10 ilo magazine · pdf file2 je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlecj 2009 bfrgkl esa vkbz,yvks o"kz...
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 20092
bfrgkl esa vkbZ,yvks
o"kZ 1750 ls] ;wjksi esa Jfedksa us laxfBr gksuk çkjaHkdj fn;kA bl ij ljdkjksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa us rRdkyçfrfdz;k nsuh 'kq: dhA mUgksaus Jfedksa dh buxfrfof/k;ksa dks çfrcaf/kr djus ds fy, dkuwu vkSjfu;e cukus 'kq: dj fn,A mnkgj.k ds fy, xzsVfczVsu esa] o"kZ 1799 dk d‚fEcus'ku ,sDV~l 25 o"kksaZ rdykxw jgkA buesa vU; çfrca/kksa ds lkFk] Jfedksa dslaxfBr gksus ij Hkh jksd yxkbZ xbZ FkhA
fdarq rc rd ^dEckbu* ;kuh ^lfEefyr* gksus dsvf/kdkj dks yksxksa us eglwl djuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkAoklsZYl dh laf/k vkSj o"kZ 1919 ds ewy vkbZ,yvkslafo/kku us lHkh dkuwuh mís';ksa ds fy, laxBu dhLora=rk ds fl)kar dks ekU;rk çnku dh] tks fd vkxspydj laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh leLr fl)karksa esa ls,d cukA
fQj Hkh] 'kq#vkrh o"kksaZ esa vkbZ,yvks bl vf/kdkjdks vk/kkj nsus ds fy, vko';d ekudksa dks Lohd`rdjus esa lQy ugha gks ldkA gkykafd 1920 ds n’kdds var esa vusd iz;kl fd, x,A ;gka rd fd laxBuds vf/kdkj ¼d`f"k½ ij dsafær le>kSrs ¼la[;k 11½] ftlso"kZ 1921 esa Lohd`r fd;k x;k] dks Hkh bl çdkj rS;kjfd;k x;k Fkk] fd mlesa laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dhdksbZ O;k[;k ugha FkhA ;g bl le>kSrs dh lcls cM+h=qfV FkhA
gkykr cnys] og Hkh rc] tc vkbZ,yvks us nksçeq[k le>kSrs Lohd`r fd,& le>kSrk la[;k 87 vkSj981] ftuesa laxBu us laxBu ds vf/kdkj vkSj laxfBrgksus ,oa lkewfgd lkSnsckth ds vf/kdkj dks 'kkfeyfd;k FkkA
60 o"kZ ckn] bu nksuksa le>kSrksa dks vkbZ,yvks ds183 esa ls 149 vkSj 159 lnL; ns'kksa us laiqf"V çnkudj nh gSA bUgsa jk"Vªh; lafo/kkuksa vkSj dkuwuksa esa Hkhlafgrkc) dj fn;k x;k gSA
laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth dkvf/kdkj] la;qä :i ls ;g lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fdfu;ksäk o Jfedksa dks ckrphr vkSj ijLij le>kSrs esa
leku :i ls viuh ckr dgus dk ekSdk feys vkSjblls feyus okyk ifj.kke leku :i vkSj U;k;ksfprgksA lkewfgd lkSnsckth ls nksuksa gh i{kksa dks fu"i{kjkstxkj laca/k cukus esa enn feyrh gS vkSj Je fooknksaij gksus okys O;; ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
o"kZ 1951 esa vkbZ,yvks us f'kdk;r çfdz;k dh'kq#vkr dh tks fu;ksäk o Jfed laxBuksa dks bl ckrdk vf/kdkj nsrh Fkh fd vxj laxBu dh Lora=rk dsvf/kdkj dk fdlh çdkj ls mYya?ku fd;k tk jgk gSrks os blds laca/k esa viuh f'kdk;r ntZ dj ldrsgSaA vxj lnL; ns'k }kjk bl le>kSrs dh laiqf"V ughadh xbZ gS rks Hkh os f'kdk;r is'k dj ldrs FksA laxBudh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks dh lfefr vkSj vU;fujh{k.k çfdz;kvksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fdlaxBu dh Lora=rk] tks ewyHkwr ekuokf/kdkj gS] dksfo'o Hkj esa lEeku çkIr gksA ;gka rd fd xSj lnL;ns'kksa ds f[kykQ f'kdk;rksa dks Hkh lquk tkrk FkkA
;gka ;g crkuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd le>kSrs esa JfedksavkSj fu;ksäkvksa ds vf/kdkj 'kkfey Fks % vkbZ,yvks dsfujh{k.k fudk;ksa ds le{k çLrqr lhfer] fdarq egRoiw.kZekeyksa us fu;ksäkvksa dk cpko fd;kA
lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh çfdz;k,a ,d çeq[k rRo FkhaftUgksaus dksfj;k x.kjkT; dks o"kZ 1997 ds ,f'k;kbZfoÙkh; ladV ls fuiVus esa lg;ksx fn;k vkSj f'kdk;rçfdz;k us nf{k.k vÝhdk dks jaxHksn ckn ds nkSj esavis{kkd`r 'kkafriw.kZ ladze.k ds fy, leFkZ cuk;kAvkbZ,yvks ekudksa us lkewfgd lkSnsckth dks çksRlkfgrfd;k vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa enn dh fd vPNsJe laca/k lHkh ds fy, fgrdj gksrs gSaA
laxBu dh Lora=rk dk fl)kar] vkbZ,yvks dsewY;ksa ds dsaæ esa gS % ;g vkbZ,yvks lafo/kku ¼1919½]vkbZ,yvks ds fQykMsfYQ;k ?kks"k.kki= ¼1944½ vkSjdk;ZLFky ij ewyHkwr fl)karksa vkSj vf/kdkjksa dsvkbZ,yvks ?kks"k.ki= ¼1998½ esa çfr"Bkfir gSaAekuokf/kdkjksa ds lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kki= ¼1948½ esa Hkhbu vf/kdkjksa dks mn?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
^lfEefyr* gksus ds vf/kdkj ls laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dh vksj
1 laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrk] 1948 ¼la[;k 87½ vkSj laxfBr gksusds vf/kdkj vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth ij dsafær le>kSrk] 1949 ¼la[;k 98½
o"kZ 1913 esa U;w;kdZ ds ;wfu;u LDos;j ij 'kgj Hkj ds ukbZ ,d= gq,A os gM+rky ij FksA bl fp= esa mUgsa ts-ts- bVksj lacksf/kr dj jgs gSaA
© lHkh v
f/kdkj l
qjf{kr
Je dh nqfu;k if=dk dk izdk'ku tsusok esavkbZ,yvks ds tu laidZ C;wjks }kjk fd;k tkrkgSA bl if=dk dk izdk'ku pkbuht+] psd]Msfu'k] vaxzst+h] fQ+fu'k] Ýsa+p] teZu] gaxsfj;u]tkikuh] ukosZft;u] :lh] Lyksokd] LiSfu'k vkSjLohfM'k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh gksrk gSA
lEikndes gkW¶eu v;jekdZ
ÁksMD’ku eSustjfdju esgjk & diZy~eu
ÁksMD’ku vflLVaVdksjhu yqphuh
Q+ksVks laikndeklsZy Øksts+V
dyk funsZ’ku,eMhih] vkbZ,yvks] V~;wfju
doj fMt+kbu,e~- ekWUrslkuks] vkbZ,yvks V~;wfjudoj Q+ksVks & ,e- Økst+sV
laikndh; cksMZVkel usV~Vj ¼v/;{k½] “kkjyV cks'kka] esgkW¶eu v;jekdZ] fdju esgjk&diZyeu] dks-fju ifFoZl] gSUl Q+kWu jksySaM
;g if=dk varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu dkvkfèkdkfjd nLrkost+ ugha gSA if=dk esa O;Drfopkj vko';d :i ls vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksadh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA if=dk esa vfHkO;Drfof'k"V mYys[k fdlh Hkh ns'k] {ks= ;k mi{ks=vkSj muds iz'kklu ;k mudh lhekvksa ds ckjsesa vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA
if=dk esa daifu;ksa ;k okf.kfT;d mRiknksa ;kizfØ;kvksa dk mYys[k vkbZ,yvks }kjk mUgsaekU;rk nsuk ugha gS vkSj fdlh fuf'pr daiuh]okf.kfT;d mRikn ;k izfØ;k dk mYys[k jgtkuk muds izfr vkbZ,yvks dh vlgefr ughagSA
if=dk ds vkys[kksa ;k Nk;kfp=ksa ¼Q+ksVks,tsafl;ksa ds Nk;kfp=ksa dks NksM+dj½ dk] lzksrdk mYys[k djds Lora=rk ls iqu%mi;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gSA fyf[kr lwpuk dk LokxrgksxkA
lHkh i= O;ogkj fuEu irs ij fd;s tk,a%&
Neelam AgnihotriCommunications & Information Unit
INTERNATIONAL LABOURORGANIZATIONSubregional Office for South AsiaTheatre Court, 3rd FloorInd ia Habitat CentreLodi Road, New Delhi-110003Tel: 011-24602101-02-03email: [email protected]
eqnzd% fock izsl izkŒ fyŒ]ubZ fnYyh&110 020vkbZ,yvks V~;wfju }kjk izdkf'krvkb,l,l,u % 1020-0010
vkbZ,yvks dh if=dk
dh nqfu;kJe
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009 3
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lEesyu dh fjiksVZvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009 % fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa usvkbZ,yvks dh ^oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k
ladV ds ihNs ds psgjs
ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj
daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa ladV
cky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol 2009ckfydkvksa dks ,d ekSdk nhft,
vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkkoij gqbZ ppkZ
ladV ds le; lkekftd laokn % vrhr ls lcd
vkeq[k dFkk
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dks lekIr djuk % fo'ousrkvksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k rS;kj dh
lkekU; ys[k fu;fer LraHk
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dkslekIr djuk
lekpkj• varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu• varjjk"Vªh; Je ekud• 90 o"kZ ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k;
ds fy, dk;Zjr• cykr Je dk lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd ewY;• tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj jkstxkj• ,pvkbZoh ikWftfVo] ykbQ Hkh ikWftfVo
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ
u, çdk'ku
fo'o O;kih Lrj ij rsth ls c<+rh csjkstxkjh] xjhchvkSj vlekurk ds eísutj vkSj twu] 2009 esa m|eksa dsyxkrkj /kjk'kk;h gksus ds ckn] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyuus jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dks fn'kkfunsZ'k nsus dsfy, ,d ,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dh :ijs[kkrS;kj dh ftldk mís'; vkfFkZd cgkyh dks mRçsfjrdjuk] jkstxkj l`tu djuk vkSj Je'khy yksxksa ,oamuds ifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djuk gSA
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mRd`"V lekt dk fuekZ.k %fodkl esa lkekftd laj{k.k dh Hkwfedk ij iqufoZpkj
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1919 esa xfBr] varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ vius 175 lnL; ns’kksa dh ljdkjksa] fu;ksDrkvksa vkSj Jfedksa dks ,d eap ij ykrk gS rkfd fo’o Hkj esa thouvkSj dk;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk laj{k.k esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d leku dkjZokbZ dh tk ldsA tsusok esa fLFkr varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;] laxBu dk LFkkbZ lfpoky; gSA
'o O;kih Lrj ij rsth ls c<+rh csjkstxkjh]
xjhch vkSj vlekurk ds eísutj vkSj twu]
2009 esa m|eksa ds yxkrkj /kjk'kk;h gksus ds
ckn] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu us jk"Vªh; o
varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dks fn'kkfunsZ'k nsus ds fy, ,d
,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dh :ijs[kk rS;kj dh
ftldk mís'; vkfFkZd cgkyh dks mRçsfjr djuk]
jkstxkj l`tu djuk vkSj Je'khy yksxksa ,oa muds
ifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djuk gSA
vkbZ,yvks ds rhu fnolh; oSf'od jkstxkj f'k[kjlEesyu ds nkSjku jk"Vªk/;{kksa o ljdkj çeq[kksa] mijk"VªifrvkSj Je eaf=;ksa] Jfed o fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa rFkk vU;usrkvksa ds O;kid leFkZu ds i'pkr oSf'od jkstxkj laf/kLohdr dh xbZA bl lEesyu us th&20 esa vkbZ,yvks dhO;kid Hkkxhnkjh dks Hkh c<+kok fn;kA bl o"kZ vçSy esa yanuesa vk;ksftr ,d cSBd esa jkstxkj vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk lslacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa ds eísutj] vkbZ,yvks dk vkºoku fd;kx;k fd ^vU; çklafxd laxBuksa ds lkFk feydj laxBu vcrd dh dkjZokbZ dk vkdyu djs vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy,visf{kr dk;ksaZ dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djsA*
bl lEesyu esa vkbZ,yvks ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds pkjgtkj çfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA lEesyu ds nkSjku laxBuds egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us dgk] ^;g vkidh]okLrfod vFkZO;oLFkk ds usrkvksa dh ftEesnkjh gS fd vkigesa bl ladV ls mckjsaA vki Jfedksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa]fu;ksäk vkSj m|eksa rFkk ljdkjksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaAfo'o usrkvksa us gesa crk;k gS fd ifjorZu vo';aHkkoh gSftlesa O;kid voljksa] jkstxkj vkSj Je'khy yksxksa dh lqj{kkdks lfEefyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl ifjorZu ds fy, ;gHkh vko';d gS fd ,slk fuos'k ,oa fodkl fd;k tk, tksbl ladV ds fy, nh?kZdkyhu lek/kku dk ekxZ ç'kLr djsAgekjs orZeku ds fy, vxj ;g ,d pqukSrh gS rks Hkfo"; dkv/;kns'k HkhA*
vkfFkZd ladV dh fo'oO;kih çfrfdz;k dk nwljk igyw gS;g oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k] ;g blfy, Hkh fo'ks"k gS D;ksafd;g vkbZ,yvks ds 90 o"kZ iwjs gksus ds miy{; ij dh xbZgSA blds varxZr ljdkjksa vkSj Jfed ,oa fu;ksäk laxBuksadk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS fd os vkbZ,yvks dh mRd"V Jedk;Zlwph ds lekukarj uhfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls vkfFkZd ladVls fuiVus ds fy, lkewfgd Lrj ij dk;Z djsaA
blls igys vkbZ,yvks dh ,d fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k Fkk
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vkeq[k dFkk
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dkslekIr djuk % fo'o usrkvksa usoSf'od jkstxkj laf/k rS;kj dh
© vkbZ,yvks QksVks
ladV dks lekIr djuk
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
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fd fo'o Lrj ij csjkstxkjh esa vçR;kf'kr of) gks jgh gSvkSj cM+s iSekus ij QSyh xjhch dk Lrj LFkkf;Ro ij vkx;k gSA blds i'pkr ;g jkstxkj laf/k vfLrRo esa vkbZAlEesyu ds nkSjku Jh lksekfo;k us crk;k fd vkbZ,yvks dsvuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] vxj bl o"kZ ;k vxys o"kZ rd Hkhfo'o ladV dh cgkyh gksrh gS rks Hkh jkstxkj ladV Ng lsvkB o"kksaZ rd dk;e jgsxkA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd gj o"kZJe cktkj esa lk<+s pkj djksM+ yksx nkf[ky gksrs gSa] ftuesals vf/kdrj ;qok iq#"k vkSj efgyk,a gksrh gSaA vxj ladVls iwoZ ds csjkstxkjh Lrj dks gkfly djuk gS] rks Hkh fo'ovFkZO;oLFkk dks vxys ikap o"kksaZ rd 30 djksM+ u, jkstxkjlftr djus gksaxsA
jkstxkj ladV dks yf{kr djus ds mís'; ls lEesyu esam|eksa dh Hkwfedk] jkstxkj uhfr;ksa] lkekftd lqj{kk] Jevf/kdkjksa] lkekftd laokn] fodkl leUo; vkSj {ks=h; ,oacgqLrjh; leUo; ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZA
oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ladV çfrfdz;k mik;ksa dks HkhçLrkfor djrh gS ftUgsa fofHkUu ns'k viuh fof'k"Vvko';drkvksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj Lohdr dj ldrsgSaA ;g laf/k lHkh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ,d lek/kku ds QkewZysij ugha pyrhA blesa vusd fodYi gSa ftUgsa vusd çdkjdh tkap vkSj ijh{k.kksa ds ckn fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bllaf/k dks cgqi{kh; Lrjksa ij lwpuk nsus vkSj dkjZokbZ dksleFkZu nsus ds fy, Hkh rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
laf/k esa yksxksa dks jkstxkj esa cuk, j[kus] m|eksa dks dk;ej[kus] vkfFkZd fo?kVu ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqj{kk djus]jkstxkj ltu dks xfr nsus vkSj jkstxkj cgkyh ds mik;ksadks viukus dk vkxzg fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] ,slh lkekftdlaj{k.k ç.kkyh dks viukus dks dgk x;k gS ftlesa lokZf/kdlaosnu'khy yksxksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,] ftlesa efgykvksa ds
fgrksa dk iwjh rjg ls /;ku j[kk tk,Alaf/k esa ^foÙkh; {ks= ds fy, fo'o Lrj ij vf/kd
LFkkf;Ro çnku djus okyh fujh{k.k ç.kkyh vkSj fu;ked<kaps ds fuekZ.k dk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS ftlls okLrfodvFkZO;oLFkk vfLrRo esa vk,] nh?kZdkyhu m|eksa vkSj mRd"VJe dks çksRlkgu feys vkSj yksxksa dh cpr ,oa isa'ku dkslqjf{kr j[kk tk ldsA* ;g laf/k ^dq'ky vkSj lgh rjg lsfu;af=r O;kikj vkSj cktkjksa dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy,ijLij leUo; vkSj lqj{kkRed joS;s ls cpus dk vkºokudjrh gS] tks lHkh dks ykHkkafor dj ldsA* ;g fuEu dkcZu
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
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^fu;ksäk bl oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks viuk leFkZu nsrs gSa D;ksafd ;g vkfFkZd cgkyhds fy, vko';d uhfr çfrfdz;k esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsxh*] lEesyu ds nkSjku dfeVhv‚Q n gksy v‚u dzkbfll fjLikal ds fu;ksäk mik/;{k MSfu;y ¶;wUl n jksftvk usdgk] ^fu;ksäk] Jfed la?kksa vkSj ljdkjksa us bl ladV dks yf{kr djus ds fy, okLrfod,oa O;kogkfjd lek/kku dh ryk'k dj yh gSA oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ij lgefr cukusds ckn] vc vly dke fd;k tkuk gSA vkbZ,yvks] Jfed la?kksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa] ,oaljdkjksa ds lkeus ;g pqukSrh gS fd fdl çdkj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij bl çfrc)rk dksO;kogkfjd cuk,axs ftlls vly jkstxkj] vly vk; l`ftr gks] vkfFkZd cgkyh esa;ksxnku feysA blesa fu;ksäksa dks viuh Hkwfedk vPNh rjg ls fuHkkuh gSA*
okyh] i;kZoj.k fe= vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj LFkkukarj.k dkvkºoku Hkh djrh gS ftlls jkstxkj cgkyh dks xfr feysA
bl laf/k esa ljdkjksa ls vkxzg fd;k x;k gS fd oslajpukRed fuos'k djsa] fo'ks"k jkstxkj dk;Zdze pyk,a]lkekftd laj{k.k dks O;kid cuk,a ,oa U;wure osru dksc<+k,aA fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa] ,sls mik;ksa dsek/;e ls xjhch de gksrh gS] ekax c<+rh gS vkSj vkfFkZdfLFkjrk esa ;ksxnku feyrk gSA laf/k esa nkrk ns'k vkSjcgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa ls vuqnku çnku djus ij fopkj djusdk vkxzg fd;k x;k gS] fo'ks"k :i ls laf/k dh flQkfj'kksavkSj uhfr fodYiksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, ekStwnk ladVlalk/kuksa ijA
Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] vkbZ,yvks dks pkfg, fd og mulHkh la?kVdksa dks lgk;rk çnku djs] tks laf/k esa fn, x,mik;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djuk pkgrs gSaA lkFk gh laxBu dkscgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa ds lkFk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A mUgksaus cyfn;k fd laf/k bl ckr dks ysdj ugha dh xbZ gS fd ljdkjsafdruk vf/kd ls vf/kd [kpZ dj ldrh gSa] cfYd og blckr ij tksj nsrh gS fd ;s ljdkjsa fdl çdkj [kpZ djsaA
Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^gesa bl çfrc)rk dks ewrZ :insuk gSA Hkfo"; ds çfr ge lcdh ftEesnkjh gSA ge lcdksfeydj] ,d leku vfHkyk"kkvksa dks txkuk gSA ge lcfeydj dk;Z djsaxs vkSj ,d lkFk feydj] lQyrk gkflydjsaxsA*
ladV dks lekIr djuk
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>>
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
7
oSf'od jkstxkj ij vkfFkZd ladV dk çHkko
lEesyu ds nkSjku dfeVh v‚Q n gksy v‚u dzkbfll fjLikal ds Jfed mik/;{k ysj‚; Vª‚VeSuus dgk] ^ge ljdkjksa vkSj ,d vke efgyk ,oa iq:”k dks –f"Vdks.k] ifjorZu vkSj okLrfodrkdk lans'k ns jgs gSaA vkt ;g laf/k flQZ ,d dkxt dk VqdM+k gSA ljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSjfu;ksäkvksa dks bls vlfy;r esa cnyuk gSA blesa lkekftd laokn vkSj etcwr Je cktkjlaLFkkuksa ds çfr ljdkjksa dh çfrc)rk Hkh 'kkfey gSA cgkyh ds fy, ldy ekax] lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj lkekftd laokn vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth esa o`f) visf{kr gSA ysfdu bldk ,d vFkZ;g Hkh gS fd tc Jfed laxfBr gksdj] vius lkewfgd fgrksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djsa] rc fu;ksäkvksadh vksj ls dksbZ gLr{ksi u fd;k tk,A vxj ge ukdke;kc gksrs gSa rks gekjk lekt ?kkVs esatk,xkA vxj ge dke;kc gksrs gSa rks eSa ;g nkos ls dg ldrk gwa fd Hkfo"; ds bfrgkldkjdgsaxs& vkbZ,yvks us mís'; dks iwjk fd;kA*
ebZ 2009 esa çdkf'kr oSf'od jkstxkj ço`fÙk;ksa ¼xsV½esa vkbZ,yvks us o"kZ 2009 ds csjkstxkjh ds vuqeku dksc<+kdj] 21 djksM+ 30 yk[k ls 23 djksM+ 90 yk[k]çLrqr fd;k gSA bl çdkj csjkstxkjh nj Hkh 6-5çfr'kr dh vis{kk 7-4 çfr'kr gks xbZ gSA
xsV ds bl viMsV esa o"kZ 2007 ls vc rd csjkstxkjyksxksa dh la[;k 3 djksM+ 90 yk[k ls 5 djksM+ 90 yk[kds chp gks xbZ gSA vlyh fu"d"kZ bl ckr ij fuHkZjdjsaxs fd ljdkjksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr foÙkh; ifjO;; fdrukdkjxj lkfcr gksrk gS vkSj foÙkh; {ks= fdl çdkjdk;Z djrs gSaA
Je'khy fu/kZuksa ds la'kksf/kr vuqeku ladsr nsrs gSafd o"kZ 2007 ls 2009 ds chp 20 djksM+ yksx nksvesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu ls Hkh de ij thou;kiudjus okys yksxksa ds lewg esa 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA
