJ?
_r<rif;[mcyfwd k ;wd k ;nnf;oHav;wpfcsuf_yKvd kuf_yD; nm
bufvufuav;[m cyf_znf;_znf;qef hxGufoGm;w<f? aemufawmh
7efyd ki fp d k ;7J haygifjum;uvD;juD;ud ktomukdi fjunfhrdw<f?
7efyd kifpd k;7J hvD;uta_ctaewpfrs d K;a_ymif;ae_yD? _r<rif;pawGh
umpwkef;uvdk acGacGaysmhaysmhr[kwfawmhbl;? oHacsmif;vd krwfrwf
juD;rmawmifrvmao;ayr<fh enf;enf;awmhtouf0ifvm_yDav?
23
cyfaysmhaysmhr[kwfawmhyJ rawmifhwawmif_zpfvm_yD? qkyfudkifvdkuf
wJ h _r<rif;7J hvufz0g;[m vD;wefjuD;txJuaoG;w'dwf'dwfwd k;ae
wmudkawmif xdawGhcHpm;ae7w<f? tJ'DxdawGhcHpm;7rSK[m_r<rif;
wpfudk<fvHk;udkpdrfh0if_yefhES H h_yD;tajumaygif;wpfaxmifpdrfhoGm;apygw<f?
Ø a[h- -7cdkifr? 'Dudkvmprf;? eifholi<fcsif;udk0dkif;ulay;×
7efyd ki fp d k ;urmvmwifud kvSrf;a_ymw<f?
avoHurmovdk a_ymvd kufyH kuvnf;eif heif hoD;oD;e J h? bmyJ
_zpf_zpfrmvmwifud k' Dvd ka_ymwmqdkwmrs d K ;uk dawmh _r<rif;oabm
rusEd li fygbl;? pdwfraumif;_zpfrdygw<f?
'gayr<fhrmvmwifua@S hud kwd k ;vm_yD;oleJ htwlwlvD;juD;ud k
qkyfud ki fvmwJhtcgrSmawmh _r<rif;[mtm;wuf0rf;omvmrdw<f?
taz:7vm_yDud k;- - -?
Ø at;- -'Dvd kr Sayg h- -[kwf_yD? wpfckpOf;pm;rdw<f?
7cd ki frud k tvkyfcd ki f ;7r<f? ×
24
7efyd ki fp d k ;7J htoHucyfwd k;wd k ;av;_yef_zpfoGm;w<f? 'gayr<fh
rmausm_ywfom;rS kuawmht_ynfhygaew<f? 'DtoHudkjum;vdkuf7wJh
tcg rde f ;uav;ESp fa<muf[mtvd kvd kae7if ;ajumufvmovd ky J?
rmvmwifud k7efyd ki fp d k ;bmrsm;vkyfcd ki f ;rvk d hygvdrf h?
7efyd kifpd k;u rmvmwif7J hvnf~kwfudkvufwbufeJhtkyfudkif_yD;
wGef;vd kufw<f? rmvmwifrSm@kwfw7ufrd k hbmrSrwwfEd li f? 7efyd ki fpd k ;
>aygif7if;bufod k hrsufESmtyf7ufom;vJusw<f?
Ø eifurdef;rcsif;tzkwf7ufay;wmwdk hbmwdk hodyf0goemygwm
qdkawmh- -tzkwfud komruyJa<musfm;vD;ud kygpkyfc d ki f ;junfhapcsif
wm- -uJ- -vkyfav ×
7efyd kifpd k;onfTpum;rsm;a_ym7if;rmvmwif>rsufESmudk olh
aygifjum;wGufqG JyGwfaeonf? rmvmwifonfcyfoJ hoJ hav;nnf;oH
_yKonf? odkhaomfb<fvdkrSawmh_iif;qef@kef;uef_cif;r@Sd? vD;udkqkyfudkif
xm;onfh_r<rif;>vufacsmif;rsm;ud k rmvmwif> ES kwfcrf;rsm;u
xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrdonf?
25
7efyd kifpd k;onfrmvmwif>ESkwfcrf;udkvD;xdyf_zif hawhum yGwf
_ye fonf? vD;xdy fr SxGufaeaomt7nfjunfwpufrmvmwif>
rsufrSe fay:usI ayusefoGm;onf?
Ø orD;uvnf;OD;7J hvD;ud ktomyGwfay;av?'grSvD;juD;awmif
vm_yD; orD;ud kvkyfay;Ed li fr Sm ×
7efyd kifpd k;u 7cdkifrav;rmvmwifudktkyfudkifaqmhupm;ae7if;
_r<rif;ud ka_ymvd kufao;onf?
_r<ri f ;ud ka _ymvd ku fonf htoHuawmhni fni fomomyg?
acsmharmhonfht7dyfta<mifawGygonf?
Tvdi fwe f ju D ;r d r d>apmu fz kw fx Jx d k ;xn f h awm hrn f hta7 ;u d k
awG;um _r<rif;rSmt7rf;ud kpdwfvSkyf@Sm;aerdonf? ajumufovdkvd k
vnf;_zpfaeonf? 7rufvnf;xefonf? tzkwfxJuvnf;<m;vm
onf?
26
_r<rif ;tae_zi f h jud Kufonf_zp fap| rjud Kufonf_zp fap
olr> Ør× obm0aoG;om;awGuawmh umrpyf<SufrS KtwGuf
Ed k ;jum;umtoif h@ S dae_yD?
Ø awmuf- -aumif;vd kufwm7cd ki fr7m? uJ yg;pyfav;
[_yD;a~G;tkawGud k 7ufay;vd kufprf;ygtH k ; ×
a_yma_ymqd kqd kyif7efyd ki fp d k ;urmvmwif>acgif;ud k atmuf
bufod k hy d kusatmifqG JE S dy fz dcsvd kufonfud k _r<rif; _ri fvd kuf7onf?
xd kaemuf@Sm_zif h7ufay;onfh w_yyf_yyftoHawGud k _r<rif;jum;7
onf?
rmvmwi fwp fa<muf7e fy d k i f p d k ; apc d k i f ;on f htwd k i f ;v ky f aqmi f
ay;ae_yD_zpfajumif;udkvnf;odum tvdkvdkae7if;tonf;<m;ovdkvdk
bmvdkvk d _zpfonf?
7efyd ki fpd k ;onfrmvmwifuk dpdwfwd kif;usapcd ki f;_yD;aemuf _r<
rif;bufod k h Õrm;OD;vSnf h _yefonf?
27
_r<rif;rSm<ckqd kv#if 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kajumufovdkyif_zpfvm
onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;urmvmwifud kwif ;wif;rmrm_zi f hol hp dwfwd ki f ;us
vkyfaqmifay;7efa_ymqd kapcd ki f ;c J honfuk d
_r<rif;rsuf_rif_zpfcJ h7onf
r dr dtae _zi f hvnf ;7e fy d k i f p d k ;>vd kti fqêr sm ;u d k _ ii f ;y< fE d l i f p Gr f ;
r@S dajumif;ud kvnf; _r<rif;odonf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;apcd ki f;or#vkyfaqmif
ay;7rnfom?
Tajumu fve f h p dw fu _r<ri f ;>E d k ; jum ;aeaom7ru faZmu d k
t7omwpfrs d K ;xyf _znf hay;ovd k _zp fonf? _r<rif ;wpfud k<fvH k ;
xl;_cm;av;yifaom7rufqêawGv$rf;ys H hIvmonf?
tzkwftwGif ;bufwGi fxl;xl;_cm;_cm;ud kvS Ky f@ Sm;<m;<Hvm
onf? xdkvSKyf@Sm;rS kud ka_yaysmufatmifvkyfay;Ed lifonfrSm 7efyd kifpd k;>
vD;om@S dajumif;ud kvnf;_r<rif;odygonf?
28
7efy d ki fp d k ;onfrmvmwiftay:wGify d ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f ;@ S doavmuf|
_r<rif;ud kawmhnifnifomomESif hjuifjuifemem_yKrlonf?
rmvmwi fuo l>a~ G ; Ow G J r s m ;u d k y g p k y f ay ;7u fay ;7wmu d k c H< l
7if; 7efyd ki fp d k ;onfcsmwdwfrav;_r<rif;>udk<fud ktomt<myGwf
oyfud ki fwG<fonf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;utomukef; _y D ;E d k hoD;av;rsm;ud kp d k hay;vd kufcs de fwGi f
_r<rif;rSmtouf@SLyd k _refvmonf?
7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f _r<ri f ;>ql _z d K ; r d k h 0e f ; p7i ft H kom ;E kE knufnuf
av;rsm;ud kyg;pyf_zif h t_ynfhi H kp ky fay;vd kufao;onf?
7efy d ki fp d k ;>nmvufuawmh_r<rif;aygi fjum;ud ka7mufvm
onf? apmufz kw ft0ud kvuf!S d K ; _zi f htomt<my Gwfay;onf?
apmufap hud kawmhvufr_zi f hcy fjurf ;jurf ;yi fz dy Gwfonf? tom
apmufacgif;xJod k hvuf!S d k ;ud kxd k ;xnfhjunfh7m tysd KarS;ud kprf;rdxdrd
onf?
29
<k<karmfwke f ;uoifcef;pm7xm;aomajumif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;u
owd_zifhvSKyf@Sm;onf? tysdKarS;udkprf;rdonfESif hvuf!Sd k;udkapmufacgif;
dxJr S _yefxkwfonf?
_r<ri f ;>tys d Ktar S ;y g ;u d kawm hvuf!S d k ; _zi f hx d k ;r dp kw f _y Jo Gm ;ap
onfht_zpfrs d K ;rvd kvm;yg?
ol hvD;juD;ESi f hususeeudkxk d ;azmufypf7rnf?
Ø b<fvd kvJorD;- -OD;vkyfay;aewmudk oabmus7J hvm;
- -a_ymavuG<f- -oabmusygw<fvd k h ×
7e fy d k i fp d k ;uE d k h p d k h ay ;ae7mr Stomc Gm _y D ; _r<ri f ;u d kcy fw d k ;w d k ;av;
a_ymonf? _r<rif;rSm@SufaoG;zse f;um rsufESmav;eD7JoGm;onf?
tys d Kaygufuav;yJ[m? 'Dvd ktar;cH7wmrs d K ;awmh@Sufwmayg h?
@Sufom@Sufaew<f? 7efydkifpdk;ar;wmudkawmhra_zyJ raeEdlifbl;
rw f aw m i f p _ y K a e _ y D _ z p fw J h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; 7 J h v D ;w e f ju D ;u d k
vufz0g;eJ hqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfay;7if; _r<rif;[mtoHwkefwkef7if7if
uav;eJ h cyfwd k ;wd k ; _yefa_zvd kufw<f?
30
Ø [kwf- -[kwfuJ hO D ;- -orD;oabmusygw<f@Si f h- -×
tpyd ki f;wGifomwkef7iftm;aysmhaeonf? a_ym7if;uyd k7Jwif;
vmum avoHrSefrSe f _zif hqufvufI
Ø[d k- -[dk- -[dk'if;_yK7if yd kaumif;rSmyJaemf? OD;uorD;ud k
- -[dk- -[dk- -[dk'if;- - - ×
Ø bm[dk'if;vJorD;7- -OD;ud k@SufaeygeJ huGm? a_ymp7m@S dwm
ud k aoaocsmcsma_ymvd kufprf;yg? ×
7e fy d k i fp d k ;7 J htoHu_r<ri f ;7i fx Ju d k eufeuf juD ;p l ;0i f _y D ;
ESvH k;ud kqwfqwfckefoGm;apw<f? _r<rif;[mvD;wefjuD;udkcyfwif;
wif;qkyfud ki fr dw<f? _yD;awmhrS- - -
Ø orD;ud k- -vd k;r<f- -r[kwfvm;[if ×
Todk hnpfnrf;aompum;vH k ;ud koH k ;uma_ymxkwfvd kufonf h
rdr dtoHud k _yefjum;7aomtcg _r<rif;tawmfav;yifwkefvS ky foGm;
31
rdonf?
Tpum;vH k ;ud koH k ;E S Ke f ;a_ymqd kvd kufcs de fwGi f wpfud k<fvH k ;
juufoD;wzsef;zsef;xatmif_zpfoGm;7onfhtwGufvnf; ydkIxdwfvefh
tHhjordonf?
Ø[m orD;ud kO D ;ut7rf;vd k ;csi faewmayg huG orD;t7ifu
wpfcgrStvdk;rcH7ao;bl;r[kwfvm;? orD;apmufzkwfxJrSm tysd K
tarS;yg;u 'Dtwdki f;@ S daeao;w<f? ×
Todk ha_ym7if;7efyd ki fp d k ;onfvuf!S d k ;ud kowdxm;um apmuf
zkwfxJok d hcy fa_z;a_z;av;xd k ;oGi f ;onf? pyf<Suf7mtacgi f ;ayguf
tv<fruswuswGiftkyfumv#uf@S donfh tys d KtarS;yg;ud kvuf!S d k ;
xdyfuxdrdonfESif h csufcsif;7yfonf?
tys d Ktar S ;y g ;E Si f hvuf!S d k ;x dy fx dr daeonfud k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;
wpfa<mufwnf;omr[kwf? _r<rif;ygodonf?
Ø [if htif;- -wpfcgrSrcHzl;ao;ygbl;? [dkav- -odyfem
rSmvm; OD;7<f td k- -[if h[if h OD; ×
32
7e fy d k i fp d k ;uapmufap hav;ud kvufr _zi f h z dy Gw fay;v d ku f _ye fonf h
twGuf pum;tqHk;wGif_r<rif;a7@Gwfnnf;!lrdonf?
x d k ht _yi f7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvuf! S d k ;u d ktomav;tenf ;i< fx d k ;v d ku f
7m tysd KtarS;yg;wif;ueJ_zpfoGm;onfud kvnf;_r<rif;wpfa<muf
wnf; at;atmifcHpm;7onf?
Ø r[kwfwm- -orD;7<f? OD;u orD;ud kematmifb<f
vkyfyg hrvJvd k h? tpyd ki f;r Smawmhenfenf;av;emvdrf hr<f? 'gayr<fh
aemufyd ki f ;us7if t7omuodyfaumif;wmrd k h emwmudkorD;arhoGm;
rSmyg? tm;yg;yg;- -w<faumif;ygvm;- -[if; ×
rmvmwif>a~G;O7ufay;aerS ku t7omawGhvSaomajumif h
7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfyg;pyfr Sa_ymqd ka7@Gwf7if; a~G;Ouke f ;7ufay;aeonfh
rmvmwif>acgif;rSqHyifwd kuav;rsm;ud k vuf_zif hy Gwfoyfonf?
_r<rif;onf7efyd kifpd k ;>vD;wefjuD;udkqkyfud kifum ~Gif;wd kuf
ay;ovdkyGwfoyfay;aeonfhrdrdvufacsmif;rsm;tjum;rSaeI atmuf
bufod k htomacsmif;junfhvd kuf7m rmvmwif>ESKwfcrf;v$mESpfc ku
33
a~G;OwG JvG JjuD;wpfckvH k ;ud ktkyfumpkyfay;vd kufonfud k _rif7onf?
x d k aemu fy g ;py fx Jr S _ye fx Gu fvmaoma~ G ; O ju D ;u d k rmvmwi fu
@SmESi f h7pfywf7ufay;wm_rif7_yefonf? _yGwfueJyspfueJtoHrsm;ud k
vnf;jum;7onf?
T_ri fu G i f ; E S i f hto Hr s m ;u _r<ri f ;w G i f aemu fq H k ;u s e f aeao;
onfh @SufpdwfESi f hajumufvef hp dwfrsm;ud karmif;xkwfypfvd kufonf?
_r<rif; r@Sufawmh?
_r<rif; rajumufawmh?
w^Smxefum t_ywfud k7 Jwif;vm_yD?
_r<ri f ;onfv D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;u d kvuf _zi f hwi f ; juy fp G mq ky fv d ku f
7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;u Ø tm;- -t7rf;rvkyfe J hav orD;7J h a~G;wufoGm;
vdrf hr<f × [kyifa_ym<l7onf?
34
Ø orD;uvnf; tvdk;c Hz d k htoif h@ S dae_yDr[kwfvm; orD;
tzkwfuazgi f ; _y D ; t7nfawG@ $ Jaewmud kjunf hav? 'Dvd k _zp fwm
tvdk;cHz d k htoif h@ S dae_yDqd kwJ hoabmayg h ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;uqufa_ymonf? wpfwpfcGcGa_ymaompum;rsm;
_zpfaomfvnf;_r<rif;rSm @Suf@G H hxdwfvef h _cif;r@S dawmh?
em;axmif7wmud kyifwpfrs d K ;oabmusaeavao;>?
Ø uJ- -orD;ud k OD;wufvd k;awmhr<faemf ×
Ø [kwfuJhOD;- -orD;b<fvdkaeay;7rSmvJ[if- -_yay;aemf×
Ø yufvufyJ tdyfaeyguG<f ×
Todk ha_ym_yD;7efyd ki fp d k ;u tomxxdki fonf? _r<rif;url
yufvufpif;pif;uav;tdyfae7if; 7efyd ki fp d k ;bmqufvkyfrnfenf;[k
aoaocsmcsmvd kufjunfhonf?
35
apmapmu<k<karmfudk 7efyd kifpd k;wufvdk;cJ honfrsm;udk_yef_rif
a<mifonf? <k<karmfvd kyJrdrd>wifyg;atmuf acgif;tH k;ckavOD;rnf
vm;[kvnf; awG;onf?
7efyd kifpd k;u_r<rif;>aygifjum;wGiftom'l;axmufum ae7m
<lonf? _r<rif;>aygifwefav;ESpfacsmif;ud k olhaygifjuD;rsm;ay:odk h
tomcG Jumwifonf?
_r<rif;aygi fum;oGm;_y D?
od k haomtzkwfuawmh_yJtmxGufrvmyg? tysd Kaygufav;>
wpfcgr#tvdk;rcHbl;ao;aomtzkwfrd k h tzkwfESKwfcrf;om;awGu_yJtm
raeyg? rd k hazmi f ;aomtzkwf>tv<faumifwGi f r[w[tuG J
ajumif;ae7mav;om_zpfIaeonf?
rmvmwifonfab;apmif;vJavsmif;um vd k ;juawmhrnf h
7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h _r<rif;wd k hp H kwG Jud kjunfhaeonf?
36
aoaocsmcsmpl;p d kufjunfhaeonfhtwGuf rsufrSe faemufrS
rsufvH k ;rsm;onf_yL;us<f0d k ki f ;pufvmovdkxif7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>
a~G;Orsm;udk7ufay; pkyfay;cJ h7rSKajumifh rmvmwif>yg;pyfESif hES lwfcrf;
rsm;wGif wHawG;rsm;pd kaeonf? rsufESmuvnf;tenf;i<feD_ref;I
aeonf?
7efyd ki fpd k ;uolhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k_r<rif;>tzkwf0wGif tom
awhaxmufvdkufonf?
apmufzkwfwGift7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ JIae7m p d k p Gw f a E G ; ax G ;
aom xdawGhr S Ktm@H kud kc Hpm;7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>wpfud k<fvH k;z de f;ueJ
@ S de f ;ueJ _zp fonf? onfvd kc Hpm;7onf htwGuf _r<rif ;qd konf h
csmwdwfr>apmufzkwfonftawGhtxdaumif;um vdk;ItvGefaumif;
rnf_zpfajumif; 7efyd ki fp d k ;em;vnfvd kufonf?
Ø td k- - ×
ylaEG;rmajumaomfvnf; El;nH honfhvD;xdyfzsm;tzkwf0wnfh
37
wnfhwGi f awhaxmufvmonfhtcg _r<rif;>ES Kwfzsm;r Sa7@Gwf
nnf;wGm;oHav;wpfcsufay:xGuf>
xdkaemuf7efyd ki fp d k ;ucyf_znf;_znf;_zpfaomfvnf; yd ki fE d li fp Gm
zdoGif;vmonfud kc Hpm;7onfhtcg _r<rif;tzd k h7ifzd karm[d kufv#uf
wpfud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwkef7ifvm7onf?
xd k h _yif apmufzkwfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfrsm;onfvnf; yd kI
<d kp dr f hxGufvmonf? 'pfzl;juD;tzkwfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmonf? vD;'pf
juD;>zdtm;ajumif h tzkwf0onf[oGm;onf? usOf;usOf;juyfjuyf
_zp faomfvnf; apmuf7nfjunfysp fcÈ Jc È Jr sm;> aus;Z l ;ajumi f h
'pf_yJvefjuD;onftzkwfxJod k h acsmueJyifwd k ;0ifvmonf?
Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -OD;7<f- -[if h ×
_r<rif;pkwfoyfumnnf;vd kufrdonf?
Ø odyfemoGm;ovm; orD;- - ×
7efyd ki fpd k ;uqufroGif;ao;yJ tom7yfae_yD;ar;onf? xdkod k h
38
ar;7if; _r<rif;>nmbufyg;rd k hr d k hav;ud knifompGmerf;onf?
_r<rif;rsufESmav;7JueJ_zpfonf?
tzkwfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;wmudkr@SufajumufEd li fy J bmajumif h
yg;erf;onfhtcgwGifrS 7ifzd kum@SufaoG;zsef;oGm;7wmvJ? rodwwf
ygbl;?
Ø 'Dvd kqd kqufoGif;r<faemf ×
Ø [kwfuJ hO D ;- - ×
Ø t7rf;em7ifa_ymaemf- -×
Ø [kwfuJ hO D ;- - ×
7efyd kifpd k;uvD;udktomav;qufoGif;w<f? nifnifomomrS
wu<fhud knifnifomomuav;? vD;acsmif;juD;[m tzkwfxJud k
w_znf;_znf;csi f ;wd k ; _y D ;0i faew<f?
39
_r<ri f ;tz d k h awm h7i fz d k _y D ;7i f ;z d k aewmy Jav?wp fu d k< fv H k ;vnf ;
b<fvd k_zpfukefw<frodawmhygbl;? juufoD;awGxwm| touf@SL
vd k hr0awmhwm| xlxlylyl_zpfvmwm| td k trs d K ;ud kp H kvd k hayg h?
vD;uw_znf;_znf;csif;wd k ;0ifvmw<fqd kayr<fh _r<rif;7J h
apmufzkwfutar$;awmifraygufao;wJhwu<fhud kEkEkxGwfxGwfav;
r[kwfvm;? usOf;usOf;av;r[kwfvm;?
'Dawmhb<fvd ky J _zpf_zpf emawmhemwmayg h? atmif hvnf;
atmif hwmayg h?
'gayr<fh_r<rif;uatmif hc Hw<f? vHk;0rnnf;bl;? atmuf
WE S Kwfcrf;ud koGm;eJ hwif;wif;ud kuf_yD;awmhud k judwfcHwm?
7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvnf ;v D ;u d kw_znf ; _zn f ;c si f ;y Jqufz do Gi f ;aew<f?
touf 14 ESpft@G<faumifrav;7J hapmufzkwfacgif;usOf;usOf;juyf
juyfav;u olhvD;ud kzspf!Spfaewmudkvnf; t7omcHw<fav?
40
'Dvd ke J hvD;uapmufzkwfxJud ktawmfav;0ifoGm;w<f?
v D ;x dy fz s m ;uapmu fac gi f ;x Jr S mz H k ;t ky fxm ;w J hty s d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k
oGm;xdrdwJ htcgrSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;uc^qdkif;vd kufw<f?
_r<rif;uarS;pif;aewJhrsufvHk;av;awGudktm;<lzGif h_yD; 7efyd kif
p d k ;ud k armfjunfhw<f?
Ø oGif;avOD;- -bmvdk h7yfvd kuf7wmvJ ×
' Dv d ka _ym7i f ; _r<ri f ;u' l ;av;awGud ka Õrmuf _y D ;ay gi fwe f _z d K ; _z d K ;
awGud ky d kum;ay;w<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J hvnfyif;ud kvnf;vufESpfbufeJ h
cyfwif;wif;od ki f ;zufvd kufw<f?
Ø OD ;- -zd _y D ;xd k ;xnf hr<faem f? 'Dvd kxd k ;c svd kufwJ htcg
orD;uvnf; zifud ktomaumhay;vd kuf- -[kwfvm; ×
41
Ø [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -OD; ×
7efyd ki fpd k ;ucg;tm;udkoH k;_yD;vD;ud kqwfueJzdcsw<f? _r<rif;
uvnf;
7efyd ki fp d k ;oif_yxm;wJ htwd ki f;zifjuD;ud kaumhyif hay;vd kufw<f?
wu<fawmh7efy d ki fp k d ;utys d KtarS;yg;uk dxd k ;azgufoGm;@H kwif
vD;ud kwpfvuRavmufyJzdcszd k h 7nf@G<fxm;wmyg?
' g ayr< f h _ r<ri f ;urwwfwwwfe J h zi f ju D ;u d kt7r f ; aum hwi f
ay;vd kufwmqdkawmh ta_ctaeuwpfrs d K ;a_ymif;oGm;w<f?
yxrqH k ;vD ;ac smi f ; juD ;utys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud kp kw f _y Jx GufoGm ;atmi f
ud k t_ywfxd k;azgufypfvd kufw<f?
Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f OD;7<f ×
tysdKtarS;yg;pkwf_yJoGm;wJh'^fudkawmh _r<rif;judwfrcHEd li f
42
awmhbl;? emwmt_yif tzkwftacgif;xJwif;ueJ| tdueJ| _idrf hueJ
_zpfoGm;7wmajumif h xl;_cm;qef;opfwJ ht7omud kvnf; cHpm;7
wmud k;?
' Dawmh_r<rif;atmf[pfnnf;!lvd kufwmrSm emwmtwGuf
a7m| aumif;wJ htwGufyg a7maew<fvd k hqd k7vdrf hr<f?
_yD;awmh_r<rif;u'l;awGaygifawGaxmifxm;7mu 7efyd kifpd k;7J h
cg;ud ka_caxmufeJ hzd!Syf_yD; zifjuD;ud kt_ywfaumhwifay;vdkufwmqdk
awmh vD;0ifvrfajumif;uvnf;t_ywfyGif hoGm;w<fav?
' gajumi f h7e fy d k i fp d k ;utomcs de f _y D ;z dqoGi f ;v d ku fayr<f h _r<ri f ;
u zifjuD;t7rf;aumhyif hwifvd kufwmajumif h vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;
apmufacgi f;aygufxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;awmhwmygyJ?
Ø zGwf- -zkwf- - ×
av0i f ay gu f r@ S d awm h atmi fu d kt _yw fto dy f _ yn f hv # Ho G m ;wm
ajumif h vD;0ifoHucyfoJ hoJ hcyfwd k ;wd k ;av;yJ_rnfw<f?
43
Ø td k- -[if h[if h- -0ifoGm;_yD- -tm; 0ifoGm;_yD ×
_r<rif;7ifxJt7rf;zd karm_yD; yg;pyfuvnf;wwGwfwGwfeJ h
a7@Gwfa_ymqd kr dw<f?
aum hyi f hxm ;w J h zi f ju D ;vnf ;atmufu d k _ ye fu so Gm ;w<f ?' Dtc g
rSm tqHk;0ifaewJhvD;wefuoHk;vufravmuft_yif_yefxGufvmw<f
'gayr<fh c^av;yg?
7e fy d k i fp d k ;uvnf ; _r<ri f ;u d k< fay:tvd ku foi f hxy f7ufom;av;
qufzdcsvd kufwmrd k h _yefxGufvmwJhvD;t7if;yd ki f ;oH k ;vufravmuf
[mvnf; apmufzkwfxJud k _yef_yD;_rKyf0ifoGm;ygw<f?
Ø td k- -[if h- -OD;7<f ×
aumifrav;7ifwodrf hodrf hwkefoGm;7wmayg h?
tckqd k7if _r<rif;c Hpm;vd kuf7wJ hemjuifrS Ka0'emawG[m
44
vnf; v#if_refp GmaysmufuG<fukefyg_yD?
umrt7omudky Jt_ywfcHpm;ae7wm?
apmufzkwfxJut7nfjunfawGyd kp d kxGufvmw<f? _yD;awmh
tys d KarS;pkwf_yJoGm;vd k hxGufvmwJhaoG;awGuvnf; tzkwft_yifud k
<d kp D;_yD; zifacgif;wav#mufatmufud kp dr f husw<f?
ylylaEG;aEG;aoG;pvrf;ajumif;av;awGu _r<rif;7J hp lwl lwl
ptd k0av;ud k _zwf_yD;pD;oGm;wmrd k h aumifrav;rSmzif0u<m;usdus de J h
awmif wpfrs d K ;juD;_zpfoGm;ao;w<f?
_r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfES kwfcrf;om;awG[m vD;wdk;0ifrS kajumif h
_y Jum;_yD;wif;aejuw<f? tzkwfacgif;xJrSmawmh vD;wefjuD;u
t_ynfhtodyfyJ?
vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;ayr<fh7efyd ki fpd k ;uraqmif hao;ygbl;? t7rf;
vnf; rvdk;ao;ygbl;? aumifrav;7J hud k<fay:rSm tom7ifcsif;tyf
arSmufv#ufom;rd Se f ;aew<f? _idrfaew<f?
45
tif;| aqmif hvd k;ypfvd kufcsifwmaygh? b<fhES<f? tysd Kppfppf
aumifrav;7J htarS;yg;ud kazguf_yD; vD;oGif;xm;wJ hOpPm?
'gayr<fh 'Daumifrav;udk7efyd kifpd k;tawmfav;cspfcifrdw<f?
emrSmjuifrSmodyfp d k ;7 dr fw<f? vef hoGm;wmrs d K ;vnf;r_zpfapcsifbl;?
'gajumifhaqmifhvdk;ypfcsifwJhpdwfudkatmifhtnf;_yD; tom_idrfae 7wm?
7efyd kifpd k;uatmifhtnf;aeayr<fh _r<rif;uraeEd lifawmhbl;?
apmufz kw fxJud kt_ynf htody fw d k ;0i faewJ hv D ;ac smi f ; juD ;ajumi f h
_zpfay:cHpm;7wJhumrt7omudk _r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGu odyfud k
oabmusaeju_yDav? 'Dawmhyd kwd k ; _y D;awmhcHpm;csifaeju_yD?
'gajumif h- - -?
Ø td k- -OD;uvJ- -bmajumif h _i dr fae7wmvJvd k h- -
aqmif hav- -OD;7J h ×
_r<ri f ;[m 14 E Sp ft@ G<ftys d Kpp fpp fav;_zp fayr<f h
ud katmifxl;e J ha':xm;7ifwd k hvd k ;juwmawG 7efy d ki fp k d ;e J htd ki f7i f ;wd k h
46
aqmfjuwmawGud k ususeejuD;awG h _rifc J h7wmr[kwfvm;?
' ga jumi f humrpy f< Su fw J htc gaqmi f hv d k ;7r S e f ; em ;vnfaew<f
av? aqmif hvd k ;7ifodyfud kt7om@S dwmudkvnf;7dyfr dw<f?
vD;tqH k ;0ifoGm;_y D ;wJ haemuf 7efy d ki fp d k ;uaqmif hvd k ;r Smud k
7ifwzdkzd keJ hapmif haecJ hwm bom;acsmuaqmifhrvdk;yJ_idrfaewmajumifh
_r<rif;uyJraeEd li fatmif_zpf_y D ;xkwfa_ym7wm?
Ø aqmif hvd k ;csi fwmayg horD;7m- -orD;emoGm;rSmpd k ;vd k hyg-
-×
7efy d ki fp d k ;u_r<rif;7 J hez l ;ay:uqHEG<fE kE kav;awGud ktom
oyfwifay;7if ;a_ymw<f?
Ø remawmhygbl;OD;7- -wu<fa_ymwmyg? judKufovdk
omaqmif h [kwfvm; ×
_r<rif;uawmht_ywfud k Øa[mh× aeyg_yD?
47
ol hty s d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k az gu f _y D ;apmufac gi f ;x Ju d kt_ynf htody fw d k ;
0ifaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;u _r<rif;ud kajumuf@G H hxdwfvef haewJh tysd K
aygufrav;t_zpfuae umrt7omudka<musfm;awGeJ hwufnDvuf
nDcHpm;wwfwJh rdef;rwpfa<muft_zpf t_ynfht0a_ymif;vJay;vdkuf
_y Dav?
a<musfm;awGeJ h olwd k h7 J hvD;ud k ajumufp7m| vef hp7mvd k h
r_rifawmhbl;av?
umrt7om avmuDpnf;pdr fcsr f;omud ktwlwlcHpm;Ed li fwJ h
taz:t_zpfyJ_rifawmhw<f? olhuk dt7omawGhatmifvkyfay;Ed li fwm
awGt_zpfod_rifvm_yD?
aumifrav;udk<fwd kifu'Dvd ka_ymvmawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf;
b<faeawmhrSmvJ?
_r<ri f ;7 J h ay gi fwe fw kw fw kw f _z d K ; _z d K ; ju D ;E Sp fac smi f ;u d kq G J axmi f
w<f? _yD;awmhEd k htH kz l ;z l ;av;awGud kvnf;yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fqkyfud ki f _y D ;
48
tm;7yg;7ud kaqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufwmyJayg h?
Ø bGwfzkwfbGyfbGyfbGyf ×
Ø trav;- -aumif;vd kufwmOD;7<f ×
Ø bGyf- -zkwf- -bGyf- - ×
_r<rif;uvnf;racygbl;? atmufuaezifjuD;w<rf;<rf;
vSKy f@ Sm;ay;7if; wufnDvufnDyJtvd k ;c Hw<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh
0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;ypfvd kufawmhwmygyJ?
49
tcef;(5)
_r<rif;onfarS;ueJtdyfaysm foGm;7mrS Ed l ;vmonf?
olronf7efyd ki fpd k ;ESif htm;7yg;7umrpyf<SufcJ h _yD;aemuf arm
yef;oGm;onfhtwGuf tdyfaysm foGm;cJ honf?
<ckEd k ;vmawmhol htem;wGifb<folr#r@S d? ESp fa<muftdyf
c HwifxufjuD;wGif_r<rif;wpfa<mufwnf? cef;pnf;umxm;aom
_yLwif;aygufrStvif;a7mifuawmh@S daeqJ?
naeuawmhtawmfapmif;aerSmyJ[k _r<rif;awG;onf?
rdr d>taoG;tom;rsm;xl;_cm;pGma_ymif;vJoGm;onfuk dvnf;
_r<ri f ;owd _y Kr donf? xl;xl ; _cm; _cm;juD ;ud kve f ;qe f ;ump dwf
uvnf; junfvifaeonf? aysmfovdkvd kyif_zpfrdonf?
wpfpH kwpf7mud ktvdkrusovdkvd k | pdwfqd k;ovdkbmvdkvd k _zpf
ay:aecJhonfrsm;vnf;yaysmufukef_yD? pdwfonfxl;_cm;pGmyif @$ifvef;
50
aeonf? bmrSef;rodcJ haomvdktifqêtwGufta_zudkvnf;od@S dvd kuf
7yg _y D ?
wrf;wrf;wwESif h _zpfc J h7onfhra77maompdwfrsm;ae7mwGif
ausey f _ynf h0onf hp dwfawGutpm;xk d ;aeonf? avmupnf;p dr f
tajumif;ud kvnf;_r<rif;ud k<fawG hod7ay_yD?
r D ;z d kce f ;bufqDr Sp Dp DnHnH7<farmvd kufoHrsm;ay:vmonf?
rdrd>oli<fcsif;rav;awG rD;zd kcef;xJwGif@S daeonfudk_r<rif;odvdkuf
onf?
ajomf- -naeapmif;ae_yDyJ? olwdk hnaepmcsuf_yKwf_yifqif
aejurSmayg h?
_r<rif;onfwpfa<mufwnf;at;at;aq;aq;aevd kao;
aomajumif h <k<karmfwd k h@ S daernfhrD;zd kcef;qDod k havmavmq<froGm;
ao;7efqH k ; _zwfvd kufonf?
E S p f a<mu ft dy f c Hwi f ju D ;xu fw Gi ftomyi fqu fIv Jav smi f ;
51
7if; rdr dc Hpm;c J h7onf ht7omrsm;ESi f hr dr d>aoG;om;ESi f hp dwfxm;rsm;
a_ymif;vJoGm;yH krsm;udqif_cifjunfhonf? t7ifubmtwGufrSef;rod
vSKyf@Sm;Ed k;jum;cJh7onfhtm@Hkrsm;onf<ckawmhbmudkvdkcsifrSef;_r<rif;
odcJ h7_yD? xd ktm@H krsm;ud k _ynf h0atmifb<fvd krs d K ;vkyfaqmif7rnfud k
vnf; em;vnfae_yD? olryd ki fqd ki fxm;onfhud k<fcEÉmtaoG;tom;|
tvSty| tqGJtaqmifwdk hud k aumif;aumif;juD;toHk;csoGm;wwf_yD
[k qdk7ayrnf?
xd ktcd kufwbufcef;oHrSa_coHud kjum;vd kuf7_yD; w<fvDzH k ;
vSnf hoHud kqufjum;7_yef fonf?
rde f;uav;i<fwpfa<mufyDyD _r<rif;onfpyfpkvd kp dwf_zif h
tomwdk;uyfoGm;_yD; tm@H kp d kufumem;axmifjunfhonf?
b<folrsm;w<fvDzke f;qufaeygvdrf h? OD;rsm;vm;?
[kwfonf? rjumrDrSmyifcyftkyftkyfa_ymaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;>
toHud k_r<rif;jum;7onf?
52
Ø [Jvd k- -[Jvd k- -armifarmife J ha_ymcsifvd k hyg- - ×
acwWw dw fq dw fo Gm ; _y D ;aemuf7e fy d k i fp d k ;>z H k ;a _ymoHr sm ;u d kquf
I jum;7onf?
Ø a[h armifarmifvm;- -igyguG 7efyd ki fp d k ;? rif;ig hqDud k
tckcsuf_cif;vmcJ hprf;uGm- -igyGaygufwpfck7xm;w<f- - ×
Ø [m- -r[kwfygbl;? rif;xJwmvGJ _y D 'DrSmiga_ym_yr<f?
aoaocsmcsmem;axmif? reufwkef;u igusH K ;axmif huyef;_c HxJvrf;
av#mufoGm;7if; Ad kvfu_ym;rav;wpfa<mufeJ htzG J husoGm;w<f?
a[h olhyH kyef;ud ktao;pdwfawmhra_ym_yEd li fbl;?_zL_zLawmif h
awmif hacsmacsmav;uG? toufuvnf;i<fi<fav;? olhrSmcsmwdwf
r oli<fcsif;oH k ;a<muf@S dw<fwJ huG? olwd k hav;a<mufur÷av;
ud k taysm fc7 D ;xGufvmwm? olwd k hud kt ky fxde f ;vmwJ hq7mru
7xm;ay:rSmawG hwJ hie Jwpfaumife J h junf_y D ; vyfuD;a[mfw<frSm
t_ywf _i dr f haew<f? aumi frav;awGuvnf; olwd k hbmolwd k h
av#mufvnfr<fqd k_yD; xGufvmjuwm? tJ'g igtckav;a<muf
53
vHk;ud krvmcJ hw<f? at; ×
Ø at;- -[kwfw<f? tckaumifrav;awGav;a<muf
vH k ;ig htdr fa7mufae_yD?×
Ø ig_zD;aewmr[kwfbl;? wu<fa_ymaewm- - ×
Ø td k- -b<faerSmvJ? csypfwmayg huG? 'gayr<fhigwpf
a<mufwnf ;rE d l i fb l ; ? tc ko H k ;a<mufud ky Jt ky f _y D ;7ao;w<f?
tawmfav;a'gi f ;ae_y D? 'gajumif hri f ;ud kz H k ;quf_y D ;ac:7wm- -×
Ø 'gayg huGm- -oli<fcsif;awGyJ[m? tcGif haumif;juHK7if
ud k<f habmf'gud kowd7wmayg h? at;'Dawmhrif;ig hqDud komt_refqH H k ;
a7mufatmifvmcJ hayawmh? av;a<mufvH k;i<fi<fav;awGuG- -
rqdk;juygbl;? ESpfa<mufuawmht_ywfrdw<f? - -[kwf_yD- -
rif;vm7ifvpfyd ke J hjuufOvnf;qG Jc J huGm- -[kwfvm;? ×
pum;o Hay smu fo Gm ;umw<fv Dz k e f ;c sv d ku fo Hv d kv d k jum;7onf
xd kaemuftcef;_yifod k hav#mufvSrf;xGufum atmufxyfod k hqif;oGm;
54
onfha_coHrsm;ud kvnf;jum;7onf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;ac:vd ku fonf harmi farmi fonfrnfod k h aom@ ky f7nfy H kye f ;
@ S drnfenf;[k _r<rif;pOf;pm;yH kaz:junfhonf?
_r<rif;onf onfavmufrtyg? armifarmif hud kac:vd kuf
_cif;rSmrdrdwd k htm; vdk; ap7ef_zpfajumif;ud kem;vnfygonf? tu<f
I <cifp dwfrs d K ;E Si f hqd ky gu7efy d ki fp d k ;>vky faqmifcsufud k _r<rif ;
tjuD;tus<fa'goxGufrnfrvG Jyg?
o d k h aom f7e fy d k i fp d k ;E Si f htm;7yg ;7umrpy f<SufIavmupnf ;p dr fu d k
_ynfh_ynfh00cHpm;cJ h_yD;aemuf _r<rif;>pdwfxm;ESif hcH<lcsufawGvnf;
t_ywfud ka_ymif;vJoGm;cJ honf?
xd kajumif h7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kb<fvd kr Sp dwfrqd k;? topfa7mufvm
rnfharmifarmifqdkol>vD;b<fvdkae_yD; umrpyf<Suf7mwGifb<fvdk
rs d K ;@ S drnfenf;[lIompOf;pm;rd_cif;_zpfonf?
onfvdkawG;awmjunfh@H kr#ESif hyif _r<rif;>aoG;om;awGu
55
vSkyf@Sm;vmonf? armifarmifqdkola7mufvmv#ifrdrd>vSkyf@Sm;aeaom
aoG;om;rsm;>vdktifqê_ynfh07rnfqdk_cif;udkaumifrav;uodaeonf
r D ;z d ktce f ;q Dr S mp Dp Dn Hn HtoHr sm ;u d kquf jum;ae7onf?x d k h _yi f
ajumfeH havSmfeH hrsm;ud kvnf;@SLrdonf?
_r<rif;onfrD;z d kcef;od k hoGm;7efqH k ; _zwfvd kufonf? t0wf
tpm;awG@Smvdk hr7aomajumif hud k<fvH k;wD;_zpfaerSKud kzH k ;umzd k htwGuf
wpfckckvd kuf@Sm7onf?
@Sufajumufaevdk hawmhr[kwfyg? rD;zd kcef;xJ hod k hud k<fwH k;vH k ;
juD;0ifoGm;zd k h raumif;wwfaomajumif hyg?
t dy fce f ;E Si f hw G Jv#uf@ S daoma7cs d K ;ce f ;x Jr Su d k< fokwfy0gjuD ;wp fc k
awGh7onf? _r<rif;onfudk<fokwfy0gjuD;udkxrD7if@Sm;onfhoabm
rs d K ; _zif hud k<ftv<fyd ki f;ud k7pfywfvd kufonf?
ud k<fokwfy0gjuD;utawmfteHus<fonf? _r<rif;>7if
om;zl;zl;av;rsm;rSonf aygifvnfavmuftxdzH k ;E d li fonf? udk<fud k
vnf;aumif;aumif;7pfywfxm;Ed lifonf? udk<fokwfy0gjuD;7pfywf_yD;
onfaemuf _r<rif;onfrD;z k dcef;qDod k hav#mufvmcJ honf?
56
rD;zd kcef;xJwGifv#yfppfrD;zd kESpfckESif htwl xrif;pm;pm;yG Jckefrsm;yg
@ S donf? xd ktcef;onfpm;aomufcef;t_zpfaum| rD;z d kce f;t_zpfyg
toH k ;csyH k7onf?
tcef;xJokd h _r<rif;0ifa7mufoGm;cs defwGif tdkif7if;onfxrif;
pm;pm;yG J _yifIaeonf? Ad kvfu_ym;rav;onf(7efyd ki fpd k ;>tusô_zpfyH k7
aom) @SyftuôsyGyG@ Snf@SnfjuD;ud kav#mhwdav#mh7J0wfxm;onf?
@Syftuôsonftdkif7if;>aygif7if;em;txda7mufonf? @Syftuôs
atmufwGifawmh bmtcktcHrSr@S d? rnfonfhtwGif;c Ht0wftpm;rS
r0wfxm;?
td ki f ;7i f ;pm;y G Jwpfbufod k hav#mufvSr f ;oGm;c d kuf @Sy ftuôs
atmufpuGm[oGm;7m _zLazG;Ektdonfhwifyg;wpf_crf;ud krodrom_rif
vd kuf7onf? xdk h _yifqD;pyfwGif@S daomapmufar$;vdrfaumufaumuf
av;rsm;udk_rif7onf? Adkvfu_ym;rav;rdk htd kif7if;>qHyifonfa@$a7mif
a7;a7;a_y;onf? apmufar$;awGuvnf;a@$a7mifav;rsm;a7mpGufI
aeonf?
