112006/9/262006/9/26

Emerging Grid StandardsEmerging Grid Standards

Mark Baker, Amy Apon, Clayton Ferner, Jeff Brown.Mark Baker, Amy Apon, Clayton Ferner, Jeff Brown.IEEE Computer Society ,IEEE Computer Society ,Vol.Vol. 3838, , IssueIssue 4 , pp4 , pp. . 43 - 50 ,43 - 50 ,

Year of Publication: April 2005Year of Publication: April 2005Presented by Presented by 張肇烜張肇烜

OutlineOutline

• IntroductionIntroduction• Grid-related standards bodiesGrid-related standards bodies• Open Grid Services ArchitectureOpen Grid Services Architecture• Open Grid Services InfrastructureOpen Grid Services Infrastructure• Web Services Resource FrameworkWeb Services Resource Framework• Stateful resourcesStateful resources• Event notificationEvent notification

Outline Outline (cont.)(cont.)

• Grid Security InfrastructureGrid Security Infrastructure

• Community Authorization ServiceCommunity Authorization Service

• ConclusionsConclusions

IntroductionIntroduction

• Importance of Grid.Importance of Grid.• Hinder the factor of Gird development.Hinder the factor of Gird development.

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodies bodies

• Global Grid ForumGlobal Grid Forum

• OASISOASIS

• World Wide Web ConsortiumWorld Wide Web Consortium

• Distributed Management Task ForceDistributed Management Task Force

• Web Services Interoperability Web Services Interoperability OrganizationOrganization

• Internet2Internet2

• Liberty AllianceLiberty Alliance

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodiesbodies (cont.) (cont.)

• Global Grid Forum (seven areas):Global Grid Forum (seven areas):– Application program and programming model Application program and programming model

environment.environment.– Architecture.Architecture.– Data.Data.– Security.Security.– Information system and performance.Information system and performance.– Peer to peer.Peer to peer.– Resource management.Resource management.

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodies bodies (cont.)(cont.)

• Global Grid Forum (four types):Global Grid Forum (four types):– Informational.Informational.

– Experimental.Experimental.

– Community practice.Community practice.

– Recommendations.Recommendations.

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodies bodies (cont.)(cont.)

• OASIS:OASIS:– A not-for-profit international A not-for-profit international

organization that promotes industry organization that promotes industry standards for e-business .standards for e-business .

• W3C:W3C:– W3C is an international organization to W3C is an international organization to

promote common and interoperable promote common and interoperable protocols.protocols.

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodies bodies (cont.)(cont.)

• DMTF :DMTF :– The DMTF is an industry to develop The DMTF is an industry to develop

management standards and integration management standards and integration technologies for enterprise and Internet technologies for enterprise and Internet environments.environments.

• WS-I:WS-I:– WS-I is an open industry body to WS-I is an open industry body to

promote the adoption of Web services promote the adoption of Web services and interoperability among different and interoperability among different Web services implementations.Web services implementations.

Grid-related standards Grid-related standards bodies bodies (cont.)(cont.)

• Internet2:Internet2:– Internet2 is a consortium of groups from Internet2 is a consortium of groups from

academia , industry , and government to academia , industry , and government to develop and deploy advanced network develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies.applications and technologies.

• Liberty Alliance:Liberty Alliance:– The Liberty Alliance is an international The Liberty Alliance is an international

alliance of companies , nonprofit alliance of companies , nonprofit groups , and government organization.groups , and government organization.

Open Grid Services Open Grid Services ArchitectureArchitecture

• The most important Grid standard to The most important Grid standard to emerge recently is Open Grid emerge recently is Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA).Services Architecture (OGSA).

• OGSA represents an evolution OGSA represents an evolution towards a Grid system architecture towards a Grid system architecture based on Web services concepts and based on Web services concepts and technologies.technologies.

Open Grid Services InfrastructureOpen Grid Services Infrastructure

• Enhanced Web services that Enhanced Web services that provided a standard set of provided a standard set of mechanisms to manage state.mechanisms to manage state.

Open Grid Services Infrastructure Open Grid Services Infrastructure (cont.)(cont.)

• Critics identified several problems with Critics identified several problems with OGSI:OGSI:– It was too large for one specification.It was too large for one specification.– OGSI was not a pure subset of Web services. OGSI was not a pure subset of Web services.

