1968 okfm;k fgeky; hkwfokku lalfkku 2016.pdf · leikndh;----bddhloha lnh ds bl ;qx esa tgk¡ gj...

fo"k; lwph

vf'edk 2016

funs'kd dh ys[kuh ls

lEikndh;

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laLFkku lekpkj 53

;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e jes'k pUæ 1

fgeky; dh okfn;ksa esa ?kqyrk dkcZu iznw"k.k ih-,l- usxh 2

mÙkjk[kaM dh çkd`frd vkink,¡ ¼,d oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k½ euh"k esgrk o vU; 6

Mksdjkuh ds 'kh"kZ ij lhfidk lqUnfj;ky 14

Hkw&pqEcdRo xkSre jkor 16

Ikzd`fr dk Lo:Ik ny cgknqj [k=h 20

LVhQu gkfdax ¼,d egku oSKkfud½ ,u-ds- frokjh 25

, ih ts vCnqy dyke & ,d izsj.kk jkds'k dqekj 26

fo'o fgUnh lEesyu@fo'o fgUnh fnol rFkk izoklh-------- dkUrk eksgu jkor 27

xqCckjs okyk eatq iar 30

nso Hkwfe n'kZu vej nso cgqxq.kk 33

Le`fr;ksa esa dSn yEgs % ;k=k&laLej.k fo|k flag 35

izrkfM+r dh rkM+uk vt; dqekj fc;kuh 44

okfM;k fgeky; HkwfoKku laLFkku% ,d ifjp; jkds'k dqekj 46

Hkw[k vudgh vk'kh"k jk.kk 47

Hkwisu nk dh lqj/ofu çnhi dqekj 'kekZ 48

eu djrk gS çnhi dqekj 'kekZ 49

[kq'kh twyh tk;loky 50

igkM+ 'kkfUr izdk'k ^ftKklq^ 51

,d iz'u \ xhrk clqerkjh 52

vf'edk 2016

funs'kd dh ys[kuh ls

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laLFkku dh x`g if=dk ^vf'edk* dk ;g ckbZlok¡ laLdj.k gSAvius çFke laLdj.k ls gh ;g if=dk fujUrj xq.koÙkk ds ik;nkuksa ijc<+rh jgh gSA blesa tgk¡ ,d vksj laLej.k] lkfgfR;d ,oe~ nk'kZfud ys[kksadk lekos'k jgk gS ogha ys[kdksa us ljy ,oe~ lgt fgUnh esa foKku dsfo’k;ksa ij Hkh fy[kus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA foxr o’kksZa esa bu ç;klksa esaljkguh; o`f) gqbZ gSA tc rd foKku ,oe~ çkS|ksfxdh ls lEcfU/krys[k@vkys[k o iqLrdsa fgUnh esa miyC/k ugha gksaxh gekjs Nk=ksa dk foKkutSls fo’k;ksa dk v/;;u ekr` Hkk’kk esa laHko ugha gksxk vkSj tu lkekU; dh:fp Hkh foKku esa ugha c<+sxhA lekt esa oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k fodflr djusds fy, Lrjh; oSKkfud vkys[k tu lkekU; dh Hkk’kk esa miyC/k gksuspkfg,A ^vf'edk* ds çdk'ku dk ;g Hkh ,d mn~ns'; gSA ^vf'edk* viusmn~ns';ksa esa lQy gks ,oe~ Hkfo’; esa Hkh mUufr ds iFk ij vxzlj jgs ;ghesjh 'kqHkdkeuk gSA

vfuy dqekj xqIrk

lEikndh;----

bDdhloha lnh ds bl ;qx esa tgk¡ gj {ks= esa rduhd dk opZLo gS] ogha Hkk”kk ds foLrkj ,oe~fodkl esa rduhd ds jksy dks udkjk ugha tk ldrk gSA orZeku esa ekStwn lapkj ek/;eksa ds fy,fdlh Hkk”kk esa lkexzh miyC/k djus ;k fy[kus ds fy;s rduhd dh cSlk[kh pkfg;s ghA ;fn fgUnh dhgh ckr djsa rks uCcs ds n'kd ds izkjEHk es ;g leL;k Fkh fd fgUnh dks dEI;wVj ij dSls fy[kk tk;s odSls lgstk tk,A bldk eq[; dkj.k dEI;wVj esa fy[kus ds fy, QksUV dk ekudhdj.k u gksuk FkkArduhdh fo'ks”kKksa us lek/kku fudkyk vkSj geas dbZ rjg ds QksUVl o Vkbfiax dh&cksMZ feysAftlls fdlh Lrj rd rks lqfo/kk gqbZ ijUrq ;g loZFkk vlqfo/kktud Hkh jgkA ,d QksUV ls nwljsQksUV esa cnyus ij] lkexzh dks ,d dEI;wVj ls nwljs dEI;wVj ij ys tkus ij ;k bZ&esy ds ek/;e lsHkstus ij lc dqN xM+cM+kus yxkA ftldh otg ls dEI;wVj dk vke iz;ksDrk tks fgUnh esa dke rkssdjuk pkgrk gS grksRlkfgr gh gqvkA chloha lnh ds vUr esa fo'o Hkj esa QksUVl ds ekudhdj.k dsiz;klksa ds pyrs ^;wfudksM^ dk vkfoHkkZo gqvkA ftlesa ^nsoukxjh^ fyfi dks Hkh LFkku feykA ftldspyrs fgUnh ds vfrfjDr os Hkk”kk;sa ftuesa nsoukxjh fyfi dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] vklkuh ls dEI;wVj ijmiyC/k gksus yxhaA bu Hkk”kkvksa esa dEI;wVj esa fy[kus ds fy;s vc fo'ks”k lk¶Vos;jkas dh vko';drkugha jghA fdlh Hkh fMftVy fMokbl esa vc fgUnh Lor% gh fo|eku gS vko';drk dsoy mls lfdz;djus dh gSA ekudhdj.k ds ifj.kke ls ;qfudksM lefFkZr QksUV esa fy[kh tkus okyh fgUnh vc ,dfMokbl ls nwljh fMokbl ij tkus ij ;k bZ&esy }kjk Hksth tkus ij fod`r ugha gksrh gSA Hkkjrljdkj us Hkh nsoukxjh&bUlfDzIV dh&cksMZ vfHkU;kl vkSj nsoukxjh QksUV dks vf/kdkfjd ekU;rk nhgSA ;g ljy Hkh gSs blesa lHkh v{[email protected] nkW;sa rjQ o ek=k,sa ckW,sa rjQ gaSA lIrkg Hkj ds vH;kl ls;g izHkkoh tku iM+rk gSA vc fgUnh esa fy[kuk furkUr ljy o lE;d~ gks x;k gSA vko';drk jg xbZgS rks dsoy FkksMk lk tkx:d gksdj viuh Hkk”kk ds izfr lpsr gksdj fy[kus dhA vf/kd ls vf/kdlkexzh] fo'ks”kdj oSKkfud] fgUnh esa miyC/k djkus dhA

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vf'edk 2016

vf'edk 2016

1

;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~ejes'k pUæ

290@4 ,e-Mh-lh- i¡pdqyk] gfj;k.kk

vf'edk ds i`"Bksa esa ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e ij ppkZdjuk ,d nqLlkgliw.kZ dk;Z gS A ijarq bl fo"k; ij dqNKkuo/kZd fopkj eSaus fiNys fnuksa i<+s gSa A

i`Foh rFkk ml ds bfrgkl ls lacaf/kr vius fopkj gêuus o"kZ ƒ‰ŠŠ ls ƒ‰‹‡ bZå ds e/; foKku txr ds le{kj[ks FksA yk;sy us viuh] lu~ ƒŠ…å&…… ds e/;çdkf'kr] rhu [k.Mksa okyh iqLrd ^fçafliYl v‚Qftvkyksth* esa bu fopkjksa dks ,d F;ksjh ds #i esa çLrqrfd;k Fkk ¼,Q Mh ,MEl] ^nh cFkZ ,aM MosyiesaV v‚Qft;ksykftdy lkbalst*] Mksoj ifCyds'kUl] U;w ;‚dZ]ƒ‹…Š] ns[ksa i`"V „ˆˆ½A bl fopkj laxzg ds fy;s;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e 'kCn dk lq>ko OghosYy us mliqLrd dh leh{kk djrs gq, fn;k Fkk ¼fofdihfM;k½A

xr dbZ n'kdksa ls esjk fopkj Fkk fd ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~edk mi;ksx i`Foh ds oSKkfud v/;;u rd gh lhfer gSAijarq fofdihfM;k ds vaxzsth laLdj.k ds vuqlkj;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e dk ç;ksx leLr ;wfuolZ dsoSKkfud v/;;u ds fy;s gks jgk gSA ml ys[k esa nh xbZ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e dh ifjHkk"kk dk HkkokRed vuqokneSaus nks okD;ksa esa fd;k gSA ¼ƒ½ çk—frd fu;e ;wfuolZ dsgj Hkkx esa leku gSa rFkk ;wfuolZ ds bfrgkl ds gj dkyesa Hkh ;gh fu;e Fks ¼„½ tks çk—frd çfØ;k,a ;wfuolZ dsfdlh Hkkx esa vkt gks jgh gSa os ;wfuolZ ds gj Hkkx esamUgha ifjfLrfFk;ksa esa oSls gh gksrh gSa rFkk os çfØ;k,a;wfuolZ ds bfrgkl esa mUgha ifjfLrfFk;ksa esa oSls gh gqbZFkhA ;g ifjHkk"kk rFkk ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e dhHkwoSKkfud ifjHkk"kk ewyr% ,d gh gSA dsoy i`Foh dsLFkku ij ;quholZ 'kCn dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA

;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e 'kCn dk ç;ksx

;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e vkSj ;wfuolZ

foKku ds ,d bfrgkldkj us fy[kk gS fd HkkSfrdhrFkk [kxksy foKku ds {ks=ksa esa] o"kZ ƒˆŠ† bZå esa] U;wVu uspUæek rFkk ,d /kwe~dsrq dh d{kkvksa dk vuqeku yxkus dsfy;s vius xq#Rokd"kZ.k fl)kUr dk ç;ksx fd;k Fkk ¼vkj, xzsxksjh: ^fMldojh] nh fLifjV ,aM lfoZl vkQlkbUl*] eSdfeyu ,aM dEiuh] yUnu] ƒ‹ƒ‰] ns[ksa i`"Bƒ‰ƒ½A U;wVu dk ;g ç;kl ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e dhmijksä vk/kqfud ifjHkk"kk ds vuqdwy FkkA

fofdihfM;k esa ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e ds nk'kZfudewY;kadu ij ppkZ gSSA n'kZu 'kkL= esa fopkjksa dks fofHkUuJsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e ^v fFk;ksjh*Js.kh ds dqN fopkjksa dk laxzg gSA ,sls fopkjksa dks gelR; eku djds ç—fr ds v/;;u esa mu dk ç;ksx djrsgSaA ge oSKkfud fof/k ls ;g ugha ij[k ldrs fd D;k osfopkj okLro esa lR; gSa ¼fofdihfM;k½\