57
junfhvd kyifaumif;ao;onf?
_ r<ri f ;>p dw fx Jw G i f r mvmwi f>t_y Ktr l av;r s m ;u d kow d7
vmonf? rmvmwifESif hr dr dwd k hvkyfovdktd ki f7if;ud kvkyfjunfhcsifpdwf
av;rsm;_zpfay:vmonf?
_r<rif;onftd ki f7if;ud kwyfrufrS K _ynf haomrsufvH k ;rsm;_zif h
pl;pd kufjunfhrdonf?
Ø a[h- -<rif;- -eifutJ'DrSm7yf_yD; rtd ki f7if;ud kirf;ae
rSmvm;? ig hud kvm0d ki f;ulrSmvm;? ×
<k<karmfuv#yfppfrD;zd kwpfckem;rSaeIvSrf;a_ymonf? <k<k
armfonf0uftlacsmif;rsm;ud kbJOESif ha7mumajumfaeonf? <k<karmf
onfvnf;_r<rif;enf;wludk<fokwfy0gjuD;wpfckud kud k<fwGif7pfywf
xm;onf? <k<karmfut7yfykavawmhud k<fokwfy0gjuD;onf 'l;
qpfem;txdyifa7mufonf?
_r<rif;onf<k<karmf@S d7modk hoGm;um 0uftlacsmif;rsm;ulvSD;
58
ay;onf?
Ø [m- -w<f[kwfygvm; a[h- -orD;wd k huaumif;
aumif;csuf_yKwfwwfwmud k ;- -[efusoGm;wmayg h? r[kwf7if
npmpm;zd k hawmiftawmfcufrSm? ×
_r<rif;tomvSnf hjunfhvd kuf7mrD;zd kcef;t0if0wGif 7yfae
aom7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kawG h7onf? aumifrav;>7if'de f;ueJcke fonf?
7e fy d k i f p d k ;onftwGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dw d kw d kuav;wp fc kom0wfxm;
onf? xd kabmif;bDwd kuav;uvnf;a7ul;abmif;bDwd kuav;rs d K ;
_zp f7m abmif ;bDc G jum;r Sz kz kxpfxpf _zp faeaomvD;wefjuD ;>yk H
koÐmefud k _rif7onf?
Tv D ;we f ju D ;uay ; c J h aomumrt7omu d k _ r<ri f ;
_ye fowd7onf? TvD;juD; _zi f htvd k ;c Hc J h7y H kr sm;ud k _ye fpO f ;pm;r d _y D ;
7ifzd kvmonf?
td ki f7i f ;E Si f h<k<karm fwd k hr Smvnf;td ki f7i f ;>tvd k ;ud kc Hc J h7_y D ;olrsm;
59
_zpf7m rdrdenf;wlpdwfvSKyf@Sm;rS krsm;_zpfrnfudk_r<rif;pmemawG;awmrd
onf?
aumifrav;oH k ;a<mufonfvkyfvufptvkyfrsm;ud k7yfum
7efyd ki fpd k ;tm;pl;pd kufjunfhvd kufjuonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;uwpfcsuf_yH K ;vd kuf_yD;?
Ø t7ifqH k ;pm;juaomufju7atmif[kwfvm;? Ad kuf_ynf hr S
tvkyfvkyfEd li fr Smayg h? ×
xd ko d k h a _ym_y D ;aemuf7e fy d ki fp d k k ;onf<k<karm f@ S d7mod k hav#mufvSr f ;
oGm;onf? xdkaemuf<k<karmf>aemufwGiftom;csif;xdatmifuyf7yf
_yD; '<ftd k;xJod k hjunfhonf? <k<karmf>wifyg;u7efyd ki fp d k ;>qD;pyf
em;ud kxdrdonf?
<k<karmf>rsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf? odk haomfudk<fudkaemufodk h
cyfaumhaumhav;_yKum wifyg;ESi f hqD;pyfwd k ;vd k hxduyfaponf?
60
7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f< k< karm f>wi fy g ;v H k ;v H k ; av;r s m ;u d ktomy kw f
vd kuf_yD;aemuftd ki f7if;@S d7mod k hqufIav#mufvSrf;vmonf?
tem;od k ha7mufonfESi f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;onftd ki f7i f ;0wfxm;onf h
@ Sy ftuôsjuD;atmufpud ktomvSefwifvd kuf_y D; txif;om;ay:vm
onfhwifyg;_zL_zLjuD;wpf_crf;ud kvuf0g;_zif hususeetkyfumqkyfud ki f
onf?
Ø cpfcpfcpf- -OD;uvJ- -×
td ki f7i f ;ucy f!k!kav;a_ymvd ku f _y D ;7e fy d k i fp d k ;>abmi f ;b Dc G jum;
ud ktomvuf!S d K ;_zif hxdonf? abmif;bDatmufrSzkz kxpfxpf_zpfae
aomvD;wefjuD;ud k vuf!S d K ;xdyfuav;_zif hrxdwxdyGwfay;onf?
xd kaemuftomav;av#mufvSr f ;xGufum xrif;pm;y G Jud k
qufIcif;usif;onf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;>rsufvH k;tjunfhu_r<rif;xHa7mufvmonf?
61
r dr du d k junf hv d ku faomtjunf hx Jw Gi ftjui fem7 dy fuav;r s m ;
cd kwG Jyg0ifaeonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;awG h@ S donf?
7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f _r<ri f ;@ S d 7mo d k htomav;av#mu fv Sr f ; c s O f ;uy f
vmonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf_r<rif;ud kcsuf_cif;wd k hxdud ki fwG<f_cif;r_yK?
_r<rif;>wpfud k<fvH k;a_cqH k;acgif;zsm;yifaphaphpyfpyfjunfhonf?
Ø orD;- -ae7xdki f7wm aumif;ygw<faemf ×
7efyd ki fp d k ;uar;onf?
_r<rif;b<fvd ka_z7rnfr Se f ;rod? xd kajumif hacgi f ;ud kom
ndwf_yvd kufonf?
Ø emwmawG- -atmif hwmawG_zpfraebl;r[kwfvm; ×
Todk ha_ym7if;7efy d ki fp d k ;u_r<rif;>nmbufvufuav;ud k
jui femp G mq ky fu d k i fonf ? xk d aemu ftomt<mqG J< lv d ku f7m
_r<rif;rSmvnf; 7efyd ki fpd k ;teD;od k hwd k;uyfa7muf@S doGm;avawmhonf?
62
Ø OD;e J haysm f7wmodyfaumif;w<fr[kwfvm; ×
7e fy d k i fp d k ;onfar;vd ku faomvnf ; _r<ri f ;x Hr Sta_zud kar #m fvi f h
xm;yH kr7? pum;@Smuma_ymonfhoabmom_zpfonf?
7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufwpfbufu_r<rif;7pfywfxm;aom udk<f
okwfy0gtuGJjum;rStomwdk;0ifum _r<rif;>ql_zd K;p7ifom;tzl l ;
tiH kav;ud kqkyfud ki fonf?
Ø OD;e J haysm f7wm orD;twGufyxrOD;qH k ;tjudrfaemf- -
×
Ø [kwf- -[kwfygw<f- -tJ'g- -yxrqHk;ygyJ ×
_r<rif;rSm@Sufovdkvd k_zpfvmonf? <k<karmfESif htd kif7if;wd k h
u rdrdwd k hud kjunfhaernfud kvnf;_r<rif;odonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf
<k<karmfESif htd kif7if;wdk hudkcyfayghayghoabm_zifhzifykwfzifudkifomvkyfcJ h
_yD; rdrdudkrSjuifjuifememESif hta7;w<lpum;a_ymvmonfhtwGufv
vnf; _r<rif;urmefwuf~k^f<lcsifp dwfuav;ay:vmonf?
63
Ø 'gayr<f hor D ;uaumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;txmaygufoGm; _y D
qd kawmh aemufqd k' Dvd krs d K ;quf_yD;aysm fcsifaerSmyJr[kwfvm;? ×
_r<ri f ;taeE Si f h @ Su fa<mi fa<mi f _ zp f aer S K aw Gyay s mu fonf ?
pdwfat;at; wnfwnf_idr f _i dr fyif_yefvnfwH k h _yefonf?
_r<ri f ;uy Gi f hvi f ;p Gm _y H K ;v#ufud k< fud kvnf ;a h@ So d k htomwd k ;ay;
vdkufonf? 7ifudkrodromaumhay;7m 7efyd kifpd k;>vufESif hrdrd7ifom;
rsm;yd kxdatmifvkyfay;onf? Ed k htH kud kvnf;yd kIqkyfud ki fE d li fatmif_yK
ay;onf?
7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfbmrSa_ymraeawmhy J _r<rif ;>vufud kol>
abmif;bDwd kuav;>ar#mhjudK;jum;od k hxd k ;oGif;ay;vd kufonf?
vD;ar$;rsm;ud k _r<rif;>vufuxdawGh_zwfausmf_yD; axmif
rwfvmp_zpfaomvD;wefjuD;ud kvufacsmif;rsm;_zif hxdawG hqkyfud ki fr d
onf?
_r<rif;>7rufaZmawGaxmif;ueJxvmonf? <k<karmf
64
ESif htd ki f7if;wd k hud kyifta7;rxm;awmhyJ _r<rif;onfvD;acsmif;juD;ud k
tomyifqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfupm;aeonf?
olwd k hawmhig hud kremvdk_zpfaejurSmyJ? _zpf_zpfayg h? OD;uighud k
y J ta7;ay;aewJhOpPm? [k_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifauseyfpGmawG;vd kuf
onf?
xd ktcd kufpl;@Saoma!Smfe H hay:vmonf?
Ø a[mawmh- -wl;ukef_y D- - ×
rD;zd kay:@S d0uftlacsmif;ajumftd k ;wl;oGm;_cif;_zpfonf? <k<k
armfonftvefhwjum;atmfum '<ftd k;ud kcsvd kufonf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;u
w[m;[m;7<f_yD;_r<rif;vufud kabmif;bDxJrSxkwfypfvd kufonf?
_r<rif;rSm xd kae7mwGifyifukef;ay;_yD;tvdk;c Hypfcsifp dwfud k
tomcsKyfwnf;xm;vd kuf7onf?
Ø uJuJ- -pm;zd k haomufzd k hud k t7ifvkyfjuygtH k;? awmfjum
65
tm;vH k;npmiwfukefjur<f? - -ajomf- -td ki f7if;a7- -tJ'D×
tuôsjuD;cÈwfvd kufuGm- -[dkykqd k ;<l_yD;0wfxm;ygvm; ×
7e fy d k i f p d k ;uxri f ;pm ;pm ;y G Jte D ; e H 7 H em ;r St0w fv Se f ; pi f ay :v $m ;
xm;aomucsify kqd k ;ud k!$e f _y_yD;a_ymonf?
bmajumif honfvdkvJvS<f0wfcd kif;7wmvJ? tajumif;wpfck
c kawmh@S drnf[k_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;rdonf?
t d ki f7i f ;uawm h7e fy d k i fp d k ;a _ymonf htwd ki f ;v Jv S<f0wfqi fv d ku f
onf? td ki f7if;onfvH k;0@Sufajumufrae? tm;vH k;a@S hwGifcyfa_ymif
a_ymifyifcÈwfvJ_cif;_zpfonf?
_r<ri f ;E S i f h< k< karm fw d k h r S m0u ft lac smi f ;r s m ;u d k _ye f a jum f ju7
onf? xdkaemufxrif;pm;juonf? [if;awGuawmhrqd k;yg? 0uf
tlacsmif;ESif hbJOajumf| ig;aowWmokyf| yJeDav;[if;cs d K | ykef;7nfjuD;
okyf tawmfav;pH konf?
tm;vHk;xrif;pm;_rdefjuonf? waeukefumrpyf<Suftaysmf
66
usL;cJ hjuonfhtwGuf 0rf;awG[maewmudk;?
o lw d k hxri f ;pm ;aomufaeaomtcgw Gi fr Srmvmwi fa7muf@ S dvm
onf? olhud krac:yJxm;onfhtwGufrmvmwifrSmrausreyf_zpfrdonf
odk haomf7efyd kifpd k;udk<fwdkifolhtwGufxrif;rsm;cl;um [if;rsm;cyfxnfh
ay;vd kufaomtcg rmvmwif>rausreyf_zpfp dwfrsm;yaysmufoGm;
onf?
rmvmwif0wfvmonfuawmh twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kuav;
wpfxnfom_zp fonf? rde f ;uav;(4)a<mufwGi frmvmwifonf
ta_ymif@Si f;qH k ;vd k _zpfaeonf?
o d k h aom f7e fy d k i f p d k ;urmvmwi f>yvmusi f ;aeaom7i fom ;q d k i f
rsm;ud kvSrf;ud ki fz d k ha0;pG| junfhyifrjunfhyg?
rmvmwifrSm@kyf7nfjunfhaysmf@SLaysmfom@S d7m 7efyd kifpd k ;tae
eSif hacsmarmvSyonfh_r<rif;ESi f htd ki f7if;wd k ht_yif_zL_zLawmif hawmif h
w@kwfu_ym;rav;<k<karmfyg@S dae7mrmvmwifudk~@krpdkufwmuvnf;
rqef;ygacs?
67
c^tjumwGi ft dr f a@ S hq Dr Sv lac :ac gi f ; avmi f ;o Hw'i f 'i f _ rn f
vmonf?
_r<rif;rStyusefrde f;uav;oH k;a<mufpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;ju
onf? w<fvDzke f;qufonfud kjum;cJ h7ol_r<rif;omv#ifTvlac:
acgif;avmif;oHtajumif;em;vnfum a@S hbmquf_zpfrnfud kvnf;
odaeonf?
Ø bmrS pdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;juygeJ horD;wd k h7 J h? at;at;aq;aq;
aejuyg [kwfvm;? ×
7efyd kifpd k;uTodk ha_ym_yD;rD;zd kcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onf? xdkaemuf
wHcg;zGif hvdkufoHESif h a<mufsm;juD;ESpfa<muft_yeftvSefpum;a_ymoH
ud kjum;7onf? pum;oHrsm;uvHk;ae7m bmawGa_ymrSe f;awmhrod?
a<mufsm;ESp fa<mufpum;a_ymoHqd komud kodEd li fonf?
tdkif7if;| <k<karmfESif hrmvmwifwdk hoHk;a<mufysm<Dysm7m_zpf
ukefjuonf? olwd k h _zpfaejuyk Hud kjunfh_y D;
68
_r<rif;7<fcsifvmonf?
td ki f7i f ;u7ifvsm;0wfxm;aomucsi fy kqd k ;ud ky dy d<d<d_zp f
atmif_yef0wfonf? <k<karmfu7pfywfxm;aomudk<fokwfy0gjuD;
ud k csyfcsyf<yf<yf_zpfatmif_yKonf? twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd ke H he H h
av;om0wfxm;aomrmvmwifuawmh tay:rSzH k ;umEd li fz d k h t0wf
wpfckckud kvd kuf@Smonf?
x d ktc s d e f r S myi fr D ; z d k ce f ; @ S d 7mo d k h av #mu fv Sr f ;vmonf h a _co Hr s m ;
ud kjum;7onf? rmvmwifrSm7ifom;qd ki frsm;ud kz H k ;umzd k ht0wftpm;
r7ao;? xdkajumif hvkyfrdvkyf7mvufESpfbufud k7ifrSmyd kufum Ed k htH k
rsm;ud kjudK;pm;umuG<fxm;vdkuf7onf?
r d e fuav;o H k ; a<mufonfxri f ;pm ;y G J ab;em ;w Gi fp k7y faev#u f
om;_zpfoGm;onf?
_r<ri f ;wp fa<mufwnf ;omr lvae7mw Gi fwnf _i d r f p G mx d k i f ae
onf? a7mufvmrnfholrSm7efyd ki fpd k ;>oli<fcsif;armifarmifyif_zpf_yD;
rdrdtygt0ifrdef;uav;oHk;a<mufvHk;uvnf;armifarmifvdk;wmcH7rnf
69
qdk_cif;ud k _r<rif;uomodaeonf?
tcef;xJuk d7efyd ki fp d k ;ut7ifqH k;0ifvmw<f?
7efyd ki fp d k ;aemufuawmhw_cm;a<mufsm;wpfa<muf?
t J' Dv lutce f ;tv<favmufr S m7y faew J h r de f ;uav;
oHk;a<mufudkpl;pd kufjunhfvdkufwJhtcg tcef;xJrSmwdwfqdwf_idrfouf
_cif;uzH k ;tkyfoGm;ygw<f?
tJ' Dr de f ;uav;oH k ;a<mufxJr SmrvH kr _c H Kt_zp fqH k ;uawmh
7cd ki frav;rmvmwifygyJ? 'gayr<fhxd kvl7J htjunfhuawmh td ki f7if;
ay:rSmompl;pd kufa7muf@S doGm;w<f?
tif;av? 'DoH k;a<mufxJrSmtd ki f7if;utacsmqHk;? tawmif h
qH k;ud k;?
tJ' Dvlu7efyd ki fp d k ;e J houfwl@G<fwlavmufygyJ? toufoH k ;
q<favmuf@S dw<f? t7yfvnf;_rif hw<f? 'gayr<fh7efyd kifpd k;avmuf
70
awmhr_rif hbl;?
@kyfuawmh7efyd kifpd k;xufydka_zmifhw<f? udk<fvHk;uawmhydefydef
yg;yg;? 'gayr<fhuspfvpfoefrmw<f? tm;aumif;armif;oefyH krs d K ;?
_r<ri f ;u' Dv l7 J h ay gi f jum;u d kr su f7 dy foe f ; _y D ; junf hv d ku fw<f?
~sif;abmif;bDjuyfjuyfudk0wfxm;wmrdk haygif7if;uzkzkxpfxpfvD;tae
ud krodrom_rifEd li fw<f?
Ø tm;yg;- -tacsmtvSav;awGygyJvm; ×
c^jumawmhtJ' Dvlua_ymw<f? ol hr sufvH k ;tjunf hu
vnf;_r<rif;bufud ka7mufw<f? 'Dvd ktjunhfcHvd kuf7wJhtcs de fr Sm
_r<rif;7ifxJzd kat;_yD; aygif7if;tzkwfuvnf;pd kp d kp dp d _zpfvmw<f?
tJ'Dvl7J htjunfhuodyf7Jwif;wmudk;? igvdk;7awmhr<fhaumif
rav;awGtoGifrs d K;e J hjunfhaerSef;_r<rif;odaewmrd k h pdwfvSKyf@Sm;_yD;
7rufaZmawGEd l ;jum;vm7wmygyJav?
71
7efyd kifpd k;u[ufueJwpfcsu7<farmvdkuf_yD; tdkif7if;udk<k<k
armfeJ hrmvmwifwd k htem;uaetoma@S hud kqG Jac:xkwfvd kufw<f?
Ø orD;wd k hud kr dwfqufay;7tH k ;r<f? 'guOD;7 J holi<fcsi f ;
armifarmif yJ?bmajumif hol hud kzdwfac:7wmvJqdkawmh- -OD;@Sif;@Sif;
y Ja_ymr<faemf- -orD;wd k hvlvnf;rsm;| t7rf;vnf;a[mhjuwmqdk
awmh OD;wpfa<mufwnf;rEd li fbl;av? 'gajumif htm;_znf hvd kufwm
ygyJ? ×
' Dv d k a _ym _y D ;wme J h7e fy d k i f p d k ;utd k i f7i f ;0w fxm;w J huc si fy kq d k ;u k d
qwfueJqG JcÈwfcsvd kufw<f?
Ø td k- - - ×
td ki f7i f ;ua<mi f<r f ;a7@ Gw f7i f ;zr f ;q G Jxm;z d k h ju d K ;pm ;ao;w<f
r7ygbl;? 7efyd ki fpd k ;qG JcÈwfvdkufwmuodyf_refwmudk;? ucsifykqd k;[m
jurf;_yifay:yH k7ufom;ud kusoGm;w<f?
Ø @SufraeygeJ huGm? armifarmifuorD;wd k hud kaysm fatmifvkyf
72
ay;r<fholyguG? ×
td ki f7i f ;0wfxm;wJ hucsi fy kq d k ;u d ku Gi f ;v H k ;uÈwfusatmi fvky fyp f
_y D ;awmh7efy d ki fp d k ;ua_ymw<f?
tJ' Dawm hr St d ki f7i f ;u d k@ Sy ftuô szm;zm;juD ;uaeucsi fy kq d k ;v J0wf
7ifvsm;cd ki f ;wmbmajumif hvJqd kwm_r<rif;7dy fr dygawmhw<f?
armifarmifa7mufvm7iftd ki f7if;ud ktvG<fwulud k<fvH k;wD;
cÈwf_yEd li fatmifud k ;?
' Dv d kt d k i f7i f ;u d kwp dr f ; a<muf s m ;wp fa<mufa@ S h r S mu d k< fv H k ;w D ;
_zpfoGm;7atmifvkyfvd kufwJht_yKtrludkawmh_r<rif;rjudKufvSygbl;?
armi farmi fuawm hu d k< fv H k ;w D ; _zp fo Gm ;w J ht d k i f7i f ;u d krx drud ki f
ao;yJ tompl;pd kufjunfhaew<f? junfhyH k@SLyH kuodyfudk7Jwif;wmyJ?
7rufaZmawGuvnf;t_ynfh?
td ki f7if;ra_ymeJ h? usefwJ hr de f;uav;awGawmifarmifarmif7J h
73
junfhyH kp l ;p l;7J7Jajumif h pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmju7w<f? _r<rif;tyg
t0ifayg hav?
tckqd k7ifolwd k htm;vH k ;uarmifarmifbmtwGufa7mufvm7
w<fqd kwmud kodukefju_yDav?
ud k< fvH k ;w D ;tcÈwf _yc Hv d ku fw J ht d ki f7i f ;uawm ho l hu d karmi farmi f
t7ifqH k;p_yD;vd k ;awmhr<fqd kwmudkodaew<f? 'DtwGufoabmus
~k^f<lovdkawmif_zpfrdwmajumif h apmapmuay:vmcJ hwJ h@Suf@G H hp dwf
uav;awGawmifaysmufukef _y D?
td kif7if;uacgif;av;armh| 7ifav;aumh| a_caxmufwpfbuf
rodromauG;| wifav;aemufypf_yD; tvSr<fud k<f[ef_yovdk cyf
ajumhajumhav;7yfaevdkufw<f?
junfhcsifoavmufjunfhygap? td ki f7if;vSvd k hjunfhwmyJ?
junfh_yD;pdwfxvm7if tkdif7if;udkaumif;aumif;vdk;ay;rSmr[kwfvm;?
a<mufsm;awG7rufaZmt7rf;xef_yD;jurf;jurf;vdk;7ifodyfudkcHvdk haumif;
ajumif; td ki f7if;odwmayg h?
74
armi f armi fuvnf ;on ftw d k i f ; jun f h ae@ H k e J htm ;r7awm hb l ; ?
toma@S hud kwd k ;vmw<f? _y D ;awmhnmvufud ktomqef hxkwf _y D ;
vufz sm ;av;awGe J ht d ki f7i f ;7 J hb<fbufE d k ho D ;xdy fuav;ud ktom
udkifprf;junfhw<f?
E d k hoD ;xdy fuav;csufcsi f ;ud kcÈe faumhaxmifwufvmw<f?
cy fomomav;x du d k i fv d ku fwm _ zp f ayr< f h E d k ho D ;q d kwmu
7ru fp dw f 7 J htc su ftc s m ae7mwp f c k r[ kw fvm ; ? ' g a jumi f h
t d k i f7i f ;wp fu d k< fv H k ;@ S d e f ;ue Jz de f ;ue J _zp f _y D ; juufoD ;z kav;awG
xoGm;w<f?
ud k<fvH k ;wD ; _zp faewmr d k h juufoD ;z kav;awGxoGm;wmud kawG hE d li f
_rifEdlifw<f? Adkvfu_ym;av;rdk htom;u_zLpGwfaew<fav? juufoD;zk
av;awGxaeawmhwpfrs d K ;y d kjunfhvd k haumif;w<f?
Ø tJ'gu tdkif7if;wJh? [dkqHyifaumufaumifeJ hw@kwfu_ym;
rav;u <k<karmf? !dk!dkav;u rmvmwif? qHyif@Snf@Snfuav;u
_r<rif;- - - ×
75
7efyd ki fp d k ;urdef;uav;awG7J hemrnfud ka_ym_yvd kufw<f?
Ø tay:xyfudkoGm;ju7atmifvm; aumifrav;- -eifhudkig_y
p7m@S dw<f? ×
armifarmifutdki f7if;7J hE d k htH kwpfbufud kcyfzGzGav;qkyfud ki fjunfh_yD;
a_ymw<f?
armi farmi f7 J hay gi f jum;uvD;wefjuD ;[mododomomz kxpfaewm
udk_r<rif;awGh7w<fav? tdkif7if;udktay:xyfutdyfcef;xJac:oGm;_yD;
vd k ;awmhr<fqd kwmuvnf; aA'ifar;aep7mrvdkbl;?
td ki f7if;uarmifarmif hud krsufawmiftomarS;pif;junf h _y D ;acgi f ;av;
tomndwf_yw<f?
armifarmifutd ki f7i f ;7 J hy kc ke f ;ud ky d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fy Jod ki f ;zufvd kufw<f?
ol hrsufESmuawmh _yH K;vd k h?
76
touf 17 ESpft@G<fAdkvfu_ym;r_zL_zLawmifhawmifhacsmacsm
av;ud kvd k ;7awmhrSmud k;? oabmusaerSmayg h?
' D aemufawm harmi farmi f[mA d kv fu_ym ;rav;ud kzu f _y D ;
{nf hcef;xJu xGufoGm;ygw<f?
_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmwpfrs d K ;juD;yJ?
_zpfysufaewJ hta_ctaeawGud kodyfrauseyfcsi fbl;?
_r<rif;[m umrt7omudkvd kvm;oabmusaewmuawmh
trSefygyJ? a<mufsm;wpfa<mufeJhumrpyf<Sufzdk hudkvnf;aemufwGefhrae
awmhygbl;?
' g a y r< f h t c k o l w d k h v k y f a q m i f a e j uw m aw G u
enf;vrf;ruswmudkawm hpOf;pm;junfhr dw<f?
77
olw d k h[m7e fy d k i f p d k ;u d kt7i fuodc J h juwmr[kw fb l ; ?
r÷av;uye f ; _c Hwp fc kx Jr S mvmqH kr dwm? _y D ;awm h7e fy d k i f p d k ;
ac :7maemu fu d kv d ku fc J h juw<f? 7e fy d k i f p d k ; e J humrpy f< Su f
taysmfusL;cJ hjuw<f?
tif;- -aysmfc J ht7omawGhc J hwmuawmhtrSefygyJ?
a[m- -karmifarmifqd kwJ hrsufESmpdrf;wpfa<mufyg0ifvm
_ye f _y D ?
wu<fv d k h _ r<ri f ;taee J h at;at;aq;aq;quf _y D ; pO f ; pm ;
a w G ; a w m E d l i f r < f q d k v d k h @ S d 7 i f t c k u s a 7 mu f a ew J h
ta _ctaeuae@ k e f ;x Gu fE d l i f r< f hvr f ; pu d k aw G h 7aumi f ;
awGh7vdrf hr<f?
78
'gayr<fh_r<rif;tzd k hat;at;aq;aq;rpOf;pm;Ed li fc J hygbl;? <k<k
armfeJhrmvmwifwdkhESpfa<mufolhtem;udka7muf@Sdvmwmrdkh_r<rif;7JhtawG;
pawGvnf;_ywfawmufoGm;w<f?
<k<karmfe J hrmvmwifwd k h[mvnf;armifarmifa7mufvmwJ htwGuf
wpfrs d K ; _zpfaejuyH kygy J?
'gud k7efyd ki fp d k ;u7dyfrd_yD; ta_ctaeudk0ifxdef;w<f?
Ø uJ bmrSp dwftaESmi f ht<Sufr_zp fjuyge J horD ;wd k h7 J h ?
o r D ; w d k h u av ; a< mu f | O D ; uw p f a< mu fx Jq d k a w m h
bufrr #b l ;r[kwfvm;? ' gajumi f h or D ;w d k h av;a<mufvH k ;
aysm faysm fyg ;yg ;aeEd li fatmif armifarmifud k ac:vd kufwmyg? ×
7efy d ki fp d k ;u'Dvd ka_ym_y D ;rmvmwifud kod ki f ;zufvk dufw<f?
_yD;awmh rmvmwif7JhEdk htHkwpfbufudkvnf;vuf0g;juD;eJhtkyfudkifw<f?
E d k ho D ;acgi f ;av;ud kz sp f!Sp fw<f? Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;av;[mcsufcsi f ;y J
79
aumhawmifwufvmwmayg h?
rmvmwifu7cdkifrqdkawmh w@kwfu_ym;r <k<karmfvdkEd k hoD;
acgif;r@Snfbl;? cyfao;ao;cÈefcÈefav;yJ?
E d k h t H k u a w m h < k < k a r m f x u f y d k x G m ; w < f ?
td ki f7if;ud kawmhrrDbl;av? udki fvd k haumif;ygw<f?
Ø uJ- -orD;wdk hESpfa<muf 'DrSmat;at;aq;aq;aecJhjutHk;
ayg h- -[kwfvm;? rmvmudkO D;ac:oGm;csifvd k h ×
_r<rif;onfrmvmwifud kqwfueJjunfhvd kufonf?
rmvmwifonfxdwfvefhaeonfh[efr@Sd? olr>rsufESmay:wGif
auseyfonfht7dyftoGifrsm;ay:vGifaeonf?
apmapmy d k i f ;uwp fa<mufwnf ;ab;tz<fc Hxm ;7ovd k _ zp f ae
aomrmvmwifonf <ckvdk7efyd kifpd k;uolrudkac:xkwfoGm;csifajumif;
80
a_ymvmonfud k tawmfav;oabmusaeyH k7onf?
rmvmwifonfolr>Ed k ht H kwpfbufud kaqmhupm;aeonf h7e fy d ki fp d k ;
>vufud kwpfcsufiH k h junfhonf? xd kaemuf<k<karmfESi f h _r<rif;wd k h
bufod k hvSrf;junfh_y D;wpfcsuf_yH K ;7<f_yonf?
rdrdtae_zifh7efydkifpdk;ac:7maemufodkhvdkufoGm;vdkajumif;_yvdkuf_cif;yif?
rmvmwi fonf7e fy d k i f p d k ;>abmi f ;b Dc G jum;u d kvufc ke f av; _zi f h
tomav;xdyGwfay;vdkufao;onf? xdkodk hyGwfay;rSKajumifh abmif;bD
wdkuav;atmufrSvD;wefjuD;zkxpfawmifjuGvm;aomtcg rmvmwif
tawmfauseyfoGm;onf?
olrtae_zif h7e fy d ki fp d k ;p dwfxvmatmifp Gr faqmifE d li fc J honfr[kwfyg
vm;?
7efyd ki fp d k ;uoabmuspGm7<farm7if;rmvmwifud kqG Jac:oGm;onf?
<k<karm fE Si f h _r<ri f ;w d k honfxGufc G go Gm ;aomp H kw G Ju d k junf h7i f ;
81
usefaecJhonf? rmvmwifwpfa<mufa<mufsm;vdk;wmcH7awmhrnfudk
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ;odaeonf?
txyfc d k ;ay:@ S dt dy fce f ;E Sp fce f ;xJwGi farmi farmi fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;w d k hu
aqmfwpfayGpD_zif hvd k ;cef;zGi f hjuawmhrSmygvm;?
Ø b<fvd kvJ<rif;? igwd k hy Jusefaeawmhw<f? uJyg[m?
eife J hig {nfhcef;ab;u[dktcef;av;xJud koGm;ju7atmifvm;? ×
twe f jumw dw fq dw f a e _ y D ;w J h a e mu f < k< k a r m fu
_r<rif ;ud ka _ymw<f? w@kwfu_ym;rav;7J hr sufvH k ;awGuvnf;
_ r<r i f ;w p fu d k< fv H k ; u d k p m ; aw m h 0 g ; aw m h r< f h tw d k i f ;
pl;pl;7J7JjuD;ud kjunfhvd k haew<f?
b<fv d k _ zp fwmv J ? <k< karm fui g hu d kt7i fu' Dv d k r s d K ;
wpfcgrSrjunfhbl;ygvm;? _r<rif;[mpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmw<f?
[kwfy gw<fav? rmvmwi fe J h aw G h7 _y D ;r S< k<karm f[m
rdef;uav;csif; Øyvl;× juwJhtwwfaumif;awGem;vnfvmwmudk;?
82
tck_r<rif;ud kyvl;junfhcsifae_yDav?
]m^fxufwJhrdef;uav;wpfa<mufrdkh_r<rif;[m <k<karmfbm
ajumifhonfvdkrsdK;_zpf7w<fqdkwmcefhrSef;rdygw<f? oleJhrmvmwifwdkhESpf
a<muf Øyvl;× cJ hjuwmawGud kvnf;_yefowd7w<f?
tJ_yD;awmh| ol htzkwfud kaumif;aumif;7ufay;csi fw<fvd k h
udkatmifxl; zifvdk;wmudkcH7if;q7mra':xm;7iftirf;r7a_ymqdkcJ hyH kudk
vnf;_yefjum;a<mifvmw<f?
rdrdudkbmajumifhrsm;a<mufsm;awGuomruyJ rdef;rawGuyg
oabmusaeju7wmvJvd k hvnf;_r<rif;awG;junfhrdw<f?
Ø eifu igeJ haysm fcsi fvd k hvm; ×
_r<rif;u<k<karmfud karmfjunfh_yD;ar;w<f?
Ø at;ayg h[- -eif htzkwfutar$;wyifrSawmifraygufyJ
_zLEkaewm? odyfvSwmyJ? eif htzkwfud kig7ufjunfhcsifwmjum_yD-
83
- - ×
<k<karmfu wpfwpfcGcGyJa_ymw<f?
Ø aumifrpkwf a_ymyH kud ku ×
b m y J _ z p f _ z p f on fv d k w p fw p f c G c G a _ y mw mu d k aw m h
_r<rif;oabmusovdk _zpfr dygw<f?
Ø b<fvd kvJ oGm;jurvm; ×
Ø tif;- -oGm;av- - ×
_r<ri f ;e J h< k< karm fw d k h E Sp fa<muf[m vufc si f ;w G J _y D ;
rD;zd kcef;xJudxGufvmjuw<f?
tJ- -{nfhcef;eJ huyfv#uf@S dwJ htcef;av;em;vnf;a7mufa7m
7rufaZm_ynfhaewJhnnf;oHawG| a7@GwfoH| vSKyf@Sm;oHawGudkjum;7
awmhwmygy J?
84
aumifrav;ESpfa<mufvnf;a_cvSrf;wHk h7yfoGm;w<f? _yD;awmh
ESpfa<mufom;rwdkifyif7yJeJha_cazgheif;_yD;tcef;wHcg;0udkcsOf;uyfoGm;ju
w<f? aemufawmhtomav;tcef ;xJud kacsmi f ;junf hjuwmayg h ?
vufpowfawmharmi farmi futd ki f7i f ;ud ktxyfc d k ;ay:utdy fce f ;xJ
awmifa7mufatmifac:roGm;awmhyJ {nfhcef;eJ huyf7uftcef;av;xJu
cHwifav;ay:rSmyJwif_yD; vd k;aewmudk;?
_ri f7w J h _ ri fu Gi f ;uawm h wu<f7ufa7my gw<fav?
acsmif;junfhvdkufjuwJhaumifrav;ESpfa<muf[m t7rf;udk7ifzdkoGm;ju
7wmyJ?
Ø b<fES<fhvJtdkif7if;- -igvdk;wmcHvdkhaumif;7Jhvm;? ighvD;juD;
u eif htjudKufjuD;juD;@Snf@SnfwkwfwkwfjuD;r[kwfvm;- - ×
armifarmif7J hwpfwpfcGc Ga_ymqd kar;_ref;oHuk djum;7w<f?
' g w i f b< f [ k w f r S m v J ? v S K y f @ S m ; y H k a w G u d k y g
uGufuGufuGif;uGif;_rif7ao;w<fav?
85
tif;- -armifarmif[mt0wftpm;awGr@S dawmhbl;?
ud k<fwH k;vH k ;juD;?
yu fvu fuav; _zp f a ew J ht d k i f 7i f ;u d k< f ay :wu fc G _ y D ;
zifa_ymifjuD;wvSKyfvSKyfe J h ukef;umuGumvdk;aewmav?
_r<rif;wd k hacsmif;junf haewJ hae7muqdk7ifvD;e J hapmufzkwfwyf7uf
o m ; j u D ; _ z p f a e w m u d k a o a o c s m c s m _ r i f 7 w m a y g h ?
armifarmif7JhvD;wefwkwfwkwf@Snf@SnfjuD;utdkif7if;7Jhapmufzkwfav;xJ
wd k ;0i f _ye fx Guf _zp faewmud k junf h7i f ; _r<ri f ;e J h< k<karm fw d k h
E Sp fa<muftouf@SLawGrSm;ukefjuw<f?
a r m i f a r m i fut d k i f 7 i f ;u d k c s a e y H ku d k jun f h 7wmu d ku
bmajumi f hr Se f ;rody gb l ; ? _r<ri f ;7 J h7rufp dw fawGud kt7r f ;u d k
_yif;xefvmapw<f?
td ki f7if;ud kvd k ;aewJ harmifarmif7J hvD;juD;rdr dapmufzkwfxJud kxd k ;xnfh
86
_ y D ; v d k ; v m 7 i f b< f v d k r s m ; a e r v J q d k w J h t a w G ; u
_r<rif;7J hacgif;xJrSmtxif;om;ay:vmw<f?
'DtawG;u_r<rif;7JhumrcvkwfawGudkxdk;zGifhvdkufovdkyJ? _r<
rif;7J hapmufzkwfxJrSmt7nfjunfawGt7rf;ud kpd kvmw<f?
Ø tvdk;cHvdkhaumif;7Jvm;vdkhar;aewmrjum;bl;vm;aumifrav;
a_z7ifa_zaemf? r[kwf7ifeif hapmufzkwfpkwf_ywfxGufoGm;atmifud k
wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufr<f bmrSwfovJ? ×
armifarmif7Jh_cdrf;a_cmufpum;oHudkjum;7awmh _r<rif;eJh<k<k
armfwdk hESpfa<muf wpfa<mufvufwpfa<mufwif;wif;juyfjuyfjuD;
qkyfud ki fvd kufrdw<f?
td ki f7if;tpm; olwd k hausmcsrf;oGm;juwmayg h?
a_ym7if;eJ harmifarmifucyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufwm
wb G y f b G y f to H aw G ao m ao mu d k n H o G m ; aw m hw m y g y J ?
taqmi f h c H a e7w J ht d k i f 7 i f ; 7 J h z i f ju D ;[mvn f ; ar G h 7 may :u
juGwufvmvdkuf| tdueJ_yefusoGm;vd kufayg h?
87
Ø tm;[m;[m[ OD;armif7<f- -[if h[if h ×
A d kv fu_ym ;rav;7 J h y g ;py fucy fo J ho J htoHav;a7@ Gw fnnf ;w Gm ;
w<f? axmifay;xm;7wJhaygifvHk;juD;awGwqwfqwfvSKyfcgvmw<f?
vufuav;ESpfbufuvnf;tay:uaqmifhvdk;aeolarmifarmif7Jhausm_yif
juD;ud k cyfwif;wif;zufwG<fvmw<f?
Ø [ifh- -aqmifhygOD;armif7Jh- -aqmifhprf;yg- -OD;armifaqmifh
vdk;wmodyfudkcHvdkhaumif;wmyJ? aqmifhav- -wtm;aqmifh tdkif7if;7Jh
tzkwfxJrSm_ynf hodyfoGm;atmifud k aqmif hay;prf;ygOD;armif7<f- -
cHvd k haumif;vGef;vd k hyg? ×
' Dvd ka_ym7if ;tdxGm; _zLaz G ;wJ hzi fqH k juD;ud kvnf;t_ywfud kaumhay;
w<f? a0h0d kufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;w<f?
tif;- -armifarmifb<faeEd lifawmhrSmvJ? i<fi<facsmacsm
aumifrav;u7ruf_yif;_yif;eJ hawmif;wvdkufwJhtoHu armifarmifudk
E Gm;od k ;judK;_ywfvd kt7rf;ud kE SmxefoGm;apw<f?
88
td ki f7i f ;a _ymvd ku fwJ hpum;vH k k ;awGu 7ruf _yi f ;apwm
r [ k w f b l ; ? t o H u v n f ; w d k ; w d k ; r # i f ; r # i f ; a v ; e J h ?
jum;vd ku f7wJ h _r<ri f ;e J h< k<karm fw d k h awmi ft_ywfp dw fvS Ky f@ Sm ;
ukefjuw<f?
armi farmi fuvnf ;p dw fxxe J ht7r f ;u d k aqmi f hv d k ;awm hwmy gy J ?
olhvD;acsmif;juD;uwbGyfbGyftoHawGeJhtwl tdkif7if;7JhapmufzkwfxJudk
t@Sdef_yif;_yif;0ifaew<f? olha~G;OwGJjuD;awGuawmh tdkif7if;7Jhwifyg;qHk
_zL_zLazG;azG;juD;ud k wzwfzwf@d kufrdaewmyJ?
'gawGudkjunfhaejum;ae7_yD; olomtdkif7if;ae7mrSm@Sdae7ifvdk h
p d w f u l ; < O f a e r d w J h _ r< r i f ; w p f a< mu f Ø _ y D ; × v kv k
ta_ctaeawmifa7mufvm7w<f?
Ø vm[m- -igwdkhtxyfcdk;ay:udkoGm;jupdkh? olwdkhvkyfaewmudk
junfh_y D; igpdwfawGt7rf;xae_yD ×
89
< k< k a r m f u _ r< r i f ; u d k w d k ; w d k ; a v ; a _ y m w< f ?
tomtem;uyf_yD;a_ymrdwmajumifh _r<rif;eJ h<k<karmfwdk hESpfa<muf
udk<fvH k;csif;xdrdjuw<f?
< k< k a r m f[m _ r<ri f ; 7 J h t7 i f ; E S D ;q H k ;o l i< f c s i f ; y g ?
ausmif;rSmqdk7ifwpfcHkxJawmiftwlwlxdkifcJhjuwm? <k<karmfeJhxdrdwm|
ud ki fr dwmbmqef;vd k hvJ?
a [ m - - t c k a w m h c g w d k i f ; v d k r [ k w f a w m h b l ; ?
< k< k a r m f e J h u d k < f c s i f ; x du y f r d w J h t c g _ r<r i f ; o d y f u d k
p dwfvSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7wmyJ?
_r<rif;[m<k<karmfeJhtwlvdkufoGm;_yD; oli<fcsif;ESpfa<muf
ayG hzufyGwf7ufay;zd k hawmifpdwful;rdw<f?
'gayr<fhtdkif7if;udkarmifarmifuaqmifhvdk;aewJh wbGyfbGyfwzGwf
zGwftoHawG7<f| td ki f7if;7J ht7omawGh_y D; wtif htif hw[if h[if h
a7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHawG7<f| tm;pdkufcGefpd kufaqmifhvdk;ae7wmajumifh
90
armi f armi f 7 J hw@ S L ; @ S L ;w@ S J @ S J e J htouf@ S L _ yi f ; aeo Haw G7< fu
_r<rif;7J hp dwfud kwpfrs d K ;wpfzH ka_ymif;vJapw<f?
rdef;rcsif;b<fvdkyGwfyGwf| erf;erf;| 7uf7uf| pkyfpkyf| olhrsufpd
a @ S h r S m _ r i f a e 7ov d k a<mu f s m ;v D ; e J h tv d k ; c H 7wmavmu f
t7omrawGhE d li fbl;qd kwm_r<rif;pOf;pm;rdw<f?
_r<ri f ;7 J h ao G ;om ;aw GuvD ;u d kwr f ;waew<fv d k hq d k 7r S may g h ?
a<mufsm;vd k ;wmud kc Hcsi faew<fav?
'gajumif h _r<rif;u<k<karmfud ktomav;wGef;z<fypfvd kufw<f?
Ø ig- -eifeJhrvdkufawmhbl;? [dk- -rmvmeJhOD;wdkhqDudkeifyJoGm;
_yD; rmvmaumif;aumif;tvdk;cHEd lifzd k heifulay;vdkuf? igawmh'DrSmyJaecJh
r<f? ×
_r<rif;ucyfwd k ;wd k ;av;_yefa_ymw<f?
