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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM2

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM3

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Z Vmo Bdmoë yeZ H$m H$moB© à_mU h¡, Am¡a Z hr Bgo {gÕ {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&(ga AmW©a H$sW, X Amo[a{OZ Am°\$ ñnrerg Ho$

100d| g§ñH$aU H$s y{_H$m Ho$ boIH$)

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM4

55555 {Xgå~a 2009

_wº$ hmoZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O¡gm {H$lr_X² mJdV_² 5.14.30 Ho$ lrb à wnmXHo$ VmËn © _| ~Vm`m J`m h¡, Hw$N> AmË_mE±

~ÝXam| Ho$ eara go _mZdm| Ho$ eara _| AmVr h¢Ÿ&

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Š`m S>m{d©Z Zo AQ>H$b| bJmBª?Or, hm±Ÿ& O¡gm{H$ CÝhm|Zo AnZr {d»`mV nwñVH$ "XAmo[a{OZ Am°\$ ñnrerg' Ho$ àH$meZ go Xmo df© nyd©AnZo {_Ì E.Ama.d¡bog (hmd©S>© {díd{dÚmb` Ho$

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{dkmZ _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡? S>m{d©Z ñd § CÎma XoVo h¢,""_¢ ^br-^m±{V AdJV hÿ± {H$ _oar AQ>H$bm| Zo gƒo

{dkmZ H$s gr_mAm| H$mo bm±K {b`m h¡Ÿ&''

(eof ^mJ n¥ð> 14 na)

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM5

{Xgå~a 200966666

à_mUm| go ^ar àH¥${VŠ`m new-n{j`m| Ho$ ^rVa {dÚ_mZ ahñ`_`r kmZ

OrdZ Ho$ òmoV H$s nhobr H$mo gwbPm gH$Vm h¡?

- B©ída H¥$îU Xmg

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM6

77777 {Xgå~a 2009

S>mnoñQ> eha _| nbo-~‹T>o hmoZo Ho$ H$maU _¢Zo nwñVH$m|Ed§ {\$ë_m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hr àH¥${V H$mo OmZmŸ& àH¥${V

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM7

{Xgå~a 200988888

Ho$ AmYma na CZHo$ ì`dhma na CR>oŸ&Bg_| H$moB© AmíM © Zht {H$ H$s‹S>o H$s‹S>m| Ho$

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H¡$go Ob H$s gVh Ho$ ~mha Wy±H$Zo H$m gmoM gH$Vr h¡? (Xm | D$na)

"" newAm| Am¡a n{j`m| H$mo ^r AnZoKa H$m {Z_m©U H$aZm AmVm h¡Ÿ& Myhm OmZVmh¡ H¡$go y{_ _| ahZm h¡Ÿ& do {~b ~ZmVo h¢Ÿ&AnZr j_Vm go do CgH$m {Z_m©U H$aVo h¢Ÿ&njr ^r Amam_ go ahZo Ho$ {bE Km|gbm~ZmVo h¢Ÿ& Mt{Q>`m± ^rŸ& Vmo CZ_| `h ~w{Õh¡Ÿ& ^JdmZ² Zo CÝh| `h ~w{Õ Xr h¡Ÿ&''

- lrb à wnmX

""Hw$N> àm{U`m| H$m ghOkmZ BVZm{dñ_`H$mar h¡ {H$ em`X CÝh| g_PZo _|H${R>ZmB© _oao nyao {gÕmÝV H$mo \|$H$Zo Ho$ {bEn`m©á ahoJrŸ&'' - Mmëg© S>m{d©Z

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM8

99999 {Xgå~a 2009

H«${_H$ {dH$mgdm{X`m| Ho$ AZwgma g_`Ho$ gmW-gmW Ordm| Ho$ ì`dhma Ed§ {H«$`mAm|_| n[adV©Z hþAmŸ& {H$ÝVw Bg ~mV H$m Š`mà_mU h¡ {H$ `h Ñ{ï>H$moU Ìw{Q>a{hV h¡? `mBgHo$ {dH$ën _| Bggo loð> H$moB© ì`m»`m ^rhmo gH$Vr h¡? Š`m `h gå^d h¡ {H$ h_maog §gma H$s J{V{d{Y`m | H o $ nrN> o H$m oB ©A{V_mZdr` ~w{Õ hmo gH$Vr h¡ Omo Bg g§gmaHo$ Ag§»` no{MXm àíZm| H$m CÎma Xo gHo$?

Vmn_mZ ñWmB© aIZo H$sàmH¥${VH$ ì`dñWm

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nydu Am°ñQ>o{b`m _| nmB© OmZo dmbm ""_¡br\$mD$b'' (Leipoa ocellata) njr AnZo AÊS>oAË`ÝV AZmoIo àH$ma go XoVm h¡Ÿ& g~go nhbo_¡br \$mD$b AnZr e{º$embr Q>m±Jm| go n§Ðh\w$Q> Mm¡‹S>m Am¡a VrZ \w$Q> Jham J–m ImoXVm h¡Ÿ&g{X© m| _| do nMnZ JO H$s {ÌÁ`m _| CJo no‹S>m|H$s Q>h{Z`m± Am¡a nÎmm| H$mo EH${ÌV H$a J–o _|^a XoVo h¢Ÿ& O~ do nÎmo BË`m{X dfm© _| AÀN>rVah rJ OmVo h¢ Vmo do CÝh| ~rg B§M _moQ>r {_Å>r

AnZr Mm|M S>mbH$a Vmn_mZ H$s Om±M H$aVmh¡Ÿ& em`X dh AnZr Or^ AWdm XmT>m| ÛmamVmn_mZ Om±MVm h¡Ÿ& A{dídgZr` ê$n go dhCg nhm‹S>r Ho$ Vmn_mZ H$mo 93.2 {S>J«r \¡$.(34 {S>J«r g¡.) na ~Zm o aIVm h¡Ÿ& nhm‹S>rHo$ ^rVa dh Vmn_mZ H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$1.8 {S>J«r (1 {S>J«r g¡.) D$na-ZrMo hmoZo XoVmh¡, O~{H$ Cg joÌ _| X¡{ZH$ Am¡a dm{f©H$Vmn_mZ _| AË`{YH$ ~Xbmd hmoVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&

`{X AÊS>m| na A{YH$ Vmn_mZ H$m IVamAmVm h¡ Vmo dh {_Å>r H$s D$nar naV H$mo hQ>mXoVm h¡ {OgHo$ A{V[aº$ D$î_m ~mha Am gHo$Ÿ&nhm‹S>r H$mo gy © H$s {H$aUm| go ~MmZo Ho$ {bE dhCgna Am¡a {_Å>r S>mbVm h¡Ÿ& O~ ~mha Vmn_mZR>ÊS>m hmoZo bJVm h¡ Vmo dh {XZ Ho$ g_` D$narnaVm| H$mo hQ>m XoVm h¡ {Oggo gy © H$s {H$aU| AÝXaOm gH|$, Am¡a em_ H$mo dh Cgo nwZ… T>H$ XoVm h¡{Oggo AÝXa H$s J_u AÝXa hr ahoŸ&

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A{YH$Va njrAnZo eara H$sJa_mhQ> go AnZoAÊS>m | H$mo goVo h¢Ÿ&{H$ÝVw `hm± {~ëHw$bAbJ h¡Ÿ& _¡br \$mD$bHo$ AÊS> o g ‹S > ahrn{Îm`m| H$s Ja_mhQ> gogo`o OmVo h¢Ÿ& g_`-g_` na Za AmH$a CgnÎmm | H$s nhm ‹S>r _|

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM9

{Xgå~a 20091010101010

H$mo H$gH$a ~ÝX {H$ o do nhm‹S>r go ~mha AmVoh¢Ÿ& D$na AmZo Ho$ {bE do nm±M-Xg {_ZQ> g§Kf©H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> g¢Q>r_rQ>a Mb H$a do bJ^JEH$ KÊQ>m Amam_ H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {\$a AmJo ~‹T>Voh¢Ÿ& D$na AmZo VH$ CÝh| Xmo go nÝÐh KÊQ>o bJVoh¢Ÿ& ~mha AmH$a do Jhar gm±g boVo h¢ Am¡a AnZrAm±I| ImobVo h¢Ÿ& do AnZo _mVm-{nVm go H$^rZht {_bVo Am¡a grIVo {H$ H¡$go Cg nhm‹S>r H$m{Z_m©U {H$`m Om o Am¡a Cg_| Vmn_mZ H$mo H¡$goH$m`_ aIm Om oŸ& {H$ÝVw O~ CZH$m g_` AmVmh¡ Vmo do {~ëHw$b AnZo _mVm-{nVm Ho$ g_mZH$m © H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

g_P go nao ì`m»`m_¡br \$mD$b njr {Og Om{V go gå~pÝYV

h¡ dh Om{V ~mø D$î_m Ûmam AÊS>o goZo Ho${bE OmZr OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bdmoë yeZ {dkmZ H$snwñVH$m| Ho$ AZwgma AÊS>o goZo H$s `h nÕ{VYrao-Yrao nmaånm[aH$ ""AÊS>m| Ho$ D$na~¡R>H$a'' goZo H$s nÕ{V go {dH${gV hþB©Ÿ& {H$ÝVw`h Š`m| Am¡a H¡$go hþAm do BgH$m R>mog {gÕmÝVXoZo _| Ag\$b aho h¢Ÿ&

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_mXm Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go -� {Z`{_V ê$n go AmZm Am¡a C{MV ñWmZ naAÊS>o XoZmŸ&

Za _¡br Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go -� nhm‹S>r H$s g§aMZm Am¡a Cgo ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE

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Oam gmo{ME Bg {df` _|Ÿ& Š`m BZ_| go

Za _moa AnZo _Zmoha n§Im| H$màXe©Z H$a _mXm H$m Ü`mZ AnZr Amoa

AmH${f©V H$aZo H$m à`mg H$aVm h¡Ÿ& (D$na)

yamonr ~r-B©Q>g© ào_mMma _| H$s‹S>oH$s |Q> Ho$ CnamÝV g§ moJ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

{H$gr ^r ~mV H$mo AZXoIm H$a AÊS>m| H$mogo`m Om gH$Vm h¡? {~ëHw$b Zhr, Š`m|{H$AÊS>m| go ~ƒm| H$mo OÝ_ XoZo Ho$ {bE BZ g^r~mVm| H$m EH$-gmW hmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡,AÝ`Wm C{MV Vmn_mZ Ho$ A^md AWdm{H$gr AÝ` H$maU go AÊS>o g‹S> Om`|JoŸ&Bg{bE `h H$hZm {ZamYma h¡ {H$ ""AÊS>m| na~¡R>H$a'' goZo H$s à{H«$`m g_` Ho$ gmW-gmW""nhm‹S>r {Z_m©U'' H$aZo dmbr à{H$`m _|n[ad{V©V hmo JB©Ÿ& Am¡a h H$hZm {H$ g§ moJdeEogm hmoZo bJm Vmo {ZnQ> _yI©Vm hmoJrŸ& Bg{bE_¡br \$mD$b H$s g§VmZmoËn{Îm H$s nhobr H$mHo$db EH$ g_mYmZ h¡ {H$ CgHo$ ghr ì`dhmaAm¡a ghOkmZ Ho$ nrN>o EH$ Cƒ~w{Õ h¡Ÿ& `m

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM10

1111111111 {Xgå~a 2009

Xygao eãXm| _| H$hm Om`o Vmo ""AÊS>m| na~¡R>H$a'' Am¡a ""nhm‹S>r ~ZmH$a'' CÝh| goZo H$snÕ{V XmoZm| EH$ hr g_` na {H$gr Cƒ moOZmHo$ AÝVJ©V ApñVÎd _| AmB©Ÿ&

EH$ A{YH$ Cn wº$ CÎma_¡br \$mD$b H$m CXmhaU h_mar nwñVH$

Nature’s IQ _| {X`o J`o bJ^J gm¡CXmhaUm| _| go EH$ h¡, {Ogo _¢Zo AnZo ~m`mo-B§Or{Z`a {_Ì JdpËà` Xmg Ho$ gmW {_bH$a{bImŸ& (nmR>H$ A{YH$ OmZH$marwww.naturesiq.com na àmá H$a gH$Voh¢Ÿ&) CgHo$ Hw$N> AÝ` amoMH$ CXmhaU BgàH$ma h¡ -

AmM©a{\$e _N>br nmZr H$s gVh go D$naH$s‹S>m| na nmZr H$s {nMH$mar _maH$a CÝh| {JamXoVr h¡Ÿ& H¡$go CgZo Bg Aó H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m?