bl ladV us ;qokvksa dks cqjh rjg ls çHkkfor fd;kgSA o"kZ 2008&09 ds nkSjku csjkstxkj ;qokvksa dh la[;k1 djksM+ 10 yk[k ls 1 djksM+ 70 yk[k rd c<+us dkvuqeku gSA o"kZ 2008 esa vxj ;qokvksa dh csjkstxkjh njesa 12 çfr'kr c<+ksrjh gksus dk vuqeku gS rks o"kZ 2009esa blds 14 ls 15 çfr'kr c<+us dh vk'kadk gSA
xsV ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2009 jkstxkj l`tu ds fygkt
ls lcls cqjk lky jgkA fjiksVZ esa js[kkafdr fd;k gS fdfo'o Lrj ij Je 'kfä 1-6 çfr'kr dh vkSlr nj lsc<+ jgh gS] tks fd gj o"kZ 4 djksM+ 50 yk[k u, yksxksads Je cktkj esa nkf[ky gksus ds leku gS] tcfd o"kZ2008 esa oSf'od jkstxkj o`f) esa 1-4 çfr'kr dh dehvkbZ vkSj o"kZ 2009 esa blds vkSj fxjus dh vk'kadk gS];kuh 0 ls 1 çfr'kr rdA
vkbZ,yvks fo'ks"kKksa dk vuqeku gS fd o"kZ2009&2015 dh vof/k ds nkSjku Je 'kfä esa o`f) dksvkRelkr djus ds fy, 30 djksM+ u, jkstxkj l`ftrdjus dh vko';drk gSA
jkstxkj ij ladV dk çHkko % {ks=h; ço`fÙk;ka
● bl o"kZ fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa vkSj ;wjksih; la?k
esa] dqy jkstxkj esa 1-3 ls 2-7 çfr'kr dh deh
vk,xhA ;g {ks= csjkstxkjh esa 35 ls 40 çfr'kr
o`f) ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gS] blds ckotwn fd ;gka
fo'o dh dqy Je'kfä dk 16 çfr'kr clrk gSA
● o"kZ 2009 esa e/; o nf{k.k iwoZ ;wjksi ¼xSj ;wjksih;
la?k½ vkSj lhvkbZ,l esa] csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k esa
35 çfr'kr rd dh c<+ksrjh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
;gka dqy jkstxkj esa 1 ls 2-8 çfr'kr dh deh
dk vuqeku gSA
● iwohZ ,f'k;k esa] vuqeku gS fd ladV ds çkjaHk esa
26 djksM+ 70 yk[k yksx] tksfd dqy jkstxkj
çkIr yksxksa ds ,d frgkbZ fgLls ls Hkh vf/kd dk
çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSa] nks vesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu
ls Hkh de ij thou;kiu dj jgs FksA ;gka
csjkstxkj yksxksa ls 12 xquk vf/kd yksx ,sls
jkstxkj dj jgs gSa tks dHkh Hkh [kRe gks ldrs
gSaA
● nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa Hkh csjkstxkjh esa
c<+ksrjh dh vk'kadk gS] gkykafd ;gka fu;kZr
vk/kkfjr m|eksa ds Jfed lokZf/kd çHkkfor gq,
gSaA
● nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa] yxHkx ikap çfr'kr Je'kfä
csjkstxkj gS tcfd 15 xquk yksx jkstxkj rks dj
jgs gSa ysfdu muds jkstxkj dHkh Hkh [kRe gks
ldrs gSaA o"kZ 2007 ls o"kZ 2009 ds nkSjku nks
vesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu ls de ij thou;kiu
djus okys Jfedksa dh la[;k 5 djksM+ 80 yk[k
gksus dk vuqeku gSA
● ySfVu vesfjdk esa] o"kZ 2007 ds nkSjku csjkstxkjh
nj esa 7-1 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh] vkSj o"kZ 2009 esa
8-4 vkSj 9-2 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh dh vk'kadk gSA
● e/; iwoZ esa] vkbZ,yvks us o"kZ 2007 dh rqyuk esa
o"kZ 2009 esa csjkstxkjh esa 25 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh
vkSj mÙkjh vÝhdk esa 13 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh dk
vuqeku yxk;k gSA nksuksa {ks=ksa esa laosnu'khy
jkstxkj esa Hkh o`f) dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA
;gka gj rhu esa ls ,d Jfed laosnu'khy
jkstxkj] ;kuh ,sls jkstxkj esa yxk gqvk gS tks
dHkh Hkh [kRe gks ldrs gSa vkSj ;g vuqeku gj
10 esa ls pkj O;fDr rd igqap ldrk gSA
● mi lgkjk vÝhdk esa 73 çfr'kr Jfed
laosnu'khy jkstxkj dj jgs gSa vkSj bl o"kZ blds
77 çfr'kr gksus dk vuqeku gSA bl foÙkh; ladV
us <kapkxr vkSj iwath mRiknksa esa fuos'k dks
tcjnLr uqdlku igqapk;k gS tksfd bl {ks= ds
fujarj fodkl ds fy, fu.kkZ;d gSA ladV dh
çfrfdz;k esa] oSf'od O;kikj laj{k.kokn dks gksus
okyh laHkkfor gkfu dks Hkh de djds ugha
vkaduk pkfg,A
© v
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
8
lEesyu dh fjiksVZ
lkekU; ys[k
varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa us vkbZ,yv ks dh ^oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k
^gesa bl lPpkbZ dk lkeukdjuk gS fd] vkbZ,yvks dsvkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj gj o"kZ 4djksM+ 50 yk[k u, yksx Jecktkj esa nkf[ky gksrs gSa] vkSj;g vkus okys o"kksaZ esa csjkstxkjhvkSj lkekftd vlarks"k tSlsxaHkhj [krjs iSnk djsxkA*
Jh ysd dkftfuLdh]jk"Vªifr] iksySaM
^fQuySaM oSf'od jkstxkjlaf/k dks viuk leFkZu nsrk gSftlds ek/;e ls Jfedksa]muds ifjokjksa vkSj m|eksa dhrkRdkfyd vko';drkvksa dksyf{kr fd;k tk ldsxkA ;gegRoiw.kZ gS fd ljdkjsa vkSjlkekftd Hkkxhnkj feydj bligy dks ewrZ :i nsaA*
lqJh rkjtk gsyksusu] jk"Vªifr] fQuySaM
^varjjk"Vªh; foÙkh; ladVJe cktkj ij cgqr udkjkRedçHkko Mky ldrk Fkk] vkSjgekjs lekt dks vfLFkj djldrk FkkA gesa iwjk fo'okl gSfd vkbZ,yvks] tksfd Jeekeyksa dk fo'ks"kK gS] blladV ds udkjkRed vlj dksde djus dk ekxZ ç'kLr
djsxkA*Jh vjekaMks xq,cqtk] jk"Vªifr] ekstkachd
^,sls le; esa] tc vusd çfreku fo?kfVr gq, gSa]
vkbZ,yvks jktuSfrd] uhfrxr vkSj uSfrd lanHkZ esa
lqj{kk dk vglkl fnykrk
gSA bls vkbZ,yvks
egkfuns'kd }kjk çLrqr
oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ds
çLrko esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
bl çLrko esa ml u, e‚My
dks fodflr djus ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ fcanq gSa ftlds
ifj.kke ds rkSj ij laifÙk dk
dsaæhdj.k de gksxk] ijLij HkkbZpkjk dk;e gksxk
vkSj ekuork ,oa fu"i{krk dk ekxZ ç'kLr gksxkA*
Jh yqbt bukflvks yqyk n flYok] jk"Vªifr]
czkthy
^ftl dzkafr dk eSa] ge
lcds fy, vkºoku dj jgk
gw a] og bl fopkj ij
vk/kkfjr gS fd fo'ks"kKrk
çkIr laLFkkvksa dks varjjk"Vªh;
fooknksa] fo'ks"k :i ls O;kikj
fooknksa esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg, &
og Hkh fgrksa dks igqaph gkfu
ds vk/kkj ijA vkb, ge lc ,d oSf'od vfHk'kklu
dk l`tu djsa ftlls tSls gh vkbZ,y,vks ds ewyHkwr
ekudksa dk mYya?ku gks] laxBu fo'o O;kikj la?k]
varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vkSj fo'o cSad ds le{k viuh
ckr tksjnkj <ax ls j[k ldsA*
Jh fudksyl lkjdksth] jk"Vªifr] Ýkal
l o"kZ 15 ls 17 twu dks vk;ksftr oSf'odjkstxkj f'k[kj lEesyu ds nkSjku jk"Vªk/;{kksao ljdkj çeq[kksa] mijk"Vªifr vkSj Jeeaf=;ksa] Jfed o fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa rFkk
vU; usrkvksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks O;kid
leFkZu fn;kA bl lEesyu us mu uhfr;ksa ij fopkjfoe'kZ ds fy, igyk volj çnku fd;k ftUgsaoSf'od jkstxkj ladV dks yf{kr djus ds fy,jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij dk;kZfUor fd;k tkukgSA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
b
9
varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa us vkbZ,yv ks dh ^oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k
^tc vki yksxksa dks ;gdgrs lqurs gSa fd bl lkynqfu;k ds ikap djksM+ yksxksa usviuk jkstxkj xaok;k gS] rksflQZ ;g dg nsus Hkj ls dkeugha pyrk fd ;g ,dHk;kud ckr gSA ;g flQZvkadM+sckth Hkh ugha gS % ;gyksxksa ij vkbZ Hk;kud foifÙk
dh dgkuh gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ikap djksM+ yksxksadk thou ladV esa gSA tc ge yksx fo'kq) vFkZ'kkL=;k vkadM+ksa ij ppkZ djsa] rks gesa lcls igys bu yksxksads ckjs esa lkspuk pkfg,A*
lqJh fdzLVhuk QukZ.Mst n fdz'puj] jk"Vªifr]vtsaZVhuk
^bfrgkl us ftruh HkhpqukSfr;ka is'k dh gSa] vkbZ,yvksus fuHkhZdrk ls mu lHkh dklkeuk fd;k gSA laxBu dhbl {kerk dh gesa ljkgukdjuh pkfg,A vkbZ,yvks usmRd`"V Je dks çksRlkfgrdjrs gq, mls lkekftd çxfrds eq[; okgd ds :i esa
çLrqr fd;k vkSj vkt mls vkfFkZd tksf[ke ds :i esaugha ns[kk tkrkA bls nh?kZdkyhu fodkl dh vfuok;Z'krZ Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA*
Jh ¶;wjs blksfteuk Xukflaxcs] jk"Vªifr] Vksxks
^cqfdZuk Qklks------ vkbZ,yvksegkfuns'kd ds oSf'od jkstxkjlaf/k ds çLrko dks Lohd`rdjrk gS tks jkstxkj vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k dksvFkZO;oLFkk dks etcwr djusds mik;ksa ds dsaæ esa j[krh gSvkSj ladV ls ckgj fudyus
dk jkLrk fn[kkrh gSA vxj bl ladV dks ugha lqy>k;kx;k rks ge cgqr tYn] cgqr cM+s lkekftd ladV dklkeuk djsaxsA*
Jh VsfjfVvl tksaxks] ç/kkuea=h] cqfdZuk Qklks
^le`f) gkfly djus dh
nkSM+ esa] ge ,d nwljs dks ,d
nwljs dh çfrLi/kkZ esa ugha
ns[kuk pkgrsA bldh ctk;
ge pkgrs gSa fd ,d fjys jsl
dh rjg] ge ,d nwljs dh
enn djrs gq, xjhch]
Hkq[kejh] vYi fodkl vkSj
vfLFkjrk dks gjk,aA mu ij thr ik,aA ;g ,d ubZ
oSf'od ;kstuk vkSj ,slh lajpuk cukus dk le; gS
ftlesa fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy] lHkh ns'k 'kkfey gksa
vkSj ftlesa varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad vkSj
vkbZ,yvks 'kkfey gksaA*
Jh Ckzwl xksfYMax] ç/kkuea=h] teSdk
^eq>s ;dhu gS] vki yksx
bl ckr ij lger gksaxs fd
bl ekStwnk ladV ls ckgj
fudyus ds fy,& ,sls ladV
ls cpus ds fy, Hkh& ;g
vko';d gS fd fodkl ds
fy, jkstxkj dsafær joS;k
viuk;k tk,A ;g gekjs
lafo/kku esa Hkh lfUufgr gSA blesa ;Fkksfpr osru dk
vf/kdkj Hkh gS vkSj blds rgr jkT; dks ,slh
ifjfLFkfr mRiUu djus dks dgk x;k gS ftlesa ekuo
O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä] ekuo Je dh lgk;d gksA*
lqJh 'ks[k glhuk] ç/kkuea=h] ckaXykns'k
lHkh QksVks ij vkbZ,yvks QksVks@ohfM;ks dk lokZf/kdkj © gSA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
10
ladV ds ihNs ds psgjs
lkekU; ys[k
ladV ds ihNs ds psgjse ;g fu/kkZfjr djus dk lcls cM+k lk/kugS fd fdl çdkj yksx orZeku dk vuqHkodjrs gSa vkSj Hkfo"; dh laHkkoukvksa dks
ryk'krs gSaA vkbZ,yvks us 21oha 'krkCnh ds fy,viuh mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwph cukrs le;] vke yksxksads liuksa vkSj vfHkyk"kkvksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS % Jedh nqfu;k ;gka vÝhdk] ,f'k;k] ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdkesa ladV ls çHkkfor gq, yksxksa ds lkeus rhu ç'uj[k jgh gS vkSj muds vuqHkoksa dks tkuuk pkgrh gSA
,l-,-] 30 o"kZ] xkjesaV QSDVªh odZj] tdkrkZ]baMksusf'k;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
ftl dkj[kkus esa eSa dke djrk Fkk] og fiNyh tuojhdks fnokfy;k gks xbZA gekjs ;gka cuus okys diM+s vesfjdkvkSj ;wjksi esa fu;kZr gksrs FksA vkfFkZd ladV ds pyrs gekjsdkj[kkus dks v‚MZj feyus de gks x, vkSj ekfyd usdkj[kkus dks can dj fn;kA mlus ge 1300 Jfedksa dkseqvkotk nsus ls Hkh budkj dj fn;kA mlus gesa flQkfj'khi= nsus ls Hkh budkj dj fn;k ftldh enn ls ge nwljhukSdjh ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrs FksA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
fcYdqy ugha] D;ksafd gekjk dkj[kkuk 20 lky iqjkukFkkA eSa ogka ukS lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA ogka dke djusokyh T;knkrj efgyk,a FkhaA muesa ls dqN us rks xkao okiltkus dk QSlyk dj fy;k] ckdh vius ifr;ksa dh vk; ijfuHkZj gks xbZaA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\
geus bl ekeys dks ljdkj vkSj viuh laln ds lkeusçLrqr fd;k gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd ljdkj bl leL;k dklek/kku djus esa gekjh enn djsxhA og e/;LFk dk dkedjsxh ftlls ge Jfedksa vkSj dkj[kkuk ekfyd vkil esafeysa vkSj lkewfgd rkSj ij ,d lek/kku ryk'ksaA bl le;eSa ;gh vk'kk dj ldrk gwaA
oh-,u-] 30 o"kZ] bdksu‚fed ,ukfyLVubZ fnYyh] Hkkjr1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
eSa ,d osapj dSfiVy ¼ohlh½ daiuh esa dke djrk Fkkftldh LFkkiuk 2008 dh 'kq#vkr esa gqbZ FkhA ml le;Hkkjr esa fjvy ,LVsV dk {ks= rsth ls fodflr gks jgkFkkA gekjh daiuh dks ,d cM+h fjvy ,LVsV daiuh dkleFkZu çkIr FkkA gekjh daiuh dh QafMax blh daiuh ijfuHkZj FkhA tc Hkkjrh; cktkj /kjk'kk;h gq,] ;g fjvy,LVsV daiuh vius fuos'k y{; dks iwjk ugha dj ikbZAblds ckn gekjh daiuh fuf"Ø; gks xbZA
2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
ugha] pwafd ge ,d ohlh esa dke djrs Fks] geus lkspk
Fkk fd gekjk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr gSA ysfdu tc gesa viuh
daifu;ksa@QElZ dks pykus ds fy, foÙk dh t:jr iM+h]
gekjs cSdlZ us ohlh QaM esa iSlk VªkalQj djus ls budkj
dj fn;k] pwafd og [kqn /kjk'kk;h gks x, FksA tuojh 2009
ls cktkj dh gkyr vkSj cqjh gks xbZ vkSj lkjk dk lkjk
dkjksckj #d x;k] D;ksafd u, ;k pyrs gq, ç‚tsDV~l esa
yxkus ds fy, iSlk gh ugha FkkA
;g cgqr gSjku djus okyh ckr Fkh fd daiuh can gks
xbZA cgqr lh ehfVaXl gqbZa& ckrphr gqbZ ysfdu lcdh lc
csdkj lkfcr gqbZaA daiuh dks NksVk djus vkSj ;gka rd fd
osru dVkSrh ds çLrkoksa dks Hkh fjvy ,LVsV daiuh us ugha
ekuk vkSj ;g r; fd;k x;k fd daiuh can dj nh tk,A
3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;k
vis{kk djrs gSa\
eSa ubZ xfBr ljdkj ls ;g mEehn djrk gwa fd og
bl lkekftd vkfFkZd lehdj.k dks ,d ckj fQj ls ns[ks
vkSj ekStwnk fu;ked <kaps dk iquxZBu djsA ,slh çfrjks/kd
ç.kkyh gksuh pkfg, tks ;g lqfuf'pr djs fd yksxksa dk
jkstxkj u fNus vkSj os lqjf{kr fLFkfr esa jgsaA vkfFkZd
ladV ds ifj.kkeLo:i csjkstxkj gq, yksx ;k rks vk/ks ls
Hkh de osru ij dke djus dks foo'k gSa ;k ftu {ks=ksa esa
mUgsa fo'ks"kKrk çkIr gSa] mu {ks=ksa dh ctk; nwljs {ks=ksa esa
dke dj jgs gSaA blls yksxksa esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk vk jgh
gS vkSj ekuo lalk/ku ds 'kks"k.k ds ekSds c<+ jgs gSaA
oh-,l-] 42 o"kZ] bathfu;j] fjlpZ ,aM ç‚MD'ku
baVjçkbt] fea'd] csyk:l
1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
eSa bl daiuh esa 15 lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA gekjh
daiuh O;fäxr Bsdksa ds fy, dke djrh Fkh] ;g daI;wVj
bathfu;j VsDuhd cukrh FkhA blls vkSj nwljh lg;ksxh
lsokvksa ls visf{kr ykHk feyus can gks x,A ifj.kke ds rkSj
ij gekjs osru de gks x, vkSj blds ckn çca/ku us NaVuh
'kq: dj nhA
2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
lgh dgwa rks eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha
Fkk& D;ksafd ;g lc cgqr tYnh gks x;kA eSa osru dVkSrh
ls [kq'k ugha Fkk ysfdu eSa nwljh ukSdjh Hkh ugha <wa< jgk
FkkA
3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;k
vis{kk djrs gSa\
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
J
11
© v
kbZ,y
vks@
fxy c
Vu
eSa [kqn dks ,d mPp Lrjh; fo'ks"kKrk çkIr deZpkjhle>rk gwa vkSj eSa nwljs fdlh {ks= esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly ughadjuk pkgrkA eSa mEehn djrk gwa fd vkus okys le; esa esjhi"BHkwfe ls rkYyqd j[kus okys jkstxkj dsaæksa ls eq>s ukSdjhds çLrko feysaxsA fQygky eq>s jkT; dh vksj ls fn;k tkusokyk NksVk lk csjkstxkjh HkÙkk fey jgk gSA
,e-ds-] 45 o"kZ] ,dkmaVsaV] ;sjsoku] vehZfu;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
eSa QuhZpj cukus okyh NksVh lh ,d daiuh esa ,dkmafVaxDydZ dk dke djrk FkkA daiuh can gks xbZ vkSj esjh ukSdjhpyh xbZA 2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
eSaus dHkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd esjh ukSdjh tk,xhA eSa le>rkFkk fd cktkj esa QuhZpj dh ekax dHkh de ugha gksxhA 3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\
eSa mEehn djrk gwa fd jkT; dh rjQ ls eq>s ,d ukSdjhfnykbZ tk,xhA eq>s jkT; }kjk csjkstxkjh HkÙkk Hkh feyrkjgsxkA oSls eq>s ;g mEehn ugha fd bl mez esa eq>s vPNhukSdjh feysxhA eSa 45 o"kZ dk gwaA
,u- ih-] 49 o"kZ] fJai iSdsftax daiuh esa odZjlkeqr çd.kZ çkar] FkkbZySaM1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
eSa >haxksa] eNfy;ksa vkSj fLoM dh iSdsftax djus okyh ,ddaiuh esa fiNys 15 lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA gj eghuseq>s osru ds :i esa 4500 cgkr ¼312 vesfjdh M‚yj½ feyrsFksA blls vf/kd osru eq>s dHkh ugha feykA ,d ekpZ dks eSajkst dh rjg dke ij x;kA djhc nl cts ds djhc] eq>svkSj vkB vU; deZpkfj;ksa dks dkfeZd foHkkx esa cqyk;k x;kAogka gesa dgk x;k fd gesa vkxs ls dke ij vkus dh t:jrughaA dkfeZd vf/kdkjh us blds fy, vkfFkZd ladV dh nqgkbZnhA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha FkkA eSa ,detnwj usrk gwa vkSj lksprk gwa fd esjh c[kkZLrxh dh ;ghotg FkhA dkuwuu eq>s eqvkots ds rkSj ij nl eghus dhru[okg nh tk,xhA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\
eSaus Je ea=ky; ds jkstxkj foHkkx esa viuk iathdj.kdjk;k gSA eSa 180 fnuksa rd vius osru dh vk/kh jkf'k dscjkcj lkekftd laj{k.k HkÙkk çkIr djus ds fy, vf/kdrgwaA esjh mez ds deZpkjh ds fy, nwljh ukSdjh <aw<uk eqf'dydke gSA eSaus ijaijkxr FkkbZ ekfy'k lh[kus ds fy, vkosnufd;k gSA ;g ikBîdze cSad‚d esVªksi‚fyVu vFk‚fjVh pykrhgS vkSj ;g fu'kqYd gSA eSa bartkj dj jgk gwa fd ogka ls eq>scqyk;k tk,xkA
,- vkj-] 33 o"kZ] daI;wVj bathfu;j] lSafV;kxks n fpyh]fpyh1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
gkykafd eSa ,d daI;wVj bathfu;j gw~a ysfdu cgqr le;ls fofHkUu daifu;ksa ds lsYl foHkkx esa dke dj jgk gwaA blls
igys eSa ,d xkjesaV daiuh esa dke djrk Fkk tgka esjhru[okg rks de Fkh ysfdu esjh ukSdjh LFkk;h FkhA ij fiNysrhu eghus ds nkSjku daiuh us vkfFkZd eanh ds pyrs cgqrls yksxksa dks ukSdjh ls fudkyk] ftuesa eSa Hkh 'kkfey FkkA
nks g¶rksa ckn] eq>s ,d ,utsZfVd fMªad cukus okyh daiuhesa lsYl dk dke fey x;k ij ;gka esjh ukSdjh lqjf{kr ughaFkh--- bu fnuksa ukSdjh ikuk cgqr eqf'dy gks x;k gS] flQZlsYl ilZu ds fy, gh ughaA eSa ,d ls nwljh daiuh esa x;kvkSj lHkh txg eq>s crk;k x;k fd orZeku vkfFkZd fLFkfresa os fdlh çdkj ds fuos'k dk tksf[ke ugha mBkuk pkgrsA 2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
ugha] eSa rS;kj ugha Fkk vkSj blhfy, fLFkfr;ka vkSj eqf'dygks xbZaA esjs ifjokj dks bl ubZ fLFkfr ls rkyesy cSBkus esaoä yxkA esjh iRuh us dqN NqViqV dke ryk'k fy;kA dqNle; ds fy, mlus ?kj&?kj tkdj diM+s csps ftldh ennls ge viuk dtZ mrkj ik,A viuh foÙkh; fLFkfr lq/kkjusds fy, eSaus reke rjg ds dke fd, ftudk esjh daI;wVjbathfu;fjax ls dksbZ rkYyqd ugha FkkA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\
eSa lksprk gwa fd jk"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks fofHkUu{ks=ksa esa ;qokvksa ds jkstxkj dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, dk;Zdze'kq: djus pkfg,& eq> tSls yksxksa dks vf/kd volj çnkudjus pkfg, ftuds ikl LFkk;h ukSdfj;ka ugha gSaA
,- MCY;w-] 5ƒ o"kZ] ¶ykoj IykaVs'ku odZj] vfnlvckck] bfFk;ksfi;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\
Qwyksa dk fu;kZr de gksus yxk rks esjh ukSdjh pyh xbZAeq>s crk;k x;k fd ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk ds vkfFkZd ladV dspyrs gekjh daiuh ?kkVs esa pyh xbZ gSA eSa Bsds ij dkedjrh Fkh blfy, mu pan 'kq#vkrh yksxksa esa 'kkfey Fkh]ftudh NaVuh lcls igys dh xbZA mUgsa eq>s eqvkotk Hkhugha nsuk iM+kA vc eSa ns[k jgh gwa fd fu;fer deZpkfj;ksadks Hkh ukSdfj;ksa ls fudkyk tk jgk gSA os yksx dgrs gSa fdvarjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij vkfFkZd ladV us gekjs ns'k dhvFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkh cqjh rjg çHkkfor fd;k gS] gkykafd eSabruh i<+h&fy[kh ugha fd ;g le> ldwaA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\
eSa ikap cPpksa dh eka gwaA eSa bruk ugha dekrh Fkh fd cprdj ldwaA eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha Fkh] urks foÙkh; :i ls] u gh euksoSKkfud rkSj ijA eSa lksprh gwafd esjs ifjokj dk [kpkZ dSls pysxk % eSa cPpksa ds Ldwy dhQhl dSls Hk:axh] [kkus&ihus] fctyh] vkus&tkus dk [kpkZdSls mBkÅaxhA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\
ljdkj flQZ fu;fer deZpkfj;ksa dh fpark djrh gSA eSalksprh gwa fd mls Bsds ij dke djus okyksa ds ckjs esa Hkhlkspuk pkfg,A eq> tSls yksxksa dks dksbZ lkekftd lqj{kk çkIrugha gSA eSa VSDl Hkjrh gwa blfy, esjs lkFk csgrj O;ogkjfd;k tkuk pkfg, ---A