91
<k<karm f[m_r<ri f ;e J hyvl ;c si fayr<f hac:vd k hr7E d li fr Se f ;o dawm h
olwpfa<mufwnf;yJtomxGufoGm;w<f?
armifarmifeJhtdkif7if;wdkhvdk;aejuwJhtcef;wHcg;0rSm _r<rif;wpf
a<mufwnf;usefaecJ hwmayg h?
<k<karmfxGufoGm;Iwpfa<mufwnf;usefaeaomtcg _r<rif;
tawmfav;pdwfvGwfud k<fvGwf@S doGm;onf?
_r<ri f ;onfarmi farmi fE Si f ht d ki f7i f ;wd k hv d k ; juaqmfjuwmawGud k
yd kIteD;uyfjunfhvdkvmonf? vdk;oH| aqmfoH| t7omawGhoGm;oHrsm;
dudkvnf;ydkIus<fus<fjum;vdkvmonf? xdkajumifhtcef;0rSacsmif;junfh
ae7mrS tomyiftxJod k hav#mufvSrf;0ifvmonf?
r dr d0i fvmonfud kt d ki f7i f ;E Si f harmi farmi fwd k h7 dy fr do Gm ;r Smud kvnf ;
aw G ; ry l awm h y g ? o do G m ;v d k hvn f ;v d k ; a e juo lE S p f a<mu fu
pdwfqd k ;r Smr[kwfwmudk _r<rif;aumif;aumif; odonf?
xd kajumif htcef;xJod k hcyf7J7Jyifav#mufvSrf;0ifa7mufoGm;onf?
92
vd k ; aumi f ; c H aumi f ; _ y D ;t@ S d e fwu faeavjuaomp H kw G Juawm h
_r<rif;0ifvmonfud krodjuao;? tm;7yg;7vd k;aejuonf?
_r<ri f ;onfarmi farmi fE Si f ht d k i f7i f ;w d k humrpy f<Sufaejuonf h
cHwifab;em;od k hyifa7mufvmonf? cHwifab;wGif' l;axmufxd ki fum
aoaocsmcsmud kjunfhonf?
TtcgwGifrS_r<rif;a7mufvmonfudkarmifarmifu7dyfrdoGm;onf?
armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;ud kp _ri fc gpuyi fody fud koabmusoGm;c J h
on f ? tu<fIol htae _zi f h p dw fw d k i f ;u sa@ G ;c s< fc G i f h @ S d c J hv #i f
_r<rif;ud kom t7ifqH k ;vd k ;z d k hac:rnf_zpfonf?
7efydkifpdk;utdkif7if;udkt0wfcÈwfum_ycJhonfhtwGuf| tdkif7if;u
vnf;_zL_zLawmifhawmifhacsmacsmvSvSav;_zpfaomajumifh armifarmif
onfbmr#a_ymraeawmhyJ td ki f7if;ud ky Jvd k ;z d k hac:cJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
<ck_r<rif;a7mufvmonfudkawGh7onfhtwGuf armifarmif
t7rf;udkauseyfoGm;onf? tdkif7if;_yD;onfESifh_r<rif;udkqufudkifvdkuf@Hk
@ S dawmhonfr[kwfygvm;?
93
armi farmi fonf_r<rif ;>vnf~ kwfud kqwfueJqG J<lcsvd kufonf
_r<rif;>rsufESmrSmarmifarmif>zifem;a7mufoGm;onf?
wpfvpfjuD;_zpfaeaomvD;ESi f hapmufzkwfwd k hud kvnf;xifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;
juD;_rif7avawmhonf?
Ø aoaocsmcsmjunfhaumifrav;? eifvnf;ighpum;em;axmif
_yD; iga_ymwJhtwdkif;vkyfr<fqdk7if olhvdkyJaumif;aumif;t7omcHpm;7
atmif igvkyfay;r<f ×
armi farmi f>a_ympum;rsm;onf7i f ho D ; _y D ;r dr dud kapm fum;arm fum;
_yK_cif;_zpfajumif;_r<rif;odonf?
od k h aom fxd ko d k h a _ymqd k _y Kr lonf htwGuf _r<ri f ;onfvH k ;0yi fp dw f
rqd k;Ed li fc J hay?
a' gotpm;aoG ;qlum7rufp dw fawGomy d kr d k _yi f ; _yxufoe fvm7
onf? _r<rif;>vufuav;wpfbufqefhxGufoGm;_yD; armifarmif>
94
a ~ G ; O w G J j u D ; w p f c k u d k to mt< mq k y f u d k i f v d k u f on f ?
tar $ ;r sm ;aygufae_y D ; y ly laE G ;aE G ; juD ; _zp fonf ha~ G ;OwG JvJjuD ;>
xdawGhr S Kt7omudk_r<rif;tawmfoabmusoGm;onf?
armifarmifutdkif7if;udkaqmifhvdk;aecsdef_zpf7m a~G;Orsm;ut_idrf
rae? wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfaeonf?
u d k atmi fx l ;>a~ G ;Or sm ;u d kq7mra':xm;7i futir f ;r7p ky fay ; |
7 u f a y ; c J h y H k r s m ; u d k _ r < r i f ; _ y e f _ r i f a < m i f v m on f ?
_ r<ri f ;>p dw f aw Gt7r f ;v S K y f @ S m ;vmon f ? a~ G ; O r s m ;u d k
7ufay;vd kp dwfawGuvnf; odyfud k _yif;_yvmonf?
_r<rif;updwfudkcsKyfwnf;atmifhtnf;rxm;awmh? tomyifa@Sh
o d k h u d k i f ;u m e D 7 J p d k p Gw f aom @ S muav ;u d kwp fvp fx kw f I
armifarmif>a~G;OjuD;wpfvH k ;ud ktom7ufay;vd kufonf?
Ø tm;- -@S D ;- -[kwf_yD- -[kwf_yD- -7ufay;av?
aumif;aumif;7ufay;- -odyfud kaumif;wmyJ [if; ×
armifarmi f7 J hauseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfvd kufoHrsm;ay:vmonf? xd k
95
toHrsm;onf_r<rif;>r7Jw7Jav;_zpfaerSKud kyaysmufoGm;aponf?
_r<ri f ;onfa~ G ;Or sm ;u d k@ S m _zi f htm;7y g ;7yi f7ufay;vd k ku fonf?
xd kr#ru yg;pyf_zif hi H kIyifpkyfay;vd kufao;onf?
Ø tm;yg;- - ×
armi farmi fonfy g ;py fr Sausey fp G ma7@ Gw f7i f ;wtm;ud k aqmi f h c s
vdkufonf?
Ø bGyf- -bk- - ×
Ø [if h- -OD;armif- - ×
vD;0i foGm;oHE Si f htd ki f7i f ;>auseyftm;7pGm_rnfwrf;vd kufoHrsm;ud k
yg _r<rif;jum;7onf?
_r<rif;rSmvnf;tawmfav;oabmusoGm;um armifarmif>
a~G;Orsm;udkcyfjurf;jurf; tmom_yif;_yif;ESif hqufI7ufay;pkyfay;av
awmhonf?
96
armifarmiftzdk hrSmvnf;olhpdwfudkxdef;rxm;Ed lifawmh? olha~G;O
awGudki<fi<fElElaumifrav;u@Sm_zifh7uf| yg;pyf_zifhpkyfay;aerSKonf
armifarmif>umrpdwfqif@d ki f ;ud kt_ywfud kr ke f<d koGm;aponf?
armi farmi fonfp dw fxx_zi f ht7r f ;u d k aqmi f hv d k ;yp fv d ku fonf?
olh7ifcGifatmuf@SdAd kvfu_ym;rav;tdkif7if;c_rmrSmawmh tm;_yif;xdrdvS
onfhaqmifhvdk;csufrsm;udk rdef;rl;vl;vGefhoGm;atmifyifcH7avawmhonf?
Ø tdkif7if;a7- -eif_ref_ref_yD;rS_zpfawmhr<f? igawmhodyfjum
jumrxdef;xm;Ed lifawmhbl;? v7nfawGxGufukefawmhr<f?- -aumh-
-aumh- -zifud kaumh- - ×
armifarmifonftHudkwif;wif;judwfuma_ym7if; '7jurf;yif
aqmif hvd k;onf?
wu<fawmhtdkif7if;udkt_refqHk; Ø_yD;× atmifvkyfzd k hawG txl;
a_ymqd kwd kufwGe f;p7mrvd kyg?
armi farmi f>aqmi f hc su fr sm ;onftxl ;yi fx dr d _yi f ;xe fv Say7m
97
tdkif7if;rSmvnf;b<frSmv#ifjumjumqufaeEd li fygrnfenf;?
armi farmi favmaqm fa _ymqd konf hpum;r sm ;u d kyi ft d k i f7i f ;c _rm
rjum;Edlifyg? tdkif7if;onftonf;cdkufatmifxdrdvSaomaqmifhvdk;csuf
rsm;udkcH7if; zifqHkjuD;aumhys HvSKyf@Sm;aeovdk acgif;uvnf;b<fnm
<rf;cgaeonf?
armi farmi f>ausmud kvnf ;vufonf ;r sm ; _zi f hwtm;ud k
ukwf_cpfonf?
Ø tm;yg;yg; OD;7<f- -[if h--td ktarh- -tm; ×
A d kvfu_ym;rav;>yg;py fr Sa7@ Gwfnnf;wGm;oHrs d K ;p H kay:xGufonf?
aqmi f hv d k ; a eon f r d k h t@ S d e f _ y i f ; _ y i f ;o Gu fvu f _ r e fqe f p G m
0i fx Gu fv S Ky f @ S m ; aeonf hv D ;we f ju D ;on f ai gu fawmu fav;
axmifaeaomapmufaphav;ud k t_ywfyifyGwfwd kufaeonf?
td ki f7if;c_rm aoG;om;tausmtcsOfawGtm;vH k;qlyGufv#uf
umrt7omtxGwftxdyfod k hwufvSrf ;a7muf@S doGm;avawmhonf?
98
Ø_yD;× orSxdef;rEdlifodrf;r7Edlifawmhatmifudk Ø_yD;× oGm;7_cif;_zpf
onf?
xd kod k h Ø_y D ; × oGm;c J h _y D ;aemuf td ki f7i f ;c_rmaoG;om;rsm;
q ly Gu fv S K y f @ S m ; r S k '^ fu d k rc H E d l i f y J owdvp fov k d yi f _ zp fo G m ;
cJ havawmhonf?
armifarmifudkwtm;yifzufwG<fxm;onf? 7ifuvnf;t_ywf
ud kc ke fonf? acgif;xJ7Da0aemufusdaeonf?
xdktcsdefwGifarmifarmif>vD;wefxdyfzsm;rSvnf; okwf7nfrsm;
yspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufvmcJ honf?
armi farmi fonfr de f ;rrc s7y J@ S d c J honfr S mwp fvce f hyi f jumae _y D ?
onfawm ho l h a~ G ;Or smx Jw Gi fo d k av Smi fxm;aomokw f7n faw Gu
o d y f u d k r s m ; on f ? w^ S m _ y i f ; x e f a ev G e f ; c s d e f r d k h vn f ;
okwfxGufuodyfud kjurf;onf?
ylaEG;yspfcÈJaomokwf7nfrsm;onf tdkif7if;>apmufacgif;xJwGif
t_ynf htv#H_zpfonf? t_yifod k hyiftefxGufukefonf?
99
onfvdkokwfxGufjurf;rSKuvnf; tdkif7if;>pdwfudkt7rf;yif
vSKyf@ Sm;aponf? aoG;om;awGtpGrf;ukefqlyGufaponf?
tdkif7if;onfwpfudk<fvHk;aumhwufonf? armifarmifudkwtm;
zufonf? xdkaemufwGifawmhacgif;xJ7Da0um armuspGmtdyfarmusoGm;
avawmhonf?
olr>t7rf;vS Ky f@ Sm;c J h7aomaoG;om;E Si f htm@H kajumrsm;utem;<l
zd k hvd kae_yDav?
Ad kvfu_ym;rav;acGaysmhndrfusoGm;aomfvnf; armifarmifu
awmhqufIzifwvSKyfvSKyf_zpfaeqJ? olhvD;xdyfrSokwf7nfawGuawmh
yspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufaeqJ?
aemufqH k ;w Gi fr Sarmi farmi f>vS Ky f@ Sm ;r S Kvnf ;7y fwe f h _i dr fusoGm ;
onf?
100
_ r<ri f ; r S m awm h7ru fr D ; aw Gt7r f ; avmi f _ r d Ku f ae _y D ?
armi f armi f>a~ G ; Or s m ;u d ktir f ; r7yi f7u fay ; | p k y f ay ;ae7m
toufud kyifrenf;@SL7onf?
t d ki f7i f ;>apmufz kw fx Jr Sarmi farmi f>vD ; ju D ; _y Kw fusxGufvm
aomfvnf; _r<rif;uawmha~G;Orsm;ud k7ufay;pkyfay;aewkef;?
tzkwfxJr Sv# HxGufp D ;usvmaomokwf7nfrsm;E Si f hapmuf7nfjunf
rsm;onfa~G;Orsm;ay:udkyga7mufvm7m <if;t7nfrsm;udk_r<rif;7ufrd
pkyfrdonf?
_r<rif;rSm@GH@Smzdk hyifrodawmh? iHusdusdt7omESifh !SDpkdpdk7eHhav;
rsm;udkyif pGJrufIoGm;avao;onf? _r<rif;utmom_yif;_yif;ESifha~G;O
wGJvJrsm;udktirf;r77ufaepkyfae7m aemufqHH k;wGifarmifarmifyifrcHEd lif
awmhyJ _r<rif;>acgif;ud ktomqGJz<fypfvd kuf7onf?
olonfvnf;okwf7nfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;v$wfxkwfay;vd kuf7_y Dr d k h
tawmfarmaeonf?
101
armi farmi fonfa~ G ;Ouke f ;7ufaeaom_r<ri f ;ud ktomqG Jz<f _y D ;
yufvufvSeftdyfvd kufonf?
Ø a[h- -csmwdwfr awmfawmhuGm- -t7rf;a[mhraeeJ h?
igc^em;csifao;w<f? _yD;awmhrif;tvSnf hayg h- - - ×
xd ko d k h a _ym _y D ;armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;u d ktomqG J< lv d ku fonf?
_r<rif;onfarmifarmifqG J<l7mod k htvd kufoif hyifygoGm;onf?
xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;u d kE S Kw fcr f ;c si f ;uy fump ky fer f ;
onf? _r<rif;uyg;pyfudktvdkufoifh[ay;vdkuf7m armifarmif>@Smu
wdk;0ifvmv#uf_r<rif;u @SmESi f h@ Smcsif;uvdonf?
_ r<ri f ;on f a r m i f a r m i f hu d k c y fwi f ;wi f ; zu fon f ?
o l r> c È e f au m h a e ao m E d k h o D ; av ; r s m ;u a r m i f a r m i f >
7ifbwfom;ud kp l;0ifxdrdonf?
_r<rif;>em;xJwGifnnf;!La7@GwfoHrsm;cyfoJ hoJ hjum;7onf?
102
yx r aw m h b m o H a w G r S e f ; r o d ? a e m u f r S r m v mw i f >
tys d K7nfud k7e fy d ki fp d k ;u 7<lvd k ;ae7mr Say:vmaom7cd ki frav;>
nnf;wGm;oHrsm;_zpfonfud k _r<rif;7dy fr donf?
rmvmwif>atmfoHwGifemjuifrSKrsm;a7maeonf? 7efyd kifpd k;u
cyfjurf;jur;fqufqHaeyHk7onf? _r<rif;onfrmvmwifudkoem;ovdk
vd k _zpfrdonf?
armi farmi f>vufr sm ;u_r<ri f ;>7i fom;z l ;z l ; i H k i H k av;r sm ;u d k
tkyfud ki fvmonf? cyfwif;wif;qkyfe<f_yD;Ed k hoD;rsm;ud k vdrfqG Jonf?
_r<rif;rSmzde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfaeonf?
_ r<ri f ;on farmi f armi f>ab;em ;w G i ftomyi fv S JIaeon f ?
armifarmifhaygifjum;rStdkif7if;udkvdk;_yD;umpvD;juD;u t7nfawGpdkv#uf
aysmhacGaeonf?
armifarmifu_r<rif;udktomzuf<lvdkufonf? _r<rif;onf
103
armifarmif>udk<fay:7ifcsif;tyfv#ufom;a7mufoGm;onf? armifarmif
>vufrsm;u_r<rif;>ausm_yifwav#muftomyGwfoyfvmonf?
_r<rif;>vHk;uspfaeaomwifyg;ud kqkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfonf?
Ø rif;7Jhzifuwif;_yD;tdaewmyJ? rif;vdkaumifri<fi<fav;awG
7J h zifvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfav;awGud kigodyfud ki fy Gwfcsifwm? b<fvd kvJ
igzifyGwfay;wmudk rif;vnf;oabmusw<fr[kwfvm; ×
armifarmifuzifud ki fjunfh7if;a_ymonf?
yóryd kif;ar#mfyg?
1
Þ q,fausm foufuav;rsm;(5) ß
Þ ri f ;7 J h zi fu wi f ; _y D ;t d aewmy J ? ri f ;v d k aumi frav;
i<fi<fav;awG7 J h zi fv H k ;v H k ;usp fusp fav;awGud k i go dy fu d ki fc si f
yGwfcsifwm? b<fvd kvJ igzifyGwfay;wmudk rif;vnf;oabmusw<f
r[kwfvm; ß
armifarmifu _r<rif;>zifud kud ki fjunfh7if;a_ymonf?
Þ orD;- -[dk- -[dk- - ß
_r<rif;>pdwfawGt7rf;ud kvSKy f@ Sm;aeonf? _yefa_ym7efpum;
ud kyi f pO f ;pm ;vd k h r7? armi farmi fuawm h touf(14)E Sp ft@ G<f
aumifrav;>vH k ;uspfwif;7if;aomzifom;rsm;ud k Zdr f<lumud ki fwG<f
yGwfoyfIaeonf?
wifyg;qH kud kvuf_zif hy Gwfoyfud ki fwG<f@k Homru tqef;vnf;
xGi fum t7om<lavao;onf? yxrqH k ;aumifrav;>apmuf7nf
junfawGp d kp Gwfaeaomapmufacgi f ;xJod k h vuf!S d K ;ud ktomxd k ;xnf h
onf? vuf!S d K ;wGifapmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jus dus dawGayusHp Gwfpd kuke fatmif
_y Konf? onfaemufawm h apmuf7nfjunfawGp d k@ $ J ayus Haeaom
vuf!S d K ;u d k aumi frav;>zi ftuG Jajumi f ;wp fav#mufy Gw fqG Jvm
2
onf? vuf!S d K ;xdyfu zif0wnfhwnfhod k ha7mufaomtcg tom7yf
onf?
_yD;awmh _r<rif;>plwlwlptd k0av;ud k vuf!S d K ;vufrxdyf_zif h
tomzday;vd kuf yGwfay;vd kufESif huvdaeonf?
td k- -_r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;rSmawmh 7ifwzd kz d k | tonf;
wat;at;_zpfae7awmhwmygyJ? wpfud k<fvH k ;vnf;qwfueJud kwkefoGm;
wJhtxd? <m;usdusdeJ hwpfrs d K;_zpfwmrd k h a_czsm;av;awGawmifaumufauGh
vSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7w<f?
Þ ri f ;oabmusaew<fqd kwm igodygw<faumifrav;7m?
ri f ;vd ki<fi<f@ G<f@ G<fe J h aoG;om;ql_z d K ; _y D ;p dwfxaewJ haumifrav;
awGud k 'Dvd krs d K ;ud ki fay;7r<fqd kwmigodygw<f- - ß
armifarmifuqufa_ymaeonf? ol>avoHrsm;u wu<fhud k
y d ki fE d li faeonfhavoH? yd ki fp d k ;y d ki feif;@S dvSonfhta_ymtqdk?
_r<rif ;r Smawmh armi farmi f7 J hpum;awGud kem;axmifae7wm
ud ku wpfrs d K ;7rufjuGp7m_zpfaew<f? tif;- -rde f ;rawG7J hobm0
pdwfuvnf; tqef;om;uvm;? juifjuifememeJ htvd kvd kuf<k<wm
3
udk om<mwwfovdk| olwdk htay:yd ki fpd k ;yd ki feif;tEd li f<lwmudk oabmus
wwfjuw<fav?
Þ igvky for#tm;vH k ;ud k rif;ody foabmus_y D ;p G JrufuÈrf ;usi f
oGm;atmif igoif_yay;rSmayg haumifrav;7m? at; igvd k;vd k hr_yD;cifrSm
ud k rif;[mirf;irf;wuf_zpf_yD; t7rf;juG@Gvmap7r<f? r<Hk7ifapmif h
omjunfh ß
'Dvd ka_ym7if;armifarmifonf _r<rif;>zif0ud kawhyGwfaeonfh
vuf!S d K;ud k tm;pd kufumzdxd k;vd kufonf? _r<rif;>ptdkrSmarmifarmif>
vuf!S d K ;xdyf _zif huvdqGay;rS kajumif h <m;us dus dE Si f hqlyGy G _zpfaeay7m
zdxd k ;vd kufonfhvuf!S d K ;xdyfyd ki f ;vufwpfqpfomomcef h usOf;juyfonfh
zifacgif;aygufxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;onf?
Þ td k- -[if h- -OD;armif- - ß
zifaygufxJvuf!S d K;xdyf0ifvmaomtcg aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS
a7@GwfoHav;ESif htouf@SLrSm;oGm;oHuav;rsm;ay:vmonf?
armifarmifu zifacgif;aygufxJwd k ;0ifoGm;avaomvuf!S d K ;ud k
t_idr frxm;? vSnf hywfuvdonf? oGif;cs Dxkwfcs Dvkyfay;onf?
4
armifarmif>zif0ud kxd k ;uvdaerSKonf _r<rif;ud k"gwfvd kufovdk_zpfap
onf?
tuvdcHae7aomzif0rSaeI wpfud k<fvH k;od k hxl;_cm;onfh7ruf
vd S Ki f;rsm;_yef hE S H hoGm;onf? ajumufvef hp d k ;7 dr fr S KE Si f htwl @S de f ;@ S de f ; _r_rcHpm;
7avaomemovdkvd kE Si f haumif;vSonfhumrt7omyg?
armifarmifucsmwdwfrav;ud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym_yefonf?
Þ rif;odyftvdk;c Hcsi faew<fqd kwmud k igodygw<fcsmwdwfr7m?
'gayr<fhrif;awG hwJ htwd ki f;y J ig hvD;uaysmhusaew<fav? vD;awmifrS
vd k ;E d li fr SmuG? ' Dawmhig hvD ;ud kenf;enf;avmufp ky fay;aqmhay;ygvm;?
'Dvd kpkyfay;vd kuf7if ig hvD;[mcsufcsif;rwfawmifvmrSmyg? rif;vd kcsmwdwf
ri<fi<fav;awGpkyfay;7if ig hvD;rwfawmifwmcsnf;yJ? wu<fa_ym
wm- -uJ- -uJ- -pkyfay;vd kuf- -[kwfvm; ß
armifarmifonf yg;pyfuvnf;a_ym|vufuvnf;vS Ky f@ Sm;um
_r<rif;>ykcke f;rsm;ud k oefrmaomvufrsm;_zif hcyfwif;wif;qkyfuk di fum
tomwGef;csonf?
_r<rif ;>ud k<fav;r Sm armi farmi f>ud k<fatmufy d ki f ;qDod k h
5
av#musonf? armi farmi f>aygi fc G jum;r Scy faysm haysm hvD ;wefjuD;uk d
_r<rif;xdawGhrdonf?
O D ;armi fuig hud k ol h[mjuD;p ky fay;c d ki f ;awmhrvd k hy gvm;?
TtawG;u_r<rif;>7rufpdwfud k [kef;ueJawmufavmifvm
aponf?
ol h[mju D ;u d k i g h y g ; py fx Jxnf h _ y D ;tm ;7y g ;7p ky f ay ;apc si f
a e w m y g v m ; ? _ y D ; a w m h ' D v d k p k y f a y ; 7 w mu d k vn f ;
i g htaee J ho dy foabmus7r<fvd k hvnf; oltyd ki fwGufxm;y H ky J- -
ig- -ig- -tJ'gjuD;ud kpkyfay;7wmudkwu<fyJoabmusrSmwJhvm;-
-
_r<ri f ;>E ki<faomO D ;aE SmufxJwGi f tawG;aygi f ;p H kw d k h _zi f h
@ S Ky faxG;aeayonf?
armifarmif>vdkvm;csufrSm @G H@ SmzG<faumif;onfht_yKtrlwpfck
[kvnf;_r<rif;awG;junfh@ Smao;onf?
ud katmifxl;>tEl di ftxufapcd ki f;rS Kt7 vD;pkyfay;cJ h7avaom
6
q7mra':xm;7i f>toGi ft_yi fonf _r<ri f ;>p dw ftm@ k Hx Jw Gi f
_zwfueJay:vmonf? _r<rif;c_rmvD;pky fay;7rSmud kajumufvmonf?
@G H@ Smvmonf?
wpfcs de fwnf;r Smyif olr>Ed k ;jum;wufjuGvmonf h7rufaZm
t[kefuvnf; txl;yif_yif;xefvmonf?
7rufpdwfud kr dr dtae_zif hb<favmufjumjumxdef;xm;Ed li fr SmvJ
7rufpdwfud kcÈe f ;tky fumrxdef ;E d li fy JvGwfxGufoGm;v#if q7mra':xm;
7ifvd kyif vD;juD;ud ktirf;r7ESif htm;yg;w7juD;ud kp ky fay;rdayawmhrnf?
ody ftvGe ftuÈ HawG _zp fruke fr D tcs de fr Dx de f ;o dr f ;r S[ kvnf ;
_r<rif;uawG;rdonf?
armifarmifu| _r<rif;pdwfxJwGif_zpfay:aeonfwd k hud k tuJ
cwfrdyH k7onf? olhvufrsm;u aumifrav;ud kwif;juyfpGmcsKyfud ki fum
wGef;csae7m aemufqH k;wGifawmh_r<rif;c_rm armifarmif>aygifjum;rS
vD;wefjuD;ud krsufESmtyf7ufom; arSmuf7ufruswustaetxm;rs d K;_zif h
arG h7may:wGif cyfum;um;uav;_zpfoGm;7avonf?
armi farmi fu _r<rif ;>qHyi f@ Snfrsm;ud k vuf_zi f hud ki f _y D ;
7
tomqGJvd kuf7m _r<rif;>acgif;av;armhwufoGm;avonf?
Þ vdrRmprf;ygaumifrav;7? uJ- -uJ rif;yg;pyfav;[_yD;
@ S mav;x kw fv d ku fpr f ; - - _y D ; awm hi g hv D ;u d k rw fawmi fvmw J htx d
tomav;7ufay; pkyfay;? vD;awmifvmw<fqd kwmeJ h rif;ud kcsay;
r<f ß
armifarmifonf _r<rif;>acgif;rSqHyifrsm;ud kvufwpfbuf_zif h
tomudki fumrxm;_yD; usefvufwpfbuf_zif h aysmhaeaomvD;acsmif;ud k
tomqkyfud ki f<lum aumifrav;>ESKwfcrf;rsm;ud k xduyfyGwfay;onf?
aysm hac GavaeaomvD;wefxdy fy d ki f ;u rdr d>ES Kwfcrf;E Si f hy g ; _yi f
wd k hud k xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrdonfud k _r<rif;cHpm;7onf? _yD;awmhpdwfxJrSm
vnf; t7rf;ud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeav7m yg;pyfav;ud k[um vD;wefjuD;ud k
7ufay;pkyfay;vd kp dwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:aygufvmonf?
r dr duTod k hvky fay;vd kufv#i f aysm husaeavaomvD;wefjuD;
awmifrwfumrmajumvmavrnfvm;[kvnf; odvd kp dwfawG_yif; _ypGm
ay:aygufvmonf?
onfaemufawmh _r<rif;>yg;pyfuav;tvdkvd kyif[oGm;onf?
8
b<fvd kub<fvd kr dr dy g ;py f[oGm;onfqd k _ci f ;ud kyi f _r<rif ;rodyg?
[oGm;aomyg;py fxJod k hvD ;wefxdy fz sm;y d ki f ;wd k ;0i fa7muf@ S dvmaomtcg
wGifrS rdrdonfyg;pyf[ay;v#ufvD;udkpkyfay;rdv#ufom;@S dae_yD_zpfajumif;
_r<rif;odavawmhonf?
Þ tdtk- -tGwf- - ß
_r<ri f ;>yg ;py fxJr S ry Dro0d k ;w0g ;toHr sm ;ay:xGufonf?
wu<fawm h a<mi f<r f ;nnf ;!la7@ Gw fr d _ci f ; _zp fonf? od k h aom f
vD;ud kyg;pyfxJiH kxm;7aomajumif h ay:xGufvmonfhtoHrsm;u roJuG J?
_r<rif;onf yg;pyfxJ0ifvmavaom armifarmif>cyfaysm h
aysm hvdifwefud k @Smav;_zif htomvSnf hywfum7ufay;onf? vdifwef
wGifayusHaeavaomokwf7nfrsm;ESi f h td ki f7if;>apmuf7nfjunfawGud k
yg _r<rif;@SmESi f h7ufrdonf?
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -[kwf_yD- -'Dvd kr Sayg huG? tJ'Dvd krs d K ;vkyf7w<f?
yg;pyfuvnf;pky f- -@Smav;eJ hvnf;7uf- -'g[mvD;awmifvmatmif
vkyfay;Ed li fwJ htxda7mufqH k;enf;vrf;yJ- -rjumcifig hvD;juD;rwfawmif
vmygvdrf hr<f? apmif homjunfh ß
9
armi farmi f>ausey fp G ma7@ Gw fa _ymqd kv d ku fo Hay:x Gu fvm
onf? xd kavoHwGi f y d ki fp d k ;r S Koabmrsm;vnf;t_ynf hy g0i faeonf?
_r<rif;ud kolpdwfwd ki f ;usapcd ki f ;E d li fonf[k armifarmift_ywf<H kjunf
oGm;ay_yD?
armifarmifu <ckvd ky d ki fp d k ;y d ki fei f ;E Si f h npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ym
qd kaeyH kud k _r<rif;odyfrjudKufyg? _yDawmh _r<rif;>todpdwfuvnf;
onfvd kvD;pky fay;ae7onfhtvkyfrs d K ;ud k rvkyfvd k@ k d ;trSe fyg?
od k h7mwGif- - -?
<cktcgY_r<rif;rSm todpdwfyifr@S dawmhoavmuf_zpfaeonf?
qif_cifpOf ;pm;E d li fonf hp dwfuvnf; enf;enf;av;r#omusef@ S daeonf?
_yi f ; _ yaomtom7ru faZmt[ke fom _r<ri f ;>wp fu d k< fv H k ;u d k
tiftm;juD;rm;pGmv$rf;_cH KIxm;onf?
xd kajumif htenf;i<fr#omuse f@ S daeao;onf hqif_ci fwwfonf h
p dw fu b<fvd kr Sv d kvm; _ci f ;r@ S d y gy JE Si f h _r<ri f ;>yg ;py fuawm h
ao G ;om;qE N>vS H K h aqm fr S K _zi f h v D ;we f ju D ;u d k cy fwi f ;wi f ;i H k c Jum
yg;av;rsm;yde foGm;atmifyif tm;7yg;7pkyf<lay;vd kufavonf?
1 0
xdkod k hp ky fay;vd kufcs de fwGif yg;pyfxJ@S dvD;onf aig hueJwpfcsuf
_zp fovd k armifarmif>ud k<fonfvnf; qwfueJwGe f hc goGm;onfud k
_r<rif;odvd kuf7onf?
Þ tm;vm;vm; w<faumi f ;y gvm ;c s mw dw fr7? ri f ;u
ody f jumjum_yay;p7mrvd ky J c su fc si f ;v D ;p ky fwwfoGm ;y ga7mvm;?
ig hvD;ud kaumif;aumif;pkyfay;ayawmh- - ß
Tod k ha _ym7i f ; armi farmi fonf_r<rif ;>acgi f ;ud katmufod k h
z dcsum aumifrav;ud kol hvD;tukefvH k ;yg;pyfxJ0ifoGm;atmif twif;
tjuyfyif_yKvkyfvd kufonf?
yg;py f[umvD;xdy fy d ki f ;ud kp ky fay;aeonf_zp f7m acgi f ;ud kqG Jc s
vd kufaomtcg [aeaomyg;py fxJod k hvd ;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;yi f0i foGm;av
awmhonf? armifarmif>vD;rSm t_ynfht0rwfawmifae_cif;r@S dao;yg?
cy faysm haysm h@ S daeonf hvD;acsmi f ;juD;uyif rdr d>yg;py fxJwGi f
t_ynf htody f _zp faeonfud k _r<ri f ;aw G h@ S d 7onf? y g ;py fx Jw Gi f
vD;t_ynfhodyfovdk_zpfae7m _r<rif;rSmtoufud kyif tawmfjudK;pm;
@SLae7onf?
1 1
od k h aom f _r<ri f ;onf vD ;u d k _ye fx Gu fatmi fawm hrv ky fy g ?
toufud kwwfE d li for# jud K ;pm ;@ S L7i f ; yg ;py fx Ja7mufaeaomvD ;ud k
y g ;py f _zi f hp ky fonf? @ Smav;_zi f h7ufay;onf? yg;py fxJ@ S dvD ;wefjuD ;
rmajumum awmifwufvmonfud kod@ S d7avaomtcg _r<rif ;>
avmi f _r d Ku fp7rufr D ;v# Hr Sm wpf[ke fx d k ;yi fwd k ;wuf _yi f ;xe fvmav
awmhonf?
armifarmifonf _r<rif;>qHyifrsm;ud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fum
acgif;ud ktomqGJrvd kuf_yefonf? _r<rif;>acgif;av;juGwufoGm;ovdk
awmifrwfvmaomvD;wefjuD;vnf; wpf0ufausm fausm fce f hy g ;pyfxJr S
_yefxGufvmonf?
_y D ;awmharmifarmifonf_r<rif;>acgi f ;ud ktomatmuf_yefz dcs
onf? vD;uyg;pyfxJ_yef0ifonf? _r<rif;onf armifarmif>cyfjurf;
jurf;tEd li ftxuf_yKaerS Kud k vd kvm;p Gmyifc H<l7if ; vD;juD;ud kvnf;
tirf;r7yif cyfjurf;jurf;pkyfay;| 7ufay;onf? vD;wefjuD;uvnf;
w_znf; _znf;rmajumrwfawmifvmonf? xd kod k hv D ;wefjuD ;wpfc suf
yd krmum wpfcsufyd kawmifvmrS Kuyif _r<rif;tzd k hatmify G Jwpfrs d K ;vd k
_zpfaeonf?
1 2
_r<rif;onf vD;wefjuD;awmifrwfvmap7ef judK;judK;pm;pm;
yifpky fIay;aerdonf?
onfvd ktirf;r7ESi f hvS Ky f@ Sm; _yKr lae7if ;u rdr donf<ckvky fae
7aomtvkyfud k tvGefyifvd kvm;ESp foufoabmusaerd _y D _zpfajumif;
_r<rif;odvm7onf?
yg;pyfxJod k hvD;wefjuD;wd k ;0if_yefxGuf_zpfae7rSK | vD;acsmif;juD;
ud kp ky fay;7ufay;ae7rSK | vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyfxJod k h0ifoGm;avatmif
acgif;ud katmufod k hi H k hcsvd kufcs de frsm;wGif vdrfaumufaumufvD;ar$;rsm;_zif h
xdawG hae7rS kud k tm;vH k;ESp foufoabmuswmygyJ?
_yD;awmh olr>acgif;rSqHyifrsm;ud k armifarmifucyfwif;wif;
qky fud ki fum cyfjurf;jurf; _yKvky faerS Kud kvnf; oabmusaerdao;
onf?
armifarmifuawmh w[if;[if;wtD;tD;_zpfIaeonf? rdrd>
vD;p ky fay;r S Kud karmi farmi fwpfa<muftvGe fud koabmus_y D ;Z dr fawG hae
ajumif; _r<rif;aumif;aumif;odonf?
Þ vDxdyfyd ki f;ud kcyfememav;pkyfay;prf;? tm;xkwf_yD;- -@Smav;
1 3
eJ hvnf;7uftkef; tm;yg;yg; aumif;vd kufwm- - ß
armi f armi fon fo lv d k c s i fon f hv D ;p k y f ay ;r S K y H k p H r s d K ;u d kvn f ;
a_ym_yvrf ;!$e fay;avao;onf? 7rufr D ;avmi f _r d Ku fae_y D _zp faom
_r<rif ;c_rmr Smvnf; armi farmi fa_ymonf htwd ki f ; wpfoa0rwdr f ;
vd kufemum vD;pkyfay;aerdonf?
_r<rif;onf armifarmiftm;Zdrfusap7eftwwfEd li fqH k ;vkyfay;
aeonf? vD;pky fay;aeonfud karmifarmifut7omawGhovd k _r<rif;
tae_zif hvnf; vD;pkyfay;7onfud kp G Jrufum tvGefoabmusIaeonf?
vD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvmaomtcg <ckrwfawmif
aeav_yD _zpfaomvD;wefjuD;>xdyfy d ki f ;'p f _y JvefjuD;u tmacgi fud kxd
rdaxmufrdaeonf? _r<rif;tzd k h rmefxawmifrwfaeaomvD;wefjuD;
ud ky d ki fE d li fatmifp ky fray;Ed li fawmhyg? ud katmifxl;>vD;jud;ud k q7mr
a':xm;7ifpky fay;cJ hpOfu bmajumif hwtdtdwtktk_zif htouf@SLrSm;oH
awGay:xGuf7onfqd k _cif;ud k _r<rif;<ckrSyifud k<fawG hodum pmem
rdonf?
armifarmif>vD;onf udkatmifxl;ud krrDaomfvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;
xufawmhy d k juD;onf? t@Snfu(10)vufravmuf? vD;tvH k ;ywfu
1 4
awmh wpfvufrcG Javmufwkwfonf?
rme fxumrwfawmifaeav_y D _zp faomvD;juD ;r Sm _r<rif ;>
yg;pyfE Si f hyifrqef hcsi fawmh? rwfawmifrmajumaeaomvD;ud kp ky f7onf
rSm cyfaysmhaysmhvD;ud kp ky f7onfxuf yd kaumif;aomajumif h _r<rif;
uvnf;t7rf;ud kz Dvifwufaeonf? w_yGwf_yGwfwysyfysyf_rnfatmifyif
p ky fay;aerdonf?
Þ awmfavmuf_yD csmwdwfr7 ß
_r<rif;>em;em;od k huyfum armifarmifucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?
a_ym7if;_r<rif;>qHyifav;rsm;ud ktomqkyfud ki fqG Jronf?
_r<ri f ;onf acwWawm hawmi f hc Haeonf? acgi f ;u d krjuG ?
vD;pky f7wmud kvnf;tvGefrufarmae7m yg;pyfxJuvD;acsmif;juD;xGuf
oGm;rSmud kp d k ;onf?
od k haomfarmifarmifu qHyifud kcyfwif;wif;qG Jvd kuf_yD;- - -
Þ awmfavmuf_y Dvd k hi ga_ymaewmrjum;bl;vm;? bmajumif h
quf _y D ;p ky fae7wmvJ? ' Dvd kqufp ky fay;ae7i f ei f hy g ;py fx Jr Smwi f
1 5
ig hv7nfawGyef;xGufukefvdrf hr<f? ig hueif htzkwfud kvd k;7if; apmufacgif;
xJrSmyJ v7nfawGxnfhay;csifwm- -uJ- -awmfawmh ß
armifarmifu avoHrmrm_zif ha_ym7if; \r<rif;>acgif;ud k
qwfue JqG Jr<lvd ku fonf? qHyi fud ktwif ;qG Jumr<laomajumi f h
_r<rif;rSmawmif hc HraeEd li fawmhyJ acgif;av;armhwufoGm;onf? olru
qufpkyfay;csifao;aomfvnf; vD;wefjuD;uawmhyg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxGuf
oGm;cJ hav_yD?
vD;ud ktm;7yg;7pky fay;aeqJwGif yg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxGufoGm;_cif;
_zpf7m Ø_yGwf× ueJtoH_rnfonf? _r<rif;uvD;wefjuD;ud kjunfhvd kuf
rdonf?
vD;juD;onfoHacsmi f ;wr#yifrmawmifum rwfrwfjuD; _zp fae
onf? vD ;'p f _y Jve f ju D ;ue De D7 J7 J ? vD ;we fv H k ;yw fwav#mufw Gi f
tajumrsm;u_yd Ki f ; _y d Ki f ;xv#uf? xd k h _yifvD;wefwpfacsmif;vH k ;r Smvnf;
wHawG;awGp d k@ $ Jvufa_ymifaeonf? vD;wGi fayus Huma_ymifvufaeap
onfrSm rdr d>wHawG;rsm;_zpfonfqd kaomtodonf _r<rif;>7ruf
aZmxH kr $e f;aeaomaoG;om;wd k hud k auseyftm;7oGm;aponf?
Þ uJ- -vm- -x ightay:wufcG ß
1 6
armifarmi fonfyg;py fua_ym7if ; _r<rif;ud koefrmaomvuf
rsm;_zif h cyfjurf;jurf;yifqG Jxlyif h<lonf? _r<rif;vnf;armifarmif
qG Jac:xl7maemufod k htvd kufoif hyifygoGm;onf?
Todk h _zif h _r<rif;onf armifarmif>qD;pyfay:cGxd ki fv#ufom;
_zpfoGm;onf?
armifarmifonfatmufwGifyufvufpif;pif;tdyfae7mrS olhuk d<f
ay:wufc Gxm;avaomaumi frav;ud k at;pufaomt_y H K ; _zi f h _y H K ;I
junfhonf? _yHK;vd kuf_cif;_zpfaomfvnf;ajumufp7maumif;aomt_yHK;?
x d k r # ru armi f armi fon fvu fE S p fbu fu d kqe f hx kw fum
_r<rif;>ql_z d K ;p7ifom;zl ;av;rsm;xdy fr S pljuGaeavonfhE d k hoD;acgi f ;
av;rsm;ud k qG Jqdwfvd kufonf?
_r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;z de f;@ S de f ;oGm;onf? wu<fhud kqef;_ym;onfh
tawG hxl ;y gy J ? E l ;nH hvSwJ hE d k ho D ;acgi f ;av;awGud kqG Jqdwfvd kufwmu
emvSonf? wpfcs de fwnf;rSmyif xd kemjuifrS kt_yif wpfud k<fvH k ;wkef
o Gm ;apaomt7omxl ;wp fr s d K ;u d kvnf ; c Hpm ;7onf? emwmud kyi f
pG Jrufarmrdovdkvd k _zpfonf? xd kc Hpm;rS Kt7omxl;ajumif h _r<rif;onf
1 7
qHyif@Snf@Snfav;rsm;a0h0JoGm;atmifyif acgif;ud k<rf;cgvd kufrdonf?
wifyg ;qH kvH k ;vH k ;usp fusp fav;rsm;ud kvnf; vSKy f<rf;vd kuf7m
zifckxd ki fxm;avaomvD;wefjuD;ud k zifom;wif;wif;7if;7if;tdtdpufpu
rsm;u zdwd kufyGwfay;ovdkrs d K ;vnf;_zpfoGm;onf?
Þ ri f ;vnf ;t7r f ;a[m h _y D ; z Dvi fawGwufae_y Dr[kwfvm;
aumifrav; ß
armifarmifurcs d KrcsO f _y H K ;uma_ym7if; _r<rif;>tzkwfxJod k h
qwfueJvuf!S d K ;ud kxd k ;xnfhvd kufonf? _r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k ;wkefoGm;
_yefonf? yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtd k- -[if h OD;armif7<f× [ka7@Gwfrdonf?
wke fwcd kufc d kufE Si f h7ifz d karm[k dufoGm;7m armifarmif>ud k<fay:wufcG
xm;7mrS <drf;<d ki fvJrusoGm;avatmifrenf;yifjudK;pm;um [efcsuf
ud kxdef;ae7onf?
apmufacgif;xJwGif apmuf7nfjunfrsm;pd kae7m xdk;xnfhvd kuf
aomvuf!S d k ;uav#mueJ0ifoGm;_yD_zpfaomfvnf; wif;wif;juyfjuyfESif h
p D ;p D ;y d ki fy d ki f _zp faeajumif;ud kc Hpm;od@ S d7aomajumif h armifarmifvnf;
tawmfoabmusoGm;onf?
1 8
onfaumifrav;udk 7efyd kifpd k ;uwpfcs DawmhwG<f_yD;_yD_zpfajumif;
ud karmi farmi fodxm;_y D ; _zp fonf? 'gajumif hapmufacgi f ;aygufxJwGi f
tys d KarS;@S daernfvd k hawmh armifarmifar#m fvif hrxm;awmhyg? apmufacgif;
aygufuav;wif;wif;juyfjuyfpD;pD;yd ki fy d ki f@ S daev#if_yD;wmygyJ? <ckawmh
rdrdrSef;xm;onfxufyif apmufacgif;aygufav;uusOf;juyfaeaomajumifh
armifarmifodyfud kauseyfoGm;onf?
