1231楊裕雄 biochip

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    Biochip

    Biosensor or bioprocessor that utilizestechnologies of modern Biology and

    Electronics in a micro scale.

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    Types of BiochipDNA chip

    Protein chip

    Enzyme chip

    Lab-on-a-chip

    Biomolecular machineBiocomputer

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    Physical methods

    are the keys for many biologicalproblems

    DNA sequencing

    Protein structure

    Spectrophotometry

    Mass Spect

    Electron microscope

    Confocal

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    Bio-physical methodsDNA sequencing

    Protein structure

    Spectrophotometry

    Mass Spect

    Electron microscopeConfocal

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    Structure Determination

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    Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, NCTULaboratory of Enzyme and Protein Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, NCTU

    An ideal biochipSize-portable

    Save energy-long term usageLow cost-mass production

    High sensitivity-integration

    Low sample requirementMicroarray-high thru put

    Decreased invasiveness

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    ASI Atomic Scale Integration

    LSI Large Scale Integration

    GSI Giga Scale Integration

    MSI Medium Scale IntegrationTime evolution in computer technology from zero to atomic scale integration (Ciabrera et al., 1991; Nicolini, 1993).

    ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration

    SSI Small Scale Integration

    VLSI Very Large Scale Integration

    ZSI Zero Scale Integration

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    Features and factors of size reduction in microchip-based

    analysis TIBTECHDECEMBER 1999 (VOL 17)

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    Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, NCTULaboratory of Enzyme and Protein Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, NCTU

    The size matter

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    Biomolecular MachineMicrotubules and TheirMotors

    SkeletalMuscle Myosin and muscle

    contraction

    A Proton Gradient Drives the

    rotation of Bacterial Flagella

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    DNA as Molecular Machine

    Construction and operation of themolecular tweezers.A DNA-fuelled molecular machinemade of DNA

    Bernard Yurke*, Andrew J. Turbereld*, Allen P. Mills Jr*, Friedrich C. Simmel*

    & Jennifer L. Neumann*

    NATURE | VOL 406 | 10 AUGUST 2000

    Name Sequence Domain 1 Domain 2A 5 TGCCTTGTAAGAGCGACCAT CAACCTGGAATGCTTCGGAT 3

    B 5 GGTCGCTCTTACAAGGCA CTGGTAACAATCACGGTCTATGCG 3

    C 5 GGAGTCCTACTGTCTGAACTAACG ATCCGAAGCATTCCAGGT 3

    F 5 CGCATAGACCGTGATTGTTACCAG CGTTAGTTCAGACAGTAGGACTCC TGCTACGA 3

    F5 GGTCGCTCTTACAAGGCA CAGCTAGTTTCACAGTGGCAAGTC 3

    K5 GCAGGCTTCTACATATCTGACGAG ATCCGAAGCATTCCAGGT 3

    F&K5 CGCATAGACCGTGATTGTTACCAG CTCGTCAGATATGTAGAAGCCTGC ACGTCGAT 3

    F'F5 GACTTGCCACTGTGAAACTAGCTG CGTTAGTTCAGACAGTAGGACTCC TGTCCAGA 3

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    BiocomputerMemory-The design of a biochip: a self-assemblingmolecular-scale memory, Protein Engineering, 1, 295 (1987)

    Switching devise-Biochemical switching devise:biomimetic approach and application to neural network study, J.of Biotech, 109, 109 (1992)

    Logic gate-A biochemical logic gate using an enzymeand its inhibitor, Biotech Progress (1999)

    Wire-Femtosecond direct observation of charge transferbetween bases in DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 19, 14052 (2000)

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    Applications of DNA chip and microarray technologyPharmacogenomics (2000) 1(3):289-307

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    Companies involved in developing microarray DNA-chip technology for pharmacogenomics

    (from A to V)Pharmacogenomics (2000) 1(3):289-307

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    Components of a

    DNAmicrochip.Pharmacogenomics (2000) 1(3):289-307

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    Types of transducerElectrical-current/voltage (FET, MOS),

    charge, dielectricity

    Optical-absorption, emission, phase change,polarisation/absorption (SPR), opto-ethermal

    ThermalMagnetic-NMR, mass spect

    Mechanical, frequency-surface acousticwave, quartz balance

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    Electrochemical

    Sensors

    Principle:Anode: semi-oxidation reaction

    Cathode: semi-reduction reaction

    Example: Biofuel cell

    Anode: glucosegluconolactone + 2H

    ++ 2e

    -GOD

    Cathode: O2 + 4H+

    + 4e-

    2H2O

    Laccase

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    Biofuel Cell(J.A.C.S. 2001, 123, 8630)

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    Surface Plasma Resonance

    (SPR)

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    Nanowire FET(Sience 293, 17, August, 2001)

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    Semiconductor Devices as

    Sensors of Biological Reactions

    Enzymatic

    Reaction

    Mass

    Electron

    Heat

    Charge

    Light

    Modified

    Electrode

    Thermometer

    EnzymeFET

    Photodiodes SAW