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
12
ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";
lkekU; ys[k
ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";
j lky igys vkbZ,yvks dh f=i{kh; cSBdksaesa Hkkx ysus okys v‚Vks fuekZrk daifu;ksa dsçfrfuf/k D;k dHkh dYiuk dj ldrs Fksfd mUgsa ,sls foÙkh; ladV ls :c: gksuk
iM+sxkA oSf'od vkfFkZd ladV us v‚VkseksckbYl dhekax ij tcjnLr vlj MkykA ,aMª;w fcch us fiNysdqN eghuksa dk tk;tk fy;kA bl nkSjku og v‚VkslsDVj ds dqN lEekfur ukeksa ls ifjfpr gq, ftUgksausekStwnk ladV dk cgqr cqf)eÙkk ls lkeuk fd;kAblds vfrfjä ,aMª;w bl {ks= esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi dhHkh iM+rky dj jgs gSaA
fdarq o"kZ 2005 dh vkbZ,yvks cSBd ds fu"d"kZ vkSj;g vkºoku fd v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx esa ^lkekftd laokndks m|ksx dh LFkk;h fo'ks"krk gksuk pkfg,*] vc çklafxdyx jgs gSa] ;g ns[krs gq, fd lkekftd Hkkxhnkj ghekStwnk ladV dks lqy>kus esa çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA
vesfjdk esa ;g fo'ks"k :i ls fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS tgkav‚Vks odZlZ ;wfu;u ;w,MCY;w ds fu;a=.k okys U;klksa dsikl tujy eksVlZ vkSj fdzlyj] nksuksa iquxZfBr daifu;ksadk lg LokfeRo vkus okyk gSA ;wjksi esa Hkh ;wjksih;esVyodZlZ QsMjs'ku] ;wjksfi;u ,lksfl,'ku v‚Qv‚VkseksfVo lIyk;lZ ds lkFk feydj bl m|ksx esa gksusokys ifjorZuksa ds iwokZHkkl ds fy, ;wjksih; lgHkkfxrk
fodflr dj jgk gSA ;g igy m|ksx dks dk;e j[kusvkSj xq.koÙkkijd jkstxkj dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, dhtk jgh gSA
bl o"kZ ebZ esa vkbZ,yvks us mPp Lrjh; fo'ks"kKksa dslkFk feydj] bl ladV ls fuiVus ds fy, fo'ks"k cSBddhA tSlk fd vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;kdgrs gSa] bl {ks= ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS] nh?kZdkyds fy, j.kuhfr;ka cukuk] fdarq lcls igys vYikof/k dslek/kku ryk'ks tkus pkfg,A
mudh bl pqukSrh ij vusd Hkkxhnkjksa us ppkZ dhAmnkgj.k ds fy, m|ksx dh çeq[k dalfYVax QeZv‚Vksiksfyl ds M‚- t‚u o‚jekYM us bl ckr ij cyfn;k fd m|ksx ds fy, ,d u, dkjksckjh e‚My dht:jr gSA tSls mRikn dk vf/kd fVdkÅ gksuk] ftllsubZ dkj dh dher esa 30 çfr'kr rd dh deh vk,xhAnwljh vksj u‚FkZ bZLVuZ ;wfuoflZVh ¼;w,l½ esa i‚fyfVdybdksu‚eh ds çksQslj cSjh CY;wLVksu us bl çLrko dks {ks=esa lkekftd laca/kksa ds iquvkZdyu dh vko';drk lstksM+kA mUgksaus dgk % ^v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx D;k cukrk gSvkSj dSls cukrk gS] bl fo"k; ij lkspus ds lkFk&lkFkfu;ksäk vkSj Jfed la?kksa ds lkekftd laca/kksa ij Hkh ,dckj fQj ls lkspus dh t:jr gSA*
lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh ds ek/;e ls eksVj m|ksx dkiquxZBu
,evkbZVh baLVhVîwV Q‚j odZ ,aM baIy‚;esaV fjlpZ¼;w,l½ ds Fk‚el ,- dkspu us lgefr trkbZ % ^gesafoÙkh; jkgr ls vf/kd dh vko';drk gSA gekjs lkeus;g pqukSrh gS fd ge v‚Vks m|ksx ds fy, u;k lkekftdvuqca/k fodflr djsa] dk;ZLFkyksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dks le>savkSj Jfedksa&fu;ksäkvksa vkSj lHkh Hkkxhnkjksa dks layXudjsaA* mUgksaus cSBd ds nkSjku ;g ckr dghA
v‚Vks m|ksx dh dgkuh 20 oha 'krkCnh ds vkS|ksfxdmRiknu dh O;kid dgkuh dk eq[; rRo dgk tk ldrkgS] pwafd ,lsacyh ykbu ofdaZx dk fodkl] VsyfjLVfl)kar dks O;ogkj esa ys vk;k Fkk tksfd dk;Z dks VqdM+ksaesa djus ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA ;g og m|ksx Fkk ftlusvkS|ksfxd gM+rky Hkh ns[kh Fkh vkSj lkekftd lgHkkfxrkHkhA mnkgj.k ds fy, th,e ds ekeys esa] o"kZ 1937 esadaiuh us Jfedksa dh rjQ ls lkSnsckth ds fy, ;w,MCY;wdh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj fd;k vkSj f¶yaV] fef'kxu esadaiuh ds v‚Vks IykaV dh gM+rky [kRe gqbZ vkSj blls
© QksVks&fyczs- ,Qvkj
,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
pk
13
ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";
vuqla/kku ij xksyest lEesyu ds nkSjku çeq[k eqísmBk, x, %● çcy dkjksckjh e‚My dks fuxeksa dh O;kid
foÙkh; ç.kkyh ls tksM+k x;kA blds ckn dqNç'kkld ykHkijdrk vkSj va'k/kkjh ewY;ksa ij/;ku nsus yxs] rks dqN vuqla/kku vkSj fodklij e/;e ntsZ ds fuos'k dks gkfudkjd le>usyxsA urhtru] v‚Vks m|ksx vc rd tyok;qifjorZu vkSj rsy ij fuHkZjrk dh pqukSfr;ksa ijiwjh rjg ls çfrfdz;k ugha ns ikbZ gSA
● v‚Vks fuekZrkvksa ds chp rhoz çfrLi/kkZ vkSjdher dks ysdj pyus okyh çfr}af}rk usykxr esa dVkSrh dh j.kuhfr dks jkLrk fn[kk;kgS ftlls Jfedksa vkSj dEiksusaV ç‚MîwllZ lsmuds laca/kksa ij vlj iM+k gSA Jfedksa ds fy,blds ;g ek;us gSa fd os fuEu Lrj okys Jedjus dks ck/; gks jgs gSa] tSls mUgsa Bsds ijdke djuk iM+ jgk gSA dEiksusaV ç‚MîwllZ ij[kpZ de djus dk ncko c<+ jgk gS ftllstksf[ke c<+us dh vk'kadk gSA
● ftu ekeyksa esa] vYikof/k ds ykHk vkSj
ykxr&gLrkarj.k ds dkjksckjh e‚My dh txg
Bksl foÙkh;] rduhdh vkSj Je çLrkoksa us ys
yh gS] daifu;ksa vkSj Jfedksa dh laosnu'khyrk
c<+ jgh gS vkSj çeq[k drkZvksa ds chp la?k"kZ
'kq: gks x;k gS] tks bldh foijhr fLFkfr esa
ladV dk lkeuk feydj djrs FksA
● fofHkUu ns'kksa] daifu;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa ij bl
vkfFkZd ladV dk ,d leku çHkko ugha iM+k
gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vesfjdk ds v‚VkseksfVo
m|ksx dk ftl rjg iquxZBu gqvk vkSj ml
ij vlj iM+k] ;wjksi vkSj tkiku ds cktkj ij
ogh vlj ns[kus dks ugha feykA bl chp]
mHkjrh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ?kjsyw cktkjksa]
tSls phu] Hkkjr vkSj czkthy esa ,d vyx gh
ço`fÙk ns[kus dks feyhA ;gka vusd fVdkÅ
mRiknksa] tSls okguksa ds ?kjsyw miHkksx esa c<+r
ns[kh xbZA fo'o Lrj ij foy; vkSj vf/kxzg.k
gks jgs gSa vkSj Hkkjr ,oa phu tSls ns'kksa esa ubZ
?kjsyw daifu;ksa esa o`f) gks jgh gS vkSj os fo'o
Lrj dh f[kykM+h cu jgh gSaA
vkbZ,yvks xksyest ds nkSjku mBk, x, eq[; eqís
;q) ds ckn vkfFkZd o lkekftd lQyrk dk ekxZç'kLr gqvkA o"kZ 1950 esa th,e us u dsoy ns'k dsldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa rhu çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku fn;kcfYd ns'k esa ,d vkn'kZ e‚My çLrqr fd;k tgkadeZpkfj;ksa dks vPNk osru vkSj lkekftd ykHk feyrsFksA
vkt v‚Vks m|ksx fo'o Hkj esa jkstxkj dk eq[; lzksrgSA vkbZ,yvks ds gky ds ,d chfÝax isij esa lq>ko fn;kx;k gS fd o"kZ 2004 esa fo'o Lrj ij 84 yk[k yksxv‚VkseksfVo ç‚MD'ku ¼eSU;wQSDpfjax vkSj d‚EiksusaV QElZlfgr½esa dk;Z dj jgs Fks % ;wjksi esa yxHkx 20 yk[k]phu esa 16 yk[k ls vf/kd] mÙkjh vesfjdk esa 11 yk[k]
:lh la?k vkSj tkiku esa 750]000 yksxA buds vykoknwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh cgqr ls yksx bl {ks= esa dk;Zjr FksAvkbZ,yvks dh fjiksVZ esa o"kZ 2007 rd bl Je'kfä ds,d djksM+ gks tkus dh laHkkouk trkbZ xbZ FkhA
;gh vkadM+s] v‚Vks m|ksx dh ekStwnk leL;k dksle>us ds fy, dkQh gS vkSj ;gh fpark dk dkj.k HkhgSA ysfdu eksVj okgu dk fuekZ.k vçR;{k :i ls LVhym|ksx lfgr vU; {ks=ksa esa Hkh jkstxkj l`tu djrk gSAvesfjdk ds Lora= fFkadVSad bdksu‚fed i‚fylhbaLVhVîwV dh fiNys lky dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;kFkk fd vesfjdk esa 33 yk[k ukSdfj;ka] ns'k ds dkjfuekZrkvksa ds lqugjs Hkfo"; ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
© ,e
Økst
sV@vkbZ,y
vks
>>
,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
14
ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";
lkekU; ys[k
;k] gky gh dh ?kVukvksa dks ns[krs gq,] mudsva/kdkje; Hkfo"; ijA tSlk fd lHkh dks ekywe gS] vkfFkZdladV ds ckn ls v‚VkseksckbYl dh ekax esa tcjnLrfxjkoV vkbZ gSA gky dh ,d fjiksVZ dgrh gS fd o"kZ 2007esa lkr djksM+ ds eqdkcys ;g ekax o"kZ 2009 esa ikap djksM+60 yk[k jg xbZ gSA vkbZ,yvks ds ,d v/;;u esa crk;kx;k gS fd fnlacj 2008 ds vkadM+ksa dh rqyuk vxj fnlacj2007 ds vkadM+ksa ls dh tk, rks Lisu esa fcdzh esa 50çfr'kr] vesfjdk esa 35 çfr'kr vkSj tkiku esa 22 çfr'krfxjkoV vkbZ gSA tuojh 2008 ds eqdkcys 2009 ds çkjaHkesa mRiknu esa Hkh 25 çfr'kr dh deh vkbZ gSA vkbZ,yvksdh ,d {ks=h; fjiksVZ esa bafxr fd;k x;k gS fd bldk vFkZ
gS] ukSdfj;ksa esa tcjnLr dVkSrhA fjiksVZ esa lq>ko fn;kx;k gS] ^vxj daifu;ka mRiknu ds vuqikr esa ukSdfj;ksa esadVkSrh djus yxsa] rks vkus okys lkyksa esa ukSdfj;ksa esa 10yk[k rd dh dVkSrh gks ldrh gSA*
,slk ugha gS fd flQZ ekStwnk Jfedksa dh ukSdfj;kaçHkkfor gks jgh gSaA ;w,MCY;w ;wfu;u mu lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkfj;ksa dh rjQ /;ku vkdf"kZr djrh gS] tks viuhisa'ku vkSj LokLF; ns[kHkky ykHk ds fy, vius iwoZfu;ksäkvksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA
laHko gS fd cnrj fLFkfr xqtj pqdh gksA fofHkUu ns'kksadh ljdkjksa us m|ksxksa dh enn dh rjQ gkFk c<+k, gSaAfQj Hkh fo'o Lrj ij v‚Vks m|ksx detksj gks x;k gS vkSjbl fo'o eanh ds ckn tks Hkh fLFkfr mHkjdj vk,xh] og2008 ds çkjafHkd nkSj ls dkQh dqN vyx gksxhA th,evkSj fdzlyj ds lanHkZ esa rks ;g ckr lksyg vkus lp gSApkSIVj 11 yhxy ,MfefuLVªs'ku ds tfj, vius_.knkrkvksa ls laj{k.k dh ekax djrs gq, nksuksa daifu;kabl o"kZ Lo;a dks fnokfy;k ?kksf"kr djus ds fy, ck/; gqbZgSaA v‚Vks m|ksx dh bu nks cM+h daifu;ksa dh iqulaZjpukgks jgh gS ftlls ;s nksuksa fnokfy;k gksus dh fLFkfr ls mcjldsaA blds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd ljdkj mPp Lrj ijgLr{ksi djs vkSj Jfed ,oa Jfed la?k lfdz; lg;ksxçnku djsaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] th,e ds ekeys dks fy;k tk ldrkgSA ^ubZ* th,e dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,slh mEehn dh tkjgh gS fd vesfjdk vkSj dukMk dh ljdkjsa bl ubZ daiuhds T;knkrj 'ks;j vf/kxzfgr dj ysaA th,e ds ekStwnk ckaM
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
15
/kkjdksa dks] tSlk fd çLrkfor gS] 10 çfr'kr 'ks;j vkoafVrdj fn, tk,aA 17-5 çfr'kr 'ks;j Jfed la?k ds fu;a=.kokys U;kl dks lkSais tk,axs tks fd lsokfuo`Ùk deZpkfj;ksadks fpfdRlk ykHk çnku djsxhA ^ubZ* th,e dks dbZnkf;Roksa ls eqä j[kk tk,xk tks iqjkuh daiuh dhcSysal'khV dks çHkkfor djrh Fkha] O;olk; ds vokafNrfgLlksa dks] tks fd ç'kklu dk fgLlk cus gq, Fks] mUgsa tgkard gks ldsxk] gVk fn;k tk,xkA
vxj lc dqN Bhd&Bkd pyrk jgk rks th,e dks ,dckj fQj O;kolkf;d lQyrk fey tk,xhA daiuh dsiqjkus eSU;wQSDpfjax lsaVlZ esa v‚Vks mRiknu cjdjkj jgsxkvkSj de ls de dqN ukSdfj;ka cp tk,axh] ftu ij vcrd tksf[ke eaMjk jgk FkkA ;g le>kSrk] tks fdvo';aHkkoh Fkk] ,d le>kSrk gh gS] vkSj lHkh yksx bllslarq"V ugha gSaA th,e ds iwoZ 'ks;j/kkjdksa dks yx jgk gSfd mudk fuos'k csdkj jgk vkSj dqN ckaM /kkjdksa dkdguk gS fd bl le>kSrs esa mUgsa vius 'ks;jksa dh lghdher ugha feyh ¼gkykafd ckaM /kkjdksa dks okjaV 'ks;j tkjhdjds] dqN 'ks;j ckn esa fn, tk,axs½A ;w,MCY;w Jfedksa dhdqckZuh dh vksj b'kkjk djrh gS ftlesa daiuh ds lkFk2007 esa dh xbZ lkewfgd lkSnsckth esa la'kks/ku vkSjdeZpkfj;ksa dks feyus okyk ykHk 'kkfey gSA ;w,MCY;w dsysftlysfVo Mk;jsDVj ,ysu j‚Fkj ds vuqlkj] lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkjh Hkh çHkkfor gq, gSaA bl o"kZ mUgksaus vesfjdhlhusVjksa vkSj dkaxzsleSu dks crk;k Fkk % ^lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkfj;ksa ds LokLF; ns[kHkky ykHkksa esa Hkh Hkkjh] rRdkydVkSrh dh tk jgh gSA*
dukMk esa Hkh ;gh rjhdk viuk;k x;k gSA ;gka dukMkdh v‚Vks odZlZ ;wfu;u lh,MCY;w us daiuh ds lkFk ,dlkewfgd le>kSrs ds rgr varfje O;oLFkk dh gSA ;gç;kl daiuh ds iquxZBu dk ,d vax dgk tk ldrk gSAosru] LokLF; ykHk] dk;Z ds rjhds vkSj mRikndrk esalq/kkj ds laca/k esa cpr ds dqN mik;ksa ij Hkh lgefrcuh gS] gkykafd lh,MCY;w v/;{k dsu ysosatk dk dguk gSfd bl le>kSrs ds rgr dukMk esa vusd ykHkksa dkscjdjkj j[kk tk,xk vkSj isa'ku/kkfj;ksa ds fgrksa dh Hkh j{kkdh tk,xhA
oSls ;g Li"V gS fd 21 oha 'krkCnh esa] yksx fiNysn'kd ds eqdkcys vyx fdLe dh dkjsa lM+dksa ijnkSM+k,axsA vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek us v‚Vks m|ksxesa ljdkjh gLr{ksi dks bZa/ku dh [kir de djus dhj.kuhfr ls Hkh tksM+k gSA bl lky Qjojh esa m|ksx ds ,dla?k ifjla?k] baVjus'kuy esVyodZlZ QsMjs'ku dh dk;Zdkjhlfefr us Hkh vius ,d c;ku esa LoPN okgu vkSj LoPNbZa/ku dks fodflr djus dh t:jr ij cy fn;k FkkA
ladV dks lqugjs volj esa cnyuk
vkbZ,yvks ds chfÝax isij esa dgk x;k gS] ^vkfFkZdladV us m|ksx dks ekSdk fn;k gS fd og fuEu dkcZu dhvksj dne c<+k, vkSj gfjr jkstxkj iSnk djsA ljdkjksa
}kjk Lohd`r vusd mik;ksa esa i;kZoj.k fe= okguksa esa fuos'kdk leFkZu fd;k x;k gSA ,sls okguksa ds mRiknu ds fy,vf/kd vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl esa vf/kd fuos'k vkSj mPpdq'kyrk çkIr deZpkfj;ksa dh vis{kk gSA blfy, dq'kyrkçf'k{k.k ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkuk pkfg,A*
;g Li"V gS fd cnyko vkuk 'kq: gks x;k gS % fuEu
dkcZu mRltZu djus okyh ^gfjr* dkjksa dh vksj fo'o us
dne c<+k, gSaA bl o"kZ vçSy esa gksaMk dh ubZ gkbfczM
bulkbV dkj ¼tks isVªksy vkSj bysfDVªd ikoj] nksuksa ij
pyrh gS½ tkikuh ?kjsyw cktkj esa vius vU; ijaijkxr
çfr}af};ksa ds eqdkcys lcls T;knk fcdhA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa] v‚Vks m|ksx ,d lQj ij gSA vrhr ds
mPp dkcZu mRltZu okys okguksa dks og ihNs NksM+ pqdk
gSA ysfdu gky ds eghuksa dks ns[krs gq, vkSj fo'ks"k :i
ls iquxZBu çfØ;k esa ftl çdkj Jfed la?kksa us viuh
Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS] D;k vU; çdkj ds ifjorZu dh Hkh
mEehn dh tk,\ 28 ebZ dks Qkbukaf'k;y VkbEl esa
çdkf'kr fjiksVZ esa teZuh esa Jfed la?kksa ds chp] daiuh ds
LokfeRo esa fgLls dks ysdj gqbZ ckrphr dk ftdz fd;k
x;kA MSeyj }kjk deZpkfj;ksa dh ykHk cksul Ldhe dks
dSfiVy LVsd esa cnyus dh igy dks ysdj] fjiksVZ esa dgk
x;k gS] ^dkj lsDVj gh og jkLrk fn[kk jgk gS] ftldh
detksj fLFkfr us çca/ku vkSj Jfedksa dks u, fopkjksa dks
vaxhdkj djus ds fy, ck/; fd;k gSA*
tSls fd fo'o vkfFkZd ç.kkyh dh iqulaZjpuk djus ij
fopkj dj jgk gS] ftlls rRdky ykHk ds fy, vYikof/k
ds fuos'k ij fn, tkus okys ncko ds ?kkrd çHkkoksa dks
de fd;k tk ldsA Qkbukaf'k;y VkbEl ds ys[k esa MSeyj
ds oDlZ dkmafly ds çeq[k bfjd Dyse dh fVIi.kh dk
gokyk fn;k x;k gS % ^ge os vdsys 'ks;j /kkjd gSa ftls
daiuh esa nh?kkZof/k dh #fp gS] mu yksxksa dh vis{kk tks
rRdky ykHk gkfly djuk pkgrs gSaA*
© www.morguefile.com
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
16
daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa ladV
lkekU; ys[k
daLVªD'ku m|ksxesa ladV
fFkZd ladV us daLVªD'ku m|ksx dks cqjh rjg
ls çHkkfor fd;k gSA vkbZ,yvks dk vuqeku
gS fd o"kZ 2008 ds ckn ls vc rd bl {ks=
ds 50 yk[k Jfedksa us viuk jkstxkj [kks;k
gSA
o"kZ 2007&08 esa vesfjdk ds gkmflax lsDVj esa mBh
leL;kvksa us vkfFkZd ladV dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj ns'k esa
daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa jkstxkj ij cgqr cqjk vlj ns[kus dks
feykA flracj 2006 ls 2008 dh vkf[kjh frekgh ds chp]
780]000 ukSdfj;ka [kRe gks xbZaA vkbZ,yvks }kjk ,d=
fd, x, vkadM+s Hkh fpark dk dkj.k cusA mnkgj.k ds
fy, Lisu esa] ç‚iVhZ cktkj 2007 ds e/; esa /kjk'kk;h gksuk
'kq: gks x;k vkSj fiNys lky ikap yk[k ukSdfj;ka [kRe
gks xbZaA o"kZ 2008 esa fczVsu esa ,d yk[k ukSdfj;ka dk
uqdlku ns[kk x;kA vk;jySaM esa] tgka vc rd yxkrkj
ç‚iVhZ lsDVj pje ij Fkk] fiNys lky m|ksx cqjh rjg
/kjk'kk;h gqvk vkSj 15 ls 20 çfr'kr ukSdfj;ka lekIr gks
xbZaA
fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa tSls v‚LVªsfy;k] dsU;k] nf{k.k
vÝhdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds cgqr ls ns'kksa ls NaVuh dh
[kcjsa feyha] tgka cM+s iSekus ij i;ZVu {ks= çHkkfor gqvkA
phu vkSj :lh la?k esa Hkh NaVfu;ka gqbZaA vkbZ,yvks ds
vkadM+s dgrs gSa fd fiNys lky phu esa bl {ks= esa pkj
djksM+ Jfedksa esa ls 10 çfr'kr ds djhc us viuh
ukSdfj;ka xaokbZA
© ,e
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
vk
17
daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa de osru ij] de dq'kyrk okys
cgqr ls Jfed dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj blesa T;knkrj çoklh
Jfed dk;Z djrs gSaA vksbZlhMh us fiNys lky flracj
esa çdkf'kr viuh baVjus'kuy ekbxzs'ku vkmVyqd fjiksVZ
esa dgk gS fd vksbZlhMh ds vusd lnL; ns'kksa tSls
v‚fLVª;k] psd x.kjkT;] Ýkal] xzhl] gaxjh] vk;jySaM]
bVyh] iqrZxky] Lisu] fLoV~tjySaM vkSj vesfjdk esa
daLVªD'ku lsDVj esa çoklh Jfed cM+h la[;k esa dke
djrs gSaA blfy, bl {ks= esa vkbZ fxjkoV ls lcls
T;knk çHkkfor çoklh Jfed gh gq,A muesa ls cgqrksa us
viuk jkstxkj rks [kks;k gh] nwljs ns'k esa jgus dk
vf/kdkj Hkh xaok;kA vuqeku gS fd [kkM+h ns'kksa esa] tgka
ds daLVªD'ku lsDVj dks çoklh Jfedksa dk cgqr cM+k
lgkjk gS] o"kZ 2008 esa Ms<+ yk[k çoklh Jfedksa us viuk
jkstxkj xaok;kA vkbZ,yvks dh fjiksVZ :l dk mnkgj.k
Hkh nsrh gS tgka 20 gtkj ls T;knk rqdhZ etnwjksa dks
okil vius ns'k tkus dks etcwj gksuk iM+kA
;g vkSj Hkh nq[kn gS fd bu çoklh Jfedksa dks vius
ns'k esa mlh çdkj dk dke nksckjk feyus dh cgqr de
mEehn gSA ftu ns'kksa esa os dke djrs gSa] mu ns'kksa ds
csjkstxkjh ds vkadM+ksa esa mudh ;g rdyhQ utj ugha
vkrhA
vksbZlhMh çoklh Jfedksa ds bLrseky ij vYikof/k dk
çLrko çLrqr djrk gS % vksbZlhMh egklfpo ,atsy xqfj;k
us O;kid] nh?kZdkyhu ifjçs{; esa çokl dks çcaf/kr djus
dk vkºoku fd;k gSA fiNys lky ekbxzs'ku vkmVyqd
dks tkjh djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ^vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa
fuEu dq'kyrk okys Jfedksa dh t:jr cuh jgsxhA pwafd
mUgha ukSdfj;ksa dks gkfly djus ds fy, çoklh Jfedksa
dk ckj&ckj vkuk&tkuk dkQh ugha gSA*
gky dh ,d vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ1 esa daLVªD'ku lsDVj
ds fy, reke rjg ds mik;ksa dk ftdz gSA blesa ^gfjr*
jkstxkj ds fy, lgfØ;k dh ckr Hkh dgh xbZ gSA blesa
Je vkSj ladV ds lkekftd igyqvksa dks yf{kr djus ds
fy, {ks=xr lkekftd laokn dk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS]
fo'ks"k :i ls çoklh Jfedksa vkSj NksVs m|eksa ij iM+us
okys çHkkoksa dks ns[krs gq,A blesa lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd
^vc rd çHkkfor {ks=ksa esa uhfrxr dkjZokbZ ds dsaæ esa
?kjsyw cktkj jgk gS vkSj oSf'od {ks=xr lefUor
çfrfdz;kvksa ij de /;ku fn;k x;k gSA bl varjky dks
de djus ds fy, oSf'od {ks=xr uhfr laokn ,d
fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA* © ih Msyksp
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1 ^^n djsaV Xykscy bdksu‚fed dzkbfll % lsDVksjy ,LisDV~l]** Hkkx 2 % n daLVªD'ku baMLVªh ¼i`"B 6&13½]
thch 304@,lVh,e@2@2] 304 oka l=] lapkyu fudk;] varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;] ekpZ 2009
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocment/wcms_103437.pdf
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
18
cky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol 2009
lkekU; ys[k
cky Je ds fo#)fo'o fnol 2009ckfydkvksa dks ,d ekSdk nhft,
f'od foÙkh; ladV cM+h la[;k esa cPpksa dks]fo'ks"k :i ls ckfydkvksa dks] cky Je esa/kdsy ldrk gSA ,slk dguk gS vkbZ,yvksdh ml ubZ fjiksVZ dk] ftls cky Je ds
fo#) fo'o fnol ij ;kuh 12 twu dks tkjh fd;kx;kA
vkbZ,yvks dh bl fjiksVZ ftldk uke gS fxo xYlZ vpkal % VSdfyax pkbYM yscj] v dh Vw n ¶;wpj 1 esa dgkx;k gS fd tgka ,d vksj oSf'od vuqeku ladsr nsrs gSa fdcky Je eas yxs cPpksa dh la[;k de gks jgh gS] ogha foÙkh;ladV bl rjDdh dks ladV esa Mky ldrk gSA
vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us bl ekSds ijdgk] ^geus vc rd cky Je esa fxjkoV ns[kh gSA fdarqorZeku ladV ds nkSjku ftl rjg dh uhfr;ka viukbZtk,axh] mlh vk/kkj ij r; gksxk fd D;k jk"Vªh; o oSf'odçfrc)rk bl la?k"kZ dks vkxs c<+k,axhA*
fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS] cky Je esa ckfydkvksa dks /kdsyk
tkus dk ladsr bl ckr ls feyrk gS fd vusd ns'kksa esaifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk ij fu.kZ; ysrs le; ckydksa dksçkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA foÙkh; ladV xgjkus ds pyrsxjhch esa c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSj xjhc ifjokjksa dks ;g pquukgksxk fd fdu cPps dks Ldwy esa j[kk tk, vkSj fdls Ldwyls gVk;k tk,A ftu lektksa esa ckydksa dh f'k{kk dksT;knk t:jh le>k tkrk gS] ogka ckfydkvksa dks Ldwy lsgVk, tkus dh T;knk vk'kadk gSA blds ckn os de mezesa dke ij yxk nh tkrh gSaA
cky Je esa cPpksa ds vf/kd la[;k esa nkf[ky gksus dk,d dkj.k jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ctV esa dVkSrh vkSj çoklhJfedksa }kjk Hksth xbZ jde esa fxjkoV Hkh gS] D;ksafd blhjde dh cnkSyr cPps dbZ ckj Ldwy esa i<+ ikrs gSaA
blh o"kZ cky Je ds fud`"V :iksa ds mUewyu ijvkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrs ¼la[;k 182½ dh nloha o"kZxkaB HkhFkhA
Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^bl le>kSrs ij vc rd gekjs169 lnL; ns'k viuh laiqf"V;ka ns pqds gSa vkSj dsoy 14
© v
kbZ,y
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1 fxo xYlZ v pkal % VSdfyax pkbYM
yscj] v dh Vw n ¶;wpj
¼vkbZ,yvks& vkbZiSd 2009½-
vkbZ,lch,u %
987&92&2&122374&0 ¼fçaV½]
978&92&2&122375&7 ¼osc ihMh,Q½
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
oS
19
ns'kksa dh laiqf"V;ka ckdh gSaA ;g çfrc)rk dh mYys[kuh;vfHkO;fä gSA ;g le>kSrk ckfydkvksa dh fLFkfr ij [kkl/;ku nsus dh ckr dgrk gS vkSj ge bl ckr dk fo'ks"kmYys[k djuk pkgrs gSa fd bl ladV ds nkSjku ckfydk,avf/kd tksf[ke esa gSaA ckfydkvksa& vkSj lHkh cPpksa dks ckyJe ls nwj j[kus ds fy, ,dhd`r ç;kl djus dhvko';drk gS ftlesa ekrk&firk ds fy, ukSdfj;ka vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k mik; 'kkfey gSaA bUgha dh enn lsckydksa vkSj ckfydkvksa dks Ldwy esa jksd dj j[kk tkldrk gSA ckydksa vkSj ckfydkvksa dh ewyHkwr f'k{kk rdigqap vkSj muds fy, çf'k{k.k dks Hkfo"; ds lek/kku dsrkSj ij Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA*
vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ dgrh gS fd 10 djksM+ ls vf/kd
ckfydk,a cky Je esa layXu gSa vkSj buesa ls vf/kdrj
cky Je ds fud`"V :iksa esa yxh gqbZ gSaA ckfydk,a vusd
çdkj dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrh gSaA ;gh otg gS
fd mu ij vf/kd /;ku fn, tkus dh t:jr gSA ;s
leL;k,a bl çdkj gSa %
● ckfydkvksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk vf/kdrj dk;Z yksxksa
dh fuxkg esa ugha vkrkA ;g dk;Z mUgsa tksf[ke esa
Mkyrk gSA os T;knkrj ?kjsyw ukSdjkfu;ksa ds :i esa
dke djrh gSa] vkSj cky ?kjsyw etnwjksa ds mRihM+u
dh [kcjsa yxkrkj vkrh jgrh gSa]
● ckydksa ls Hkys dke u djok;k tk, ij ckfydk,a
vius ?kjksa esa Hkh dke djrh gSaA ?kj ds ckgj dke
djus ds vfrfjä ?kj ij dke djus ls mu ij ^nksgjk
ncko* iM+rk gS vkSj blls muds le; ls igys Ldwy
NksM+ nsus dh vk'kadk curh gS] vkSj
● vusd lektksa esa] ckfydk,a derj vkSj laosnu'khy
fLFkfr esa gksrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ewyHkwr f'k{kk Hkh ugha
fnykbZ tkrhA blls mUgsa vkxs vPNs ekSds ugha fey
ikrsA
fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk ij
[kpZ djuk vko';d gS D;ksafd ;g xjhch ls fuiVus dk
Hkh dkjxj rjhdk gSA f'kf{kr ckfydk o;Ld gksus ij
vf/kd vk; vftZr djsxh] lgh le; ij 'kknh djsxh]
de vkSj LoLFk cPpksa dks tUe nsxh vkSj ifjokj esa mlds
ikl fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA f'kf{kr eka gh ;g
lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd mlds cPps f'kf{kr gksa vkSj muds
cpiu esa etnwjh djus dh vk'kadk Hkh de gksrh gSA
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wdacl/flash09/index.html
cky Je ij cPpksa dk –f"Vdks.kcky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol] 12 twu] 2009] dks tsusok fLFkr varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy; esa vk;ksftr çn'kZuh
vesfjdh lhusVj V‚e gkjfdu us ckyJe ds fo#) fo'o fnol vkSj ckyJe ds fud`"V :iksa ds mUewyu ijvkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrs ¼la[;k 182½ dhnloha o"kZxkaB ij vk;ksftr dk;ZØeksaesa Hkkx fy;kA varjjk"Vªh; JelEesyu dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, lhusVjgkjfdu us psrkouh nh fd vkfFkZdeanh cky Je ds mUewyu esa feyhlQyrk dks myV ldrs gSaA mUgksausvkbZ,yvks dk vkºoku fd;k fd ogcky Je mUewyu dh viuh çfrc)rkdks vkSj xfr nsA bl volj ijvkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvkulksekfo;k us Hkh vius fopkj çdVfd,A 1999 esa varjjk"Vªh; JelEesyu dh cky Je lfefr esafu;ksäkvksa ds lewg ds çoäk Jh ts-MCY;w- cksFkk vkSj Jfedksa ds lewg dsçoäk lj ysjkW; Vª‚VeSu us Hkhvius&vius vfHkHkk"k.k fn,A
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20
vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZ
lkekU; ys[k
vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa jkstxkjksa esa vkbZoSf'od eanh ds chp ljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSjfu;ksäkvksa ds laxBuksa ds ofj"B çfrfuf/k;ksaus tsusok fLFkr vkbZ,yvks eq[;ky; esa
11&14 ebZ rd pyh ,d cSBd esa isVªksfy;e m|ksxesa vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds gkykr ij fopkj&foe'kZfd;kA
cSBd ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ ,d ubZ vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ1
dgrh gS fd o"kZ 2004 esa jkstxkj ds {ks= esa] rsy ,oa xSlmR[kuu mi{ks= 'kh"kZ ij FkkA ;gka 40 yk[k ukSdfj;ka FkhaAfQj Øfed :i ls blesa deh vkbZ vkSj o"kZ 2006 esa ;gkajkstxkj 30 yk[k ds Lrj ij gh jg x;kA vU; 15 yk[kdeZpkjh vuqekfur :i ls rsy 'kks/ku m|ksx esa dke djjgs FksA
fjiksVZ ;g Hkfo";ok.kh djrh gS fd o"kZ 2010 rd rsym|ksx esa 6000 ls vf/kd dq'ky deZpkfj;ksa dh deh gkstk,xhA ^;g ,d ikjaifjd vuqeku gSA okLrfodrk bllsHkh cnrj gks ldrh gSA dq'ky Jfedksa dh deh dh tM+sa1990 ds n'kd ds nkSjku dh xbZ jkstxkj dh dVkSrh vkSjHkrhZ ds vHkko esa fNih gSa tks cnrj vkSj [krjukd dk;ZxrifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ekuh xbZ gS vkSj vc bls orZekuvkfFkZd ladV us vkSj c<+k fn;k gSA* ;g dguk gS] lqJh,fytkcsFk fVuksdks dk tks vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h; xfrfof/kfoHkkx ¼lsDVj½ dh funs'kd gSaA
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] bl {ks= esa jkstxkj esa vfLFkjrk usBsds ij Je dh rnuarj o`f) dks vkxs c<+k;k gS tks vcrsy m|ksx dh vfuok;Zrk vkSj vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa esaleL;kvksa dk dkj.k cu xbZ gSA fjiksVZ Je 'kfä ds dsaæh;
1 lks'ky Mk;y‚x ,aMbaMfLVª;y fjys'kal b';wtbu n v‚;y baMLVªh] rsy
,oa xSl mR[kuu vkSj
mRiknu ls ysdj rsy ,oa
xSl forj.k esa lkekftd
laokn vkSj mÙke vkS|ksfxd
laca/kksa dks c<+kok nsus ds
fy, gqbZ f=i{kh; cSBd esa
ppkZ ds fy, rS;kj fjiksVZA
varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;]
tsusok 2009
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/
techmeet/tmoge09/tmoge-r.pdf
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
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vkSj ckgjh Jfedksa esa gq, ^nksgjhdj.k* dh vksj b'kkjkdjrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd tfVy jkstxkj çfdz;kvksa dkifj.kke çk;% fu;ksäk dh igpku dk fu/kkZj.k djus esadfBukbZ ds :i esa gksrk gS] dHkh&dHkh bldk vljlkewfgd lkSnsckth ds ifj.kkeksa ij Hkh iM+rk gSA
fjiksVZ egRoiw.kZ osru varjkyksa dk Hkh mYys[k djrh gStksfd O;olk;] dkS'ky vkSj ySafxdrk ij fuHkZj djrs gSavkSj O;kolkf;d LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk ds eqíksa dks js[kkafdrdjrh gSA ;g vuqeku yxkrh gS fd ?kkrd nq?kZVukvksa esa'kkfey gksus dh vk'kadk okys Bsds ds Jfedksa dh la[;kdaiuh ds fu;fer deZpkfj;ksa ds eqdkcys nksxquh gksrh gSvkSj fd 21 ls 35 o"kZ ds chp dh mez okys Jfed fdlhHkh vU; vk;q lewg ds eqdkcys nq?kZVukvksa ds çfr vf/kdlaHkkfor f'kdkj gksrs gSaA fjiksVZ ;g Hkh dgrh gS fd bl?kVuk ds ckotwn fd virVh; dk;Z rVorhZ dk;Z dseqdkcys vf/kd [krjukd gksrk gS] ?kkrd nq?kZVukvksa dhnj rVorhZ dk;Z esa virVh; dk;Z ds eqdkcys yxHkxnksxqus ls Hkh Åaph gksrh gSA
vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds lanHkZ esa] vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ ikrh gSfd iwjs rsy m|ksx esa Jfedksa ds laxBuhdj.k ds Lrj csgnfuEu gSa vkSj fxjrs gh tk jgs gSa] ;|fi Jfed la?klnL;rk mR[kuu vkSj mRiknu {ks= ds eqdkcys rsy 'kks/ku{ks= esa vf/kd O;kid gSA virVh; dk;ZLFkyksa vkSj efgykJfedksa ds chp ;g csgn fuEu Lrj ij gSA cSBd esa blij fopkj fd;k x;k fd Jfedksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk lEekufd;k tk jgk gS] ;g dSls lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,A
lqJh fVuksdks dgrh gSa] ^dq'ky Jfedksa dh deh ,doSf'od çfdz;k gS ftlus [kkl rkSj ls rsy m|ksx ij vljMkyk gS D;ksafd ;g {ks= lapkyu ds fy, mPp dkS'ky dhekax djrk gSA rsy daifu;ka orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dhO;kolkf;d t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, viuh HkrhZçfdz;kvksa esa fofo/krk ykbZ gSaA muds ç;klksa eas f'k{kk vkSjçf'k{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ fuos'k 'kkfey gSaA ysfdu rsy m|ksxvdsys gh dq'ky Jfedksa ds leqPp; esa i;kZIr o`f) djusesa vleFkZ gSaA ljdkjksa dks Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuhgksxhA fjiksVZ lq>ko nsrh gS fd ljdkjksa vkSj rsy m|ksxds chp laokn fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlesa Jfedksa dslaxBuksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk, rkfd Je'kfä dsfo'kky leqPp; esa u, 'kkfey gksus okys dq'ky Jfed rsym|ksx ds dk;Z ds fy, Hkyh çdkj ls ySl gksaA*
21
vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZ
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
22
ladV ds le; lkekftd laokn % vrhr ls lcd
lkekU; ys[k
ladV ds le;lkekftd laokn%
vrhr ls lcdrh; fo'o;q) ds ckn 30 ^xkSjo'kkyh
o"kZ* ftUgsa fd rnuarj vkfFkZd o`f)]
çk;% iw.kZ jkstxkj vkSj vf/kdka'k
vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa esa jgu&lgu ds ekudksa
esa gqbZ rhoz o`f) ls tkuk tkrk gS] ds ckn vk;k gS
vkfFkZd eanh] mPp eqækLQhfr] c<+rs ctV ?kkVksa vkSj
csjkstxkjh esa c<+ksrjh dk nkSjA vkbZ,yvks ds
lkekftd laokn fo'ks"kK Y;wMsd jkbpyh ,d
,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; esa ljdkjksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj
Jfedksa ds chp lkekftd laokn dh leh{kk dj jgs
gSaA
varjjk"Vªh; çfr;ksfxrk esa rst o`f) vkSj ÅtkZ ykxrksa
esa vkbZ rh[kh rsth] [kkl rkSj ls o"kZ 1973 ds igys rsy
>Vds ds ckn dh ewY; o`f) dk ifj.kke ikjaifjd fuekZ.k
{ks= esa yxHkx oSf'od fxjkoV ds :i esa lkeus vk;k]
mPp Jfed la?khdj.k okyk ;g {ks= n'kdksa rd jk"Vªh;
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh jh<+ cuk jgk FkkA jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd
laca/k ra=ksa dks ,d iwjh rjg ls fHkUu okrkoj.k ds vuqdwy
cuuk Fkk vkSj ubZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk FkkA
csfYt;e esa bl ladV dk lkewfgd lkSnsckth vkSj
lkekftd laokn ds vU; :iksa ij ,d csgn ukVdh; vlj
iM+k] [kkl rkSj ls o"kZ 1975 ds cknA lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa
ds chp ,sls eqíksa ij tSls fd Jfed ykxr esa dVkSrh vkSj
rkykcanh ij vke jk; ds vHkko us dqN le; ds fy,
ikjaifjd varj vkS|ksfxd laokn ds tkjh jgus dks jksd
fn;kA ljdkj us ^O;kid dne mBkrs gq, nwjxkeh çHkko
okyh uhfr dks ykxw dj fn;k] osru fLFkj dj fn, vkSj
jgu&lgu dh ykxr ds laokn ls gkfly çko/kkuksa ds
çHkkoksa dks lhfer dj fn;kA*
ysfdu varr% dkuwuh vkSj laokn ls gkfly mik;ksa ds
xBtksM+ ds ek/;e ls osru larqyu gkfly dj fy;k
x;kA Qjojh 1981 esa u;k dkuwu ykxw fd;k x;k ftlus
ml fLFkfr esa vko';d osru fu;a=.k mik; çnku fd,
tcfd fu;ksäk vkSj Jfed la?k ,d jk"Vªh; lgefr ij
igqap ldrs gksa] ;g lgefr gkykafd gkfly dh xbZ vkSj
'kkgh vkns'k ls ck/;dkjh cukbZ xbZA
vk;jySaM dk cgq çpkfjr ekeyk fn[kkrk gS fd
lkekftd laokn] fo'ks"k rkSj ls rc tcfd mls ljdkj
dk Hkh leFkZu gkfly gks] xaHkhj vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa esa Hkh
çfrfdz;k çnku dj ldrk gSA mPp csjkstxkjh vkSj
eqækLQhfr dh xaHkhj lajpukRed leL;kvksa dk lkeuk
gksus ij lkekftd lgHkkxh vkSj ljdkj o"kZ 1987 esa
jk"Vªh; {kfriwfrZ dk;Zdze rd igqapus esa lQy gks x, tks
f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa dh J`a[kyk esa igyk FkkA
pwafd ;g vuqca/k [kkl rkSj ls osru ls gh lacaf/kr Fkk
blls Jfed la?k dj jkgrksa ds cnys e/;e osru o`f);ksa
ij lger gks x,A blds ckn gq, lgHkkfxrk vuqca/k
viuh lanHkZ lkexzh esa nwjxkeh Fks vkSj mUgksaus lkekftd
vkSj vkfFkZd eqíksa dh ,d O;kid J`a[kyk dks lacksf/kr
fd;kA
bVyh esa eanh ^lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh lajpuk vkSj
lanHkZ lkexzh esa rFkk lkFk gh lkFk] mls lapkfyr djus
okys i{kksa esa O;kid cnykoksa dh xokg cuhA* ljdkj us
dbZ çdkj ls gLr{ksi fd;k% jk"Vªh; Je fooknksa ds fuiVkjs
esa lfdz; Hkwfedk fuHkkdj] ^laokn ls rS;kj dkuwuksa* dks
Lohdkj djds] vkSj 1980 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr ls gh cM+s
f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa esa Hkkx ysdjA
o"kZ 1983 vkSj o"kZ 1984 ds f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa us u
dsoy Lor% osru lwphdj.k dk ekeyk fuiVk;k] vfirq
jkstxkj dks c<+kok nsus] dk;Z ds le; dks ?kVkus vkSj Je
cktkj ds fu;eu ds O;kid eqíksa dk Hkh fuiVkjk fd;kA
bVyh us 1990 ds n'kd esa Hkh f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa ¼laf/k;ksa½
dk mi;ksx djuk tkjh j[kkA
1970 ds n'kd esa vkSj 1980 ds n'kd ds iwokZ) esa
uhnjySaM~l us csjkstxkjh esa rhoz o`f)] lajpukRed
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
f}
23
dfBukb;ksa] mPp C;kt njksa vkSj c<+rs ctV ?kkVksa ds
ihM+knk;d vuqHkoksa dk lkeuk fd;kA bu dfBukb;ksa us
u dsoy Mp dY;k.kdkjh jkT;] vfirq ikjaifjd ^iksYMj
ra=* ds fy, Hkh pqukSrh is'k dh tks lkekftd laokn
çfreku esa le>kSrs vkSj uhfrxr mik;ksa ds fy, tu
leFkZu tqVkus ij vk/kkfjr FkkA fgrxzkgh lewgksa ds chp
laca/k çfrdwy gks x, vkSj Jfedksa rFkk fu;ksäkvksa ds chp
fdlh lgefr ij igqapuk vlaHko lk yxus yxkA
lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa ds chp gq, çfl) oslsukj
vuqca/k ij o"kksaZ rd vlgefr ds ckn o"kZ 1982 esa iwjh
rjg vk'p;Ztud <ax ls igqapk x;k ftlus 1970 ds
n'kd vkSj 1980 ds n'kd ds iwokZ) esa vkfFkZd d"Vksa vkSj
csjkstxkjh ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ esa ,d okLrfod ifjorZu
fcanq dk çfrfuf/kRo fd;kA ;g 1980 ds n'kd ds mÙkjk)Z
vkSj 1990 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa Je cktkj vkSj
jkstxkj çn'kZu esa {kfriwfrZ dk Hkh vkjafHkd fcanq cukA
vuqca/k us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd ^jkstxkjksa esa
lajpukRed lq/kkjksa ds fy, vkfFkZd o`f) dh iqu% çkfIr]
dherksa esa LFkkf;Ro] csgrj iqjLdkjksa ds lkFk daifu;ksa dh
çfr;ksfxrkRedrk esa lq/kkj t:jh gSA* fojks/kkHkklh :i ls]
;g ljdkj Fkh ftlus bl vuqca/k dks ifj.kke rd
igqapkus esa lokZf/kd ;ksxnku fn;k] ^tSls gh ljdkjh
gLr{ksi dh vk'kadk,a xgjkbZa] ck/; gksdj lkekftd
lgHkkxh ,d gks x, vkSj mUgksaus ,d nwljs dks lkSnsckth
ds lgHkkxh ds rkSj ij Lohdkj dj fy;kA*
1970 ds n'kd ds e/; esa tkiku us ,d yach eanh
ds nkSj esa ços'k fd;kA ladV us lajpukRed ifjorZuksa dh
t:jr eglwl djkbZ vkSj vusd m|ksxksa esa vR;f/kdrk
dh dM+h leL;k,a iSnk gks xbZa tSls fd bLikr] iksr
fuekZ.k vkSj vfHk;kaf=dhA ;|fi vU; vf/kdka'k
vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa ls fHkUu tkiku bl vof/k ls] fcuk
vo';aHkkoh eqækLQhfr] mPp csjkstxkjh vkSj vusd
gM+rkyksa ls cpdj fudyus esa lQy jgkA dqN i;Zos{kd
lksprs gSa fd lkewfgd lkSnsckth dk tkikuh ra= tks ,d
O;kid la;qä lykgdkjh ra= ls vuqiwfjr gS] bl vof/k
ds nkSjku tkikuh vFkZO;oLFkk ds :ikarj.k vkSj
vk/kqfudhdj.k esa lgk;d jgk ftlls cM+s lkekftd la?k"kZ
dks Vkyus es enn feyhA
1980 ds n'kd esa vesfjdk fuEu vkfFkZd çn'kZu ls
cqjh rjg çHkkfor gqvk ftlds ckn csgn detksj çfriwfrZ
vkbZA Bhd blh le; csgn dM+h fons'kh çfrLi/kkZ dh
çfrfdz;k esa uoksUes"kksa vkSj ykxr dVkSrh us ljdkjh
vfofu;euksa ds lkFk feydj vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds ra= ij
O;kid ncko cuk fn;kA NwV okyh lkSnsckth dks O;kid
:i ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k % çHkkoh ç'u ;g Fkk fd
jkstxkj vkSj vk; lqj{kk çnku djuk fdrus mÙke çdkj
ls laiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1980 ds n'kd dh NwV
okyh lkSnsckth esa ls vusd vkfFkZd foifÙk dk lkeuk
djus okyh lqçfl) rduhdksa ij vk/kkfjr Fkha tSls fd
ifjorZu dh vfxze lwpuk] iqu% çf'k{k.k] i`FkDdj.k osru]
iwoZ lsokfuo`fÙk ykHk] dk;Z esa fgLlsnkjh] dkj[kkuksa ds chp
rcknys] lpy HkÙks] vuqiwjd csjkstxkjh ykHk] vf/kd dk;Z
ds çko/kku vkSSj lqfuf'pr okf"kZd HkqxrkuA
vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds lanHkZ esa] 1970 vkSj 1980 ds
n'kdksa ls feyk çeq[k lcd ;g gS fd ladV ds ck/kd
çHkko gks ldrs gSa] ;gka rd fd lqLFkkfir vkS|ksfxd laca/k
ra=ksa ij HkhA gkykafd ;g ck/kk,a vLFkk;h gksrh gSaA ;fn
ra=ksa esa vuqdwyu dh {kerk gks] ;fn os mi;qä lkoZtfud
uhfr;ksa vkSj leFkZ laLFkkuksa ls lefFkZr gksa vkSj ;fn
le>kSrs rd igqapus dh ,d vke bPNk gksA tSlk fd
vk;jySaM ds ekeys esa çnf'kZr gqvk gS] ladV dks lacksf/kr
djus ds mik; ds :i esa lkekftd laokn ds mi;ksx dk
ldkjkRed vuqHko ,d u, vkSj fVdkÅ ;qx dh 'kq#vkr
dk vxznwr gks ldrk gS tgka vkS|ksfxd laca/k le`f) ykus
esa ennxkj gks ldrs gSaA
varr% ^NwV okyh* lkSnsckth dk vuqHko midze Lrj
dh lkSnsckth esa vk'kkokn dks fn[kkrk gSA rks Hkh] orZeku
ladV ds lanHkZ esa] ftl ij mPp osru dk çHkko ugha
iM+k gS] lkekU; çfreku ds :i esa osru fu;a=.k dk
mi;ksx tfVy ls Hkh vf/kd tku iM+rk gSA
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
24
mRÑ"V lekt dk fuekZ.k
Qhpj cqd
mRd"V lekt dk fuekZ.k%fodkl esa lkekftd laj{k.kdh Hkwfedk ij iqufoZpkj
ls yksx ladV ds vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftdçHkkoksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, la?k"kZdj jgs gSa] lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksadh fujarj vko';drk c<+ jgh gSA
ysfdu lkekftd lqj{kk ds fy, O;kid ;kstuk cukusds varjjk"Vªh; ç;klksa ds ckotwn] nqfu;k dh ,dcgqr cM+h vkcknh dks lkekftd lqj{kk ds vf/kdkjls fujarj oafpr j[kk x;k gSA vkbZ,yvks ds u,çdk'ku fcfYMax MhlsaV lkslk;Vht % jhfFkafdax njksy v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh bu MsoyiesaV1 esa ;gç'u mBk;k x;k gS fd D;k vkSj fdl çdkjlkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ka] lkekU; rkSj ij] vkSjfo'ks"k :i ls lkekftd lqj{kk fo'o dk;Zlwph esamPp çkFkfedrk çkIr dj ldrh gSA
vksbZlhMh vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk esa,sfrgkfld vkSj lelkef;d fodkl dks lkFk ykrs gq, vkSjekStwnk foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ij fo'ks"k :i ls fopkjdjrs gq, ;g iqLrd mu ubZ varjjk"Vªh; j.kuhfr;ksa ijutj Mkyrh gS tks lkekftd lqj{kk dks LFkkfir djldrh gSa] xjhch de dj ldrh gSa vkSj vkfFkZd ,oa