_yD;awmh_r<rif;qd konfhaumifrav;onf toufi<fao;aomf
vnf; 7m~juG<f_yD;7rufxefvSajumif;ud k armifarmiftuJcwfrdonf?
onfvd k^Smxe fonf hc smwdwfrr s d K ;v d k ;7wm oljur f ;ud k< f jur f ; _zi f h
odyfud kt7omawGhE d li fonfr[kwfygvm;?
Þ iguapmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;e J hp D ;p D ;y d ki fy d ki fav;awGud kr Svd k ;c si f
wm? ei f h apmu fz kw fuawm hi g htju d Ku fapmu fac gi f ;u sO f ;uav;y J ?
_yD;awmheifuvD;ud kodyfwrf;wae_yDr[kwfvm;? a_ymprf;ygcsmwdwfr7J h?
ei f h7 J hapmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;av;xJud k ih gvD;wefwkwfwkwfjuD;xd k ;oGi f ;
_yD;vd k ;wmudk eifodyfcHcsifae_yDr[kwfvm; ß
armifarmifonf_r<rif;ud k npfnrf;7ufa7mpGma_ymqd kaeonf?
onfvd kta_ymtqd krs d K ;ud k vGe fc J honf hoH k ;av;7ufavmufursm;jum;7
v#if _r<rif;onftjuD;tus<fpdwfqd k ;r dr SmtrSef?
1 9
<ckawmhonfvd kwp fwpfc Gc Ga _ymqd kr S Kud kem;axmi f7wmuyif
_r<rif ;tzd k ht7omwpfrs d K ; _zp faeonf? _r<rif ;onf@ Suf@ G H ha' go_zp f
7rnfhtpm; auseyfoabmuspGmyif olr>wifyg;qH kav;ud kvSKyf<rf;_yD;
v D ;E Si f h zi fom;juD ;x dawG hy Gw fw d ku fr datmi fv ky faeonf? ' gwi fru
apmufacgif;aygufxJxd k;xnfhxm;onfhvuf!S d K ;ud k yd k0ifvmatmifvnf;
a@S hod k haumhaumhay;aeonf?
acgif;ud kvnf;qwfueJndwf_yvd kufavao;onf?
Þ [kwf_yD- -eifuacgif;ndwf_yrSawmh igwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k;ju
@k Hy J@ S dawmhwmayg h [kwfvm; ß
armi farmi fuTod k ha _ym_y D ; _r<rif ;>cs d Ki f ;E Sp fbufjum;od k h
vufacsmi f ;r sm;xd k ;oGi f ;qky fud ki fum tomtay:od k ha Õrmufwifvk duf
onf?
_r<rif;>udk<ftvdkufoif hyif tay:od k hjuGwufonf?
armifarmifbmudkvd kcsifaerSef; _r<rif;>aoG;om;rsm;u tvdkvd k
yifodonf? xdkajumif h _r<rif;onf zifqH kav;yifcyfaumhaumhav;_yK
2 0
ay;vdkufonf? olr>apmufzkwfuawmh rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmif;
juD;>tay:wnfhwnfhr Sm?
Þ ig hvD;juD;ud kud ki f _y D; eif hapmufzkwft0wnfhwnfhr Sm awhay;
vd kufprf;? eif hud kigtomqGJaÕrmufay;xm;r<f ß
armifarmi fua_ymqd kapcd ki f ;onf? onfvd k _yKr lvky faqmifay;
7_ci f ;onf _r<rif ;tzd k h<ckr SawG h juH Kz l ;onf htawG htjuH Kqef ;wpfc k
_zpfonf? od k haomf_r<rif;onf wpfpufuav;yif_iif;qef7efpdwfrul;?
armi farmi fapc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; rqd ki f ;rwGyi fvky faqmifay;avawmh
onf?
_r<rif;onf ol>zifatmufod k htomvufv#d Kum rwfrwfjuD;
awmifaeavonf hvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k oG<faysmi f ;onf hvufacsmi f ;av;
rsm;_zif h tomqkyfud ki fonf? wHawG;awGpd k@ $ JaeonfhtwGuf vD;wef
juD;uacsmifa_ymifIaeonf?
v D ;u d ku d k i fr d _y D ;aemuf y laE G ;v H k ;ac smaom'p fx dy fz l ; ju D ;u d k
apmufzkwft0wGiftomawhuyfay;vd kufonf?
2 1
Þ eif hapmufzkwf0rSm vD;juD;awhrd_yDvm; ß
armifarmifuar;vd kuf_yefonf? wu<fawmhol>vD;xdyfzsm;
E Si f hapmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d kaeaomtzkwf0xdawG hr donf h aEG ;axG;aom
txdtawGhud k armifarmifcHpm;ae7_yD_zpfonf? wrifyifcsmwdwfrav;
ud k pdwfyd kjuGvmatmif onfar;cGe f;rs d K ;ar;vd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?
armifarmif>7nf@G<fcsuf_ynf h0onf[kqd k7ayrnf? tzkwf0
wGi fv D ;awhr donf ht_yi f onfvd ktar;r s d K ;vnf ;ar;c H7avaomtcg
_r<rif;r Sm umr7rufpdwfawGwd k ;vd k h _yi f ;xefvmonf? wufjuGvm
onf?
_r<ri f ;c _rmy g ;py fr Syi f[I_ye fra_zE d li f ? acgi f ;av;ud kom
ndwf_yvd kufonf? xdkaemufbmawGquf_zpfIrnfod k haomcHpm;rS Krs d K ;
awG h7vdrf hrnfenf;[k toufyifr@SL7 Jy J 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hapmif hvif hae
avonf?
Þ ' Dae hawm ho dy fu d kt7omawG hr< f h ae hy J ? i g htaee J h ei f hv d k
i<fi<f@G<f@G<faumifrav;7J hapmufacgi f ;usOfusOf;av;rs d K ;ud k rvd k ;7
wmjumvS_yD? eif hud kaumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmifud kvd k ;ay;r<f?
2 2
'DaehnigeJ hvd k ;7wmudk eifwpfoufvH k;arhr7Ed li fy Jp G Jaeap7r<f ß
armi farmi fu _r<rif ;>rsufE Smav;ud kaoaocsmcsmp l ;p d ku f
junf h _y D ;a_ymonf? pum;qH k ;onfE Si f hqG Jyi f ha Õrmufxm;aomvufud k
v$wfypfvd kufonf?
vufv$wfvd kufonfE Si f h _r<rif;>ud k<fav;onfatmufod k h
tdueJusonf? apmufzkwft0wGif ususeeawhaxmufxm;rdavaom
vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;uvnf ; apmufac gi f ;x Jo d k hw@ S d e fw d k ;yi f0i fvmonf?
ausmu fc Jwp fv H k ; _y Kw fusovd kr s d K ;tay:r Su svmonf hwi fy g ; ju D ;u
armifarmif haygi f7if ;ud ktdueJxdr doGm;cs de fwGi f (10)vufrausm f@ Snf_y D ;
wpfvufrcG Jcef hwkwfonfhvD;acsmif;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k ;r Smvnf; _r<rif;
>usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;av;xJod k h 7uf7ufpufpufjuD;ud kxd k ;azguf
0ifa7mufoGm;cJ hav_yD?
v D ; 0i fon f h '^ futawm f _ yi f ;on f ? emvnf ; emv Son f ?
_y D ;awm hayvGe fatmi f ju D ;rm ;@ Sn fvsm ;aomvD ; ju D ;w d k ;0i fvmonfr d k h
apmufacgif;xJwGifwif;juyfwpfqd k hIaeonf?
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emvd kufwmOD;armif7<f ß
2 3
_r<rif;>nnf;wGm;oHav;rSm cyfoJ hoJ hr#omyg? jum;zd k h7efyif
cufonf? vD;wefjuD;7uf7ufpufpufxd k ;azguf0ifvmonfh'^fajumif h
_ r<ri f ;>ao G ;om ;aw Gtuke f a _ymi f ;qe fatmi fv S K y f @ S m ;u ke fon f ?
atmif hxm;aomtoHonfvnf; yg;pyfrStl;ueJxGufonf? 7ifw'def;' de f;
c ke fonf? acgi f ;xJwGi f7 Da0uke fonf? xd kajumi f hnnf;wGm;vd kufoH
uvnf; us<favmif_cif;r@S dawmh?
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -[if;- - ß
armifarmifuvnf; auseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfonf?
_r<ri f ;>usO f ; juy fvSaomapmufac gi f ;x Jo d k hw d k ;0i faeonf h
ol>vdi fwefjuD;onf El;nH htdaxG;aomapmufz kwftwGi f ;om;E kE kzwf
zwfav;rsm;>xdawG hr S Kud kt_ynf ht0cHpm;ae7onf ht_yif apmufz kwf
E S Kw fcr f ;om;p lp laz gi f ;az gi f ;r sm ;uvnf; vD ;we ft7i f ;y d ki f ;u d kpp fue J
pp fue Jaeatmi f 7p fywfp ky f!Sp faeju7m armi farmi ftz d k hrjuH Kpz l ;
xl;uJvSaomt7omudkwarhwarmyifcHpm;ae7onf?
ESpfa<mufom;c^r#_idrfaeju7onf? vD;ESif hapmufzkwfuawmh
wyf7ufom;? xdkod k hwyfrdaeavaomvD;ESi f hapmufzkwfwd k hr S t_yeftvSef
2 4
umrt7omwd k honf armi farmi fE Si f h _r<ri f ;wd k h>wpfud k< fvH k ;tE S H h
tDpdrf h _yef hxGufonf?
c^tjumwGif _r<rif;onfouf_yif;wpfcsuf@SLum acgif;av;
ud ktomaemufod k harmhvd kufonf? olr>qHyifzg;vsm;rsm;vnf; ao;
usOfaomcg;av;udkausmfum tdpufonfhwifyg;txufyd ki f;ud k tzsm;cwf
xdrdjuonf?
wpuUef htcs de fukefvGefoGm;onfESi f h emjuifrS Kuvnf;odompGm
avsmhyg;onf?
xd kod k hemjuifrS Kavsmhyg;oGm;onfESif htr# apmufacgif;xJtqHk;0if
ae_y D ; apmufaphav;ESi f hz dr daeavaomvD;wefjuD;>t7omu yd kvd k h
r de f;rl;zG<f7maumif;rGe fvmavav_zpfonf?
Þ tm; [if h- -[if h ß
_r<rif;onfa7@Gwfnnf;wGm;7if; atmufbuf@S darmifarmif>
ykcke f;ud k vufacsmif;av;rsm;_zif hvSrf;qkyfud ki fvk dufonf?
2 5
cyfwif ;wif ;juD ;ud kqky fud ki fvd kufonf_zp f7m vufonf;rsm;
onfarmifarmif>ykc ke f ;om;xJod k hp l ;0ifonf? onfvd kp l ;0ifoGm;onfud k
vnf; _r<rif;odonf? od k haomf_r<rif;cHpm;ae7avaomumrt7om
u <pfrl;z G<f7maumif;vGef;vSonfhtwGuf _r<rif;onfcyfwif;wif;
q ky fxm; _ci f ;u d k av#m hay;7e frp Gr f ;omy g ? wd k ;v d k homwi f ; juy fp Gm
qkyfud ki fukwfqG Jr davao;onf?
Todk hy kc ke f ;om;xJod k h vufonf;rsm;pl;epf0ifoGm;atmif ukwf
qG Jr dvd kufcs de fwGif rdrdapmufacgif;xJtjuyftodyfwd k ;0ifvmonfhvD;juD;
aig hueJvSKyfoGm;onfud k _r<rif;wpfa<muf7ifzd koGm;atmif cHpm;od@S d
vd kuf7avonf?
_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi fvD;wefjuD;ud k t_ynf ht0juD;ud kxdawG h
aeoa<mifa<mifc Hpm;7onf? xd kvD;juD;>tom;wpfr#i f | tajum
wpfc k | taiG htoufav;wpfc kupI rdr dt7omxl;c Hpm;7avatmif
vkyfay;aeavonf[kvnf; xifrdonf?
wu<fawm h _r<ri f ;r S m tys d K pp fav;awm hr[ kw fawm hy g ?
7efyd ki fp d k ;u olr>tysd K7nfud kt7<lum vdk;cJ h _y D;_zpfonf? _r<rif;>
apmufz kwfav;r Sm tar$ ;yi fraygufao;aomfvnf; 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD;
2 6
wpfac smi f ;uawm h aumi f ;aumi f ;0i fc J h _y D ; _y D ? vD ;E Si f h p dr f ;aeaom
apmufzkwfav;r[kwfawmhyg?
7efy d ki fp d k ;pyf<SufwmcH7wkef;uvnf; _r<rif;t7rf;ud kaumif;
c J h y gonf? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;onf _r<ri f ;u d ktawm fav;jui f jui fememE Si f h
t_rwfwEd k ;wefzd k ;xm;_yD;vd k ;c J h _cif; _zpfonf?
a[m- -<ck armifarmifqd kwJ hvljuD;uawmh wpfrs d K ;?
armi farmi fonf q7mra':xm;7i fud kt@ Sufuke fatmi f _y K _y D ;
0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;c J holud katmifxl;avmuf jurf;wrf ;@ k di f ;p d ki f ; _ci f ;
r@S daomfvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;vd kawmhjuifjuifememr@S d ? _r<rif;ud kvnf;
odyfwefzd k ;rxm;?
ol htwGufvd k;p7maumifrav;wpfa<mufvd kom oabmxm;I
_yKrlqufqHae_cif;_zpfonf?
od k haomf7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD;xuf armifarmif>vD;ud ktawG hxl;um
yd kIcHvd k haumif;ajumif;ud kawmh _r<rif;0efcHr donf?
2 7
_ y D ; awm h 7e fy d k i f p d k ;>jui f jui f ememt_y Ktr lr s m ; a jumi f h
p dwfxJwGifjunfEl;csr f ;a_rhc J h7ovd k armifarmif>yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymqd k
apcd ki f ;I cyfrmrmcyfwif;wif; _yKr lqufqHyH kr sm;uvnf; _r<rif;ud k
7ifz d kum 7rufaZmxef_yD;umrt7omawGhaponf?
wu<fawmh armifarmif>pD;p D ;y d k ;y d k ;a_ymqd kr S Krsm;| npfnrf;
aompum;toHk;tES ke f ;rsm;ud k _r<rif;odyfoabmrawGhvSyg? od k haomf
o lr>aoG ;om;awGuawm h armi farmi fv ky for #u d kausey fvufc HI
pG Jrufaewmqef;us<fvSonf? bmwwfEd li fr SmvJav?
_r<rif;onf wifyg;av;ud krodromvSKyfjunfhonf? xdktcg
tzkwfxJtjuyftody fwd k ;0i faeavaomvD;juD;ud kE S J hay;ovd k _zp fonf?
vDacsmi f ; juD ;E Si f hapmufz kwftwGi f ;om;E kE kav;rsm;t_ywfud ky Gwfwd kuf
rdonf?
Þ tm;yg;- -w<faumif; [if;- - ß
armi farmi f>ES kwfcr f ;r Sausey ftm;7p Gma7@ GwfoHay:vmonf?
xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf cyfuke f ;uke f ;uGuGav;_zp faeI aemufod k h
wpfxGufaeavaom_r<rif;>wifyg ;qH kud k vuf0g;juD; _zi f hcy fjurf;
jurf;wpfcsuf@k dufvd kufonf?
2 8
Þ zsef;- - ß
Þ uJ- -eif hzifjuD;ud kaumif;aumif;vSKyfay;prf;csmwdwfr ß
yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymqd kapcd ki f ;_yefonf?
wifyg;om;ay:od k hvuf0g;juD;_zif h cyfjurf;jurf;@k d kufcsvd kuf7rSK
onf _r<rif;>Ed k ; jumm;wufjuGae_y D _zp faom 7rufaZmt[ke fud k
y d kI'D~7D_rif hwufvmatmif vSK H haqmfay;vd kufovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?
_r<rif;onfcg;av;udkEG J hum wifyg;qH kvH k;uspfuspfuav;rsm;ud k
vSKyf@Sm;ay;zd k htwwfEd lifqH k;judK;pm;onf? odyfrvkyfwwfao;aomajumif h
zi fud k juGvd ku fE S dr f hv d ku fvS Ky f@ Sm ;r S Kr s d K ;awm hr_zp fapao;? zi f juD ;ud k
b<fnma0h0d kufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;ovdkrs d K ;om _zpfaeonf?
'gayr<fhrqd k;vSyg? vD;wefjuD;uapmufzkwftwGif;bufyd ki f ;ud k
xdawG hyGwfwd kufaeovdk apmufaphESi f hvD;weft7if;yd ki f ;uvnf; t_ywf
xdyGwfrdaejuonf?
2 9
Þ zifjuD;ud kjuGvd kufe dr f hvd kufvkyfay;OD;avcsmwdwfr7J h? zd_yD;
awmhcsnf;judwfraeeJ h ß
armi farmi fuxd ko d k h a _ymum _r<ri f ;>zi fom;wp f _cr f ;u d k
vuf0g;juD;_zif hcyf_yif;_yif;@ k dufvd kuf_yefonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;wpfbuf
ud kvnf; vSrf;qdwfqG Jonf?
_r<rif;rSm t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? armifarmiftaeESif h
E Sp fcgxyfa_ymp7mrvd kyg? armifarmif>pum;qH k ;onfESi f h _r<rif;onf
zi fjuD ;ud k juGvd kufe dr f hvd kufvky fay;onf? ziftjuGwGi f tzkwfxJr S
vD;uÈwfxGufonf? _r<rif;onf vD;tukefuÈwfxGufoGm;rnfpd k ;aom
ajumif h zifjuD;ud kt7rf;juGrwif7 J? csufcsi f ;yifatmufod k hqwfueJ
_yefzdcsonf? zifjuD;atmufodk hydusaomtcg vD;juD;uvnf;apmufacgif;
aygufxJod k h _yef0ifvmonf?
wu<fawmh <ckvd kr de f ;rutay:uwufvS Ky f@ Sm;aqmif hay;
7onf ha_ymif ; _ye fyif7if ;taetxm;_zif hvd k ;ju7mwGi f rde f ;r_zpfolonf
umrpy f<Sufr S KtawG htjuH K7i f husufum 7rufvnf ;t7r f ;xe fum
^Sm_yif;zd k hvd konf?
_r<rif ;onf ^Sm_yi f ; _y D ;7m~juG<faomrde f ;uav;_zp faomf
3 0
vnf; umrpyf<SufrS KtawGhtjuHKuawmhokn_zpfonf?
xd kajumif htay:rSvSKyf@ Sm;vkyfaqmifay;aerSKuvnf; odyfawmh
pepfruseyg? od k haomf^Sm_yif;_yif;_zif hcyfjurf;jurf;vSKyf@ Sm;ay;aeonfh
twGuf vD;ud kaumif;aumif;judwfay;ovdkrs d K ; _zpfum ESpfa<mufvH k;
umrt7omawGhaejuonf?
tpwGifarmifarmifonf atmufbufrSat;at;oufompGmyif
vJavsmif;Iaeonf? vSKyf@ Sm;rS Krsm;tm;vH k ; _r<rif;uomvkyfaqmif
ae7onf? _r<rif;aqmif hay;onfud k armifarmifuatmufr SZ dr fE Si f h
r S de f ;c Haeonfhoabmyif?
od k haom f _r<rif ;rvky fwwfvky fwwfE Si f h zi f juD ;vS Ky f@ Sm ;um
aqmif hay;aer S Ku t7omawG hvmonf htwGuf armi farmi fr Smvnf;
_i dr fraeEd li fawmh?
vSKyf@Sm;Ivm7av_yD?
armifarmif>vufrsm;u _r<rif;>zifqH kom;vH k ;vH k ;uspfuspf
av;rsm ;ud k cy fwi f ;wi f ;qky fu d ki fvmonf? _y D ;awm hatmufr SaeI
zi fa _ymi f juD ;u d kaum haum hxd k ;wi fay;onf? Tod k hzi fa _ymi f juD ;u d k
3 1
aumhxd k ;wi fvd ku fwd ki f ; vD ;we fjuD ;onf_r<ri f ;>apmufz kwfxJod k h
t@S de fE Si f hwd k ;0ifonf?
rdrdud k<fwd ki ftay:rSzdaqmif hcsonfxuf armifarmifuaumhxd k;
wifvd kufI vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmrS Ku yd kvd k haumif ;onfud k _r<rif ;
odvm7onf? xdk h _yifarmifarmifud k<fwd ki fu rdrdud kvd k ;7wmudk t7om
awG hoabmusum <c kv d kv S Ky f @ S m ;vmwmy gvm;[ kpO f ;pm ;r d awm h
aumifrav;auseyfrdonf?
r de f ;rwd k hobm0u onftwd ki f ;yi f? olwd k hud kta7;xm;onf
qd kygu oabmuswwfjuonfcsnf;?
Þ b<fvd kvJcsmwdwfr7J h eifucyfjurf;jurf;cyf_yif;_yif;vd k ;wm
rs d K ;ud k oabmusyH k7w<f? at; iguvnf; 'Dvd kcyfjurf;jurf;vd k ;
wwfwmeJ hawmh tHud kufyJuG ß
armifarmif>pum;ajumif h _r<rif;rSmauseyfpdwfa7m| ajumuf
pdwfygyl;wG Jc Hpm;7onf? cyfjurf;jurf;cyf7rf;7rf;vd k ;v#if vD;0ifeufum
xdrd_yD; t7omt_ywfawGhr Smud k _r<rif;auseyfonf? wpfbufrSmvnf;
jurf;wrf;onfud kajumufonf? rawmfwqtaqmif hvGef_y D;uG Jukefv#if
3 2
tcuf?
armifarmifonf _r<rif;>zifud ktomqkyfud ki fum txufod k h
w Ge f ;wi fonf? zi f ju D ; ju GwufoGm ;onf? vD ;uvnf;tz kw fxJr S
xGufoGm;onf? _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f vD;rsm;tzkwfxJr S _yKwfxGuf
oGm;avrvm;[k awG;ylr donf?
od k haomfarmifarmifu apmufzkwfxJrSvD;'pftxufyd ki f ; _yLxGuf
vmonfESi f h tom7yfonf? vD;'pftzsm;yd ki f ;u apmufacgi f;xJwGif
_r Ky fuse faeonf? onfawmhr Sawm fao;7 J h ? uÈwfrxGufoGm;bl ;[k
_r<rif;awG;um touf_yif;av;wpfcsufcd k ;Icsvd kufonf?
armifarmifonftomacgif;ud kjuGum apmufzkwfav;xJ'pfzsm;
_rKy f0i faeonf htaetxm;ud k junf hao;onf? tar$ ;av;wpfyi fr #yi f
raygufao;yJ a_ymifpifaeavonfhapmufzkwfEkEkav;xJod k h vD;tzsm;
yd ki f ;u0ifaeonfh_rifuGif;u junfhvd k haumif;vSonf?
aygi fum;umaqmif hajumif hruswusxd ki faeonf htaetxm;r d k h
apmufzkwfud kxif@Sm;pGm_rifEd li fonf? wifyg;juGv#ufvD;ud kxkwf<lxm;
cs de fr d k h apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;plplazgif;azgif;av;rsm;u vD;wefvH k ;ywf
3 3
ESif huyfumvefIygvmonf?
_r<rif;onfrdr daygifjum;ud kr dr d _yefumiH k h junfhr donf? vD;ESi f h
apmufzkwfuyfv#ufom;_zpfaeyH k _rifuGif;u aumifrav;ud k7rufyd kxef
vmaponf?
junfhaumif;vSaomfvnf; armifarmiftae_zif hjumjumZdrfqG J
IrjunfhE d li f? pdwfxJwGifapmufzkwfEkE kav;xJvD;_yefxd k ;xnfhvd kufcsi f
p dwfrsm; xde f ;r7El di fatmif _zp fvm7onfr d k h _r<rif ;>wifyg ;juD;ud k
atmufod k hqwfueJzdqG Jcsonf? wpf_yd Ki feufwnf;rSmyif ol>zifa_ymif
juD;ud k tay:od k haumhxd k ;juGwifvd kufonf?
vD;taumhESif hziftus tHud kufyif?
Þ bGyf- -_Ad- -Aspf ß
toHtawm fus< fus< f _rn fum vD ;we fwp fac smi f ;v H k ;yi f
apmufzkwfxJt@S de f _yif;p Gm0ifoGm;onf?
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -tm; ß
3 4
_r<rif;>toHrsm;ay:vmonf? vufacsmi f ;av;rsm;uvnf;
armifarmif>vufarmif;ud k cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fvk dufonf?
vD;0ifjurf;vSaomajumif h [ef hwm;wmvm;? t7omaumif;
v Ge f ;aomajumi f h zufwG<fr dwmvm;? _r<ri f ;a7marmi farmi fy g
rodvd kufjuyg?
_r<rif;tzd k h t7rf;vnf;aumif;onf? tvGefvnf;emvSonf?
atmif hvnf;atmif hoGm;onf?
armi farmi fonfwpfc sufwnf; _zi f h7y frxm;? tcs de fu d ku fyi f
Ttwdki f;qufIvkyfaeonf?
_r<rif;>wifyg;juD;onf armifarmif>qG Jyi f h _ye fe dr f hvky fay;
aerSKtwdki f; xufatmufvGwfvyfpGma@G haeonf? atmufrSarmifarmif
>zi fa _ymi f ju D ;uvnf ; aum hwufv d ku f | _ye fu so Gm ;v k du fE S i f h ?
vD ;wefjuD;uawmh apmufz kwfxJr SxGufvmvd kuf | w@S de fwd k ; _ye f0i f
oGm;vd kufESi f h oGufoGufvufvufESif htm;_yif;pGmvS ky f@ Sm;aeonf?
v D ;wp fc su f0i fo Gm ;w d k i f ; _r<ri f ;>nnf ;! la7@ Gw fo Hr sm ;
3 5
ay:vmovd k aumifrav;>7rufaZmr Smvnf; y d kI_yi f ; _yxufoef
vmonf?
o lr>apmufap hav;r Smvnf ; y d k@ Sn fumy d kIawmi faeonf?
TwGi fapmufz kwfxJod k hcy f _yi f ; _yi f ;0i fxGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeonf h vD;wef
vH k ;ywfESi f h xdawG hy Gwfwd kufrS ky d kaumif;vmum _r<rif;cHpm;ae7aom
umrt7omudk xyfwd k ;I<pfrl;p7m_zpfap_yefonf?
@ S de f ; _r _rumrt7ompnf;p dr fonf _r<ri f ;>wpfud k<fvH k ;r S
tm@ k Hajumrsm;ud k _ye f hE S H hv $r f ; _c H KIaeonf? olr>7ruf<rf ;td k ;ud k
r D;yd kIxd k;ay;onf? _r<rif;>vufacsmif;uav;rsm;yif auG;aumufI
vmonf? juufoD;awGxaeonfuawmh a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?
Þ awmuf- -csmwdwfr7m- -eifuigxifxm;wmxufawmif
yd kaumh_yD;- -csvd k ht7rf;aumif;aeygvm;? tm;<m;<m;- -'Dvd kaumif;
wmrs d K ;igrawGhz l;ao;bl;? 'Daehnawmh qGrf;juD;avmif;ygyJa[h ß
armifarmifu auseyfESp fodrf hp Gma_ymonf?
vd k ;Iaumif;vSaomajumif hvnf; armifarmif>jurf;jurf;wrf;
3 6
wrf;ESi f htEd li ftxuf_yKvd kp dwfawG yaysmufavsmhenf;ukef[efwlonf?
armifarmifonf_r<rif;>wifyg;rsm;ud k vuf0g;juD;ESi f hcyf_yif;
_yi f ;@ k du fc s _ci f ; | E d k ho D ;ac gi f ;av;r sm ;ud kq dwfqG J _ci f ;awGrvky fawm h ?
ol hvufrsm;u wifyg;ud ky Gwfoyfonf? Ed k htH krsm;ud ktomtkyfud ki fonf?
xd k _yifvufacsmif;rsm;_zif h zifom;juD;ESp f _crf;ud kvnf; wpfcsuf
wpfcsufwGi ftomqG J _z Jay;onf? Ttcgrsm;wGi f _r<rif;>plwlwl
ptd k0av;rSm [pd[pd_zpfum _r<rif;>pdwfxJwGif<m;usdus dav;yif
cHpm;7onf?
Þ acgif;av;ud kE S dr f hcsvd kufprf;ygtH k ;uG? rif;ud kerf;csifvd k h- - ß
armifarmifu nifompGma_ymonf? _r<rif;onfcsufcsif;yif
ud k<fud kud ki f;um ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;av;rsm;ud kp kay;vd kufonf?
er f ;rnfqd k7mwGi f yg ;ud kawmhr[kwf? E S Kwfcr f ;c si f ;awhum
pkyferf;vd k _cif;_zpfrnfud k _r<rif;odonf?
_r<ri f ;u toif hp kay;xm;aomE S Kw fcr f ;z l ;z l ;uav;rsm ;ud k
3 7
olhES kwfcrf;xl;trf;trf;juD;rsm;_zif h zduyfiH kc Jp ky f<lonf?
_r<rif;u yg;pyfud ktvd kufoif h[ay;onf? armifarmif>@Smu
_r<rif ;>yg;py fxJwd k ;0i fvmonf? _r<rif ;onfarmi farmi f>@Smud k
tm;7yg;7yifp ky f<lrdonf?
rdrd>wifyg;juD;a_rmufwufoGm;I tzkwfxJrSvD;juD;xGufoGm;
aomtcg tzkwfES kwfcrf;om;rsm;u vD;wefjuD;wGifuyfv#uf_yJvefyg
oGm;ajumif;ud k _r<rif;odvmonf?
_r<rif;>pdwfxJwGi f rdr dtzkwfw_yH KvH k ;yi f vD;wefjuD;E Si f h
ygoGm;avovm;[kxifrdonf?
_r<rif;onfyg;pyfxJrS wtif htif hwtdtda7@Gwf7if; zifjuD;ud k
[efcsufnDnDvSKyf@ Sm;ay;aeonf? _r<rif;utm;oH k ;umzifud kaqmif hcs
ay;vd kufwd ki f; vD;t0ifyd kxdonf? armifarmifwpfa<mufvnf;w[if;
[if;_zpfoGm;onf?
Þ vkyfyg@ Si f h- -vkyfprf;yg- -vd k;ygO D;armif7<f- -orD;ud k
vd k ;prf;yg- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;- -tm; ß
3 8
_r<rif;onftHjudwfum tirf;r7yifa_ymqd kr donf?
xd kod k ha_ymvd kuf_y D;r S rdr dud k<frdr dtH hjordonf? onfr#awmif
npfnrf; _y D ;t@Sufuif;r J honf hpum;awGud k rdr dyg ;pyfuxkwfa_ymrdwm
ygvm;[kvnf; r<HkEd li fatmif_zpf7onf?
od k haomf onfvd kwpfwpfcGcGa_ymvd kuf7rSKuvnf; tm;7auseyf
aompdwfrsm;_zpfay:vmrdonf? a_ymrdr Sawmhrxl;[kqd kum _r<rif;
wpfa<mufqufvufItmomirf;irf;yif tm;7yg;7a_ymqd kaeavawmh
onf?
Þ OD;armif7<f- -aqmif hpr f ;yg- -orD;ud kwtm;aqmif h _y D ;
vd k ;prf;yg? OD;armif7 J hvD;juD;e J haqmif hvd k ;wm t7rf;c Hvd k haumif;wmyJ?
aqmif hygOD;armif7J h aqmif hprf;yg- -trav;aemf [if;[if; ß
Þ aumif;_yD? rif;aumif;aumif;t7omawGhatmifvd k ;ay;r<f?
pdwfomcs ß
armifarmifuvnf;tHjudwfum a7@Gwfa_ymjum;onf?
3 9
xd kaemufarmi farmi fonf ol hud k<fay:wufc Gum tzkwfxJ
vD;oGif;xm;avaomaumifrav;ud k tomwGef;Iz<f@Sm;ypfvd kufonf?
zspf!Spfp ky f<laeavaomapmufzkwfav;xJrS vD;wefjuD;vnf;
_yKwfxGufoGm;aponf?
t7r f ;a[m hum z Dvi fawGt_ywfwufaeonf h _r<ri f ;onf
vD;_yef0ifvmatmif zifjuD;ud kz dcszd k h judK;pm;ao;onf?
od k haomf armifarmifucGif hr_yK? _r<rif;>ykcke f;ud kcyfwif;wif;
wGef;um z<fypfonf?
Þ av;bufaxmufvd kufav ß
armi farmi fuyg;py fr Sa_ym7i f ; _r<rif ;ud kvnf;olvd kc si faom
taetxm;twdki f;_zpfatmif qGJ<l_yK_yifonf? _r<rif;rSmarmifarmif
qG J<lonfhtwdki f; ygoGm;um cHwifay:wGifav;bufaxmufv#ufom;
_zpfoGm;onf?
armifarmifuav;bufuke f ;aeaom_r<rif;>zifjuD;aemufwGi f
tomae7m<lonf?
4 0
Þ OD;armif- -orD;ud kbmvkyfrvd k hvJ[if- - ß
_r<rif;onf acgif;av;udkaemufiJ hum armifarmifud kvSrf;junfh
7if;ar;onf?
armifarmifu apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@$ Ja_ymifvufum rwfawmif
aeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud kvufxJwGifud ki fum oGif;zd k htoif h _yifaeonfud k
_r<rif;awG h7onf?
Þ eifu wtm;aqmif htvdk;c Hcsifw<fr[kwfvm;? tckeif hud k
aumi f ;aumi f ;t7omawG hatmi fvd k ;ay;rvd k hayg h ? uJ zi fjuD ;ud kom
aumhaxmifay;xm; ß
Tpum;rsm;ud kjum;7aomtcg udkatmifxl;u a':xm;7if>
zifaygufxJvD;oGi f;7eftwGuf zifud kaxmifc d ki f ;y H kud k _r<rif;owd7rd
onf?
[kwfw<f? udkatmifxl;zifvd k ;wmcH7wkef;u wDcsma':xm;7if
av;bufukef;_yD;zifaxmifay;cJ h7wm? <ck_r<rif;ud kvnf; OD;armifu
zifcsawmhrSmxifyg7J h?
4 1
_r<rif;rSmonfvd kawG;um ausm@k d ;xJpdr f hat;oGm;onf?
od k haom fwu<fwGi fawmh armi farmi fu_r<rif ;>ptd kxJod k h
vD;ud kxd k ;roGif;yg?
p lwlwlptd k0av;>atmufbuf@S d apmufzkwfxJod k homxd k ;oGi f;
vd kufonf?
_r<rif;tzd k h zifcsrcH7awmhrS KtwGuf bmbmnmnmawG;awm
aep7mtcs de fr7awmhyg? awG;vnf;rawG;Ed li fawmhyg?
apmufacgi f ;aygufxJod k h vD;wefjuD;wd k ;0i fvmrS Kud k tonf;
wat;at;7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hc Hpm;7if; yg;pyfrS[if hueJtoH_rnfoGm;onf?
<ckvd kav;bufuke f ;um zifaxmifay;xm;7onf htaetxm;
wGif vD;t0ifyd keuf_yD;yd kxdrdonf[k _r<rif;xifrdonf?
vD ;acsmi f ; juD ;onf <cifurxdry Gwfr davaomae7mrsm;ud k
xdawG hy Gwfwd kufr donf? xd ktawG hxl;ajumif h csmwdwfrav;yg;pyfr S
4 2
a7@Gwfnnf;!l7if; wifyg;qHktdtd_zL_zLazG;azG;rsm;udkaumhyif hI yd kaumif;
atmifvkyfay;rdonf?
armi f armi fuawm h aum hwufvmaomzi fom ; ju D ;r s m ;u d k
vuf0g;_zif htm;7yg;7yGwfoyf7if; vD;ud kqwfueJzdcsvd kuf_yefonf?
Þ tm;yg;- -0ifoGm;_yDuG? b<fvd kvJaumifrav;? tckvd k
zifaxmif_yD;vd k ;wmudk eifjudKufoGm;_yDr[kwfvm;? 'DyH kp Hr Smu vD;u
yd k _y D ;t0ifeufw<fav? uJ- -uJ zifjuD;ud kaumh_y D ;vS Ky f<rf;ay;
vd kufprf;ygtH k ;uG ß
armifarmifua_ymvd kuf_yefonf? rdrd>vD;>vD;'^fud k aumif
rav;pkyfoyfnnf;!l7if; tDpdrf haeatmifcHvdkuf7onfudkvnf; armifarmif
u tawmfoabmusaeonf?
_r<ri f ;emoGm ;wmud kvnf ;odonf? _y D ;awm ht_ywft7om
awGhoGm;rSe f;vnf; tuJcwfrdonf?
_r<rif ;onf armi farmi fapc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; wifyg ;juD;ud k
aumhEd li for#aumhum b<fnmvSKyf<rf;vd kufonf?
4 3
armifarmifonf zify Gwfaeaomvufrsm;ud k _r<rif;>cs d Ki f ;
atmufrSv# d KoGif;um Ed k htH kE Sp fc kud kcyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fonf?
_r<rif;>eH kz l ;pEd k htH kav;rsm;onf armifarmif>vufwtkyfpm
tawmf_zp fonf? tys d Kaygufuav;rd k h E d k hawGut_ywfrzGi f h _z d K ;ao;?
rd k h0ef;ump| yH kay:ump_zpfonf? av;bufukef;xm;7onfhwd ki f t@G<f
a7mufrde f;rjuD;rsm;>Ed k htH kjuD;awGvd k wG JvG Jusae_cif;r@S d? tkyfud ki fqkyf
e<fxm;onf harmi farmi f>vufz0 g ;atmufwGi f wi f ;wi f ;7i f ;7i f ; |
tdtdaxG;axG; t_ynfhtodyf_zpfaeonf?
armifarmifonfvD;ud kw0ufcef hqG Jxkwf<lum cg;tm;ud koH k ;I
qwfueJaqmif hoGif;onf?
Þ bGyf- -yvGyf ß
vD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJod k h t@S de f _yif;_yif;_zif h _yef0ifonf?
Þ tm;- -[if h- -[if h ß
_r<rif ;>a7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHay:vmonf? wifyg ;juD;vnf;
4 4
qwfueJ<rf;cgonf?
armifarmifu cyfjurf;jurf;yifqufIaqmif hvd k ;onf? _r<rif;
wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifae_yD? umrt7omtxGyftxdyfod k hwufvSrf;awmh
rnf_zpfajumif;udk _r<rif;odonf? aqmifhcsufawG_yif;xefvSaomfvnf;
_r<rif ;tzd k h emjuifr S KtvsO f ;r@ S dawmh? aqmif havor#olrtwGuf
aumif;zd k hcsnf;_zpfonf?
_r<rif;rSm w[if;[if;ESif ht7rf;udkvSKyf@Sm;vmonf? ukef;ay;xm;
aomrdrd>zifjuD;aemufwGifae7m<lum rdrdud kaqmif hvd k;aeolarmifarmif
>touf_yif;@ SLoH| tHjudwfoHrsm;ud kvnf; _r<rif;jum;ae7onf?
armifarmifonfvnf; rdr dvd kyifta_ctaers d K ;@ S daeonfud ktuJcwfrd7m
_r<rif;tawmfoabmusoGm;onf? armifarmif>aqmif hcsufawGyd k _ref
vmonf? yd koGufvmonf?
Þ vSKyfprf;aumifrav;- -zifjuD;ud kaumhaumh_yD;vSKyfay;prf;
tm;yg;yg;- -tJvdkrs d K; tm;[if;[if;- -w<faumif;uGm- -w<faumif;ß
armifarmifonfaumifrav;ud kwtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if; yg;pyfr S
vnf;a7@Gwfa_ymaeonf? ol hvufawGuawmh _r<rif ;>Ed k ht H kav;
ESpfc kud k 7uf7ufpufpufud kqkyfe<faeonf? tukdi fuawmh tawmf
4 5
jurf;onf? Ed k ht H kav;rsm;ud k _ywfxGufvkrwwfyif qky fud ki fz sp f!Sp f
ae_cif;_zpfonf?
umrqdyfawGt7rf;wufaeavaom_r<rif;rSm emjuif7rSe f;yif
rodawmh? emjuifrS Kud kyift7om[k <pfrl;p GmcH<laerdonf?
xd kajumif harmifarmifyd kaqmif htm;oefum vD;0ifxdrd7avatmif
zifud kaumhay;vd kuf | <rf;ay;vd kufE Si f h _yKay;aeavonf? Ed k hud k _znf;
_znf;qG J7efvnf; rawmif;yef? wtm;raqmif hz d k hvnf;ra_ym?
emjuifrS KawGu t7omESif ht_ywfa7maESmukefonf?
emwmud kvnf;t7omawG honf? aumi f ;wmud kvnf;t7om
awG honf? emwmESi f haumi f ;wma7maewmud kvnf;t7omawG honf?
tm;vH k ;t7omawGcsnf;yJ_zpfonf?
Þ a[m- -a[m- -xGufukef_y D- -ig hv7nfawGxGufukef_y D
eif hapmufzkwfxJ_ynf hoGm;atmifud kxGufvmvdrf hr<f- -tm; ß
armifarmif>tavmwjuD;a_ymvd kufoH?
4 6
Þ tm;y g ;y g ;O Darmi f7 J h- -[if h[i f h- -ye f ;x kwfay;pr f ;y g ?
or D ;tz kw fx Jr S mt7nfawG _yn f hu ke f atmi fye f ;x kw fay ;v d ku fpr f ;y g ?
orD;vnf;xGufukef_y D- -xGufukef_y DO D;armif7J h- -tm; ß
_r<rif;>yg;pyfr Svnf; tirf;r7a7@Gwfa_ymjum;oHawGxGuf
vmonf? zifqH k juD;ud kawmh <rf;cgay;ovm;ra_yme J h ? t_ywfud k
vSKy f@ Sm;aewmyJ?
_r<rif;uvnf; Ø_yD;× oGm;7ay_yD? olrwpfud k<fvH k ;qwfueJ
qwfueJtajumqGJovdkvSKyfcgaeonf?
olr>apmufzkwfxJxd k ;xnf hxm;av_yD_zpfonf h armifarmif>
vD;wefjuD;xdyfzsm;rSvnf; okwf7nfawGyef;xGufvmonf? yef;xGuf
vmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf apmuf7nfjunfrsm;ESi f ha7maESmum apmuf
acgif;xJwGif_ynf hv# HIaeonf?
armifarmifonf tawmfyifokwfxGufjurf;onf? ol>okwf
7nfrsm;onf wjudrfwnf;omr[kwf? av;ig;judrfyifqufIyspfueJ
yspfueJyef;xGufonf? okwf7nfyef;xGufwd ki f; vD;juD;uaig hueJaig hueJ
vSKy fcgonf? _r<rif;tzd k hvnf; wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifumacgi f;armh_y D ;
4 7
zifqH kjuD;<rf;I<rf;IoGm;onf?
o kw f7nfawGursm ;v Say7m _r<ri f ;>tz kw fac gi f ;x Jw Gi f
rqef hawmhy g? vD;acsmi f ; juD ;tjuyftody f0i faeavaomapmufz kwf
t_yi fbufod k h v# Husp D ;xGufonf? xd kod k hv# HxGufvmaomokwf7nf
rsm;onf _r<rif;>_zL0i f ;a_zmi f hpi f ;aomaygi fwefjuD;rsm;wav#muf
pD;usIoGm;onf?
armifarmifr Smawmh uke f ;ay;xm;aom_r<rif;>zifjuD;aemuf
wGif t@l;trl;vd k _zpfaeonf? _r<rif;>apmufzkwfav;rSm usOf;juyf
onfht_yifEkaxG;tdum pkyftm;!Spftm;oefIvd k ;vd k hutvGefaumif;ay
7m okwfv$wfxkwfay;_y D ; _zpfonf hwd ki f armifarmifr Smt@S de frowfEd li f
ao;? cg;wvSKyfvSKyf_zif hqufaqmif haeavao;onf?
armifarmif>qD;pyfu _r<rif;>zifqH ktdtdjuD;ud k odrf hueJ
o dr f hue J _zp fo Gm ;atmi fyi f wzwfzwf@ k du fr daeonf? vD ;uawm h
wppaysm husaeyg_y D?
_r<rif;rSmvnf; wpfcs D Ø_yD;× cJ h7_yD;_zpf7m EH k ;aysmhIaeonf?
