1 the present tense - arnes.siosljic1s/tja/vaje -za-vse/pdf-pripomočki/casi - vse... · continuous...
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ČASITHE PRESENT TENSE
THE PAST TENSE
THE PERFECT TENSE
THE FUTURE TENSE
PREGLEDNICA VSEH ČASOV
1
2
3
4
5
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
GLAGOL BITI
GLAGOL IMETI
OSTALI GLAGOLI
H
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
UPORABA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
GLAGOL BITI
GLAGOL IMETI
OSTALI GLAGOLI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• EVERY DAY / WEEK / MONTH / SUMMER /
YEAR
KJE STOJIJO?
☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
❀
• ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIMES
KJE STOJIJO?
☜ ZA OSEBKOM
H
GLAGOL BITI
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM
‘M
IS
‘S
ARE
‘RE
HERE.PRIMERI
I AM HERE.
JANE IS HERE.
WE ARE HERE.
H
NIKALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM NOT
‘M NOT
IS NOT
ISN’T
ARE NOT
AREN’T
HERE.
PRIMERI
I AM NOT HERE.
JANE IS NOT HERE.
WE ARE NOT HERE.
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM
IS
ARE
HERE?
PRIMERI
AM I HERE?
IS JANE HERE?
ARE WE HERE?
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
GLAGOL IMETI
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVE GOT SOME MEAT.
JOHN HAS GOT SOME MEAT.
HAVE
‘VE
HAS
‘S
MEAT.GOT
H
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
WHO /
WHAT
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVEN’T GOT ANY MEAT.
JOHN HASN’T GOT ANY MEAT.
HAVE NOT
HAVEN’T
HAS NOT
HASN’T
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
MEAT.GOT
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
HAVE YOU GOT ANY
MEAT?
HAS JOHN GOT ANY MEAT?
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
MEAT.GOT
HAVE
HAS
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
KRATKI ODGOVORI
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
HAVE.
HAS.
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
HAVEN’T.
HASN’T.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
NO,
H
OSTALI GLAGOLI
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I JUMP. YOU GO.
JANE JUMPS. JOHN GOES.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
JUMP.
GO.
HAVE.
JUMPS.
GOES.
HAS.
H
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I DON’T JUMP.
JOHN DOESN’T GO.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMP.
GO.
HAVE.
DO NOT
DON’T
DOES NOT
DOESN’T
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
DO YOU JUMP?
DOES JOHN GO?
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMP?
GO?
HAVE?
DO
DOES
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
KRATKI ODGOVORI
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
DO.
DOES.
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
DON’T.
DOESN’T.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
NO,
H
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
UPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• NOW
• AT THE / THIS MOMENT
• TODAY
• IN THE PICTURE
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I AM DRIVING A LORRY.
JOHN IS DRIVING A LORRY.
WE ARE DRIVING A LORRY.
AM
‘M
IS
‘S
ARE
‘RE
DRIVING.
H
I
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
WE
YOU
THEY
NIKALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM NOT
‘M NOT
IS NOT
ISN’T
ARE NOT
AREN’T
DRIVING. PRIMERI
I AM NOT DRIVING A LORRY.
JOHN IS NOT DRIVING A LORRY.
WE ARE NOT DRIVING A LORRY.
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM
IS
ARE
DRIVING?
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
PRIMERI
AM I DRIVING A LORRY?
IS JOHN DRIVING A LORRY?
ARE WE DRIVING A LORRY?
H
KRATKI ODGOVORITRDILNI ODGOVOR
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
NO,
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM.
IS.
ARE.
‘M NOT.
ISN’T.
AREN’T.
H
H
THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
GLAGOL BITI
OSTALI GLAGOLI
THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE
UPORABA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
GLAGOL BITI
OSTALI GLAGOLI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• YESTERDAY, LAST WEEK / MONTH /
SUMMER / YEAR, IN 1999, … AGO, WHEN
I WAS YOUNGER
KJE STOJIJO?
☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
GLAGOL BITI
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
WAS
WERE
H
I
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
WE
YOU
THEY
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
JANE WAS HERE.
WE WERE HERE.
HERE.
WAS NOT
WASN’T
WERE NOT
WEREN’T
H
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
JANE WASN’T HERE.
WE WEREN’T HERE.
HERE.
WAS
WERE
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
WAS JANE HERE?
WERE YOU HERE?
HERE.
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
KRATKI ODGOVORI
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
WAS.
WERE.
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
WASN’T.
WEREN’T.
NO,
H
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
OSTALI GLAGOLI
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I JUMPED.
JANE WENT.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
JUMPED.
WENT.
H
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I DIDN’T JUMP.
JOHN DIDN’T GO.
JUMP.
GO.
