1.2 simon upton, opening of global forum tokyo

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

THROUGH EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

Simon UptonDirector of Environment, OECDwww.oecd.org

Global Forum on Environment

Tokyo, 17 June 2014

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Population (billions)WORLD

GDP per capita ('000 USD)

2010

RoWOECD

OECD

RoWBRIICS

WORLD


2010

BRIICS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



2010

RoWOECD

OECD

RoWBRIICS

WORLD


2020

BRIICS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



2010

RoWOECD

OECD

RoWBRIICS

WORLD


2030

BRIICS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



2010

RoWOECD

OECD

RoWBRIICS

WORLD


2040

BRIICS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



2010

RoWOECD

OECD

RoWBRIICS

WORLD


2050

BRIICS

GDP +124%

GDP +478%

GDP +458%

GDP +295%

Source: OECD (2012), OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050, Baseline projection using ENV-Linkages model

3 billion more middle-class consumers will fuel future demand

3

Global middle class1

Billions of people

ROW

2030

3.23Latin America

4.88

3 billion

Asia-Pacific

North America

Europe

2020

3.25

1.74

2009

1.85

0.53

1 Based on daily consumption per capita ranging from $10 to $100 (in purchasing power parity terms) Source: OECD (2011), Perspectives on Global Development: Social Cohesion in a Shifting World

0.03

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 0000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

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0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

GDP (billions 2010 USD PPP)WORLD

Emissions intensity (kg CO2e / 2010 USD PPP)

RoW OECD

OECD

RoW

BRIICS

WORLD

BRIICS

2010

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 0000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0



RoW OECD

OECD

RoW

BRIICS

WORLD

BRIICS

2020

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 0000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0



RoW OECD

OECD

RoW

BRIICS

WORLD

BRIICS

2030

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 0000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0



RoW OECD

OECD

RoW

BRIICS

WORLD

BRIICS

2040

GHG emissions intensity and GDP

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 0000.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0



RoW OECD

OECD

RoW

BRIICS

WORLD

BRIICS

2050

BRIICS GHG emissions 39 GtCO2e

OECD GHG emissions 19 GtCO2e

World GHG emissions 81 GtCO2e

RoW GHG emissions 22 GtCO2e

RoW GHG emissions 13 GtCO2e

BRIICS GHG emissions 19 GtCO2e

OECD GHG emissions 16 GtCO2e

World GHG emissions 48 GtCO2e

Source: OECD (2012), OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050, Baseline projection using ENV-Linkages model

A Story of Industrial Entropy

Photo credit: NASA Goddard Center; OECD.

Debit

72 Gt

RESOURCE STOCKS

A Story of Industrial Entropy… Running Against the Earth’s Balance Sheet?

SATURATIO

N

Atmosphere

Aquasphere

Litosphere

RESERVOIRS

49 Gt of GHG

228 Mt of P

~12 Gt of solid waste

Extracted & used35 Gt (1980)...72 Gt (today)..> 100 Gt (2030)..

Increasing costs

¥¥¥¥¥¥

¥¥

Planetary accounting level

Global Extraction Used (GEU) =

Global Material Consumption (GMC)

Unused Global Extraction (UGE)

Reusable

• Mining overburden

• Harvest residues• Fishery by-catch• Soil erosion from

agriculture

Global ExtractionWaste

62 Gt of material resources extracted in 2008

8.2 Gt12.7 Gt 20.3 Gt

Fossil En-ergy Car-

riers

Metals Biomass Minerals0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

30%

50%

90% 90%

70%

50%

10% 10%

Unused Extraction

Used Extrac-tion

20.8 Gt

Source: OECD Material Flow Analysis Data, SERI

8

Japan is at the forefront of these developments

40

60

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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

GDP

Municipal waste

Material consumption

//

0

OECDIndex 1990=100

40

60

80

100

120

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160

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Index 1990=100

Material consumption

GDP

Japan

Municipalwaste

//0

BORKEY Peter

this will be replaced with a more up to date graph that includes DMC and MSW generated and shows decoupling from GDP on both indicators

• EPR is a key policy approach that helps countries get more resource efficient

• Used in most OECD countries and beyond• OECD developed EPR guidance in 2001• 15 years later we are looking at EPR

again – it’s time for an update• We developed a quick survey• We are the beginning of this exercise• This is what we know:

9

Extended Producer Responsibility

10

Regional distribution

48%

42%

4%2%

4%

North AmericaEuropeAsiaOceaniaLACAfrica

• Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment

• Packaging• Tyres• End of Life Vehicles/Auto batteries• Others

11

Product groups

12

Regional distribution – Product groups

North America

Europe Asia Oceania LAC Africa0

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80

WEEEPackagingELVsTyresOther

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North America


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North America


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North America


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• Take-back requirements• Economic instruments

– Deposit/refund– Adance disposal fees– Material taxes– Upstream combination tax/subsidy

• Recycled content standards

16

Regional distribution - Policy instruments

17

Regional Distribution – Policy instruments

North America


20

40

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160

Take-backADFD/ROther

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North America


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North America


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• Share experience with the design and use of EPR

• Identify key areas where guidance would be useful and consensus about measures exists

• Involve key emerging market economies in the process and ensure global relevance

20

Objectives of Global Forum

Thank you!

www.oecd.org