1 the alto and ethernet system xerox parc in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · delete undelete new...

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10/17/06 Alto Personal Distributed Computing 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970s Butler Lampson Microsoft Research October 17, 2006

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Page 1: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g1

The

Alto

and

Eth

erne

t Sys

tem

Xer

ox P

AR

C in

the

1970

�s

But

ler L

amps

onM

icro

soft

Res

earc

hO

ctob

er 1

7, 2

006

Page 2: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g2

Influ

ence

s��O

n th

e sh

ould

ers o

f gia

nts�

■A

RPA

com

mun

ity❏

Man

-com

pute

r sym

bios

is�

Lick

lider

❏Ti

me-

shar

ing:

CTS

S, S

DS

940,

Ten

ex❏

Enge

lbar

t�s O

n-Li

ne S

yste

m❏

Flex

mac

hine

�K

ay❏

Arp

anet

❏A

loha

pac

ket r

adio

net

wor

k■

Xer

ox�

�Off

ice

of th

e fu

ture

�❏

The

elec

troni

c of

fice

Page 3: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g3

Alto

in C

onte

xt

Page 4: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g4

Org

aniz

atio

n

■C

SL❏

Har

dwar

e: A

lto, E

ther

net

❏O

S, L

angu

ages

(BC

PL, M

esa,

Lis

p)❏

Prin

ting,

file

serv

ers

❏N

etw

orki

ng❏

Bra

vo (→

Wor

d), D

raw

(→Ill

ustra

tor)

, fon

ts❏

Gra

pevi

ne (e

mai

l tra

nspo

rt, se

rver

)❏

Laur

el (e

mai

l clie

nt)

■SS

L❏

Prin

ting,

file

serv

ers

❏Sm

allta

lk❏

Gyp

sy (→

Wor

d)❏

Mar

kup

(→Pa

int)

Page 5: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g5

Tim

elin

e

■19

60s

Tim

e-sh

arin

g, S

ketc

hpad

, NLS

■19

70s

Xer

ox P

AR

CA

lto, E

ther

net,

lase

r prin

ters

Bra

vo, D

raw

, Pup

, Sm

allta

lkA

ltair,

App

le II

Inte

rnet

■19

80s

81X

erox

Sta

r, IB

M P

C84

Mac

into

sh, L

aser

writ

er, M

S W

ord/

Exce

l■

1990

sW

indo

ws,

Web

Page 6: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g6

Them

es

But a

man

�s re

ach

shou

ld e

xcee

d hi

s gra

sp, o

r w

hat�s

a h

eave

n fo

r? �

Bro

wni

ng■

Com

pute

rs c

an b

e us

ed a

s too

ls to

hel

p pe

ople

th

ink

and

com

mun

icat

e❏

Lick

lider

❏A

RPA

tim

e-sh

arin

g an

d ne

twor

king

❏En

gelb

arta

nd N

LS❏

Ala

n K

ay a

nd F

lex

■X

erox

: Off

ice

of th

e Fu

ture

❏H

ow d

o w

e gr

ow a

fter c

opie

rs?

Page 7: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g7

Pers

onal

Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g

■Pe

rson

al❏

Und

er th

e co

ntro

l of a

per

son

and

serv

es h

is n

eeds

. ❏

Perf

orm

ance

is p

redi

ctab

le, a

nd fa

st e

noug

h❏

Rel

iabl

e an

d av

aila

ble.

Not

too

hard

to u

se

■D

istri

bute

d❏

Ever

ythi

ng in

the

real

wor

ld is

dis

tribu

ted

❏Th

e co

mpu

ter i

s a c

omm

unic

atio

n de

vice

❏Pe

rson

al +

com

mun

icat

ion

= di

strib

uted

❏N

eed

to sh

are

expe

nsiv

e de

vice

s too

, esp

. prin

ters

■C

ompu

ting

❏W

e pr

ogra

mm

ed, b

ut u

sers

did

n�t

Page 8: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g8

Info

rmat

ion

Con

veni

ent F

or A

Per

son

■U

nive

rsal

❏A

ny (b

lack

-and

-whi

te) i

mag

e, d

ata,

any

softw

are

▬W

ords

, pic

ture

s, m

usic

, ...