H¡$go EH$ N>moQ>r _N>br (the cleaner

wrasse) AmH«$_UH$mar {demb _N>br (the

coral grouper) Ho$ _wI _| ñdoÀN>m go àdoeH$aVr h¡ Am¡a Ky_H$a Or{dV bm¡Q> AmVr h¡?

hOmam| _rb àdmg H$aZo dmbo n{j`m| H$moH¡$go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ H$~ Am¡a {H$g {Xem_| CÝh| C‹S>mZ ^aZr h¡?

ghdmg H$aZo H$s H$m¡Z-gr {deof nÕ{VS>m{d©Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m IÊS>Z H$aVr h¡?

AnZo ~ƒm| Ho$ nmbZ _| H$m¡Z go newAm|H$s MVwamB© {gÕ H$aVr h¡ {H$ dh kmZ {H$grCƒ~w{Õ go Am`m h¡, Z {H$ g§`moJdeAZwdm§{eH$ n[adV©Zm| go?

newAm| Ho$ {d{MÌ ì`dhma CZ nho{b`m|H$mo I‹S>m H$aVo h¢ {OÝh| g_PZo Ho$ {bE h_|ñdrH$ma H$aZm hr hmoJm {H$ BgHo$ nrN>o {H$grCƒ~w{Õ H$s moOZm h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE àmMrZ J«ÝWm|Ho$ _V H$mo ñdrH$maZm VH©$ wº$ àVrV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

d¡{XH$ emóm| Ho$ AZwgma OrdmË_m VrZVÎdm| go ~Zm h¡ - AmË_m, gyú_ eara Ed§ñWyb earaŸ& g^r àH$ma Ho$ àm{U`m| _| OrdZ

Am¡a MoVZm H$m òmoV ì`{º$JV AmÜ`mpË_H$ñ\w$qbJ AWdm AmË_m h¡Ÿ& EH$ gyú_ ^m¡{VH$eara, {Og_| Ord H$s g^r _mZ{gH$J{V{d{Y`m± MbVr h¢, Cg AmË_m H$m oAmÀN>m{XV H$ao ahVm h¡Ÿ& àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$g^r àm{U`m| Ho$ ghOkmZ Ho$ ""H$moS>'' Bgrgyú_ eara _| A§{H$V hmoVo h¢ Am¡a do à_wI ê$ngo An[adV©Zerb hmoVo h¢Ÿ& Vrgam VÎd h_|{XImB© XoZo dmbm ñWyb eara h¡Ÿ& àm{U`m| Am¡aCZHo$ ì`dhma _| {XImB© XoZo dmbr {d{^ÞVm |Eogo ì`{º$ go AmVr h¢ Omo Agr{_V ê$n go~w{Õ_mZ Ed§ _hmZ² h¡, Am¡a Omo g^r Ho$ öX`m|_| {dÚ_mZ h¢Ÿ&

_¢Zo {dkmZ H$s nwñVH$m| _| «m_H$ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo nhMmZZm grI {b`m h¡ Am¡a grIm h¡ {H$H¡$go CZgo {ZnQ>m Om oŸ& A~ _¢ O~ ^r àH¥${V{df`H$ H$moB© nwñVH$ n‹T>Vm hÿ± Vmo AH$ga _wPobJVm h¡ CZ Ajam| Ho$ nrN>o go dh _hmZ²ì`{º$Ëd _wPo XoI ahm h¡Ÿ&

Š`m Amn OmZVo h¢ {H$ _Zwî` à{V{XZ {H$VZr Am°pŠgOZ nrVm h¡ - EH$ {_ZQ> _|8 H$amo‹S> Q>Z? EH$ d`ñH$ _Zwî` à{V{XZ 16 {H$bmo Am¡a EH$ ìhob _N>br 2-3{Šd§Q>b Am°pŠgOZ nrVr h¡Ÿ& Am¡a Bgr àH$ma o àmUr {demb _mÌm _| H$m~©ZS>m`Am°ŠgmBS> N>mo‹S>Vo ^r h¢Ÿ& g^r àmUr Am°pŠgOZ na Or{dV h¢, {H$ÝVw à{V{XZBVZr Am°pŠgOZ boZo na Hw$N> hOmam| dfm] _| dmVmdaU go Am°pŠgOZ g_má hmoOmZr Mm{hE Am¡a H$m~©ZS>m` Am°ŠgmBS> ^a OmZr Mm{hEŸ&

{H$ÝVw àH¥${V Zo AË`ÝV gwÝXaVm go BgH$m g_mYmZ {H$`m h¡, Omo g§ moJ Ûmamgå^d Zhr h¡Ÿ& \$moQ>mo{gÝWo{gg Ûmam no‹S>-nm¡Yo Am°pŠgOZ N>mo‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡aH$m~©ZS>m` Am°ŠgmBS> H$mo H$m~m}hm`S>oQ> _| n[ad{V©V H$a XoVo h¢Ÿ& do à{V{XZ115.2 {~{b`Z Q>Z Am°pŠgOZ N>mo‹S>H$a dm w H$s ñdÀN>Vm H$mo H$m`_ aIVo h¢{Oggo h_ g^r Or{dV ah gH|$Ÿ&

Š`m Bdmoë yeZdmXr ~Vm gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Ordm| Ho$ H«${_H$ {dH$mg Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$~ BZ"H$_ ~w{Õ_mZ Ordm|' Zo g^m ~wbmH$a ñd § H$mo Xmo JwQ>m| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Wm -OrdOÝVw Am¡a dZñn{V - Am¡a {ZU© {b`m {H$ AmO go EH$ dJ© Am°pŠgOZboJm Am¡a Xygam CgH$s ^anmB© H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am°pŠgOZ N>mo‹S>oJm?

dmVmdaU _| dm w H$m gÝVwbZ

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM11

{Xgå~a 20091212121212

aV _| A§J«oOr amO Ho$ Xm¡amZ EH$nÌH$ma éS>`mS>© {H$pßbJ ~ÀMm| Ho$

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yVnyd© AÜ`j Am¡a \«¡$ÝM Z¡eZb g¡ÝQ>a Am°\$ gmBpÝQ>{\$H$ [agM© Ho$ {ZX}eH$')

nar H$WmE±+

bmIm| df©= Bdmoë yeZ

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM12

1313131313 {Xgå~a 2009

~«÷

à{H«$`m _| Yrao-Yrao CgH$m eara ~XbVmJ`m, Am¡a AÝVV… dh ìhob O¡gm {dembH$m`àmUr ~Z J`mŸ&'' 2

AmB o VÏ` OmZZo Ho$ {bE XmoZm| àm{U`m|H$s g§aMZm XoI|Ÿ&

Zrbr ìhob H$m eara 100 \w$Q> bå~m Am¡adOZ _| 1900 {Šd§Q>b hmoVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s Or^H$m dOZ 8 hm{W`m| Ho$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡Ÿ& EH$~ma gm±g boH$a dh g_wÐ _| 3.5 {H$._r.JhamB© VH$ EH$ KÊQ>o VH$ ah gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& _mXmìhob àOZZ Ho$ {bE n¥Ïdr Ho$ EH$ Y«wd go XygaoY«wd VH$ OmVr h¡Ÿ& CgH$s ny±N> EH$ AmíM © h¡- Cg_| H$moB© hÈ>r Zht hmoVr Am¡a dh ~mba{hVa~a Ho$ g_mZ BbmpñQ>H$ hmoVr h¡, Am¡a H$moB©^r Bdmoë yeZdmXr AmOVH$ g_Pm Zht nm`m{H$ Bdmoë yeZ Ûmam H¡$go Cg ny±N> H$s CËn{ÎmhþB©Ÿ&

Bdmoë`yeZdmXr EH$ Am¡a àíZ H$mo ZhtgwbPm nm o, dh h¡ ìhob Ho$ {ga na ~Zm N>oX{Oggo dh 30 \w$Q> D$na VH$ nmZr CN>mbVrh¡Ÿ& H¡$go EH$ ^mby _| AMmZH$ dh N>oX ~ZJ`m?

{H$ÝVw ñd`§ S>m{d©Z Ho$AZwgma nhbo ObMa Am oAm¡a ~mX _| WbMa, {\$aWbMa ^mby go ObMaìhob H¡ $g o ~Zr? Hw $N>d¡km{ZH$ BgH$m ""R>mog,VH©$`wº$ Am¡a d¡km{ZH$''CÎma XoVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ AZwgma_N>{b`m± nmZr go ~mhaAmH$a VQ> na MbZo bJtAm¡a new _| n[ad{V©V hmo JB©Am¡a {\$a CZ newAm| _| goEH$ mby nwZ… nmZr _| CVamAm¡a ìhob ~Z J`mŸ&

Bg H$hmZr go bJVm h¡{H$ _mZmo Cg g_` Ob _§oOr{dV ahZm y{_ na Or{dVahZo go H$_ g§Kf© am WmŸ&

O~{H$ hOmam|-bmIm| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ newAm|H$m OrdZ, {OZ_| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ^mby ^rWo, n¥Ïdr na gm_mÝ` MbVm ahmŸ& Š`m| Hw$N>^mbyAm| H$mo AnZo OrdZ-n[adV©Z Ho$ {bE~mÜ` hmoZm n‹S>m? Am¡a dmñVd _| H¡$go CÝhm|Zoñd § H$mo n[ad{V©V {H$`m? Am¡a EH$ nyU© ìhob~ZZo VH$ CÝhm|Zo AnZm {Zdm©h H¡$go {H$`m?