' l ;awGyi frc d ki fc si fawmh? xd kajumi f harmi farmi f>qufaqmif haer S Kud k
4 8
awmi f hrc HE d l i f ? ' l ;! $wfumar G h7may:wGi far Smuf7ufom;vJusonf?
armifarmifonfvnf; _r<rif;>udk<fay:xyfv#ufom;ygoGm;onf?
olvnf; _i dr fusoGm;yg _y D ? acGaysm hae_y D _zp faomvD;acsmi f ;juD;
uvnf; _r<rif;>apmufzkwfrSuÈwfxGufonf?
apmapmu apmufacgi f ;xJt_ynf htodyf _zpfatmifaomif;use f ;
aec J haomvD;acsmi f ; juD ; ac Gaysm humuÈwfxGufoGm;7m _r<rif ;r Sm
7i fxJ[mwmwmESi f hwc kc kvp f[moGm;ovd kc Hpm;7onf? _zp fE d li frnf
qd kygu vD;juD;ud kapmufzkwfxJwGift_ynfhtodyf@S daeapcsifygao;onf?
tqd k hqd kovd k _zp faeaomvD;acsmi f ;juD; _yKwfxGufoGm;aomtcg
_r<rif;>apmufzkwfxJrSt7nfrsm; t_yifod k hy d kIpD;xGufonf? _r<rif;
rSmarSmufcke fav;_zpfae7m pD;xGufoGm;aomt7nfrsm;onf apmufaph
av;ud k _zwfoGm;juonf? _r<ri f ;tz d k h@ S d e f ; _rp7mt7omwpfr s d K ; _zp f
aeayawmhonf?
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ;xyfv#ufom; twefjumrS de f ;aejuonf?
ESp fa<mufvH k ;tarma_zaejuonf? twefjumtarma_z_y D ;touf@SL
rSe foGm;rS armifarmifutomab;od k hvS dr f hqif;oGm;onf?
4 9
_r<rif;onftomacgif;axmifum td ki f7if;ud kvSrf;junfhonf?
A d kv fu_ym ;rav;r@ S d awm h ? b<ftcs d e fuxGu fo Gm ;avonfrody g ?
_y D;awmh olrESi f harmifarmifwd k h b<favmufjumjumvd k ;c J haqmfc J hju
avonfrod? rd k ;p H k ;p H k ;cs Ky fumtvif;a7maysmufuG<fcJ hav_yD? tcef;
xJwGifvnf; tarSmifxkjuD;pd k ;Iaeavonf?
nnf;!loHvd kvd k toHcyfoJ hoJ hav;rsm;ud k olwd k hjum;vd kufju
7onf? xkdtoHrsm;onf txyfcd k ;qDrS_yef hvGif hvm_cif;_zpfonf?
Þ txyfcd k ;ay:rSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;aumif;aumif;tvkyf_zpfae_yef_y D?
b<fcsmwdwfrud krsm; olcsaew<frodbl;? vm igwd k hoGm;junfhju
7atmifvm; ß
armifarmifuvJavsmi f ;ae7mrSqwfueJxum cyf_rL; _rL; _zi f h
a_ymonf?
_r<rif;pdwfxJwGifxif hueJ_zpfonf?
_r<ri f ;onftxyfc d k ;ay:o d k hwufroGm ;v d ky g ? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;w d k h
5 0
vdk;aejurnfqd kv#i fvnf; oGm;rjunfhvd kyg? txl;o_zif harmifarmif
ESi f htwlvd kufygIroGm;vd kyg?
od k haomfarmifarmifonfcHwifatmufod k hqif; _y D ; _r<rif;ud kyg
vufarmif;7if;rSqkyfud ki fqG J<lvd kuf7m _r<rif;rSmvnf;cHwifatmufod k h
a7mufoGm;7onf?
armi farmi f>vD;u 7efy d ki fp d k ;xufjuD;onf? armi farmi f>
vd k ;y H ku 7efy d ki fp d k ;xufjurf;onf? xd k h _yif _r<rif;onfav;bufukef;
um armifarmif>vdk;wmudkc Hc J h7_yefao;onf?
umrt7omawG hwmuawm hr S e fonf ? o d k h aom f _r<ri f ;r S m
tawm fu d k arm[k du fye f ;usaeonf? txl ;o_zi f h ' l ; aw Gurc d k i fc si f ?
a_caxmufrsm;ud kaumif;aumif;av#mufvSrf;_cif;r_yKEd li f?
xd kajumi f harmi farmi f hu d kr S Dw G Jtm; _y Kum uGwuGwESi f hvr f ;
av#mufae7@Smonf?
Þ igvd k ;wmawmfawmfjurf;oGm;yH k7w<f? eifawmif uGwuGw
_zp faeyga7mvm;? bmrSrajumufyge J h ? c^jum7i f _ye faumi f ;oGm;
5 1
rSmyg? tckavmavmq<fawmh eih fud kigwG Jac:oGm;yg hr<f ß
armifarmifu 7<foHwpf0ufESif ha_ymonf?
ol>vD;'^fajumi f h aumi frav;aygi fuGoGm;7onf htwGuf
vnf; auseyfyDwd_zpfaeyH k7onf?
_r<rif;u bmr#ra_ym? armifarmifac:7mod k hvd kufvd kp dwfr@S d
aomfvnf; r_iif;?
armi farmi f hu d kr S Dw G Jum tce f ;xJr Sx Gufvmc J havawmhonf?
jum;ae7aomtoHrSm emjuifrS K _zif hnnf;!loH[k _r<rif;xifrdonf?
b<fol hnnf;oHrsm;ygvdrf h?
rmvmwifvm;? <k<karmfvm;?
5 2
tcef;(2)
armi farmi fE Si f h _r<ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf txyfc d k ;ay:wufvm
cJ hjuw<f?
E S p f a<mu fv H k ;t0w ftp m ; aw G _ y e f r 0w f juawm h y gb l ; ?
' Dtwk di f ;ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;awGyJ?
_r<rif;aumif;aumif;awmifvrf;rav#mufEd li fbl;? uGwuGw
_zp faeav7 J h ? 7uf7ufpufpuftvd k ;c Hxm;7wJ hapmufz kw fav;[m
eD7 Jaew<f? us de f ;py f _y D ;emaew<f? av;bufuke f ; _y D ;awmif hc Hxm;7
wmajumif h aygifawGem_yD;' l;awGacsmifaewmayg h?
au m i f r av ; 7 J h a p mu f a c g i f ;x Juo kw f 7n f aw Guvn f ;
wpdr f hp dr f h<d kxGufusaewH k ;y J ? aygi f _c Hw0d kufr Smap;uyfuyfud k _zp fvd k h ?
apmu fz kw fu d k a7o G m ; aq;v d ku f7i f aumi f ; rvm ;v d k h awmi f
_r<rif;awG;r dao;w<f? 'gayr<f harmifarmifutxyfcd k ;ay:wef;wuf
oGm;wmrd k h _r<rif;vnf;bmrSa_ymraeawmhygbl;? armifarmifqG Jac:
7maemufud k vd kufc J h7awmhwmygyJ? a_caxmufawGuGww_zpfaewm
5 3
ajumi f h avSum;ud kwuf7i fcufc Jrvm;vd k hawmi f _r<rif ;awG ;y lr d
ao;w<f?
' gayr<f hta_ctaeu _r<ri f ;p d k ;7 dr foavmufrqd k ;y gb l ; ?
armi f armi fuvnf ; az ;rw G J ac : ay ;w< fav? w d kw d k a _ y m77i f
_r<rif;wpfa<muf txyfcd k ;ay:ud ka7mufoGm;ygawmhw<f? jum;ae7
wJ hnnf;oHu yd ky D _yifvmw<f? [kwfygw<fav? ememjuifjuife J h
nnf;wGm;a7@Gwfvd kufoHygyJ?
txyfc d k ;ay:a7muf_y D ; b<fbuftdy fce f ;xJvSr f ;junf hvd kufr d
w<f? tcef;xJrSmrD;rxGef;xm;bl;? 'gayr<fhtcef;wHcg;u [if;vif;
yGi f haew<f? avSum;xdyfem;rSmxGef;xm;wJ hr D;yGi f htvif;a7mif7J h a7mif
_yef[yfrS Kajumif h cyf0g;0g;tvif;a7mifav;awmh@S daew<f? tJ'Dcyf0g;
0g ;tvif;a7mifajumif h tcef;xJucHwifay:r Sm yufvufjuD;a_cypf
vufypftdyfarmusaewJhrmvmwif7J htoGifud k _rifEd li fw<f?
rmvmwifa_cum;<m;vufum;<m;eJ htdy faeyH kud kwpfcsufjunfh
v d ku fwme J h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;urmvmwif7 J htys d K7nfud k7<lt_ywfvd k ;c J h _y D ;
' Dtwd k i f ;yp fxm ;c J h r S e f ; o dy fo domw<f ? ti f ;- -rmvmwi fu
_r<rif;wd k h | td ki f7if;wd k hvd k@ ky f7nfracsmbl;av? @Gufjurf;a7usd K@ ky f7nf
5 4
rs d K ;qd kawmh a<mufsm;awGu~@krpd kufjuwm rqef;ygbl;?
apmufzkwfud ky Jruf_yD; vd k;_y D;wmeJ hrsufESmv$ JoGm;juwmayg h?
' Dvd kt_zpfrs d K ;juH K7wJ hrmvmwiftwGuf _r<rif;p dwfraumif;
ygbl;? oGm;_y D ;az;rxm;ay;csi fygw<f? 'gayr<f harmifarmifuqG Jac:
oGm;wmajumif h _r<rif;c_rmrmvmwifud kwpfcsufapmif;i J h junfhvd kuf
@k HuvGJvd k h bmrSrwwfEd li fygbl;?
' Dvd ke J h _r<ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufnmbuftdy fce f ;ud ka7mufvmju
w<f? wHcg;uaphaew<f? 'gayr<f haomhrcwfxm;bl;? tomav;
wGef;vd kuf@k He J h wHcg;yGi f hoGm;w<f? wHcg;ud kwGef;z Gi f h _y D;wmeJ h armifarmif
uvnf; _r<rif;ud kcyfjurf;jurf;qG Jac:_yD;tcef;xJ0ifoGm;w<f?
tcef;xJrSmawmh xdefxdefvif;vd k h? av;ayrD;acsmif;awGt_ywf
xGef;xm;wmudk;? aehvnfcif;e J hbmrSr_cm;bl;?
tcef;xJuESpfa<muftdyfc HwifjuD;ay:rSmawmh ususeetvkyf
_zpfaejuav7J h? wu<fhud ktonf;<m;p7m_zpf7yfawGygyJ?
55
cHwifa_c7if;em;avmufrSm <k<karmfwpfa<muf a_cav;awG
c Hwi fatmufud kw G Jv Jc s _y D ; xd ki faew<f? <k<karm f7 J h r su fE S m[m
a_ymifpyfpyfajumifp Dp Dav;_zpfaew<f? tJ yg;pyfaxmif hem;r Smawmh
okwf7nftcs d K hayusHa_cmufuyfaewmud k _rif7w<f?
<k<karmfud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;uvD;p ky fc d ki f ;@ k HruyJ <k<karmf7 J hyg;pyf
xJr Sm okwf7nfawGud kye f ;xkwfaomufrs d Kc sc d ki f ;c J hr Se f ; _r<rif ;7 dy fr d
vd kufygw<f?
7efy d ki fp d k ;uawmh cHwiftv<favmufrSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;
@S daew<f? ol ha@S hr Smawmh Ad kvfu_ym;rav;td ki f7if;av? 'l;wkwf_y D ;
zifylawmif;av;axmifvd k h?
7efy d ki fp d k ;u wpfcsufaqmif hvd k ;vk dufavwd ki f ; td ki f7if ;7 J hwpf
ud k<fvH k ;[mwke f7ifoGm;_y D ; yg;pyfuvnf;nnf;!loHav;awGay:xGuf
vmw<f? pp_ri f _ri fc si f ;awm h _r<ri f ;ud karmi farmi fvd k ;c J hovd ky J
7e fy d ki fp d k ;utd ki f7i f ;ud k ' l ;wkwfzi faxmifc d ki f ; _y D ;vd k ;aew<fvd k h _r<rif;
xifrdwmayghav?
'gayr<f htd ki f7i f ;7 J hnnf;!loHu wpfrs d K ; _zp faewmud k _r<rif;
56
csufcsi f;y JtuJcwfrdw<f? emjuifrS K'^fud kc Hae7rSKawGu td ki f7if;7J h
nnf;oHawGxJrSm txift@Sm;ygaewmygvm;?
b<fvd k_zpfwmygvdrf h?
tJ' Dwke f ;r SmyJ armifarmifupdwfxJZa0Z0g_zpfaewJ h _r<rif;ud k
cyfqwfqwfyJcHwifab;em;ta7muf wGef;yd k hvd kufw<f? tJ- -cHwif
em;ud ke D;e D;uyfuyfa7mufoGm;avawmhrS _rifuGif;uxif@Sm;vmw<f?
tvd kav;av;? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;7 J hv D ;wefwkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD ;u
Ad kvfu_ym;rav;7J hzi faygufusO f ;usO f ;av;xJud kxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ; zifvd k ;ae
wmygvm;?
_r<rif;[m zifvd k;cHae7wJhAd kvfu_ym;rav;td ki f7if;ud k rsufvH k;
t_yL;om;eJ h ai;pd kufjunfhaerdw<f?
td ki f7if;7J hE S Kwfcrf;awGu [aew<f? oGm;awGud kawmhwif;wif;
5 7
aphvd k h? rsufESmuvnf;@SK H hr J haew<f? rsufvHk;awGuawmh arS;arS;pif;pif;?
emjui fr S Kt7omawGud k y l ;w G J _y D ;c Hpm ;ae7wJ htr lt7my gy J ?
tif;- -_r<rif;[mtd ki f7if;ud k omrefta_ctaerSmvnf;awGhz l;ygw<f?
umrpyf<SufcH7_yD; 7rufxefaewJht_zpfe J hvnf;_rifbl;yg7J h?
'gayr<f h<ck_rifawG hae7wJ hta_ctaetrlt7m[efyefrs d K ;awmh
wpfcgrSr_rifzl;c J hao;ygbl;? t7rf;ud kxl;_cm;wmyJ?
Þ eif hud ki gatmufxyfr Smt_ywfvd k ;E d li fc J h _y Dxifwm? 'Dr SmurS
wu<fhyG JjuD;yG Jaumif;ud k ;uG- - ß
armifarmifu tHjudwf_yD;a_ymvd kufw<f?
ol hr sufvH k ;awGuvnf; rD ;0i f ;0i f ;awmufvd k h ? armi farmi f7 J h
a_ymyH kqd ky H ke J havoH[efyefud k _r<rif;ody foabmruscsi fbl;? armif
armi fwp f a<mu f r[ kw fr[y fwp f c k c kv k y f z d k h ju H pn f aeov d kv d k
_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmxifrdw<f? _r<rif;[marmifarmif hud k ajumufovdk
vd kawmif_zpfvm7w<f?
58
Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -OD;7<f? odyfrjurf;e J huG<f [if h ß
td ki f7if;7J hnnf;!la7@GwfoHawGay:vmw<f? awmif;yefoHav;
xGufvmw<f?
tif;- -yg;pyfuomnnf;!lawmif;yefwmyg? Ad kufu_ym;rav;
7J hzi fqH ktdtd_zL_zLum;um;juD;uawmh zifvd k ;aewJ hie Jom;qDud kawmh
aumhyif hay;w<f? vSKy f@ Sm; _y D ;cgvd k hawmifaeavao;7J h ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud k
p dwfjudKufzifvd k ;ygvd k h tm;ay;tm;arSmuf_yKwJ hoabmayg h?
7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; aqmif hcsuftm;ud krav#mhygbl;? cyfjurf;jurf;
cyfoGufoGufaqmif hvd k;aeav7Jh?
_r<ri f ;7y f junf haewJ hae7mu zi fvd k ;zi fc HaewJ hp H kw G J7 J hab;
wnf hwnf huqd kawmh zi faygufav;xJvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;wd k ;0i f _ye fxGuf
_zp faewmud k aumi f ;aumi f ; ju D ; _ri fE d l i fo dE d l i fwmay g h ? _ri fwmr S
vD;wefjuD;r Sm qDawG@ $ Jaewma7m| td ki f7i f ;7 J hptd k0r Smokwfvdr f ;xm;
wmudka7m| xifxif@Sm;@Sm;juD;ud k _rifae7wm?
td k 'Dvd kqDokwfxm;wmawGud k _rif7wmu _r<rif;ud kt7rf;pdwf
5 9
vSKy f@ Sm ;apwmy J ? aoG ;wd k ; _re fvmw<f? 7i ft7r f ;ud kc ke fvmw<f?
wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; ylxlzde f;@ S de f ;vmw<f?
tif ; 7rufp dwfawGxjuGvm_y Dqd kwmud k _r<rif ;odw<f?
' Dp dwfawGxde f ;odr f ;c s d K ;E S dr fvd k hvnf; r7Ed l ki fr Se f ;ud koabmaygufw<f?
'DwpfcgEd k ;jum;vmwJh7rufpdwf7J hwrf;wrSKu wpfrs d K ;ud k _zpfaeovdkvnf;
xifrdw<f? aumifrav;[m ajumufvnf;ajumufaew<f?
td ki f7if;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;u zifvd k ;wmudk7yfjunfhae7if; armifarmif
u _r<rif ;7 J hausm_yi fav;ud k vuf0g ;av;e J htomyGwfvd kufw<f?
vuf0g;uausm_yifatmufbufud kusqif;vmw<f? tJ aumifrav;7J h
wifyg;vH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfawGud kqkyfud ki fw<f? yGwfw<f? td k- -zifom;
wpf_crf;ud kawmif ukyf_yD;awmiftomav;_zJay;aew<f?
_r<ri f ;[m t÷7<fwp fc ku d k ju d Ko daeovd ky Jc Hpm ;7w<f?
@ke f ;uef_y D ;a_y;xGufoGm;csi fyg7 J h? 'gayr<f h armifarmif7 J hy Gwfoyfud ki f
wG<fqG J _z Jay;aeyH ku wu<fhud knifnifomomav;_zpf_yD; xda7mufrS K
uawmht7rf ;rsm;wmajumif h _r<rif ;taee J hb<fvd kr S@ ke f ;z<frxGuf
Ed li fbl;? wufjuGvmwJh7rufpdwfawGyJ yd k _yif;xefvmw<f? umrqdyf
awGyd kvmw<f?
6 0
_r<rif;[mvd k ;aejuwJhp H kwG Jud kp l ;p d kufjunfhaew<f? td k- -
tao;pdwf fud kaoaocsmcsmjunhfr dwm?
td ki f7if ;[m 'l;E Sp fvH k ;ud kcyfum;um;av;axmuf_y D ;uke f ;ay;ae
7wm? a@ S hbufuvufud kvnf; qef h _y D ;axmufxm;wmr[kwfbl ; ?
wpfawmifqpfud ky Jtm;_yK_y D;axmufxm;wm? 'Dawmh td ki f7if;7J hud k<f
tay:yd ki f ;u atmufbufud kcy fusus_zpf _y D ; zifjuD;uaumhaumh
axmi fwufaewmayg h ? td ki f7i f ;7 J ht dtdxGm;xGm;E d k ht H k juD ;awGuawmh
tdyf7mcif;ud kxdrdaejuw<fav?
td k aqmif hoGi f ;aewJ hvD;acsmi f ;juD;u zifacgi f ;xJud keufeuf
@ S d Ki f ;@ S d Ki f ; juD;wd k ;0i faevd k hvm;awmhrodygbl ;? td ki f7i f ;7 J hqD ;py ftom;
awGeJ h 0rf;ysOfom;awGwkefcgvSKyf@ Sm;aewmudkvnf;awG h7w<f?
' gwifb<f[kwfr SmvJ? td ki f7i f ;7 J hqDokwfxm;vd k hvufa_ymi f
aewJhptd k0av;[m vD;qG JtxkwfrSm vD;acsmif;juD;rSmwG<fuyf_yJvef
_yD;ygoGm;wm? aqmif hoGif;vk dufwJ htcg vD;eJ htwlcs d Ki f h0ifoGm;wmawGud k
awmif _r<rif;aoaocsmcsm_rif7w<f?
zifvd k ;c Hae7wJ htd ki f7if ;7 J ht_zpftysufud kaoaocsmcsmjunf h7if;
6 1
_r<rif;vnf; zifcHjunhfcsifp dwfawGay:vmw<f? ptd k0av;[mvnf;
<m;usdus d _zpfvmovdkyJ?
td k- -'Dp dwfawGbmajumif h _zpfvm7wmvJ? 'grs d K ;rpOf;pm;e J h ?
zifcHcsifwJ hp dwfawGud karmif;xkwfypfvd kuf- - -
_r<rif ;[m uk d<f hud k<fuk dtm;ay;7i f ; p dwfwnf_i dr fatmif
jud k ;pm;_y D ;xde f ;ygw<f?
tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJ- -
Þ b<fvd kvJcsmwdwfr td ki f7if;vd krs d K ;zifrcHcsifbl;vm; ß
armifarmifu _r<rif;7 J hem;@ Gufem;ud kuyf_y D ; cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ym
w<f?
'Dvd kcyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymvd kufwJ htoHu _r<rif;7J humrpufcvkwfud k
qG J _z Kwfvd kufovd ky gy J ? td k 7rufp dwfawGxde f ;vd k hr7E d li fawmhygbl ;?
pdwfawGvnf;wkef7ifvSKyf@ Sm;vd k hvmyg_yD? cufawmhwmygyJ?
6 2
a[m- -armifarmifu _r<rif;7J hptd k0av;rSm vuf!S d K ;ud k
usep Gmy Jz dawhxm;vd ku f _y D ? td k- -_r<ri f ;qwfqwf7<fwke fvd k h ?
7ifawGygc ke foGm;7wmayg h?
Þ zifaygufxJvuf!S d K ;0ifoGm;atmif eif hwifyg;ud kaemufaumh
ay;vd kufprf;csmwdwfr ß
armifarmifucyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymvm_yefw<f? apcd ki f ;vm_yefw<f?
armifarmifc d ki f ;wmvkyfray;oif hbl;qd kwm _r<rif;odygw<f?
'gayr<f hol hr7 J haoG ;om;awGuawmh qif _ci fpO f ;pm;E d li fwJ hO D ;aE Smuf7 J h
xdef;csKyfr S Kud k rcHcsifjuawmhygbl;?
junfhav? _r<rif;[mwpfcsuftHjudwf_yD; zifqH ktdtdjuD;ud k
qwfueJaemufaumhay;vd kuf_yD?
armifarmifu ptd k0rSmvuf!S d K ;ud kususeeawhaxmufxm;wm
r[kwfvm;? tckvd k _r<rif ;uzifjuD;qwfueJaemufaumhvd kufawmh
vuf!S d K ;w0ufavmuf[m usO f ; juy fwJ hzi fac gi f ;ay gufxJav#mueJ
0ifoGm;awmhwmayg h?
6 3
Þ td k- - ß
zi f ay gu fu sO f ;u sO f ; av;x Ju d k vuf! S d K ;w d k ; 0i fvmwmu
wif;wif;juyfjuyfe J hwpfwpfqd k hqd k h juD;r d k h _r<rif;7 J hyg ;pyfutoHav;
xGufoGm;7w<f?
armifarmifu0ifoGm;wJ hvuf!S d K ;ud k t_idr fraebl;? xd k ;vd kuf
xkwfvd kufvkyfw<f? zifacgif;xJrSmvSnf hywfxd k;ar$ay;w<f? b<fvd k
awG _zp fuke fr Se f ;awmif _r<rif ;rodygbl ;? @ ke f ;uef _ii f ;qefz k d hqd kwm
a0vma0;? rsufvH k;av;_yL;_yD; yg;pyfav;ta[mif;om;_zpfoGm;7_yD?
Þ awmuf- -eif hapmufzkwfuusOf;vd k h vd k;7wmaumif;vS_yD
r Swfaewm? zifaygufuyd kawmifusOf;ao;vm;? 'Dzifaygufud kvd k ;77if
vnf; yd kawmifaumif;tk H ;r<f ß
aumifrav;7J hzifaygufxJvuf!S d K;e J hxd k ;uvday;7if; armifarmif
u a_ymvd kufw<f?
td k- -_r<rif;raeEd li fawmhbl;? zifc Hjunh fcsi fwJ hp dwfawGu
t7rf;ud k _yi f ; _yxufoefvd k hvmaeju_yD? ol hrsufp de J hwyftyf_rifae7wJ h
6 4
tdki f7if ;7 J ht_zpfuvnf; zifc H7wmemayr<f h wpfrs d K ;t7omxl;uJvS
ajumif; vufawGh_yaewmyJr[kwfygvm;?
'gayr<fh _r<rif;[m zifvd k ;c Hcsi faeyg_yDvd k hyg;pyfuyGif hy Gi f hvif;
vif;awmhxkwfaz:ra_ym7Jao;bl;? a_ym7rSm@Sufvd k huawmhr[kwfygbl;?
^Smxefae_yDyJ? t@Sufqd kwmb<f@S dawmhrSmvJ? bmac:rvJ? rvkyf
bl;ao;wJ htvkyfwpfckud kpvkyf7rSmud k aemufwGef haewJ hoabmyg?
'gayr<f htrlt7meJ h _ywf_ywfom;om;_yefta_zay;wJ hoabmrs d K ;
e J h acgif;ud ktomaemufiJ h _y D ; armifarmif7J hyg;ud k@ $wfueJerf;vd kufw<f
av?
armifarmifu zif0ud kuvdaewJhvufud kqwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kuf
w<f? zifxJrSm[mwmwmawmif_zpfoGm;ovdkyJ? armifarmif7J hvufawG
[m _r<rif;wpfud k<fvH k;ud ky Gwfoyfvm_yefw<f? _r<rif;rSmzde f;ueJ
@S de f ;ueJud k _zpfvd k hoGm;7w<f?
Þ at;- -eifuzifvd k ;c Hcsi fw<fqd k7ifvnf; iguzifvd k ;ay;
7wmayg h? 'gayr<fhig hvD;awmifvmatmifawmh eiful_yD;vkyfay;7vdrf h
r<f? [kwfvm; ß
65
csmwdwfrav;_r<ri f ;[m armi farmi f7 J hay gi f jum;uvD;ud k
wp fc su f junf hv d ku fr dw<f? ti f ;av? [kwfy g7 J h ? ol hv D ; ju D ;u
rwfrwfjuD;r Sawmi fraeao;wm? 'gayr<f haysm haysm hac Gac G juD ;awmh
vnf; _zpfraeygbl;? rawmif hwawmifav;_zpfaewm?
armifarmif7J hrwfawmifvmatmif _r<rif;wjudrfvkyfay;cJ h _y D ;
yg_yD? yg;pyfe J hp ky f | @SmeJ h7ufay;7wmudkvnf; _r<rif;tawmfav;ESpf
oufoabmusr d _y D ; ' Dv d kv ky fay;vd ku f7i f vD ;awmi fvmr Smqd kwm
udkvnf; odaew<fav?
armi f armi ftaee J h _r<ri f ;u d k E S p f c gw d ku fw Ge f ; p7mawmi f
rvd kygbl;? yckef;ud kud ki f _y D; atmufud kz dcsay;zd k hawmifrvd kbl;? _r<rif;
[mcsufcsif;yJ armifarmif7J ha_c7if;rSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;_zpfoGm;_yD?
_r<ri f ;wp fa<mufvD ;p ky f7wmud k @ G Hp7m[kyi frpO f ;pm;E d li f
awmhyg? 'Dvd kvD;pkyfay;7rSKonf tvdk;cHEd li f7eftwGuf rdef;rwpfa<muf
_y Kvky fay;7onf hobm0wm0e f0wW7m;wp fc k[ k xif _ri fIvmonf?
xd k _yifvD;p ky fay;7_cif;ajumif h cHpm;7aomumrt7omud k rde f ;r_zpfr S
omv#if cHpm;7@S dE d li fonfhxl;uJaomt7om[lIvnf; awG;rdonf?
66
_r<rif;onf' l ;wkwfxk di fcsvd kuf_y D ;aemuf armifarmif>ud k<f
atmufyd ki f ;ud k vufarmif ; _zi f htomod ki f ;zufvd kuf_y D ; armifarmif>
zifa_ymifjuD;rsm;ud ktomqkyfud ki fvk dufonf? vD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumuf
rsm;aygufaeonf hvD;wefjuD;onf _r<rif;>vnfyif;E Si f har;aphwd k hud k
xdvd kufrxdvdkuf_zpfIaeonf?
_r<rif;r Smtawmfav;t7yf_rif honf hr de f ;uav;wpfa<muf_zpf
7m 'l;wkwfxd ki fcsvd kuf7mwGif olr>rsufESmu armifarmif>qD;pyf
ausm fausm favmufwGi f@ S d aeonf? y g ;py fE Si f hv D ;we fwnf hwnf h ju D ;
@S draeyg?
xd kajumi f h _r<ri f ;onfvD ;p ky fay;E d li f7e ftwGuf acgi f ;ud k
atmufod k htomyi fi H k hv d ku f7onf? onfawmhr S vD ;E Si f hy g ;py fe D ;py f
oGm;onf? _r<rif;>yg;pyfav;[um @Smav;wpfvpfxGufvmonf?
xd k@ Smav;u vD;t7if;yd ki f ;ud kxdrdonf? armifarmif>vD;u rwfawmif
raeao;? cyfaysmhaysmh_zpfum atmufod k hO D ;p d kufaeonf? xdkajumif h
_r<ri f ;onf vD ;t7i f ;y d k i f ;r S aeI atmufbufqDo d k h av#mc sum
vD;xdyfyd ki f;od k hta7muf@Smav;_zif h7ufcsay;vd kufonf?
armi farmi fonf _r<ri f ;>apmufz kw fu d ky<fy<fe<fe<f
6 7
vdk;cJ h _y D;aemuf vD;ud kaq;ajum_cif;r_yKao;yg? xd kajumif h _r<rif;>
apmufzkwfxJr S<d kp dr f hxGuftHuscJ havaomapmuf7nfjunfESi f hokwf7nf
rsm; vD;wGifokwfvdrf;ayusHaecJ honf? avovyfI a_cmufoa<mif
awmif_zpfaejuonf?
vD;wefwav#muf7ufcsvmaom_r<rif;>@Smu xd kokwf7nf
ESi f hapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ud k7ufrdonf? _r<rif;tae_zif h ud k<f hapmuf
7nfud k udk<f_yefum7ufaeonfhoabm_zpfoGm;onf? udk<f hapmufzkwfeH h
ud k<f_yef7um tawmfyifpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;p7m_zpfIaeavonf?
Þ 'Dwpfcgawmh rif;twGuftulav;bmav;ac:ay;7tkef;r<fß
_r<rif ;>yg;py fu vD;ud ki H kr dvd kufc s de fr Smyi f armi farmi f>
pum;oHay:vmonf? armi farmi f>toHr Sm tawmfav;oGufvuf
_rL;juGaeonf?
Þ a[h- -[d kw@ kw frav;? ' Du d kvm_y D ;ei f ho li<fc si f ;u d k
0 d k i f ;u lay;vk du fy gt ke f ; ? olwp fa<mufwnf ;i g hv D ;awmi fvmatmi f
p k y f ay ;aewmu d k ei fu' Dtw d k i f ; y J jun f h ae7wm ry si f ;b l ;vm ; ?
eifyg0d ki f ;ul_yD; pkyfay;ygvm; ß
68
_r<rif;onfvD;ud kukef;p kyfae_yD_zpf7m <k<karmfbufod k hrjunfh
tm;yg? od k haomfcHwifay:rSqif;vmonfha_coHud kjum;7avaomajumif h
<k<karmfwpfa<muf armifarmifa_ymaompum;ud kemcHum vmae_yD
_zp fa ; jumi f ;u d kawm ho donf? armi farmi f>vD ;wp fac smi f ;wnf ;u d k
r dr dE Si f h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<muf b<fvd krsm;0d ki f ;p kyfay;ju7rSmvJ[kvnf;
awG;onf?
armifarmi f>vD;r Sm rawmif hwawmifcy faysm haysm hav;_zp fae
ay7m _r<rif;uvuf_zif htomudki fumr<lv#uf pkyfae7_cif;_zpfonf?
<k<karmfonf_r<rif;ab;em;wGifa7mufvmum tom'l;axmufxk di fcs
_y D ;aemuf armifarmif>vD;ud kvSr f ;ud ki fonf? TwGifvD;ud kqky fud ki f
xm;aom_r<rif;>vufay:od k h <k<karmf>vufu qkyfud ki fr dv#uf
om;_zpfonf?
<k<karmfrSm 7efyd kifpd k;oif_yay;xm;cJ haomajumifh vD;pkyf7wmudk
tawmfav;oabmusESp f _c d Kufaeay_yD? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;wpfacsmif;wnf;
ud kp ky f7wm odyfrauseyfcsif?
7e fy d k i fp d k ;>vD ;xufy d k ju D ;aomarmi farmi f>vD ;p ky fv d kp dw fu
@S daecJ honf? xd kajumif harmifarmifuvSrf ;ac:vd kufonfESi f h b<fvd k
6 9
r#yifwH k haE S ; _ci f ;r@S dy J vD;p ky fay;7efcsufcsi f ;c Hwifay:rSqif;vmcJ honf?
cyf@Si f;@ Si f;a_ym7rnfqd kygu <k<karmfonf onfvd ktac:apmif haecJ h _cif;
_zpfonf?
_r<ri f ;uarmi f armi f>v D ;u d k p k y f ay ;aeonfu d k _ ri f7awm h
<k<karmfrSm yd kvd k hompdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmonf?
w@kwfu_ym;rav;>rsufvH k ;r sm;onfvnf; ta7mi fwvuf
vufawmufvmonf? w@kwfu_ym;rav;<k<karmfonf r÷av;ol
_r<rif;vd kr[kwf? vuf7JZuf7JESi f htvGefoGufvufol_zpfonf?
Þ [m- -olh[mu yd kjuD;w<faemf- - ß
<k<karmfu _r<rif;pky fay;aeaomvD;ud kjunfh_y D; cyfwd k ;wd k ;
av;a_ymonf? vD;ud k _r<rif;yg;pyfE Si f hi H kumpky fay;aeavaomajumif h
<k<karmfr Sm vD;p ky fvd kaomfvnf; pky fp7mvD;acsmif;r@S dy J _zpfaeonf?
xd kajumif htomav;vufwpfbufqef hxkwfum armifarmif>a~G;Orsm;
ud kqkyfud ki faqmhupm;ay;vd kufonf?
<ckavmavmq<fvD;rpkyf7ao;vnf; bm_zpfvJ? vD;rpkyf7cif
7 0
a~G;OawGqkyfud ki fupm;ay;vd kuf@k Hayg h?
' Dvd kvufeJ htomqkyfud ki fjunfhawmh aysmhtdaEG;axG;aomtxd
tawG hajumif h <k<karm f7 J hp dwfxJr Smr@ k d ;r@ G _zp fvmw<f? 'gajumif h
ac gi f ;av;ud ktoma@ S hw d k ;v d ku f _y D ; armi farmi f7 J h a~ G ;Ow G Jv G J aw Gu d k
@ Smav;e J h7ufay;vd kufawmhwmyJ? E S Kwfcr f ;z l ;z l ;av;awGe J hvnf;i H k _y D ;
p ky fay;vd kufygao;w<f?
armifarmifqwfueJwkefoGm;wmudkvnf; _r<rif;odvd kufw<f?
' Dvd k _zp foGm;7wmu <k<karmfua~G;OawGud kp ky fay;vd kuf7wmajumif h
_zpfwmrd k h _r<rif;pdwfxJrSm remvd kovd k | rcHcsi fovd k _zpfr dw<f?
'gawG[m q<fausmfouft@G<faumifrav;awG7Jhp@k dufvuQ^m
wpfckvd k hqd k7avrvm;yJ? olwd k ht@G<fcsmwdwfrawG[m _ydKi fbufay:
vm7ift@S H K ;ray;csifjubl;?
Þ at;- -' Dvd kr Say g hu G? ri f ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf' Dvd kae7mc G J _y D ;
vkyfay;ju7if_yD;wmyJ [if;[if;[if; ß
armi farmi fu toma7@Gwfa_ymjum;w<f? ie Jom;ody fud k
7 1
oabmusae_yDayg h? [kwfw<fav? i<fi<fEkEkaumifrav;ESpfa<muf
u wpfa<mufuvD;pkyf | wpfa<mufu a~G;pkyfe J h t_ywf_yKpkay;ae
juwmudk;?
_yD;awmh csmwdwfrESpfa<mufud k w_ydKi fwnf;xdef;xm;Ed li fwm
ajumih fvnf; armifarmiftawmfav;ud kauseyftm;7~k^f<laerdw<f?
armifarmifa_ymvd kufyH ku _r<rif;e J h<k<karmfwd k hE Sp fa<mufud k wefzd k ;
rxm;wJ hoabmrs d K ;y J? ol hvd kbud k _znf hqnf;ay;ae7wJhr de f ;rawGoabm
rs d K ;xm;_yD;a_ymvd kufwm? 'gayr<fhumrpdwfawG_yif;_yxufoefaejuwJh
r de f ;uav;ESpfa<mufuawmh armifarmif7J havoH[efyefud kta7;rxm;
Ed li fjuygbl;?
_r<rif;uvnf; ol htpGr f ;ud k _ycsi fwmajumif h armifarmif7 J h
vD;'pfxdyfzsm;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;yJpkyfay;vd kufw<f? 'gwifruao;bl;?
acgi f;ud ktomedr f hvd kufjuGvd kufvkyf _y D ; vD;juD;ud kyg;pyfxJ0ifvmvd kuf|
_yefxGufoGm;vd kuf_zpfaeap_yefao;w<f?
tJ'Dtcs de frSm<k<karmfu a~G;OawGudk7ufay;pkyfay;ae7muae_yD;
vD;weft7if;yd ki f ;ud k@ SmeJ htomywf_yD; 7ufay;vm_yefw<f? oluvD;pkyf
junfhcsifaewmr[kwfvm;?
7 2
Þ uJ- -<rif; eif holi<fcsif;ud kwvSnf hay;pkyfvd kufygtH k ; ß
armifarmifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymw<f?
armi farmi fuonfvd ka _ymvd ku fw<fqd k7i fy J <k<karm f[m
_r<ri f ;z<fxkwfay;r Smud kawmi f apmi f hraeawm hb l ; ? vD ; juD ;ud k
qwfue Jvufe J hu d ki f _y D ; _r<ri f ;7 J hy g ;py fx JuuÈwfxGufoGm ;atmi f
qG J<lvd kufw<f? _yD;wmeJ hol hyg;pyfeJ hi H k _y D;wtm;pkyfvd kufwm _zpfcsifawmh
vD;xdyfem;ud kol ha@S hoGm;e J hawmifxdrdoGm;ygava7m? t7omcH_y D;r S de f ;ae
wJ harmifarmifwpfa<muf tawmfud kemoGm;wmayg h?
Þ a[h- -a[h- -oGm;eJ hud kufrdae_yD owdxm;rSayg h ß
armifarmifu'Dvd ka_ym_y D ; <k<karmf7 J hacgi f ;ud kvufwpfbufeJ h
wGe f ; _y D ; ol hvD ;ud kvnf;w@kwfu_ym;rav;7J hy g ;py fxJuaeqG Jxkwf<l
vd kufw<f? <k<karmf7J hwHawG;pav;wpfcku yd k ;csnfr#ifvd kvD;xdyfuae
wef;ueJus_yD; <k<karmf7J har;aphrSmoGm;uyfw<f?
Þ eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvkpkyfae7if ig hvD;yJemvdrf hr<f? uJ- -
vD;ud k<rif;uyJp ky f? <k<kuawmh aemufbufoGm;_y D ;ig ha~ G ;OawGud k
p kyfay;- - ß
7 3
armifarmifu aumifrav;ESpfa<mufud kwm0efcG Jay;vd kufw<f?
_r<rif;7J hp dwfxJrSmawmh armifarmifuvD;pkyfay;zk d hol hud ka@G;cs<f
apcd ki f ;wmud ky J tawmfauseyfr dw<f? <k<karmfud ktvJxd k ;E d li fvd kuf
_yDayg h? OD;armifuig hud ky Joabmusw<fayg hav? ajomf rdef;uav;rsm;
a_ymygw<f?
_r<rif;uvnf;b<faES ;vdr f hr SmvJ? ol htwGufc G Jwrf ;t_zpf7
vd ku fwJ hv D ;ac smi f ; juD ;ud k yg ;py fe J hi H k _y D ;tm;7yg ;7ud kp ky fay;vd ku fwm
Ø_yGwf×ueJawmiftoH_rnfw<f? 'Dvd kvD;pkyfay;ae7if; tomrsufeufav;
axmi f huy f jun f hv d ku f awm h < k< k arm f[mav;bu faxmu f _ y D ;
armifarmif7J hzifa_ymifjuD;aemufbufud koGm;aewmudk_rif7w<f?
armifarmifu a_caxmufESp facsmi f ;ud kcyfum;um;av;vkyf _y D ;
7yfay;vd kufw<f? u7maw;uDoGif; _y D;7yfaewJ htaetxm;rs d K ;? 'l;ud k
rauG;wauG;vkyf| aygifESp fc kud kum;| zifa_ymifjuD;ud kaemufbufraumh
waumhav;vkyfay;xm;wm?
_r<rif;7 J hrsufvH k ;tjunfhu cHwifab;em;ueH7Hr Smaxmif7uf
om;@S daewJ hr Se fjuD;wpfcsy fud koGm;_rifr dw<f? _r<rif;[m'Dtcef;xJr Sm
7 4
7efy d ki fp d k ;ud ktys d K7nfay;tyf_y D ;tvd k ;c Hc J h7_y D ;yg _y D? tJ' Dwke f ;u'Dr Se fjuD;
@S daewmudk rodcJ hygbl;? pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vGef;_y D; owdrrlrdvd k h _zpfr SmyJvd k hy J
awG;r dw<f?
trSefuawmh _r<rif;ud k7efyd ki fp d k ;pvd k ;c J hpOfwkef;u tJ'Dr Se fjuD;
@ S draecJ hygbl;? td ki f7if;ud kzifvd k ;wmud k rSe fxJr SmvSrf ;junf h _y D ;wpfrs d K ;
t7omcHcsifvd k h 7efyd ki fp d k ;u apmapmuav;wifrS 'Dtcef;xJud ka@$ h _y D;
ususeeaxmifxm;cJ hwmyg?
tajumif;wd kufqd ki fcsi fawmh _r<rif;wd k h@ S daewJ hae7muvnf;
olwdk hyH k7dyfud krSefjuD;xJrSmvSrf;_rifEd li fw<fav? _r<rif;[mtrSwfrxifyJ
rSe fxJuyH k7dyfawGud kvSrf;junfhvd kufrdygw<f? tdk- -ol7<f| armifarmif
7<f| <k<karmf7<f oH k;a<mufvH k;7J h@ ky foGifyH k7 dy fawGu rSefom;_yifjuD;
ay:rSm uGufuGufuGif;uGif;ud k xif[yfaewmygvm;?
_r<rif;@ S daewJ hae7mqd k7if rSe fxJrSmtd ki f7if;e J h7efy d ki fp d k ;ud kawmh
r_rifEd li fygbl;? 'gayr<fhtd ki f7if;7J hnnf;!loHawG| zifxJvD;aqmif hoGif;
oHawG| 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hqD;pyfe J h td ki f7i f ;7 J hzi fqH k juD;@ k dufr doHawGuawmh
rjum;csi ftqH k ;y J? 'DtoHawGjum;7wmajumif h td ki f7i f ;ud k7e fy d ki fp d k ;
y<fy<fe<fe<fzifvd k;aerSef; aumif;aumif;juD;odEd li fwmayg h?
7 5
_r<rif ;urSe fxJr Sm _ri fae7wJ h <k<karm f7 J hv S Ky f@ Sm ;r S KawGud k
tav;xm;_yD;pl;pd kufjunfhrdw<f? <k<karmf[marmifarmif7J haemufbuf
rSm 'l;axmuf7ufom;av;xd ki fvd k hav? olhvufav;ESpfbufeJ h armif
armif7J hzifom;juD;ESpf_crf;ud k_zJxm;w<f? olhrsufESmuawmh armifarmif7J h
zifjum;rSmuyf7ufom;@S daewmajumif h <k<karmfbmvkyfaew<fqd kwm
udk rSe fxJrSmxifxif@Sm;@Sm;r_rif7bl;? 'gayr<fharmifarmif7J ha~G;OwG JvG J
aw Gu d k zi f jum;uaevSr f ; _y D ;p ky fay;7ufay;aew<fqd kwmud kawm h
_r<rif;odygw<f?
tJ'Dtcd kufrSmyJ armifarmifuolhzifa_ymifjuD;ud kaemufud ky d kaumh
ay;vd kufw<f? enf;enf;vnf;atmufES dr f hcsay;vd kufw<f? 'Dvd kzifud k
vSKy fvd kufwmajumif h _r<rif;yg;pyfxJuvD;juD;awmifaig hueJ_zpfoGm;
ao;w<f? tckqd k7if armifarmif7J hvD;juD;u rwfawmifvd k haeyg_yD?
rawmi fy JaeE d li f@ k d ;vm;? aumi frav;wpfa<mufuvD;p ky f | w_cm;
wpfa<mufua~G;O7ufvkyfay;aewmudk;?