lkekftd fodkl esa ;ksxnku ns ldrh gSaA blesa ;gfu"d"kZ çLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd bl y{; dks gkfly djusds fy, fuEu vkSj e/;e vk; okys ns'kksa dks pkfg, fd osmPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa ykxw lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksads led{k vius ;gka Hkh lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka ykxwdjsaA
orZeku le; esa] 30 vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa vkSlru] ldy?kjsyw mRikn dk 13 çfr'kr ls vf/kd fgLlk lkekftdlqj{kk dks lefiZr gS] tks fd fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa ls,dne myV gS tgka vkSlru nks çfr'kr ls Hkh de fgLlkbl {ks= dks fn;k tkrk gSA bl vlaxfr dks nwj djus dsfy, bu nksuksa çdkj ds ns'kksa dh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftduhfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;wjksi vkSj vksbZlhMh esa lkekftd laj{k.k
;wjksi vkSj vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksadh 'kq#vkr ,d 'krkCnh igys gh gks xbZ FkhA vkt]lkekftd ifjO;; dk mPp Lrj] de xjhch ls tksM+djns[kk tkrk gS ysfdu bl laca/k esa dqN viokn Hkh gSaA tSlsbLVksfu;k] iksySaM vkSj Lyksokfd;k esa] tgka ifjO;; dk mPpLrj gS] xjhch Hkh mPp Lrj ij dk;e gSA ?kjsyw cktkj ds,dhdj.k vkSj fodkl ds lkFk] ;wjksih; la?k ¼bZ;w½ ij ;gncko fujarj c<+ jgk gS fd ,sls u, lkekftd laj{k.kfodkl e‚My dks eatwj fd;k tk, tks lkekftd lqj{kkvkSj HkkbZpkjs ij vk/kkfjr gks &;wjksih; la?k ds Lrj ij foÙkiksf"kr ;wjksih; la?k dh ,d lkekftd uhfrA
vksbZlhMh dh lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkyh esa lkoZHkkSfedvkSj pquhank mik;ksa dk lekos'k gS] fQj Hkh vksbZlhMh dslHkh ns'k bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs gSa fd lkekftd lqj{kkvk/kqfudhdj.k vkSj nh?kZdkyhu o`f) dk lk/ku gS] vkSj ns'kdh xjhch nwj djus dk HkhA vxj fuEu vk; okys ns'kksadks lkekftd lqj{kk dh vksbZlhMh ç.kkfy;ksa dks viukukgS rks oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr muesaifjorZu fd, tkus pkfg,A
1 ihVj VkmulsaM] fcfYMax MhlsaV
lkslk;Vht % jhfFkafdax n jksy
v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh bu
MsoyiesaV] vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&121995&8-
vkbZ,yvks] 2009 ¼iSyxzso
eSdfeyu ifCy'klZ ds lkFk lg
çdkf'kr½- ist 36 Hkh ns[ksaA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
tS
,sls e‚Myksa dks fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ykxw fd;k tkldrk gS] ;g ç'u bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd ns'kdk jktuSfr Loj fdruk fofo/krkiw.kZ gSA vehj yksdra=ksaesa vis{kkd`r lerkoknh dk;Zdze gksrs gSa] ftuesa ls dqNrks lHkh ij ykxw gksrs gSa] vkSj dqN xjhc vkSj de vk;okys ifjokjksa dks yf{kr gksrs gSaA nwljh rjQ] fodkl'khyns'kksa esa çfrxkeh ;k dbZ ckj fof'k"V oxZ dks dsafærdk;Zdze dk;e gSaA dY;k.k ds ;wjksih; e‚My] gkykafd;g dHkh iwjh rjg ls vuqdj.kh; ugha gks ldrk] vc Hkhfodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ljdkjh dY;k.k lq/kkjksa dk mi;ksxhlanHkZ çnku djrs gSaAfuEu vk; okys ns'kksa ds vuqHko
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dsikl lalk/kuksa dk vHkko gS vkSj ;s cgqr vleku gSaA ,d'krkCnh iwoZ] ,f'k;k] vÝhdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa esavkSifuosf'kd lÙkk us fuEu O;kidrk okYkh ;kstukvksa dksçLrkfor fd;k tks ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa vkSj cM+s m|eksads deZpkfj;ksa dks LokLF; ns[kHkky] ekr`Ro vodk'k]fodykaxrk HkÙkk vkSj isa'ku vkfn nsrh FkhaA ysfdu ,dcgqr cM+h vkcknh] fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgus okysxjhcksa dks dksbZ udn ykHk ugha feyrk FkkA vkt Hkhlcls cM+h pqukSrh ;g gS fd lkekftd laj{k.k ds nk;jsdks ,d cM+h vkcknh rd igqapkuk gSA
ljdkjksa vkSj nkrkvksa ds bjknksa ij la'k; fd, tkusds ckotwn] reke v/;;u ;g fn[kkrs gSa fd lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj d`f"k fodkl uhfr;ksa ds chp lgfdz;k dk;egks ldrh gS& mnkgj.k ds fy, bfFk;ksfi;k dh ljdkjQwM QLVZ ls igys dS'k QLVZ çLrko dh vksj c<+ jghgSA ckaXykns'k] bfFk;ksfi;k vkSj ekykoh esa fd, x,v/;;u crkrs gSa fd nh?kZdkyhu lkekftd laj{k.k ijO;; fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj reke dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e lse`nk vkSj ty laj{k.k] lM+dsa] i'kq/ku lfgr d`f"kifjlaifÙk;ka tSlh lkeqnkf;d ifjlaifÙk;ka fodflr dhtk jgh gSaA
nwljh rjQ nf{k.k vÝhdk us lkekftd lg;ksx dhç.kkyh fojklr esa ikbZ gS ftls tkfrxr vk/kkj ijlerkewyd cuk;k x;k] mldk foLrkj fd;k x;k vkSj1998 esa uUgs cPpksa dks udn ykHk tSlh ;kstuk Hkh 'kq:dh xbZA o"kZ 2010 rd ,d u;k vfuok;Z] va'knk;h vk;laca/kh dks"k LFkkfir dj fn;k tk,xk tks lsokfuo`fÙk dsfy, cpr] csjkstxkjh chek] fodykaxrk ,oa e`R;q ij ykHktSlh lqfo/kk,a eqgS¸;k djk,xk& ,d O;kid ç.kkyh dhrjQ ;g ,d eq[; dne gSA
nf{k.k vÝhdk vkSj nwljh txgksa ds dY;k.k fodkldh lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS] ,pvkbZoh@,M~l egkekjh dseísutj lqlaxr ;k O;kid lkekftd lgk;rk uhfr dkvHkkoA blls tqM+h gqbZ] leku LokLF; ns[kHkky dh ,dç.kkyh lqfuf'pr djus dh leL;k Hkh gSA fo'o Lrj ij
10 djksM+ yksx fpfdRlk ij [kpZ djrs&djrs xjhch esathus dks foo'k gks jgs gSa] fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy ns'kksaesaA FkkbZySaM blesa ,d lq[kn viokn gS tgka flQZ 27lkyksa esa leku nk;js dh miyfC/k gkfly dj yh xbZ gS¼fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa tgka ;g 70 o"kksaZ esa gkflyfd;k x;k½] og Hkh fu/kZuksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa dks lg;ksx nsusokyh O;kid uhfr;ksa ds pyrsA
lkekftd lqj{kk dks oSf'od çksRlkgu
la;qä jk"Vª vkSj lHkh varjjk"Vªh; fudk;ksa dh eq[;j.kuhfr;ksa dks fo'o Lrj ij xjhch de djus dh uhfr;ksavkSj O;kid fodkl ds eq[; rRo ds :i ,d ,slhlkekftd lqj{kk dks çksRlkgu nsuk pkfg, tks lHkh ns'kksadks leku :i ls çxfr djus yk;d l{ke cuk,A ;g,d lans'k Hkh gS fd tks o"kZ 2008&09 ds foÙkh; vkSjvkfFkZd ladV ds eísutj çklafxd gSA fodklxr uhfrij gksus okyh ppkZvksa esa bls LFkku fn;k tk jgk gSA lHkhns'kksa esa ewyHkwr lkekftd laj{k.k dks çLrkfor djus dsfy, la;qä jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; ç;klksa dk ghljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa }kjk] twu 2009 dhvkbZ,yvks oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k esa vkºoku fd;k x;k gStks bl laca/k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA
25
vkt eq[; pqukSrh gS] leLr vkcknh rd lkekftd lqj{kk dknk;jk c<+kuk--- vkSj lHkh ns'kksa esa ewyHkwr lkekftd laj{k.k dksçLrkfor djuk---
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kbZ,y
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Vu
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
26
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
varjjk"Vªh;Je lEesyuvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu 2009 ds
l= esa u dsoy ,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/kdks Lohdr fd;k x;k cfYd vusd vU; eqíksaij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k] tSls ,pvkbZoh@,M~lvkSj Je dh nqfu;k ij vkbZ,yvks dk u;k
mik;] fo'o Lrj ij cykr Je dh vkfFkZd vkSjlkekftd ykxr] vkbZ,yvks le>kSrksa vkSjflQkfj'kksa dks fØ;kfUor djuk vkSj ySafxdlekurk dks vkbZ,yvks dh mRd"V Jedk;Zlwph dk eq[; eqík cukukA
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kbZ,y
vks QksVks
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
27
lEesyu us lcls igys ,pvkbZoh@,M~l vkSj Je dh
nqfu;k ij u, varjk"Vªh; Je ekud ij ppkZ dhA ;g
egkekjh c<+ jgh gS] frl ij foÙkh; ladV us LokLF;
ctV] fodkl lgk;rk vkSj mipkj dk;ZØeksa ij fd;k
tkus okyk [kpZ ?kVk;k gSA blfy, lfefr us O;kogkfjd
dkjZokbZ] lgefr vkSj lg;ksx dh rRdky vko';drk vkSj
çfrc)rk dks nksgjk;kA
;g mEehn dh tk jgh gS fd ,pvkbZoh vkSj Je dh
nqfu;k ij dsafær mik;] jksdFkke dk;ZØeksa vkSj jk"Vªh;
,oa dk;ZLFkyh; Lrjksa ij HksnHkkojfgr mik;ksa dks vkxs
c<+k,xk vkSj blls LokLF; laca/kh vfuf'prrkvksa esa Hkh
deh vk,xhA blls ,pvkbZoh dh jksdFkke] mipkj]
ns[kHkky vkSj lg;ksx rd igqap cukus esa Je dh nqfu;k
ds ;ksxnku dks etcwrh feysxh vkSj lwpuk xzg.k djus
vkSj muds fujh{k.k dks çksRlkgu feysxkA çLrkfor
flQkfj'k ij twu 2010 esa nksckjk ppkZ gksxhA
lEesyu us Je dh nqfu;k esa ySafxd lekurk ij Hkh
ppkZ dhA ;g eqík vkbZ,yvks ds fy, egRoiw.kZ vkSj
ewY;oku gS vkSj mldh mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwph dk vfuok;Z
?kVd gSA ySafxd lekurk ij laxBu dh lfefr us dgk
fd o"kZ 1985 ls gh efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds chp lekurk
dh fn'kk esa c<+r gkfly gqbZ] tc lEesyu esa bl eqís ij
lkekU; ppkZ dh xbZA fQj Hkh eq[; pqukSrh ;Fkkor gS%
efgykvksa dks ikfjokfjd mÙkjnkf;Ro dk ,d cM+k fgLlk
ogu djuk iM+rk gS] ftlls Je cktkj esa mudh iw.kZ
Hkkxhnkjh vkSj vkfFkZd l'kähdj.k çHkkfor gksrk gS] leku
ewY; okys Je ds fy, Hkh iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa os de
dekrh gSa] vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj de vk; okyh
vdq'ky ukSdfj;ksa esa cM+h la[;k esa yxh gksrh gSa] vkSj
usr`Ro laHkkyus okys inksa ij mudh la[;k lkekU; rkSj
ij de gksrh gSA
98 osa varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu us o"kZ 2010&11 ds fy, 7267 yk[kvesfjdh M‚yj dk dk;ZØe vkSj ctV Lohd`r fd;k tks fd o"kZ2008&09 ds lalk/kuksa ds Lrj dks cjdjkj j[ks gq, gSA bl lEesyu esalaxBu ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds pkj gtkj ls Hkh vf/kd ljdkjh] JfedvkSj fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA
çfrfuf/k;ksa us dgk fd oSf'od vkfFkZd eanh ls efgykvksa dks l'kä djusds ç;klksa dks /kDdk t:j yxk gS ysfdu blls ,slh lerkewyd uhfrçfrfdz;kvksa dks fodflr djus ds volj Hkh fey jgs gSa tks dke vkSjifjokj dh ftEesnkfj;ksa esa laxfr cSBkus esa efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa dks csgrjvolj çnku djsaxsA Hkfo"; esa vkbZ,yvks dk nkf;Ro& tks fd jkstxkjladV ij mldh çfrfØ;k Hkh gS& ;g gS fd og vius la?kVdksa dkslg;ksx çnku djsxk fd os f'k{kk] dq'kyrk çf'k{k.k] ikfjokfjdftEesnkfj;ksa dks ckaVus] vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa Je] ukSdfj;ksa dkeqvkotk vkSj m|ferk fodkl gkfly djus ds fy, efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksadks leku volj nsaA lEesyu ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ fjiksVZ esa ,slhuhfr;ksa dk mYys[k Fkk ftudh enn ls jkstxkj voljksa] lkekftdlaj{k.k] lkekftd laokn vkSj dk;ZLFky ij vf/kdkjksa rd igqap cukdjySafxd vlekurk dks de fd;k tk ldsA
lEesyu ds lekiu ij çfrfuf/k;ksa us vf/kd`r vjc {ks=ksa esa Jfedksa dhfLFkfr ij vkbZ,yvks dh gkfy;k fjiksVZ ij ppkZ dhA ;g fjiksVZ ^vf/kd`rvjc {ks=ksa esa ,d fujk'kktud ekuoh;] vkfFkZd o lkekftd fLFkfr]ftl ij Bi iM+h 'kkafr okrkZ dh dkyh Nk;k gS*] dks fpf=r djrh gSA*
lekiu cSBd esa 9 twu dks cykr Je ij vkbZ,yvks dh okf"kZd fjiksVZij ppkZ Hkh dh xbZA n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku uke dh bl fjiksVZ esavkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd cykr Je ls çHkkfor Jfedksa ls cy ç;ksxls dk;Z djokus dh ykxr 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kd gS ¼ns[ksavxyk ys[k½A
varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu%,d fogaxe –f"V
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
28
le>kSrksa vkSj flQkfj'kksa ds dk;kZUo;u
ij lEesyu lfefr us djhc 25 ekeyksa dh
tkaap dhA le>kSrksa vkSj flQkfj'kksa ds
dk;kZUo;u ij vkbZ,yvks dh fo'ks"kK
lfefr us bu ekeyksa dks viuh ,d fjiksVZ
esa mfYyf[kr fd;k Fkk vkSj mls lEesyu esa
çLrqr fd;k FkkA
lfefr us cykr Je le>kSrk] 1930 ¼la[;k 29½ ds
lanHkZ esa E;kaekj ds vkosnu ij fo'ks"k cSBd dh vkSj
vkbZ,yvks ds vuqPNsn 33 ds lanHkZ esa bl vkosnu ij
vuqorZu ds çko/kku fd,A
E;kaekj ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dneksa dks ekU;rk
nsrs gq,] ftuesa cykr Je ij f'kdk;r ç.kkyh dk
foLrkj 'kkfey gS] lfefr us ;g dgus esa ladksp ugha
fd;k fd ;s dne vi;kZIr gSaA lfefr us ljdkj ls
vkxzg fd;k fd og deh'ku v‚Q bUDok;jh dh
flQkfj'kksa vkSj fo'ks"kK lfefr dh fVIif.k;ksa vkSj
çs{k.kks a dks vfoyac ykxw djsA fo'ks"k :i ls] lfefr us
ljdkj ls dgk fd mls vkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrk la[;k
29 ds vuqdwy çklafxd fo/kk;h fo"k;ksa vkSj u, lafo/kku
dks cukus ds fy, vko';d dne mBkus pkfg,] LFkk;h
,oa O;kid Lrj ij QSys cykr Je ds iw.kZ mUewyu dks
lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,] vkSj cykr Je djokus okys
yksxksa] pkgs os ukxfjd gksa ;k lsuk vf/kdkjh] ij naM
lafgrk ds rgr eqdnek pykuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa ltk
nsuh pkfg,] ljdkj dh cykr Je mUewyu dh uhfr
vkSj nksf"k;ksa dks nafMr djus ds bjkns ds ckjs esa yksxksa
dks tkudkjh nsus ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd oäO; tkjh
djuk pkfg,] cykr Je ij f'kdk;r ç.kkyh ds
dkedkt ds ckjs esa ljy Hkk"kk esa tkudkjh nsus okyk
czks'kj cukuk pkfg, vkSj cykr Je ds ihfM+rksa ,oa
muds ifjokjksa dks f'kdk;r ntZ djkus esa vkus okyh
fnDdrksa dks nwj djuk pkfg,A
lfefr us E;kaekj esa fujarj ekuokf/kdkjksa ds
mYya?ku] ftlesa vkax lku lw dh dh utjcanh 'kkfey
gS] ij xaHkhj fpark tkfgj dhA lfefr us lw dh vkSj
nwljs jktuhfrd cafn;ksa] lkFk gh Je dk;ZdrkZvksa dks
fjgk djus dk vkxzg fd;kA blds vfrfjä mu yksxksa
dh rRdky fjgkbZ dh Hkh ekax dh xbZ tks f'kdk;r
ç.kkyh ls tqM+s gSa vkSj bl le; canh cuk, x, gSaA
E;kaekj dks laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus ds
vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrs] 1948 ¼la[;k
87½ ds fdz;kUo;u esa fujarj foQyrk ds ekeys esa Hkh
lwphc) fd;k x;k gSA lfefr us ;kn fnyk;k fd cykr
Je ds LFkkf;Ro dks] laxBu dh Lora=rk dh iwjh rjg
ls xSjekStwnxh vkSj tks laxfBr gksus dk ç;kl djrs
gSa] mu ij eqdnek pykus ls vyx djds ugha ns[kk tk
ldrkA
lfefr us nks vU; fo'ks"k ekeyksa ij Hkh lEesyu dk
/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA bZjku ds ekeys esa] HksnHkko
¼jkstxkj vkSj O;olk;½ le>kSrs] 1958 ¼la[;k 111½ ds
fdz;kUo;u ij ppkZ dh xbZA lfefr us fpark tkfgj dh
fd ogka ds Je cktkj esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr esa dksbZ
[kkl lq/kkj ugha vk;kA jkstxkj vkSj O;olk; rd
/kkfeZd vkSj tkrh; vYila[;dksa dh leku igqap u gks
ikus ij Hkh lfefr us fpark çdV dhA
LokthySaM ds ekeys esa] lfefr us ljdkj dk
vkºoku fd;k fd mls vius ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa dk
bLrseky djus okys O;fä;ksa] ftUgsa utjcan fd;k x;k
gS] dh fjgkbZ dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A lfefr us
nq[k tkfgj fd;k fd gkykafd vkbZ,yvks us dqN le;
iwoZ ogka dh ljdkj dks rduhdh lg;ksx çnku fd;k
Fkk] ljdkj us laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus
ds vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrs] 1948 ¼la[;k
87½ ds vuq:i fdlh jk"Vªh; dkuwu dks Lohd`r djus
dk dk;Z ugha fd;kA
lEesyu lfefr }kjk bl o"kZ O;kolkf;d lqj{kk o
LokLF; le>kSrk] 1981 ¼la[;k 155½] O;kolkf;d lqj{kk
o LokLF; flQkfj'k] 1981 ¼la[;k 164½ vkSj
O;kolkf;d lqj{kk o LokLF; le>kSrs] 1981 ij 2002
ds çksVksd‚y ij lkekU; losZ{k.k ppkZ dh xbZA lfefr
us ppkZ ds ckn tks fu"d"kZ fn;k] mlesa mlus blls
lacaf/kr mik; dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dkjZokbZ
;kstuk r; dhA
varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds çeq[k dk;Z gS a]
varjjk"Vªh; Je ekudks a dks Lohd`r djuk vkSj muds
varjjk"Vªh; Je ekud
* vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEufyf[kr osclkbV ns[ksa%
http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Officialmeetings/ilc/ILCSessions/98thSession/comm_reports/lang--en/index.htm
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
Qhpj
29
vuqikyu ij utj j[kuk] laxBu dk ctV cukuk
vkSj lapkyu fudk; ds lnL;ks a dks fuokZfpr djukA
o"kZ 1919 ls] lEesyu us fo'o O;kih egRo okys
lkekftd vkSj Je laca/kh eqíks a ij foe'kZ dk
varjjk"Vªh; eap çnku fd;k gSA vkbZ,yvks ds 183
lnL; ns'kks a es a ls çR;sd dks lEesyu esa pkj çfrfuf/k
Hkstus dk vf/kdkj gS% ljdkj dh vksj ls nks çfrfuf/k]
vkSj ,d Jfed o ,d fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k] buesa ls
çR;sd dks cksyus vkSj Lora= :i ls ernku djus dk
vf/kdkj gSA
vkbZ,yvks lapkyu fudk; us u, v/;{k dks pquklaxBu dh Lora=rk ij xfBr lfefr us E;kaekj] dacksfM;k vkSj bZjku dk gokyk fn;k
varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy; ds lapkyu fudk; us czkthy dh jktuf;d vkSjtsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vª dk;kZy; esa czkthy dh LFkk;h çfrfuf/k lqJhekfj;k utjsFk Qjkuh vtsosMks dks o"kZ 2009&10 ds l= ds fy, v/;{kpqukA lapkyu fudk; ds 305 osa l= esa vusd çdkj ds nwljs eqíksa ij Hkh ppkZdh xbZ ftlesa laxBu dh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks lfefr dh ,d fjiksVZ'kkfey gSAlqJh vtsosMks ls igys bl in ij Jh tsMftLyko jkikLdh Fks] tksfu'klzhdj.k lEesyu esa iksySaM ds jktuf;d vkSj tsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vªdk;kZy; esa iksySaM ds LFkk;h çfrfuf/k FksA mUgksaus 2008&09 ds fy, lapkyufudk; ds v/;{k dk in laHkkyk FkkA o"kZ 2003 ls 2007 ds nkSjku lqJhvtsosMks us fons'kh ekeyksa ds ea=h ds lkFk çR;{k :i ls dk;Z fd;k Fkk]'kq#vkr esa jktuSfrd eqíksa ij muds lykgdkj ds :i esa vkSj fQj o"kZ2005 esa muds LVkQ çeq[k ds :i esaA o"kZ 2004&05 esa] jktuf;d vtsosMksjk"Vªifr yqyk dh mudh igy] ^,sD'ku vxsaLV gaxj ,aM ikoVhZ* esa çeq[kokrkZdkj FkhaA flracj 2008 ls] og tsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vª vkSj vU;varjjk"Vªh; dk;kZy;ksa esa czkthy dh LFkk;h çfrfuf/k cuhaAckjckMksl dh odZlZ ;wfu;u ds egklfpo vkSj lapkyu fudk; esa Jfedlewg ds çoäk lj ysj‚; Vª‚VeSu dks Jfedksa dk mi lHkkifr iqufuZokZfprfd;k x;k vkSj vtsaZVhuk dh baMfLVª;y ;wfu;u ds lkekftd uhfr foHkkxds v/;{k vkSj 1995 ls 1998 rd vesfjdh jkT;ksa ds laxBu ds fu;ksäk
lewg ds lHkkifr Jh MSfu;y ¶;wUl n jksftvk dks fu;ksäkvksa dk milHkkifr iqufuZokZfpr fd;k x;kA ;s rhuksa 2009&10 ds l= ds fy, lapkyu fudk; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds rkSjij dk;Z djsaxsA lapkyu fudk;] vkbZ,yvks dh dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn gS vkSjtsusok esa lky esa rhu ckj bldh cSBd gksrh gSA ;g uhfrxr fu.kZ; ysrhvkSj laxBu ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, dk;Zdze vkSj ctV r; djrh gSA varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu esa gqbZ ppkZ ds ckn ljdkj] fu;ksäk vkSj Jfedçfrfuf/k;ksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks Lohd`r fd;k vkSj bls fØ;kfUordjus ds fy, rRdky O;kogkfjd mik; djus dk vkºoku fd;kA bl laf/kds ek/;e ls jk"Vªh; ,oa varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu fd;k tkrk gSftlls vkfFkZd cgkyh] jkstxkj mRltZu vkSj Je'khy yksxksa o mudsifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku dh tk ldsAlapkyu fudk; us laxBu dh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks lfefr dh 354 ohafjiksVZ dks Lohd`r fd;kA viuh cSBd esa lfefr us 26 ekeyksa dh tkap dhAdqy feykdj] lfefr ds ikl vHkh 134 ekeys gSaA lfefr E;kaekj] dacksfM;kvkSj bZjku ds ekeyksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku ns jgh gS ¼vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,fuEufyf[kr osclkbV ns[ksa% http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/Media_and_public_information/Press_releases/lang--en/WCMS_108519/index.htm.