O~ n[aH$WmAm| _| _oT>H$ H$mo amOHw$_ma~ZVm hþAm {XIm`m OmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo H$ënZm_mZm OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw O~ ^mby ìhob _|n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡ Vmo Cgo Bdmoë yeZ _mZm OmVmh¡Ÿ&

...Am¡a {Oam\$ H¡$go ~Zm?newAm| _| g~go bå~o new {Oam\$ H$s

CËn{Îm H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE Bdmoë yeZdmXrbmIm| dfm] nyd© A\«$sH$m Ho$ O§Jbm| _| KQ>rKQ>Zm ~VmVo h¢; {Ogo {H$gr Zo Zht XoIm h¡Ÿ&

KZo hao-^ao O§Jbm| _| gwÝXa {haU AmZÝXgo {dMaU H$aVo WoŸ& {H$ÝVw Hw$N> g_` níMmV²{ZaÝVa AH$mb Ho$ H$maU y{_ H$s Kmg g_máhmoZo bJr Am¡a {haUm| _| moOZ H$mo boH$a g§Kf©

hmoZo bJmŸ& noQ> aZo Ho$ {bE {haUm| Zo d¥jm| H$s{ZMbr n{Îm`m± ImZr Amaå^ H$s Am¡a O¡go-O¡go {ZMbr n{Îm`m± g_má hmoZo bJt do AnZrJX©Z H$mo D±$Mm CR>mH$a D$na dmbr n{Îm`m± ImZobJoŸ& Á`m|-Á`m| ZrMo H$s n{Îm`m± g_má hmoVrJBª Ë`m|-Ë`m| CÝh| D$na H$s n{Îm`m± ImZo Ho${bE AnZr JX©Z H$mo D$na CR>mZm n‹S>m, Am¡aOmo Eogm H$a nm o do hr ~Mo Am¡a AÝ` _a J oŸ&

ApñVÎd H$s Bg hmo‹S> _| ~Mo hþE {haU20 \w$Q> bå~o hmo J o, CZHo$ eara H$m ê$n~Xb J`m Am¡a CZH$s ËdMm H$m a§J ^r ~XbJ`mŸ& `h Xmo _§{Obm Z`m àmUr {Oam\$ Ho$Zm_ go OmZm OmZo bJmŸ& `{X Eogm hmoVm VmoA\«$sH$m Ho$ O§Jbm| _§o N>moQ>r JX©Z dmbo g^ràmUr _a J o hmoVo, {H$ÝVw A^r h_ XoIVo h¢{H$ {haU H$s {d{^Þ Om{V`m| Ho$ àmUr Am¡a{Oam\$ EH$ gmW A\«$sH$m Ho$ O§Jbm| _| gwIgo {dMaU H$a aho h¢Ÿ&

S>m{d©Z EÝOmB_m nwñVH$ Ho$ boIH$ byWaS>r. gÝS>ab¡ÊS> S>m{d©Z H$s {Oam\$ H$hmZr _|Ìw{Q>`m± ~VmVo hþE {bIVo h¢ -

""`h S>m{d©Zdm{X`m| H$s _ZmoH$ënZm h¡ {H$

Am§V[aH$ ""Amdí`H$Vm''go ào[aV N>moQ>r JX©Z dmbo_yb nyd©Om| Zo no‹S>m| H$sD$nar n{Îm`m| H$mo ImZo Ho${bE JX©Z H$mo ItMm...

{\$a Am¡a ItMm ...

...Am¡a V~VH$ ItMVo ahoO~VH$ do {Oam\$ Zht ~Z J oŸ&

{\$a Am¡a ItMm ...

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM13

{Xgå~a 20091414141414

{Oam\$ Ho$ Hw$N> nyd©Om| H$s JX©Z Am¡a n¡am| H$sh{È>`m± bmIm| dfm] H$s Ad{Y _| ~‹S>r hmoVrJB©Ÿ& {X h ghr h¡ Vmo A^r h_| m Vmo {haUAm¡a {Oam\$ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ àmUr {XIZo Mm{hE`m CZHo$ Ordmí_Ÿ& {H$ÝVw Eogo H$moB© ^r à_mUCnbãY Zht h ¢ Ÿ& ...BVZm hr ZhtBdmoë yeZdm{X`m| Ho$ {bE {Oam\$ Ho$ eara _|{dÚ_mZ aº$Mmn àUmbr H$mo ^r g_PmZo _|Aj_ h¢Ÿ& Bg àUmbr Ho$ Ûmam BVZm Cƒ X~md{Z{_©V hmoVm h¡ {H$ aº$ 20 \w$Q> D$na {Oam\$Ho$ _pñVîH$ VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡, {H$ÝVw AJbo hrjU O~ {Oam\$ nmZr nrZo Ho$ {bE AnZr JX©ZPwH$mVm h¡ Vmo `h Cƒ aº$X~md VwaÝV {JaOmVm h¡ {Oggo _pñVîH$ _| aº$ ^aH$a Cgohm{Z Z nhþ±Mm nm oŸ&'' 3

Bgr àH$ma S>m{d©Z Ho$ AZwgma n¢p½dZm| ZoO~ AnZo gm_Zo \¡$bm AmH$me XoIm Vmo doàbmo{^V hmo J o Am¡a Yrao-Yrao n[ad{V©V hmoVohþE do bå~r JX©Z dmbo ~ÎmI, Mrb, h§g,{M{‹S>`m, H$mo b, H$R>\$mo‹S>m, VmoVm O¡go njr~Z J oŸ&

H¡$gr bJr o H$hm{Z`m±? Š`m Amn H$^r{dídmg H$a|Jo {H$ g‹S>H$ na Xm¡‹S>Vr EH$_moQ>agmB{H$b bmIm| dfm] _| AnZo-Amn O¡Q>hdmB© OhmO ~Z JB© Am¡a AmH$me _| C‹S>ZobJr?

O~ ^r {H$gr {gÕmÝV H$s ImoO hmoVr h¡Vmo Cgo {dkmZ hmoZo H$m Xmdm {H$`m OmVm h¡,{H$ÝVw Hw$N> g_` níMmV² Cgr {gÕmÝV H$mo~MH$mZm H$hH$a {ZañV H$a {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&H$~ VH$ VWmH${WV d¡km{ZH$ Bg àH$ma H$s~oVwH$s ~mVm| H$mo {dkmZ Ho$ Zm_ na WmonVo hþEAm_ OZVm H$mo _yI© ~ZmVo ah|Jo?

nwñVH$ g§X^©1. éS>`mS>© {H$pßb¨J, {MëS´>Zg² ñQ>moar, OñQ> gmogr[a‹O2. Mmëg© S>m{d©Z, X Amo[a{OZ Am°\$ ñnrer‹O(1984 g§ñH$aU, n¥ð> 184)3. byWa S>r. gÝS>ab¡ÊS>, S>m{d©Z EÝOmB_m(1988), n¥ð> 83-84

lrb à wnmX Ûmam S>m{d©ZdmX na Amn{Îm ì`º$H$aZo H$m EH$ H$maU h¡ {H$ Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {df`_| `h ì`m»`m bmoJm| H$mo ZmpñVH$dmX Ed§^m¡{VH$dmX H$s Amoa bo OmVr h¡, {OgHo$ H$maUbmoJ _mZd OrdZ Ho$ _yb CÔoí` go nW «ï> hmoOmVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$m OÝ_-_¥Ë w Ho$ Bg MH«$ _|Xw…I Omar ahVm h¡Ÿ& d¡km{ZH$ ê$n go à{e{jVAnZo {eî`m| _| go EH$ (~m`moH¡${_ñQ> S>m°.WmoS>_ Xm_moXa qgh, ~mX _| {º$ñdê$n Xm_moXañdm_r) Ho$ gmW hþE dmVm©bmn _| lrb à wnmXgaH$ma na Bg ZmpñVH$ S>m{d©ZdmX H$mo ~‹T>mdmXoZo Ho$ {bE Amamon bJmVo h¢Ÿ& `h dmVm©bmn3 \$adar, 1977 H$mo wdZoída _| hþAmŸ&lrb à^wnmX - gaH$ma Bg ZmpñVH$""Bdmoë yeZ'' H$mo ~‹T>mdm Š`m| Xo ahr h¡? Š`m|{H$gaH$mar ZoVm ñd § ~oB©_mZ h¢Ÿ& bmoJm| H$mo BZ~‹S>o-Ÿ~‹S>o H$maImZm| _| H$m_ H$amH$a do Ho$dbñd § Ho$ {bE YZ EH${ÌV H$aZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ&Bg{bE do bmoJm| H$mo CZHo$ OÝ_{gÕ A{YH$ma- gab, gmYmaU, àmH¥${VH$ OrdZ OrH$a^JdX²^mdZm^m{dV ~Z OrdZ Ho$ AÝV _|^JdÕm_ dmng OmZo - go d§{MV H$a CZH$moYmoIm Xo aho h¢Ÿ& gaH$ma H$mo Adí` Eogrì`dñWm H$aZr Mm{hE {Oggo bmoJ dmñVd _|^JdX² mdZm^m{dV ~Z gH|$Ÿ& `h gaH$marZoVmAm| H$m _w»` H$m © h¡Ÿ& CÝh| ^JdX² mdZmH$mo ~‹T>mZo na Omoa XoZm Mm{hE, {Og_| g^rH$‹S>mB© go ^JdmZ² Ho$ {Z`_m| H$m nmbZ H$agH|$Ÿ& Omo Hw$N> ^r ghr Zht h¡ Cgo g_má H$a{X`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ& {H$gr ^r ~H$dmg MrOH$mo AZw_{V Zht Xr OmZr Mm{hEŸ& `hdmñV{dH$ gaH$ma h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE hr h_ ^rH$m © H$a aho h¢Ÿ& gaH$mar ZoVmAm| H$m H$m © `hXoIZm h¡ {H$ d¡km{ZH$ Ed§ ~w{ÕOrdr dJ© Ho$bmoJ N>mÌm| H$mo na_ nwéfmoÎm_ JdmZ² Ho$ {df`_| kmZ Xo aho h¢ `m ZhtŸ&S>m°. qgh - AmOH$b gaH$mar ZoVm XoIaho h¢ {H$ ~w{ÕOrdr gd©ì`mnr nXmW© Ho$ {df`_| kmZ X| {Og_| AmË_m Ed§ na_mË_m Ho$ {df`

_| Hw$N> ^r Z ~Vm`m OmEŸ& EH$ Amgwar VahH$m kmZŸ& Eogr H$ënZm H$aZm ^r H${R>Z h¡ {H$o Amgwar bmoJ AmpñVH$ VH$m} H$mo ñdrH$ma

