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115 Rights of the accused1. Rights of a accused constitutional/statutory2. Right to appeal statutory

CRIMINAL DUE PROCESS ELEMENTS1. Heard in a court of competent jurisdiction2. Preceded against under the orderly processes of law3. Gien notice and opportunity to !e heard". #udgment was awarded within authority of constitutional law

$ection 1% Rights of the accused at the trial1. PRESUMED INNOCENT

NONAI!A"LE

&'' criminal prosecutions right to !e presumed innocent until contrary

is P(R)

Reason% principle of justice and moral certainty

Reasona!le dou!t engendered !y an inestigation of whole proof and

an ina!ility* after such inestigation* to let the mind rest easy upon thecertainty of guilt1. &!solute certainty + demanded to conict#. ,-R&' R0&0 is re4uired as to eery proposition of proof

re4uisite to constitute the offense

Ratio% slightest possi!ility of an innocent man !eing conicted for an

offense he has not committed 5 letting a guilty person go unpunished fora crime he may hae perpetrated

4uipoise rule where the eidence of the parties in a criminal case are

eenly !alanced* the presumption of innocence will tilt in faour of theaccused 6 ac4uittalo 'egislature may enact that when certain facts hae !een proed 6

prima facie eidence of e7istence of guilty 8 shift the !urden of proofo PR-9% rational connection !etween facts proed 8 ultimate fact

presumedo 7amples%

1. :ne7plained flight2. ;ailure to e7plain possession of stolen property3. ;ailure to account funds and property of a P- entrusted to

him $';

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>. Re4uirementso (een arraigned

o )uly notified of trial

o :njustified non

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7am of rapist and ictim for gonorrhea alid

Pregnancy e7am adultery

:ltra iolet light for e7amination of presence of fluorescent

powder dusted on mar=ed money !uy !ust

;urnishing of a specimen of signature in a falsification of document case

is -9R) !y the righto ?riting is + purely a mechanical act 6 intelligence and attention

-0 include cases coered !y immunity statutes%

o R& 13 forfeiture of illegally o!tained wealth

o R& " !ri!ery and graft cases

?here aaila!le% R !ut also got proceedings penal sanction inoled

?here ino=ed% after as=ing of a B and !efore answering it

Rationale for protecting the right against self

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". &Ds assertion or non. Prejudice to &

Remedies%

1. ,0) iolation of right2. ?H illegal restraint3. Relief in madamus compel dismissal of information

ffect of dismissal for iolation of &Ds right to $0

o )ismissal 6 ac4uittal

o &ny attempt to prosecute for same offense 6 )#

$P) 0R&' &0 -; 1J @R& J"3A

)uty of the court after arraignment of &

o ourt shall order a pre