;fn bl nk'kZfud fopkj /kkjk dks ge Lohdkj djsa rksdnkfpr ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e rFkk i`Foh ls lacaf/kr ,dcgqpfpZr okD; dk ;g Li"V vuqokn Hkh djsaxs ^orZeku lslh[k dj] f'kykvksa esa fy[kk i`Foh dk bfrgkl ge blfo'okl ¼tks okLro esa ,d ,tEi'ku gS½ ds lkFk i<+rs gSafd çk—frd fu;e rFkk çfØ;k,a lnk vkt tSls gh Fks*Aladsr gSa fd ;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e ds nk'kZfud rRoksa ijfparu vHkh py jgk gSA

bl ys[k dh dYiuk rFkk fopkjksa dk Øe ekSfyd gSAleLr tkudkjh fofHkUu lzksrksa ls le; le; ij çkIrgqbZ gSA eq[; lzksrksa dk fooj.k mi;qä LFkkuksa ij ns fn;kgSA

;qfuQksehZVsfj;fut~e vkSj n'kZu 'kkL=

tkudkjh ds lzksr

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vf'edk 2016

yxHkx 50 djksM+ o’kZ iwoZ Hkkjrh; Hkw&Hkkx ds;wjsf'k;u {ks= ls Vdjkus ds dkj.k fufeZr fgeky; ukedHkwvkd`fr fo'o dh uohure ioZr J`a[kyk gSA fgeky;nq:g HkkSxksfyd ifjLFkfr;ksa ,oa foijhr tyok;q ds lkFklkFk euksje Ik;ZVd LFkyksa o iznw’k.k jfgr vkcksgok dsfy;s Hkh fo'o izfl) gSA ¼fp= 1½A yxHkx 2400&3000fdeh yEch ,oa 150&400 fdeh pkSMh fgeky; ioZrJa`[kyk viuh fo'ks’k tSo&fofo/krk] lnkcgkj ufn;ksa]ikfjLFkfrdh; ra=] laLd`fr o lkekftd vkfFkZd ifjos'kds fy;s Hkh fo[;kr gSA fdUrq tyok;q ifjorZu] fo'ks’kdj okrkoj.k esa QSy jgs iznw’k.k ds dkj.k fgeky; dsizkd`frd lalk/kuksa ikfjLFkfrdh; lsokvksa] Qly pØ olkekftd&vkfFkZd thou ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+ jgk gSAQyr% fgeky;h fuokfl;ksa ds nSfud thou dhvko';drkvksa tSls ydM+h] pkjk] ba/ku o is;ty vkfnij Hkh ladV eaMjkus yx x;k gSA

okrkoj.kh; iznw’k.k dks tUe ns fn;k gSA tks fd vcfodflr lekt dk fgLlk cu pqdk gSA dHkh dHkh iznw’k.kdh ek=k bruh c<+ tkrh gS fd tkuojkas] isM ikS/kkas dh ghugha cfYd Loa; balku dk thou Hkh [krjs esa iM+ tkrkgSA gekjs ns'k dh jkt/kkuh ubZ fnYyh fo'o ds vf/kdre~iznwf’kr 'kgjkas eas 'kkfey gks pqdh gSA fgeky; ls mRiUu]gekjs ns'k dh ifo= ekuh tkus okyh xaxk unh Hkh iznw’k.kds dkj.k vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh gSA eSyh o iznwf’krxaxk dk iqu% thohdj.k ¼iqu% LoPNhdj.k½ vkt ;{k iz'uds :Ik es gekjs le{k fo|eku gSA xaxk ds rVh; {ks=ksa esamRiUu ?kjsyw o vkS|ksfxd dpjs ,oa xanxh dk xaxk esafoltZu ds dkj.k xaxk unh iznwf’kr gks pqdh gSA ,dle; Fkk tc xaxk vius mn~xe LFky xkSeq[k ls ysdjxaxklkxj rd rVh; {ks=ksa dh lQkbZ vuojr :Ik lsdjrh Fkh fdUrq vkt okrkoj.kh; ,oa ty iznw’k.k dsdkj.k Lo;a ladV xzLr gS ¼fp= 2½A

Xkaxk ty iznwf’kr gksus ds dkj.k flafpr Hkwfe viusvki gh iznwf’kr gks jgh gS rFkk ml Hkwfe ij mxus okyhlkx&lfCt;ka o vU; Qlyksa eas fo’kSys inkFkZ&lh/ksHkkstu J`[kayk }kjk ekuo 'kjhj esa izfo’V dj chekfj;kamRiUu dj jgs gSaA vFkkZr ty] Fky] ,oa uHk ¼okrkoj.k½lHkh {ks=ksa ds iznwf’kr gksus ds ckn balku fuokl dgk¡djsxk ,oa dSls djsxk\ ;g ,d fopkj.kh; fdUrq xEHkhj

fgeky; dh okfn;ksa es ?kqyrk dkcZu iznq"k.kih-,l- usxh

ok-fg-Hkwfo- ] nsgjknwulaLFkku

fp= 1% xkSeq[k% xaxk dk mn~xe LFkyA

orZeku lekt] fodkl :ih ifg;s dks rhoz xfr ls?kqekdj HkkSfrdoknh izxfr }kjk vius vkidks fodflriznf'kZr dj xkSjokfUor eglwl dj jgk gSA fdUrq lrr~fodkl dh vifjiDo le>] voSKkfud dk;Zdykiksa oxyk?ksakV izfrLi/kkZ us fodkl ds vof'k’V ds :Ik esa fp= 2% xaxks=h ?kVh dk euksje >kadhA

vf'edk 2016

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?kkfV;k¡ tSls Mksdfj;kuh Xysf'k;j ?kkVh] dsnkjukFk ?kkVh¼fp= 4½ rFkk xaxks=h ?kkVh ¼fp= 5½ vkfn euksgjh ,oaiznw’k.k jfgr jgrh gSa ftlls dbZ fdyksehVj nwj rd HkhlkQ&lkQ ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fdUrq vkfFkZd lEiUurkvkus ds Ik'Pkkr lkekftd jgu & lgu ds Lrj esc<+ksrjh ds dkj.k vc Ik;ZVd] ;k=h] ioZrkjksgh]jksekapdkjh o fodkl dk;ksZa esa 'kkfey yksx] vius dk;Zdykiksa ls vutkus es dkyk dkcZu iznw’k.k QSyk jgs gSaAgkyakfd Xysf'k;j ds fudV Ik;ZVudky ds nkSjku dkysdkcZu dh ek=k 0-0 ls 1311 uSuksxzke izfr ?kuehVj ikbZxbZ gS tks fd Hkkjrh; gok dh ekud xq.koÙkk 60ekbØksxzke izfr ?ku ehVj rFkk vUrjkZ’Vªh; ekud 25ekbØksxzke izfr ?kuehVj ls dkQh de gSA fdUrq ;fnle; jgrs lgh dne ugha mBk;s x;s rks LFkkuh; ,oa{ks=h; Lrj ij izkd`frd lalk/kuks tSls Xysf'k;jksa] ufn;kas]

Ikz'u gSA Xakxk ds mn~xe {ks= fgeky; esa Hkh iznw’k.k]fo'ks’kdj okrkoj.kh; iznw’k.k viuh tMs+a tek pqdk gSAfgeky; dh izeq[k ufn;ksa] tSls xaxk] ;equk ds mPptyxzg.k {ks=ksa ,oa ?kkfV;ksa esa Hkh ?kkrd dkcZu ukedokrkoj.kh; iznw’k.k ik;k x;k gSA

okrkoj.k esa ik;s tkus okysfofHkUu izdkj ds iznw’k.k Bksl] xSl] nzo o IykTek vkfnvoLFkkvksa esa ik;s tkrs gSaA dkcZu uked iznw’k.klw{en'khZ; d.kksa ds :Ik esa ik;k tkrk gSA ;g nks izdkjds dkcZu ¼v½ rRo dkcZu rFkk ¼c½ dkcZfud dkcZu lsfey dj cuk gksrk gSA oSKkfud txr esa dkyk dkcZu,sjkslkWy ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA rRo dkcZu isM & ikS/kkaso tho tUrqvksa ls fufeZr thok'e ba/ku tSls isVªksyM+hty ,oa feV~Vh rsy ds okguksa ,oa la;=ks esa viw.kZtyus ls curk gSA tcfd dkcZfud dkcZu] ck;ksekl tSlsydM+h] ?kkl] [kjirokj vkfn ds v/kwjs tyus ls fufeZrgksrk gSA vFkkZr lM+dksa ij vuojr :Ik ls nkSMrs yk[kksaokgu] thok'e ba/ku ls pyus okys la;=] tSo ba/ku tSlsydM+h miys] dks;yk] vkfn dk [kkuk cukus esa mi;ksxdj mtkZ izkIr djus okyh tula[;k ,oa taxy vkxvkfn CySd dkcZu ds lh/ks& lh/ks izeq[k% lzksr gSaA ,dlosZ{k.k ds vuqlkj 20 dkyk dkcZu tSo ba/ku ls] 20thok'e ba/ku ls rFkk 40 [kqys esa tSo ba/ku ds tykus lsmRiUu gksrk gSA fgeky; esa oukfXu Hkh dkcZfud dkcZuds mRltZu eas egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS fo'ks’kdj o’kZ2016 dh xfeZ;ksa esa ueh dh deh ds dkj.k taxyksa dkegRoiw.kZ fgLlk vkx dh HksaV p<+k gS ftlls vfu;ferek=k esa vR;f/kd dkcZfud dkcZu mRiUu gqvk FkkA mDrdkyk dkcZu mRltZu okys {ks= ls lh/ks okrkoj.k easizfo’V djrk gS vkSj fQj gok ds lkFk& lkFk ,d LFkkuls nwljs LFkku rd ljyrk ls igq¡p tkrk gSA

