1. 2. 3. 4.

10. , ,

1694 Camerarius,R. --- (hemp, , )

1717 Thomas Fairchild,

1811-1838 Knight,T.A.: (, , )

F2--> (but )

1819 Shirreff,P. wheat oat -->( )--->

( cereal breeder) * but pure line selection

1859 Darwin,C.R. : The orgin of species by means of natural selection

---> , " "

1860 (G. Mendel), 1900

John Garton (18631922): 1892 , 1898

1903 Johannsen "pure line theory

1909 Shull. East -->

1911 Morgan: Chromosome theory--

( ) --->

1927 Muller. --- -->

1934 White. root tip -->

*totipotency 19C but

1953 DNA (J. Watson & F.H.C.Crick)

1950 McClintock,B. "Jumping gene" ---> 1983

1978 ( ))

1994 flvr savr ( Calgene)

1995 Bt ( ), Roundup ready soybean( )

2000 , 2004

1.

Crossbreeding

Breeding by Seperation(Breeders)

Heterosisbreeding

Polyploidbreeding

Mutation breeding

Tissueculture

Transgeniccrops

AD1819 1903 1909 1911 1927 1934 1994

Breeding by seperation(Farmers)

BC8,000

+

+

Genetics

ChromosomeWhite, Tomatoroot tip culture

TomatoFlvr Savr

1985

Molecular marker

PCRMolecular

map

Outline of advancement of breeding methods

1953

DNA

1900 2000

Genome

1429, : 9

1906, :

1917 ,

1932 13

1960:

1970:

, , 1

1980 : ,

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 20001800

/

(MAS)

(GS)

(1)

(2)

(3) , ,

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7) /

(8) /

(9)

/

/

2.

(

/

)

(/)

/

F1

/

MAS/GS

:

/

( ) , ()

-

(, , , ...)

( ) --- :

- /

()

(, , , ...)

(1) / () /

(2)

(3) ) (high yield)

- , ideotype : , , ,,,,,..? grain ,,

- , , ,..?- , , (CGR), ... ,

(stability) : , , , , * ?

(--- 19oC or 17oC or 15oC )

1. (breeding system)

2. : , F1,

3.

4. : ,

5. : /

6. : //

7. / : /

X ()

X X

X X

/

, F1 , F1,

X

3. Breeding by introductiontion ; Plant introduction

: (germplasm)

1.

(1)

(Intern. Germplasm transfer, CSSA publ.23)

Important intercontinental movement of diverse food crops

(CSSA, Intern. Germplasm Transfer p.34)

(2) ) 1900

1910 (1935 82%)

() ()1969-1970() --- , --- , , ---

(3) --- : , biotype 1 Mudgo Pokkali, Tetep , Moroberekan

2. quarantine

Regional test

Variety registration

4. or Breeding by seperation , Breeding by selection

: () .

1) () (pure line selection) :

. .

(1) Johannsen,W. (1903) : Phaseolus vulgaris () 'princess'() 19

---> () " 1

---> 6 (+) (-)

---> (p.162 2-2,2-3)

() - (pure line) (homozygote)

,

- , .

.---( )

* 'princess' 19

.

* =

(2) . -

-

.

(/)

1 plant/hill

1 plant/hill

1 plant/hill

conventional method replications

(1) (2)(3)

1()

2()

:1990 lipoxygenase , 1996 .

) 2

* : --- F3 --- S1

* 11 1

1. - . - , , , , , , , ,

.

2. - .- ( , ,

, ) (CV; coefficient of variation) . .

* (/) .

CV =

() . 3 (2 )

** 1() or 1(). ().

(3)

. - - (, )

. - ( heterozygous) - heterozygous 5~6

selfing (purity) --->

* homo : Mgr = { 1-(1/2)g-1}r

2) Line seperation

: --- .

(1) (mass selection) . :

- homogeniety - genetic equilibrium

1 2 3

- - -

, , ,

Oil means Protein means

Mean oil and protein percentage plotted against generationsat Illinois University (Dudley and Lambert, 2004. Pl Breed. Reviews 24:79)

Illinois (1896~)

(2) 1()1() (ear to row method) --- , . : (ear) 11

.

. (direct method) : () but ---

. () (remant method): ( ), but ( 1 = 2). --->

11 11

11

11

- ()

/

/

()

()

1 1 3

11

1: 2 3

( )

()

(3)

:

) : (from ), (from ), (from ), (From ),

: ,