Þ w@kwfrav;- -ig ha~ G ;OawGud krp ky fe J hawmh? ig hzi f0ud ky J
@ SmeJ h7ufay;prf; ß
armifarmifu <k<karmfud kapcd ki f ;vd kufoHud kjum;7_yefw<f?
7 6
armifarmifuawmh csmwdwfrESp fa<mufud kaumif;aumif;juD;toH k ;cs
pnf;pdrf<lae_yD? awmf@k Hwef@k Haju;pm;r<fawGawmifrvkyfay;wJ htvkyf
rs d K ;awGvkyfc d ki f ;ae_yD?
'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfcd ki f ;wmawmh raumif;ygbl;vd k h _r<rif;awG;rdw<f?
awG;omawG;r dwmyg? ol hyg;pyfuawmhrwfawmifae_yD _zpfwJ hvD;juD;ud k
tir f ;r7p ky fay;vd k h ? raumif ;r Se f ;odayr<f h v$r f ; _c H Kaeav_y D _zp fwJ h
7rufaZmt[kefuGef<ufuae_yD; _r<rif;@ke f;rxGufEd li f@ Smygbl;?
<k<karm f7 J htoufud k jud K ;pm;@ S Laey H k7wJ hw@SL ;@ S L ;toHawGud k
_r<rif;jum;ae7w<f? rsufp de J hr_ri f7ayr<f htckqd k7i f<k<karm f[m
armifarmif7J hzifar$;awG0d ki f ;7HaygufaewJhptd kpud k @Smav;eJ hxd k ; _yD;7ufay;
ae7_yDqd kwm odaew<f? 'Dtodu_r<rif;7J h7rufrD;ud k yd kavmuf_rd Kuf
apygw<f?
Þ td k- -OD ;armi fuuÈe frwd k hud kenf;enf;av;rSwefz d k ;rxm;y J
ol hvd kbud ky Jjunf h _y D ; <kwf<kwfrmrmnpfnpfnrf;nrf;vky fc d ki f ;aewm
odygw<f? 'gayr<f h<ckavmavmq<frSmawmh 'gud kab;cs dwfxm;?
O D ;armifzi fvd k ;r<fqd kwmud k cHjunf hcsi fp dwfawGb<fvd kr Sxde f ;r7bl;?
zi fvd k ;wmud kc Hvd kufr<f- - vd k h ß _r<rif;7 J hp dwfxJr SmawG;awm
a_ymqd kaerdw<f?
7 7
armifarmif[molhudk<fay:uaeausmf_yD; wpfae7m7mudkvufvSrf;
vd kufwmudk _r<rif;odvd kuf7wmajumif h tomrSefxJud kvSrf;junfhvd kuf
awmh c Hwifacgi f ;7i f ;em;r Sm@ S daewJ hacgi f ;vdr f ;qDbl ;ud kvSr f ;<lwm_ri f
7w<f?
acgif;vdrf;qDu taumif;pm;| Øb<fvfu7if;rf× acgif;vdrf;qDyg?
armifarmifvSrf;<lvd kufwm qHyifud kvdrf;z d k hawmhr[kwfbl;? olhvD;u
rwfawmifae_yDav? _r<rif;ud kzifvd k ;awmhrSmrd k h tJ'Dacgi f;vdrf;qDud k
ol hvD;rSmokwfvdrf;rvd k hayg h? _yD;awmh _r<rif;7J hzif0rSmvnf; qDvdrf;
ay;7tH k;r<fav? 'grSzifvd k;7wmtqifacsmr<fr[kwfvm;?
armifarmi fub<fvfu7ifr facgi f ;vdr f ;qDbl;xJuacgi f ;vdr f ;qD
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ud k vufacsmif;awGeJ huavmf<lvd kufw<f? acgif;vdrf;
qDbl k;u tzH k;yGif hae_yD;om;? tdki f7if;ud kzifcszd k htwGuf 'Dacgif;vdrf;qDbl;
xJuacgif;vdrf;qDawGud ky J 7efyd ki fp d k ;uxkwfoH k ;c J hwmud k ;? tzH k ;awmif
_ye frydwfE d li fy J qDokwf_y D ;wmeJ htd ki f7i f ;ud kwef;zi fcsvd kufvd k h tzH k ;u
yGi f hae_yD;om;toif h@ S daewm?
armifarmifu _r<rif;7J hyg;pyfxJuolhvD;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kuf_yef
w<f? _yD;awmhol hvD;wefjuD;ud kususeeyJqDawGvdrf;aew<f?
7 8
td ki f7i f ;7 J hzi fxJud kxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ;vd k ;aewJ h 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD ;r Sma7m|
td k- -zifvd k ;c Hae7wJhtd ki f7if;7J hzif0rSmyg 'DqDrs d K ;okwfvdrf;xm;wmud k
_r<rif;awG h7_y D ;om;yg?
tck armi farmi fuvD;ud kqDvdr f ;wmuvnf; ol hud kzi faqmf
z d k hr Se f ;odwmayg h? 'gajumif haumifrav;t7rf;aoG;qlvmw<f? zif0
av;rsm;qd k7if yGpdyGp dav;ud k _zpfvd k h?
Þ cHwifay:wufvd kufprf; aumifrav; ß
armifarmifu_r<rif;ud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;y Ja_ymw<f?
_r<rif;[mjuufoD;awGxoGm;7if; cHwifay:tomvSrf ;wuf
vd kufw<f? armi farmi fucHwifay:omwufc d ki f ;wm? b<fvd ktae
txm;rs d K ;aeay;7r<fvd k hawmh ra_ymbl;?
'gayr<fha_ymaep7mrvd kygbl;? td ki f7if;wpfa<mufvH k ;zifvd k ;c H
ae7wmu rsuf_rify J[m? td ki f7if;ud ktwk<l_y D ; td ki f7if;vd ky Jaeay;
vd kuf@k Hayg h?
7 9
_r<rif;[m zifvdk;cHae7wJhtd kif7if;7J hab;em;rSm tom<SOfv#ufyJ
' l;av;wkwf_yD; zifylawmif;axmifukef;ay;vd kufw<f?
' Dvd k _r<rif;av;bufuke f ;vmwmud k _ri f7awmh armifarmif7 J h
zi fvd k ;wmud kc Hz d k hq d kwm 7e fy d ki fp d k ;o dvd ku fw<f? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;7i fxJr Sm
rauseyfovd kvd k _zp fr dw<f? olu_r<rif;ud k zifaqmfz d k hp dwful;xm;
wmud k ; ? td ki f7i f ;u d kzi fv d k ; _y D ;7i f _r<ri f ;u d kquf _y D ;zi fc sr<fvd k h
tjuHjuD;juHxm;cJ hwm? tckawmh armifarmifuolhxufvufOD;oGm;_yD?
_y D ; awm h _r<ri f ;u d k junf h7wmuvnf ; zi fv d k ; c H z d k htawm fav;u d k
p dwftm;xufoefaeovd ky J? 'Dcsmwdwfri<fi<fav;ud k zifc Hcsi fp dwf
awG_zp fvmatmifvky fay;E l di fwJ harmi farmi f7 J htpGr f ;ud kvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;
cs D ;r Gr f;r dyg7J h?
at;av? 'grs d K ;uukefcrf;oGm;Ed li fwmrSr[kwfwm? armifarmif
t7ifp_yD; zifcscsifvnf;csygap? olu_r<rif;7J htys d K7nf| <k<karmf7J h
tys d K7nfawGomru rmvmwifqd kwJ h7c d ki frav;7 J htys d K7nfawGud ky g
7<lvd k ;xm;_y D ; _y Dy J ? _r<rif ;ud kaemufr Szi fc sr<fqd k7i fvnf;7wmyJ?
tc kavmavmq<f <k<karm fvnf ;@ S d aeao;wmy J ? <k<karm fu d k
zi ftys d K7nft7<laqm fvd ku f@ k H ay g h ? _r<ri f ;7 J hzi ftys d K7nfud kawm h
armifarmifyJzsufvd kufygapawmh?
8 0
onfvd kp dwful;7awmhvnf; 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hrauseyfovd k _zpfaewJ h
p dwfawGyaysmufoGm;wmayg h? 'gajumif hol ha@S hzifaxmifuke f ;ay;xm;wJ h
A d kvfu_ym;rav;7J hzi fud k xdrd _yif ;xefwJ haqmif hcsufawGe J h cyfr Se fr Se f |
cyf_yif; _yif;quf_yD;aqmif hvd k ;aew<f?
Þ bGyfAspf- -bGyfbGyf- - ß
Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf OD;7<f- - ß
Þ bGyf- -tif h[if h- -bGyf- -tm;yg;yg; ß
td ki f7if;[mvnf; pkwfoyfnnf;7if; atmf[pf7if;e J hy J emjuif
rS K _yGr f;wJ humrt7omudkc Hpm;_yD; zifvd k ;qufcHaeygw<f?
Zmwfodrf;y d ki f ;ar#m fyg?
8 1
Þ q,fausm foufuav;rsm;(6) ß
armi farmi fuvnf; c Hwifay:wufoGm; _y D ? <k<karm fvnf;
b< fu s e f a ev d r f h r S mv J ? ar mi f a r m i f a e mu fuuy f y go G m ;w< f ?
armifarmif7J hptd kud k quf7ufay;aew<f? tif;- -<k<karmf7J ht_zpf
uvnf; oem;p7myg? td ki f7if;zifvd k ;c H7wmudk olaoaocsmcsm_rifcJ h
7w<f? a[m- -tck_r<rif;ud karmifarmifuzifvd k ;awmhr Smud kvnf;
olodaew<f? _r<rif;odyfzifcHcsifr Se f;vnf; 7dyfrdw<f?
<k<karmfuaum? bmom;eJ hxkxm;wmrd k hvJ? 'Dvd kta_ctaerSm
zi fc H junf hc si fw J hp dw fawGay:vm7awm hwmayg h ? ' gayr<f ho l hzi fu d k
avmavmq<fvdk;ay;r<fhvD;u r@S dao;bl;av?
_r<ri f ; e J ht d k i f 7i f ;w d k htv Sn f h _ y D ; r So l htv Sn f h a7mu fvmr S m ?
'gajumif hzif hvd k ;c Hcsifp dwfawG r@k d ;r@G_zpfvmwdki f; armifarmif7J hzifayguf
ud kr J _yD;7ufay;aewm? 'Dvd k _yKpkay;wmudkwH k h _yefwJ htaeeJ h armifarmifu
ol hud kzi faqmfay;vdr f hr<fvd k hvnf; <k<karm far#m fvif hxm;w<fav?
tif;- -rde f ;rrsm;? td kufwifawGomrsm;aewwfom? t!Smud ki f _y D ;
^Smxefvm7ifawmh b<fvd kr Sratmif htnf;rxdef;odrf;Ed li favmufatmif
_zpfuke f7awmhwmygyJ? <k<karmfr S' Dvd kr[kwfygbl;av? rde f;rtawmf
8 2
rsm;rsm; 'Dtwdki f;csnf;ygyJ?
armi farmi fu _r<rif ;7 J hzi fom;av;E Sp f _cr f ;ud ktomqG J _z J _y D ;
plwlwl_zpfaewJhptd k0av;rSm acgif;vdrf;qDawGokwfvdrf;ay;vd kufygw<f?
Þ eif hzif0ud kvnf; qD@$ J@ $ Jokwfay;7r<f? 'grS zifvd k ;wJ htcg
vD;0ifacsmrSm- - ß
yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymvd kufao;w<f? 'Dvd ka_ym7if;u zif0ud k
okwfay;aewJhvuf!S d K;ud k tomqwfueJzdxd k ;vd kufwm bma_ymaumif;
rvJ? acsmueJud k0ifoGm;awmhwmygyJ?
Þ td k- -[if h- -OD;armif ß
zifxJvuf!S d K ;av#mueJ0ifvmwmu t7omwpfrs d K ;r d k h _r<rif;
7 J hy g ;py fu a7@GwfoHav;ay:xGufoGm;y gw<f? armi farmi fuawmh
_r<ri f ;7 J h zi f0u d k qDo kw fv dr f ;@ k Homruy J vuf! S d K ; e J hx d k ; ar $ _y D ;
vD;0ifvrf;aumif;atmif cs J hae_yefygw<f?
' Dvd kvky fay;wm[mzifvd k ;c H7awmhr<f hr de f ;rud kvD ;juD;xd k ;oGi f ;
8 3
7ifb<fvd kr sm;aerSmygvdr f hvd k hawG; _y D ; pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;atmifvky fay;7wJ h
enf;vrf;vnf;_zpfygw<f?
_r<rif;[m t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;aeyg_y D? odyfvnf;zifvd k ;c H
csifae_yD? raeEd li fawmhbl;?
_r<ri f ;7 J h em ;xJr Sm ysy fy sy fqd kw J htoHav;awGjum;7w<f?
_yD;awmh Þ at;- -[kwf_yD tJ'Dvd k@ Smav;eJ h xd k;_yD;aumif;aumif;
7ufay;prf;ygw@kwfr7 ß qdkwJ harmifarmif7J htoHud kvnf;jum;7w<f?
'gajumif hzi fy lawmif ;axmifuke f ;ay;xm;7vd k h aemufbufud kr_ri fE d li f
ayr<fh <k<karmfuarmifarmif7J hptd kaygufud k quf_yD;7ufay;aew<f
qd kwmodaew<f? ' Dt_zp fawGud k r Se fuaewqif h _ri fE d l i frvm;vd k h
v Sr f ; junf hw<f? tif ;av vrf;ajumi f ;taetxm;vG JoGm;vd k hvm;
awmhra_ymwwfbl;? olwd k h7 J ht7dy ftoGi fawGud k r Se fay:r Smr_ri fE d li f
awm hb l ; ? td ki f7i f ;u d k7e fy d k i fp d k ;zi faqm faewmud ky J r Se fom;ay:r Sm
_rif7w<f?
ol hab;em;r Smab;csi f ;<SO fv#ufuke f ; _y D ; zifvd k ;c HaewJ Htd ki f7i f ;
uawmh w[if;[if;wtif;tif;_zpfvd k h? zifxJud kvD;wefjuD;aqmif hoGif;
8 4
oHawGuvnf; wbGyfbGyfwAspfAspfe J h? td kav? _r<rif;vnf;rjumcif
'Dvd krs d K ; _zpfvm7awmhrSmyJ? odyfrjumygbl;?
armi farmi fu_r<rif ;7 J hzi faygufxJuvuf!S d K ;ud k qwfueJ
qG Jx kwfvd ku fw<f? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf Ø[i f h ×ue J _zp fo Gm ;w<f?
aemufawmh qDawGp d k@ $ Jatmi fokwfxm;_y D ; _zp fwJ hzi f0r Sm vD;acsmi f ;
xdyfzsm;vH k ;vH k ;juD;vmawhaxmufwmudk cHpm;od@S d7w<f?
zif0rSmqDawG@$ JaewJht_yif vD;rSmvnf;qDawGususeeokwfvdrf;
xm;wmqd kawmh txdtawGhuacsmueJacsmueJe J h tdtdaxG;axG;@ S dvS
w<fav?
vD ;awh _y D ;w<fqd k7i f z do Gi f ;awm hr Smud k _r<ri f ;o dwmayg h ?
zi fx Jud kv D ; ju D ;w d k ;0i fvmawm hr Smav? b<fvd kr sm ;aervJrodbl ; ?
emawmhemr SmtrSe fy J? b<f hE S<f apmufz kwfxJud koGi f ;wke f ;uawmif
emcJ hwm? apmufzkwfxufyd kusOf;wJ hzifaygufxJoGif;wm yd kqd k ;r Smayg h?
armifarmif[m t7rf;ud kz Dvifwufae_yD? awh_yD;w<fqd kwmeJ h
raeEd li fawmhbl;? _r<rif;7J hzifvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfawGu ukef;_yD;aumhay;
xm;wmajumif hwif;7if ;aewJ ht_yif zif0av;uvnf;p lwlwle J hc sp fp7m
85
av;r[kwfvm;? 'DawmhieJom;b<fapmif hE d li fawmhrSmvJ?
'gajumif hptd k0rSmvD;awh_yD;wmeJ h zdoGif;vd kufwm ØAspfAspfbkbk×
qd kwJ htoHav;eJ hawGtwlvD;'pf_y JvefjuD;[m usOf;juyfaewJ hzifacgi f;
aygufav;xJud k xd k;azguf_rKyf0ifoGm;ygawmhw<f?
Ø tm;yg;- -w<faumif;ygvm;? zifaygufuwif;_yD;juyfae
wmyJ ×
usOf;juyfpD;yd ki fwJ ht7omudk t_ynfht0cHpm;7wmrd k h armifarmif
uauseyftm;7pGma7@Gwfvd kufw<f?
armi farmi fZ dr fawG hoGm;oavmuf zi fvd k ;c Hvd kuf7wJ h _r<rif ;
c_rmrSmawmh roufomygbl;? vD;'pfjuD;xd k ;azguf0ifvmwJh'^fajumif h
ptd k0[musde f;pyfoGm;w<f? t7rf;ud kemwmyJ?
tvd kav;av;? juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;@ Si f ? zi f0r Smwpfqd k h _y D ;
us de f ;py faew<f? emvd ku fwmvnf;ra_ymyge J hawm h ? emvGe f ;v SwJ h
a0'emajumif h _r<rif;[m tdyf7mcif ;awGud kvufacsmi f ;e J husp fusp f
ygatmifqkyfvd kufrdw<f?
86
_ r<ri f ;[mtve f hw jum ; _ zp f _ y D ;twi f ; @ k e f ;x Gu f r dw< f ?
'gayr<fhb<fvGwfEd li fr SmvJ? armifarmifu 'grs d K ;ud kodae_yD;om;?
_r<ri f ;v d ktc kr Sp _y D ;zi fc Hz l ;w J h tys d K ay gu frav;ra _yme J h ?
zifvd k ;c Haeus0g7if htrs d K ;orD;juD;awGawmif zifaygufxJvD;pxd k;oGif;wJ h
tcs de fr Sm _idrfrcHEd li fjubl;? atmf[pfnnf;!lju7wmr[kwfvm;?
'DtxmudkodaewJharmifarmifu judKwif_yifqifrSK@S daew<fav?
'gajumif hvD;z doGi f;vd kufwmeJ h _r<rif;7J hcg;usifusifav;ud k ususee
@kef;rxGufEd li fatmif od ki f;zufcsKyfud ki fxm;vd kufw<f?
_r<rif;b<fvd k@ ke f;@ ke f; rvGwfEd li fawmhbl;? aumifrav;c_rm
@ke f;rxGufomwmajumif h nnf;!lawmif;yefae7@Smw<f?
Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -emvd kufwm- -emvd kufwm aoyg_yD
tar7J h aoyg_yD tm;tm; qufroGif;e J hawmhav- -tm; ß
_r<rif;atmfaeayr<fh armifarmifub<faevdrf hrvJ? vD;ud k
quf_y D ;z doGi f ;aew<f? zi faygufuody fjuyf _y D ; vD;uvnf;omre f
8 7
vD;awGxufESpfqavmufud kjuD;wJ hvDwkwfwkwfjuD;qd kawmh oGif;7wm
o dy fwm hrv G< fb l ; ? ' gayr<f hq Daw Gususeeo kw fv dr f ;xm ;wmr d k h
0i fawmh0ifygw<f?
wp fc su fz d c sv d ku fwme J h v D ;uwwp fwp fw d k ; _ y D ; 0i fw< f ?
_r<rif;tzd k hvnf; zifuG JxGufoGm;rvm;xif7avmufatmifud k a0'em
c Hpm;ae7@ Smw<f? td k zi facgi f ;aygufxJr Smqd k t_ynf htody fjuD ;?
tae7vnf;cufvdkufwm?
Þ tm;- -tm; ody femwmyJ- -OD ;armi f7<f? _ye fxkwf
ygawmh- -odyfemw<f- -qufroGif;yge J h tm; tm; ß
_ r<ri f ;[m a jumu fve f hw jum ; y J awmi f ; y e f r dw< f ?
ol hzi facgi f ;xJr SmvD;juD;u_ynf hody fae_y D ; qufoGi f ;7i fawmhzi fvnf;
pkwf_ywfxGufukefr SmyJvd k hvnf; awG;_yD;ajumufaerdw<f?
'gayr<fharmifarmifuawmh wpfcsuf7<farmvd kuf_yD; ol hvD;
juD;ud kqufzdoGi f ;aeav7J h? vD;uvnf;' Dtwd ki f ;wpfwpf_y D ;0ifvmwm
ygy J?
88
Þ orD ;awmi f ;ye fy gw<fO D ;armi f7<f- -emvGe f ;vd k hy g- -
_ye fxkwfygawmh OD ;armi f7 J hvD ;juD;ud kzi fxJuae_ye fxkwfvd kufygawmh
tm;uÈwfuÈwf ß
Þ wdwfwdwfaepr f ;aumi frav;? ei fuzi fc Hc si fw<fqd kv d k h
tckigzifvd k ;ay;aewm? 'DawmhbmrSpum;@SnfraeeJ h? igzifvd k ;wmudkom
quf_yD;cH ß
armi farmi fuawmh wu<f hud k jurf ;onf? enf;enf ;av;r S
r!Sm? vD;ud ky d kvd k hawmif tm;pd kufIzdoGif;onf? vD;uzifxJyd k0ifonf?
_r<rif;r SmemvGe f ;vSaomajumif h zifaygufxJr SvD;wefjuD;uÈwfxGuf
oGm;vd k _im; wifyg;juD;ud k<rf;cgaumhxd k ;junf honf? onfvk dzi fud k
<rf ;cgaumhxd k ;r S Konf vD;ud kuÈwfroGm;aponf ht_yi f zifaygufxJ
vD;y d k0i fvmEd li fatmifaxmuful_yKay;ovd kr s d K ; _zp foGm;7m armifarmi f
uvnf ;tc Gi f h aumi f ;u d ktoH k ;c sv#uf c g ;tm;a7may gi ftm;y go H k ; _y D ;
vD;acsmif;juD;ud kzifaygufav;xJod k h wtm;zdoGif;vd kufavawmhonf?
Þ Aspf- -bk AspfAspf ß
Þ trav; aoyg_yD- -_yJukefyg_yD tm; tm; ß
8 9
Þ i g hv D ; ei f h zi f ay gu fx Jtq H k ; 0i fo G m ; _ y D aumi f rav;7 J h ?
eifod7J hvm; ß
armifarmif7J hauseyftm;7pGma_ymvd kufoHay:vmw<f? [kwfyg
w<f? ol h7 J hq<fvufrausm fausm f@ Sn f _y D ; wpfvufrc G Javmufud k
tvH k;wkwfwJ hvD;wef@Snf@SnfxGm;xGm;juD;[m csmwdwfrav;7J hzifacgif;
usOf;usOf;av;xJtqHk;0ifoGm;yg_y D?
Þ awmuf- -ig hvD ; ei f hzi fxJtuke f0i foGm; _y Dc smwd dwfr7?
w<faumif;uGm? eif hzifxJrSm juyfodyfraebl;vm; ß
armifarmif7J hauseyftm;7pGma_ymvdkufoHudk _r<rif;jum;7w<f?
_y D ;awm hzi fom;tv<fy d ki f ;avmufud k armi farmi f7 J hq D ;py fuvD;ar $ ;
vdrfaumufaumufawGxdrdaewmudkvnf; _r<rif;cHpm;od@S d7_yefw<f?
'gwifb<f[kwfrSmvJ? <k<karmf7J h^Sm0uxGufvmwJhxGufouf
avaEG;aEG;awGuvnf; _r<rif;7J hwifyg;e J haygif_c Hud kxdawG hr daejuw<f?
<k<karm fwpfa<mufvnf; armifarmif7 J hptd kud k7ufay;vd kuf | a~G ;O
wG JvJawGud kukef;p kyfay;vd kufeJ h t7rf;ud ka[mhaeygw<f?
9 0
Þ zifqH kjuD;ud kvSKyfay;prf; csmwdwfr ß
armi farmi f7 J h avoHurmajum_y D ; y d k i fp d k ;y d k i f ei f ;@ S dv Sw<f?
_r<rif;c_rmrSmawmh usOf;juyfvSwJ hzifacgif;aygufav;xJud k vD;wef
wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Hxm;7wJ h
t_yif ememjuifjuifjuD;cHpm;ae7wmqdkawmh zifud kb<fvSKyf7Jr SmvJ?
zifvSKyfr d7ifyd kemoGm;rSmud k ajumufaewmayg h?
' g ayr< f h armi f armi fuawm h v H k ; 0u d k c s r f ;omray ;y gb l ; ?
!Smvnf;r!Smygbl;? olvd kcsifwmudk7atmifquf_yD;apcd ki f ;_yefygw<f?
armifarmifu_r<rif;7 J hvH k ;vH k ;usp fusp fzi fom;av;wpfbufud k
vuf0g;juD;eJ hcyfjurf;jurf;wpfcsuf zsef;ueJ_rnfatmifwtm;@k dufvd kuf
_yD;- - -?
Þ ei h fzi f juD ;ud kv S Ky fay;pr f ;v d k h a _ymaewm rjum;bl ;vm;?
ei fzi fc swmud kp G Jo Gm ;atmi f igvky f _yr<f? rjumci fei f[m ig hu d k
zi fv d k ;y g ? zi faqm fy gq d k _y D ; y g ;py fuud kx kw fa _ym _yvmap7r<f ?
eif hvd k^SmjuD;wJhaumifrav;i<fi<fav;awG7J htxmudk igaumif;aumif;
9 1
uÈr f ;y gw<fuGm? uJ zi fu d komtvd ku foi f hv S Ky fay ; ? ei f h zi fu d k
igaqmif hvd k ;awmhr<f ß
a_yma_ymqd kqd ky Jarmi farmi fu ol hvD;ud kzi faygufxJuw0uf
ausmfausmfavmuf_yefqG Jxkwfvd kufw<f?
Þ OD;armif7<f t7rf;rvkyfyge J h- -bGyf- -tm;uÈwfuÈwf
bGyf- -aoyg_yD tm; ß
_r<rif ;u uref ;uwef ;awmif ;ye fpum;ud ka _ymaewke f ;r Smy J
armi farmi fuvD;ud kzi fac gi f ;ay gufxJ _ye faqmi f ho Gi f ;v d ku fwmajumi f h
_r<rif;c_rmxGef hxGe f hvl;oGm;7_yD; pum;ud kqH k ;atmifawmifra_ymEd li fy J
atmf[pfnnf;!lvd kufrdygw<f?
onfaemufawmharmi farmi f[m _r<rif ;ud kvH k ;0!Smwm_ci f ;
r@ S d awm hy J 7uf7ufpufpufjuD ;u d kquf _y D ;aqmi f hv d k ;y gawm hw<f?
ol hvD ;acsmi f ;wkwfwkwfjuD ;uawmh _r<rif ;7 J hzi facgi f ;aygufav;xJ
t@S de f _yif;_yif; wd k;0if_yefxGuf_yD; t_ywfud kvSKyf@ Sm;aeygawmhw<f?
Þ bGyf- -Aspf- -bGyf- - ß
9 2
Þ trav;av;- -emvScsnf7J h ß
Þ bGyfbGyf- -tm; aoyg_yDO D;armif7<f- -tm; ß
Þ bGyf- -zkwfbGyf- - ß
Þ orD;ud kroem;awmhbl;vm;ODarmif7J h ß
Þ bGyf- -yvGyf- -AspfAspf- -bGyf ß
Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf emw<f emw<f ß
armi farmi fuwpfc sufaqmi f hvd k ;vd ku favwd ki f ; _r<rif ;[m
xGe f hxGe f hvl ; _y D ; yg ;py fuvnf;atmif[pfnnf;wGm;oHawGay:xGufae
ygw<f?
armi farmi fuawmh ol7 Jp D ;aeovd kw7jurf ;y Jaqmif hvd k ;aeyg
w<f? _r<ri f ;7 J hzi fay gufuav;u usO f ; juy fvd k h aqmi f hv d k ;7wm
p D ;p D ;y d k i fy d k i f e J ho dy faumi f ;w J ht_yi f _r<ri f ;wp fa<mufrc s drqe f h e J h
atmf[pfnnf;!l_yD; qwfqwfwkefatmif_zpfoGm;7rSKuvnf; armifarmif
9 3
7J h7rufrD;yd kawmufavmifvmatmif wd k;Õrif hay;wJ havmifpmawGygyJ?
_r<rif ;c_rmr Smawmh wpfc gr Src Hpm;z l ;ao;wJ htawG htm@ k Hud k
vufawG hc Hpm ;ae7y g _y D ? emvd ku fwmuvnf ;t7r f ;y gy J ? _y D ;awm h
t7om@S dvd kufwmuvnf; ra_ymyge J hawmh? rjumygbl;? emwmeJ h
t7oma7m_y Gr f ;oGm;ygawmhw<f? emjuifwmud ky Jt7omvd k h p G Jruf
c Hpm;wwfyg_y D?
armi farmi fuawmh t@S de fr_ywfwtm;aqmif hvd k ;aewke f ;y gy J ?
tc kq d k7i f _r<ri f ;7 J h zi fac gi f ;[mvnf ; vD ;e J h<O fy g ;v d k ;vmy g _y D ?
ptd k0av;uvnf; tvdkufoif hy Gi f humay;wwfae_yDav? zifjuD;ud kawmh
aumhaxmifay;xm;vk dufwmuvnf; a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?
armi farmi fuaxGaxGxl ;x l ;a _ymqd kapc d ki f ;aep7mawmi frvd k
awmhygbl;? zifqH kjuD;ud kb<fnma0h<rf;vSKyf@Sm;ay;ygw<f? cg;ud kaumh
acgif;ud karmh_yD; ususeezifvd k ;c Haew<f?
'gw<fb<f[kwfrSmvJ? yg;pyfuawmiftomirf;irf;e J hxkwfaz:
a_ymqd kvmygavawmhw<f?
9 4
Þ bGyf- -bGyf- -bGyf ß
Þ tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm- -[if h ß
Þ bGyf- -AspfAspf- -bGyf ß
Þ aqmi f h y g O D ; a r m i f 7 J h - -or D ; z i fu d kwtm ; aqmi f h _ y D ;
vd k ;ay;vd kufprf;yg- - ß
Þ bGyf- -tif h- -bGyf- -tm;yg;yg;@S D ; ß
Þ aqmif h aqmif h- -wtm;aqmif h trav; av; ß
armi farmi fuvnf ;b<faer S mv J ? E d k h E S p fv H k ;u d ku ke f ;q G J _y D ;
w7jurf;ud kzifvd k ;ypfvd kufygawmhw<f?
9 5
tcef;(2)
a<mufsm;ESp fa<muf>wD;wd k ;pum;a_ymoHrsm;u 7Da0@SKy faxG;
aeaom_r<rif;>OD;aESmufud k Ed k ;jum;vmaponf?
_r<ri f ;r S m c Hwi fxufw Gi f ar S mu f7u f ju D ;t dy fIaeonf ?
wkwfwkwfav;rSyifrvSKyf0H hao;? 7uf7ufpufpufjuD;tvdk;cHxm;7av
aomzifaygufav;rSm usde f;pyfum_yif;_ypGmemjuifIaeonf? 'gajumif h
_r<rif;arSmuf7ufuav;_idrfIaerd_cif;_zpfonf?
olr>zifacgif;xJwGifawmh armifarmifv$wfxkwfay;xm;cJ honfh
okwf7nfrsm; _ynf hv# Haeonf? okwf7nftcs d K hzi f0r Syi f<d kp dr f hxGufus
aeonf?
zi faygufuomus de f ;py femjuifaeonfr[kwf? r!SmrwmqG J
tudki fc Hxm;7onfhEd k htH krsm;uvnf; usde f;aeonf? wtm;zspf!Spf_cif;
c Hxm;7onfhEd k hoD;av;rsm;emaeonf? vuf0g;juD;_zif hwzsef;zse f;t@k dufcH
c J h7onfh wifyg;om;rsm;vnf; t7rf;ud kemaeonf?
9 6
'l ;axmufumuke f ;Izifvd k ;c Hc J h7pOfu aygi fwefrsm;anmif;um
'l;acgi f;awGaysm hacGaeonf?
onfvd kwp fuk d<fvH k ;E H k ;c s demjuifaer S Kxuf y d kIqd k ;@ Gm ;onf h
tcsufrSm armifarmifzifvd k ;wmcH7wkef;u t@Sufuif;rJ hp Gmtomirf;irf;
_zpfcJ hy H krsm;ud k _yefa_ymif;owd7aerd_cif;yif?
tJ' Dt_zp fawGud k _r<rif ;vH k ;vH k ; juD ;ar hyp fvd kufc si fy gonf?
enf;enf;av;r#yif_yefrpOf;pm;vd kyg?
'gayr<fhb<fvdkr#arhaysmufxm;vd k hr7?
olrud k<fwd ki f tirf;r7_zpfum| rdr d>zifud kwtm;aqmif hvd k ;
ay;yg7ef armifarmifud kwd kufwGef;a_ymjum;cJ hy H krsm;| armifarmif>7uf
pufp Gmzi fv d k ;aer S Ku d k oabmusE Sp f _c d Ku fp G m zi f ju D ;w<rf ;<r f ; |
acgi f ;av;warm harm h _zi f hc Hc J h7y H kr sm ;ud k olr>rsufp dxJ _ye f _ri fa<mi f
vmonf? a_ymqd kc J honf hnp fnr f ;yufpufonf h pum;ta_ymtqd k
rsm;ud k _yefjum;a<mifvmonf?
9 7
armifarmifut!Smtwmuif;pGmzifvd k;rS Kud k t@Sufuif;rJ hp Gm
cH<lae7if;rS olronf wpfcs D _y D;wpfcs Dqufwd kufqd kovdkyif tjudrf
aygif;ra7rwGufEd li fatmif umrtxGwftxdyfod k h wpfjudrf_yD;wpfjudrf
a7muf@S dc J hy H krsm;| apmufzkwfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfawG wawmufawmuf
<k dusatmifaumif;cJ hy H krsm;ud k _r<rif;b<fvd kr SarhaysmufIr7Ed li fygacs?
rdrdbmajumif honfvd k _zpf7wmvJ? bmajumif hrsm;armifarmifu
rdrdud kyd ki fpd k ;yd ki feif; t@SufuG Jatmifemjuifatmif_yKrl_yD; 7uf7ufpufpuf
zifvd k ;c J honfud k rdrduoabmusumom<mI umrt7omcHpm;cJ h7
ygavoenf;?
_r<rif;rawG;wwfawmh?
armifarmifokwfv$wfay;_yD;I zifxJrSvD;qG Jxkwfvd kufcs de fwGi f
_r<ri f ;r S mowdvp fovd k _zp fum ar Smuf7ufom;vJusoGm ;c J honf?
<cktdyfaysmfae7mrSEd k ;vmovdkvd k _zpfum em;xJwGifa<mufsm;ESpfa<muf
>pum;tcs Dtcsa_ymqd kaejutoHrsm;ud k jum;ae7_cif;_zpfonf?
_r<rif ;onfp dwfud kwif ;um acgi f ;axmifxonf? acgi f ;ud k
vnf;tom<rf;cgonf? onfawmhrSacgif;xJujunfvifvmum
9 8
armifarmif>pum;a_ymoHud k txift@Sm;jum;7avawmhonf?
Þ rif;uvnf; 'gavmufawmifrS@k d ;om;raeprf;ygeJ h7efyd ki fp d k ;7m
igwd k htck aumif;aumif;juD;yGaygufjuHKaewmuG ß
7efyd ki fp d k ;>pum;oHqufjum;7onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onftoHcyftkyf
t ky f _zi f ha _ymonf htwGuf oJoJuG JuG Jawmhrjum;7? armi farmi f hud k
uef huGufonfhoabm@S donfvd k hawmhxif7onf?
armifarmif>cyfus<fus<fa_ymvd kufoHxyfay:vmonf?
Þ rif;bmrSajumufaep7mrvd kygbl;uGm? 'DrSm iga_ymwmudk
aoaoc smc s mem ;axmi fpr f ; y g ? ' D c s mw dw fraw G' D a7mu faewmu d k
b<fo lr Sro dy gb l ; ? i gw d k hvufx Jr S maumi frav;i<fi<fac smac sm
av;a<mufawmif7xm;w<fqd kwJ howif;om _zef hay;vd kuf? vmvdkuf
jur<f hie Jom;awG @ k du fowfvd k hawmi fruke fbl ; ? a[m wpfc s Du d k
wpf7m hig ;q<favmufe J hy Jv$wfay;vd kuf | igwd k ht_ywfaxmajumyJuG?
olwd k hu 'Dr÷av;rSm aemufwpf7ufavmufxyfae7tH k ;r Sm? a[m
olwd k h _ye fr<f h7ufa7mufawmh vyfuD;a[mfw<fa@ S h _ye fy d k hv d kuf@ k Hayg h
tm;vH k; aZyJ ß
9 9
armi farmi f><kwfrmyufpufvSaomtjuHtpnfud k jum;7av
aomtcg _r<rif;rSmxdwfvef hwkefvSKyfoGm;onf? tu<fIarmifarmif
tjuHay;onfud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvufcHvd kufygu rdrdwd k hr Smaju;pm;Zdrfr<f
awGb0 a7muf7awmhrSmygvm;? armifarmif htjuHuawmh wu<fud k
yd ki fonf? rdrdwd k hr Smolwd k hapcd ki f ;v#if _iif;y<fEd li fonfhtaetxm;ta_c
taevHk;0r@S dyg?
armifarmifupum;qufa_ymae7m _r<rif;onfp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;
ae7rSKrsm;ud ktomcsKyfwnf;um qufvufIem;axmifaeonf?
Þ 'Dcsmwdwfrav;av;a<mufvH k ; ^SmxefwJ h[mrav;awG
c sn f ;y gy Ju Gm? ri f ;e J h i gawmi f E d l i fatmi frxde f ;E d l i fb l ;r[kw fvm;?
o lw d k huv D ;q d k ir f ; ir f ;wuf _zp f ae juwm? vD ;p k y fq d k p k y fwmy J ?
a~G ;7ufqd k7ufwmyJ? zifuke f ;qd kvnf; uke f ;wmyJ? 'Dvd ktuke ftpH k
r_ii f ;wrf;vky fay;wJ h[mrs d K ;qd k aju;aumif;aumif;7Ed li fwmrif ;vnf;
tod? uJyguGm ig habmf'gawGqDud k tckyJtajumif;jum;vd kufjupd k h
rif;vnf;tvum;ae7if; rESa_rmaeygeJ h? rif;vnf;tm;7atmif 0ifvd k ;
Ed li fwmyJOpPm ß
100
xd kaemufav#mufvSr f ;xGufoGm;aoma_coHrsm;ud k jum;7onf?
_r<rif ;onfa_coHrsm;a0;umaysmufoGm;onftxdtom_i dr fumapmi f h
aeonf? xdkaemuftomxum teD;0ef;usifud ktuJcwfjunfhonf?
c Hwifay:wGi f<k<karm fE Si f ht d ki f7i f ;wd k hr Smvnf;0p fvpfpvpf _zi f h
E Sp f _c d KufpGmtdyfarmusaecJ honf? <k<karmfud karmifarmifESi f h7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h
E Sp fa<muf0d ki f ;!Sy fIzifE Si f hapmufz kwfud k _y d Ki fwlvd k ;c J h juyH kud k _ye fpO f ;pm;
rdawmh _r<rif;onf<k<karmfud koem;ovdkvd k _zpfonf?
tdyfarmusaeonfud kE S d K ;z d k hawmifr_yKvd k? od k haomfarmifarmif>
peuf_zif hw_cm;a<mufsm;awGwavSjuD;Ttdrfod k ha7mufrvmrD rdr dwd k h
t_refqH k ;xGufoGm;rS_zpfrnfud kpOf;pm;rdaomtcgwGifawmh _r<rif;onf
b<fvd kr SwH k haES;raeawmhyJ <k<karmfESi f htd ki f7if;wd k hud ktwif;0ifES d K ;vd kuf
avawmhonf?
aumi frav;E Sp fa<mufr S m 7uf7ufa7ma7mtvd k ;c Hc J h 7 _y D ;
arm[d kufpGmtdyfaysm faejuonf_zpf7m tawmfud kE S d K ;<l7onf?
aumifrav;ESpfa<mufEd k ;vmjuaomtcg _r<rif;urdrdjum;od
cJ h7onfrsm;ud ktusOf;@k H ;uma_ym_yonf?
101
tdyfcsi fr l ;wl;_zpfaeao;aom<k<karmfr Sm _r<rif;a_ym_yonf
rsm;ud koabmaygufy H kr7? woef;oef;wa0a0ESi f h _ye ftdy fz d k hompdwful;
aeonf? tdkif7if;uom_r<rif;a_ym_yonfrsm;udkem;vnfum a'goa7mif
_zif hrsufvH k ;awGawmufyvmonf?
Þ uJ- -eifurmvmwifud koGm;@ Sm? wd k ht0wftpm;awGud k
r mvmwi fy J 0 Su fxm ;wm? t J' gt0w ftpm ;aw Gu d k y gt7< lvmc J h ?
i g<k<karm fud kaumi f ;aumi f ;E d k ;vmatmi fvky fxm;E Si f hr<f? awmuf
<kwfrmvd ku fw J howW0 gawG? i g _zi f h 'i f ;w d k hu d kE kw fE kw fawmi fpi f ;yp f
csifw<f? ß
td ki f7if;ua'grmeft_ynf h _zif ha_ymonf?
_r<rif;tzd k hrmvmwifud k@Sm7wmodyfrcufyg? odk haomfrmvmwif
u d kt dy fay sm fae7mr SE S d K ; _y D ; Zmwf7nfvnfatmi f@ Si f ; _y7wmuawm h
yd kyifyef;onf?
tmaygufvkrwwf@Si f ; _yawmhr Srmvmwifem;vnfoabmayguf
um odrf;xm;aomt0wftpm;rsm;ud krmvmwifu_yefxkwfay;onf?
102
olwd k hav;a<mufonf t0wftpm;rsm;ud kv#i f _re fp Gm0wfum
tdrfxJrSxGufvmjuonf? wu<fawmholwd k honftawmfud kp Ge f hpm;um
xGufa _y;c J h7onf[kqd k7rnf? olwd k h a7mufaeonf hae7m0e f ;usi f>
vr f ;ye f ;ta _ctaeud k _ r<ri f ;w d k h ro d ju? _y D ; awm htc s d e fuvnf ;
eHeufrd k ;vif;ump?
o d k h aom f _ r<ri f ;>r dbr s m ; r÷av;Zmw d _ zp fon f htw Gu f
u Haumi f ;onf[ kq d k7ayrn f ? _r<ri f ;onfr dbr sm ;a _ympum;u d k
jum;7Ir÷av;ø>teD;0ef;usiftaetxm;rsm;ud k tenf;i<fwD;acguf
rdxm;onf?
xd ko d k hwwfodxm;or#E Si f hyi fp Ge f hpm ;um oGm ;7ayawm hrnf?
ta7;juD ;qH k ;uawmh ai Gaju;yi f ? olwd k hx HwGi fai G<lIbmr#ry g ?
av;a<mufvH k;p kvd kufrS oH k;q<fcef hom7onf?
TtcuftcJud krmvmwifua_z@Si f ;ay;onf? rmvmwifonf
b<ftcs de fwH k ;u b<fvd kjunf hxm;onfrod? 7efy d ki fp d k ;ai Gxm;onf h
ae7mud kodum aiGpuULwpfxkyfoGm;<lvmcJ honf? pkpkaygif;wpfaxmif
ausmfausmfawmh@S donf?
103
vufxJwGifaiG7_yD;aemuf _r<rif;wD;acgufod@S dxm;rS K | td ki f7if;
>_zwfvwfum yg ;7nfenf7nf@ S dr S Kw d k hu d kay gi f ;py fum olwd k honf
ee f ;a@ S ho d k hti Sm ;um;i Sm ;p D ;um a7mufvmE d li f juonf? ee f ;a@ S hw Gi f
r ke f hwD| umzD| vufbuf7nf| yJyvmwmponfwd k hE Si f haumif;aumif;
juD;0r f ; _znf hjuonf? xk daemufum;i Sm;p D ;um vyfuD;a[mfw<fod k h
pwd ki fususyif_yefvmcJ hjuonf?
vyfuD;a[mfw<fa@S hwGif wuUpDay:rSqif;_yD;aemuf _r<rif;u
pdwful;wpfck7vmonf?
