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Landscape, Lifestyles, Livelihoods

Green Economy Sustainable Consumption Triple helix of sustainability

12ª aulaMaria do Rosário Partidário

MEC, 4º ano, 1º sem, 2010-11

Desaos Ambientais e deSustentabilidade em Engenharia

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Content

-Why sustainable development

-Ways to improve sustainability approaches:1. Resilience

2. Sustainable consumption3. Dematerialization4. Fair distribution5. Valuation of resources6. Green economy

7. Triple helix for sustainability -Landscapes, Lifestyles,Livelihoods

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! Much of the environmental change that will occur over the next 30 years has already been set in motion by past and current actions and many of the effects of environmentally relevant policies put into place over the next 30 years will not be apparent until long afterwards . "

(United Nations Environment Program, 2002. Global Environment Outlook3: Past, Present and Future perspectives).

Why sustainable development?

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Sustainability

A global objective, many denitions and underlyinginterpretations

Time line: 4, 100, 1000 years…..

Different levels of integration:-Global changes (climatic, desertication, biodiversity,demographic)-Over-exploitation of resources, such as sheries, soil-Contamination: water and air pollutatnts, nano-materials,..-Equitative distribution of resources and opportunities-Innovation and technological progresses-Business opportunities-Time of change, new development paradigms

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The metrics of sustainability

1. Environmental: GHG emmissions, use of primaryenergy, territorial breach

2. Social: Employment, income, governmental revenues

3. Financial: Prots, potential exports, penetration ofimports

Fonte: Hendrickson, 2006, based on Balancing Act: a triple-bottom-lineanalysis of the Australian Economy

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What can be done for

sustainability?

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1. Increase Resilience

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Resilience is...

The ability to absorb disturbances, to be changed andthen to re-organise and still have the same identity(retain the same basic structure and ways of functioning).

It includes the ability to learn from the disturbance.

Resilience shifts attention from purely growth andefficiency to needed recovery and flexibility.

http://www.resalliance.org/564.php

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Source: (originally CS Holling, Adaptive Management Systems)

The Resilience Alliance

http://rs.resalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/4box-adaptive-cycle.gif)

The adaptive cycleFore-loop and back-loop

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2. Sustainable

consumption

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Consumer environmental awareness and willingnessto act

Source:

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Why consumers are sometimes unwilling to pay morefor environmental performance

Source:

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Global used resource extraction, per material used

Source:

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3. Desmaterialization /decoupling

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4. Fair distribution

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The gap isgrowing

1960-1990

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The income gap

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5. Valuation of resources- ecosystem services

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ecosystems

conservation

sustainableuse

equitablesharing

species diversity genetic diversity

3 levels of diversity3 management objectives

BIODIVERSITY IS ABOUT

PEOPLE !

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Translating biodiversity

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Degradation of ecosystem services causesharm to human well-being & economy

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Green Economyhttp://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/

• New economic development model, based onecological economics knowledge

• UNEP called for a Global GreenNew Deal in 2008

• An investment of 1% of global GDP over the next twoyears could provide critical mass of greeninfrastructure needed to seed a significant greening of the global economy - green stimulus

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Green Economyhttp://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/

Greening the economy refers to the process of reconfiguring businesses and infrastructure todeliver better returns on natural, human and

economic capital investments, while at thesame time reducing greenhouse gasemissions, extracting and using less naturalresources, creating less waste and reducingsocial disparities.

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7. Triple helix of sustainability

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- Triple Helix :Landscapes, Lifestyles, Livelihoods More constructive than triple bottom-line

(Campbell, 2006, Australian Government, Land&Water Australia)

-Where nature meets culture-Where landscape are social constructions-Beyond “ecological apartheid”-Managing natural resources means managing people-Engages values, perceptions, expectations, behaviours

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Landscape

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Landscapes

• Physical and chemical factors such as air,water, soil pollution and due diligence

• Biological factors e.g. Disease vehicles (e.g.malaria!)

• Noise, vibrations, radiation, humidity (buildings),etc

• Safety aspects (disasters, risks, transports,safety at work)

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Lifestyle

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Livelihood

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Livelihoods

• Education• Employment• Labour and income• Labour security• Social cohesion/social capital/social networks• Criminality, violence and social safety

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Triple Helix - Landscapes, Lifestyles,Livelihoods

- Impacts on Sustainable Construction

Planning - efciency metrics - spatial planning anddesign, icons versus rational buildings, planning for“happiness” (new well-being indicators: GNH: grossnational happiness instead of GNP)

Construction - materials, labour, waste, exploring buildingand infra-structures, green building

Demolition or reconstruction - act upon the existent butavoid repairs - create value (rehabilitation), minimizewaste, lean management

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World in transitionDriving forces and trends (I)

•Growth (population + activities) - exploration of naturalresources

•Population changes - impacts on local landscapes,lifestyles, economies and social contexts

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World in transitionDriving forces and trends (II)

•A world centred in the exploration of natural resources(e.g. forestry, cattle breeding, mining) in transition to aworld that explores regional amenities (e.g. climate,landscape, open spaces, independency)

•Landscape that sustains a livelihood (e.g. mining or denseresidential landscape) in transition to a world that offers alifestyle (e.g. natural areas for leisure and sports, urban

diversity)

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Landscape, Lifestyle, LivelihoodsKey values in strategies for a sustainabile livelihood:•Knowledge, health and work capacity

•Natural values are livelihood basis (e.g. land, water, biodiversity,other environmental resources)

•Physical production means and basic infra-structures (transport,shelter, energy and communication)

•Financial resources available for people (savings, credit, regularnancial inputs, pensions)

•Social networks, group associations, trust and access tocollective institutions

•Cultural values - identity, meaning of “good life” and means ofenabling basic human needs that are culturally feasible (e.g.subsistance, protection, careness, participation, free time,freedom).

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• Ignorance regarding methods and the effects ofour actions: e.g. Climate change debate, limits ofgrowth, the “slow impacts” on health

• Reaction time : political and social changeshappen more slowly that technology andeconomy• Need for an integrated approach , rather than atrade-off approach

What delays sustainability?

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F. Almeida, 2007, Desaos da Sustentabilidade(Sustainablity challenges)

• Way of thinking and doing• Natural resources need to be perennial -ruin of planetary ecosystems is businessruin

• Do business with the poor - move beyondthe comfort zone of producing only for thosealready in the market

• Ethical behaviours bring economic benets

President Brazilian BusinessCouncil for Sustainable

Development

F. Almeida criticizes:

•Social corporate responsibility - kindof lantropy

•Continous improvement - innovationis missingPath to sustainability: inovation, cooperation, sustainable survival

and inclusive capitalism

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Sustainability is about:

-Environmental management and natureconservation-Growth and profit (e.g. Increase in renewables)-Social performance

But it is also about governance :- create capacities- learn to integrate- value, beyond protection and conservation- dialogue, conciliate objectives and perspectives- communicate

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1. Sustainability is the great challenge of ourtime - and we are its key players

2. Business as usual is not an option

3. We will not reach unknown places if we keepusing the same usual routes

4. Futures Thinking….Today ! s action

Final message