H$a CZ_| lÕm {dH${gV H$a nm |JoŸ&lrb à^wnmX - h_| Bg na Omoa XoZmMm{hEŸ& Yrao-Yrao nyam {díd `h XoIoJm {H$`hm± àW_ loUr Ho$ gÁOZ h¢ Am¡a `hm± àW_loUr H$s g§ñH¥${V h¡Ÿ& d¡{XH$ gä`VmŸ&^JdX²^mdZm^m{dV gä`VmŸ& dmñV{dH$gä`VmŸ& h_| gX¡d ñ_aU aIZm Mm{hE, bmoJBg JdX² mdZm^m{dV g§ñH¥${V _| é{M aIVoh¢Ÿ& `h ñdm^m{dH$ h¡Ÿ& Am¡a ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUBgo MmhVo h¢Ÿ& h_ Hw$N> ~X_mem| Ûmam H$s OmZodmbr Amn{Îm`m| H$s nadmh Š`m| H$a|?^JdX²^mdZm^m{dV g§ñH¥${V H$mo \¡$bmZo Ho${bE Hw$N> H$amoŸ& `h lrH¥$îU H$m H$m`© h¡Ÿ&nwñVH|$ N>mnm|Ÿ& nyao {díd _| «_U H$amoŸ& BgZmpñVH$ gaH$ma H$s Zr{V`m| H$mo MwZm¡Vr XmoŸ&CZHo$ ~wÕrOrdr ^m‹S>o Ho$ Q>Åz>Am| H$mo MwZm¡VrXmoŸ& ""AmAmo ~X_me d¡km{ZH$moŸ& AmnZo ñd §H$mo ^m¡{VH$dmX Ed§ ZmpñVH$dmX H$mo \¡$bmZoHo$ {bE {X`m h¡Ÿ& h_ d¡km{ZH$ ê$n go AmË_mAm¡a JdmZ² Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ñWm{nV H$a|JoŸ&''lrb à wnmX Zo d¡km{ZH$ ê$n go à{e{jV AnZo{eî`m| H$mo S>m{d©ZdmX H$mo MwZm¡Vr XoZo H$m {ZX}e{X`mŸ& H$B© ~ma do Bg dmX Ho$ g_W©H$m| H$mo ~hþVH$R>moa eãX (~X_me) H$hH$a gå~mo{YV H$aVoWoŸ& Hw$N> bmoJ Amn{Îm ì`º$ H$a gH$Vo h¢ {H$g^r {dH$mgdmXr ZmpñVH$ m¡{VH$dmXr Zht h¢Ÿ&CXmhaUV… AmOH$b Hw$N> Eogo bmoJ h¢ OmoAmpñVH$ Bdmoë yeZ H$m g_W©Z H$aVo h¢ {Og_|do S>m{d©Z Ûmam Ordm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$s ì`m»`m H$mo^r ñdrH$maVo h¢Ÿ& do H$hVo h¢, ""^JdmZ² Zo Ordm|Ed§ nm¡Ym| H$s aMZm H$s {H$ÝVw CÝhm|Zo S>m{d©Z Ûmam{XE JE {dH$mgdmX Ho$ AZwgma H$sŸ&'' O¡gm{H$ `hm± {XE JE CÕaUm| go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡{H$ h {dMmaYmam d¡{XH$ gm{hË`m| ({deof ê$ngo nwamUm|) _| Ordm| Ho$ eara Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ CX²J_H$s ì`m»`m Ho$ AZwHy$b Zht h¡Ÿ&

(n¥ð> 5 H$m eof ^mJ)

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM14

1515151515 {Xgå~a 2009

~ Ord AmÜ`mpË_H$ OJV² go Bg ^m¡{VH$ OJV² _| ñdVÝÌ ê$ngo ^moJ H$aZo H$s BÀN>m go AmVm h¡ Vmo dh àH¥${V Ho$ VrZ JwUm|

Ho$ AYrZ hmo AnZr ewÕ MoVZm H$mo Imo ~¡R>Vm h¡Ÿ& AmË_m H$s Z Vmo _¥Ë whmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z hr Cg_| Hw$N> n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ {H$ÝVw {\$a ^r ^m¡{VH$OJV² _| EH$ eara go Xygao eara _|ñWmZm§V[aV hmoVo g_` Cgo {d{^Þ ñVaH$s MoVZmAm| go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& lrb^{º${dZmoX R>mHw$a AnZr nwñVH$ O¡d Y_©_| MoVZm Ho$ Bdm oë`yeZ (H«${_H${dH$mg) H$m d¡{XH$ _V Bg àH$ma àñVwVH$aVo h¢ -

1. AmÀN>m{XV MoVZm, AmdaU H$shþB© (T>H$s hþB©) MoVZm - AMb OrdO¡go no‹S>, nm¡Yo `m nhm{‹S>`m± Bg {d^mJ_| AmVo h¢Ÿ&

2. g§Hw${MV MoVZm, {gHw$‹S>r hþB©MoVZm - njr, new, garg¥n, ObMaEd§ H$sQ> Bg {d^mJ _| AmVo h¢Ÿ&

3. _wHw${bV MoVZm, {IbVr hþB©MoVZm - ^JdmZ² Ho$ {Z`_m| H$m C„§KZH$aZo dmbm Am¡a ZmpñVH$, {H$ÝVwgm_m{OH$ Ñ{ï> go H$mZyZ{à` Am¡aZ¡{VH$Ÿ&

4. {dH${gV MoVZm - ^JdmZ² _|lÕmdmZ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ _mZd, Omo emóm|Ho$ {Z`_m| H$mo nmbZ H$aZo H$m à`mgH$aVm h¡ Am¡a ^JdmZ² H$s godm goAmH${f©V hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&

5. nyU© {dH${gV `m nyar {Ibr hþB©MoVZm - {OZ bmoJm| Zo ^JdmZ² H$s godm

MoVZm H$m Bdmoë yeZ`Ú{n S>m{d©Z Ûmam àñVwV Bdmoë yeZ H$s AdYmaUm ghr Wr, {H$ÝVw

Bdmoë yeZ {H$gH$m hmoVm h¡, Bg {df` _| do JbV WoŸ&

Ho$ à{V ghO AmH$f©U Ed§ ào_ OmJ«V H$a {b`m h¡ do Bg gdm}ƒ dJ©_| AmVo h¢Ÿ&

S>m{d©Z Ho$ AZwgma eara H$m Bdmoë yeZ hmoVm h¡ {H$ÝVw doXm| Ho$ AZwgmaMoVZm H$mŸ& O~ OrdmË_m Bg ^m¡{VH$ g§gma _| AmVr h¡ Vmo Cgo Cƒ

MoVZm dmbm eara {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVwñdVÝÌVm H$m Xwén`moJ H$aVo hþE O~ dh^JdmZ² Ho$ {Z`_m| H$m C„§KZ H$aVm h¡Vmo Cgo {ZåZ `mo{Z`m| _| OmZo Ho$ {bE~mÜ` hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡ŸAm¡a CgH$s MoVZmH$mo A{YH$m{YH$ AmÀN>m{XV H$a CgH$sñdVÝÌVm H$_ H$a Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ& `h Eogmhr h¡ O¡go EH$ AnamYr H$mo gbmIm| Ho$nrN>o S>mb CgH$s ñdVÝÌVm na nm~ÝXrbJm Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ&

Ho$db _mZd `mo{Z hr H$_© `mo{Z h¡,Am¡a eof g^r mo{Z`m± moJ mo{Z`m±Ÿ_mZrOmVr h¢Ÿ& Ho$db _mZd eara _| hr ì`{º$H$mo ñdVÝÌ BÀN>m àXmZ H$s OmVr h¡,{OgHo$ Ûmam dh emóm| Ho$ AZwgmaAÀN>o-~wao H$_m] H$m MwZmdH$a AnZrMoVZm H$mo EH$ ñdê$n XoVm h¡, {OgHo$AmYma na Cgo _¥Ë`monamÝV AJbm earaàmá hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `{X dh {ZåZ `mo{Z`m| _|{JaVm h¡ Vmo CZ `mo{Z`m| _| dh AnZo_mZd OrdZ _| {H$ o J o H$_©\$bm| H$mo^moJVm hþAm H«$_e… no‹S>-nm¡Yo, garg¥n,ObMa, H$sQ>, njr Am¡a newAm| Ho$earam| H$mo àmá H$aVm hþAm AÝVV… _mZdeara àmá H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& `hr d¡{XH$Bdmoë yeZ h¡Ÿ&

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM15

{Xgå~a 20091616161616

ƒo {dkmZ gå~ÝYr dr{S>`mo XoIZo Ho${bE ~¡R> J oŸ& {gVmam| ao AmH$me H$s

N>{d Ho$ gmW H$moZo _| EH$ à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$ H$m{MÌ C^a Am`mŸ& ""~«÷mÊS> H$s CËn{Îm Am¡aOrdZ H$s ImoO H$aZo na h_ nmVo h¢,'' EH$AmdmO Zo H$hm, ""{H$ h_mam òmoV EH$ {ZOudAm¡a ^mdZmeyÝ` §Ì h¡Ÿ&''

nyao H$_ao _| EH$ H$ånZ H$m AZw d H$aVohþE _¢ {gha CR>rŸ& _¢ ^JdX²JrVm Ho$ {df` _|gmoMZo bJr {Og_| ~Vm`m J`m h¡ {H$ h_mamòmoV EH$ gdm©H$f©H$ ì`{º$ h¡ Omo h_mam na_{_Ì h¡, Am¡a do h¢ lrH¥$îUŸ&

Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Am¡a {ejm àUmbrHo$ ~rM Š`m gå~ÝY h¡? Bg àíZ H$m CÎmaOmZZo Ho$ {bE g~go nhbo _¢ {ejm Ho$ CÔoí`m|H$s MMm© H$ê±$JrŸ& {\$a _¢ MMm© H$ê±$Jr {H${H$g àH$ma Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV CZ bú`m|Ho$ {déÕ h¢, Am¡a AÝV _| h_ MMm© H$a|Jo {H${H$Z Mma àH$ma go kmZ {X`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a{H$g àH$ma AmO Bdmoë yeZ H$m kmZ CZ Mmam|VarH$m| go {gIm`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ&

~ƒm| H$mo {ejm Š`m|?e¡j{UH$ àmo\o$ga Omob EM. pñàJ AnZr

nwñVH$ A_o[aH$Z EOwHo$eZ _| {bIVo h¢ {H$_mVm-{nVm AnZo ~ƒm| H$mo ì`dgm{`H$,gm_m{OH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ Am¡a ì`{º$JV H$maUm| gon‹T>mVo h¢Ÿ& O~{H$ gaH$ma AnZo ZmJ[aH$m| H$moamOZ¡{VH$, gm_m{OH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ bm^ Ho${bE {ejm XoVr h¡Ÿ&