Web Services Resource Web Services Resource FrameworkFramework

• Widespread dissatisfaction with OGSI Widespread dissatisfaction with OGSI led to a collaborative effort among led to a collaborative effort among architects from the Grid and Web architects from the Grid and Web services communities to define an services communities to define an alternative infrastructure based on alternative infrastructure based on unadulterated Web services unadulterated Web services specifications.specifications.

Web Services Resource Web Services Resource Framework Framework (cont.)(cont.)

• Two new OASIS technical committees:Two new OASIS technical committees:– WS-Resource Framework (WSRF) TC.WS-Resource Framework (WSRF) TC.– WS-Notification (WSN) TC.WS-Notification (WSN) TC.

Web Services Resource Web Services Resource Framework Framework (cont.)(cont.)

• The WSRF TC was formed to standardize The WSRF TC was formed to standardize four specifications:four specifications:– WS-ResourceLifetime.WS-ResourceLifetime.– WS-ResourceProperties.WS-ResourceProperties.– WS-ServiceGroup.WS-ServiceGroup.– WS-BaseFaults.WS-BaseFaults.

Web Services Resource Web Services Resource Framework Framework (cont.)(cont.)

• The WSN TC :The WSN TC :– WS-BaseNotification.WS-BaseNotification.– Ws-BrokeredNotification.Ws-BrokeredNotification.– WS-Topics.WS-Topics.

Stateful resourcesStateful resources

• The OASIS WSRF TC aims to define a genThe OASIS WSRF TC aims to define a generic and open framework.eric and open framework.

• WSRF defines the means by which:WSRF defines the means by which:– A Web service can be associated with more statefuA Web service can be associated with more statefu

l resources.l resources.– A service requestor can access stateful resources inA service requestor can access stateful resources in

directly through Web services.directly through Web services.– The stateful resources can be destroyed, immediateThe stateful resources can be destroyed, immediate

ly or via time-based destruction.ly or via time-based destruction.

Stateful resources Stateful resources (cont.)(cont.)

– A stateful resource’s type definition can be associaA stateful resource’s type definition can be associated with a Web service’s interface description.ted with a Web service’s interface description.

– A stateful resource’s actual state can be queried anA stateful resource’s actual state can be queried and modified via message exchanges.d modified via message exchanges.

– Web service that encapsulate stateful resources can Web service that encapsulate stateful resources can be renewed when they become invalid.be renewed when they become invalid.

– The stateful resources can be aggregated for domaiThe stateful resources can be aggregated for domain-specific purposes.n-specific purposes.

Event notificationEvent notification

• There is a move to merge these There is a move to merge these competing specifications.competing specifications.

• Two specifications describe event Two specifications describe event notification with respect to resource:notification with respect to resource:– WS-Eventing.WS-Eventing.– WS-Notification.WS-Notification.

Event notification Event notification (cont.)(cont.)

• WS-EventingWS-Eventing– This specification allows Web services to be This specification allows Web services to be

notified of events that occur with other servinotified of events that occur with other services.ces.

Event notification Event notification (cont.)(cont.)

• WS-NotificationWS-Notification– This family of specifications describes the mThis family of specifications describes the m

echanism by which Web services can receivechanism by which Web services can receive notification of an event related to resource notification of an event related to resource.e.

Other Standards and trendsOther Standards and trends

• WS-I Basic Profile.WS-I Basic Profile.• Web Services Grid Application FramewroWeb Services Grid Application Framewro

kk• WS-I+WS-I+

Grid Security InfrastructureGrid Security Infrastructure

• It implemented by the Globus toolkit.It implemented by the Globus toolkit.• In GSI , the owner typically grants use of In GSI , the owner typically grants use of

a resource to individual.a resource to individual.

Community Authorization Community Authorization ServiceService

• It provides an individual community It provides an individual community identifier that authorizes a user for a identifier that authorizes a user for a resource.resource.

• It can be used to verify identity and It can be used to verify identity and trustworthiness.trustworthiness.

ConclusionsConclusions

• OGSA and WSRF represent significant OGSA and WSRF represent significant cooperation among researchers in cooperation among researchers in academia, government ,and industry.academia, government ,and industry.