❏Sp

ecia

lize

with

softw

are

■In

k on

pap

er❏

Pres

ent i

mag

es❏

Poin

t at p

lace

s in

the

imag

e■

The

Alto

can

do

this

qui

te w

ell

❏Fo

r a si

ngle

8.5

" x 1

1" sh

eet o

f pap

er❏

With

bla

ck in

k❏

No

rest

rictio

ns o

n th

e fo

rm o

f the

imag

es❏

Can

not r

ead

imag

es■

Voi

ce a

nd o

ther

soun

ds.

❏La

ter,

less

impo

rtant

Page 9: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g9

Prin

cipl

es

■�T

ime

mac

hine

��si

mul

ate

the

futu

re■

Use

wha

t you

bui

ld❏

Goo

d fo

r tex

t, pi

ctur

es, p

rintin

g, so

und,

em

ail

❏B

ad fo

r spr

eads

heet

s, da

taba

ses

■Pe

rson

al m

achi

ne❏

�Peo

ple

are

fast

, mac

hine

s are

slow

�❏

Perf

orm

ance

is p

redi

ctab

le■

No

gran

d pl

an fo

r the

syst

em: i

nteg

ratio

n❏

Not

eno

ugh

expe

rienc

e, c

ycle

s or m

emor

y❏

Ope

n O

S, w

orld

-sw

ap❏

Exce

ptio

n: S

mal

ltalk

Page 10: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g10

Alto

Har

dwar

e

■0.

3 M

IPS

■12

8 K

B R

AM

■2.

5 M

B d

isk

■3

Mbi

tEth

erne

t❏

for 5

0 A

ltos

■60

0x80

0 x

l dis

play

■$1

2,00

0 to

mak

e

Page 11: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g11

Alto

Blo

ck D

iagr

am

uCod

e

I/O

RA

M

Com

pute

Reg

iste

rs

Page 12: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g12

Har

dwar

e

■M

oore

�s la

w: l

ive

in th

e fu

ture

if y

ou c

an■

Pric

eX

C

PU

RA

M D

isk

Net

Alto

MIP

SM

B

M

BM

B/s

■19

74: A

lto$4

0k1

0.3

0.1

2.5

.05

■19

84: M

ac$3

k1

10.

51.

5.0

3

■19

95: P

C$3

k10

050

1630

0.1

■20

06: P

C$1

k10

000

2000

1000

300G

100

Page 13: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g13

Har

dwar

e C

ompa

rison

12$1

,000

to b

uy$1

2,00

0 to

mak

eC

ost

100K

250

GB

2.5/

5 M

BD

isk

capa

city

300

1 G

bEt

hern

et3

Mb

Ethe

rnet

Net

wor

k

4

(pix

els)

128

(bits

)16

00 x

120

0 x

3260

6 x

808

x 1

Dis

play

pix

els

8.5

100

ns85

0 ns

RA

M a

cces

s

8000

1 G

B12

8 K

BR

AM

size

500

3 G

Hz

6 M

Hz

CPU

clo

ck

Fact

orD

eskt

op P

C20

06A

lto,

1973

Item

Page 14: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g14

Key

Idea

s For

Har

dwar

e

■K

ISS

❏H

ad to

be

chea

p en

ough

to b

uild

lots

of t

hem

■B

itmap

dis

play

❏D

ispl

ay a

nyth

ing

�lik

e pa

per

■Pr

ogra

mm

able

at a

ll le

vels

❏C

ould

cha

nge

the

inst

ruct

ion

set a

nd a

dd n

ew

oper

atio

ns e

asily

■Fl

exib

le a

nd p

ower

ful i

nput

-out

put

❏Et

hern

et a

nd L

aser

Prin

ter c

ontro

llers

wer

e ad

d-in

s■

Dis

tribu

ted

syst

em❏

Con

nect

man

y sy

stem

s tog

ethe

r with

Eth

erne

t

Page 15: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g15

Alto

In U

se

Page 16: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g16

Alto

Aw

aitin

g R

esto

ratio

n

Page 17: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g17

Ethe

rnet

■C

SMA

/CD

❏B

ased

on

Alo

ha❏

Col

lisio

n de

tect

❏Ex

p. B

acko

ff■

3 M

bits

/sec

■Sh

ared

by

50 A

ltos

■R

epea

ters

■M

uch

late

r, sw

itche

s

Page 18: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g18

Lase

r Prin

ters

■M

arria

ge o

f Xer

ogra

phy

and

Com

putin

g■

EAR

S w

as th

e fir

st (1

974)