;|fi fo'oo Hkkjr ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa dkys dkcZu ds ekiu gsrqla;= yxk;s x;s gSaA fdUrq fgeky; {ks=ksa esa nq:g ,aofo’ke HkkSxksfyd ifjLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ;g iz;kl vHkhviuh 'kS'ko voL;k esa gSA okfM;k laLFkku }kjk mPpf'k[kjh; {ks=ksa tSls Mksdjkuh ,oa xaxks=h Xysf'k;j dh?kkfV;ksa es dkys dkcZu ekid ;a= LFkkfir fd;s gSaA ¼fp=3½ ;|fi vuqikfrd :Ik ls mPp f'k[kjh; fgeky; dh

% %

%

dkcZu iznq"k.k ds lzksr %

fgeky; {ks=ks esa dkys dkcZu dk ekiu %

fp= 3% mPp fgeky; esa dkcZu ekid ;U=A

fp= 4% dsnkj?kkVh „åƒ… vkink ls iwoZA

4

vf'edk 2016

fu;a=.k ,ao U;wuhdj.k % Hkkjr ns'k gh ugh cfYd fo'ods fodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh dkys dkcZu dh leL;k mxz :Ik/kkj.k dj pqdh gS ,oa nqHkkZX;o'k% ,d ns'k }kjk mRlftZrdkyk dkcZu gok ds lkFk vklkuh ls nwljs ns'kksa rFkkvkdZfVd] vUVkdZfVd o leqnz esa Hkh igqap tkrk gSAftlls leL;k oSf'od Lrj dk :Ik ?kkj.k dj ysrh gSAfo'o ds tyok;q ifjorZu ij utj j[kus gsrq xfBrlaLFkk vkbZ- ih- lh- lh ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEesyuksa }kjk Hkhdkys dkcZu o vU; iznw’k.k mRlftZr djus okys ns'kkas ijmRltZu de djus gsrq ncko cuk;k tk jgk gSA fdUrqmRltZu lh/ks lh/ks fodkl ,oa le`f) ls tqM+s gksus dsdkj.k] okafNr lQyrk izkIr ugh gks ik jgh gSA

lEiw.kZ fo'o ds dkys dkcZu dk mRltZu djus okysmtkZ ds lzksrksa dk fodYi <wa<+k tk jgk gS] mTkkZ ds xSjikjEifjd lzksr tSls iou mtkZ] lkSj mtkZ] ukfHkdh;mtkZ] lh-,u-th-] ty mtkZ vkfn dks fo'o ds vf/kdka'kns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr eas Hkh izkFkfedrk nh tk jgh gS] [kkldj fgeky;h {ks=kas es ikjEifjd :Ik ls mi;ksx eas vkusokys tSo ba/ku tSls ydM+h vkfn ds fodYiksa dk iz;ksxfd;k tk jgk gSA tks dkQh gn rd lQy Hkh gks jgk gSA

dkys dkcZu ,oa vU; xSlksa }kjk i`Foh ds c<+rsrkieku o tyok;q ifjorZu ds lEcU/k eas blh o’kZ isfjlesa vk;ksftr la;qDr jk’Vª tyok;q lEesyu esa gq;sle>kSrs dks ,sfrgkfld crk;k tk jgk gS ftldks 196ns'kkas us Lohdkjk gSA blds vuqlkj izR;sd ns'k mRlftZrxSlksa esa dqN dVkSrh djsxkA fdUrq ;g le>kSrk Hkkjr]phu tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds vuq:Ik izrhr ugha gksrk]

taxyksa rFkk iwjs ikfjLFkrh; ra= ij foijhr izHkko vkSjvf/kd xfr ls iM+sxkA

dkys dkcZu dh izHkkoh {kerkdkcZu ds d.kksa ds vkdkj o mudh l?kurk ij fuHkZjdjrh gSA okrkoj.k dks xeZ djus dh {kerk dkys dkcZudh dkcZu MkbvkDlkbM ls dbZ xquk T;kknk gSA

fo'o Hkj eas fd;s x;s 'kks/k ,oa vuqHko dk;ksZa ls Li’VgS fd dkys dkcZu ls] ok;qe.My ij gh ugha cfYdlalk/kukas] Qly mRiknu] tyok;q ds lkFk&lkFkekuoh; LokLF; ij Hkh foijhr izHkko iM+rk gSAty&ok;q ij dkyk dkcZu lh/ks rFkk ijks{k :Ik esa izHkkoMkyrk gSA dkys dkcZu ds d.k lw;Z dh mtkZ dks lks[kdj okrkoj.k dks vkSj vf/kd xeZ cuk nsrs gSa tks fdLFkkuh; isM+&ikS/kksa ,oa tho tUrqvksa gsrq gkfudkjd gksrkgS ,oa muds izkd`frd vkokl&fuokl ,oa ikfjLFkrh;ra= eas Hkh cnyko vk tkrk gSA dkys dkcZu ds d.k cQZls feyus ds dkj.k cQZ dh ijkorZd {kerk de dj nsrsgaS ftlls fgeky;h <+ykuksa ij cQZ ;k rks terh ugha gSvkSj vxj teh gqbZ gS rks rkieku o`f) ds dkj.k le; lsiwoZ fi?ky tkrh gSA blh izdkj ;g izHkko Xysf'k;jksa ijHkh ns[kk x;k gSA bl izdkj dkyk dkcZu tyok;qifjorZu eas LFkkuh; Lrj ls ysdj oSf'od Lrj rdfu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA oSKkfud Lrj ij ijh{k.k lslkfcr gqvk gS fd Xykscy okfeZax ,oa tyok;q ifjorZutSlh vUrjkZ’Vªh; leL;kvksa es dkys dkcZu ,oa vU;?kVdksa tSls dkcZu Mkb vkDlkbM] ehFksu] ukbVªlvkDlkbM vkfn dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA

dkys dkcZu dk izHkko %

fp= 5% mPp fgeky; ikfjLFkfrdh ra=: taxy o oQZA

fp= 6% riksou% _f"k&eqfu;ksa dk riLFkyA

vf'edk 2016

5

x;k dkcZu 30 rd dkys dkcZu ls izkIr gksrk gS tks fdfeV~Vh dh moZjd {kerk dks c<+k nsrk gSA

fofHkUu izdkj ds lalk/kukaso okrkoj.k dks lh/ks ,oa ijks{k :i esa izHkkfor djus dslkFk dkyk dkcZu LokLF; ds fy;s Hkh gkfudkjd fl)gqvk gSA dkys dkcZu ds eghu d.k dSalj mRiUu djus dh{kerk j[krs gSaA ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa bls [krjukd ok;qiznw’k.k dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkjfo'o esa yxHkx 640]000 ls 4]900]000 balkuks dh le;ls iwoZ gksus okyh e`R;q dks dkys dkcZu dks fu;af=r djdsjksdk tk ldrk gSA NksVs cPpksa ds 'olu ra= ij Hkh dkysdkcZu ds foijhr ifj.kke ns[ks x;s gSaA

,d v/;;u ls Kkr gqvk gS fd lu~ 2030 rdvesfjdk ds okrkoj.k es fo|eku dkys dkcZu o vU;df.kdk inkFkZ ls gksus okyk uqdlku 2-9 yk[k ls ysdj12 yk[k Mkyj rd igqap tk;sxkA

%

dkyk dkcZu ,oa LokLF; %

D;ksafd ;s ns'k c<+rs gq;s vkS|ksfxdhdj.k ds dkj.k dkcZuxSlksa ds mRiknd gSa tks fd xjhc tula[;k ds Hkj.kiks’k.k gsrq vfr vko';d gSA

jk’Vªh; Lrjij cuk;s x;s eWkMyksa ,oa gok dh n'kk o fn'kk ij Kkrijh{k.k ls izrhr gks jgk gS fd e/; Hkkjr rFkk xaxk dseaSnkuksa esa mRlftZr dkyk dkcZu] gok ds ncko o rkiekues vUrj gksus ds dkj.k lh/ks frCcrh iBkj o fgeky; dhrygVh esa bDBB~k gks jgk gS ftldks dbZ ckj ,f'k;uczkmu ,sjkslksy ds uke ls Hkh bafxr fd;k x;k gSAfgeky; ds Xysf'k;jksa ds rsth ls fi?kyus dk ,d dkj.k;g Hkh ekuk tk jgk gSA fdUrq dkys dkcZu dh thouvof/k dqN fnuksa ls ysdj dqN g¶rksa rd gksus ds dkj.kmldk cgqr vf/kd laxzg ugha ik;k tkrk gSA tcfddkcZu Mkb vkDlkbM dh okrkoj.kh; thou vof/k 100o’kZ ls vf/kd gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd feV~Vh esa ik;k

dkyk dkcZu ,oa fgeky;u Xysf'k;j %

6

vf'edk 2016

tkrh gSa ,oa gtkjks djksM+ #i;s dh vkfFkZd laifÙk dhgkfu gksrh gS ¼rkfydk 1½A

HkkSxksfyd –f"V ls fgeky; dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftrfd;k x;k gS ftles uhps okys Hkkx dks ikn fgeky;]e/; Hkkx dks fuEu fgeky; vkSj lcls Åijh Hkkx dksmPp fgeky; dgrs gaSA ikn fgeky; dk fuekZ.k yxHkx2 djksM+ ls 20 yk[k o"kZ iwoZ ufn;ksa }kjk yk;s x, fu{ksiksads teko ds dkj.k gqvk gS] blesa eq[;r% vyx vyxçdkj dh volknh pêkuksa dk c`gn foLrkj gSA fuEufgeky; esa eq[;r% dk;karfjr volknh pêkusa ik;h tkrhgS ftudh vk;q yxHkx 1-8 vjc o"kZ ls 80 djksM+ o"kZvuqekfur dh x;h gSA mPp fgeky; esa eq[;r% mPp xzsMdh dk;karfjr pêkusa ik;h tkrh gSa ftudh vk;q yxHkx80 ls 40 djksM+ o"kZ gS ¼gSae vkSj xkUlj 1939( ysQksVZ1975( ofYn;k 1999½A