{H$ÝVw g_ñ`m `h h¡ {H$ BZ àe§gmË_H$CÔoí`m| _| {JamdQ> AmVr Om ahr h¡Ÿ& CXmhaUHo$ {bE gaH$ma MmhVr h¡ {H$ H¡$go bmoJA{YH$m{YH$ _ohZV H$a Xoe H$s Am{W©H$pñW{V H$mo D$na CR>m |Ÿ& `h _mVm-{nVm H$sCg BÀN>m go {^Þ h¡ {Og_| do MmhVo h¢ {H$CZHo$ ~ƒo AnZo H$m`m] _| gÝVwï> ah|Ÿ& H$m_ Ho${df` _| ~XbVr {dMmaYmam _mVm-{nVm Am¡agaH$ma H$s ì`dgm{`H$ CÔoí`m| H$s n[a^mfmH$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡Ÿ& nm±M gm¡ df© nyd© H$m_H$mo H$V©ì` _mZm OmVm Wm Am¡a Cg_| àmá \$bm|H$mo ^JdmZ² H$s XoZŸ& ~rgdt gXr Ho$ Amaå^_| H$m_ H$mo ^m¡{VH$ gwajm Ho$ ê$n _| XoIm OmZobJm, Am¡a 1960 Ho$ XeH$ _| ì`{º$JVgÝVw{ï> Ho$ _mJ© Ho$ ê$n _|Ÿ& {H$ÝVw AmOH$bH$m_ bmo H$mo gÝVwï> H$aZo Am¡a BpÝÐ`gwIàmá H$aZo H$m _mÜ`_ ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&

`{X h_ AmYw{ZH$ {ejm H$mo lrH¥$îU H$s

{ejmAm| Ho$ àH$me _| Om±M| Vmo h_ nm |Jo {H$Š`m|{H$ {ejm N>mÌm| _| gÎdJwU OmJ«V H$aZo_| Ag\$b ahVr h¡, dh ì`{º$JV Am¡agm_y{hH$ H$ë`mU Ho$ CÔoí` H$mo àmá Zht H$anmVrŸ& CXmhaUmW©, ^JdX²JrVm _| lrH¥$îUH$hVo h¢ {H$ gƒm kmZ Am¡a gwI Ho$dbgVmoJwU _| gå^d h¡Ÿ& Eogm Bg{bE Š`m|{H$Ho$db gVmoJwU _| hr ì`{º$ ""g_P nmVm h¡{H$ Š`m H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a Š`m Zht, {H$ggoS>aZm Mm{hE Am¡a {H$ggo Zht, Am¡a Š`m~ÝYZH$mar h¡ Am¡a Š`m _w{º$ àXmZ H$aZodmbmŸ&'' gVmoJwU _| ì`{º$ ñd § Ho$ Ed§ g_mOHo$ bm^ Ho$ {bE ""{_Ï`m Ah§H$ma Ho$ {~Zm,nyar Ñ‹T>Vm Am¡a CËgmh go, Am¡a g\$bVmAWdm {d\$bVm go {dM{bV hþE {~Zm'' H$m ©H$aVm h¡Ÿ& gVmoJwU _| ì`{º$ ~w{Õ_mZ², ñdÀN>,B©_mZXma, gÝVwï>, AmË_g§ _r Am¡a AqhgH$hmoVm h¡Ÿ& dh g~Ho$ H$ë`mU Ho$ {bE Bg àH$magË` ~mobVm h¡ {Oggo AÝ` C{Û¾ Zht hmoVoŸ&

A{YH$m §e {ejH$ Am ¡a e¡j{UH${gÕmÝVdmXr gh_V hm|Jo {H$ `{X {ejmàUmbr go Cn w©º$ JwU dmbo ZmJ[aH$ CËnÞhmo gH|$ Vmo {ejm Ho$ CÔoí`m| H$s ny{V© hmo gH$Vrh¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw gVmoJwU _| kmZ hmoZo Ho$ {bE `h

{ejm àUmbr

Am¡a Bdmoë yeZ

-D${_©bm Xodr Xmgr

AmYw{ZH$ {ejm àUmbr _| Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à^md na EH$ Ñ{ï>

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1717171717 {Xgå~a 2009

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{Xgå~a 20091818181818

Ñ{ï> {dH${gV H$aZm AË`ÝV Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$g^r àm{U`m| _| AmÜ`mpË_H$ AmË_m h¡ Am¡aàH¥${V Ûmam CÝh| {d{^Þ eara {X o J o h¢Ÿ&gVmoJwUr ì`{º$ OmZVm h¡ {H$ g^r Ord _ybV…g_mZ ê$n go _hËdnyU© h¢Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> Ho$ {~ZmgVmoJwU Ho$ AÝ` bm^ AnZm nyam à^md Zht{XIm gH$VoŸ& AmYw{ZH$ {ejm àUmbr Bgg_mZ Ñ{ï> H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo H$s ZH$b H$aZoHo$ {bE Om{V, qbJ AWdm j_VmAm| H$moZOaA§XmO H$aZo H$m AmˆmZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVwAmË_m Am¡a eara Ho$ AÝVa H$mo g_Po {~Zm oà`mg AnyU© h¢ Am¡a `hm± VH${H$ aOmoJwU Am¡aV_moJwU H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVo h¢Ÿ&

lrH¥$îU Ho$ AZwgma aOmoJwUr ì`{º$ ñd §H$mo eara _mZVm h¡ Am¡a {d{^Þ àm{U`m| Ho$earam| H$mo CZH$s gƒr nhMmZ _mZVm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a

V_moJwU Ûmam {Z`§{ÌV ì`{º$ Ho$db AnZremar[aH$ _m±Jm| H$mo V¥á H$aZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ&

g^r Ordm| _| AmË_m H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bEgVmoJwUr ì`{º$ H$mo na_ AmË_m H$m kmZ hmoZmMm{hEŸ& gÎd AWm©V² gË`, Am¡a na_ AmË_m

H$mo na_ gÎd H$hm OmVm h¡, Omo ñd § _| nyU©Am¡a gË` h¢ Am¡a {OZ_| H$moB© Im_r AWdmAgË` Zht h¡Ÿ&

gVmoJwU _| {ejm go bmoJm| H$s AmË_m,~w{Õ Am¡a eara gË` go àH$m{eV hmo OmVo h¢Am¡a do g_P OmVo h¢ {H$ AmË_m Am¡a ^JdmZ²O‹S>nXmW© go {^Þ h¢Ÿ& Eogo kmZdmZ bmoJì`{º$JV, gm_m{OH$, ì`dgm{`H$ Am¡a~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go {dH${gV hmoH$a ñd § Ed§ g_mOHo$ H$ë`mUmW© H$m © H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

Bdmoë yeZ H$s n[a^mfmAm¡a CgH$m {ejm àUmbr

Ho$ gmW gå~ÝYBdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à_wIV… Xmo nhby

h¢ - 1) nhbm `h {H$ O‹S>nXmW© Ho$ gmWg§ moJde {_lUH o $n[aUm_ñdê$nOrd H$s CËn{ÎmhþB© Am¡a Bg{bEOrdZ Am¡aO‹S >nXmW© _ |AÝVV… H$m oB ©AÝVa Zht h¡,Am ¡a 2)g§ moJde nhbmOr{dV g¡bCËnÞ hmoZo Ho$níMmV² dh{dH${gV hmoVmJ`m Am¡a EH$-H o $-~mX-EH$eara _|n[ad{V©V hmoVm

J`mŸ& Bg à{H«$`m _| do nhbo go A{YH$ ~ohVahmoVo J oŸAm¡a CZH$s g§aMZm gab go O{Q>bhmoVr JB©Ÿ&

Bg {gÕmÝV go hm oZ o dmbr hm{Z -AmÜ`mpË_H$, Z¡{VH$, Am¡a gm_m{OH$ - H$mo

XoIZm ghO h¡, Š`m|{H$ BgH$m AW© hþAm {H$h_ Ho$db _erZ| h¢Ÿ& {\$a BÀN>m |, AmH$m§jm |,CÔoí`, _yë` Am¡a ^mdZm`| VwÀN> {ZaW©H$agm`Zm| Am¡a {dÚwV Va§Jm| Ho$ {_lU Ho$A{V[aº$ Hw$N> Zht ah OmVr h¢Ÿ& Cn w©º$ XmonhbyAm| _| Xygao {gÕmÝV Ho$ - {H$ EH$ OrdXygao _| n[ad{V©V hwAm - AZoH$ Xwîn[aUm_m|_| go VrZ h¡, 1) Bg_| ^JdmZ² Ho$ ApñVÎdH$mo nyar Vah go Im[aO H$a {X`m J`m h¡, 2)`h Bg {ZîH$f© go gh_V h¡ {H$ OrdZ Ho$dbagm`Zm| H$m {_lU h¡, Am¡a 3) `h gmYZm| Ho${bE ñnYm© H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVm h¡Ÿ&

AmB o BÝh| EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ XoI|Ÿ& g~gonhbo ^bo hr g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n go `h gå^d h¡{H$ ^JdmZ² EH$ Eogr à{H«$`m H$m {ZX}eZ H$a|{Oggo EH$ `mo{Z go Xygar `mo{Z H$m {dH$mghmo, Bg àH$ma Ho$ {Xem-{ZXo©eZ H$m Bdmoë yeZ_| H$moB© ñWmZ Zht h¡Ÿ& A{nVw Bg à{H«$`m H$sd¡km{ZH$ ì`m»`m h¡ {H$ o g~ AmH$pñ_H$g§ moJde hmo J`mŸ& ^JdmZ² hmo gH$Vo h¢ `mZht ^r bo{H$Z CZH$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡Ÿ&Am¡a Omo ^JdmZ² Ûmam ~ZmB© JB© Ordm| Ho$Bdmoë yeZ H$s nÕ{V _| {dídmg H$aVo h¢ CÝh|^mdwH$ Am¡a é{‹T>dmXr H$hH$a {ZañV H$a {X`mOmVm h¡Ÿ&

Eogo bmoJ Omo `h OmZVo ^r h¢ {H$ Bg g¥{ï>Ho$ nrN>o JdmZ² H$m hmW h¡, CZ_| go A{YH$VaBdmoë yeZ {gÕmÝV ñdrH$maZo go hmoZo dmbo XygaoXwîn[aUm_ - {H$ OrdZ Ho$db agm`Zm| H$m{_lU h¡ - H$mo g_P Zht nmVoŸ& H¡$go? BgàH$ma - _mZ br{OE `{X EH$ àmUr Xygao _|{dH${gV Zht hþAm Vmo BgH$m AW© h¡ g^ràmUr EH$-Xygao go ñdVÝÌ àH$Q> hþE h¢Ÿ& {H$ÝVwAmOVH$ {H$gr ^r d¡km{ZH$ Zo `h Zhtg_Pm`m {H$ H¡$go amgm{`ZH$ gyn _| {~ObrHo$ Q>H$amZo go EH$ eoa, Mrb `m ~aJX H$m no‹S>CËnÞ hwAmŸ& Bg{bE Bg YmaUm H$mo {gÕH$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$ OrdZ agm`Zm| H$m {_lUh¡, d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ nmg Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝVH$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` H$moB©

_¢ nyar Vah {dídñV hÿ± {H$ Bdmoë yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m, {deofV…{Og ñVa VH$ Bgo AnZm`m Om ahm h¡, {dî` _| B{Vhmg H$s nwñVH$m|_| _OmH$ C‹S>m`m Om oJmŸ& ^mdr nr{‹T>`m± AmíM © H$a|Jr {H$ BVZoImoIbo Am¡a g§Xoh^ao {gÕmÝVm| H$mo H¡$go ^mobo {dídmg go ñdrH$ma{H$`m J`mŸ&_¡ëH$_ _w½J¡[aO, X ES>dmoHo$Q>, 8 _mM© 1984, n¥ð> 17