Þ igwd k hr÷av;ud koma7mufjuw<f? b<fud kr Sawmifrvnf
ju7bl;? 'Dae h _ye fju7awmhr<f? 'Dawmh' Dvd kvky f? rmvmuaiG<l
oGm; _y D ; trSwfw7yp Pnf ;awGbmawGp H katmi fav#muf0<f? 7e fuke f
_ye fa7muf7i f tJ' DvufaqmifawGay;_y D ; r÷av;r Smigwd k hae7mtES H h
a7mufc J h juw<fqd kwmud k a_ymvd k h7r<f? 'gr Si gwd k hwawG_zp fc si f7m
awG _zp fc J h juwmud k v# d K h0 Su fxm;E d l i fr<f? tc k c kE Sp fem7 Dx d k ; _y D ?
7xm;u q<fem7DxGufr Sm? tcs de fody fr7awmhbl;? _ref _re foGm;_y D ;
_re f _re f _ye fvm? igwd k hu'Dr Sm ypPnf;awGodr f ; _y D ;toif hvky fxm;vd kuf
r<f ß
104
rmvmwifxGufoGm;onf?
_r<rif;| <k<karmfE Si f h td ki f7if;wd k hoH k ;a<mufolwd k htcef;rsm;
@ S d7mod k h wufvmcJ h juonf? q7mra':xm;7if>tcef;a@ S hod k ha7muf
aomtcg oHk;a<mufom;wd ki fyifxm;juovdkyif _yd Ki fwla_cvSrf;wH k h7yf
oGm;juonf?
e Heufapmao;aomajumi f hvm;rod? pjuFe fvr f ;w Gi fv l@ Si f ;
aeonf?
t d k i f7i f ;u a':xm;7i f>tce f ;w Hc g ;em ;o d k h em ;@ Gu fuy fum
em;axmifjunfhvd kuf_yD;- - -
Þ tcef;xJrSmwdwfvd k h? bmoHrSrjum;7bl;? wDcsmuigwd k hud k
vd kuf@Smzd k ht_yifxGufoGm;_yDvm;rodbl; ß
Þ oGm;pr f ;y gt d ki f7i f ;7m? [d kv l juD ;ud katmi fxl ;u ol hu d k
aumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;ud ki faewJ hOp Pm? olb<fenf ;e J hr St_yi fud kx Gufr Sm
r[kwfbl;? tckvnf; tem;<laejuvdk h toHrjum;7wm_zpfr<f ß
105
_r<rif;u olr>xif_rifcsufud ka_ym_yonf?
Þ 'gqd k td ki f7if;wd k hbmvkyfju7ifaumif;rvJ ß
Þ td ki f7i f ;e J h< k<kwd k hE Sp fa<muf yp Pnf ;awGomoGm;odr f ;y g ?
ypPnf;tm;vH k ;ud k{nf hcef;xJcsxm;_yD; tJ'DuyJapmif haejuyg? wDcsm hud k
uÈefrtom0ifES d K ; _y D; ac:vmyg hr<f ß
Þ at;at;- -tJ'gaumif;w<f? vm<k<k ß
td ki f7i f ;u<k<karm fud kac:um cyfoGufoGufxGufoGm;onf?
_r<rif;onf olrud k<folrtawmfav;tH hjoaerdonf? olr>pdwfae
p dwfxm;utp| tppt7m7mxl; _cm;p Gma_ymi f ;vJaeygvm;? _y\em
wpfckud kacgif;aqmifa_z@Sif;ay;Ed li fonfhta_ctaers d K ;od k ha7mufaeonfrSm
tH hjop7myifr[kwfygvm;?
Todk h _zpf7rSKonf 7efyd ki fpd k ; | armifarmifwd k hE Si f h 7uf7ufa7ma7m
umrpy f<Sufc J h7r S Kajumi f h r dr d>aoG ;om;r sm ;E d k ; jum;a_ymi f ;v Jum
i<f@G<fajumufvef haeonfhr de f ;uav;rs d K ;t_zpfrS t7m7mud k7ifqd ki f0 H h
aomr de f ;rom;t_zp fod k ha _ymi f ;vJvm_ci f ; _zp favrnfvm;[k _r<rif ;
106
pOf;pm;rdonf?
tcef ;wHcg ;uaomhcwfum ydwfaeonf? od k haomf' g _r<rif ;
twGufrcufyg? a[mfw<fwm0efcHxHoGm;um tcef;aomhwlwpfckud k
vSnf hywfa_ymqd kum 7<lcJ honf?
_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>tcef;wHcg;ud k tomav;toHrjum;
7avatmif cyf_znf;_znf;zGi f hI tcef;xJod k ha_cazg heif;um0ifvmcJ honf?
td ki f7if;a_ymouJhod k hyif tcef;onf_idr foufwdwfqdwfaeonf?
t_yifbufwGif rd k ;vif;ae_yD _zpfaomfvnf; tcef;pnf;rsm;csxm;aom
ajumif h tcef;xJwGi farSmi fr d kufv#uf@S daeonf? _r<rif;>rsufpdrsm;
onf arSmi fxJwGi fusi f hom;r7ao;aomajumih f bmud kr #oJoJuG JuG J
r_rifEd li f?
bmyJ _zp f _zp f q7mra':xm;7ifwpfa<muf Ttcef;xJwGi f
@ S d aeao;onfqd k _ci f ;u d k awm h _r<ri f ;aocsmay gu fyi fo daeonf?
_r<ri f ;>obm0todr sm ;u xd ktwd ki f ;a _ymaejuonf? xk d h _yi f
rnfod k haomtm@k Hrsm;u aphaqmfvmonfrod? _r<rif;>aoG;om;qEN
r sm ;E d k ; jum;p _y Kvmonf? rjumr Dx l ; _cm ;aomumrt7omwp fc kc k
107
cHpm;7awmhrnfud k odovdkvd k _zpfaeonf?
_r<rif;onfa@Shodk hqufroGm;ao;yJ tarSmifxJwGifrsufpdusif hom;
7onftxd tomyif7yfaeonf? tcef;xJwGif bmoHr#rjum;7ao;?
od k haomfumr7rufuGefcsmjuD;wpfcku wpfcef;vH k ;ud k<Sufod ki f ;v$rf; _c H K
xm;onfud kawmh _r<rif;cHpm;od@S dae7onf? rdrdud k<frdr d 7rufEG Htd ki f
xJwd k ;0ifaeonf[kvnf; xifrdonf?
arSmi fxJwGi frsufp dusi f hom;7vmaomtcg tdyfce f ;E Si f hwG Jv#uf
@S donf ha7cs d K ;cef;wHcg;jum;rS tvif;a7mifwef;ao;ao;r#i fr#i fav;wck
wd k ;xGufaeonfud k _r<rif;awG h7onf?
_r<rif ;onf toma@S hod k hav#mufvSr f ;vmc J honf? TwGi f
a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr S ud katmifxl;>oDcsi f ;nD;aeoHtoHcyfwd k ;wd k ;ud k jum;7
onf? ieJom;juD;a7cs d K ;aewmudk;[k _r<rif;pdwfxJwGifawG;rdonf?
_r<rif ;onf cHwif@ S d7mod k htomcsO f ;uyfvmcJ honf? cHwif
@ S d7mae7onf tdy fce f ;>twGi f ;bufar Smi f7 dy fxJwGi f@ S donf? cHwif
ay:ud kawmh oJuG Jp Gmr_rif7? _r<rif;onf a_caxmufESi f hc Hwifp Ge f ;
xdrdonfhtcg toma_cvSrf;ud k7yfonf? _yD;awmhvufud kqef hxkwf_yD;
108
prf;junfhvd kuf7m El;nH htdpufonfhtom;qd ki fud k ud ki fr donf? xd k h _yif
touf_yif;_yif;@ SLoHjum;7_yD;aemuf cHwifay:wGifvJavsmif;v#ufom;
@S daeyH k7aom a':xm;7ifxxkdi fvd kufonfhtoHud kjum;7_yefonf?
Þ b<folvJ[if ß
a':xm;7ifu cyfwd k ;wd k ;ar;onf? a':xm;7iftae_zif h cHwif
em;wGif wpH kwa<mufa7muf@S daeonfud kawmhodygonf? rnfolrnf0g
7<fvd k homroJuG J?
_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>yg;pyfay:vufuav;tomtkyfvd kuf
_yD; a':xm;7ifab;em;wGif tom0ifxd ki fvd kufonf?
Þ uÈe fr _r<ri f ;y gwDc sm? uÈe frwd k htc k7e fuke fu d k _ye f juz d k h
tcs de fawmifeD;ae_yD? wDcsmhud kuÈefrbmulvkyfay;7rvJ ß
onfar;cGe f ;ud komar;vd kuf7onf? a':xm;7ifxHrSta_z7vdrf h
r<fvdk hrar#mfvif hcJ hyg?
acwWr#wdwfqdwfae_y D ;aemuf a':xm;7i fonfouf_yi f ;wpf
109
csufcsvd kuf_yD; _r<rif;ud ktomayG hzufvd kufonf?
Þ td k- -<rif;7<f- -wDcsmawmh- -odyfud k@ SufwmyJuG<f
wDcsmb<fvd k _zpfcJ h7w<fqd kwm rif;av;rodbl;aemf- - ß
a':xm;7ifu a7@Gwfa_ymqd konf?
xd kwp fc^Yyi f a':xm;7i fr Smbmt0wftpm;r S0wfrxm;y J
yvmusif;v#uf@S dajumif; _r<rif;owd_yKrdvd kufonf? arSmifaeonfh
twGuf rsufpdESi f h _rif7onfawmhr[kwf? txdtawGhrsm;t7 odae_cif;
_zpfonf?
od ki f ;tzufcH7rS Kajumif h _r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>7ifcGi fxJ
od k ha7mufoGm;onf? a':xm;7if>t0wfuif;rJ honfh 7ifom;qd ki ftdtd
xGm;xGm;rsm;ud k rsufESmtyfrdonf?
_r<rif;>Ed k ;jum;p_yKaeaom7rufpdwfawG [kef;ueJjuGwuf
vmonf? aoG;awGqlvmonf? pmwwfae_y D _zp faom_r<rif ;onf
wH k hqd ki f;rae? ajumufvef hrae?
rsufESmud ktomvSnf hum a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;wpfc kud kyg;pyf_zif h
110
_y Gw fue Jp ky fer f ;v d ku fonf? a':xm;7i fwp fa<mufqwfue Jwke f7i f
oGm;onfud k _r<rif;odvd kufonf? xd k ht_yif Ø[if h × ueJtouf@SL
rSm;oGm;oHud kvnf; jum;7onf?
Þ uÈefrwd k htm;vH k ;odjuygw<fwDcsm7<f? 'gayr<fhp dwfcsyg?
uÈefrwd k hb<fol hud kr S ra_ym_yygbl;? aoaocsmcsmv#d K h0 Sufxm;yg hr<f ß
_r<rif;uxdkod k ha_ym7if; a':xm;7if>Ed k htH kjuD;wpfckud k tom
vuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum yGyfoyfe<fay;vd kufonf?
Þ td k- -<rif;- -'g- -'g- -bmvkyfwmvJ? td k[if h- -
'grs d K ;rvky f7bl;<rif;7 J h- -cufawmhwmygy J? 'Daumifrav; bmrS
em;rvnf@Smygvm; ß
a':xm;7i f>toHu rlrr Se fawmh? p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeajumi f ;
odomay:vGifonf? yg;pyfuom onfvd ka_ym7onf? a':xm;7if>
vufawGuawmh _r<rif;ud kwif;juyfpGmod ki f ;zufvmonf?
Þ wu<f hud kroif hawmfwJ hudp PawGygy Juav;7m? wDcsm_zi f h
ri f ;ud kb<fvd kvky f _y D ;a_ym7r<frSe f ;awmifrodawmhygbl;? wDcsm hud k<f
wDcsmawmif bmawG_zp fuke fw<fvd k hrodbl;uG<f- -td k- -wDcsm
111
ra_ymcsifbl;? ra_ymcsifbl; ß
_r<rif ;ua':xm;7i fud k tm;ay;E Sp fodr f hovd k tom_ye f _y D ;
zufvdkufonf?
Þ uÈefrwd k hud k bmrSa_ymaep7mrvd kygbl;wDcsm7<f? uÈefrwd k h
[d kzufcef;uae_yD; acsmif;junfhaecJ hjuwmyg? [dkbufcef;e J h' Dbufcef;
_cm;xm;wJ he H7 HwHcg;r Sm tufajumif;@ S daew<fav? tJ' Dtufajumif;
jum;uae acsmif;junfhaecJ hjuwmayg h ß
Tpum;ajumif h a':xm;7iftjuD;tus<f@Suf@G H hoGm;cJ havonf?
Þ tvdkav;- -orD;wd k h[d kbufcef;uae acsmif;junfhaeju
w<f[kwfvm;- -'kuQygyJ tusdK;awmhenf;yg_yD ß
a':xm;7i fu @Suf@ G H hp Gma7@ Gwfonf? r dr dud kud katmi fxl ;u
<kwfrmnpfnrf;pGm pyf<Suf_yKrlc J honfht_zpfrsm;ud k wynfhrav;rsm;
acsmif;junfhawG h _rifoGm;cJ honfht_zpfu q7mra':xm;7iftzd k h wu<f
ud krsufESmrxm;wwfatmif @Sufp7mt_zpfjuD;r[kwfygvm;?
112
_r<rif;onf a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD ;wpfc kud k uke f ;Ipd k hay;vd kuf
_yefonf? a':xm;7if>Ed k hoD;rSmrmajumum axmifxvmae_yD_zpfajumif;
awG h7onf? pd k h7wmyd kaumif;onf? xd k h _yifTodk hE d k hp d k hay;7if; _r<rif;>
7rufpdwfuvnf; xefonfxufxefvm7onf? olr>tzkwftwGif;
bufwGi f apmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d kp Gwfp_yKvmonfud kvnf; _r<rif ;
cHpm;od@S d7_yefonf?
a':xm;7if>touf@SL_refvmonf? xd k ht_yif _r<rif;p d k hay;
aeonfhEd k hud kvnf; rodromaumhIaumhIay;vmonf? @Suf@G H hp dwfawG
rnfr#_zpfae7aomfvnf; a':xm;7ifr Sm_r<rif;Ed k hp d k hay;wmud k odyfud k
cHvd k haumif;aeonf? xdk hajumif h odpdwfurygaomfvnf; aoG;om;awGu
tvd kvd kvS Ky f@ Sm;vky faqmifum <ckvd kE d k ht H k juD ;ud kaumhay;r d _ci f ; _zp f
ayawmhonf?
_r<rif;onf usefEd k hoD;ud kvnf; qufpd k hay;onf? a':xm;7if
y d kItouf@ S L _re fvmum w[if ;[i f ; _zp fvmonf? _r<ri f ;onf
rmvmwif>t_yKtrlrsm;ud k _yefowd7onf? a':xm;7if>wayG hwyd kuf
ud k<fvH k;juD;ud k tm;7yg;7ayG hzufzspf!Spfum yvl;ypfvd kufcsifonf?
od k haomf tcs de fuodyfr@S dawmh?
113
a':xm;7i fu d k u d k atmi fx l ;vufr Sac:x kw fo Gm ;z d k huvnf ;
@S dao;onf?
xd kajumif hE d k hoD;rsm;ud kqufpd k hay;vd kaomfvnf; tompdwfcs Ky f
wnf;v#uf yg;pyfxJrSuÈwfxkwfum pum;a_ymvd kuf7onf?
Þ bmrS@SufraeygeJ hwDcsm7<f? orD;wd k hvnf;wDcsmhvd k tawGh
tjuHKopfawG7cJ hygw<f? 'gawGud kt_yef7xm;ay:usrSy J a_ymjuwm
ayg h ? tc kawm h uÈe frwd k h ' Duaet_re fqH k ;x GufoGm ; ju7atmi f ?
[d kvljuD;awmh a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSma7mufae_yD? _yefrxGufvmao;bl; ß
xd ktcs de fr Smyif rar#m fvif haoma_ymif ;vJcsufawG_zpfvmonf?
ta_ctaeonf wpfrs d K ;wpfzH ka_ymif;vJoGm;cJ h7onf?
114
yxrqHk; a7cs d K ;cef;wHcg; 0kef;ueJyGi f hvmw<f?
a7cs d K ;cef;xJrSmxGef;xm;wJ hr D;tvif;a7mif[mvnf; t_yifbuf
tdy fce f ;x Jud k _zmusvi f ;xde fo Gm ;apwmayg h ? ' gwi fb<f[kwfr SmvJ?
av;ayrD;acsmif;awGu w_zwf_zwfvif;vmw<f?
tdyfcef;xJutarSmifawG tukefaysmufoGm;_yD? vif;xdefvd k h?
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -ud katmifxl;u a7cs d K ;ce f ;xJr Smr@S dawmh
ygbl;? tckxGufvmyg_yD ß
ud katmi fx l ;7 J h ausey ftm;7p Gma7@ Gw fa _ymqd kv d ku fo H ju D ;
ay:vmw<f?
a':xm;7if[m tvef hwjum;yJa7@Gwf_yD; rsufESmud kvuf0g;e J h
tkyfxm;vd kufw<f? ol odyfud k@ Sufaeygw<f? udkatmifxl;b<fvd k
<kwf<kwfrmrmnpfnpfnrf ;nrf ;vky fw<fqd kwmud k a':xm;7i ftod
qH k;yJav? _yD;awmha':xm;7if[m udkatmifxl;ud kvGefqefEd li fwJ htpGrf;
115
r@S dbl;? udkatmifxl;7J hvufckyfxJua7b0udka7mufae7_yD? udkatmifxl;
bmcd ki f;c d ki f ; vkyf7rSmyJ?
_r<rif;av;a@S hr Sm rawmfwa7mfawGvkyfcd ki f ;r Smud k a':xm;7if
odyfud k@ Sufajumufaerdwmayg h? oem;p7mygyJ?
_r<rif ;uawmh qwfueJy Jud katmi fxl ;ud kvSr f ; junf hw<f?
rsufESmwif;wif;e J h ud katmifxl;ud k7ifqd ki fz d k hygyJ?
' gayr<f h ukwifab;r Smud k<fvH k ;wD;e J h7y faewJ hud katmifxl;7 J h
axmifaxmifarmif;armif;| Avaumif;aumif;ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfjuD;u
_r<rif;7J h7rufpdwfawGud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmifvd kufw<f?
_r<rif;[m 7efawG hcsifwJ hp dwfawG csufcsif;aysmufoGm;w<f?
tif;- -udkatmifxl;7J hud k<fvH k;ud k<faygufuvnf; ̂ SmjuD;_yD;7ruf_yif;
wJ htrs d K ;orD;awGud k t_ywfud kqG Jaqmif!S d K h<lEd li fwJ htquftaygufud k;?
t7yf_rif hw<f? wkwfcd ki fw<f? 'gayr<f h00zd ki f hz d ki f h juD;awmh
r[kwfbl;? uspfuspfvpfvpfeJ hud koefwm? _yD;awmh 7ifbwfrSmuvnf;
tar$;tr#ifawGxlxyfvd kufwm rnf;aewmyJ?
116
y d kq d k ;wmu ud katmi fxl ;e J ha':xm;7i fwd k h t@ Sufui f ;r J hp Gm
umrpyf<Suf_yKr lc J hwmawGud k _r<rif;uususeeawG h _ri fc J h7wmygy J?
ud katmifxl;b<favmuftvdk;jurf;| tvdk;oefw<fqd kwmudk rsuf0g;
xifxifawG hc J h7wmygyJ?
'gajumif hud katmifxl;ud k yvmudk<fvH k;wD;juD;eJ h eD;e D;uyfuyf
_rif7wJhtcg _r<rif;[mw^SmpdwfawG[kef;ueJxvm_yD; w_cm;bmudkrS
rodEd li fawmhatmif _zpfoGm;7wmayg h?
' g[mvnf; rde f ;rawG7 J hobm0tm;enf;csufvd k hqd k7rvm;rod
ygbl;? olwd k h[mw_cm;tcs de fawGr Sm b<favmufyJcyfwif;wif;rmae
ygap| ^Smxef_yD;7rufxefvm7ifbmudkr Srodawmhbl;? tvdk;cHcsifp dwf
awGuom i<fxdy fud kwufaeawmhwmygy J? âa_ENawG| oduQmawG
tukefab;cs dwf| a'goawG| 7efvd kr S KawGud kvnf; tm;vH k;acguf?
_r<ri f ;[m umrp dw faw Gt7r f ;E d k ; jum ;rvm7avatmi f
jud K ;pm;_y D ;awmh xde f ;ygao;w<f? 'gayr<f h b<fvd kvky fxde f ;E d li f
awmhrSmvJ?
rjunfhygbl;vd k hxdef;aewJhjum;uyJ _r<rif;7J hrsufvH k;tjunfhu
117
udkatmifxl;aygifc Gjum;ud ka7mufoGm;w<f? wGJvJusaewJha~G;OjuD;awG
eJ h rawmif hwawmifrmefaysmhacGaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;ud kjunfhrdw<f?
aumifrav;rsufvH k ;tjunf hb<fud ka7mufoGm;w<fqd kwmud k
odvd kufwJ htcg udkatmifxl;u tm;7yg;7ud k _yH K;r dw<f? olurdef;rawG
tajumif;aemajuaewJhol? 'Dtjunfhav;ud k _rifwmeJ h 'Daumifrav;
_r<rif;ud kolyd ki f _y Dqd kwm odwmayg h?
ud katmifxl;u olhvD;juD;ud kvufeJ htomudki f _yD;aqmhay;vd kuf
w<f? aysmhacGaewJhvD;juD;[mvnf; csufcsif;ud ktouf0ifvmygw<f?
awGh_rifae7wJh_r<rif; juufoD;av;awGawmifxoGm;w<f? rsufvH k;
tjunfhud kvnf; b<fvd kr Sv$ Jz<fvd k hr7Ed li fawmhbl;?
Þ eifwd k huacsmif;junfhaejuwmayg h? tif;- -igvnf;txif
om;yJ? b<fvd kvJ? eifwd k hq7mrudkigvd k ;wmawG junfhaumif;w<f
r[kwfvm;? 'Dvd kjunf h _y D ;ei fwd k hwawG tvd k ;c Hcsi fp dwfaumray:vm
bl;vm;? ig hvD ;b<favmufjuD ; _y D ; igb<favmuftvd k ;awmfw<f
qd kwmud k eifrsuf_rifod_yD;_y Dayg h? [kwfp ß
ud katmifxl;7 J hcy fjurf;jurf;e J h npfnpfnrf;nrf;a_ymvd kufwJ h
118
pum;awGu _r<rif;7J hem;xJud k twHk;vd kuftwpfvd kuf0ifoGm;wmyJ?
_r<rif ;[mud katmi fxl ;ud k b<fvd kr Sta_zray;7 Jy gbl ; ? 'gayr<f h
aumifrav;7J hrsufvH k;awGu vD;ud kaqmhay;aewmudk rsufawmifrcwf
wrf;yJ pl;pd kufjunfhaerdw<f? 'Dvd kjunfh7if;pdwfyd kxvmw<f? touf
@SLyd k _yif;vmw<f? rsufvH k;awGvnf; ta7mifyd kawmufvmw<f?
Þ udkatmifxl;7<f- -'Daumifrav;u i<fi<fav;@S dygao;
w<f? q<fhav;ESp fawmifr_ynf hao;bl;? ol hud kawmhrjuHpnfyge J h@ Si f
raumif;ygbl; ß
a':xm;7i fu toHw ke fw ke f7i f7i f e J h awmi f ;ye f@ S mw<f ?
a':xm;7if[m wu<fvnf;ajumufvef hae@Smygw<f?
Þ oGm;prf;yg? 'Daumifrav;u cifAsm;Ed k hoD;awGud kp d k hay;aewkef;
uawmh cifAsm;aumif;aumif;juD;r S de f ;aecJ hw<fr[kwfvm;? zufrsm;
awmifzufvd kufao;w<f? tJ' Dwke f ;uawmh 'Daumifrav;i<fao;
wmwd k h | q<f hav;E Sp fr_ynf hao;wmwd k hqd kwmawGud k ci fAsm;pO f ;pm;
rd7J hvm; ß
ud katmifxl;u avoHrmrmeJ h _yefa_ymw<f?
119
a':xm;7ifud ky g ;py fua_ymae7if ; _r<rif;7 J hvufwpfbufud k
tomav;<l_yD; cyfat;at;yJol hvD;wefjuD;ay:ud k tomwifay;vd kuf
w<f? tpuawmh_r<rif;[m ol hvufud kqwfueJ_yef@ kwfvd kufrvd k h
ygyJ? 'gayr<fhrmawmifp_yKae_yD_zpfwJ hvD;wefjuD;ud k vufz0g;EkEkav;eJ h
xdawG hr dvd kufwJ htcg _r<rif;7J h7ruftm@k HawGud k ES d K ;qGÕrif hwifay;wJ h
cvkwftES dy fc Hvd kuf7ovdk_zpfoGm;w<f? zDvifawGt7rf;wufvmw<f?
7rufaoG ;awGt_ywfqla0vmw<f? umrp dwfawG _yi f ; _yi f ;xe fxe f
Ed k ;jum;vmw<f?
vufudk_yef@kyfvdkufzd k ha0;a7m| rmawmifp_yKaewJhvD;acsmif;juD;udk
tomqkyfud kifvd kuf_yD; tomav;awmifyGwfoyf_yD; ~Gif;wd kufovdkawmif
vky fay;aevd kufy gawmhw<f? vD;juD ;[m olrvufxJr SmqwfueJ
qwfueJvSKyfvm_yD; yd kvd k hrmawmifvmwm _r<rif;od7w<f? udkatmif
xl;uvnf; _yH K;_z D;_z D;juD;_zpfvd k h? odyfud kauseyfESpfcs d KufoGm;rSe f; odom
w<f? udkatmifxl;ud k' Dvd kauseyfoGm;atmifvkyfay;Ed li fwmudk _r<rif;
0rf;omrdw<f? tckqdk7if_r<rif;7J hpdwfxJrSm udkatmifxl;auseyfoabm
usatmifvkyfay;csifwJ hp dwfawGu odyfud k _yif;_yaejuyg_yD? 'Dpdwft_yif
w_cm;bmudkr Sr@S dawmhbl;? 7rufaZm7J haus;uÈefrav;b0udk _r<rif;
a7mufoGm;_yDvd k h a_ym7rSmayg h?
120
q<fausmfouft@G<f rdef;uav;i<fi<f_zpfayr<fh _r<rif;7J h
yg;pyf| zif| apmufzkwfoH k ;aygufvH k ;u vD;eJ h<Ofyg;_yD;_y Dav? vD;7J h
t7omud k aumif ;aumi f ;odaeju_y Dav? ud katmi fxl ;7 J hvD ;juD ;u
t7omxl;ay;Ed li fr<fqd kwmud kvnf; _r<rif;7J h Ør× obm0aoG;om;
aw Gu tv d kv d ko d a e juw< f ? v d kvm ; awmi f hwae juw< f ?
Þ <ri f ;7< f- -uav;7<f- -' ku Qawm h _zp f awm hr< f
xifyg7J huG<f- - ß
q7mra':xm;7ifu <lusH K;r7yJa_ymw<f? toHu id koHygae
w<f? p dwfy suftm;avsm hr S KawGuvnf; ododomomjuD ;r S Dw G Jv d k h ?
u d k atmi fx l ;u a':xm;7i f7 J h rme ftm;v H k ;u d k ac sz su ftE d l i f< l _y D ;
aumif;aumif;cs Ky fud ki fxm;Ed li f _y Dr d k h ud katmifxl;juHpnfvkyfaqmifwm
awGud k a':xm;7ifc_rmraumif;rSe f;odayr<fh b<fvd kr S[ef hwm;Ed li fwJ h
p Gr f ;tm;r@S dygbl;?
a':xm;7ifuawmh _r<rif;7 J hwd k ;wufa_ymif ;vJc J hwJ ht_zpfud k
b<fodr SmvJ? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf taygufoH k ;ay gufvH k ;p H k atmi f
vD;toGif;cH7_yD;_yDvd k hvnf; b<fxifrSmvJ? _r<rif;ud k i<fi<fEkEk
121
tysdKaygufrav;vdk hy J xifaewmaygh? tysd Kaygufrav;_r<rif;wa<muf
ol hrsufapha@S harSmufrSmyJ ud katmifxl;7J htys d K7nfzsuf| wufvd k;wmcH7
awmhrSmygvm;qd k _y D; pdwfraumif;_zpfaew<f? _r<rif;[m olhwynfh
rav;qd kawmh q7mra':xm;7ifrSm apmif ha@Smufxdef;odrf;ay;zk d hwm0ef
@ S dw<fav? tckawm h b<fvd kr SrumuG<frapmi f ha@ Smufay;E d li fy J
' Dtwd ki f;junfhae7rSmrd k hvnf; pdwfrcsrf;rom_zpfae@Smygw<f?
a':xm;7if[m wwfEd li for#a_zodr f hay;wJ htaeeJ h _r<rif;7 J h
qHyifuav;awGud k tomyGwfoyfay;vd kufygw<f? udkatmifxl;ud kawmh
bmrSa_ymqd kuef huGufraeawmhygbl;? a_ymqd kuef huGufvd k hr7rSe f ;vnf;
odw<fav?
Þ at;- -'Dvd k _i dr f _i dr foufoufaeprf;yg rxm;7? cifAsm;
vnf; vD;t7omcHbl ; _y D ;om;y J? _y D ;awmhody fud k^SmjuD; _y D ; vD;e J h
tv d k ; c H 7z d k hq d k 7i f bmy J _ zp f _ zp fv ky f ay ;r< f h r d e f ; rq d kwmu d kvn f ;
us Ky fuaz:xkwfoufao_yc J h _y D ; _y D ? uJ- -'Daumifrav;_r<rif ;7 J h
t0wfawGud kcÈwfay;vd kufprf;- - ß
udkatmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud ktrdef hay;apcd ki f;vd kufygw<f?
122
_ r<ri f ; r S m awm h p dw fu d kb< fv d k r Sx d e f ;v d k h r 7awm hb l ; ?
wpfud k<fvH k;vnf; iSufzsm;wufovdkwkefae_yD? a':xm;7ifu _r<rif;
0wfxm;wJ htuôsus<foD;awGud k cyf_ref_refyJ_zKwfaeyg_yD? ud katmifxl;
c d ki f ;vd k hom vkyfay;ae7wm? 'Dtvkyfud kody f@ Suf@ G Hw<f? 'gayr<f h
bmajumif hr Se f ;rodbl;? _r<rif;ud k tckvd kt0wfawGcÈwfay;ae7wJ h
q7mra':xm;7if7J h umr7rufqENawG[mvnf; w[kefxd k ;y JE d k ;jum;
vmjuw<f?
_r<rif;7J htuôsuÈwfoGm;_yD?
tay:y d k i f ;r S m b7mp D<mav;y J pnf ;aE S mi fv #u fom;@ S d ae
awmhw<f? a':xm;7ifu _r<rif;7J hxrDud kcÈwfzd k h cg;jum;rSm!Syfxm;
wJ htxufqifpud k qG J _zKwfvd kufwJ htcs de fr SmyJ ud katmifxl;7J hnmvufu
_r<rif;7J hvnf~kwfud k qkyfud ki f _y D;qG J<lvmw<f? olhb<fvufuawmh
vD;ud kud ki f _y D ;~ Gi f ;wd kufay;aewJ h _r<rif;7 J hvufud ktomav;z<fxkwf
ypfvd kufw<f?
ud katmifxl;bmvkyfc d ki f ;awmhr<fqd kwm _r<rif;odvd kufyg_y D?
'gajumif hud katmifxl;u vnf~kwfud kud ki f _y D;qG J<lvd kufvd k h acgif;av;
atmufud kud ki f ;usvmwJ htcg _r<rif;7J hyg;pyfuav;[m tvdkufoif h
123
[v#ufom;_zpfoGm;w<f?
ud katmifxl;u_r<rif;ud k ol haygi fjum;rSm rsufESmtyfv#uf
om;_zp foGm;atmi f qG Jc svd kufwm? tvd kufoif h[ay;wJ h _r<rif ;7 J h
y g ;py fu rwfawmifaewJ hvD;juD;7 J hxdy fy d ki f ;ud ki H kr dw<f? iH kr dw<fqd k
wmeJ h _r<rif;uvnf; ES kwfcrf;av;ESp fc kud kp k _y D ; tompkyfay;vd kuf
awmhwmygy J?
Þ td k- -<rif;av;7<f- -_zpf7avuG<f ß
'Dvd kvD;ud k yg;pyfeJ hi H kp ky fay;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Sm q7mra':xm;7if7J h
rcs dwifuJa7@Gwfvd kufoHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?
aumi frav;u wpfc sufr Sr _ii f ;y J vD ;ud ki H kp ky fay;vd ku fwJ h
twGuf a':xm;7i fx dw fve f hw ke fv S Ky fo Gm ;wmuawm h tr Se fy gy J ?
'Dvd kvG<fvG<fav;_zpfvmr<fvd k h oluxifrxm;cJ hwmudk;? tysd Kayguf
uav;_r<rif;[m tajumuftuefawmh_ii f ;qef@ ke f ;uefvdr f hr<fvd k h
xifaewm? tckawmh txifeJ ht_rif ygpifatmifud kvG JoGm;_yD?
tJ- -wcsde fwnf;rSmyJ a':xm;7if7J h7rufpdwfqENawG[mvnf;
124
yd krd kE d k ;jum;vmw<f? olhvufawGu _r<rif;7J ht0wfawGudk yd k _yD;_ref_ref
c Èwfay;w<f? txufqif _y KwfoGm ; _y D ; a_yav#musvmwJ hxr Dud k
qwfueJqG JcÈwfcsyp fvd kufwm cHwifatmufud kuGi f ;vH k ;av;yH kusoGm;
wmyJ?
ud katmifxl;u _r<rif;7J hacgif;ud k ol haygifjum;xJyd kz dcsw<f?
'DawmhvD;uvnf; yg;pyfxJyd k0ifvmwmayg h? vD;'pfxdyfzsm;u _r<rif;
7J htmacgifud kaxmufrdwJ htxd?
tckqd k7if ud katmifxl;7J hvD;juD;[m pHcs de f _ynf hud kawmifrwf
vd k haeyg_yD? ud katmifxl;7J hiyJu 12vufravmuf@Snf_yD; bdvyf7nf
ykvif;zif0d ki f ;avmufud kwkwfwmaemf?
'Dawmh _r<rif;qd kwJ hcsmwdwfrav;tzd k h vD;wacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyf
xJ0ifatmif b<fvdkvkyfiH kp kyfEd li fr SmvJ? w0ufomomavmufyJ0ifw<f?
'gawmifvD;'pfjuD;u tmacgifud kaxmufrdae_yD?
_r<rif;u 0ifaewJhtyd ki f;ud ky J tm;7yg;7pkyfay;w<f? vD;wef
vH k ;ywfud k @ Smav;e J h7p fywf_y D ; 7ufay;w<f? 7efy d ki fp d k ;7 J hvD ;a7m|
armifarmif7J hvD;a7m pkyfay;cJ hz l;wmrd k h vD;pkyfwmudkvnf; txmayguf
125
aeyg _y D ?
Þ tm;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwmuGm? 'Daumifrav;u q<fhav;
ESpfom@S dao;ayr<fh vD;pkyfawmhwwfae_yD? olb<fvd kvD;pkyfay;w<f
qd kwmudk cifAsm;awmifjunfh_yD; enf;<lzd k haumif;w<f [J[J[J ß
_r<ri f ; p k y f ay ;wmu tawm fu d k c Hv d k h aumi f ;wma jumi f h
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kvSrf;a_ymvd kuf7wJhtxdyJ?
a':xm;7i fvnf ;raeE d li fawm hb l ; ? q7mroduQmawGbmawG
ud kvnf; cGmcsypfvd kuf_yD?
_ r<ri f ; 7 J hb7mp D<mav;u d k cy f _ r e f _ r e f c Èw f c G m c sw< f ?
aemufawmh aumifrav;7J h~s d Ki f ;atmufuaevufv# d K _y D ; Ed k htH kav;ud k
tomqkyfud ki fw<f? Ed k hoD;acgi f ;av;ud k vufreJ htomyGwfay;w<f?
_r<rif;[m zdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJud k _zpfoGm;7w<f?
Þ ci f A s m ; c s mw dw frav;u d k oabmusw<fr[ kw fvm ; ?
cifAsm;ud kzifvd k ;ay;7if; usKyfar;cJ hwkef;u 'Daumifrav;7J hapmufzkwfud k
7ufay;p ky fay;c si fw<fvd k h ci fA sm ;a _ymc J hwmud k r Swfr dao;7 J hvm;?
tck cifAsm;ud ktpkyfcd ki f ;z d k h tcs de fus_yDxifw<f? cifAsm;eJ h' Daumifrav;
126
wpfa<muftzkwfud kwpfa<muf7ufay;juwmud k usKyfxd ki fjunf hprf;
r<f ß
ud katmifxl;7J h yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymqd koHud k _r<rif;jum;7w<f?
td k- -ud katmifxl;vky fc d ki f ;wJ htvkyfu wu<fhud kt@Sufuke fapr<f h
tvkyfygvm;? 'gayr<fhola7m| q7mra':xm;7ifa7m udkatmifxl;7J h
apcd ki f ;csufud k r_iif;E d li fjubl;qd kwm _r<rif;odygw<f? vkyfay;7
rSmyg?
a':xm;7i fu vD;p ky fay;aewJ h _r<rif ;ud k tomqG J<lvd kuf
w<f? _r<rif ;7 J hy g ;py fxJuvD;acsmi f ; juD ; _y Gwfqd kt_yi fxGufoGm;
w<f? a':xm;7ifu_r<rif;ud k cHwifay:rSm yufvufuav;_zpfatmif
v S Jo dy f ay ;v d ku fy gw<f ? _y D ; awm ho lu d k< fw d k i fvnf ; _r<ri f ;7 J h
tay:uyf7ufom; arSmuftdy fcsvd kufw<f? trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<muf7J h
qD;pyfcsif;vnf; xduyfrdoGm;wmayg h?
q7mra':xm;7ifu ol htay:xyf7ufae_y D ; apmufz kwfcsi f ;
z duyfyGwfay;awmhrSmud k _r<rif;odvd kufyg_yD? 'Dvd krs d K ; rmvmwifvnf;
vkyfay;zl;wmyJ? _r<rif;uvnf; 'grs d K ;ud kvk dvm;oabmusygw<f?
127
Þ <rif;7<f- -rif;av;ud k' Dvd kt_zpfrs d K ;e J hjuHKatmifvkyfovdk
r s d K ; _zp fwmud k wDc smp dw fraumi f ;y gb l ;u G< f ? ' gayr<f hw Dc smw d k h
o lc d ki f ;wmud k rvky fy J _ii f ;vd k h7r Smr[kwfbl ; ? olc d ki f ;ovd krvky f7i f
twif;tjuyfud k@ k dufE SuftEd li fusif h _y D ; vkyfc d ki f ;r SmyJ? wDcsm hud kvnf;
' Dv d ktE d l i fu si f h _ y D ; np fnp fyw fyw ftvky f aw Gv ky fc d k i f ; c J h _ y D ; y g _y D ?
td k- -bmawGvky fay;c J h7w<fqd kwm wDcsma_ymawmifra_ym0H hawmh
y gb l k ;u G< f ? ody fu d knp fnr f ;p kw fy J hwmy J ? ody fa jom hE Sv H k ; emp7m
aumif;wmyJ ß
q7mra':xm;7i fu _r<ri f ;7 J hem ;@ Gufem;ud ky g ;py fe J huy f _y D ;
w D ;w d k ; a _ym jum ;y gw<f ? ti f ;- -np fnr f ;p kw fy J hw J htv ky f aw G
vky fay;7w<f bmnma_ymaeayr<f h a':xm;7i f7 J hpum;oHxJr Sm
7rufcd k ;awG_ynf hv# Haewmud k _r<rif;tuJcwfrdwmayg h? 'gwifb<f
[kwfr SmvJ? ' Dpum;awGa_ym7i f ; a':xm;7i f7 J hzi f juD;wvSKy fvS Ky fe J h
vSKy f@ Sm;ae_yefw<f?
a':xm;7if7J hapmufar$;awG awmxatmifaygufaewJ hqD;pyfu
_r<ri f ;& J htar $ ;wyi fwavawmi fray gu fao;y J a _ymi f@ S i f ; aew J h
qD;pyfE kE kav;ud k yGwfwd kufr daeygw<f? aumifrav;ud kvnf;t7rf;
p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;oGm;apwmayg h ? tzkwfcsi f ;vnf; rxdwxdy Gwfr dae_y D ?
_r<rif;u aygifESp facsmif;ud kum;ay;vd kufwJ htcgusawmh a':xm;7if7J h
128
apmufzkwfjuD;eJ h _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfav;wd k h tdueJaeatmifxdrdju
w<f? trsd K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;z de f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;ju7_yD?
'gayr<fhieJom;ud katmifxl;uawmh 'Dvd ktzkwfcsif;uyf_yD;yGwf
ay;wmudk odyftxmrjunfbl;?
Þ igu a_cmufq<fhud k ;yH kp He J h wpfa<muftzkwfwpfa<muf
t_ye ftvSe f7u fc d k i f ;wm aumi fr ju D ;7 J h ? ' Dv d ktz kw fc si f ;uy f _y D ;
yGwfcd ki f ;wmr[kwfbl; ß
u d k atmi fx l ;u cwfqwfqwfa _ymw<f ? ' Daemu fawm h
a':xm;7i f7 J hzi fom;juD;wpfbufud k vuf0g ;e J hwtm;@ k dufc svd kufwm
zsef;ueJtoH_rnfw<f?
` Þ trav;ud katmifxl;7J h vkyfyg hr<f@Si f h ß
a' :xm ;7i fwp f a<mu f y g ; py fuatm f[p f awmi f ; ye f 7i f ;
csufcsi f ;y J _r<rif;7 J hud k<fay:wufcGxm;7mu ab;ud kvS dr f hqif;oGm;
w<f? yufvufvSef_yD;aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;ud kvnf; um;ay;vd kufw<f?
129
udkatmifxl;u_r<rif;7J hvufarmif;ud kqkyfud kif_yD; cyfjurf;jurf;
q G Jx lw<f? _y D ;awm hyufvufvSe f _y D ;ay gi fum;xm;wJ ha':xm;7i f7 J h
ud k<fay:udk a_ymif;_yef_zpfatmifqGJwifvdkufw<f? _r<rif;7J ha_caxmuf
awGu a':xm;7i f7 J hu d k<fay:c Gv#ufom;? _r<rif ;7 J hac gi f ;uawmh
a':xm;7i f7 J hay gi f jum;tay:r Sm? ud katmi fxl ;u_r<ri f ;7 J hac gi f ;u d k
a':xm;7i f7 J hum;ay;xm;wJ haygi f jum;xJ tyfv#ufom;usoGm;atmif
wtm;yJzdcsvd kufw<f?
Þ ud ki f;- -aumifrESpfaumif 7ufjuayawmh? wpfa<muf
apmufzkwfud kwpfa<muf @SmeJ hysyfysyf_rnfatmif tm;7yg;77ufay;ju
r<f? rxm;7 rif;a_ymwm[kwfw<f? 'Daumifrav;u rif;wynfhr
av;awGxJrSm t_zdK;qH k ;y J? ti<fqH k;y J? junfhprf;ygtH k ;? apmufzkwfrSm
apmufar$;awmifraygufao;bl;? uJ- -uJ tJ'DapmufzkwfEkEkav;ud k
tm;7yg;77ufay;vd kufprf;? uJ- -aumifrav; eifuvnf;rxm;7J h
tzkwfjuD;ud k7ufayawmh ß
pum;qHk;wmeJ hud katmifxl;u _r<rif;7J hrsufESmud k a':xm;7if7J h
apmufzkwfay:ususeezduyfrdoGm;atmifud k zdcsvd kufw<f? bma_ym
aumif ;rvJ? pGwfp d kwJ ha':xm;7if7 J hapmufz kwfjuD;ay:ud k _r<rif;7 J h
y g ;py fu ususeeud ky dusoGm;awmhwmyJ? a':xm;7if7 J hapmufar $ ;u
130
tawmfud kx lw<f? vdr faumufaewJ hapmufar $ ;awGu _r<ri f ;7 J h
ar;aph| yg;_yife J h ESmacgif;awGud kxdaejuw<f?
tJ' Dtc d kufr Smy J p Gwfp d kw J h@ Smwpfc ku ol htz kwfuk dvmxd_y D ;
ysyfueJ7ufay;vd kufwm _r<rif;cHpm;vd kuf7w<f? td k- -_r<rif;7J h
wpfud k<fvH k ; wkefoGm;wmyJ? juufoD;awGuvnf; wzsef;zse f;xvdk h?