vfr mPp f'k[kj ,oa c`gn foLrkj gksus ds dkj.kfgeky; dh tyok;q Hkh fofo/krk iw.kZ gSA fgeky; esaeq[;r% nks çdkj dh ekSle ç.kkyh çHkkoh gSA xzh"e _rqesa ;gk¡ ij ekulwu gokvksa dk çHkko vR;f/kd gksrk gS tkso"kkZ dk eq[; dkj.k gSA ;s gok,a fgUn egklkxj ls viuslkFk ueh ys dj mBrh gS vkSj Hkkjrh; miegk}hi esa o"kkZdjrh gSaA fgeky; ds mPp f'k[kj bu gokvksa dks vkxsc<+us ls jksdrs gSa ftlls ;s mPp f'k[kjksa ij Vdjk dj{kh.k gks tkrh gSa ;k okil ykSVus yxrh gaS vkSj ;s viuhvf/kdre ueh ogha NksM+ nsrh gSa tks vkink dk dkj.kcurh gSA 'khrdky esa leqæ] Hkwfe ds eqdkcys vf/kd xjegksus ds dkj.k gok viuh fn'kk cny nsrh gS vkSj Hkw lsleqæ dh vkSj cgus yxrh gSA bl vof/k esa if'pehfo{kksHk dh gok,a çHkkoh gks tkrh gaSA ;s gok,a esfMVsfj;u]dkfLi;u vkSj CySd leqæ ls ueh ys dj miegk}hi esao"kkZ djokrh gSa vkSj fgeikr ds fy, Hkh mÙkjnk;h gksrhgSa ¼vksosu 1996] esgrk vkSj vU; 2014½A

fgeky; dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa tyok;q

mŸkjk[kaM dh Ákd`frd vkink,° (,d oSKkfud n`f"V dks.k)euh"k esgrk] vfuy dqekj xqIrk] çnhi JhokLro vkSj Mh-ih- MksHkky

laLFkkuok-fg-Hkwfo- ] nsgjknwu

fgeky; fo'o dh lcls Å¡ph ioZr Ja`[kyk gS] tks iwoZls yxHkx 2400 fdeh if'pe dh vksj *ukepk c#ok* lsukxk ioZr ds chp fLFkr gSA bldh pkSM+kbZ yxHkx230&320 fdeh rd gS bldh mÙkjh lhek iwoZ esa czãiq=,oa if'pe esa fla/kq unh rd gS vkSj nf{k.k dh lhek esuÝaVy FkzLV rd gS tks bldks xaxk ds eSnku ls vyxdjrh gS ¼Bkdqj vkSj jkor 1992( ofYn;k 1980( ;hu2006½A

fgeky; fo'o esa lcls uwru ,oa uohu ioZr Ja[kykgS] ftldk fuekZ.k yxHkx lk<+s ikap djksM+ o"kZ igysvkjEHk gks x;k Fkk tc Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ;wjsf'k;kegk}hi dh vksj f[kldus yxk Fkk vkSj yxHkx ikapdjksM+ o"kZ igys ;g ;wjsf'k;k egk}hi ls Vdjk;k FkkA rcls vkt rd fgeky; ds cuus dh çfØ;k fujarj py jghgS ¼nsos; vkSj cMZ 1970( ofYn;k 1980( ;hu 2006½Auohu ,oa uwru ioZr J`a[kyk gksus ds dkj.k fgeky; dksle;& le; ij çk—frd vkinkvksa dk lkeuk djukiM+rk gS] ftlds ifj.kke Lo#i i;kZoj.k dh yxkrkj{kfr gksrh jgh gSA gesa ;g vPNh rjg ls Kkr gS fdfgeky; dk ikfjLFkfrdh ra= cgqr xaHkhj ,oa laosnu'khygS] tks fd Hkkjrh; mi egk}hi ds frCcr ds iBkj ds uhpstkus ls gksus okyh foorZfud ,oa uwru foorZfudxfrfof/k;ksa ls mRiu gqvk gSA ikfjLFkfrdh ra= ds {k;gksus ls fgeky; dh thou ç.kkyh o i;kZoj.k dks cgqr{kfr gqbZ gSA blds vykok tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k tksXykscy okfeaZx gqbZ gS mlls Hkh fgeky; ds ikfjLFkfrdhra= dks cgqr gkfu gks jgh gS tSls fgeunksa ds ihNsf[kldus dh nj esa c<+ksrjh] o"kkZ esa vfu;ferrk vk;h gSvkSj vkink esa foxr ,d n'kd ls c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA

fgeky; ds foLr`r foLrkj ,oa fofo/krk ds dkj.kvR;f/kd o"kkZ] ckny QVuk] HkwdEi] ck<+] fgeun }kjkcuh >hy dk VwVuk] fgeL[kyu tSlh vusd vkinkvksa lsfodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk :duk lkekU; ckr gks x;hgS] ftlds dkj.k gj o"kZ lSdM+ksa yksxksa dh tkus pyh

vf'edk 2016

7

rkfydk 1%

vof/k ftyk LFkku ?kVuk;as {kfr;k¡

mÙkjk[kaM {ks= esa ?kfVr dqN egRoiw.kZ vkink,aA

1868 peksyh fcjgh HkwL[kyu 73 yksx ejs19 flrEcj 1880 uSuhrky uSuhrky j‚dQ‚y 151 yksx ejs25 vxLr 1894 peksyh fcjgh >hy dk VwVuk laifÙk dh {kfr7 vxLr 1898 uSuhrky dSyk[ku HkwL[kyu 29 yksx ejs1924 uSuhrky ohjHkêh j‚dQ‚y laifÙk dh {kfr1935 fiFkkSjkx<+ rok?kkV HkwL[kyu laifÙk dh {kfr1937 fiFkkSjkx<+ xcZ~;kax Hkw&/kalko laifÙk dh {kfr1951 ikSM+h lriqyh ck<+ 50 yksx ejs20 tqykbZ 1970 peksyh ikrky xaxk ckny QVuk 70 yksx ejs19 tqykbZ 1970 fiFkkSjkx<+ L;kuk ck<+ 12 yksx ejs1976 ckxs'oj didksV HkwL[kyu 16 yksx ejs14 vxLr 1977 fiFkkSjkx<+ rok?kkV ck<+] HkwL[kyu 44 yksx ejs1978 mÙkjdk'kh xaxukuh >hy dk VwVuk 25 yksx ejs1979 peksyh dkSaFkk xk¡o HkwL[kyu 50 yksx ejs23 twu 1980 mÙkjdk'kh Kkulq HkwL[kyu 45 yksx ejs9 flrEcj 1980 mÙkjdk'kh dkuksfM;k xk¡o HkwL[kyu 15 yksx ejs1983 ckxs'oj dehZ xk¡o ck<+ 37 yksx ejs1984 ckxs'oj txFkuk ¼didksV½ ck<+] HkwL[kyu 9 yksx ejs1990 Vsgjh _f"kds'k ¼uhydaB½ HkwL[kyu 100 yksx ejs16 vxLr 1991 peksyh nsoj [k.Msjk] ckny QVuk 29 yksx ejs

ihiy g‚V] xksis'ojtqykbZ 1996 fiFkkSjkx<+ jSrksyh xk¡o ckny QVuk 19 yksx ejs11 vxLr 1998 peksyh m[kheB HkwL[kyu 69 yksx ejs17&18 vxLr 1998 fiFkkSjkx<+ ekyik HkwL[kyu 261 yksx ejs17 vxLr 2001 peksyh QkVk ckny QVuk 21 yksx ejs10 vxLr 2002 peksyh cw<kdsnkj HkwL[kyu 16 yksx ejs23 twu 2005 peksyh xksfoan?kkV ckny QVuk 11 yksx ejs12 tqykbZ 2007 peksyh xSjlSa.k ¼iFkjdVk½ ckny QVuk 8 yksx ejs6 flrEcj 2007 fiFkkSjkx<+ /kkjpwyk ¼cje xk¡o½ HkwL[kyu 15 yksx ejs8 vxLr 2009 fiFkkSjkx<+ equL;kjh ckny QVuk 43 yksx ejs12&13 vxLr 2010 mÙkjdk'kh HkVokjh Hkw&/kalko laifÙk dh {kfr18 flrEcj 2010 vYeksM+k vYeksM+k ckny QVuk 36 yksx ejs3 vxLr 2012 mÙkjdk'kh vlhxaxk ckny QVuk 35 yksx ejs13 flrEcj 2012] #æç;kx m[kheB ckny QVuk 66 yksx ejs16] 17 twu 2013 peksyh] xksfoan?kkV]H;waMkj Hkkjh o"kkZ] 5000 yksx ejs

#æç;kx] dsnkjukFk] jkeckM+k HkwL[kyu] ck<+mÙkjdk'kh xaxksjh] HkVokjh

8

vf'edk 2016

fgeky; ds vfr mPp f'k[kj ,oa o`gn foLrkj gksusvkSj nks ekSle ç.kkyh ds vk/kkj ij tyok;q forj.kfofo/krk fy, gSA iwohZ Hkkx esa tg¡k xzh"e ekulwu dkçHkko vf/kd gksrk gS vkSj xfeZ;ksa esa vf/kd o"kkZ gksrh gSogha if'peh Hkkx esa if'peh fo{kksHk dk çHkko vf/kd gksrkgS vkSj tkM+ksa esa vf/kd o"kkZ gksrh gSA tcfd e/; {ks= esaxzh"e ekulwu vkSj if'peh fo{kksHk dk çHkko yxHkxcjkcj gksrk gS ¼vksosu 1996] esgrk vkSj vU; 2014½A

fgeky; lnSo gh vuUr dky ls Hk;kog çk—frd?kVukvksa tSls fgeL[kyu] vR;f/kd fgeikr] ck<+] cknyQVuk] çk—frd >hyksa dk VwVuk] HkwL[kyu] HkwdEi] vkfnls Hksn~; jgk gSA bu ?kVukvksa esa ck<+] ckny QVuk vkSjHkwL[kyu dh ?kVuk;sa lkekU; gaS] ftuds }kjk gj o"kZvikj /ku vkSj tu dh gkfu gksrh gSA buesa ls dqN?kVukvksa dk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSA

cQZ vkSj fgeL[kyu fo'o ds ioZrh; {ks=kas esa ,d lkekU;lh ?kVuk gSA /kzqoh; {ks=ksa ds ckn fgeky; nqfu;k dklcls cM+k fge {ks= gS bldk yxHkx 10 Hkkx fge vkSjfgeun ls LFkk;h :i ls <dk jgrk gS] tcfd tkM+ksa esa ;sc<+ dj 30 gks tkrk gS ¼jSuk vkSj JhokLro 2008½A tksbl {ks= dks fgeL[kyu ds :i esa vkink dh vksj mUeq[kdjrk gSA