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1919191919 {Xgå~a 2009

{dH$ën Zht h¡Ÿ& Am¡a EH$ AmpñVH$ Ho$ {bEBgo ñdrH$ma H$aZm AË`ÝV IVaZmH$ h¡Ÿ&

Bg {gÕmÝV H$m {H$ ApñVÎd Ho$ {bEg§Kf© _| Ho$db dhr Or{dV ~Mm Omo loð> Wm,Vrgam Xwîn[aUm_ `h h¡ {H$ `h gmYZm| Ho${bE ñnYm© H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVm h¡Ÿ& dmñVd _|Bdmoë yeZ {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ Xw~©b Ordm|H$mo Zï> H$aHo$ {ZX© r ñnYm© hr àJ{V H$m à_wIH$maU h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma `h bmo Am¡a emofUH$mo gm_m{OH$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE AÀN>m ~VmVmh¡Ÿ&

BgHo$ gmW hr Bdm oë`yeZ {gÕmÝV{XemhrZVm H$mo r ~‹T>mdm XoVm h¡, O~{H$ JrVm_| Bgo AkmZVm, A§YH$ma Am¡a nmJbnZ H$mbjU ~Vm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Bdmoë yeZdmXr ñd §ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ CZH$m {gÕmÝV {XemhrZVmH$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& 1967 _| O¡d d¡km{ZH${O`m°O© Jobm°S>© {gåßgZ Zo {bIm, ""_Zwî` EH$Eogo ñdm^m{dH$ Am¡a CÔoí`hrZ nÕ{V ÛmamCËnÞ hmo J`m {OgH$m CÔoí` Cgo CËnÞ H$aZmWm hr ZhtŸ&''1 1970 _| Zmo~b nwañH$ma{dOoVm AmpÊdH$ O¡d d¡km{ZH$ O¡Š og _moZmoS>Zo KmofUm H$s {H$, ""AÝVV… S>m{d©Z Ûmam {X oJ o {gÕmÝV H$s ñWmnZm hmo JB©,'' Am¡a CgHo$n[aUm_ñdê$n ""_Zwî` H$mo g_PZm Mm{hE {H$CgH$s CËn{Îm _mÌ EH$ XwK©Q>Zm h¡Ÿ&''2

`h ñnï> h¡ {H$ Bdmoë`yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝVgVmoJwU Ho$ {déÕ h¢Ÿ& Bg{bE {ejm{dXm| Ho$AmH$f©H$ CÔoí` V~VH$ AnyU© ah|Jo O~VH$Bdmoë`yeZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV {ejm àUmbr H$mAmYma h¢Ÿ& Bg{bE O~ lrb à wnmX H$hVoWo {H$ ""{OVZm A{YH$ h_ S>m{d©Z Ho$ {gÕmÝVH$m IÊS>Z H$a|Jo AmÜ`mpË_H$ MoVZm _| h_

CVZr àJ{V H$a|Jo'' h_| AmíM © Zht H$aZmMm{hEŸ&

A^r h_ MMm© H$a|Jo {H$ H¡$go ~ƒm| H$mo{ejm Xr OmVr h¡, Am¡a {H$g àH$ma Bdmoë yeZHo$ {gÕmÝV Iwbo-{N>no ê$n go CÝh| {gIm oOmVo h¢Ÿ&

~ƒm| H$mo {ejm XoZo H$mgm_mÝ` VarH$m

Mma àH$ma Ho$ nmR>çH«$_m| Ûmam {ejm XrOmVr h¡Ÿ& nhbm "nmR>çH«$_ _| {Z`mo{OV' Am¡aOmo g^r H$mo ñnï> {XIVm h¡, Xygam {XImB© XoVmh¡ Am¡a dh {d{YdV² ^r hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Am¡a eof Xmo{gIm o OmVo h¢ {H$ÝVw do nmR>çH«$_ _| AÑí`ê$n _| ahVo h¢Ÿ&

nhbo ñVa H$mo ""{Z`mo{OV nmR>çH«$_''1

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O~ h_ Xygao ñVa na AmVo h¢ {Og_|""dmñV{dH$ n‹T>m`m OmZo dmbm nmR>çH«$_''2

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bmoJ Omo H$aVo h¢, Am¡a bmoJ Omo H$hVo h¢ {H$ doOmo H$aVo h¢, VrZm| {~ëHw$b AbJ-AbJh¡Ÿ&''

Vrgam ñVa ""{N>nm nmR>çH«$_''3Ÿ& {ejmXoZo H$m `h EH$ à~b VarH$m h¡ Am¡a nwñVH$m|Ho$ àH$meH$ OmZ~yPH$a BgH$m Cn`moJ H$aVoh¢Ÿ& A{YH$m§e g_` {ejH$ ^r Z OmZVo hþEBgH$m Cn`moJ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& {N>no nmR>çH«$_ _| H$jmHo$ {Z`_, nwñVH$m| _| {X o J o {MÌ, MrOm| H$mog_PmZo Ho$ {bE à`wº$ eãX Am¡a {H$gH$sàe§gm H$s JB© h¡ Am¡a {H$gH$m Cnhmg C‹S>m`mJ`m h¡, g~ AmVm h¡Ÿ& A{YH$Va {N>nonmR>çH«$_ Ûmam hr ~ƒo OrdZ Ho$ _yë`m|,YmaUmAm|, ñdrH¥$V gm_m{OH$ ì`dhma Am¡añd § AnZr N>{d Ho$ {df` _| grIVo h¢Ÿ&

CXmhaUmW©, EH$ gaH$mar ñHy$b _|àemgH$ H$m H$m © H$aVo hþE O~ _¢ ~mah dfu`~ƒm| H$s H$jm _| JB© Vmo {e{jH$m Zo ~ƒm|H$mo CZHo$ {à` aoñQ>moaoÝQ> H$m Zm_ ~VmZo Ho$ {bEH$hmŸ& {\$a dh _oar Amoa _w‹S>rŸ& O~ _¢Zo H$hm{H$ _¢ AH$ga aoñQ>moaoÝQ> _| Zht ImVr Vmo{e{jH$m H$mo {dídmg Zht hþAmŸ& ~ƒo AnZrAm±I| Kw_mVo hþE CnhmgOZH$ AmdmO|{ZH$mbZo bJo Am¡a {e{jH$m Zo CÝh| Eogm H$aZogo _Zm Zht {H$`mŸ& _wPo bJm _mZmo dhm± _¢ EH$ANy>V ~Z JB©Ÿ& Eogm Zht h¡ {H$ {e{jH$m ~ƒm|H$mo {gImVr h¡ aoñQ>moaoÝQ> _| Zht ImZm gm_m{OH$Ñ{ï>H$moU go AOr~moJar~ ~mV h¡, {H$ÝVw Hw$N>Z H$hVo hþE ^r CgH$m g§Xoe ñnîQ> WmŸ& EH$AÝ` CXmhaU _| nmR>çnwñVH$ _| ~¡b go IoVrH$aVo EH$ {H$gmZ H$m {MÌ Wm Am¡a CgHo$ZrMo {bIm Wm, ""A{dH${gV Xoem| _| A^r^r bmoJ IoVr H$s Am{XH$mbrZ VH$ZrH|$

h_mao nmg EH$ `mo{Z go Xygar `mo{Z _| n[ad©VZ H$m EH$ ^r à_mU Zht h¡...h_`h {gÕ Zht H$a gH$Vo {H$ EH$ eara Xygao _| n[ad{V©V hþAmŸ&

-Mmëg© S>m{d©Z, _oam OrdZ Am¡a nÌ, mJ-1

1. Planned Curriculum, 2. Taught Curriculum, 3. Hidden Curriculum

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM19

{Xgå~a 20092020202020

AnZmVo h¢Ÿ&''CXmhaU Ho$ {bE `{X {ejH$ Am¡a nwñVH|$

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Mm ¡Wm ñVa ""A_mÝ` AWdm aÔnmR>çH«$_'' (null curriculum) H$hbmVmh¡Ÿ& Bgo {~Zm Hw$N> H$ho `m {bIo n‹T>m`m OmVm

h¡Ÿ& CXmhaUmW©, `Ú{n nmíMmË` Xoem| H$snmR>çnwñVH$m| _| {d{^Þ Om{V`m| Ho$ n[admam|Ho$ {MÌ {XIm`o OmVo h¢, A{YH$m§e {MÌCnZJam| _| ahZo dmbo _Ü`_dJu` n[admam| Ho$hmoVo h¢Ÿ& A{YH$ YZr Zht, A{YH$ {ZY©Z Zht,Hw$N>oH$ n[adma Omo IoVr H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {H$gr^r n[adma _| VrZ go A{YH$ ~ƒo Zht h¢,Am¡a A{YH$Va {H$gr Y_© H$m nmbZ Z H$aZodmbo - Eogo {MÌŸ& BgHo$ Ûmam ~ƒm| H$moAàË`j ê$n go n‹T>m`m OmVm h¡ {H$ BgHo$A{V[aº$ OrdZ Hw$N> h¡ hr Zht, `m `{X h¡ ^rVmo dh Agm_mÝ` h¡Ÿ&

A_mÝ` nmR>çH«$_ EH$ à~b _mJ© h¡ {OgHo$Ûmam ~ƒm| H$mo {gIm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ CÝh| g_mO_| Š`m ~ZZm h¡Ÿ& BVZm hr Zht nyar {ejm Ho$Xm¡amZ Hw$N> {df`m| `m OmZH$mar H$mo OmZ~yPH$a {N>nm`m OmVm h¡¡ Am¡a CÝh| AàË`j ê$ngo ~Vm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ CZ {df`m| Ho$ AÜ``ZH$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡, AWdm CZ_| Hw$N>Xmof h¡Ÿ&

{H$g àH$ma BZ Mma ñVam| naBdmoë yeZ H$s {ejm Xr OmVr h¡Ÿ

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2121212121 {Xgå~a 2009

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H$m°b_ Ho$ nhbo n¡am _| Hw$N> eãX A§J«Or

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM21

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM22

2323232323 {Xgå~a 2009

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM23

{Xgå~a 20092424242424

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM24

2525252525 {Xgå~a 2009

XodVmAm| H$s CËn{ÎmA{X{V XodVmAm| H$s _m±

h ¡ Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_²8.23.4) BÝÐ CZHo$ ½`mad|n wÌ h ¢ Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_²6.18, gmam §e) {dZVm(gwnU©) Zo {dîUw Ho$ dmhZJé‹S> Am¡a gy ©Xod Ho$ gmaWrAéU H$m o OÝ_ {X`mŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.21-22) _w{Z Ho$ J © go AßgamE±CËnÞ hþB©Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_²6.6.27) amjgm| H$m OÝ_gwagm H o $ J^© go h þAmŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.628)A[aï>m go JÝYd© CËnÞ hþEŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.29-31) JÝYd©, {dÚmYa, MmaUEd§ XodXyV O¡gr X¡dr `mo{Z`m±CZHo$ g§JrV H$s ñda-bharH$mo ì`º$ H$aVr h¢ Am¡a Amgwarg¡{ZH$ CZH$s AX² wV e{º$ Ho$à{Vê$n h¢Ÿ& (lr_X² mJdV_²2.1.36)

go 60 nw{Ì`m| H$mo OÝ_ {X`m... {d{^Þ _hmnwéfm| Ho$ gmWBZ 60 H$Ý`mAm| Ho$ g§`moJ go hr `h g_ñV ~«÷mÊS>OrdmË_mAm| go n[anyU© hmo gH$m, {Og_| _Zwî`, XodVm,Agwa, new, njr VWm ZmJ gpå_{bV h¢Ÿ& (lr_X² mJdV_²6.6, gmam§e)