DID NOT
DIDN’T
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
DID YOU JUMP?
DID JOHN GO?
JUMP?
GO?
DID
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
H
KRATKI ODGOVORI
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
DID.YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
DIDN’T.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
NO,
H
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
UPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• YESTERDAY AT TWO
• FOR TWO HOURS
YESTERDAY
• WHEN HE CAME
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I WAS DRIVING A LORRY.
WE WERE DRIVING A LORRY.
DRIVING.
WAS
WERE
H
I
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
WE
YOU
THEY
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I WAS NOT DRIVING A LORRY.
WE WERE NOT DRIVING A LORRY.
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
DRIVING.
WAS NOT
WASN’T
WERE NOT
WEREN’T
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
WAS
WERE
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
PRIMERI
WAS JANE DRIVINGA LORRY?
WERE YOU DRIVING A LORRY?
DRIVING?
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
THE GOING TO FUTURE TENSE
THE WILL FUTURE TENSE
H
THE GOING TO FUTURE TENSE
UPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA• SOON
• IN A MOMENT / SECOND / MINUTE /
– VSE OSEBE
• TOMORROW …
– I, WE – NAMEN V PRIHODNOSTI
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I AM GOING TO JUMP.
JOHN IS GOING TO JUMP.
WE ARE GOING TO JUMP.
AM
‘M
IS
‘S
ARE
‘RE
GOING TO
H
JUMP.
I
HE
SHE
ITWHO / WHAT
WE
YOU
THEY
NIKALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM NOT
‘M NOT
IS NOT
ISN’T
ARE NOT
AREN’T
JUMP. PRIMERI
I AM NOT GOING TOJUMP.
JOHN IS NOT GOING TO JUMP.
WE ARE NOT GOING TO JUMP.
H
GOING TO
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM
IS
ARE
JUMP?
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
PRIMERI
AM I GOING TOJUMP?
IS JOHN GOING TOJUMP?
ARE WE GOING TOJUMP?
H
GOING TO
KRATKI ODGOVORITRDILNI
ODGOVOR
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
NO,
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
AM.
IS.
ARE.
H
‘M NOT.
ISN’T.
AREN’T.
THE WILL FUTURE TENSE
UPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA• TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK / MONTH /
SUMMER / YEAR, IN 2045, ONCE IN
THE FUTURE, WHEN I GROW UP
KJE STOJIJO?
☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
POSEBNOST PRI RABI☜ HIPNA ODLOČITEV ZA PRIHODNOST
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I SHALL JUMP.
JOHN WILL JUMP.
SHALL
‘LL
WILL
‘LL
I
WE
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
THEYWHO /
WHAT
H
JUMP.
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I SHALL NOT JUMP.
JOHN WILL NOT JUMP.
SHALL NOT
SHAN’T
WILL NOT
WON’T
I
WE
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
THEY
H
JUMP.
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
SHALL I JUMP?
WILL JOHN JUMP?
SHALL
WILL
I
WE
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
THEY
H
JUMP?
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
KRATKI ODGOVORI
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
SHALL.
WILL.
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
NO,
H
SHAN’T.
WON’T.
I
WE
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
THEY
I
WE
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
THEY
THE PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE TENSE
THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
H
THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSEUPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• FOR 5 YEARS, SINCE 1999, YET (-, ?)
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
• JUST, EVER (?), NEVER, RECENTLY,
ALREADY (+)
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVE JUMPED.
JOHN HAS GONE.
HAVE
‘VE
HAS
‘S
JUMPED.
GONE.
H
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
WHO /
WHAT
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVEN’T JUMPED YET.
JOHN HASN’T GONE YET.
HAVE NOT
HAVEN’T
HAS NOT
HASN’T
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMPED.
GONE.
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
HAVE YOU JUMPED YET?
HAS JOHN GONE YET?
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMPED?
GONE?
HAVE
HAS
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
KRATKI ODGOVORI
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
TRDILNI ODGOVOR
HAVE.
HAS.
YES,
NIKALNI ODGOVOR
HAVEN’T.
HASN’T.
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
NO,
H
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
UPORABA IN TVORBA
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
TRDILNI STAVKI
NIKALNI STAVKI
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
KRATKI ODGOVORI
H
PRISLOVNA DOLOČILA ČASA
• FOR TWO HOURS NOW
• SINCE TWO O’CLOCK
KJE STOJIJO?☜ NA KONCU POVEDI
H
TRDILNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVE BEEN JUMPING.
JOHN HAS BEEN GOING.
HAVE
‘VE
HAS
‘S
JUMPING.
GOING.
BEEN
H
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
WHO /
WHAT
NIKALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
I HAVEN’T BEEN JUMPING.