prin

t ser

ver

❏E

ther

net

❏A

lto❏

Res

earc

h C

hara

cter

Gen

erat

or❏

Scan

ning

Las

er O

utpu

t Ter

min

al■

1 co

py/s

econ

d, 5

00 d

ots/

inch

■Lo

wer

-cos

t and

col

or v

ersi

ons d

evel

oped

late

r❏

Dov

er: 3

00 d

pi, s

mal

l Alto

inte

rfac

e. 1

00 c

opie

s■

Xer

ox u

nder

stoo

d it,

bui

lt a

succ

essf

ul b

usin

ess

Page 19: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g19

SLO

T Pr

inte

r, 19

72

Page 20: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g20

The

softw

are

■Pr

ogra

mm

ing

■Se

rver

s■

Use

r int

erfa

ce■

App

licat

ions

■So

ftwar

e is

�th

ough

t-stu

ff�

Page 21: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g21

Prog

ram

min

g: O

S, la

ngua

ges

■M

ain

prob

lem

: liv

e w

ith

❏.1

MIP

S, 1

28 K

B R

AM

, 5 M

B d

isk

■O

S: fi

les,

prog

ram

s, ne

twor

k, c

omm

and

line

❏O

pen:

get

rid

of a

ny p

arts

you

don

�t ne

ed❏

Wor

ld-s

wap

to c

hang

e en

viro

nmen

ts■

Lang

uage

s❏

BC

PL: f

athe

r of C

❏M

esa

❏Sm

allta

lk

Page 22: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g22

Serv

ers

■N

etw

ork:

Eth

erne

t and

Pup

❏Fi

rst i

nter

net:

Ethe

rnet

, Arp

anet

, pho

ne li

nes,

...■

Prin

ting

❏3

gene

ratio

ns o

f las

er p

rinte

r har

dwar

e❏

3 ge

nera

tions

of i

mag

ers:

Ear

s, Pr

ess,

Inte

rpre

ss■

File

s❏

�Int

erim

� fil

e sy

stem

❏R

esea

rch

file

syst

ems

■Em

ail

❏Te

nex

Arp

anet

em

ail

❏G

rape

vine

dis

tribu

ted

nam

ing

and

emai

l

Page 23: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g23

Use

r int

erfa

ces

■W

indo

ws

❏Sm

allta

lk p

ione

ered

ove

rlapp

ing

win

dow

s❏

Oth

er so

ftwar

e us

ed ti

led

win

dow

s

Page 24: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g24

Smal

ltalk

■C

ompl

ete

syst

em❏

OO

lang

uage

❏In

tegr

ated

edi

t/deb

ug❏

Win

dow

s❏

BitB

lt

Page 25: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g25

Bra

vo

■Fi

rst W

YSI

WY

G e

dito

r■

Prot

otyp

e fo

r MS

Wor

d■

Initi

al id

eas

❏Pi

ece

tabl

e fo

r doc

umen

t❏

Cac

he li

ne b

it m

aps

■La

ter

❏Fo

nts a

nd la

yout

❏H

igh-

qual

ity p

rintin

g❏

Styl

es

■M

odel

ess U

I fro

m G

ypsy

Pers

onal

Dis

trib

uted

Com

putin

g Th

e A

lto a

nd E

ther

net S

oftw

are

But

ler W

. Lam

pson

D

igita

l Equ

ipm

ent C

orp.

Sys

tem

s R

esea

rch

Cen

ter

Abs

trac

t Th

e pe

rson

al d

istri

bute

d co

mpu

ting

syst

em b

ased

on

the

Alto

and

th

e Et

hern

et w

as a

maj

or e

ffor

t to

mak

e co

mpu

ters

hel

p pe

ople

to

thin

k an

d co

mm

unic

ate.