© v
kbZ,y
vks QksVks
lj ysj‚; Vª‚VeSu Jh MSfu;y ¶;wUl njksftvk
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
30
90 ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k; ds fy, dk;Zjrvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu l= us
lVhd volj çLrqr fd;k ftles {ks=ksa lslh/ks ;g lquk tk ldrk Fkk fd mUgksausvkbZ,yvks dh 90 oha o"kZxkaB dSls eukbZvkSj Hkfo"; esa os vkbZ,yvks ls D;k vis{kkj[krs gSaA lekjksgksa dk mís'; Fkk LFkkuh;Lrj ij ,d oSf'od lEesyu eukukA blnkSjku 120 ns'kksa esa 200 dk;ZØe gq,ftlesa gtkjksa yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA buesajk"Vªk/;{kksa vkSj ljdkj çeq[kksa ls ysdjvke yksxksa rd us fgLlsnkjh dhA
vÝhdk ds] 49 ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu dk;Zdze fd, x,FksA bfFk;ksfi;k esa QksVks çn'kZuh] felz esa flDdksa vkSjMkd fVdVksa dk forj.k] dkaxks yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; vkSj?kkuk esa yksdfç; çn'kZu] esMkxkLdj vkSj ls'ksYl esamRd`"V dk;Z laca/kh xhrksa dk xk;u] eksjDdks vkSj ukbtjesa fopkj okrkZ,a vkSj cPpksa ds tqywlA dSe:u] ukehfc;kvkSj LokthySaM esa dfork vkSj fuca/k çfr;ksfxrk,a Hkhvk;ksftr dh xbZaA lkFk gh lkFk fxuh esa f=i{kh;ckLdsVc‚y vkSj lwMku esa QqVcky eSp vk;ksftr fd,x,A vYthfj;k esa vkbZ,yvks ds u, dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHkcsgn Hkkoiw.kZ {k.k FkkA
tSlk fd vÝhdk ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h;funs'kd pkYlZ MSo us bafxr fd;k fd dk;Zdzeksa dhfofHkUurk us rhu cM+h [kwfc;ksa dks js[kkafdr fd;kA lclsigys /;ku dsafær Fkk fd vkt dh vR;ko';dçkFkfedrk,a D;k gSa] eq[;r% vÝhdk ds yksxksa ij oSf'odladV ds nq"ifj.kke D;k gksaxsA Bksl lans'k Fkk ,dlfEefyr çfrfØ;k dk egRo gS tksfd LFkkuh; fodklvkSj ,d lkekftd vFkZO;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr gksA nwljs]ladV ls mcjus okys ns'kksa esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zdzeksa dksykxw djus dh mHkjrh vR;ko';drk vkSj rhljs]f=i{kh;rk dks fodkl ds ,d 'kfä'kkyh mik; ds :iesa O;kid çksRlkgu nsukA
,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa] {ks=h; funs'kd lSfpdks;kekeksrks us dgk] mís'; Fkk Je dh nqfu;k dk] nqfu;kdks csgrj cukus ds fy, dke djukA ,f'k;k esa HkhorZeku vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV varfuZfgrfo"k;oLrq ds :i esa lHkh 22 ns'kksa esa lekjksgksa ij Nk;kjgkA vkbZ,yvks 90 ds vk;kstdksa us bl ekSds dk mi;ksxvkbZ,yvks dh fujarj çklafxdrk ds lans'k dk çlkjdjus esa fd;kA blds fy, vU; lgHkkfx;ksa tSls fdokf.kT; ea=ky;] m|ksx vkSj efgyk ekeyksa ds ea=ky;]lekpkj ek/;e vkSj var esa turk ftuesa fd cPps 'kkfey
gSa] rd igaqp cukbZ xbZA blh rjg yscuku esa] ,d mPpLrjh; f=i{kh; dk;Zdze laln esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k]vkSj tksMZu esa dk;Zdzeksa dk lg çk;kstu vkbZ,yvks vkSjvU; laLFkk lgHkkfx;ksa us fd;kA cM+h la[;k esa jk"Vªk/;{kksavkSj ljdkj çeq[kksa us Hkh Hkkx fy;kA buesa fQyhihal dsjk"Vªifr }kjk dh xbZ ;g uoksUes"kh ?kks"k.kk Hkh 'kkfey gSfd 21 vçSy ls ,d ebZ rd vkbZ,yvks lIrkg euk;ktk,xkA
ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= esa 22 ns'kksa usf=i{kh; dk;Zdzeksa ds lkFk vkbZ,yvks 90 esa Hkkx fy;kA;gka Hkh bl volj dk ubZ lgHkkfxrk,a cukus ds rkSjij mi;ksx fd;k x;k ftuesa mnkgj.k ds fy, lkalnvkSj ;qok 'kkfey FksA cM+h la[;k esa u, çdk'ku vkSjmi;ksxh ikBî lkexzh tkjh dh xbZ ftuesa lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj Je dkS'ky ds jk"Vªh; f=i{kh; çek.ku dhçfdz;kvksa ls ysdj ,d {ks=h; Je lkaf[;dh; MsVkcslrd 'kkfey FksA bl volj ds fy, ,d Cy‚x dh Hkhjpuk dh xbZ ftlesa v|ru ikjLifjd Kku dkvknku&çnku fd;k x;kA
{ks=h; funs'kd thu eSfuusV us Hkh ladV dh vksj/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k vkSj ,d csgn Bksl çfrfdz;k dh'kq#vkr vtsaZVhuk dh jk"Vªifr fdz'puj us dh tcmUgksaus vkbZ,yvks dks th &20 ds fopkj foe'kZ dk fgLlkcukus dh t:jr dks js[kkafdr fd;kA mUgsa rqjarczkthfy;kbZ jk"Vªifr ywyk dk leFkZu feyk fd bl laca/kesa ,d la;qä i= fczVsu ds ç/kkuea=h xksMZu czkmu dksHkstk tk,A
;wjksi vkSj e/; ,f'k;k esa] {ks=h; funs'kd is=kmY'kks;Qj us f=i{kh; ?kVdksa ds mRlkg vkSj buesa'kkfey 20 ns'kksa dh mPp Lrjh; Hkkxhnkjh ij tksj nsrsgq, dk;Zdzeksa dh 'kq#vkr dhA dk;Zdzeksa dh fofHkUurk usjk"Vªh; çkFkfedrkvksa dks çfrfcafcr fd;k ysfdu vU;{ks=ksa dh rjQ ;gka Hkh oSf'od ladV dk lanHkZ fn;k x;kvkSj lkekftd U;k; ds fl)kar ij fVds jgus ds egRoij tksj fn;k x;kA
blh çdkj ySfVu vesfjdk esa vkbZ,yvks dk;Zlwph dks{ks=h; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; çfdz;kvksa ls vksr&çksr dj nsusdh ;kstukvksa dks mn?kkfVr fd;k x;kA mnkgj.k ds fy,csfYt;e ds mi ç/kkuea=h us ?kks"k.kk dh fd ;wjksih; la?kdh vkxkeh v/;{krk ds nkSjku mRd`"V dk;Z ,d lclsegRoiw.kZ fo"k;oLrq jgsxkA lHkh ns’kksa esa gq, vk;kstuksadk dsUnz os miyfC/k;ka Fkha] tks fiNys dbZ lkyksa lsvkbZ,yvks ds lg;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i izkIr dh xbZ gS]fo’ks"k :i ls vkbZ,yvks ds ewY;ksa vkSj lHkh ns'kksa esamudh izklafxdrk ds lanHkZ esaA ladV ds izfr vkbZ,yvksdh vrhr vkSj orZeku dh izfrfØ;k vkSj vuqdwyu ,oavk/kqfudhdj.k dh mldh {kerk dks js[kkafdr djus dsfy, ;g ukjk ^90 o"kZ ls lkekftd U;k; ds fy, la?k"kZ]*ckj&ckj nksgjk;k x;kA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
31
90 ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k; ds fy, dk;Zjr
vtsaZVhuk ds jk"Vªifr fØLVhuk QukaZMst n fd'puj th&20 esa vkbZ,yvks dks layXu djus dh ekax djrs gSa] ogmRd`"V Je ij f=i{kh; lsfeukj dk lacksf/kr dj jgs FksA
© vkbZ,yvks@tsusok
felz dh Vdlky us uDdk'kh fd, gq, pkanh dsLekjd flDds tkjh fd, % ^lkekftd U;k; ds fy,dk;Z o"kZxkaB dh fo"k;oLrq ls Hkh vf/kd cu pqdkFkkA ;g vrhr vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy, gekjs vf/kns'kds ckjs esa gekjk ewY;kadu gSA*
© egEen vy gíkn
igyh iSu vÝhdh QksVks çn'kZuh esa nSfud thou vkSj Jeds lkekftd vk;keksa dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA rLohjsa vkBçeq[k vÝhdh QksVksxzkQlZ us yh gSaA
© vkbZ,yvks@bfFk;ksfi;k
czkthy us vkbZ,yvks dh 90 ohalkyfxjg ds fy, Lekjd ewfrZf'kYiHksaV fd;k tksfd nqfu;k Hkj esaf=i{kh;rk dk çfrfuf/kRo djsxkA
© vyslkaæk Mk;l
vkbZ,yvks ds lkekftd U;k; ?kks"k.kki= dksc<+kok nsus ds vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr ds ekSdsij mRd`"V Je ds fy, vfHk;ku pykrsfgLlsnkjA
© d¸;we jtk ehj] QksVksQS'ku
dacksfM;k esa vkbZ,yvks dh 90 oha o"kZxkaB dslekjksgksa us LFkkuh; m|ferk vkSj gLrf'kYi;kstuk,a çnf'kZr dha ftUgsa vkbZ,yvks dk leFkZufeykA
© vkbZ,yvks@dacksfM;k
leksvk esa gq, ,d la;qä lekjksgesa ftlesa ljdkjksa vkSj JfedksarFkk fu;ksäkvksa ds laxBuksa us Hkkxfy;k] vkbZ,yvks dh 90 ohao"kZxkaB ds volj ij ,d LekjdMkdfVdV tkjh fd;k x;kA
© dhu ehfM;k] cSadkd
yk[kksa yksxksa us çfr fnu ekLdks ds esVªks LVs'kuksa ij yxsvkbZ,yvks 90 fcycksMksaZ dk voyksdu fd;kA budk lans'k;kf=;ksa dks vkbZ,yvks dh 90oha o"kZxkaB esa Hkkx ysus ds fy,vkeaf=r djrk FkkA
© vkbZ,yvks@ekLdks
tksMZu esa vkbZ,yvks ds f=i{kh; ?kVdksa us 90 oha o"kZxkaB dkscsgrj Je dk;Zdzeksa ij /;ku dsafær djrs gq, euk;kA
© vkbZ,yvks@tksMZu
lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa us nf{k.k e/; lksekfy;k ds fy, varfjemRd"V Je ns'kh; dk;ZØe dk fodkl fd;k tks fd l'kälqj{kk] 'kkafr vkSj ç'kklu ls lacaf/kr Fkk rkfd jkstxkj dscsgrj volj iSnk gks ldsaA
© eksgEen jkscy gqlSu] lksekfy;k
LFkkuh; laokn dks c<+kok nsus ds mís'; dk oSf'odegRo vkSj çHkko gS] egkfuns'kd dk dFku tks fd blçkFkfed voyksdu esa Hkyh çdkj fy[kk x;k Fkk] {ks=h;funs'kdksa }kjk çnku fd;k x;kA cM+h la[;k esa
xfrfof/k;ka o"kZ ds var rd pyk, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA;s Hkh fo'o Hkj esa QSyh gqbZ gksaxh tks vkbZ,yvks ds lans'k]ewY;ksa vkSj lek/kkuksa dks LFkkuh; vkSj fVdkÅ cukus esaennxkj gksaxhA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
fo'o esa cykr Je ds iSVUlZ ij fd, x,,d v/;;u esa vkbZ,yvks us dgk gS fd yksxksals cyiwoZd Je djus dh ^voljoknh ykxr*çfr o"kZ 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kdgSA
n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku uked bl fjiksVZ 1 esa muvuSfrd] /kks[ks vkSj vkijkf/kd rjhdksa dk ftØ fd;kx;k gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i dksbZ O;fä cykr Je dksck/; gksrk gSA bl fjiksVZ esa bu rjhdksa dks lekIr djusdk vkºoku fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] bl fjiksVZ esa cykrJe ¼ftls csxkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS½ dks jksdus esavarjjk"Vªh; vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ds ç;klksa esa mYys[kuh;c<+r dk C;kSjk Hkh gSA fjiksVZ esa psrkouh nh xbZ gS fdoSf'od vkfFkZd o jkstxkj ladV dk bl çdkj ds Jeij cqjk vlj iMs+xkA
fjiksVZ dk vuqeku gS fd fofHkUu çdkj ds mRihM+udk ç;ksx djds yksxksa ls Je djokus dh ^voljoknhykxr* çfr o"kZ 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kd gSAfjiksVZ esa bls u"V gksus okyh vk; dgk x;k gSA bldslkFk ,d vkfFkZd cgl Hkh 'kq: gksrh gS] lkFk gh uSfrdiz'u Hkh fd ljdkjsa bl eqís dks mPp çkFkfedrk D;ksaugha nsrhaA
;g crkrs gq, fd vusd n'kdksa ls vkfFkZd o foÙkh;ladV ds chp bls tkjh fd;k x;k gS] vkbZ,yvks dkdguk gS fd ^ladV dh fLFkfr;ksa esa] lcls laosnu'khylewg gh lcls T;knk çHkkfor gksrk gSA ,sls le; esa ;glqfuf'pr djuk cgqr t:jh gksrk gS fd lqj{kk mik;ksadh dher ij le>kSrs ugha fd, tkus pkfg, & og Hkh,sls lqj{kk mik;] ftUgsa vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk esa cykr Je vkSjrLdjh dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr esgur ls ykxw fd;kx;k gksA*
v/;;u esa cykr Je dks jksdus dh fn'kk esa fd,tkus okys oSf'od ç;klksa dk fooj.k gSA tcfd cgqr lsns'kksa us dkuwu ykxw djds] cykr Je dks vkijkf/kdd`R; ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gS vkSj mu ns'kksa esa bl çdkj dkJe Nqikdj ugha fd;k tkrk] dbZ ns'kksa esa bl çdkj dsmRihM+u dh igpku djuk eqf'dy gSA
fjiksVZ esa bafxr fd;k x;k gS fd cykr Je dks dedjus vkSj jksdus ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; o jk"Vªh; Lrj dsxgu ç;klksa esa u, dkuwuksa vkSj uhfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;ktkuk pkfg, vkSj ftu yksxksa ds cykr Je vkSj rLdjhdk f'kdkj gksus dh vk'kadk gS] mudh lkekftd lqj{kkds fy, çko/kku fd, tkus pkfg,A
^T;knkrj cykr Je fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa djk;k tkrkgS] vDlj vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vkSj detksjlajpuk] Je fujh{k.k vkSj dkuwuh çorZu okys]vyx&Fkyx iM+s {ks=ksa esa*] fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS]^,dhd`r uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls gh ,slhfLFkfr ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA blds fy, dkuwu çorZudks jksdFkke vkSj lqj{kk ds mik;ksa ds lkFk lfEefyrfd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mu yksxksa dks l'kä fd;k tkukpkfg, ftuds cykr Je dk f'kdkj gksus dh lokZf/kdvk'kadk gks] ftlls os vius vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dj ldsaA*
^gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd cykr Je ,d xaHkhjvkijkf/kd d`R; gS ftlds fy, naM fn;k tkuk pkfg,A*cykr Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds fo'ks"kdkjZokbZ dk;Zdze ds çeq[k j‚tj IykaV dgrs gSa] ^gesa ;gHkh ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd cykr Je ij vf/kdrj jk"Vªh;dkuwu cgqr foLrkj ls dqN ugha dgrs ftlls cykr Jeds mu reke çdkjksa dks yf{kr djuk eqf'dy gksrk gStks yksxksa dks mRihfM+r djrs gSaA bu leL;kvksa dks,dhd`r :i ls yf{kr djuk vko';d gS& Je vkSjvkijkf/kd U;k; dk ç;ksx djrs gq,& jksdFkke vkSjdkuwu çorZu ds ek/;e lsA*
© ts-McY;w- Msykuks ,V OgkV dkWLV@vkbZ,yvks
cykr Je dk lkekftdvkSj vkfFkZd ewY;
1 n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku]dk;ZLFky ij ewyHkwr fl)karksavkSj vf/kdkjksa ds vkbZ,yvks?kks"k.kki= dh vuqorhZ]oSf'od fjiksVZ] 2009]varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;]tsusok- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&120628&6
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
32 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
dke djus okys gkFkks a dh enn ds fcukHkfo"; dh bekjr dh uhao ugha j[kh tkldrhA vkt reke fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk,atyok;q ifjorZu dh =klnh ls tw> jgh gSaAvxj Hkfo"; dks bl =klnh ls vlj ls eqädjuk gS rks vHkh ls Bksl igy dh tkuhpkfg,A vkSj] bl igy esa Je dh nqfu;k dkslcls igys Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] crkjgh gSa] ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= ds fy,vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h; dk;kZy; dh {ks=h;funs'kd lkfpdks ;kekeksVksA
36 o"khZ; ehuk Bkdqj vius ifjokj ds lkFk e/;
çns'k ds tcyiqj ftys esa jgrh gSA mldk ifr ,d
fdlku gS vkSj ekSleh [ksrh djrk gSA ckdh le; og
vkSj ehuk feydj xkscj ds miys cukrs gSa vkSj mUgsa
ikl ds bZaV Hkës esa csp vkrs gSaA LFkkuh; nqX/k m|ksx
dh xk;ksa ds xkscj dk fuLrkj.k djuk] vkl&ikl ds
leqnk;ksa ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; gSA pwafd ;g xkscj
b/kj&m/kj QSydj u dsoy nqxZU/k QSykrk gS vkSj ;gka
dh unh dks nwf"kr djrk gS cfYd blls QSyus okyh
ehFksu xSl okrkoj.k dks çnwf"kr Hkh djrh gSA
blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd tyok;q ifjorZu ls tqM+s
dk;Zdzeksa vkSj foÙkh; lg;ksx& uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ
¼fjU;w,scy ,uthZ½vkSj thfodksiktZu ds O;kid lk/kuksa
rd igqap dk tcyiqj dk fdlku leqnk; Lokxr
djsxkA ysfdu fQygky vxj ,slh dksbZ igy dh tkrh
gS rks ehuk vkSj mlds ifjokj ij dgj VwV tk,xkA
ehuk gh ugha] bykds ds nwljs fdlkuksa dk gky Hkh
csgky gksxkA vxj ehuk vkSj mlds tSls nwljs fdlkuksa
dks miys cukus ds fy, xkscj u feys] rks bu fdlkuksa
dh jksth&jksVh fNu tk,xhA
ehuk ds ifjokj esa ikap yksx gSaA ehuk] mldk ifr
vkSj rhu cPpsA miys cspdj ;g ifjokj gj eghus rhu
gtkj #i, dekrk gS vkSj mlh esa xqtkjk djrk gSA
D;k ;g ifjokj fdlh Hkh rjg ds cnyko ;k rjDdh
ds fy, rS;kj gS\ vxj mls miys cukus ds fy, xkscj
ugha feyrk] rks og nkus&nkus dk eksgrkt gks tk,xkA
;g ifjokj tyok;q ifjorZu dks ml rjg ugha le>
ldrk] tSls ge le>rs gSaA ysfdu ;g Hkh lp gS fd
mlds lg;ksx ds fcuk] tyok;q ifjorZu dh pqukSrh dks
thfodksiktZu ds csgrj lk/kuksa esa cnyuk laHko ughaA
dkxth le>kSrksa dks tehuh Lrj ds Bksl ifjorZu esa
cnyus ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd vke vkneh bl
cnyko ds fy, rS;kj gksA
gkykafd vkfFkZd eanh NaV jgh gS] ;g Hkh ,d cgqr
cM+h lPpkbZ gS fd ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= ds vusd
fodkl'khy ns'kks a esa lkekftd ladV vHkh dk;e gSA
nf{k.k iwohZ ,f'k;k esa tuojh ls flracj rd vkadM+s
crkrs gSa fd ;gka csjkstxkjh 10 çfr'kr rd c<+ xbZ gS
vkSj Je mRikndrk esa 2-5 çfr'kr dh deh vkbZ gSA
vxj csjkstxkjh dk ;g vkye gS rks tyok;q ifjorZu
ij dkSu ckr djuk pkgsxk\
,slh fpark tk;t gS ysfdu blh ds lkFk] dqN
Hkzkafr;ksa dks rksM+k tkuk Hkh t:jh gSA
igyh Hkzkafr rks ;g gS fd vxj ge i;kZoj.k laj{k.k
dh ckr djsaxs] rks lcls igys jkstxkj ij vlj iM+sxkA
'kk;n vkidks ;dhu u gks] ysfdu reke vuqHkoksa ls ;g
lkfcr gqvk gS fd i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, fd, x,
fuos'k ls jkstxkj dks c<+kok feyrk gSA gks ldrk gS
fd blls Je cktkj dh lajpuk esa FkksM+s cgqr cnyko
vk tk,aA yksx tks dke igys djrs Fks] mldh txg
nwljk dke djus yxsaA ysfdu os jkstxkj ls oafpr ugha
gksaxsA dbZ txgksa ij rks yksxksa dks vf/kd csgrj
jkstxkj djus dk ekSdk feyk gS tks muds fy, vf/kd
vk; dk tfj;k cuk gSA ;kuh vFkZO;oLFkk ds gfjr {ks=
tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj jkstxkj
33Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
ls çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls jkstxkj l`tu dks c<+kok
feyrk gSA ,p,lchlh dk ,d losZ{k.k Hkh ;gh crkrk
gSA bl losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj] fo'o Lrj ij fuEu dkcZu
mRikn vkSj lsokvksa okys m|ksx] ,;jksLisl vkSj j{kk
m|ksxksa] nksuksa ds eqdkcys T;knk equkQk dek jgs gSaA
nwljh Hkzkafr ;g gS fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s dk;Zdzeksa ij
/ku [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSA ij ,slk ugha gSA ÅtkZ cpkus
okys midj.kksa ds ç;ksx ls lalk/kuksa dk nh?kZdkyhu
çca/ku gksrk gS vkSj ?kjsyw dk;Z ds rjhdksa esa Hkh lq/kkj
vkrk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kks a esa ,sls mik;ksa ls okrkoj.k
dks çnwf"kr djus okyh xSlksa dk fjlko de gqvk gS
ysfdu jkstxkj dks dksbZ uqdlku ugha gqvk gSA
buds vfrfjä] ,d vkSj ckr gSA vDlj ,slk ekuk
tkrk gS fd i;kZoj.k vkSj tyok;q tSls elyksa ls vke
vkneh dk dksbZ ljksdkj ughaA ;g flQZ fo'ks"kKksa dh
fpark dk fo"k; gS vkSj bUgsa i;kZoj.kfon ;k
le>kSrkdkj gh lqy>k ldrs gSaA ysfdu ;g lgh ugha
gSA fQj ge pkgsa ;k u pkgsa] tyok;q esa cnyko gksxk
vkSj og Hkh] bl vk/kkj ij fd ge dSls mRikn cukrs
gSa] dSls mudk miHkksx djrs gSa vkSj dSls viuh thfodk
pykrs gSaA blls vFkZO;oLFkk ds çR;sd {ks= ij vlj
gksxk] lHkh ns'kks a esa] lHkh yksxksa ijA
bl fn'kk esa ljdkj çfrc)rk fn[kk,xh] ysfdu
blds fy, mls lekt ds lHkh rcdksa dk lg;ksx
feyuk pkfg,A ;qok vkSj o`)] iq#"k vkSj efgyk] xjhc
vkSj vehj] 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k] dkexkj vkSj fu;ksäk]
lHkh dkA tc bl fo"k; esa cM+s dkaÝsal g‚Yl esa ppkZ
gksrh gS rks ehuk tSls yksxksa dh vkokt ml foe'kZ dk
fgLlk ugha cu ikrhA vxj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dh fn'kk
esa Bksl dk;Z djuk gS rks mu yksxksa dks bl dk;Z esa
'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftudk thou lcls igys
çHkkfor gksrk gSA
gka] ,d vPNh [kcj ;g gS fd Je dh nqfu;k us ;g
ckr le> yh gSA bl lky twu esa vkbZ,yvks us Xykscy
t‚Cl iSDV uke dh ,d laf/k dh gS ftlesa fuEu dkcZu]
i;kZoj.k fe= vFkZO;oLFkk dh odkyr dh xbZ gS vkSj
mls jkstxkj cgkyh dk ek/;e cuk;k x;k gSA ;s
jkstxkj xzhu t‚Cl dgykrs gSa tks mRd`"V jkstxkj ds
vykok gfjr vFkZO;oLFkk dks cy nsrs gSaA
ehuk vkSj mlds tSls nwljs yksxksa ds fy, bldk vFkZ
;g gS fd mUgsa vius ekStwnk jkstxkj dk ,d fodYi
ryk'kus esa rduhdh vkSj foÙkh; enn nh tk,A tSls
mUgsa Ms;jh çlaLdj.k tSls ewY; laof/kZr dk;Z fn,
tk,aA ;s mRd`"V jkstxkj gksxk vkSj muds thou Lrj
esa lq/kkj yk,xkA
;kn jf[k,& dke djus okys gkFkks a dh enn ds fcuk
Hkfo"; dh bekjr dh uhao ugha j[kh tk ldrhA blds
fy, ;g t:jh gS fd mUgsa le>k;k tk,A blh ls
vkfFkZd cgkyh laHko gksxh vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k Hkh
gksxkA pwafd jkstxkj vkSj gfjr jkstxkj] ,d gh flDds
ds nks igyw gSaA
34 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
'kckuk iVsy vkSj vk'kk jeS ;kA nks vyx&vyxukeA vyx&vyx /keZA vyx&vyx igpkuA ijfdLlk ,d--- nnZ ,d vkSj vnE; ftthfo"kk Hkh ,dlhA 'kckuk vkSj vk'kk] nksuksa ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSavkSj nksuksa gh ,d i‚ftfVo ykbQ th jgh gSaA nwljksads fy, çsj.kk gSa] mu yksxksa ds fy, tks ftanxh dhgj NksVh&cM+h eqf'dyksa esa gkjdj cSB tkrs gSaA
gky gh esa varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ds ,d dk;Zdze esa Hkkxysus ds fy, nksuksa vius&vius 'kgjksa ls fnYyh ¼Hkkjr½ igqaphFkhaA nksuksa yacs le; ls vius leqnk; ds chp ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVoyksxksa ds fy, dke dj jgh gSaA yksxksa dks bl voLFkk] os blsvoLFkk gh dgrh gSa] ds ckjs esa tkx:d djrh gSa vkSj ,pvkbZohls ladzfer yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kZ djrh gSaAvarjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ds ,pvkbZoh@,M~l dk;dze ds rgrbu nksuksa us blls lacaf/kr çf'k{k.k Hkh gkfly fd;k gSA
^gekjs ijaijkxr lekt esa ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo dk eryc gS]ml 'k[l dk frjLdkj vkSj pfj= guuA blds ckn mldslkFk NqvkNwr vkSj HksnHkkoA vDlj ;g Hkh eku fy;k tkrk gSfd ,pvkbZoh vkSj ,M~l nksuksa ,d lh chekfj;ka gSaA cgqr lsyksx ;g ugha le> ikrs fd ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo ,d voLFkk gSftlesa O;fä cgqr yacs le; rd] dbZ ckj 10&15 lky Hkh]jg ldrk gSA gj ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo dks ,M~l gks tk,& ;gHkh t:jh ughaA^ 'kckuk dgrh gSaA
'kckuk iVsy] eqacbZ dh eqyxhA mez 30 lky] galdj dgrhgSa] ^30 lky blh vDVwcj esa iwjs gq, gSaA tc ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVogksus ds ckjs esa irk pyk Fkk] rc esjh mez 17 lky FkhA M‚DVjus dgk Fkk] nks eghus ls T;knk th ugha ikvksxhA^
'kckuk dh 'kknh 1994 esa eqacbZ ds ÝwV ekdsZV esa dke djusokys dSf'k;j ls gqbZ FkhA rhu lky rd lc dqN Bhd&BkdjgkA 1998 esa ifr vpkud chekj jgus yxs] rks tkap djkbZxbZA irk pyk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSaA llqjkfy;ksa us'kckuk dks rkus nsus 'kq: fd,A eqacbZ tSls cM+s 'kgj dh yM+dhgS] pfj=ghu gksxhA bl ykaNu dk tokc 'kckuk ds firk vkSjmudh HkkHkh us fn;kA os mUgsa ?kj ys vk,A 'kckuk dgrh gSa] ^nkseghus ckn esjs ifr dh ekSr gks xbZA blds ckn esjs ekrk&firkus esjk [kkl [;ky j[kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA^