JOHN HASN’T BEEN GOING.
HAVE NOT
HAVEN’T
HAS NOT
HASN’T
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMPING.
GOING.BEEN
H
VPRAŠALNI STAVKI
PRIMERI
HAVE YOU BEENJUMPING?
HAS JOHN BEENGOING?
I
YOU
WE
THEY
HE
SHE
IT
JUMPING.
GOING.BEEN
HAVE
HAS
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
HOW
WHY …
H
KAJ STORIŠ – DOVRŠNA DEJANJA
KAJ DELAŠ – NEDOVRŠNA DEJANJA
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
SIMPLE PERFECT SIMPLE SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUSPERFECT CONTINUOUS
GOING TO WILL
+ I JUMPED.
- I DIDN’T JUMP.
? DID YOU JUMP?
+ HE WENT.
- HE DIDN’T GO.
? DID HE GO?
+ ED / II
-, ? DID
YESTERDAY, LAST
… , IN 1999, ...AGO
+ I HAVE JUMPED.
- I HAVEN’T JUMPED.
? HAVE YOU JUMPED?
+ HE HAS GONE.
- HE HASN’T GONE.
? HAS HE GONE?
HAVE / HAS + GL-ED/III
EVER, NEVER,
SELDOM, JUST,
RECENTLY, ALREADY
(+), YET (-), FOR 5
YEARS, SINCE 1999
+ I JUMP.
- I DON’T JUMP.
? DO YOU JUMP?
+ HE GOES.
- HE DOESN’T GO.
? DOES HE GO?
+ GL / (E)S – HE,SHE, IT
-DON’T / DOESN’T + GL
? DO / DOES + GL
EVERY … , ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY,
SOMETIMES
+ I AM GOING TO JUMP.
- I’M NOT GOING TO JUMP.
? ARE YOU GOING TO
JUMP?
+ HE IS GOING TO JUMP.
- HE ISN’T GOING TO JUMP.
? IS HE GOING TO JUMP?
AM / IS / ARE + GOING TO + GL.
• SOON, IN A MINUTE
• TOMORROW (I, WE)
+ I SHALL JUMP..
- I SHAN’T JUMP.
? WILL YOU JUMP?
+ HE WILL JUMP.
- HE WON’T JUMP.
? WILL HE JUMP?
SHALL / WILL + GL.
TOMORROW , NEXT …., IN 2067,
ONCE IN THE FUTURE
YESTERDAY AT TWO,
FOR TWO HOURS
YEST., WHEN HE
CAME, WHILE
WAS / WERE + GL-ING
+ I WAS JUMPING.
- I WASN’T JUMPING.
? WERE YOU JUMPING?
+ HE WAS GOING.
- HE WASN’T GOING.
? WAS HE GOING?
SINCE TWO, FOR
TWO HOURS NOW
HAS/HAVE + BEEN +
GL-ING+ I HAVE BEEN JUMPING.
-I HAVEN’T BEEN
JUMPING.
? HAVE YOU BEEN
JUMPING?
+ HE HAS BEEN GOING.
- HE HASN’T BEEN GOING.
? HAS HE BEEN GOING?
NOW, AT THE MOMENT,
TODAY, IN THE
PICTURE
AM / IS / ARE + GL-ING
+ I AM JUMPING.
- I‘M NOT JUMPING.
? ARE YOU JUMPING?
+ HE IS GOING.
- HE ISN’T GOING.
? IS HE GOING?
DODAJANJE KONČNICPOSEBNOSTI PRI PISAVI
-ED / -D
-ED
PLAY – PLAYED
-D
DANCE – DANCED
ENOZLOŽNI GLAGOLI –
ZADNJI SOGLASNIK SE
PODVOJI (1+1=2)
STOP – STOPPED
SOGLASNIK + Y:
Y ⇨ I + -ED
STUDY – STUDIED
DVOZLOŽNI GLAGOLI –
KONČNI L SE PODVOJI
TRAVEL – TRAVELLED
-ING
-ING
PLAY – PLAYING
KONČNI E ODPADE
WRITE – WRITING
ENOZLOŽNI GLAGOLI –
ZADNJI SOGLASNIK SE
PODVOJI (1+1=2)
STOP – STOPPING
KONČNI -IE:
IE ⇨ Y + -ING
LIE – LYING DIE – DYING
DVOZLOŽNI GLAGOLI –
KONČNI L SE PODVOJI
TRAVEL – TRAVELLING
-S / -ES
-S
PLAY – PLAYS
-ES
PASS – PASSES
FINISH – FINISHES
WATCH – WATCHES
GO – GOES
SOGLASNIK + Y:
Y ⇨ I + -ES
STUDY – STUDIES
HAVE – HAS
H