A

co

mpl

ex

and

dive

rse

colle

ctio

n of

so

ftwar

e w

as

built

to

pu

rsue

thi

s go

al,

rang

ing

from

op

erat

ing

syst

ems,

prog

ram

min

g en

viro

nmen

ts,

and

com

mun

icat

ions

so

ftwar

e to

pr

intin

g an

d fil

e se

rver

s, us

er

inte

rfac

es,

and

appl

icat

ions

such

as e

dito

rs, i

llust

rato

rs, a

nd m

ail s

yste

ms.

1. In

trod

uctio

n A

sub

stan

tial

com

putin

g sy

stem

bas

ed o

n th

e A

lto [

Thac

ker

et a

l.

REA

DY

: Sel

ect o

pera

nd o

r typ

e co

mm

and

Last

com

man

d w

as L

OO

K

{A!s

ubst

a...!!w

ay↵

}

{C

ompu

ter..

. ↵X

ERO

X↵

}$

Com

pute

r Sci

ence

Lab

orat

ory

Xer

ox P

alo

Alto

Res

earc

h C

ente

r 33

33 C

oyot

e H

ill R

oad

Palo

Alto

, Cal

iforn

ia 9

4304

XERO

X G

len

J. C

ulle

r 60

8 Li

tchf

ield

Lan

e Sa

nta

Bar

bara

, CA

931

09

Dea

r Gle

n:

This

is a

follo

w-u

p to

ear

lier c

orre

spon

denc

e yo

u re

ceiv

ed fr

om A

lan

Perli

s re

gard

ing

the

AC

M C

onfe

renc

e on

the

His

tory

of

Pers

onal

W

orks

tatio

ns. A

s you

kno

w, t

he c

onfe

renc

e is

sche

dule

d fo

r Jan

uary

Page 26: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g26

Use

r int

erfa

ces

■W

indo

ws

❏Sm

allta

lk p

ione

ered

ove

rlapp

ing

win

dow

s❏

Oth

er so

ftwar

e us

ed ti

led

win

dow

s■

Vie

ws�

com

pute

wha

t you

see

❏Sm

allta

lk b

row

ser

❏B

ravo

mul

tiple

doc

umen

t vie

ws

❏La

urel

em

ail f

olde

rs

Page 27: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g27

Page 28: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g28

?

1 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

TO S

TAR

T Y

OU

R T

UTO

RIA

L SE

SSIO

N:

Poin

t cur

sor a

t �D

ispl

ay�

and

clic

k th

e le

ft m

ouse

but

ton

?

2 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

Dis

play

ing

a se

lect

ed m

essa

ge

?

3 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

Mes

sage

num

ber 3

in T

utor

ial.m

ail

?

4 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

"Del

ete"

and

"Und

elet

e"

?

5 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

Mov

able

bou

ndar

ies

?

6 A

pr. 2

7 La

urel

Supp

ort

Thum

bing

?

7

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

t "N

ew m

ail"

?

8

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

t "H

ardc

opy"

?

9

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

t C

ompo

sing

mes

sage

s ?

10

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

t R

ecip

ient

nam

es

Laur

el 6

Fr

iday

May

1, 1

981

11:0

7 am

PD

TLo

gin

plea

se.

891

free

dis

k pa

ges

Use

r {L

aure

lSup

port.

PA}

New

Mai

l M

ail F

ile {T

utor

ial}

Q

uit

Laur

el E

mai

l Hea

der P

ane

Page 29: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g29

Laur

el/G

rape

vine

■D

istri

bute

d em

ail s

yste

m❏

Mul

tiple

serv

ers

❏N

ames

, mai

lbox

es❏

Even

tual

con

sist

ency

■3-

pane

win

dow

❏H

eade

rs❏

Mes

sage

in❏

Mes

sage

out

?1

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

tTO

STA

RT

YO

UR

TU

TOR

IAL

SESS

ION

:Po

int c

urso

r at �

Dis

play

� an

d cl

ick

the

left

mou

se b

utto

n ?

2A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

Dis

play

ing

a se

lect

ed m

essa

ge ?

3A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

Mes

sage

num

ber 3

in T

utor

ial.m

ail

?4

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

t"D

elet

e" a

nd "

Und

elet

e" ?