H$X©_ _w{Z H$s nwÌr H$bm, {OgH$m {ddmh _ar{M gohþAm Wm, Zo H$í`n H$mo OÝ_ {X`m (lr_X²^mJdV_²4.1.13) H$í`n Zo {ddmh _| Xj H$s gÌh nw{Ì`m| H$moñdrH$ma {H$`mŸ& (lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.2) ( o h¢) H$í`nH$s npËZ`m±...(Omo) bJ^J nyao ~«÷mÊS> H$s OZg§»`m H$s_mVmE± h¢ Am¡a {OZHo$ Zm_ gwZZm ~hþV _§Jb_` h¡Ÿ& do h¢ -A{X{V, {X{V, XZw, H$mð>m, A[aï>m, gwagm, Bbm, _w{Z,H«$moYdem, Vm_«m, gwa{^, ga_m VWm {V{_Ÿ& (lr_X² mJdV_²6.6.24-26) (gmW-gmW) {dZVm (gwnUm©), H$Ðÿ,nV§Jr VWm `m{_ZrŸ& (lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.21-22)

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM25

{Xgå~a 20092626262626

ObMa Ed§ dZñn{V{V{_ Ho$ J © go g_ñV ObMa CËnÞ hþEŸ&

(lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.24-26) Bbm Ho$ J ©go g_ñV bVmE± VWm d¥j CËnÞ hþEŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.28)

njr Ed§ garg¥n

nV§Jr Z o ZmZmàH$ma Ho$ n{j`m| H$moOÝ_ {X`m(l r_X ²^ mJdV_ ²6 . 6 . 2 1 - 2 2 )Am¡a Vm_«m Ho$ J^© go~mO, JrY VWmAÝ` {eH$mar n{j`m|Z o OÝ_ {b`mŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_²

6.6.27) {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ njr CZH$s(lrH¥$îU H$s) Xj H$bmË_H$ é{M Ho$gyMH$ h¢Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_² 2.1.36)

H$Ðÿ Zo AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ gnm] H$mo OÝ_{X`mŸ& (lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.21-22)H«$moYdem go X§XeyH$ Zm_H$ gn© gmW hrgmW AÝ` gn© (Am¡a a|JZo dmbo àmUr)CËnÞ hþEŸ& (lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.28)

H$s‹S>o _H$mo‹S>o Ed§ new`m{_Zr Zo {Q>{È>`m| H$mo OÝ_ {X`mŸ&

(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.21-22)H«$m oYdem _ÀN>am | H$s _m ± WrŸ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 6.6.28)

ga_m go qgh VWm ~mK O¡go Iy§Ima newCËnÞ hþE (lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.24-26)Am¡a gwa{^ Ho$ J © go ¢g, Jm` Ed§ AÝ` XmoIwam| dmbo new CËnÞ hþEŸ& (lr_X² mJdV_²6.6.27) H$mð>m go Kmo‹S>o Am{X O¡go EH$Iwa dmbo new CËnÞ hþEŸ&(lr_X² mJdV_² 6.6.29-31)Kmo‹S>o, Iƒa, D±$Q> VWm hmWr Ho$ZmIyZ h¢ VWm O§Jbr OmZdaAm¡a gmao Mm¡nm o ^JdmZ² Ho$H${Q>-àXoe _| pñWV h¢Ÿ&(lr_X² mJdV_² 2.1.35)

^m¡{VH$ OJV² H$m àb`H$ën Ho$ AÝV _| O~ ^JdmZ² Zmam`U

{dZme Ho$ Ob _| boQ> JE Am¡a ~«÷mOr Zog_ñV g¥{ï>H$mar VËdm| g{hV CZHo$ ^rVaàdoe H$aZm àmaå^ {H$`mŸ& (lr_X² mJdV_²1.6.29) _hm{dîUw Ho$ eara _| Ordm| H$màdoe ~«÷mOr Ho$ EH$ gm¡ df© ~mX ñdV… hmoZo

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM26

2727272727 {Xgå~a 2009

bJVm h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw BgH$m AW© `h Zht h¡ {H$Ord AnZr gÎmm (nhMmZ) Imo XoVm h¡Ÿ& nhMmZVmo ~Zr ahVr hr h¡ Am¡a Á`m|hr ^JdmZ² H$sna_ BÀN>m go Xygar g¥{ï> hmoVr h¡, gmao gwá{ZpîH«$` Ord nwZ… AnZo nyd© H$_m] Ho$ AZwgmaZ`m eara àmáH$a AnZm-AnZm H$m © H$aZmàmaå^ H$a X oV o h ¢ Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_²1.10.21, VmËn`©)

_mZdm| H$s JUZm Ho$ AZwgma ~«÷m Ho$EH$ {XZ _| EH$ hOma Mma `wJ hmoVo h¢ (Mma`wJ H$s Ad{Y 43,00,000 df© h¡) Am¡aCZH$s amV ^r CVZr hr ~‹S>r hmoVr h¡Ÿ& ~«÷mBg àH$ma gm¡ df© Or{dV ahVo h¢ Am¡aVËníMmV ² CZH$s _ ¥Ë` w hm oVr h ¡ Ÿ&(lr_X²^mJdV_² 2.6.11, VmËn`©) Mma wJgË`, ÌoVm, Ûmna VWm H${b`wJ H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&BZ g~m| Ho$ Hw$b dfm] H$m `moJ XodVmAm| Ho$~mah hOma dfm] Ho$ ~am~a h¡Ÿ& gË` `wJ H$s

Ad{Y XodVmAm| Ho$ 4800 df© Ho$ Vwë` h¡(17,28,000 n¥Ïdr df©), ÌoVm`wJ H$sAd{Y 3600 X¡dr dfm] (12,96,000n¥Ïdr df©) Ho$ Vwë`, Ûmna `wJ H$s 2400df© (864000 n¥Ïdr df©) VWm H${b`wJH$s Ad{Y 1200 X¡dr dfm] Ho$ Vwë` h¡,(432000 n¥Ïdr df©, {OZ_| 5000 df©~rV MwHo$ h¢)....

gË``wJ _| _mZd Om{V Zo C{MV VWmnyU©ê$n go Y_© Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m nmbZ {H$`m,{H$ÝVw AÝ` `wJm| _| Á`m| Á`m| AY_© ~‹‹T>VmJ`m Ë`m| Ë`m| Y_© H«$_e… EH$ EH$ A§e KQ>VmJ`m....~«÷m H$s am{Ì Ho$ AÝV hmoZo na ~«÷mHo$ {XZ Ho$ g_` VrZm| bmoH$m| H$m nwZ… g¥OZàmaå^ hmoVm h¡....~«÷m Ho$ {XZ Ho$ AÝV hmoZona V_moJwU Ho$ ZJÊ` A§e Ho$ AÝVJ©V~«÷mÊS> H$s e{º$embr A{^ì`{º$ amV Ho$

A±Yoao _| brZ hmo OmVrh¡Ÿ& {ZË`H$mb Ho$ à^mdgo Ag§»` Ord Cgàb` _| brZ ahVo h¢Am¡a àË`oH$ dñVw _m¡ZahVr h¡Ÿ&

O~ ~«÷m H$s amVàmaå^ hmoVr h¡ Vmo VrZm|bmoH$ Ñ{ï>JmoMa Zht hmooVoAm¡a gy`© Ed§ MÝÐ_m{ZñVoO hm o OmVoh¢....g§H$f©U Ho$ _wI goA{¾ {ZH$bVr h¡...àb` Ho$ àmaå^ _| gmaog_wÐ C_‹S> AmVo h¢ Am¡a^rfU hdmE± CJ« ê$n goMbVr h¢ Ÿ& Bg Vahg_wÐ H$s bha| ^`mdh~Z OmVr h¢ŸAm¡a VrZm|bm oH$ X oIVo-XoIVoOb_¾ hmo OmVo h¢....

(_mZd B{Vhmg Ho$Bg {~ÝXw na) ~«÷m Ho$ OrdZ àW_mY© (nhbmAmYm ^mJ) g_má hmo MwH$m h¡ Am¡a {ÛVr`mY©A~ Mb ahm h¡Ÿ& O¡gm {H D$na ~Vm`m J`mh¡, ~«÷m Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ Xmo ^mJm| H$s Ad{Y^JdmZ² Ho$ {bE EH$ {Z_of (EH$ goH|$S> go ^rH$_) Ho$ ~am~a n[aJ{UV H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& JdmZ²An[adV©Zr` VWm Agr_ h¢ Am¡a ~«÷mÊS> Ho$g_ñV H$maUm| Ho$ H$maU h¢Ÿ& (lr_X² mJdV_²3.11.18, 19, 21, 23, 28-31, 34,38) gmao ~«÷mÊS> ~rO-ê$n _| _hm{dîUw Ho$ídmg go CX² yV hmo aho h¢, Omo ^JdmZ² Ho$ A§eh¢Ÿ& O~ _hm{dîUw AnZm bå~m ídmg ^rVaItMVo h¢ Vmo ~«÷m Ûmam A{Y{ð>V gmao ~«÷mÊS>{dZï> hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ& Bg àH$ma ^JdmZ² H$s na_BÀN>m Ûmam ^m¡{VH$ OJV² CËnÞ VWm {dZï>hmoVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& (lr_X²^mJdV_² 2.1.25,VmËn`©)

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM27

{Xgå~a 20092828282828

~ h_ hmB ©-\$mB © Bb¡ŠQ ´ > m{ZH$CnH$aUm|, O¡go, Q>r.dr., _mo~mB©b,

H$åß yQ>a BË`m{X XoIVo h¢ Vmo h_ H$ënZm ^rZht H$a nmVo {H$ CZHo$ {Z_m©U _| {H$VZrVH$ZrH$ Am¡a H$bm H$m à`moJ hþAm hmoJmŸ& og^r _mZdr` ~w{Õ H$s CËH¥$ï>Vm Xem©Vo h¢Ÿ&h_ BZ CnH$aUm| H$m à`moJ Vmo H$aVo h¢ {H$ÝVwem`X H$^r hr CZH$s O{Q>b VH$ZrH$ naÜ`mZ XoVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$m Cn`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r

CËH¥$ï> ~w{Õ Mm{hE, {\$a CZH$m A{dîH$maH$aZo H$s Vmo ~mV hr AbJ h¡Ÿ&

Bgr àH$ma Š`m h_Zo H$^r gmoMm h¡ {H$ h_maoeara Ho$ {Z_m©U _| AË`ÝV O{Q>b VH$ZrH$ H$mà`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡? Š`m h_mam eara _mZdÛmam {Z{_©V {H$gr ^r _erZ go H$_ O{Q>b h¡?