%

%

çk—frd vkink,a

fgeL[kyu

fp= 1% fgeL[kyu }kjk gq,s vkfFkZd gkfu ysg&eukyh jksM ¼QksVks& ,l0,0,l0bZ0 eukyh½A

ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa ekuoksa dh c<+rh xfrfof/k;ksa tSlsioZrkjksg.k] i;ZVu] rhFkZ;k=k ,oa {ks= ds fuokfl;ksa dhc<+rh tula[;k vkfn ds dkj.k fgeL[kyu ds tksf[keksaesa o`f) gqbZ gSA

Hkkjr ds ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa gj o"kZ yxHkx 100 lsvf/kd ekSrsa fgeL[kyu }kjk gksrh gaS vkSj lfnZ;ksa ds le;vf/kdre uqdlku tSls lM+d dk VwVuk] iqy dk VwVuk]ÅpkbZ ij fLFkr lSU; dSai vkfn dk /oal gksuk gksrk gSAfgeky; ds if'peh Hkkx esa fgeL[kyu ls lcls vf/kdgkfu gksrh gS ftuesa tEew vkSj d'ehj] fgekpy vkSjmÙkjk[kaM jkT; gSa] tgk¡ tul¡[;k vf/kd Å¡pkbZ okys{ks=ksa esa Hkh okl djrh gSA

fgeky; esa yxHkx nl gtkj fgeun gS ftudk {ks=Qy0-5 ls 148 fdeh ds chp gS vkSj yxHkx 37000 fdehHkkx dks <ds gq, gS ¼jSuk vkSj JhokLro 2008½A /kjrh ijfgeun lcls fo'kky LoPN ty dk lzksr gSaA ekSleifjorZu ls gksus okys Xykscy okfeaZx dh otg ls fgeky;ds yxHkx lHkh fgeun cM+h rsth ls ihNs dh vksj fldqM+jgs gSaA fgeunksa dk fldqM+uk vkSj de gksuk Hkfo"; esavkus okyh cM+h vkink dh vksj ladsr dj jgs gaS D;ksafdfo'o dh lkr cMh ufn;ksa ¼rhu Hkkjrh; unh xaxk]czãiq= vkSj fla/kq½ dk mn~xe bUgha ls gS tks yxHkxlalkj dh ,d frgkbZ tul¡[;k dks Hkkstu o ikuh çnkudjrh gSA

2 2

fgeun ds dkj.k

vf'edk 2016

9

2013 dks Jh dsnkjukFk {ks= esa Hkh"k.k çy;dkjh ?kVuk gSftlds dkj.k 5000 ls T;knk yksxksa dks viuh tkux¡okuh iM+h ,oa gtkjks yksx ykirk gks x,A bl ?kVuk dsdbZ çk—frd dkj.k gSa ij ekuoksa dk ç—fr fu;eksa lsvufHkK gksuk ,oa mlls NsM+ NkM+ djus ds dkj.k bl?kVuk us ,d ohHkRl vkink dk :i /kkj.k fd;kA mPpfgeky; {ks=ksa esa lkekU;r% ckny QVuk] fgeun }kjkfufeZr >hy dk VwVuk] HkwL[kyu }kjk fufeZr >hy dkVwVuk gh ck<+ dk eq[; dkj.k gSA bl ds fy, Hkw vk—frvkSj bl ds [krjksa dks le>uk vko';d gSA

fgeky; esa o"kkZ ds forj.k dh ço`fr lkekU;r% ,d tSlhugha gSA o"kkZ dh ço`fÙk if'pe ls iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k ls mÙkjdh vksj c<+rh tkrh gS] ftl ds fy, LFkyk—fr fnd&lwpd dk dke djrh gSA Vª‚fidy jsuQ‚y est+jesaVfe'ku uklk dk MsVk }kjk fgeky; ds o"kkZ dk forj.kljyrk iwoZd le>k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,fp= 3 esa vyduank unh dk ik'oZ fp= månå dh vksjdh Hkw&vk—fr dks n'kkZrk gS] tks nks çeq[k LFkyk—fr1&nf{k.k esa fgeky; dk ÝaVy FkzLV] ;g fgeky; dsf'kokfyd {ks= dks xaxk ds eSnku ls vyx djrk gSA2&esu lsaVªy FkzLV tgk¡ mPp fgeky; dh pêkusa fuEufgeky; dh pêkuksa ds Åij gSA ;g nks {ks= viuhLFkyk—fr ds dkj.k lokZf/kd o"kkZ xzg.k djrs gSA

laHkkfor [krjksa okys {ks=

LFkyk—frd vxzkar

fp= 3% xaxk unh ?kkVh dk fMftVy ,fyos'ku e‚My vyduank unh fn[kk jgk gSA vk;r ds vanj fn[kk, x, {ks= dks Hkw&vk—frd vkSj o"kkZçksQkby rS;kj djus ds fy, ç;ksx esa yk;k x;k gSA

fgeky; ds fgeunksa ds ihNs gVus dh nj yxHkx 5ls 20 eh@o"kZ gS vkSj æO;eku larqyu dh nj _.kkRedvFkkrZ fgeun dk æO;eku de gksus dh çfØ;k fyfVyvkbl ,st ¼yxHkx 1450 ls 1850 bZLoh rd½ ls yxkrkjpy jgh gS ¼dSai vkSj vU; 2007( Cyksp vkSj vU; 2012½Achloha lnh ds ckn ;g çfØ;k vkSj rsth ls c<+h gS]ftlls ;g vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS fd ekuo ds fodklds lkFk gh oSf'od rkieku Hkh c<+ jgk gSA yxkrkj c<+rsrkieku ls fgeunksa ds fi?kyus dh xfr ds c<+us ds dkj.kfgeun }kjk mRiu [krjksa us vkink dk :i ysuk vkjEHkdj fn;k gSA fgeun ds fi?kyus dh ?kVuk ds dkj.kfofHkUu çdkj dh >hyksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS ;s >hyfgeun ds Åij] fgeun ds nksuksa fdukjksa] fgeun dslkeus vkSj ifjf/k esa fufeZr gksrh gSA bu >hyksa ds vkdkjesa vkSj la[;k esa o"kZ nj o"kZ o`f) gks jgh gS ftlds dkj.kHkfo"; esa gksus okys ladVks esa o`f) gksus dh laHkkouk gSAbu >hyksa ds QVus ds dkj.k ufn;ksa ds vuqçokg esa ck<+ds dkj.k vR;f/kd {kfr gksrh gS] tSls fgekpy çns'k esaijpq >hy ds QVus vkSj mÙkjk[kaM esa pksjkckM+h >hy dsQVus ds dkj.k gqbZ ohHkRl =klnhA

mPp f'k[kjh; fgeky; {ks=ksa esa vR;f/kd o"kkZ ,oa ck<+tSlh vkink dk çfrdwy çHkko lkekU; lh ckr gS tks fdlkekU; tu ekul ds efLr"d iVy ij vafdr gksukpkfg,A bl rjg dh vkink dk eq[; mnkgj.k twu

ck<+

10

vf'edk 2016

vkSj HkwL[kyu {ks= gaSA xaxk ?kkVh ds fupys {ks=ksa esa fd;sx;s v/;;u ;s n'kkZrs gSa fd ;gk¡ ij fu{ksfir yxHkx90 eyck ;k volkn fgeunksa ds eksjSu ls cg dj vk;sgSaA ;s çfØ;k vkæ tyok;q ds le; unh ds izokg esa gqbZc<+ksrjh ds dkj.k gqbZ] tks tyok;q esa gksus okys ifjorZudk çek.k gSaA rkieku esa o`f) gksus ds dkj.k fgeky;{ks=ksa esa vR;f/kd o"kkZ gksus yxrh gS ftlls fgeun }kjkfu{ksfir eyck cg dj unh dks jksdrk gS vkSj >hy dkfuekZ.k djrk gS ftlls o"kkZ dk vkSj fge }kjk fi?kykty blesa tek gksrk gSaA tks ckn esa fjl dj >hy dksrksM+ nsrk gS vkSj vkink dk ohHkRl :i /kkj.k dj ysrkgSA

Hkkjh o"kkZ ,oa fge ds fi?kyus dh xfr ds c<+us ls >hyksadk vkdkj c<+us yxrk gS ftlls ;s VwV tkrh gaS vkSjfupyh ?kkVh esa ikuh o volknksa dk Hkkjh ek= esa fuoZgugksrk gS ftl ds }kjk vR;f/kd uqdlku gksrk gSAfjpMZlu vkSj jsu‚YM~l ¼2000½ us bl çdkj dh 33>hyksa dk v/;;u 1930 esa fd;k] ftl esa mUgksaus ik;k fdbl çdkj dh ?kVuk esa yxkrkj o`f) gks jgh gSA gky ghesa oklu o vU; ¼2013½ }kjk fd;s x, v/;;uksa ls Kkrgqvk dh xaxk unh esa fiNys 1000 lkyks esa yxHkx 25fo'kky ck<+s vkbZ gSaA xaxk unh ds iqjk ck<+ }kjk tekvolknksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyk fd bldh mRifÙklaHkor% mPp fgeky; {ks=ksa ls gqbZA bl çdkj dh ?kVukdk mnkgj.k dsnkjukFk esa vkbZ Hkh"k.k vkink gSA

lkekU;r% mÙkjk[kaM esa yxHkx 1000&2000 feeh@o"kZds chp cjlkr gksrh gS] tks fd o"kkZ Nk;k {ks=ksa yn~nk[kvkSj djkdksje ¼ feeh@o"kZ½ ds vuqikr esa cgqrT;knk gSA fgeky; {ks= esa tc lkekU; ls vf/kd cjlkrgksrh gS rks igkM+h ds <ykuksa ls eycs dk çokg vkjEHk gkstkrk gS tks fd vkink dk eq[; dkj.k gS ¼Ýks,gyhp vkSjLV‚dsZy 1987½A fgeky; esa o"kkZ dc vkink dk :i ysysxh bl dk vkdyu bl {ks= esa o"kkZ ds }kjk igkM+h<ykuksa ls eyck cgus dh lhek ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA;g lhek {ks= ds HkkSxksfyd ,oa HkwxHkhZ; lajpuk ij fuHkZj