5A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

Mov

able

bou

ndar

ies

?6

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

tTh

umbi

ng ?

7A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

"New

mai

l" ?

8A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

"Har

dcop

y" ?

9A

pr. 2

7La

urel

Supp

ort

Com

posi

ng m

essa

ges

?10

Apr

. 27

Laur

elSu

ppor

tR

ecip

ient

nam

es

Laur

el 6

Frid

ay M

ay 1

, 198

1 11

:07

am P

DT

Logi

n pl

ease

.89

1 fr

ee d

isk

page

sU

ser

{ Lau

relS

uppo

rt.PA

} N

ew M

ail

Mai

l File

{ Tut

oria

l}Q

uit

Dat

e: 2

7 A

pril

1981

10:

36 a

m P

DT

(Mon

day)

From

: Lau

relS

uppo

rt.PA

Subj

ect:

TO S

TAR

T Y

OU

R T

UTO

RIA

L SE

SSIO

N: P

oint

cur

sor a

t �D

ispl

ay�

and

clic

k th

e le

ft m

ouse

but

ton

To: @

New

Use

rsW

elco

me

to th

e co

mm

unity

of L

aure

l Use

rs.

Laur

el is

the

Alto

pro

gram

that

serv

es a

s you

r mai

l rea

ding

, com

posi

tion

and

filin

g in

terf

ace

to th

e D

istri

bute

dM

essa

ge S

yste

m.

Sinc

e yo

u ar

e re

adin

g th

is m

essa

ge, y

ou h

ave

alre

ady

lear

ned

tous

e th

e "D

ispl

ay"

com

man

d.W

hile

read

ing

a m

essa

ge in

this

mid

dle

regi

on y

ou h

ave

the

abili

ty to

scro

ll up

and

dow

n as

in B

ravo

, usi

ng th

e do

uble

-hea

ded

arro

w c

urso

r in

the

left

mar

gin.

You

may

als

o no

tice

that

it y

ou h

old

dow

n th

e le

ft or

righ

t mou

se b

utto

n in

the

scro

llar

ea, t

hen

cont

inuo

us sc

rolli

ng is

per

form

ed.

If th

e w

ords

End

of M

essa

ge in

italic

s are

not

vis

ible

, the

n th

ere

is m

ore

mes

sage

to b

e se

en, a

nd y

ou sh

ould

scro

llup

to se

e m

ore.

Whe

n La

urel

star

ted

up, i

t rea

d in

this

mai

l file

nam

ed T

utor

ial.m

ail.

An

inde

xN

ew fo

rm

Ans

wer

Fo

rwar

d G

et

Put

Cop

y R

un

Subj

ect:

?To

pic?

To: ?

Rec

ipie

nts?

cc: ?

Cop

iedT

o?, L

aure

lSup

port

?M

essa

ge?

End

of M

essa

ge

Dis

play

D

elet

e U

ndel

ete

Mov

e to

{ }

Har

dcop

y

Page 30: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g30

Use

r int

erfa

ces

■W

indo

ws

❏Sm

allta

lk p

ione

ered

ove

rlapp

ing

win

dow

s❏

Oth

er so

ftwar

e us

ed ti

led

win

dow

s■

Vie

ws�

com

pute

wha

t you

see

❏Sm

allta

lk b

row

ser

❏B

ravo

mul

tiple

doc

umen

t vie

ws

❏La

urel

em

ail f

olde

rs■

Men

us❏

Mar

kup

had

pop-

up m

enus

❏Sm

allta

lk h

ad th

e fir

st ic

ons

Page 31: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g31

Mar

kup�

s Pop

up M

enu

Page 32: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g32

Use

r int

erfa

ces:

Dis

play

ing

thin

gs

■Im

ages

❏B

it-m

aps (

as in

Pai

nt a

nd P

hoto

shop

)❏

Obj

ect g

raph

ics (

as in

Mac

Dra

w a

nd Il

lust

rato

r)■

Font

s❏

Splin

e ou

tline

s for

scal

able

font

s❏

Scre

en v

ersi

ons h

and-

draw

n�hi

ntin

g m

uch

late

r■

BitB

lt❏

Com

putin

g w

ith re

ctan

gula

r bitm

aps

Page 33: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g33

Mar

kup

■Pu

re b

it-m

ap e

ditin

g❏

Arb

itrar

y im

ages

❏Lo

w re

solu

tion

■Po

pup

men

u

Page 34: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g34

Dra

w

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 19

7273

7475

7677

7879

1980

Bub

bles

Bip

olar

RA

Ms

CM

OS

RA

Ms

Dyn

amic

NM

OS

RAM

s

CC

Ds

Cor

e

cent

s/bi

t

The

trans

form

atio

n is

spe

cifie

d by

six

poi

nts

(say

, in

the

orde

r of i

nput

: P1,

P 2,, P

3, Q

1, Q

2,an

d Q

3). It

is d

efin

ed b

y th

e m

appi

ng o

f the

sou

rce

trian

gle

P1P

2P3 i

nto

the

targ

et tr

iang

leQ

1Q2Q

3 as

illus

trate

d he

re:

tria

ngle

tria

ngle

circ

leci

rcle

Q2

Q3

Q1

P 3P 1

P 2

RE

D

YE

LLO

W

BLU

E

seg

men

t A

P1 P2

seg

men

t X s

egm

ent Y

WES

TER

N E

DIT

ION

Page 35: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g35

SIL

for L

ogic

Dra

win

gs

Page 36: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g36

Ced

ar

Page 37: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g37

App

licat

ions

■W

ritin

g: B

ravo

!M

icro

soft

Wor

d■

Dra

win

g❏

Mar

kup !

Pain

t pro

gram

s❏

Dra

w !

Mac

Dra

w, I

llust

rato

r, Po

wer

poin

t, et

c.❏

Sil!

CA

D p

rogr

ams

■Em

ail:

Laur

el !

mh,

Eud

ora,

Out

look

, etc

.

Page 38: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g38

Wha

t the

Alto

syst

em w

as li

ke

■Ju

st li

ke to

day�

s per

sona

l com

putin

g w

orld

❏W

ritin

g, d

raw

ing,

mus

ic, n

etw

orks

, prin

ting,

em

ail

■Ex

cept

❏Th

e W

eb, s

earc

h en

gine

s❏

Spre

adsh

eets

❏In

tegr

atio

n❏

Spee

d

Page 39: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g39

Boc

a R

aton

�19

76

■B

ig sh

ow-a

nd-te

ll fo

r Xer

ox e

xecs

❏Lo

ts o

f Alto

s❏

Ethe

rnet

❏La

ser p

rinte

rs❏

The

apps

you

�ve

seen

■G

oal:

Get

Xer

ox to

mak

e pr

oduc

ts■

Res

ult:

Syst

ems D

evel

opm

ent D

ivis

ion

❏St

ar o

ffic

e sy

stem

❏Li

mite

d sa

les o

f Alto

off

ice

syst

ems

▬E.

g., t

o W

hite

Hou

se

Page 40: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g40

Wha

t Xer

ox d

id w

ith th

e A

lto

■El

ectro

nic

prin

ting�

man

y bi

llion

s of d

olla

rs■

Xer

ox S

tar�

Off

ice

syst

em■

Fum

bled

the

futu

re?

❏Y

es, b

ut th

e re

al st

ory

is m

ore

inte

rest

ing

■�I

t�s e

asie

r to

get a

ven

ture

cap

italis

t to

give

you

m

oney

than

to p

ersu

ade

the

man

agem

ent o

f a la

rge,

su

cces

sful

com

pany

to tr

y so

met

hing

new

.�

�G

ordo

n M

oore

Page 41: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g41

Xer

ox P

rodu

cts:

Prin

ting

■97

00�

2 pa

ges/

sec

com

pute

r pr

inte

r❏

Bas

ed o

n X

erox

920

0 co

pier

▬H

ence

shee

t fed

, goo

d pa

per h

andl

ing

▬H

ence

blu

e la

ser

❏�C

hara

cter

gen

erat

or�

base

d on

PA

RC

RC

G❏

Com

petit

ion:

IBM

lase

r prin

ter

▬Fa

n-fo

ld p

aper

■Lo

w e

nd p

rinte

rs❏

Firs

t for

Sta

r�80

00 p

rint s

erve

r❏

Late

r OEM

ed, b

ut to

o ex

pens

ive

■In

terp

ress

�an

cest

or o

f Pos

tscr

ipt

Page 42: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g42

Xer

ox P

rodu

cts:

Sta

r Off

ice

Syst

em

■St

ar, s

hipp

ed 1

981

(sam

e as

IBM

PC

)❏

Ran

on

Dan

delio

n pr

oces

sor

■B

uilt

on M

esa

and

Pilo

t❏

Rel

iabl

e, so

mew

hat s

low

■H

ighl

y in

tegr

ated

❏Ed

iting

, spr

eads

heet

, fili

ng, p

rintin

g■

Bes

t off

ice

syst

em fo

r at l

east

10

year

s❏

Rou

ghly

= 1

995

MS

Win

dow

s /O

ffic

e❏

Did

n�t s

ell�

too

expe

nsiv

e, c

lose

d▬

$20-

25k/

wor

ksta

tion

in to

tal;

25,0

00 so

ld▬

App

le L

isa

in 1

982

faile

d fo

r the

sam

e re

ason

s■

Iron

y: re

sear

cher

s wan

ted

a m

uch

sim

pler

pro

duct

Page 43: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g43

Wha

t Wen

t Wro

ng?

■Pr

intin

g❏

Xer

ox fo

cus o

n hi

gh e

nd c

opie

rs a

nd p

rinte

rs▬

�No

mon

ey in

low

end

❏Ta

rget

exi

stin

g m

arke

ts: c

ompu

ter p

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ice

prin

ting

igno

red.

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le, H

P w

on th

is in

198

5

■St

ar O

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e Sy

stem

❏En

gine

ers h

ad a

vis

ion,

and

ach

ieve

d it

▬A

won

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ul sy

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: 10

year

s ahe

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f its

tim

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expe

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Page 44: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g44

Wha

t Oth

ers D

id w

ith th

e A

lto

Nov

ell

File

and

prin

t ser

vers

Inte

rnet

, Nov

ell

Net

wor

king

Apo

llo, S

un, L

isp

mac

hine

sW

orks

tatio

ns

Mic

roso

ftW

indo

ws,

Wor

d

App

leLi

sa, M

acin

tosh

Ado

be, C

anon

, HP

Lase

r prin

ting,

Pos

tscr

ipt

Xer

ox-D

EC-I

ntel

Ethe

rnet

Page 45: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA
Page 46: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g46

Toda

y

■To

day�

s PC

is a

bout

10,

000

X a

n A

lto■

Whe

re d

id a

ll th

e re

sour

ces g

o?❏

Vis

ual f

idel

ity a

nd e

lega

nce

❏In

tegr

atio

n❏

Bac

kwar

d co

mpa

tibili

ty❏

Scal

e�bo

oks,

not j

ust m

emos

❏Ti

me

to m

arke

t❏

Res

pons

e tim

e■

Did

we

fore

see

it?❏

Of c

ours

e: M

oore

�s la

w.

Page 47: 1 The Alto and Ethernet System Xerox PARC in the 1970™s · 2006. 10. 17. · Delete Undelete New Mail Mail File {Tutorial}Quit Date: 27 April 1981 10:36 am PDT (Monday) From: LaurelSupport.PA

10/1

7/06

Alto

Per

sona

l Dis

tribu

ted

Com

putin

g47

Tom

orro

w

■�T

he b

est w

ay to

pre

dict

the

futu

re is

to in

vent

it.�

■A

re c

ompu

ters

bor

ing

now

? H

ardl

y!■

Com

pute

rs a

re g

ood

for t

hree

thin

gs:

❏19

55: S

imul

atio

n❏

1980

: Com

mun

icat

ion

❏20

05: E

mbo

dim

ent�

inte

ract

with

the

phys

ical

wor

ld■

The

best

is y

et to

com

e�se

e re

sear

ch.m

icro

soft.

com

/gra

y❏

Rob

ots

❏C

ompu

ters

that

see,

hea

r, ta

lk, u

nder

stan

d❏

Info

rmat

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at y

our f

inge

rtips