'kckuk ds thou esa cnyko rc vk;k] tc og ,d ,pvkbZoh
i‚ftfVo O;fä ls feyhaA og LFkkuh; Lrj ij ,sls yksxksa dslkFk dke djrs FksA mUgksaus 'kckuk dh enn dhA og dgrh gSa]^eqacbZ dh yksdy Vªsu esa p<+us rd ls Mj yxrk Fkk eq>sA ysfdublds ckn eSaus [kqn vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksus dh dksf'k'k dhAfiNys lky ls eSa esfMds'ku ij gwa vkSj ,dne LoLFkA*
;g foMacuk gh gS fd ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo T;knkrj efgykvksadks ;g laØe.k vius ifr;ksa ls feyrk gSA ysfdu ykaNu dhHkkxh ogh gksrh gSaA 'kckuk dgrh gSa] ^esjs ifr dks nks lky igysgh irk py pqdk Fkk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSa ysfdumUgksaus eq>s bl ckjs esa ugha crk;k] u gh lsQ lsDl dh dksf'k'kdhA brus lkyksa ckn eSaus mUgsa bl ckr ds fy, ekQ dj fn;kysfdu esjs llqjkyh vc Hkh eq>s gh nks"kh ekurs gSaA*
csaxywj dh vk'kk jeS;k us rks bl ykaNu ds pyrs 'kkjhfjdmRihM+u Hkh lgkA ikap eghus dh 'kknh ds ckn gh mUgsa irkpyk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSaA ;g 1995 dh ckr gSA ifrdh dqN gh eghuksa ds Hkhrj ekSr gks xbZA vk'kk dgrh gSa] ^mulsru t:j tqM+k Fkk] ij eu ughaA mudh ekSr ij esjh vka[k ls,d vkalw ugha fudykA blds ckn esjs llqj us eq>s cgqr ihVkA?kj ls fudky fn;kA mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd muds gês&dês csVsdks eSaus ;g chekjh nh FkhA ij eSa tkurh Fkh fd eSa dSls laØfergqbZ FkhA*
vius ?kj igqaph rks ogka Hkh nks NksVh cgus FkhaA ekrk&firkMjrs Fks] vc mudh 'kknh dSls gksxh\ fQj Hkh mUgksaus vk'kk dksviuk;kA eka us cgqr fgEer fnykbZA blds ckn vk'kk us ukSdjhdjuh 'kq: dhA ,d ,uthvks ^lej{kk* dh lnL; cuhaA nllky igys bySaxks uked ,d ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo 'k[l us mudslkeus 'kknh dk çLrko j[kkA og jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,pvkbZohi‚ftfVo yksxksa ds fy, vkbZ,uih Iyl uke dk laxBu pykrsgSaA vk'kk us fgpdrs gq, bySaxks dk çLrko Lohdkj fd;kA vcog vkB lky ds ,d cPps dh eka gSa vkSj mudk csVk ,pvkbZohlaØfer ugha gSA
,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gksus ds ckotwn vk'kk iwjh rjg ls LoLFkgSa vkSj fdlh rjg dh nok oxSjg ugha ysrhaA og dgrh gSa] ^eSausvius firk ls dgk Fkk&^eSa ejus okyh ugha gwaA esjs vanj thusdh fgEer gSA eSa tkurh gwaA la?k"kZ djds thuk] T;knk fgEerdk dke gSA* vkSj vk'kk us ;g dj fn[kk;kA
,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo] ykbQ Hkh i‚ftfVo
35Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
'kckuk
vk'kk
egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
36 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
37
lkekftd laj{k.kij nf{k.k&nf{k.klg;ksx■ varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu 2009ds l= esa czkthy ljdkj vkSj vkbZ,yvks uslkekftd laj{k.k ij nf{k.k&nf{k.k leUo;dk;Zdze ij gLrk{kj fd,A ;g le>kSrkjk"Vªifr yqbt bukflvks yqyk n flYok dhml çfrc)rk ls çsfjr Fkk] tks mUgksausySfVu vesfjdh] dSjsfc;kbZ] vÝhdh vkSj,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds ç;klksa dks leFkZu nsus dsfy, trkbZ FkhA ;s ns'k ijLij lg;ksx vkSjHkkbZpkjs dh Hkkouk ds ek/;e ls mRd`"V JevkSj lkekftd U;k; dks çksRlkfgr djus dkç;kl dj jgs gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds nLrkostesa 22 ekpZ 2009 dks vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kdgqvku lksekfo;k vkSj czkthy ds fons'khekeyksa ds ea=h lsylks veksfje }kjkgLrk{kfjr vuqiwjd le>kSrs dk vuqyXudgSA bl vuqyXud esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwphds lajpuk esa vkus okys lkekftd laj{k.kds nk;js vkSj çHkko dks c<+kus ds çko/kku
ySfVu vesfjdk esadk;Z vkSj ifjokj■ ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa esaJe'kfä esa efgyk,a cM+s iSekus ij ekStwn gSaAblfy, muds fy, ;g eqf'dy gks jgk gS fdos dke vkSj ikfjokfjd ftanxh ds chp dSlslarqyu cuk,aA ogka Hkh ijaijkxr :i lsefgykvksa ds fy, ifjokj ,d cgqr cM+hftEesnkjh gksrs gSaA ySafxd lekurk vkSj vf/kdmRiknd vFkZO;oLFkk cukus ds fy, ;gvko';d gS fd bl pqukSrh ls fuiVk tk,AvkbZ,yvks vkSj ;w,uMhih dh ,d la;qäfjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k gSA odZ ,aM QSfeyh%v U;w d‚y Q‚j ifCyd i‚fylht v‚QjhdUlhfy,'ku foFk lks'ky dksfjLikaflfcfyVhuked bl fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd bl {ks=dh 10 djksM+ ls T;knk efgyk,a dke djrhgSaA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ySfVu vesfjdk vkSjdSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa dh 53 çfr'kr efgyk,aJe'kfä dk fgLlk gSa vkSj vxj 20 ls 40o"kZ ds chp dh efgykvksa dks bl lwph esa j[kktk, rks ;g çfr'kr 70 rd igqap tkrk gSAgkykafd ;g ,d ldkjkRed ckr gS D;ksafdbl çdkj bu ns'kksa esa lef) vkrh gS] ifjokjksadk dY;k.k gksrk gS vkSj xjhch de gksrh gSA
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k ySfVuvesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds {ks=h;dk;kZy; ls [email protected] ij laidZdjsaA
'kkfey gSaA czkthy ljdkj ySfVu vesfjdkvkSj vÝhdk ,oa ,f'k;k ds iqrZxkyh Hkk"khns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ;kstukvksa ls çkIrf'k{kk vkSj vPNh ijaijkvksa dks çksRlkfgrdjuk pkgrh gSA
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k ySfVuvesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds {ks=h; dk;kZy;ls [email protected] ij laidZ djsaA
o`) gksrh Je'kfäij O;olk; txrdh çfrfØ;k■ varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ dsC;wjks v‚Q bEIy‚;tZ ,fDVfoVht us 28&29vçSy dks ,d lsfeukj dk vk;kstu fd;kftlesa ;g ppkZ dh xbZ fd O;olk; txrdks fdl çdkj o) gksrh Je'kfä ds lkeusvkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVuk pkfg, vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks nq#Lr j[kusds fy, D;k mik; fd, tkus pkfg,AHkkSxksfyd pqukSfr;ksa ij dkjksckjh çfrfdz;k
© t
s-esykMZ@
vkbZ,y
vks
varjjk”Vªh; Je laxBu vkSj nqfu;k esa ?kV jghvkbZ,yvks ls lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dhfu;fer leh{kk
egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ
egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
38
tSls eqís ij dsafær bl varjjk"Vªh; laxks"Bhesa 23 ns'kksa ds dkjksckjh çfrfuf/k;ksa ls fgLlkfy;kA laxks"Bh esa dk;ZLFkyh; mik;ksa ijppkZ dh xbZ vkSj fopkj fd;k x;k fd dkSulh uhfr;ksa dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,A tSlsvf/kd ls vf/kd yksx lsokfuoÙk gksrs gSa vkSjyach ftanxh thrs gSa] Je cktkj esa nkf[kygksus okys ;qokvksa dh la[;k de gS vkSj osckn dh mez esa Je'kfä dk fgLlk curs gSaAc<+rh ekax vkSj va'knku esa de gksrs ;ksxnkudh bl çofÙk ls lHkh txgksa ij lkekftdlaj{k.k dh nh?kZdkfydrk çHkkfor gks jgh gS]fo'ks"k :i ls LokLF; vkSj o)koLFkk ykHkksa dslanHkZ esaA ,slk vuqeku gS fd o"kZ 2045 rd]fo'o Hkj esa 60 o"kZ ls vf/kd vk;q okys yksxksadh la[;k] 15 o"kZ ls de vk;q okys cPpksa dseqdkcys T;knk gksxhA
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k vkbZ,yvksds C;wjks v‚Q bEIy‚;tZ ,fDVfoVht [email protected]. ij laidZ djsaA
ekynho vkbZ,yvksdk 183oka lnL;cuk
■ ekynho ds jk"Vªifr ds fy[ks i=] fd
ekynho ljdkj us vkbZ,yvks lafo/kku dh
ck/;rkvksa dks vkSipfjd :i ls Lohdkj
dj fy;k gS] dks tsusok fLFkr vkbZ,yvks
dk;kZy; }kjk çkIr djus ds ckn ekynho
x.kjkT; vkbZ,yvks dk 183 oka lnL; cu
x;kA ekynho dh lnL;rk 15 ebZ 2009
ls çHkkoh gks tk,xhA oSls ekynho 21
flracj 1965 ls la;qä jk"Vª dk lnL;
gSA
tkiku@vkbZ,yvksdh lgHkkfxrk■ varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ dkstkiku ljdkj ds lg;ksx dh 35 oha o"kZxkaBds volj ij tsusok] fLoV~tjySaM fLFkrvkbZ,yvks eq[;ky; esa 9&30 twu ds nkSjkuesa ,d çn'kZuh dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA blçn'kZuh esa tkiku ljdkj vkSj vkbZ,yvks dschp yacs le; ls pys vk jgs leUo; dhvuq'kalk dh xbZ fd fdl çdkj ,f'k;k vkSjç'kkar esa lHkh yksxksa ds fy, mRd`"V Je dsy{; dks ikus ds fy, tkiku vkSj vkbZ,yvksdk;Z dj jgs gSaA blesa mu reke {ks=ksa dkmYys[k fd;k x;k ftuesa ijLij lg;ksxfd;k tk jgk gS] tSls csjkstxkjh vkSjvYicsjkstxkjh ij dkcw ikuk] efgykvksa dsfy, jkstxkj ds voljksa dk l`tu]dk;ZLFky ij O;olk;xr lqj{kk o LokLF;vkSj lhek ikjh; çokl dks çcaf/kr djukAtkiku ljdkj o"kZ 1974 ls LokLF;] JevkSj dY;k.k ea=ky; ds ek/;e lsvkbZ,yvks& tks fd Je vkSj dk;ZLFkyh;eqíksa ij dk;Z djus okyh la;qä jk"Vª dhfo'ks"kKrk çkIr ,tsalh gS& dks foÙkh;lg;ksx çnku dj jgh gSA nksuksa ds chp bllg;ksx dh 'kq#vkr uoacj 1974 esa VksD;ksesa vk;ksftr ,f'k;kbZ {ks=h; efgyk Jeç'kklu lEesyu ls gqbZ Fkh vkSj blds cknls ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa Jfedksa dh cnyrht:jrksa vkSj {ks= esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwphdh t:jr dks eglwl djus ds y{; ijfujarj dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA bl leUo;dk;Zdze dks vc vkbZ,yvks@tkikucgqi{kh; dk;ZØe ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSvkSj ;g cSadkd esa ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= dsvkbZ,yvks dk;kZy; esa fLFkr gSA
vkbZ,yvks&vkbZ,Qlh dk csgrj dk;Z dk;Zdze
vkbZ,Qlh] fo'o cSad ds lnL;] vkSj varjjk"Vªh;Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ oSf'od vkiwfrZ J`a[kykvksaesa Je ekudksa ds fy, ,d lgHkkfxrk dj jgs gSa]ftls csgrj dk;Z dk;ZØe dgk x;k gSA blls 12yk[k Jfedksa dk thou çHkkfor gksxkA fiNyh ebZesa] bu nksuksa laxBuksa us ,d leUo; le>kSrs ijgLrk{kj fd, ftlls Je ekudksa esa lq/kkj ds,dhd`r ç;kl fd, tk,axs vkSj dk;Z dh csgrjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, dkjksckj dks çksRlkfgr fd;ktk,xkA bl çdkj csgrj dk;Z dk;ZØe ds fy,ladV ds nkSj esa cktkj dh fLFkfr;ksa esa vk,cnykoksa ij rRdky çfrfdz;k nsuk vklku gksxkA bl igy ds igys pj.k esa tksMZu] fo;ruke vkSjgSrh ds xkjesaV m|ksxksa esa csgrj dk;Z ds oSf'oddk;Zdze vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZAnwljs pj.k esa 80 çfr'kr ç;kl ,isjy m|ksx esaHkkxhnkjh ds fy, fd, tk,axs tcfd 20 çfr'krç;kl u, m|ksxksa ds oSfo/;hdj.k vkSj Je ekudksads vuqdwy lq/kkj ykus ds fy, csgrj dk;Z ds
mik;ksa rd igqap c<+kus gsrq fd, tk,axsA ;gigy tqykbZ 2009 esa dh xbZ vkSj ;g rhu o"kZdh vof/k okyh gksxhAcsgrj dk;Z ds oSf'od dk;Zdze dks fuEufyf[krns'kksa dk leFkZu gkfly gS % uhnjySaM~l] teZuh]fLoV~tjySaM] vk;jySaM] tkiku] ukosZ] yDlecxZ]bVyh] U;wtySaMA ns'kh; dk;Zdze dks fuEufyf[krns'kksa dk leFkZu çkIr gS % vesfjdk] tksMZu]v‚LVªsfy;k] dukMk] ;wjksih; la?k] fQuySaM]vk;jySaM] tkiku] U;wthySaM] uhnjySaM~l] ukosZ]LohMu vkSj fLoV~tjySaMA bl dk;Zdze dks ysokbLVªkml QkmaMs'ku] t‚Ul ,isjsy xzqi] lh;lZgksfYMax xzqi vkSj o‚yekVZ ds vuqnkuksa ds lkFk;qukbVsM LVsV~l dkmafly QkmaMs'ku dsfuth&lkoZtfud ;ksxnku }kjk Hkh leFkZu çkIrgSA
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEufyf[kr osclkbVns[ksa http://www.betterwork.org.
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Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
39
egkfoink jkgr ijvkbZ,yvks&fo'ocSad dk leUo;■ o"kZ 1980 ls 2007 ds chp] yxHkx 8400çkd`frd vkinkvksa ds dkj.k 20 yk[k yksxksadh tkusa xbZa vkSj djksM+ksa vesfjdh M‚yj dkvkfFkZd uqdlku gqvkA çkd`frd vkinkvksads ifj.kkeksa vkSj mlds i'pkrthfodksiktZu ds lk/kuksa ds iqufuZekZ.k dsfy, vkbZ,yvks vkSj fo'o cSad us ijLijlg;ksx gsrq fiNys twu esa la;qä c;ku tkjhfd;kA Xykscy IysVQkeZ Q‚j fMtktLVjfjLd fjMD'ku ds nwljs l= ds nkSjku tsusokesa bl c;ku ij gLrk{kj fd, x,A tcfdnksuksa laxBu vkink mijkar jkgr oiqufuZekZ.k dk;Zdzeksa esa igys ls lg;ksx djjgs gSa] ;g la;qä c;ku vkink dh vk'kadkokys ns'kksa esa thfodksiktZu ds lk/kuksa ijvkus okys ladV dks tehuh Lrj ij dedjus ds fy, ubZ igy dks çksRlkfgr djsxk]vkink mijkar cgkyh dk;Zdzeksa dks xfr nsxkvkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ls tqM+h pqukSfr;ksa dseísutj thfodksiktZu mik;ksa dh rS;kjhdjsxkA
gfjr jkstxkj ijvkbZ,yvks dk u;kczks'kj
■ gfjr jkstxkj vf/kd nh?kZdkfydvFkZO;oLFkk vkSj ml lekt dk çrhd cux, gSa tks ekStwnk vkSj Hkfo"; dh ih<+h dsfy, i;kZoj.k laj{k.k djuk pkgrs gSa]
lerkewyd gSa vkSj lHkh yksxksa vkSj lHkhns'kksa dks lfEefyr djuk pkgrs gSaAvkbZ,yvks dk u;k czks'kj ;g crkrk gS fdgfjr jkstxkj ij vkbZ,yvks dk oSf'oddk;Zdze D;k gS] bls D;ksa rS;kj fd;k x;kgS vkSj ;g D;k djrk gSA i;kZoj.k vkSjlekt ds fy, ekStwnk vFkZO;oLFkk dk fuEudkcZu okyh vFkZO;oLFkk esa :ikarj.k D;ksaegRoiw.kZ gSA m|eksa vkSj Je cktkj ds fy,bl :ikarj.k ds D;k ek;us gSaA gfjrjkstxkj ls vkbZ,yvks dk D;k rkRi;Z gSAfdl çdkj gfjr jkstxkj vkSj m|eksa dksgfjr cukus ls lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh;
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dkaxzsl lsaVªy M‚lsyMksQ] teZuh esa bafIyesafVax v‚D;wis'kuy ls¶Vh ,aM ls¶Vh LVSaMM~lZ Xykscyh bu Vkbe v‚Qdzkbfll uked fo"k; ds varxZr varjjk"Vªh; vkbZ,yvks lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k tk,xkftlesa 60 ns'kksa ds 300 yksx Hkkx ysaxsA ;g vk;kstu ,$, esls M‚lsyMksQ baVjus'kuy VªsM Qs;j ,aM dkaxzslds nkSjku fd;k tk,xkA ;gka uhfr fu/kkZjd] lkekftd Hkkxhnkj] cgqjk"Vªh; m|eksa ds lhbZvks] Jfed çfrfuf/k]Je fujh{kd] jksdFkke vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk fo'ks"kK] çSDVh'kulZ vkSj xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds dk;ZdrkZfuEufyf[kr ç'u dk mÙkj nsaxs % vkbZ,yvks vkSj mlds lgHkkxh oSf'od foÙkh; ladV ds nkSjku esa Hkh] lqjf{krvkSj LoLFk dk;ZLFky ds vf/kdkj dk nkok djus esa dSls enn djsaxs\
3&6 uoacj 2009dkaxzsl lsaVªy M‚lsyMksQteZuh
ladV ds nkSj esa O;olk;xr lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; ekudksa dk fo'oO;kih dk;kZUo;u
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSjfdl çdkj vkbZ,yvks lgHkkfxrkvksa ds ek/;els vius oSf'od dk;Zdze dk xBu vkSjmldk dk;kZUo;u dj jgk gSA bl czks'kj esavf/kd lwpuk ds fy, lalk/kuksa ds laidZ lw=vkSj fyad fn, x, gSaA
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] d`i;k fuEufyf[krosclkbV ns[ksahttp://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/p u b s / l a n g - - e n / d o c N a m e - -WCMS_107815/index.htm
fMtkbu ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k ls ysdj laiw.kZ rduhdh ;kstuk]dk;Z ds laxBu] dk;Z vuqikyu çfdz;kvksa vkSj dk;ZLFkyç'kklu rFkk fjiksVZ nsuk vkSj fu;a=.k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
■ daiksfM;e v‚Q esjhVkbe yscj
baLVªwes aV~l
eSjhVkbe yscj duosa'ku] 2006] lh
Qs;jlZ vkbMsafVVh M‚D;wesaV~l ¼fjokbTM½
duosa'ku] 2003] odZ ,V fQf'kax dUosa'ku
,aM fjdesaMs'ku] 2007 vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&120612&5] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks 2008- Ýsap vkSj
LiSfu'k esa Hkh miyC/k- 35 vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol
ÝSaDl
lkeqfæd Je le>kSrk] 2006 tksfd ,d egRoiw.kZ u;k
varjjk"Vªh; Je le>kSrk gS] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu }kjk
vius 94 osa ¼lkeqfæd½ l= esa Lohd`r fd;k x;k FkkA çk;%
ukSogudfeZ;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk fo/ks;d dgk tkus okyk
le>kSrk ukSogudfeZ;ksa dh Je dh mRd`"V ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk
fu/kkZj.k djrk gS vkSj tgkt ekfydksa ds fy, fu"i{k
çfr;ksfxrk ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ka LFkkfir djus esa enn djrk
gSA bldh :ijs[kk ,d oSf'od dkuwuh mik; ds :i esa cukbZ
xbZ gS tks fd xq.koÙkk iw.kZ ukSogu ds fy, varjjk"Vªh;
fofu;ked ra= dk pkSFkk LraHk cu tk,xk vkSj varjjk"Vªh;
lkeqfæd laxBu ¼vkbZ,evks½ ds çeq[k le>kSrksa dks laiw.kZ
cuk,xkA le>kSrs esa oSf'od ekudksa dk ,d O;kid lewg gS
ftlesa yxHkx lHkh orZeku lkeqfæd Je le>kSrs vkSj
flQkfj'ksa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa fd 1920 ls vkt rd Lohd`r
fd;k x;k gSA vc bUgsa ,d u, mik;] u, :i vkSj t:jrksa
ds vuq:i ,d= fd;k x;k gS tks m|ksx esa vk/kqfud
ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks çfrfcafcr djrs gSaA
■ n dkLV v‚Q dksv'ku
Xykscy fjiksVZ vaMj n Q‚yks vi Vq n
vkbZ,yvks fMDyjs'ku v‚u QaMkesaVy
fçafliYl ,aM jkbV~l ,V odZ] 2009]
baVjus'kuy yscj dkaÝsal] 98 ls'ku
2009] fjiksVZ 1 ¼ch½- vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&120628&6] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks 2009- Ýsap]
LiSfu'k] vjch] phuh] teZu vkSj :lh esa Hkh miyC/k- 35
vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol ÝSaDl
;g oSf'od fjiksVZ vkt dh oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa cykr
Je ij u;k çdk'k Mkyrh gSA ;g cykr Je ds f[kykQ
oSf'od xBca/ku esa 'kkfey vusd dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj laLFkkuksa
ds lkeus vkbZ Hk;Hkhr dj nsus okyh pqukSfr;ksa dk ijh{k.k
djrh gSA buesa oSpkfjd] jktuhfrd ls ysdj] dkuwuh
oS/kkfud vkSj lkaLFkkfud pqukSfr;ka 'kkfey gaSA ;g fn[kkrh
gS fd dSls vHkh rd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k x;k gS] çk;%
vkbZ,yvks ds leFkZu ;k layXurk ls] vkSj mÙke çfrfØ;kvksa
ds egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.kksa dh vkSj bafxr djrh gS tksfd cykr
Je ds lHkh :iksa ls fuiVus ds ç;klksa esa Hkfo"; ds
ekxZn'kZuksa dk dke djrh gSaA ;g Je ç'kklu vkSj
egkfujh{k.kky; dh t:jr dks js[kkafdr djrh gS tks fd
40
■ fcfYMax MhlsaV lkslk;Vht-
jhfFkafdax n jksy v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh
bu MsoyiesaV
ihVj VkmulsaM }kjk laikfnr-
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&121995&8]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 105 vesfjdh
M‚yj] 75 ;wjks] 110 fLol ÝSaDl
oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh eanh us lkjh nqfu;k esa xjhch vkSj
csjkstxkjh dh leL;kvksa dks cnrj cuk fn;k gSA ;g iqLrd
lHkh ns'kksa esa fodflr fd, tkus ds fy, ,d O;kid lkekftd
lqj{kk ra= cukus dh odkyr djrh gS ftlesa lcls xjhc ns'k
'kkfey gksa rkfd xjhch dh fodV fLFkfr;ksa dk mUewyu gks]
rkfd c<+rh vlekurk dks iyVk tk lds vkSj vkfFkZd o`f)
fVdkÅ cusA vc ;g vf/kdkf/kd le>k tkus yxk gS fd
lkoZHkkSfed lkekftd lqj{kk ra= esa vYi vk; okys ns'kksa ds
fy, O;kid {kerk,a gSa ftudks fd vHkh rd i;kZIr :i ls
[kkstk gh ugha x;k gSA bl ckr dh igpku djrs gq, fd
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fodkl ns'kksa ds chp Hkyh çdkj ls
xqaFks gq, gSa] ubZ varjjk"Vªh; j.kuhfr;ka mi;qä lkekftd
lqj{kk uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus dh ekax djrh gSa tks çHkkoh
:i ls xjhch ?kVkus esa enn djsaxh vkSj mRikndrk] vkfFkZd
vkSj lkekftd fodkl esa ;ksxnku djsxhA
■ fcfYMax :yj jksM~lC;ksuZ tkSgSUlu] vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&120977&5] cSadkd]vkbZ,yvks 2008- 40 vesfjdh M‚yj] 30;wjks] 45 fLol ÝSaDl
;g iqfLrdk xzkeh.k lM+dksa ds fuekZ.kdh loksZÙke çfØ;k] fof/k;ksa vkSj lalk/kuksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjhnsrh gSA xzkeh.k lM+dsa vko';d lsokvksa tSls fd f'k{kk] LokLF;ns[kHkky] tykiwfrZ vkSj xzkeh.k vkcknh ds fy, vkfFkZd voljksads lanHkZ esa lcls egRoiw.kZ laidZ LFkkfir djrh gSaA csgrjxq.koÙkk okyh xzkeh.k lM+dsa cukuk ,d [kkl dkS'ky dk dkegS tksfd mfpr ;kstuk] vuqHkoh fujh{k.k] vPNs dk;ZdrkZ okyhHkkouk vkSj tgka rd laHko gks lds] LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa dsfVdkÅ mi;ksx dh ekax djrk gSA bl iqfLrdk dk mís';rduhdh deZpkjh çnku djuk gS ftuesa fd dk;ZLFkylqijokbtj ls ysdj bathfu;j rd 'kkfey gksrs gSa tks fdrduhdh lanHkZ C;kSjksa ls ySl gksrs gSa vkSj lkekU;r;k xzkeh.klM+dksa dks cukus ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykbZ tk pqdh fof/k;ksa vkSjloksZÙke çfdz;kvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA ;g iqfLrdk dk;Zçca/ku ds çR;sd pj.k dk C;kSjk nsrh gS ftlesa fpUgkadu vkSj
cykr Je vkSj ekuo rLdjh ds f[kykQ vfxze ekspsZ dk dke
djsaxs vkSj vU; dkuwu çorZu vkSj jksdFkke çfdz;kvksa dks
laiw.kZ cuk,axsA
■ QksLMZ yscj % dksv'ku ,aM
,DLiy‚;Vs'ku bu n çkbosV bdksu‚eh
chV ,aMªhl vkSj iSfVªd csylj }kjk
laikfnr- vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&120164&9] tsusok]
vkbZ,yvks] 2009- yk;u jhusj ifCy'klZ
ds lkFk lgçdkf'kr] vesfjdk- 22-50 vesfjdh M‚yj] 17
;wjks] 25 fLol ÝSaDl
vVykafVd ikjh; xqykeksa ds O;kikj ds mUewyu ds nks
n'kd ds ckn] yxHkx 123 yk[k yksx vc Hkh mRihM+u vkSj
'kks"k.k ds fofHkUu :iksaa ds dkj.k cykr Je djus dks ck/;
gSaA bl vad esa fn, x, 'kks/kksa ds irk pyrk gS fd cykr
Je ds ihfM+r dsoy ,afM;u ns'kksa ds nslh yksx ;k ukbtj
ds nkl yksx gh ugha] os yksx Hkh gSa tks ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk
ls rLdjh djds yk, tkrs gSa vkSj os yksx Hkh tks czkthy
;k ikfdLrku dh Je'kfä ds laosnu'khy lewg dk
çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA iqLrd esa mu mik;ksa dk ftdz Hkh gS
ftuds ek/;e ls bu çFkkvksa ij dkcw ik;k tk ldrk gSA
blesa Je cktkj ds çLrkoksa ds i{k esa cgl dh xbZ gS ftlesa
'kkfey gSa] Je e/;LFkksa }kjk fu;eu vkSj fujh{k.k] Je
fujh{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks l'kä cukuk vkSj Jfed la?kksa vkSj
jkstxkj U;k;kf/kdj.kksa dh layXurkA
■ QksLMZ yscj % dsl cqd v‚Q dksVZ
dslst