%

<100

fgeky; esa ck<+ ds dkj.k

fgeun }kjk cuh >hyksa ds QVus ls

vlkekU; o"kkZ dh ?kVuk, ,oa HkwL[kyu

xzh"e _rq esa twu ls flrEcj ds eghuksa esa tcekulwu pje ij gksrk gS rks ;s LFkyk—frd vxzkar]çk—frd dkj.kksa ls vR;f/kd o"kkZ esa Hksn~; vkSj detksjgks tkrh gSaA HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ç.kkyh }kjk Hkw&–';ksa ock<+ Hksn~; lq>koksa ij fd;s x, v/;;uksa ls ;g Kkr gqvkgS fd bUgha {ks=ksa esa [kqys —f"k {ks=ksa ls ryNV fuoZgu]catj ck<+ ds eSnku] iqjkus o lfØ; HkwL[kyu] ouksa dhdVkbZ vkfn ck<+ lEcU/kh rRoksa dks c<+kok nsrs gaS ¼jkorvkSj vU; 2012½A

fgeky;u {ks=ksa esa fd;s x;s v/;;u ;g n'kkZrs gaS fd]Åijh xaxk ?kkVh esa fiNys 60&70 gtkj o"kksaZ ds nkSjkunks pj.kksa esa fgeunksa dk fodkl gqvk gSaA ;s pj.k ykLVXysflvy esfDlee yxHkx 21 gtkj o"kZ igys vkSj 63gtkj o"kZ iwoZ isuYVhesV Xysfl;s'ku gSaA v/;;uksa ls ;s HkhKkr gqvk gS fd isuYVhesV Xysfl;s'ku esa fgeunksa dk vxzHkkx leqæ ry ls yxHkx 2600 eh ij Fkk tks vkt ihNsf[kld dj yxHkx 3800 eh ij igq¡p x;k gSA bu60&70 gtkj lkyksa esa fgeun us viuk yxHkx 5600fdeh {ks= [kkyh fd;k gS tks 8 fdeh 'krkCnh dh nj ls[kkyh gks jgk gS ¼fp= 4½A

fgeky; mPp {ks=ksa esa ouLifr u gksus ds dkj.kfgeunksa }kjk fu{ksfir çk—frd eycksa }kjk fufeZr >hy

2 2/

fgeun vkSj mlds pkjksa vksj dk {ks=

fp= 4% 60&70 gtkj lkyks esa fgeun us viuk yxHkx 5600fdeh {ks= [kkyh fd;k gSA„

vf'edk 2016

11

djrh gSA bldk vkadyu ;g gS fd ;fn LFkkuh; Lrjij ,d fnu esa 200 feeh ;k nks&rhu fnu esa 300&400feeh o"kkZ gqbZ rks eycs dk çokg 'kq# gks tk;sxk vkSj ;fn{ks=h; Lrj ij 300 feeh- fnu ls T;knk jgk vkSjnks&rhu fnu esa 500&600 feeh o"kkZ gqbZ rks eycs dkçokg c<+ tk;sxk ¼LV‚dsZy vkSj cklq 2000½A mÙkjk[kaMjkT; ds o"kkZ ds vkdM+ksa dk v/;;u ;s n'kkZrk gS fd gj100 o"kZ esa vR;f/kd o"kkZ ¼200&500 feeh@fnu½ ,d ckjvo'; gksrh gSA bl çdkj dh ?kVuk 1880 esa ,d fnu esa820 feeh o"kkZ vkSj flrEcj 1924 esa ,d fnu esa 770 feeho"kkZ vfHkfyf[kr gSA bl çdkj dh vR;f/kd o"kkZ vkSjckny QVus ls HkwL[kyu dh ?kVuk,a c<+ tkrha gSaA twu2013 dh ?kVuk ds dkj.k dsoy HkkxhjFkh unh ?kkVh esagtkj ls T;knk HkwL[kyu fØ;k'khy gq,A HkwL[kyu }kjkunh dks jksd dj cka/k@>hy dk fuekZ.k vkSj bldkVwVuk fouk'k dk dkj.k gksrk gSaA bls HkwL[kyu }kjk cuh>hy dk VwVuk dgrs gaSA

lu 1893 esa HkwL[kyu }kjk fcjgh xaxk ¼vyduankdh lgk;d unh½ HkwL[kyu }kjk jksd dj ,d fo'kky>hy ¼yxHkx 350 eh m¡ph½ dk fuekZ.k gqvk ftls xksukrky ds uke ls tkuk x;kA dqN lkyksa ckn bl HkwL[kyufufeZr >hy dk dqN fgLlk VwV x;k ftlds dkj.kJhuxj 'kgj iwjk u"V gks x;k] ftldk ty Lrj Jhuxjij yxHkx 50 eh FkkA 20 tqykbZ 1970 dks yxHkx 80 o"kZckn >hy iw.kZr% u"V gks x;h vkSj vyduank esa 911eh @feuV dh nj ls flYV o iRFkjksa dk fuoZgu gqvk]ftlls Jhuxj x<+oky ikuh esa iwjh rjg Mwc x;k vkSjÅijh xaxk ugj dk ikuh yxHkx 2 eh Åij mB x;k¼vxzoky vkSj pd 1991½A iqjk ck<+ ds fu{ksiksa ds v/;;uls ;g Kkr gqvk fd fiNys 1000 lkyksa esa 50 ls T;knkHkwL[kyu }kjk fufeZr >hyksa ds VwVus ls Hkh"k.k ck<+ vk;hgS ¼JhokLro vkSj vU; 2008 oklu vkSj vU;] 2013½]v/;;u ;s Hkh n'kkZrk gS fd bl çdkj dh ?kVukvksa dhiqujko`fr yxHkx gj 40 o"kZ ckn gqbZ gSA

Hkkjr ds igkM+h {ks=ksa esa cjlkr ds ekSle esa vDlj cgqrvf/kd gkfu gksrh gSA mÙkjk[kaM esa rks HkwL[kyu] cknyQVuk] ck<+ vkfn lkekU; ?kVuk,a gSaA bl ls çR;sd o"kZ

3

;

dsnkjukFk esa çk—frd vkink

tku eky dk cgqr uqdlku gksrk gS vkSj ;krk;kr iw.kZr%can gks tkrk gSA 16 vkSj 17 twu 2013 dks ;s cjlkrmÙkjk[kaM ij dgj cu dj VwVh ftlus yxHkx 1 yk[kls vf/kd yksxksa dks çHkkfor fd;k 5000 ls T;knk yksxksadh tkusa x;h vkSj yxHkx 30 vjc #i;s ls T;knk ewY;dh lEifr dk uqdlku gqvk ¼MksHkky vkSj vU; 2013] nqcsvkSj vU; 2013 fu#iek vkSj vU; 2014½A D;kmÙkjk[kaM esa bl vkink esa o"kkZ dk gh T;knk ;ksxnku jgk;k dqN vkSj dkj.k Hkh gSaA bu lc dks le>us ds fy,igys gesa ekSle ds ckjs esa le>uk gksxkA fgeky; {ks=dh tyok;q eq[;r% xfeZ;ksa esa ekulwu vkSj tkM+ksa esaif'peh fo{kksHk ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA ekulwu oks gok,a gksrhgSa tks fgan egklkxj vkSj vjclkxj ds nf{k.k if'perV ls pyrh gSaA ;s gok,a vius lkFk ikuh dh cwanksa dksmM+k dj ykrh gaS vkSj Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k esaHkkjh o"kkZ djrh gaSA ekulwu twu ls flrEcj rd yxHkxpkj ekg rd lfØ; jgrk gS vkSj vDVwcj ds cknif'peh fo{kksHk lfØ; gks tkrk gSaA lfnZ;ksa ds eghus esafgeky; {ks= esa cQZ dk iM+uk bl ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA

Ikzk;% ;g ns[kus dks vk;k gS dh fgeky; ds mijh {ks=esa ekulwu gok,a yxHkx twu ds var esa ;k tqykbZ dsvkjEHk esa gh igq¡prh gaS ysfdu bl o"kZ ¼2013½ esa ;s gok,atwu ds chp esa gh fgeky; {ks= esa igq¡p x;ha vkSj if'pehfo{kksHk ls Vdjk x;ha] ftl ls rhu fnu rd yxkrkjewlyk/kkj o"kkZ gqbZA bl o"kkZ ds dkj.k tks cQZ twu dsvar rd fi?kyrh Fkh oks nks fnu esa gh fi?ky x;h ftl lsikuh dh ek=k lkekU; ls dgha vf/kd c<+ x;h vkSjufn;ksa] rkykcks esa ty Hkjko gks x;kA

16 vkSj 17 twu 2013 dks dsnkjukFk ?kkVh esa Hk;adjrckgh gqbZ ftlds nks eq[; dkj.k le> esa vkrs gSaA

1½ 16 twu 2013 dks Hkkjh o"kkZ ds dkj.k ljLorh xaxk]e/kq xaxk vkSj nw/k xaxk esa cgqr ikuh vk;k tks viuslkFk feVVh] iRFkj vkSj xkn yk;k vkSj mluseUnkfduh unh dh ?kkVh dks ikV fn;k vkSj ikuhdsnkjukFk 'kgj esa cgus yxk ftlds dkj.k'kadkjkpk;Z lekf/k] Hkkjr lsok vkJe la?k] vkSj JhdsnkjukFk eafnj ds Åij ds lkjs Hkou u"V gks x,]bl ck<+ ds dkj.k jkeckM+k Hkh iwjk /oLr gks x;kA

;

