• • • • • • • • • •

©

×

⇔

×

=

⇔

⇔

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= =

= < + =

=

= < + =

= =

=

⇔ = =

⇒

+ − = −

π

π

− +

+ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦

⎤

⎢ ⎢ ⎣

⎡ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ ×

× ×

− × =

−

−

=

=

( )

=

=

( ) = =

=

=

× =

= ×

=

≅ = =

= ×

=

= ×

=

≅ = =

( )+

− +

× × × − × =

−

= × + ×

−

=

− −

≤

Δ

≤ =

≤

≤

=

=

=

=

=

ϕ

ϕ ϕ

ϕ

≤

≤

≤

≤

φ φ φ φ

φ

φ

=

= ⇔ =

=

=

=

Δ Δ

Δ + ⇔

⇔

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× −

= ×

=

= × =

−

−

×

×

×

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⇔

×

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× ≅

×

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×

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× −

×

×

×

≤

= ⇔ =

=

=

=

( ) ( )

+ ⇔

+ =

⇔ ( ) + =

⇔ ( ) + =

⇔ ( ) + =

≤ = φ

φ = ⇔

⇔ =

⇔ =

⇔ =

+

+

+

= ⇔

+

= ⇔

+

= ⇔

×

=

= ×

= ⇔ =

+ = + ≤

− = −

+ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ +

−

−

+

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≤

⇔

× ≤

≤

= ⇔

+ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ +

× ×

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⎛ × ×

+ × ×

+

×

× +

×

+

=

×

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×

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= − = −

=

− =

−

×

×

+ × +

+

+

× +

× ×

+ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × ×

+ × ×

×

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×

×

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×

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−

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−

×

×

× + ≅

× +

β

β

×

×

×

× ×

×

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×

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⎛ ×

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×

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×

+

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×

⇒

− = −

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× −

×

×

× +

×

× β

×

× ×

×

×

×

λ

+ = +

×

×

=

× ×

+ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ ×

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×

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×

×

×

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−

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β

× ×

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×

+

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=

±

+

×

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×

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⎟ ⎟ ⎠

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×

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⎛ × − −

×

×

+

×

×

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× +

+

+

+

×

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⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + × ⎟

⎠ ⎞

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= ⇔

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=

× ×φ

φ

× ≤

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + × ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛

×

× ×

⇔ =

( ) = × −

=

×

⇔ =

= ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + × ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛

( ) ( ) × × − ×

×

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + × ⎟

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⎜ ⎝ ⎛

+

+

+

×

−

×

+

×

+

×

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ + × ⎟

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×

+

× × = ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛× ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ × × × = × ×

× ×

× = × ×

× ×

× = × ×

× ×

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⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛× ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛

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⎜ ⎝ ⎛ × × × = × ×

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×

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<

× × ⎟

⎠ ⎞

⎜ ⎝ ⎛ × + + ⎟ ⎟

⎠

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⎛ ×

⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜

⎝ ⎛ × × × + + ×⎟ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ ×

⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜

⎝ ⎛ × × × + + ×⎟ ⎟

⎠

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⎛ ×

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × × × + + ×

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⎟ ⎟ ⎠

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⎛ × × × + +

× ×

= ⎟ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × × × + +

× ×

=

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × × × + +

× ×

≅

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × × × + +

× ×

×

×

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × × × + +

× ×

≅

×

×

−

−

≤

+ ≤

≤

+ ≤

−

×

×

×

×

×

×

−

×

×

−

×

×

×

× ≅

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ + ⎟ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛

×

× =

×

×

×

− −

=

+

×

× × =

× ×

+

×

×

×

+

×

× ×

× ×

+

+ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ +

× ×

+ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × ×

+ × ×

+

×

× +

×

= ×

= +

− = −

× − =

−

×

≅

+

×

× ×

× ×

× +

× ×

+ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ × ×

+

×

× +

×

×

× −

×

≅

+

×

× ×

× ×

× +

+ ≤

⎟ ⎟ ⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛ + ⎟ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝

⎛

×

+

×

+

×

+

+

× + × ×

+

+

× +

× ×

×

× =

×

× =

=

− −

=

×

⇒

β ×

×

× ×

×

×

×

×

×

×

+

×

+

×

×

+

+

×

×

×

×

×

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×

×

×

×

×