U;k;k/kh'kksa] vfHk;kstdksa vkSj dkuwuh
fo'ks"kKksa ds fy, çf'k{k.k iqfLrdk-
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122177&7]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 32 vesfjdh
M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol ÝSaDl
cykr Je vkSj ekuo rLdjh mRihM+u vkSj 'kks"k.k ds
,sls :i gSa tks dkuwu çorZu djus okyksa ds fy, cgqr cM+h
pqukSrh jgs gSaA ;g dslcqd fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa cykr Je
vkSj ca/kqvk Je ij U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa ls ysdj vkS|ksfxd`r
ns'kksa esa cykr Je vkSj rLdjh ij gky ds QSlyksa ds ckjs
esa tkudkjh nsrh gSA ;g crkrh gS fd fdl çdkj jk"Vªh;
vnkyrksa us cykr Je ij QSlyk lqukrs le;] vkbZ,yvks
ds le>kSrs ds çko/kkuksa dk ç;ksx fd;k vkSj ;g le>kSrk
fdl çdkj Hkfo"; ds QSlyksa dk ekxZn'kZu djsxkA ;g
dslcqd cykr Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds
fo'ks"k dkjZokbZ dk;Zdze ¼,l,ih&,Q,y½ dk fgLlk gSA bl
dk;Zdze ds varxZr vk/kqfud çdkj ds cykr Je ij 'kks/k
vkSj v/;;u fd, x, gSa vkSj blds f[kykQ la?k"kZ ds fy,
lHkh i{kksa dks l'kä fd;k x;k gSA bldk mís';
U;k;k/kh'kksa] vfHk;kstdksa vkSj dkuwuh fo'ks"kKksa dks çf'kf{kr
djuk gSA
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
Uk;s izdk’ku
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
■ xzksFk] baIy‚;esaV ,aM ikoVhZ fjMD'ku%
n dsl v‚Q baMksusf'k;k
b;kurqy bLyke vkSj vuhl pkS/kjh-
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122001&5]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 40 vesfjdh
M‚yj] 27 ;wjks] 40 fLol ÝSaDl
bl lkef;d v/;;u esa baMksusf'k;k dh o`f)] jkstxkj
vkSj xjhch mUewyu ij cuh uhfr;ksa dh leh{kk dh xbZ gSA
blesa o"kZ 1997 ds foÙkh; ladV ls igys vkSj ckn dh
fLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkt ds uhfr
fu/kkZjdksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ fcanqvksa dks is'k fd;k x;k gSA
baMksusf'k;k ds Je cktkj dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, vkSj o`f)
dks iksf"kr djus okyh ,oa xjhch mUewyu ds fy, mi;qä
çfrfØ;kvksa dh [kkst djrs gq, ys[kd crkrs gSa fd jkstxkj
esa yphysiu dk de gksuk vkSj okLrfod osru esa o`f) esa
fxjkoV] o"kZ 1997 ls iwoZ dh vof/k esa Je cktkj ds çn'kZu
dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a FkhaA çHkko'kkyh vkykspdksa us lq>ko
fn;k fd ;g Je cktkj ds fu;euksa dk ifj.kke FkkA ys[kd
vusd mnkgj.k çLrqr djrs gSa vkSj ml u, lq/kkj ds ckjs
esa crkrs gSa tks Je cktkj laLFkkuksa dks l'kä djsaxs vkSj
lkoZtfud lajpuk esa fuos'k vkSj ekuo fodkl ij ifjO;;
dks çkFkkfedrk nsaxsA
■ v xkbM Vw odZlZ fjIyslesaV % le
VwYl Q‚j fjMîwflax n bEiSDV v‚u
odZlZ] dE;qfuVh ,aM ,aVjçkbtsl
o"kZ 2009 rd v|ru] xSjh ch- gSulsu]
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122103&6]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 30 vesfjdh
M‚yj] 20 ;wjks] 30 fLol ÝSaDl
;g funsZf'kdk o"kZ 2001 dh Je foLFkkiu funsZf'kdk dh
v|ru gS tks fd ,f'k;kbZ foÙkh; ladV ds çfr çfrfdz;k esa
çdkf'kr dh xbZ FkhA ;g funsZf'kdk çFker;k mÙkjh vesfjdk
vkSj e/; rFkk iwohZ ;wjksi esa ladze.k çfdz;kvksa ds nkSjku ds
vuqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr gS] ;g [kkst djrh gS fd fdl çdkj
midze] leqnk; vkSj Jfed foÙkh; ladV ds çfr çfrfdz;k
dj ldrs gSa vkSj fdl çdkj jkstxkjksa ds laHkkfor uqdlku
dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa leqnk;ksa] midze çca/kuksa
vkSj Jfedksa dh laLFkkvksa }kjk O;olk; cgkyh djus rFkk
rkykcafn;ksa dks Vkyus dh laHkkfor j.kuhfr;ksa dks Hkh 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gSA ;g funsZf'kdk çFker;k vkS|ksfxd`r rFkk
ladze.kdkyhu ns'kksa ds mi;ksx ds fy, gS vkSj bldk mís';
uhfr fuekZrkvksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj Jfedksa esa mi;qä çfrfdz;k
dk fodkl djuk gS rkfd eanh ds nkSjku jkstxkj rFkk Jfedksa
dh cgkyh dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldsA
■ baVjus'kuy ,aM daisjsfVo yscj y‚ %
djaV pkSysatsl
vjVqjks czkalVhu- vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&121202&7] tsusok]
vkbZ,yvks] 2009- iSyxzso eSdfeyu
ifCy'klZ ds lkFk lg çdkf'kr- 80 vesfjdh M‚yj] 50 ;wjks]
80 fLol ÝSaDl
,d vxz.kh Je dkuwu fo'ks"kK }kjk fyf[kr ;g vfr
ewY;oku v/;;u iqLrd nqfu;k Hkj esa 21 oha lnh ds nkSjku
Je dkuwu }kjk >syh tk jgh pqukSfr;ksa dk ,d O;kid
fo'ys"k.k çnku djrh gSA ;g [kkl rkSj ls Je dkuwu vkSj
varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj] jkstxkj laca/k vkSj fu;ksäk@deZpkjh
laca/k esa yksxksa ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa] vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk
ds dk;Z vkSj vkmVlkslZ fd, x, dk;Z ij /;ku dsafær djrh
gS] lkFk gh lkFk ;g {ks=h; Lrj ij Je dkuwu esa vk,
mYys[kuh; cnykoksa ij Hkh fopkj djrh gSA ys[kd oS'ohd`r
;qx esa Je dkuwu dh lkFkZdrk dks c<+kus ds fofHkUu mik;ksa
ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrs gSa] ftuesa fd vkbZ,yvks le>kSrksa dk
vuqeksnu] egRoiw.kZ O;kikj cktkj okys {ks=ksa esa Je fo/kk;uksa
dk laxfrdj.k] varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj laf/k;ksa esa lkekftd
çko/kkuksa dk varosZ'ku vkSj vkiwfrZ J`a[kykvksa esa fuxfer
lkekftd lafgrkvksa dk mi;ksx 'kkfey gSA
■ v‚D;wis'kuy ostst ,aM vkolZ v‚Q
odZ ,aM fjVsy QwM çkbtst
vkbZ,yvks vDVwcj tkap ds vkadM+s] 2009]
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&022242&3]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- rhu Hkk"kkvksa
vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'k esa miyC/k- 70
vesfjdh M‚yj] 55 ;wjks] 85 fLol ÝSaDl
fdlh Hkh O;fä ds fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ lanHkZ lzksr ftldh
#fp dk;Z rFkk thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrh gS] ;g
f=Hkkf"kd çdk'ku HkÙkksa] dk;Z ds ?kaVksa vkSj [kk| inkFkksaZ ds
nk;js ij foLr`r lwpuk,a çnku djrk gSA 49 m|ksx lewgksa
ds 159 O;olk;ksa] vkSj 93 [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk nkeksa dks
nk;js esa ysus okyk ;g çdk'ku varjjk"Vªh; rqyukvksa ds fy,
vifjgk;Z lkaf[;dh; lalk/ku dk çLrko djrk gSA lhMh jkse
% vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&022243&0] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks]
2009- foaMkst otZu] rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'k esa
miyC/k- flxy ;wtj& 80 vesfjdh M‚yj] 65 ;wjks] 100 fLol
ÝSaDl] eYVh ;wtj& 120 vesfjdh M‚yj] 100 ;wjks] 150 fLol
ÝSaDl- ;g pquhank O;olk;ksa esa HkÙkksa vkSj dk;Z ds ?kaVksa rFkk
pquhank [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa ij 20 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dh
foLr`r lwpuk,a çnku djrk gS ¼1984&2008½A ;g lhMh jkse
,d O;kid mi;ksx esa vklku lanHkZ mik; gSA ;g 49 m|ksx
lewgks esa 159 O;olk;ksa vkSj 93 [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa
ls lacaf/kr vkadM+s çLrqr djrk gSA
■ n fefuee ost fjfoflVsM bu n
,uykTMZ bZ;w
MSfu;y ok?kku& OgkbVgsM- vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&121987&3] tsusok]
vkbZ,yvks] 2009- ,MoMZ ,yxj
ifCyf'kax ds lkFk lg çdkf'kr- 85
vesfjdh M‚yj] 60 ;wjks] 90 fLol ÝSaDl
;g iqLrd ;wjksi esa U;wure osru dk xgjk vkSj uoksUes"kh
fo'ys"k.k çnku djrh gS] foLrkfjr ;wjksih; la?k esa viuk
41
egRo ns[krs gq, vkSj O;fäxr lnL; ns'kksa ds U;wure osruksa
;k ;gka rd fd ,d leku ;wjksih; la?k U;wure osru ds chp
laxfrdj.k dk loky mBkrs gq,A ;g ço`fÙk;ksa vkSj çHkkoksa]
fof'k"V jk"Vªh; uhfrxr eqíksa ;k vkS|ksfxd {ks=ksa ds ekeyksa ds
v/;;uksa dks ns[krs gq, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij U;wure osru dh
Hkwfedk dh [kkst djrh gSA U;wure osru dk fu/kkZj.k uhfr
MsVkcsl ds dsaæ esa iwjh rjg çeq[krk ls ykSV vk;k gSA ;wjksih;
la?k ds Lrj ij ,d tSls lkekU; fu;e cukus ds çLrko Hkh
;wjksih; la?k ds foLrkj ds lkFk cgqxqf.kr gks x, gSa [kkl rkSj
ls lkekftd {ksi.k dks U;wure djus ds fy,A bl {ks= ds
çfl) ;wjksfi;u fo'ks"kKksa dks 15 jk"Vªh; v/;;uksa dks ,d
lkFk ykrs gq,] ;g lkekftd laxzg orZeku MsVkcsl ds fuekZ.k
dks rst djus dk mís'; j[krk gSA
■ n ç‚fel ,aM isfjYl v‚Q
ikfVZflisVjh i‚fylh esfdax
vuqla/kku J`a[kyk la[;k 117] ywfl;ks
cSdkMZ vkSj dkSaLrkfUroksl iSikMfdl]
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&876&0]
tsusok] varjjk"Vªh; Je v/;;u laLFkku]
2008- 18 vesfjdh M‚yj] 12 ;wjks] 18 fLol ÝSaDl
;g iqLrd ukxfjd leqnk; laxBuksa vkSj lkoZtfud
uhfr esa Hkkxhnkjhijd uhfr fuekZ.k dh lkFkZdrk dh [kkst
djrh gSA D;k ukxfjd leqnk; laxBuksa dk ml le;
egRoiw.kZ çHkko iM+rk gS tc mUgsa lh/ks uhfr fuekZ.k esa
layXu fd;k tkrk gS ;k ml le; tc os ckgj ls lapkyu
dj jgs gksrs gSa\ D;k Hkkxhnkjhijd uhfr fuekZ.k lkoZtfud
uhfr dh l{kerk vkSj lekurk dks c<+krk gS\ ;g vuqla/kku
vad Hkkxhnkj ç'kklu vkSj foeqfä ds fl)karksa dh etcwrh
ds fojks/kkHkkl ds lkFk bu lokyksa ds tokc ryk'krk gSA
blesa nf{k.k vÝhdk esa fd, x, O;kid QhYM vuqla/kku dks
'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] og ns'k ftlus 1990 ds n'kd dh
'kq#vkr esa cM+h la[;k esa Hkkxhnkjh okys uhfr fuekZ.k
laLFkkiuksa dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA
■ ls¶Vh ,aM gsYFk bu vaMjxzkmaM
dksyekbUl- ,u vkbZ,yvks dksM v‚Q
çSfDVl
vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&120162&5]
tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- Ýsap vkSj LiSfu'k
esa Hkh miyC/k- 32 vesfjdh M‚yj] 25 ;wjks]
40 fLol ÝSaDl
Hkwfexr dks;yk [knkuksa esa lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; ij ;g
O;ogkj lafgrk m|ksx vkSj bldh Je'kfä esa vk;q ds vusd
cnykoksa vkSj lkFk gh lkFk O;kolkf;d lqj{kk vkSj LokLF;
uhfr;ksa esa gq, u, ?kVukdzeksa rFkk O;kogkfjd lqj{kk vkSj
LokLF; ij vkbZ,yvks mik;ksa esa vk pqds cnykoksa dks
çfrfcafcr djrh gSA ,d {kh.k] cgq dkS'ky okyh Je'kfä] ubZ
çkS|ksfxdh vkSj vYi vkns'kkRedrk] lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; dks
lacksf/kr djus esa vf/kd O;oLFkk vfHkeq[k ç;kl Hkh blesa
çfrfcafcr gq, gSaA lafgrk ,d jk"Vªh; lajpuk LFkkfir djrh
gS tks l{ke çkf/kdkfj;ksa] fu;ksäkvksa] Jfedksa vkSj muds
laxBuksa dh Hkwfedkvksa dks Li"V djrh gSA ;g [krjksa dh
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
42
ds mik; <wa< jgs gSa] muds fy, dk;ZLFky
Hkkxhnkfj;ka lkFkZd gksrh gSaA bl iqLrd
dk /;ku bl ij gS fd D;ksa dk;ZLFky
lgHkkxh nqfu;k Hkj esa f'k'kq ns[kHkky esa
layXu gks x, gSa vkSj mu dk;Zdzeksa dh
çd`fr D;k gS ftUgsa fd ykxw fd;k tk
pqdk gSA lgHkkfxrk ,d eq[; fo"k;oLrq gS vkSj ys[kd mu
xBca/kuksa dh ifj.kke nsus dh {kerk dks js[kkafdr djrs gSa
ftUgksaus fofHkUu dkjdksa dh {kerkvksa vkSj lalk/kuksa dks
,dtqV fd;k gSA nl ns'k ftuesa fd vkS|ksxhd`r vkSj
fodkl'khy nksuksa 'kkfey gSa] f'k'kq ns[kHkky ds fy, uhfr;ka
vkSj lqfo/kkvksa rFkk Jejr ekrk&firkvksa ds fy, muds
fufgrkFkksaZ ds jk"Vªh; voyksdu ds vk/kkj ij ij[ks x, gSa
ftlds ckn fofHkUu dk;ZLFkyksa ds ekeyksa dk v/;;u çLrqr
fd;k x;k gSA ;g iqLrd uhfr fuekZrkvksa vkSj dk;ZLFky
lgHkkfx;ksa ij dsafær gS tks fd dkedkth ekrk&firkvksa ds
fy, muds f'k'kqvksa dh ns[kHkky dh t:jrksa esa enn djus
ds O;kogkfjd gy [kkstus esa tqVs gq, gSaA
igpku djus] tksf[ke dks de djus vkSj mldh jksdFkke
djus vkSj lkFk gh lkFk] Hkwfexr [knkuksa ds dk;Z esa lqj{kk ds
fof'k"V çko/kkuksa dh çfØ;k fof/k Hkh ladfyr djrh gSA
■ odZIysl l‚Y;w'kal Q‚j pkbYM ds;j
dSFkjhu ghu vkSj ukvkseh dSf'kjsj] vkbZ,lch,u
978&92&2&122035&0] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 40
vesfjdh M‚yj] 28 ;wjks] 40 fLol ÝSaDl
dkedkth ekrk&firkvksa ds fy, tks fd f'k'kq ns[kHkky
■ n Xykscy dzkbfll] lks'ky çksVsD'ku ,aM t‚Cl
tkslsQ fXVfXyV~t
o"kZ 2008 dh foÙkh; eanh ds çfr uhfr çfrfdz;kvksa vkSj
ldy ekax dh fxjkoV cM+s iSekus ij ?kjsyw fgrksa ds dkj.k
gqbZ FkhA iqu#RFkku'khy foÙkh; laj{k.kokn] cSadksa dks enn
vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ds jkgr iSdst çfr;ksfxrk vkSj çksRlkgu
dks xM+cM+k jgs gSa tks fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy,
gkfudkjd gSa] blls csgn vko';d lkekftd laj{k.k ij
gksus okyk [kpZ vkSj varr% oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh rst
{kfriwfrZ Hkh çHkkfor gks jgh gSA orZeku ladV dh jkstxkjksa
dks {kfr igqapkus dh {kerk dks de vkadus ds f[kykQ
psrkouh nsrs gq, ys[kd ,d okLrfod oSf'od jkgr iSdst
nsus] ftuds lkFk vkfFkZd çfreku vkSj fofu;ked uhfr;ksa ij
iqufoZpkj] fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks foÙkh; enn] ,d de
ck/;dkjh varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vkSj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ,d
Lo;apkfyr LFkkf;Ro ra= ds :i esa lkekftd laj{k.k dk rdZ
nsrs gSaA
■ odZ eksj Vq vuZ eksj n feDLM Qhfyax v‚Q ;wjksfi;al
ywlh Mkoksus vkSj Mksfefud esMk
D;k ;wjksih; yksx vf/kd ;k de dk;Z djus dks
çkFkfedrk nsaxs\ os lekt esa dk;Z dk ewY;kadu fdl çdkj
djsaxs\ losZ{k.k lq>ko nsrk gS fd os dk;Z dks lokZf/kd egRo
nsrs gSa] ;|fi ,d vuqikr ,sls yksxksa dk Hkh gS tks ;g ns[kuk
pkgrs gSa fd dke muds thou esa vf/kd LFkku u ys ysaA
bl fojks/kkHkkl dh O;k[;k dSls djsa\ varjjk"Vªh; losZ{k.kksa
ds fu"d"kksaZ ds çdk'k esa rhu ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k fd;k
x;k % dk;Z ds laca/k esa U;wu vis{kk,a]mu vis{kkvksa vkSj
fujk'kktud Je cktkj vuqHkoksa esa varj vkSj var esa nwljh
xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vf/kd le; nsus dh bPNkA vkys[k dqN
uhfr lq>koksa ds lkFk laiUu gksrk gSA
■ n ,DlVuZykbts'ku v‚Q yscj y‚
varksfu;ks vkstsnk ,foyl
Je dkuwu lek;kstuksa dh 'kfä'kkyh J`a[kyk] ftls fd
fiNys rhu n'kd ds] fo'ks"kKksa us fo[kaMu ds ,d :i esa&
mls fo?kVu u dgk tk,& i`Fkd mi{ks=ksa ds :i esa ns[kk gS]
,d vke ço`fÙk ds :i esa cny jgh gS tks fd <kapkxr
vk;ke dk Lo:i ys jgh gSA ,d foLrkfjr çsj.kk Je dkuwuksa
dks ,d vyx gh {ks= esa ys tk jgh gS ftlls mldh igpku
vkSj ijaijkxr lhek,a VwV jgh gSa] gkykafd ;g ikjLifjd
çHkkoksa dk lkadsfrd fofue; gSA bl ys[k esa foLrkj ds mu
Ng ekxksaZ dk fo'ys"k.k gS ftUgsa ;wjksi vkSj dqN vesfjdh vkSj
,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa ns[kk x;k gSA
■ VqoM~lZ lks'kyh lsaflfVo d‚jiksjsV jhLVªDpfjax\
deisjsfVo fjekDlZ v‚u dysfDVo ckjxsfuax MsoyiesaV~l bu
teZuh] Ýkal vkSj bVyh
xk;Mks cksuh
oS'ohdj.k ds lanHkZ esa fujarj cnyrs cktkj O;fäxr
QeksaZ esa çfrLi/kkZRedrk dh nh?kZdkyhu j[kus ds fy, rsth
ls vkSj fujarj iquxZBu dk vkºoku dj jgs gSaA blds
eísutj ukSdfj;ksa esa dVkSrh dks de djrs gq,] çeq[k ;wjksih;
ns'kksa esa lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa us ,slh fodsaæhd`r ç.kkfy;ksa dks
vfHkdfYir fd;k gS tks lkewfgd lkSnsckth ds ijaijkxr
jk"Vªh; e‚Myksa ij ç'ufpUg yxk, fcuk LFkkuh; Lrj ds
yphysiu dks c<+krh gSaA teZuh ds vkS|ksfxd le>kSrksa dh
çkjafHkd /kkjkvksa] Ýkal ds daiuh Lrjh; vid"kZ le>kSrksa vkSj
Je'kfä fu;kstu ij vfuok;Z lkSnsckth vkSj bVyh ds
f=Lrjh; çknsf'kd le>kSrksa ds ç;ksxksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq,]
ys[kd ;wjksi esa lkekftd :i ls laosnu'khy iquxZBu dks
leFkZu nsus ds fy, ,d vf/kjk"Vªh; lajpuk dk vkxzg djrs
gq, ys[k dk lekiu djrs gSaA
■ LVwMsaV yscj ,aM vdknfed çksfQf'k;salh bu baVjus'kuy
ilZisfDVo
MsfoM iksLV vkSj lq,V fyax iksax
varjjk"Vªh; xf.kr vkSj foKku v/;;u esa o"kZ 2003 dh
ço`fÙk;ksa ij vk/kkfjr bl ys[k esa ys[kd }; irk yxkrs gSa
fd dqN ns'kksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds jkstxkj vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k;ksa
esa udkjkRed laca/k gS& ;g varj ns'k fo'ks"k esa dk;Z ds
voljksa vkSj t:jrksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA vesfjdk ds o"kZ
2004 ds 'kSf{kd ns'kkarjh; losZ{k.k ij utj Mkyus ls ;g
irk pyrk gS fd jkstxkj vkSj xf.kr esa çoh.krk ds chp
odzjs[kh; laca/k gS % gj g¶rs 10 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dk;Z djus
ls larqfyr ldkjkRed vlj gksrk gS] 10&18 ?kaVs ls dksbZ
vlj ugha iM+rk vkSj 20 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dk;Z djus ls
udkjkRed vlj iM+rk gSA blds ckn dk;Z ds ?kaVksa ds laHko
lewgksa dh lgk;d miknkuksa ds lkFk tkap dh xbZA
■ VsDuksy‚ftdy psat ,aM bude fMfLVªC;w'ku bu ;wjksi
fdzfLV;kuks is#fxuh vkSj Qsfczft;ks ikseiksbZ
;g ys[k 14 ;wjksih; la?k ns'kksa esa rduhdh cnyko vkSj
vk; vlekurk ds chp laca/kksa ds vuqHkotU; çek.k çLrqr
djrk gSA ;g fo'ys"k.k] rduhdh xgurk ds fofHkUu Lrjksa
okys {ks=ksa esa dq'kyrk vfHkur rduhdh ifjorZu ¼,lchVhlh½
ifjdYiuk dh tkap ls 'kq: gksrk gSA rduhd dh dq'kyrk
laiwjdrk vkSj fuos'k dh çcyrk ls dq'kyrk çfrLFkkiu ds
pfj= dh iqf"V djus ds ckn] ys[kd dgrs gSa fd vk;
vlekurk dk laHkfor fu/kkZjd gS] dq'kyrk& Je ekax esa
{ks=xr ifjorZuA fo'ys"k.k esa ,lchVhlh vkSj fopkj.kh; vkB
esa ls ikap {ks=ksa esa vlekurk ds chp odzjs[kh; laca/k n'kkZ;k
x;k gS vkSj foijhr ;w vkdkj ds iSVuZ dh lykg nh xbZ gS
ftudh le;≤ ij Je ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ds fu;kstuksa
ds Lrjksa ij O;k[;k dh tk ldsA
■ uksV~l vkSj cgl %
Vªkalus'kuy dysfDVo ckjxsfuax bu ;wjksi % n dsl Q‚j
ysftlysfVo ,sD'ku ,V bZ;w ysoy
,MqvMksZ ,ysl
v lqçhe dksVZ pSysat Vw vtsaZVhukt VªsM ;wfu;u e‚My
,afMª;ku xksfYMu
dksj yscj LVSaMM~lZ vaMj ,MfefuLVªs'ku v‚Q t‚tZ MCY;w-
cq'k
fdzLVksQj dSaMySaM
yscj LVSfVfLVDl % n ckmaMjht ,aM Mk;oflZVh v‚Q odZ
iSfVªd cksy
varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk] vad 148 ¼2009½] la[;k 1&2
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009
Qhpj
egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj
varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk dk vkxkeh fo'ks"k vad] vad 148 ¼2009½] la[;k 3 ¼flracj½
43
ySfVu vesfjdk ds uo mnkjoknh ç;ksx ls çkIr f'k{kk %
ladV ls ladV rd
varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk dk vkxkeh fo'ks"k vad ySfVu
vesfjdk dh Je vkSj lkekftd uhfr ij uo mnkjoknh
lq/kkjksa ds vlj dk vkdyu djrk gSA bl vad esa
yk;fM;k Ýsy fyf[kr çLrkouk vkSj Ng dsl LVMht gSaA
buesa ftu ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] os gSa vtsaZVhuk
¼ys[kd&,e-uksfod] ,e- ysax;sy vkSj ,e- lkjkckbZ½]
cksyhfo;k ¼ys[kd& ,Q- okuMjys½] czkthy ¼ys[kd& ,e-
ikspeSu½] fpyh ¼ys[kd&,e- jhldks½] esfDldks ¼ys[kd&
,e-lh- ck;u½ vkSj m#Xos ¼ys[kd& ,Q- fQycqfj;k vkSj
ih- ,yxzs½A
nks n'kd rd uo mnkjokn laca/kh xgu ç;ksxksa ds
ckn ySfVu vesfjdk Lo;a dks nks jkgs ij [kM+k ik jgk
gSA 1980 ds n'kd esa _.k ladV ds i'pkr bl {ks= us
vk;kr çfrLFkkiu vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj jkT; ds gLr{ksiksa
ij vk/kkfjr viuh iwoZ dh fodkl j.kuhfr dks NksM+dj]
fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk esa vf/kd ,dhdj.k vkSj cktkj dh cM+h
Hkwfedk ij tksj nsuk 'kq: fd;kA bl egk}hi ds lHkh
ns'kksa us okf'kaxVu lkeatL; dks vaxhdkj fd;kA ;g ,slk
uhfr lewg gS tks o`gn vkfFkZd vuq'kklu vkSj <kapkxr
lq/kkj] O;kikj vkSj fuos'k çokg dks eqä djus vkSj rhoz
vfofu;eu o futhdj.k ij tksj nsrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls]
bu lq/kkjksa ds ek/;e ls Je esa yphykiu vkrk gS]
lkekftd lgk;rk dks yf{kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj futh
{ks= ds çko/kkuksa ij fuHkZjrk c<+rh gS] lkFk gh isa'ku
ç.kkfy;ksa esa vkaf'kd futhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
gkykafd fofHkUu ns'kksa esa lq/kkjksa ds le; vkSj xfr esa
varj Fkk] 1990 ds e/; rd lHkh ns'k vfHklj.k ds
mPpre Lrj rd igqap x,A fQj Hkh lq/kkjksa ls visf{kr
ifj.kke çkIr ugha gq,A ;gka dh vkfFkZd o`f) cgqr
detksj vkSj vfLFkj Fkh] vkSj vf/kdrj ns'k foÙkh; ladV
ls çHkkfor gksus yxsA ;gka lkekftd ifj.kke Hkh
fujk'kktud FksA xjhch de gksus dh j¶rkj cgqr /kheh
Fkh] varjjk"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj] vk; vlekurk ds
Lrj cgqr mPp Fks] lkekftd laj{k.k esa deh gks jgh Fkh
vkSj vukSipkfjd {ks= mHkj jgs FksA
1990 ds n'kd ds var rd] ySfVu vesfjdk dh
jktuhfr us oke #[k ys fy;kA igys ds lq/kkjksa ij fopkj
fd;k tkus yxk] ftuds lkFk vPNs lkekftd ifj.kke
gkfly fd, x, FksA gkykafd ;g vHkh ns[kk tkuk gS fd
D;k gky ds ifjorZu ds ldkjkRed çHkko dks] orZeku
foÙkh;] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV ds nkSj esa cjdjkj
j[kk tk ldsxkA
fczdh ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds izdk’ku cM+s iqLrd foØsrkvksa ;k fofHkUUk ns’kkssa esa fLFkr vkbZ,yvks ds LFkkuh; dk;kZy;ksa ;k lh/ks vkbZ,yvks fFk;sVj dksVZ] rhljh
eaft+y] bafM;k gSfCkVsV lsaVj] yks/kh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003 ls izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA nwjHkk"k% 24602101] 2462102] QSDl% 24602111] bZ&esy%
¶yS'k U;wt % o‚p nse ukÅ
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http://www.ilo.org/public/english/gender/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/public/english/disability/countusin/index.htm
MhlsaV odZ ysV fpYMªsu Cywe ,tqds'ku] n jkbV fjLikal Vw pkbYM yscj
tsaMj bDokfyVh ,V n gkVZ v‚Q MhlsaV odZ dkmaV v‚u vl % MhlsaV odZ Q‚j ihiqy fon fMlsfcfyVht
Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009