12

vf'edk 2016

fp= 5% dsnkjukFk esa Hkh"k.k ck<+ ds ckn ds fp=A

2½ nwljh ?kVuk 17 twu 2013 dks çkr% ?kVh] 15 vkSj 16twu 2013 dks Hkkjh o"kkZ ds dkj.k] pksjkckM+h rky¼xk¡/kh ljksoj½ esa yxkrkj ty Hkjko gksrk jgk ftlds dkj.k rky dk ty Lrj vius fdukjksa ds mij vkx;k] ikuh ds ncko ls rky dks lgkjk nsus okys ekSjsudh nhokj VwV x;h vkSj gtkjkas yhVj ikuh 10 feuVesa gh [kkyh gks x;k vkSj bl ikuh us iwjs dsnkjukFk'kgj dks rgl ugl dj fn;k] blds çHkko ls fupysLrj esa xkSjhdqaM] lksuç;kx] dqaM] fryokMk]vxLR;eqfu vkSj #æç;kx esa Hkh"k.k rckgh ns[kus dksfeyhA

fgeky; fo'o esa lcls uwru ,oa mPpre ioZr Ja[kyk gSA

fu"d"kZ

uohu ,oa mPpre ioZr Ja[kyk gksus ds dkj.k ls fgeky;dks le;& le; ij çk—frd vkinkvksa dk lkeuk djukiM+rk gS] ftlds ifj.kke Lo#i i;kZoj.k dh yxkrkj{kfr gksrh jgh gSA gesa ;gk¡ vPNh rjg ls Kkr gS fdfgeky; dk ikfjLFkfrdh ra= cgqr tfVy gSa] tks fdHkkjrh; mi egk}hi ds frCcr ds iBkj ds uhps tkus lsgksus okyh foorZfud ,oa uwru foorZfud xfrfof/k;ksa lsmRiu gqvk gSA ikfjLFkfrdh ra= ds {k; gksus ls fgeky;ds thou ç.kkyh o i;kZoj.k dks cgqr {kfr gqbZ gSA bldsvykok tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k tks Xykscy okfeaZx gqbZgS mlls Hkh fgeky; ds ikfjLFkfrdh ra= dks cgqr gkfu gksjgh gS tSls fgeunksa ds ihNs f[kldus dh nj esa c<+ksrjhgqbZ] o"kkZ esa vfu;ferrk vk;h gS vkSj vkinkvksa esa foxr,d n'kd ls c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA

vf'edk 2016

13

çk—frd vkinkvksa ds dkj.k vkus okyh ck<+ dhvkorhZ foxr n'kdkas esa c<+h gSA vkink ds {ks=ksa esa f'k{kk orS;kjh ls ge vkink ls gksus okys uqdlku esa deh ykldrs gSaA fcuk Hkw vk—fr vkSj mudh fØ;kvks dks le>s]fodkl ds dk;ksZa esa fuekZ.k lEcU/kh dk;ksZ dks ugha djukpkfg, vFkok muesa jksd yxkuh gksxhA gesa viuhlkekftd ftEesnkjh vkSj lH;rk dks le>uk gksxkAfgeky; dh ufn;ksa esa unh izokg eki vkSj LopkfyrekSle LVs'kuksa ds ?kus usVodksaZ dk fodkl fd;k tkukpkfg, vkSj bUgsa mixzg ds ek/;e ls tksM+uk pkfg,A unhds fuEu Lrj ds VSjsl ij fuekZ.k dk;ksZ dh vuqefr ughansuh pkfg,A bu {ks=ksa dks —f"k ds fy, ç;ksx esa ykukpkfg,A vfr laonsu'khy eycs dh <ykuksa vFkkZr LØhQSu ij Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k iw.kZr% çfrcaf/kr djuk pkfg,D;ksafd Hkou fuekZ.k ds dkj.k <yku dk dks.k ifjofrZrfd;k tkrk gSA tks HkwL[kyu dks mRçsfjr djrk gSA ;slHkh tkurs gSa fd ?kus taxyks esa ifÙk;ksa o 'kk[kkvksa dsvkoj.k ls <yku dh lqj{kk vkSj tM+ksa }kjk feVVh dks

cka/kus dh {kerk ds dkj.k HkwdVko o Hkw{kj.k de gksrk gS]bl fy, ouhdj.k dk;ZØe ls ouksa o ikS/kksa dk vPNkfodkl djuk pkfg,A lM+d dk fodkl ufn;ksa ds lkFkijUrq unh ls vf/kd mpkbZ ij gksuk pkfg, vkSj xk¡o dkstksM+us ds fy, Vªad jksM dk fuekZ.k gksuk pkfg,A ;k=klhtu ds nkSjku lHkh vkikrdkyhu lqfo/kkvkas ds lkFkdbZ gSyhiSM o eksckby vLirkyksa dks fodflr djukpkfg,A Hkw&L[kyu ,oe~ mlls tqMh xfrfof/k;k¡fgeky;h {ks= esa vke gaS rFkk ;g bl {ks= esa jg jgstueky ds fy;s xaHkhj tksf[ke gSaA bl tksf[ke lsfuiVus ds fy, u dsoy HkwL[kyu ds iwokZuqeku rFkk iwoZpsrkouh ra= gsrq v/;;u dh vko';drk gS cfYd ,dlgh vkink çca/ku ;kstuk ds fodkl dh Hkh vR;Urvko';drk gSA mÙkjk[k.M esa vf/kdka'k vkoklh;lajpukvksa dh fLFkfr tehuh Roj.k dks lgus dh fLFkfr esaugh gSaA vr% bl {ks= esa HkwdEih; tksf[keksa ds lVhdvk¡dyu dh Hkh vko';drk gSA

14

Mksdjkuh ds 'kh"kZ ijlhfidk lqUnfj;ky


Tkhou esa dqN {k.k ,sls gksrs gSa tks gesa fdlh fo'ks"kmiyfC/k dh vuqHkwfr djkrs gaSA lkFk gh vkSj cM+hmiyfC/k;ksa dks izkIr djuss dk izsj.kk lzksr cu tkrs gSaA esjsthou esa og {k.k rc vk;k tc eSus Mksdjkuh fgeun dh5300 QqV dh xxupqach Å¡pkb;ksa ij vius dne j[ksA,d ,slh vf}rh; miyfC/k ftls iw.kZ djus dh vk'kkLo;a eq>s Hkh u FkhA ijUrq gekjs ny esa ,d O;fDr ,sls HkhFks ftUgksaus esjk mRlkgo/kZu djds eq>s Mksdjkuh fgeundh ml ÅWpkbZ ij igqWpus okyh igyh yM+dh cuk;kA ogO;fDr vkSj dksbZ ugha cfYd Lo;a esjs ekxZn'kZd ,oa esjsih,p Mh xkbM Mk Mh ih MkssHkky Fks ftUgksus eq>slgh ifjn`'; es Xysf'k;ksykWth dk vFkZ Hkyh Hkk¡fr crk;kAMk MksHkky dk ;g d Xysf'k;ksykWth ,d ,slkdk;Z{ks= gS ftlesa lkewfgd iz;Ru }kjk gh lQyrk izkIrgksrh gS] esjs efLr"d iVy ij vkt Hkh vafdr gSA blokD; ds Hkhrj fNik lp ,oa bldh iqf"V eSaus vkt rdds vius izR;sd {ks=&nkSjs esa ns[kh gSA vius lkFk lnSo,d drZO;fu"B ,oa le; le; ij esjk mRlkgo/kZudjus okyk ny ikdj eSa lnSo xkSjokfUor gksus dk vuqHkodjrh gw¡A

{ks= nkSjs esa O;fDr] fofHkUu izdkj ds dk;ksZa ls f?kjk ghjgrk gSA blh izdkj ,d {ks= nkSjs ds nkSjku] 13 vDVwcj2015 dks jkf= ds le; lSifyax dk nSfud dk;Z lekIrdjus ds Ik'pkr~ ge lc yksx vxys fnu iw.kZ fd;s tkusokys dk;ksZa ij fopkj dj jgs Fks A blh e/; Mk MksHkkyesjs fy, ,d vizR;kf'kr izLrko ysdj vk;sA ;g izLrkoFkk vxys fnu Mksdjkuh fgeun ij 5300 QhV dh ÅWpkbZij Luks fiV djukA lkjh jkr blh m/ksM+cqu esa dV xbZdh D;k eSa ;g dj ikÅWxh\ D;k eSa tk ikÅWxh\ D;k eSauhps okil vkÅWxh\ ,sls dbZ fopkj vk;s vkSj blh chpdc lqcg gqbZ irk gh ugha pykA lqcg 5 cts iwjk nypyus dks rS;kj Fkk lcus ] dksQykt] okfdaxfLVd vkfn rS;kj djds pyuk izkjEHk fd;kA dsfdukjs ls cksYMj dks ikj djds Xysf'k;j ds eycs eas

å å å å å

å Fku fd

å

vkbZl ,DlLukmV

pyrs gq,s ,scyslu tksu ikj djrs gq;s lj us crk;k dhge yksx ikj dj jgs gSa] tgkW ls Xysf'k;j nks Hkkxkasesa cWV tkrk gSA Xysf'k;j esa pyuk csgn gh dfBu gksrk gS[kkldj tc nks fnu igys gh rkth cQZ fxjh gksA mlij pyuk] fQj fQlyuk] fxjuk] mBuk vkSj Øhokl dksns[kdj eu esa Hk; cSBuk fd vxj iSj fQlyk rks cl ;ghabfr JhA lkFk gh eS Hkxoku ls ;gh izkFkZuk dj jgh Fkh fddke gks tk;s vkSj ;gk¡ rd vkuk lQy gks tk;sA pyrspyrs MksHkky lj dh ckrsa fd D;k ;s p<+ ik;saxh\ lqudjmudh ok.kh eas Hk; vkSj xaHkhjrk nksuks dk vkHkkl gqvkAlR; rks ;g Fkk fd eS Hkh Hkhrj gh Hkhrj Hk;Hkhr gks xbZFkh rFkk esjs eu es bl dk;Z dks fl) dj ikus ds izfr dbZloky mBus yxsA

bl vkjksg.k ds nkSjku esjh dbZ ckj lk¡l VwVh] eqWglw[kk] I;kl yxh ijUrq lcds izsj.kknk;d 'kCn eq>s gjckj fgEer rFkk vkxs c<+us dk izksRlkgu nsrs FksA gjfdlh dh mEehn o ,d vPNh ioZrkjksfg.kh cuus dhvfHkyk"kk us eq>s varrksXkRok ml ÅWpkbZ ij igqWpk ghfn;kA og¡k igqWpus ds ckn ,slk yx jgk Fkk fd vkt eSlkWros vkleku esa igqWp xbZ gw¡A ml fnu [kq'kh dh dksbZlhek u FkhA ml fnu lgh ek;uksa es igkM+ dh csVh gksusdk xkSjo izkIr gqvkA fny esa ges'kk dqN vyx djus dhreUuk vkSj ges'kk bu igkMkas es p<+us dk liuk vktgdhdr es cnyrs gq,s ns[kdj esjh vkW[kks esa [kq'kh dsvkWlw fudy vk,A ml txg igqWpus ds ckn lkjh FkdkuNwearj gks xbZ vkSj vkxs c<+us dk eu djus yxkA ihNseqMdj ns[kk rks fo'okl gh ugh gqvk dh ;gkW rd vkf[kjigq¡p dSls x;s\ vkt fQj Hk; ds vkxs ,d fo'okl dhthr gqbZA fdlh us lp gh dgk gSaA