ESvH k ;c ke foHuvnf; w'def;' de f;?
a':xm;7i f7 J hapmufz kwfte H hud kvnf; _r<rif ;aumi f ;aumi f ;
@ S Lr dae7_y D ? a':xm;7i f[mumr7rufp dw fawGt7r f ;E d k ; jum;aewm
qdkawmh apmufzkwfuvnf;awmifae_yDav? apmufaphav;awmifvd k h?
apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;juD;awGazgi f;vd k h ? apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf;
@$ Jvd k hpd kvd k h?
_r<rif;[m r7Jw7JeJ hyg;pyfav;ud ktom[| @Smav;ud kwpfvpf
xkwf_yD; r_yJw_yJ_zpfaeavwJha':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfud k tom7ufay;
vdkufw<f?
' Dvd k7ufay;vd kufwJ htcs de fr Smy J ol hatmufr Sm@ S daewJ hq7mr7J h
ud k<fvH k ;juD;qwfueJwkefoGm;wmudk _r<rif;odvd kuf7w<f? 'g ht_yif
131
a':xm;7if7J hyg;pyfu tdueJtoH_rnf_yD; avylawGrS Kwfxkwfvd kufwm
ajumif h olr7J hapmufzkwfw0d kuf aEG;ueJvnf;_zpfoGm;w<f? q7mr
a':xm;7ifwpfa<muf apmufzkwfud k7ufay;vd kufwJ htwGuf t_ywfud k
t7omawGhoGm;w<fqd kwmudk _r<rif;aumif;aumif;juD;odvd kuf7yg_yD?
a':xm;7if7J hvufawGu _r<rif;7J hwifyg;vH k;vH k;uspfuspfav;udk
od ki f;zufqkyfud ki fvmjuw<f? odki f;zuf@k H | ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyf@k Hawmif
r[kwfygbl;? atmufud ky d ke dr f husatmifqG Jaew<f? _r<rif;7J hwifyg;juD;
atmufbufyd kusvmw<f? 'Dawmhapmufzkwfav;[mvnf; atmufu
arm h _y D ;7ufay;aewJ ha':xm;7i f7 J hr sufE Smay: y d k _y D ;y dusoGm ;wmayg h ?
r[kwfbl;vm;?
a':xm;7if[m_r<rif;ud k judwf_y D ;oabmusaecJ hwmjumyg_y D?
a':xm;7if[ma<mus fm;@ Smwpfa<mufr[kwfayr<f h vifaooGm;_y D ;
r kqd k ;rb0rSma<mus fm;awGe J h wwfE d li for#cy fwif ;wif ;a@ Smi faec J hwm
qdkawmh rde f;rcsif;yJtaygif;toif;vkyfae7w<fav? 'Dawmhrde f;rcsif;
pG Jvef;wyfrufrSKawG tvdkvd k _zpfay:aecJ hwmayg h? txl;o_zif h _r<rif;vd k
i<fi<fE kE kacsmacsmr de f ;rys d Kav;awGud k a':xm;7ifody foabmuswm
ayg h? bm7<fvd k hr[kwfayr<fh 'Dvd ki<fi<f@G<f@G<frde f;uav;awGud k
ayG hvd kufzufvd kufeJ hxdawG hae7wmudk a':xm;7ifom<mrdw<f?
132
wcgwcgrSmawmh tJvd kaumifrav;rs d K ;wpfa<mufa<mufud k tm;7yg;7
ayG hzuferf;pkyf_yD; Øyvl;× ypfcsifwJ hp dwfawGawmifay:vmrdw<f?
tc kr Sy J a':xm;7i f7 J hp dw ful ;<O fqE N _ynf h07awm hw<f?
'DtwGufud katmifxl;ud ky J aus;Zl;wif7rvd k_zpfae_yD?
tEd liftxufeJ h jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;<kwf<kwfrmrm_yKrlvkyfaqmif
wwfwJ hud katmifxl;ud k a':xm;7i fr ke f ;wD ;r dayr<f h ud katmifxl;u
olrud krjuH Kz l ;w J humrpnf ;p dr fe J h xl ; _cm ;p G J ru fz G< f7mt_y Ktr lawG
cHpm;awGhjuHKapw<fqd kwmudkawmh a':xm;7if_iif;vd k hr7ygbl;?
u d katmi fx l ;u d kr ke f ;w D ;r dw J h jum;uy J E Sp foufoabmusae
7ygw<f?
a':xm;7i fuawmh t7r f ;ud k Øa[m h × ae_y D ? _r<ri f ;7 J h
apmufzkwfud k y<fy<fe<fe<fud k7ufay;w<f? txl;o_zif hapmufaph
av;ud kt" duxm; _y D ; 7ufay;p ky fay;aewm? _r<ri f ;wp fa<muf
zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ t7omtawGhjuD;awG hae7wmayg h?
_r<rif ;7 J h _ye fvnf7ufay;r S Kud kvnf; a':xm;7i fody foabm
usaeygw<f? a':xm;7if[mvHk;0ud k âa_êraqmifEd li fawmhbl;?
133
tckoleJ h Øyvl;× aewJhaumifrav;[m olhwynfhrav;qd kwmud kvnf;
rpOf;pm;Ed li fawmhbl;?
zi f ju D ;u d k aum hay ;v d ku f | v S Ky f @ S m ; ay ;v d ku fv ky f aew<f ?
_r<rif ;uvnf; ol hapmufz kwfav;ud k a':xm;7i f7ufay;aewmud k
twk<l_yD; a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfjuD;ud k _yef7ufay;aew<f?
rjumygbl;? trs d K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k; t_ywfzDvifawGwuf_yD;
aumhys HvS Ky f@ Sm;vmjuawmhwmygy J? tzkwf7ufoHawGu w_yyf _yy f
_rnfvd k h? 7rufaZmeJ ha7@Gwfnnf;wGm;oHawGuvnf; w[if;[if;e J hayg h?
tdyfcef;wpfckvH k ;vnf; umr7rufaZmt[kefawG v$rf;_c H Kvd k h
aeyg _y D ?
u d katmi fx l ;uawm h _zL _zLawmi f hawmi f harm fv_r d Ki fo l ju D ;
a' :xm;7i f e J h i< fi< fE kE kty s d K ay gu frav; _r<ri f ;w d k h E S p f a<muf
7ruf_yi f ; _yi f ;e J h wpfa<muftzkwfud kwpfa<muft_yeftvSe f7ufay;
aejuwmudk ab;em;uaevSnf hywf_yD; tm;remwrf;ud kjunfhaew<f?
junfhwmrS acgif;7if;buf| a_c7if;buf| vuf0Jbuf| vufsmbuf
tm;vH k;bufaygif;pH kud k @SKaxmif htrs d K ;rs d K ;uae_yD; junfhwmav?
134
awmuf- -junfhvd k huaumif;rSaumif;?
ud katmifxl;[m rsufpde J hjunfh@k Hwifrubl;? _r<rif;7J htom;
qd ki ftom;c JawGud k vufe J hvSr f ;ud ki fy Gwfoyfygao;w<f? Ed k hawGud k
SvSr f ;!Sp fw<f? tomt<mr[kwfbl;aemf? ol h0oDtwd ki f ; cyfemem
cyfwif;wif;!Spfwm? zifuk dy Gwfw<f? qGJqdwfw<f? td k;- -zifayguf
xJud kawmif vuf!S d K;xd k ;_yD;uvdvd kufao;w<f?
_r<rif;wpfa<muf wGef hueJwGef hueJ_zpfoGm;vd k h?
a' :xm;7i fuapmufap hu d k y g ;py fe J h z duy fp ky f ay ;aewke f ;r S m
u d katmi fx l ;uapmufac gi f ;x J vuf!S d K ;qwfue Jx d k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fwm
_r<rif;ud kqwfueJwke foGm;7wmyJ? _r<rif;7J hapmufacgi f;twGif;om;
av;awGuvnf; udkatmifxl;7J hvuf!S d k ;ud k wqwfqwfeJ hz d!Spfpkyf<l
aeju_yD? tzkwfud k@ SmeJ h7ufay;| apmufaphud kp kyfay;aewmudk _r<rif;7J h
taoG ;tom;awGu tm;r7E d li fawm hbl ;av? tzkwfxJvD ;o Gi f ; _y D ;
vd k ;wmudk cHcsifaeju_yD?
'Dtcs de fr Sm apmufacgif;xJvuf!S d K ;u acsmueJwd k ;0ifvmawmh
135
vD;xifrSwf_yD; apmufzkwftwGif;om;awGu zspf!SpfpkyfqG Jaejuwmaygh?
vuf!S d K ;qd kwmu vD;acsmif;e J hoabmrs d K ;wlayr<fh tawGhtxd
uawmhw_cm;p Dy J ? vD;ud kwr f ;waewJ h _r<rif ;7 J htaoG;tom;awGu
vuf!S d K ;e J hb<ftmoma_yauseyfEd li fr SmvJ?
olwufvd k;zd k h | yg;pyfua_ymqdkawmif;yefr<fvd k h _r<rif;pdwful;
vd kufcs de fr SmyJ ud katmifxl;7J htomirf;irf;a_ymvd kufoHud k _r<rif;jum;
7w<f?
Þ awmuf- -' Daumi frav;7 J hapmufac gi f ;uusO f ; juy f _y D ;
t7nfuvnf; t_ywfud k@ $r f;vmwmyJ? juHKjudKufwkef; 'Dapmufzkwf
av;ud k igaumif;aumif;vd k ;junfhvd kuftkef;r<f- - ß
'Dpum;a_ym7if; ud katmifxl;u_r<rif;7J hapmufacgif;av;xJud k
vuf!S d k ;e J ht_ywfxd k ;uvdw<f? a':xm;7i fuvnf; apmufap hud k
7uf7ufa7ma7m7ufay;| pky fay;w<f? _r<rif;wpfa<mufb<fvd k
rsm;_zpfaer<fqd kwm pOf;pm;omjunfhjuygawmh?
v D ;u d kwr f ;waewJ htaoG ;tom;awGu vd k ;awm hr<fqd kw J h
136
toHud kjum;7wmeJ h t_ywfud k@ Gp dwd k ;vmjuw<f? 'Djum;xJtzkwfud k
uvday;wmeJ h apmufaph7ufay;wmudkc H7avawmh yd kqd k ;ukefwmayg h?
Þ [if h- -vdk;ygOD;av;juD;7<f- -orD;ud kvd k ;ay;prf;yg@Si f h- -
[if h[if h ß
_r<ri f ;b<fv d kr SraeE d l i f awm hb l ; ? tz kw f7ufay;ae7mu
tomacgif;armh_yD; tirf;r7a_ymvd kufw<f?
_yD;awmh acgif;ud ktomatmuf_yefcs_yD; a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwf
ud k tm;7yg;77ufay;vd kufygava7m?
a[m- -cHwifodrf hueJ_zpfoGm;w<f? udkatmifxl;cHwifay:ud k
wufvm_yD? <rif;ukef;aewJhzifjuD;aemufud k a7mufaeyg_yD? ol- -ol
<rif;ud kvd k ;awmhr<f? olhvD;juD;ud k <rif;tzkwfxJud kxd k ;xnfhawmh
r<f? cy f _re f _re fxd k ;o Gi f ;vd ku fpr f ;y gO D ;av;juD ;7<f? <rif ;ody fud k
tvd k ;c Hcsi faeyg_yD?
137
udkatmifxl;u cHwifay:wufI _r<rif;>zifjuD;aemufwGif
tom' l ;axmufae7m<lonf ? a':xm;7i f>r su fE S may:wufc Gum
apmufzkwfud kuke f ;7ufaeonfrd k h av;bufuke f ;v#uf ruswustae
txm;r s d K ;w Gi f@ S d aeonf ? ud k atmi fx l ;u_r<ri f ;>apmuf7nfE Si f h
wHawG;awGpd kaeavaomapmufzkwft0wGif olhvD;xdyfud ktomawhvd kuf
onf?
Þ usKy f7 J ha~G;OawGud k 7ufay;prf;? 'Daumifrav;ud kusKy fcs
aewkef; usKyf7J ha~G;OawGeJ haumifrav;&J hapmufaphud k wvSnf hp D7ufay;
[kwfvm; ß
ud katmifxl;u a':xm;7ifud kapcd ki f ;vd kufoHtm; _r<rif;jum;
vd kuf7_yefonf?
'Daemufawmh udkatmifxl;utomzdxd k;oGif;vd kufwm oHk;vufr
avmufud k@ SnfwJ hvD;'pf_y JvefjuD;[m _r<rif;7J hapmufacgif;aygufav;
xJud k _rKyf0ifoGm;ygavawmhw<f?
Þ tdtd- -[if h- - ß
138
_r<rif;wpfa<muf t7omzdef;ueJ@S de f ;ueJawG hoGm;wmajumif h
yg;pyfrSa7@Gwfnnf;!lrdonf? a':xm;7if>tzkwfud kukef;7ufay;ae7mrS
nnf;vd kuf7onfrd k h toHuawmhroJuG J? ryDroESif h0g;wm;wm;_zpfae
onf?
ud katmifxl;>vD;onf _r<rif;tvd k ;c Hc J hz l ;aom7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h
armifarmifwd k h>vD;rsm;xuf yd kjuD;onf? yd k _y D;@ Snfovdk | vH k;ywfvnf;
yd kwkwfonf? xd k h _yif _r<rif;>apmufzkwfav;rSmvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h
armifarmifwd k hE Sp fa<muf 7uf7ufpufpufvd k ;xm;onfhtwGuf tawmf
us de f ;aeonf?
rdrdud k | ud katmifxl;vd k ;v#if tawmfemjuifrnf[k _r<rif;
jud KwifawG;awmxm;r donf? wu<fwef;vD;oGi f ;aomtcgwGi fawmh
_r<rif;awG;awmpd k ;7 dr foavmuf emjuifr S K _yif ; _y_cif;r@S dyg? tenf;
i<fom atmif h _y D;emonf? t7omuvnf;aumif;aeavawmh _r<rif;
tae_zi f h onfr#avmufaomemjuifr S Kud k ta7;rxm;E d li fawmhay?
r dr d>tz kw fx Jo d k h u d k atmi fx l ;>vD ; ju D ;x d k ;o Gi f ;aey H ku d k junf hz d k h
junh fr Se fwcsyfavmufcHwifem;wGi f@ S daev#iftaumif;om;[k _r<rif;
p dw fx Jr S wr f ;wawG ;awmr donf ? t dy fce f ;x Jw Gi fr S e fwi fc k e fE S i f h
ud k<fvH k ;ay:rSe fawGawmh @S djuygonf? od k haomf xd kr Se frsm;@S daeonfh
139
ae7mu c Hwi fE S i f htvd ku froi f h ? c Hwi fay:w Gi fv d k ; ae jur S Konf
xd kr Se fcsyfrsm;ay:t7dyfrxifyg?
apmufap hav;ud k 7ufay;p ky fay;aeonf ha':xm;7i f>yg ;py f
uvnf;cGmoGm;7m ud katmifxl;>a~G;OwG JvJjuD;rsm;ud kyg;pyf_zif hp ky fay;
aeav_yD_zpfajumif; _r<rif;odonf?
ud katmifxl;>a~G;Orsm;ud k a':xm;7ifpkyfay;aewmudk _r<rif;
awG hc J h7zl;_yD;_zpfonf? <ckvnf;a':xm;7ifwa<muf a~G;OjuD;rsm;ud k
y g ;py f _zi f hi H kp ky fay;aeyH kud k ud k<fwd ki fr_ri fE d li faomfvnf; pdwful; _zi f h
y H k7 dy faz:junfhum _r<rif;7rufxefvm7onf?
Þ awmuf- -aumif;vd kufwJ hapmufywfuGm? usOf;juyf_y D ;
pD;yd ki faewmyJ ß
vD;'pf_rKyf0ifoGm;_yD;aemuf El;nH haxG;tdaomapmufacgif;ayguf
usOf;usOf;av;> usOf;juyfonfhxdawGhr S Kt7omudk pwifcHpm;7onfh
ud katmifxl;u tHjudwfuma_ymonf?
xd kaemuf use faeao;aomvD;we f juD ;ud k qufoGi f ;onf?
xd ko d k ho Gi f ;7mwGi f w@ S d e fx k d ;aqmi f ho Gi f ; _ci f ;r[kwf ? c g ;u d kE G J hum |
140
zifa_ymifjuD;vSKyf@ Sm;um_zif h 0uftl7pfoGif;ovdk | w7pfcsif;vSnf hum
oGif;_cif;_zpfonf?
w7pfcsif;vSnf hywfumxdk;oGif;ae7m apmufzkwfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvm
onfhvD;acsmif;juD;onf apmufacgif;twGif;om;eH7Hrsm;ud k ususeeyif
vSnf hywfxk d ;ar $ovd k _zpfaeonf? _r<rif;tzd k h wqwfqwfwke fum
7ifzk darmavmufatmifyif xdrdaponfhvD;oGif;rS K _zpfonf?
_r<rif;>zifjuD;juGwufvmonf? a':xm;7ifuapmufywfud k
k7ufay;z d k ht_yi fr Sm zifjuGwufoGm;wmrd k h a':xm;7i fvnf;acgi f ;ud k
juGvd kuf_yD; rdatmif7ufvd kuf7w<f?
_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfuawmh a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfay:rSmt_ywfud k
z duyfvd k h? 7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k7ufay;pkyfay;aeygonf?
a':xm;7i f[m tzkwfud ktir f ;r77ufay;wmc Hae7wJ ht_yi f
_r<rif;7 J hi<fi<fEkE kapmufzkwfav;xJud k ud katmifxl;7 J h juD;rm;wkwf
c d ki fwJ hvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;wd k ;0i faewmud ky g rsufp de J hte D ;uyf _ri fae7awmh
bma_ymaumif;rSmvJ? t_ywfzDvifawGwufaewmayg h?
a' :xm;7i f7 J h zi f ju D ;[mvnf ; <r f ;c gv S Ky f@ S m ;aev d ku fwm
141
wtm;yJ? _r<rif;7J hapmufaphud kwvSnf h | ud katmifxl;7J ha~G;OjuD;awGud k
wvSnf h tm;7yg;7juD;ud k7ufay;vd kuf| pkyfay;vd kufvkyfaew<f?
ud katmi fxl ;tz d k hr S mvnf ; _r<ri f ;qd kw J htys d Kay gufrav;7 J h
apmufacgi f ;usO f ;usO f ;av;uvnf; vd k ;vd k haumif; | a':xm;7ifqd kwJ h
r de f;rjuD;u a~G;OawGud kp kyfay;aewmuvnf; <m;usdus de J hc Hvd k haumif;rd k h
t7rf;ud kZ dr fawG haewmayg h?
' ga jumi f hv D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;tqH k ;0i f atmi f x d k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;wme J h
7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufawmhwmygyJ?
_r<rif;[m toufomi<fw<f? ^Smuodyfxefwmqdkawmh
ud katmi fxl ;tm;uke fti fuke faqmi f hv d k ;wmud k r_z H Kb l ; ? zi f juD ;ud k
aumhay;vd kuf| vSKyf<rf;ay;vd kufeJ h _rde f _r de fjuD;ud ktvdk;c Haew<f?
tdyfcef;xJrSmawmh toHrs d K ;p H kqlnHaewmyJ?
Þ bGyf- -zkwf bGyfAspf- -zkwfzkwf ß
'gu _r<rif;&J hapmufzkwfud k ud katmifxl;u wtm;aqmif h
vd k ;aewJ htoH?
142
Þ zwfzwfzwf- -zkwfzwf- -zkwfzwf ß
' DtoHuawmh wtm;aqmif hvd k ;aewJ hud katmi fxl ;7 J hqD ;py fe J h
zifaumhukef;ay;xm;7avwJh _r<rif;7J hzifqH kjuD; @k dufcwfrdoH?
'Dvd k@ k dufcwfrdwmajumif h _r<rif;7J hzifom;qd ki ftdtdjuD;awG[m
wkefueJwke fueJvSKy fcgoGm;w<f?
Þ ysyfysyf- -_yGwfysyfysyf ß
a':xm;7i f7 J h a~ G ;Oud kwvSnf h | apmufap hud kwvSnf h7ufp ky f
ay;aewJhtoHawGuvnf; rwdk;rus<fay:aew<f?
_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfu a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoHawG[m a':xm;7if&J h
apmufzkwfuk d7ufay;aeoHawGeJ h a7maxG;_yD;ay:aew<f?
ud katmifxl;7J haqmif hcsufjurf;jurf;awG'^fajumif h xifyg7J h?
cHwifjuD;uvnf; w0kef;0ke f;vSKyfcg<rf;aew<f?
143
vyfuD;a[mfw<f7J h oD;oef htdyf7mcef;xJrSmrd k h awmfao;wmayg h?
wtdrfe J hwtdr f wHcg;wcsyfz Gi f hpmavmufom_cm;wJ h7yfuGufxJ
rSmomqdk7if 'Dvd kaomif;usef;yH krs d K ;e J hawmh aumif;aumif;_y\emwuf
rSm trSefyJ? tdrfcJe J htaygufrcH77if uHaumif;?
ud katmi fxl ;[mvnf; bDvl ;p D ;ovd k _zp faew<f? ' Dvl[m
tpuwnf;uud k r de f ;rvd k ;wJ hae7mr Sm jurf;jurf ;7r f ;7r f ;vky fwwf
wJhvl?
tc kv d k umr7ru fp dw f aw Gxaew J htc g y d kq d k ;wmay g h ?
enf;enf;av;rSr!Smbl;? @S dor#tiftm;awGtukefoH k ; _y D ; 7uf7ufpuf
pufud k aqmif hvd k ;aewm?
' Dvd kaqmif hvd k ;ae7if ; cs d Ki f ;atmufuvufv# d K _y D ; _r<rif;7 J h
a @ $ 7i ft H ku d k r! S mrwmu d k _ yw fv k rww fu d kq G J e< f ao;w< f ?
Ed k hoD;acgif;awGud k qdwfqG Jw<f?
td k- -_r<rif;7J hE d k hwifr[kwfygbl;? atmufbufu a':xm;7if
7J hE d k htH ktdtdxGm;xGm;juD;ud kyg vSrf;qkyfud ki fwm?
144
_r<rif ;7 J hwi fy g ; juD ;awGud kvnf; vuf0g ;e J h@ k du faevd kufwm
wzse f ;zse f ;y J? _yD ;awmh zifom;juD;E Sp f _crf ;ud kvnf; vufESp fbufe J h
ususeeudki f_yD; qGJqG J _z Jay;aeao;w<f?
zifom;ESpf_crf;ud kqG J _z JawmhrS ptd k0av;vJ_yJ_yJxGufvmwmayg h?
_r<rif;[mzifvd k ;c Hz l;wJ hr de f;uav;qdkawmh 'Dvd kt_zJcH7wJ htcg zif0u
<m;usdus de J h _zpfvmw<f? zifvd k;c Hcsifpdwfav;awGay:vmw<f?
tJ' Dr Smwif ud katmi fxl ;u zifaygufav;xJud k ol hvufr
qwfueJxd k;xnfhvd kufw<f?
Þ atmifr<fav;- -OD;av;juD;7J h tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm
@Sif h- -orD;zifud kygvd k ;ay;prf;ygOD;av;juD;7J h ß
_r<ri f ;av; b<fvd kuaeb<fvd k _zp fo Gm ;w<frody gb l ; ?
tzkwfuke f ;7ufay;ae7mu acgi f ;ud karmhwuf_y D ; tirf;r7a_ymvd kuf
rdw<f?
'Dpum;u a':xm;7ifud ka7m| udkatmifxl;ud kyg tH hjooGm;ap
145
w<f? [kwfw<fav? olwd k hu tysd Kppfppfav;vd k hxifaejuwm?
tck_r<rif;a_ymvd kufyH ku umrpyf<SufrS K0g7if h _y D; zifvd k ;wm
ud ky g t7om@S d@ S dc HaewwfwJ hwu<f hr de f ;rjuD;awG tmomirf ;ir f ;e J h
a_ymaeyH krs d K ;r[kwfvm;?
'dvd ka_ymyH kud kaxmuf7if _r<rif;wpfa<muf zifvd k ;c Hz l;@ k Hwif
ruyJ zifc H7wmud kvnf; pG Jruft7omawG haew<fqd kwm ody fud k
xif@ Sm;ae_yD?
zifrcHzl;7if b<f'Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;a_ymrSmvJ? _yD;awmh zifawmif
cHz l;r Sawmh tzkwfuvnf; tvdk;cHz l;_yD;om;qd kwm odEd li faeyg_yD?
@ kwfw7uftH hjooGm;wJ hud katmifxl;[m remvd kp dwfvnf;ay:
vmw<f? b<fol haumi f hom;ursm; _r<rif ;qd kwJ h q<fausm fouf
aumi fri<fi<fav;ud k zi fa7m| apmufz kw fy g y<fy<fe<fe<f
vd k ;oGm;wmygvdrf h?
' Davmufawmif_zpfvSwJ haumifrav; oda7mayg hvd k h pdwfxJu
146
judwfjudrf;0g;_yD; _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfxJuvD;acsmif;xJud k qG Jxkwf
vd kufw<f?
' D aemu fawm h zi f0r S mw Haw G ;u d k x G Due J ax G ;c sv d ku f _y D ;
vD;ud kqwfueJawhvd k h wtm;ud kaqmif hxk d ;csvd kufygawmhw<f?
umrp dwfawGt7r f ;wufjuGae_y D ; r ke f< d kw J hqi f@ k di f ;av;vd k
_zp faewmajumi f h acsm ho Gi f ;z d k hw d k h | 7p f _y D ;vSnf ho Gi f ;z k d hw d k hu d kawmi f
rpOf;pm;Ed li fawmhygbl;?
wp fc sufwnf ;e J hu d k vD ;wp fac smi f ;v H k ;0i fatmi f wtm;ud k
aqmif hoGif;ypfvd kufwm?
rSwfua7myJ?
Þ Aspf- -bGyf_Ad_Ad_Ad- - ß
vD;0ifcsuftawmfud kjurf;w<f?
usOf;juyfaewJhzifacgif;aygufav;xJ vD;acsmif;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k;
147
7uf7ufpufpufxd k;azguf0ifoGm;wJ htoHu tawmfus<fw<f?
atmufbufrSm@ S daewJ ha':xm;7ifqd k 7ifawmifwke foGm;wmyJ?
a':xm;7if[m udkatmifxl;zifaqmfwmudk ukd<fwd kifcHzl;xm;wmqdkawmh
'Dvd kaqmif hcs7if b<favmufemr<fqdkwm odwmaygh? _r<rif;ud k<fpm;
vnf; ausmcsrf;oGm;w<f?
_r<rif ;vm;? tif;- -'Davmuf@ Snf _y D ; ' DavmufwkwfwJ h
v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;u d k r! Smrwm| wp fc su fwnf ;e J htqH k ; zi f ac gi f ;x J
aqmif htoGif;cH7wm remyJaervm;? tonf;cd kufatmifud k emwmayg h?
zif0qdkwmvnf; uGJ_yJxGufvkrwwfyJ? usdef;pyf_yD;t7rf;emw<f?
'gayr<fh- - -?
apmapmuapmufzkwfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;_yD; cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif h
vd k ;wmcHxm;7vd k h _r<rif;[m Ø_yD ; × vkvk_zpfaew<f? 'Dvd kta_c
taerSm apmufzkwfxJuvD;juD;qG Jxkwf_yD; zifacgif;aygufxJw@S de fxk d ;
aqmif hoGif;wmcHvd kuf7wJhtcg csufcsif;yJ umrt7omtxGyftxdyfud k
wufvSrf;a7muf@S d _y D; wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;7ygawmhw<f?
148
tJ' Dawmh emwmawGa7m| Ø_y D ; × oGm;vd k haumif ;wmawGa7m
tm;vH k;a7maxG;ukefwmayg h?
emwmvm;| aumif;wmvm;qd kwmud kawmif cG J _cm;rodEd li fawmh
ygbl;?
apmufzkwfxJu t7nfjunfawG<k dp dr f hxGufusvmurS wtm;
ygy J ? ud katmi fxl ;tzkwfud kpvd k ;uwnf;u apmuf7nfjunfawGu
pd k@ $ Jaeav_yDav? tckwpfcs Dt_ywf Ø_yD; × oGm;vd k h t7nfjunfawG
xyfrH<d kp drf hxGufusvmwJhtcg apmufacgif;aygufxJrSm apmuf7nfjunf
awG_ynf hv# Huke fwmayg h?
tzkwfxJuvD;ud k xkwf<loGm;_yDqd kawmh apmufywfrSmvnf;
twm;tqD ;bmr Sr@ S d awm hb l ;av? ' Dawm hapmuf7nf junfawG[m
atmufbufud k pufpuf| pufpufeJ h<k dusoGm;awmhwmygyJ?
' Dtcs de fr Sma':xm;7ifuvnf; _r<rif;7J hapmufywfud k yg;pyfe J h
p ky fay;| @SmeJ h7ufay;vkyfaew<fav? apmufywfxJu<dkp D;xGufusvm
wJh apmuf7nfjunfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a':xm;7if7J hyg;pyfxJa7muf
ukefwmayg h?
149
_r<rif;[m tckrStouf 14 ESpfomomavmufom@S dao;wJ h
EkEkxGwfxGwfcsmwdwfrav;awG? aoG;om;awGu Ekopfoefhpifaew<fav?
vD;eJhxdawGhumpqdkawmh apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf; wu<fhudkvwfqwf
w<f?
b<fvd ka_ym7rvJ? [d k tke f ;E d k h!Sp fwJ htcg OD;7nfuodyfud k
tqDtESpf _ynf h0ovdkrs d K ;ayg h?
q7mra':xm;7if[m @Si f ;@ Si f ;a_ym77if tckrSy Jr de f ;rcsi f ;csi f ;
apmufz kwf7ufay;z l ;wm? ' Dvd ktz kwf7ufay; | apmufap hp ky fay;wJ h
tajumif;awGud k pmtkyfawGxJrSm zwfzl;xm;wmyJ@S dwm?
_r<rif;7J hapmufywfav;xJu apmuf7nfjunfawG<k dp dr f hp D ;us
vmawmh axG;xkwfypfzd k hp dwful;rdao;w<f?
'gayr<fh tysdKeH hav;oif;aewJh 'Dt7nfjunfawGrSm qGJaqmifrSK
wpfckc k@ S daeovdky J? _yD;awmh 'Dt7nfjunfawGyg;pyfxJpD;0ifa7muf@S d
vmwJhtcg juufoD;wzsef;zse f; | ausmwcsrf;csrf;e J h t7rf;ud kz Dvifwuf
vmw<f?
150
'gajumif h@ G H@ SmraeEd li fawmhyJ <d kp dr f htHusvmwJhapmuf7nfjunf
awGud k yg;pyfe J hp ky f<l_yD; tm;7yg;7ud k rs d Kaomufcsvd kufrdw<f?
cy fr Se fr Se faqmi f hw<fqd kayr<f h tm;uawmht_ynf hy gw<f?
zif0[maqmif hcsuf'^fajumif h usde f;pyfvmayr<fh _r<rif;b<fvd kr S
_iif;qefawmif;yefzk d h pdwfrul;ygbl;?
zifZdr fawG hae_yDav? emjuifrS Ka7m_yGr f;wJ humrt7omudkvnf;
t_ywfcHpm;7ae_yDav?
wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;vd k h avsmhyg;usoGm;awmhr<fh 7rufpdwfqEN
awG[mvnf ; ud katmi fx l ;7 J h cy f jur f ; jur f ;zi fv d k ;ay ;aer S Ka jumi f h
_ye f _y D ;E d k ;juGvm7w<f?
tif;- -armifarmifzifaqmfwmcH7wkef;uvdkrs d K ; _zpf7awmhrSm
y gvm;qd kwmud k _r<ri f ;odvd ku f _y D ? 'gayr<f ht J' Dvd kr _zp f7atmi f
b<fvd kr S xdef;csKyfwm;qD;Ed li f _cif;awmh r@S dygbl;?
td k- -_zpfvd k7mawG_zpfygapawmh? tckavmavmq<f zifvd k;c
cHwm odyfaumif;aewmyJ[m? quf_yD;tvdk;c Hvd kuf@k Hayg h?
151
'DvljuD;ud katmifxl;ud kvnf; rdrdud kt7omaumif;aumif;c Hpm;
7atmi f vky fay; | azsm fa _zay;aewJ h tvd k ;orm;wpfa<mufvd k hy J
oabmxm;vd kufr<f? 'gqd k _y D;a7m?
'gajumif h _r<rif;[m udkatmifxl;zifvd k ;aewmudk _rde f h _r de f hjuD;
cH7if; atmufbufuaygif_z Jay;xm;wJ h a':xm;7if7J hapmufzkwfud kvnf;
oJoJr Jr Jud k uke f ; _y D ;7ufay;aew<f? zifqH kjuD;ud ka0h0 d kuf<rf;ay;ae
vd kufwmuvnf; a_ymraeygeJ hawmh?
atmufbufuq7mra':xm;7i f[mvnf; t7r f ;ud kv l ;vGe f h
aumhys Hvmae_yD? _r<rif;7ufay;aewJ hapmufz kwfxJuvnf; t7nf
junfawGt_ywfpd kvm_yD? q7mra':xm;7ifrjumcif Ø_yD;× awmhr<f
qd kwmud k _r<rif;odw<f?
ol hq7mrud k' Dvd k _y D ;atmif olud k<fwd ki fvky fay;Ed li fw<fqd kwm
udkvnf; _r<rif;auseyfaerdw<f?
o l h zi fu d kv d k ; aew J h u d k atmi fx l ;7 J h aqmi f h c su faw Guvnf ;
_refvmw<f? vD;0ifoHxGufoHawGu pufaoewfoHawGvd k qufwd kuf
152
ay:xGufaew<f? zifvd k ;aewJhud katmifxl;uvnf; rjumcifokwf7nf
awGyef;xkwfay;awmhr<fqd kwm _r<rif;odw<f?
ud katmifxl;u olhzifacgif;aygufxJrSmyJ okwfv$wfay;rSmvm;?
okwfv$wfc ge D ;r S zi fay gufxJuvD;ud k tz kwfxJa_ymi f ;x d k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;
apmufz kwfxJr Sm v7nfawGye f ;xnf hay;r Smvm;qd kwmud k _r<rif ;
awG;junfhrdw<f?
apmufzkwfxJrSmyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xnfhxnfh | zifacgif;ayguf
xJrSmyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xnfhxnfh | aumif;rSmcsnf;qd kwm _r<rif;
vufawG ho dxm; _y D ;y g _y Daem f ? jud KufwJ htaygufxJr Smye f ;xnf hy gap?
taxGtxl;pOf;pm;ta_z@Smraeawmhygbl;?
Þ aqmi f h y g O D ; av; ju D ;7 J h - -or D ;zi fu d kwtm;aqmi f h _ y D ;
vd k ;ay;yg? trav;- -aumif;vd kufwmaemf ß
_r<rif ;[m tzkwf7ufay;ae7mu acgi f ;av;tomjuG _y D ;
ud katmifxl;ud k tm;ay;tm;aÕrmufoabmrs d K ; a_ymvd kufao;w<f?
i<fi<fEkEkaumifrav;u 'Dvd ka_ymqdkvmawmh udkatmifxl;
153
uvnf; b<fvd katmif htnf;aeEd li fr SmvJ? @S dor#tm;awGtukefoH k ; _y D ;
7uf7ufa7ma7mjuD;ud k aqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kufwmayg h?
aqmif hcsufawGu _yif;rS_yif;? atmif hueJ_zpf_yD;emjuifayr<fh
aumif;wmuvnf;odyfaumif;wmrd k h _r<rif;[mt_ywfud kzifaumhay;
xm;w<f? judKufoavmufaqmif hprf;?
_r<rif;7 J haoG;om;awGuvnf; t7rf;ud kE d k ;jum;vmju_yef_y D?
' kwd<tcsD xyfØ_yD;×awmhr<f?
_r<ri f ;& J haoG ;om;awG[m Ø_y D ; × oGm;wJ htcg c Hpm;7r<f h
umrt7omtxGwftxdy fud k jud Kqd kaeju_y Dav? td k- -' Dwpfcs D
xyf_yD;7if apmapmuxufud k yd kjurf;rSm? wpfud k<fvH k ;aumhys Hwuf_yD;
wkefwcd kufcd kufud k _zpfoGm;7rSm?
[kwfw<fav? 'g[m zi fc Hw J htcg7@ S dw J hq kv' fwp fr s d K ;y J ?
zi fvd k ;c H7i f ; Ø_y D ; × 7wmu| apmufz kwftvd k ;c H7i f ; Ø_y D ; × 7wmeJ h
rwlbl;av? yd kjurf;w<f? yd k' D~7D _ri f hw<f? yd k _y D ;vnf;tm;aumif;
w<f?
tJ- -oH k ;a<mufteufrSm a':xm;7if[m t7ifqH k ; _y D ;oGm;
154
w<f? yg;pyfuwtpftpfnnf;7if; _r<rif;7J hapmufzkwfud k t_ywf
iH kc Jp ky f<lay;vd kufw<f? yg;pyfcsif;z duyfpkyferf;wJ hoabmrs d K ;?
q7mra':xm;7i f Ø _y D ; × oGm ; _y D _zp fajumi f ;o dvd ku fwJ htcg
_r<rif;7J haoG;om;awGu yd kaomif;usef;vmjuw<f? tzkwfxJuvnf;
t_ywfvSKyf@ Sm;vmw<f? zifvd k ;ay;aewJ hud katmifxl;ud k wef_yeftm;
ay;wJ htaeeJ h zifqH kjuD;ud k t7rf;aumhyif hay;vd kufw<f?
'Daemufawmh_r<rif;[m yg;pyfuwtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmf[pf
a7@Gwf7if; wpfud k<fvH k ;wDqm;eJ hwd k hovd k wGef hvdefaumhys H _y D; t7rf;
uma7mud kapmuf7nfjunfawG<d kp dr f hvd k h cyfjurf;jurf;juD;wpfcs D Ø_yD;×
oGm;7ygawmhw<f?
ol ha@S hr Smtrs d K ;orD;ESp fa<muf qufwd kufqd kovdkcyfjurf;jurf;
_y D ;uke f juwmud k _ri f7awmh ud katmifxl;vnf;b<fquf_y D ;xde f ;xm;
Ed li fr SmawmhvJ?
_r<rif;7J hzifacgi f;aygufuvnf; ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k wtm;
zspf!SpfqG Jp kyfaejuw<fav?
155
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -tm;tD;- - ß
ud katmifxl;[m tHjudwfa7@Gwf_yD; aemufqH k;wpfcsuft_zpf
vD;ud kzifaygufxJ wtm;ukefaqmif hoGif;vd kufw<f?
Þ bGyf- -Aspf- - ß
Þ trav;- -OD;av;juD;7J h tm; ß
_r<rif;7J hyg;pyfu atmfoHav;ay:vmw<f?
tJ'Dtcd kufrSmyJ zifacgif;xJtqHk;_rKyf0ifaeavwJhvD;acsmif;juD;
xdyfu okwf7nf_zL_zLyspfyspfawG[m yef;xGufukefawmhwmygyJ?
7rufpdwfodyfxefaecs de fr d k h okwfxGufuvnf; tawmfud kjurf;
w<f? rsm;vnf;rsm;w<f? udkatmifxl;awmif tH hjooGm;rdw<f?
ol rde f ;rcsvmwm tawmfrsm;yg_y D? 'Davmufokwf7nfawG
trsm;juD;rxGufz l ;ao;bl;? _yD ;awmh 'Daumifrav;_r<rif;ud kcswm
avmufvnf; wcgrStm;oGe fc Ge fp d kufe J h 7uf7ufa7ma7maqmif hray;cJ h
156
zl;ao;bl;?
tckwu<f hud k tm;uke faqmi f hvd k ;ay;vd kuf7wm? _y D ;awmh
aumifrav;7J hzifacgif;xJu olhvD;uaewqifh olh7J htiftm;tqDtESpf
r Se for#ud k !Spfxkwfpkyf<loGm;ovdkygyJ?
okwfvnf;v$wfxkwf_y D;a7m ud katmifxl;vnf;arm[k dufEH k ;acG
oGm;ygw<f?
' g a jumi f h _ r<ri f ;tay: x d k ; ar S mu f _ y D ;t dy f c sv d ku fw<f ?
' Dvd kolwd k hoH k ;a<mufom; wpfa<muftay:wpfa<mufxyfv#ufom;
vJusoGm;juygw<f?
okwfv$wf_y D ;vd k haysm hoGm;wJ hvD;[mvnf; _r<rif;7 J hzi fayguf
uae _yGwfqd kuÈwf_yKwfxGufoGm;w<f? _r<rif;7J hzifacgif;xJrSmawmh
ud katmifxl;v$wfxkwfay;xm;wJ h okwf7nfawG_ynf hv# HaewmyJ?
armifarmifzifvd k ;wkef;u xnfhay;xm;wJ harmifarmif h7 J hokwf7nf
awGeJ h tckxyf0ifvmwJhud katmifxl;7J hokwf7nfawG olhzifacgif;ayguf
xJrSmaygif;r djuukef_yDvm;vd k hawmif _r<rif;xifrdw<f?
157
_r<rif;[m tomav;rS de f ;aew<f? umrt7omudk w_rde f h _r de f h
c Hpm;aewmav? tJ- -umrt7omt_ynf ht0cHpm;7_yD ;vd k hvm;awmh
rodbl;? _r<rif ;7 J hO D ;aE Smuf[mvnf; t_ywfud k junfvifaew<f?
ud katmifxl;ud kb<fvd kud ki f7r<fqd kwm tjuHxkwfpOf;pm;aew<f?
a[m- -tjuH7_yD?
_r<rif;7J hacgif;xJrSm tjuHaumif;wpfck_zwfueJ7vmwJhtcs de f
r S my J u d k atmi fx l ;uvnf ; o l hu d k< fay :utomqi f ;o G m ;w<f ?
ud katmifxl;7J hacgif;xJrSmawmh _r<rif;qd kwJ haumifrav;ud k b<fvd k
y H kp Hrs d K ;e J hxyfvd k ;77if aumif;rvJvd k hpOf;pm;aeav7J h?
tckavmavmq<fawmh aysmhusaewJhol hvD;juD;_yefrwfawmif
vmatmif _r<rif;ud kvD;pkyfc d ki f ;7ifaumif;r<fvd k h pOf;pm;vd kufcs de fr SmyJ
_r<rif;uqwfueJx7yfvm_yD; avoHat;at;eJ ha_ymw<f?
Þ uJ- -@SifoGm;Ed li f _y D? aemufqd k uÈefrwd k he J h@ Si fbmrSywfouf
p7mr@S dawmhbl; ß
158
` aumifrav;a_ymvd kufyH ku at;at;aq;aq;eJ h cyfwnfwnfrd k h
@ kwfw7ufud katmifxl;tH htm;oif hoGm;w<f?
aemufrS rxdwxd_yH K;vd kuf_yD;- - -?
Þ ajomf- -rif;u ig hud karmif;xkwfw<fayg h [kwfvm; ß
Þ [kwfw<f? @Si fat;at;aq;aq;xGufoGm;7ifaumif;r<f?
r[kwf7if @Sif' kuQawG hvdrf hr<f ß
Þ bm vmacsao;? igu bm'kuQawG h7rSmvJ ß
Þ uÈe frtc koufqk di f7mud kw d ki fv d ku f7i f @ Si faxmi fusoGm;
rSmayg h- - ß
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -7<f7w<fa[h? eifwd k he J hig ESpfO D;oabmwl
vd k;juaqmfjuwmyJ? eifwd k huvnf; igvd k ;wmjudKufvd k h cHjuukef;ju
wm? bmvJ? rk' de f ;usi f hw<f? bmnmeJ hvky fjuHtrS Kwd ki frvd k hvm;?
r7bl;av ß
159
_r<rif;uawmh cyfat;at;ygyJ?
Þ [kw fy gw<f ? E Sp f O D ;oabmwlv ky f juwmy gy J ? @ Si fu
tvd k ;vnf ;awm fy gw<f? 'gayr<f h@ Si far hae_y Dxi fw<f? uÈe fru
toufr_ynfhao;bl;@Si f h? q<fhav;ESpfyJ@ S dao;w<f? 'Dawmh uÈefru
oabmwlwl| rwlwl uÈefrudkvkyfwJhtwGuf @SifaxmifusEd lifwmuawmh
aocsmw<f? 'Dawmh tckat;at;aq;aq;xGufoGm;7if taumif;qH k;yJ?
a7mh- -vrf;p7dwfr@S d7if<loGm;- - ß
_r<ri f ;u ai Go H k ;7myp fay;vd ku fw<f? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;w d k hq Du
qGJvmwJhaiGawGav?
ud katmi fxl ;uvnf; Øvlt× wpfa<mufawmhr[kwfygbl ;?
_yD;awmh tckta_ctaerSm olubmqHk;@S H K ;p7m@S dvd k hvJ? _zL_zLawmif h
awmifharmfv_rdKifoljuD;wpfa<mufeJh i<fi<fEkEkcsmwdwfav;wa<mufudk
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160
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