Zht, h H$ht A{YH$ O{Q>b h¡, Eogm _mZZmh¡ 21dt gXr Ho$ O¡d d¡km{ZH$m| H$mŸ& S>m{d©Z

Am¡a CZHo$ AZw m{``m| Ho$ _VmZwgma Bdmoë yeZAË`ÝV ghOVm go hþAm; _mZmo EH$ ßbmpñQ>H$Ho$ ~ÝXa na X~md S>mbVo ahZo go dh AÝVV…_Zwî` ~Z J`mŸ& AmO {dÚmb`m| _| bmoJm| H$moBgr na {dídmg H$aZm {gIm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& S>m{d©ZHo$ AZwgma AË`ÝV O{Q>b emar[aH$ g§aMZm |ñdV… hr ApñVÎd _| Am JB© Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mgHo$ nrN>o H$moB© ^r ~w{Õ_mZ òmoV Zht WmŸ&

{H$ÝVw AmO AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ImoO h_|

Eogo AZoH$mZoH$ à_mU XoVo h¢ Omo S>m{d©Z Ho$ghO-Bdmoë yeZ _V H$m grYm-grYm IÊS>ZH$aVo h¢Ÿ& OrdZ-CËn{Îm H$m AmYw{ZH$Ñ{ï>H$moU S>m{d©Z Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go nyar Vah{dnarV h¡Ÿ& AmO nm`m J`m h¡ {H$ àË oH$ earaAË`ÝV O{Q>b AUwAm| go ~Zm h¡Ÿ& dh VH$ZrH${Oggo EH$ H$mo{eH$m (g¡b) AnZr d¥{ÕH$anyam _mZd eara ~ZmVm h¡ AË`ÝV O{Q>b h¡,

Am±I| - EH$ d¡km{ZH$ AX² wVVm

Am¡a Cggo A{YH$ eara _| {Z{_©V AZoH$A§Jm| H$s H$m ©e¡br Am¡a ~ZmdQ>Ÿ& AmB o g§jon_| XoI| Am±I H$s H$m ©e¡br Am¡a ~ZmdQ> H$moŸ&

{H$gr ^r Ñí` H$m {MÌ boZo Ho$ {bE EH$~hþV hr AÀN>o H¡$_ao H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Am¡a `{X Mb{MÌ boZm h¡ Vmo dr{S>`mo H¡$_aoH$sŸ& `hr H$m © gVV ê$n go h_mar Am±Im| Ed§AÝ` Ord O¡go njr, {~„r, Jm` BË`m{X Ûmam{H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ&

EH$ gmYmaU H¡$_ao H$s H$m`©e¡br Ed§~ZmdQ> H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {bE J{UV, ^m¡{VH$emñÌ, agm`Z emó, àH$me{dkmZ BË`m{XH$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `h g~ OmZH$marHo$ níMmV² ^r Amn ñd § go H¡$_ao H$m {Z_m©UZht H$a nm |JoŸ&

Ñ{ï> ñd § _| Eogr AZmoIr MrO h¡ {Ogod¡km{ZH$ A^r ^r nyU©V`m g_P Zht nmE h¢Ÿ&EH$ dmŠ` n‹T>Vo g_` hr h_mar Am±I| gm¡ goA{YH$ ~ma S>mobVr h¢Ÿ&

h_mar Am±I H$s JmobmB© 2.5 go_r. hmoVrh¡Ÿ& Am±I H$s D$nar naV - H$mo{Z© m - {OggoÑ{ï> H$m AdbmoH$Z hmoVm h¡, nm±M naVm| H$m hmoVmh¡Ÿ& `h g»V Ed§ H$m±M Ho$ g_mZ nmaXe©H$ h¡Am¡a grYo dmVmdaU go Am°ŠgrOZ bo gH$Vm h¡Š`m|{H$ Bgo CgH$s g»V Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

gm_mÝ`V… bmoJ Xya Am¡a nmg H$s dñVwAm|H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bE ~mB©\$moH$b ½bmgog - OmoXmo b¡Ýgm| Ho$ ~Zo hmoVo h¢ - H$m à`moJ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&{H$ÝVw `hr H$m © h_mar Am±Im| _| pñWV EH$ hrb¡Ýg Ûmam H$a {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg b¡Ýg _|ñd`H$ eara _| {Z{_©V AZoH$ A§Jm| H$sH$m ©e¡br § go hr g_bV, JmobmH$ma Ed§ _moQ>m

Š`m S>m{d©Z Ho$ Bdmoë yeZ {gÕmÝV _mZd eara H$s O{Q>bVmAm| H$mo ^m±n nmE h¢?

\$moQ>moZ

àH$me H$s {H$aU|53 Aa~ 80 H$amo‹S> _pñVîH$ H$s H$mo{eH$mE± "Amo{gnoQ>bbmoãg' _| VwaÝV narjU H$a BboŠQ´>m°Z N>{d {XImVr h¢Ÿ&

V~ h_ Jwbm~ H$mo XoI gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

Ý yamoZ Ho$ Ho$~b BbopŠQ´>H$ Va§Jm|H$mo _pñVîH$ _| ^oOVo h¢Ÿ&

_pñVîH$ BboŠQ´>m°Z Ho$ ~hmd go Ý`yamZàmá H$aVm h¡ VËníMmV² Cgo Ñ{ï>JV H$aN>{d _| n[a{dV©V H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

_pñVîH$ EH$ g¡Ho$ÊS> _| 10 H$amo‹S>narjU Am¡a {díbofU H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM28

2929292929 {Xgå~a 2009

d¡îUd {XZX{e©H$m1 {Xgå~a 2009 go 10 OZdar 2010 VH$

{Xgå~a 2009

~wYdma 2, H$mË`m`mZr d«V g_máŸ&e{Zdma 5, lrc ^{º${gÕmÝV gañdVr R>mHw$a {Vamo md (Xmonha VH$ Cndmg)Ÿ&e{Zdma 12, lrc XodmZÝX npÊS>V {Vamo md, g\$cm EH$mXerŸ&a{ddma 13, nmam`U H$m g_` 7…04-10…31Ÿ&gmo_dma 14, lrc _hoe npÊS>V {Vamo md, lrc CÕaU XÎm {Vamo mdŸ&~wYdma 16, YZwf g§H«$mpÝVŸ&Jwédma 17, lrc cmoMZ Xmg R>mHw$a Am{d^m©d&e{Zdma 19, lrc Ord Jmoñdm_r {Vamo md, lrc OJXre npÊS>V {Vamo mdŸ&gmo_dma 28, nwÌXm EH$mXerŸ&_“cdma 29, nmam`U H$m g_` 7…13-9…22, lrc OJXre npÊS>V Am{d^m©dŸ&Jwédma 31, lrH¥$îU nwî` A{^foH$Ÿ&OZdar 2010

_“cdma 5, lrc am_M§Ð H${damO {Vamo md, lrc Jmonmc ^Å> Jmoñdm_r Am{d^m©dŸ&ewH«$dma 6, lrc O`Xod Jmoñdm_r {Vamo md, lrc cmoMZXmg R>mHw$a {Vamo mdŸ&a{ddma 10, gV²-{Vc EH$mXerŸ&gmo_dma 11, nmam`U H$m g_` 11…03 Ho$ ~mX &

hmoZo H$m JwU hmoVm h¡Ÿ& OÝ_ go _¥Ë w VH$ Am±IHo$ b¡Ýg H$m AmH$ma g_mZ hr ahVm h¡Ÿ& Omoñd § _| EH$ AmíM © h¡Ÿ&

XoIVo g_` ao{Q>Zm EH$ g¡Ho$ÊS> _| Xg Aa~JUZmE± H$aVm h¡Ÿ& {Og Vah {S>{OQ>b H¡$_ao_| _oJm {nŠgob H$s g§»`m _| N>{d CVmar OmVrh¡ŸCgr Vah h_mar Am±Im| _| `h H$m © ao{Q>Zm _|CnpñWV \$moQ>mo [agoßQ>a H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BZH$s g§»`m13 H$amoo‹S> 10 bmI hmoVr h¡ Omo 2.5 go_r.H$s N>moQ>r gr Am±I _| h¢Ÿ& o \$moQ>mo [agoßQ>a N>{dH$s Va§Jm| H$mo Am°pßQ>H$ Zd© Ûmam _pñVîH$ _|

oOVo h¢ŸOhm± go h_| BgH$s dmñV{dH$ N>{dH$s AZw y{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Am±I| 80 bmI a§Jm| _|

oX H$mo nhMmZ gH$Vr h¢Ÿ&Am±Im| go ~hZo dmbo Am±gy h_mar mdZmAm|

Ho$ gyMH$ hr Zht A{nVw Am±I Ho$ {bE ñZohH$(ë`ypãaH¢$Q>) H$m ^r H$m`© H$aVo h¢Ÿ& AZoH$àH$ma Ho$ amoJmUw h_mar Am±I na {ZaÝVa AmKmVH$aVo ahVo h¢ {OZHo$ H$maU h_mar ZOa Yw§Ybrhmo gH$Vr h¡, Am±gy EH$ AË`{YH$ e{º$embramoJmUw-ZmeH$ H$m H$m © H$aVo h¢ {H$ÝVw gmW-gmW Am±I H$s EH$ ^r H$mo{eH$m H$mo hm{ZZht nhþ±MmVoŸ&

`{X h_ Am±I H$s g§aMZm H$mo JhamB© goXoI| Vmo nm |Jo {H$ BgH$s {Z{_©Vr Bdmoë yeZ ÛmamAgå^d h¡Ÿ& S>m{d©Z Zo ñd § r Am±Im| Ho$ CX²J_Ho$ {df` _| g§e` ì`º$ {H$`mŸ& CÝhm|Zo AnZrà{gÕ nwñVH$ (Mmëg© S>m{d©Z, Amo[a{OZ Am°\$ñnr{eO) _| {bIm - ""`{X `h à{Vnm{XV hmogHo$ {H$ h_mao {H$gr ^r EH$ O{Q>b A§J H$s{Z{_©Vr AZoH$, {ZaÝVa, qH${MV n[adV©Zm| Ho$níMmV² r Zht hmo gH$s Vmo _oam {gÕmÝV nyU©V`m{d\$b hmo OmEJmŸ&''

Am^maBg n{ÌH$m _| àH$m{eV Hw$N> boIm| H$sOmZH$mar JmodY©Z Jmonmb Xmg H$s nwñVH$"gmBªg EÊS> pñn[aMwE{b{Q> BZ X ñnogEoO dëS>©' go br JB© h¡Ÿ&

- gånmXH$

Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM29

{Xgå~a 20093030303030

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM30

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM31

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Darwin 1.p65 11/13/2009, 2:33 PM32