Þchp jkLrs ls ykSVus dk dksbZ Qk;nk ugh D;ksafdykSVus ij vkidks mruh gh nwjh r; djuh iMsxh] ftruhnwjh r; djus ij vki y{; rd igq¡p ldrs gSaAß

dk;Z lQyrkiwoZd fl) gks tkus dh [kq'kh lHkh dhvk¡[kks esa lkQ fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhA lcus bl miyfC/k dks

bZ y ,s

vf'edk 2016

15

vf'edk 2016

[kwc [kq'kh ls iznf'kZr fd;kA rHkh vpkud ls ekSle[kjkc gksus yxk rks lj ds funZs'k ds vuqlkj lHkh csldSai dh vksj izLFkku djus yxsA jkLrs esa vkrs gq, ,dtxg feydj lcus pk; cukbZ vkSj okil dSai es igqWpx;sA vkrs oDr eu eas cl ,d cM+h [kq'kh vkSjvkRefo'okl Fkk rFkk vius xq: ds ekxZn'kZu ls rFkk

vius lkfFk;kas ds izksRlkgu ls] bl nqXkZe dk;Z dks iw.kZ djikus ds fy, lcds izfr /kU;okn dk Hkko FkkA var esa] eSa;g dguk pkgrh gq¡ fd bl nqfu;k es vlaHko dqN Hkhugha] ge oks lc dj ldrs gSa] tks ge lksp ldrs gSa vkSjge oks lc lksp ldrs gS tks vkt rd geus ugh lkspkA

16

Hkw&pqEcdRoxkSre jkor


fp= 1% pqEcdh; {ks= dh fo”ks’krka,A

pqEcdh; cy ¼ ½ ,oa blds ?kVd fp= 2 ds vuqlkjiznf”kZr fd;s tkrs gSaA pqEcdh; cy ds {kSfrt ?kVd dhfn'kk HkkSxkSfyd mÙkjh /kqzo ls tks dks.k cukrh gS mlspqEcdh; fnDikr~ dgrs gaSA mlh rjg {kSfrt ry lspqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk ds e/; ds dks.k dh pqEcdh;voufr ;k eSXusfVd bufDyus'ku dgrs gSa ¼fp= 2½A iFohds pqEcdh; {ks= dh rhozrk yxHkx 65000 gksrh gS] ;g{ks= bruk de gS fd gekjs vkl ikl nSfud iz;ksx dhoLrq,a Hkh Hkw&pqEcdh; {ks= ls T;knk rhozrk dk pqEcdh;{ks= mRiUu djrh gSaA rqyukRed v/;;u ds fy, lkfj.kh1 dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

nSfud iz;ksx es vkus okys bysDVªWkfud midj.k lsmRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= mPp vko`fr okys gksrs gaSA tSls tSlsge midj.k ls nwj tkrs gSa rks budh rhozrk de gksrhtkrh gSA vUrjkZ’Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh nSfudbysfDVªd o bysDVªkfud midj.k ls mRiUu pqEcdh;{ks= dh rhozrk midj.k ls 30 lseh dh nwjh ij 100ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkfg,A

tSlk fd ge tkurs gaS i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa¼25000 ls 65000 rd½ Hkw e?; js[kk ls /kzqzqokas dhrjQ c<+us ls 25000 ls 65000 rd cnyko vkrkgSA Ik`Foh ds pkjksa vkSj pqEcdh; {ks= dh mifLFkfr dkeq[; dkj.k i`Foh ds xHkZ es gh fufgr gSA i`Foh ds dsUnz lsckgj dh rjQ yxHkx 3486 fdeh- f=T;k dk xksyh;Hkkx Hkw&ØksM ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ftlds izFke1216 fdeh f=T;k ds xksyh; Hkkx dks vkarfjd Hkw&ØksM

F

F

nT

T

nT nT

nT nT

&

&

μ

pqEcdRo ij tc Hkh ppkZ djus ds fy;s bl fo’k; dksmBkrs gSa rks Ldwyh fnuksa esa pqEcd ds lkFk fd;s x;siz;ksx ;kn vkus yxrs gSaA ,d NksVh ls NM+ pqEcd opqEcdh; lwbZ dh lgk;rk ls pqEcdh; cy js[kk;sa[khapdj ;g LFkkfir djuk fd pqEcdh; {ks= dh js[kk,amÙkjh /kzqzqo ls ckgj vkSj nf{k.kh /kzqo ij izos'k djrh gqbZizrhr gksrh gS ijUrq fdlh Hkh LFkku ij feyrh ugh gSaANM pqEcd ds ikl pqEcdh; cy js[kk;as ikl&ikl o NMpqEcd ls nwj tkus ij ;s pqEcdh; cy js[kk;sa nwj&nwj gkstkrh gSa ¼fp= 1½A blh izdkj pqEcd vkSj pqEcdh; xq.kksals lHkh Hkyha Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gaSA tSls fd fdlh NM+ pqEcddks Lora=rk iwoZd yVdkus ij ;g lnSo mÙkj&nf{k.kfn'kk esa Bgjrk gSA pqEcd ds leku /kzqoksa es izfrd’kZ.k ,oavleku /kzqoksa esa vkd’kZ.k gksrk gSA pqEcd ds ,dy /kzqo dkvfLrRo ugha gksrk gS ¼fp= 1½A

ftl izdkj NM+ pqEcd ds pkjksa vksj pqEcdh; {ks=gksrk gS mlh izdkj iFoh ds pkjksa vksj Hkh pqEcdh; {ks=gksrk gSA ;|fi iFoh dh pqEcdh; {ks= dh rhozrk vR;Urde gksrh gSA ;g Hkw&pwEcdh; {ks=] ml NM+ pqEcd dspqEcdh; {ks= ds cjkcj gS tks iFoh ds dsUnz ls xqtjrk gSrFkk iFoh ds ?k.kZu v{k ls orZeku esa yxHkx 10 ij >qdkgqvk gSA bl NM+ pqEcd ds fljs /kjrh dh lrg dks tgk¡ij dkVrs gSa mUgsa pqEcdh; /kzqo dgrs gSaA mÙkj dh rjQbafxr djus okys dks mÙkjh /kzqo rFkk nf{k.k dh rjQ bafxrdjus okys nf{k.kh /kzqo dgrs gSaA pqEcdh; /kzqo ,oe~HkkSxksfyd /kzqo fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs gSa fdlh LFkku ij dqy

°

vf'edk 2016

17

vf'edk 2016

fp= 2% pqEcdh; {ks= ds ?kVdA

Lkkfj.kh 1% pqEcdh; rhoz=k

Øe lå oLrq dk uke rhu lseh dh nwjh ij Rkhl lseh dh nwjh ij 1 ehå dh nwjh ij

( T)μ A

1 gsvj Mªk;j 6 & 2000 0-001 & 7 0-01 & 0-032 bysfDVªd 'ksoj 15 & 1500 0-08 & 9 0-01 & 0-033 osD;we Dyhuj 200 & 800 2 & 20 0-13 & 24 ¶yksjkslsUV ykbZV 40 & 400 0-5 & 2 0-02 & 0-255 ekbØksoso vksou 73 & 200 4 & 8 0-25 & 0-66 iksVsZcy jsfM;ks 16 & 56 1 0-017 bysfDVªd vksou 1 & 50 0-15 & 0-5 0-01 & 0-0648 Okkf'kax e'khu 0-8 & 50 0-15 & 3 0-01 & 0-159 vk;ju 8 & 30 0-12 & 0-3 0-01 & 0-0310 fM'k ok'kj 3-5 & 20 0-6 & 3 0-07 & 0-311 dEI;wVj 0-5 & 30 0-011 &12 jsfÝtjsVj 0-5 & 1-7 0-01 & 0-25 0-0113 dyj Vhoh 2-5 & 50 0-04 & 2 0-01 & 0-15

<

<

<

lHkh vk¡dMs fofdj.k lwj{kk ds fy, QsMsjy vkWfQl] teZuh 1999 rFkk bUVjusV ls fy;s x;s gSaA

;g pqEcdh; {ks= IkFoh lrg ij fjdkMZ fd;s x;spqEcdh; {ks= dk eq[; Hkkx gksrk gSA iFoh lrg ij fjdkMZfd;s x;s pqEcdh; {ks= esa vU; Hkkx] Hkw&iiZVh ij /kkfRod[kfutksa ds dkj.k mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= rFkk vk;uksLQs;jesa vkosf'kr d.kksa dh xfr ds dkj.k mRiUu fo?kqr /kkjk,¡,oe~ rn~uqlkj mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= dk gksrk gSA

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd iFoh ds pkjks vkSj pqEcdh;{ks= dk vkoj.k gksrk gSA ;g vkoj.k fp= 4 ds vuqlkjgksrk gSA iFoh ds lw;Z ls fudyus okys vkosf'kr d.kksa dhvk¡/kh ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= dk lw;Z dh rjQ dk vkoj.kiFoh dh rjQ ncko eglwl djrk gS ftlds dkj.k ;glarqyu gsrq iFoh dh rjQ ,d lhek rd nc tkrk gSAbl lhek dks esXusVksIkkl dgrs gSa rFkk ;g iFoh ls iFohf=T;k ds nl xquk nwj rd gksrk gS tcfd lw;Z dh foijhrfn'kk eas iFoh ds Hkw&Hkkx ds pkjks vkSj ;g iw¡N dh rjgyxHkx iFoh f=T;k ds lkS xqus rd QSy tkrk gSA blizdkj iw¡N dh rjg QSys bl {ks= dks esXusVksVsy dgrs gSaA

ijUrq loky ;g mBrk gS fd i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks=dk gekjs fy;s D;k mi;ksx gS rFkk mlds vkoj.k dk D;kykHk gSA rks ;gk¡ mYys[k djuk vko';d gS fd i`Foh dkpqEcdh; {ks= dk vkoj.k gh gesa lw;Z ls vkus okys

dgrs gaSA blds ckn ds yxHkx 2270 fdeh pkSMkbZ dsxksykdkj oy; dks ckgjh ¼okg;~½ ØksM dgrs gaS A;gk¡ ij fLFkr lHkh /kkfRod inkFkZ rjy voLFkk esa gSAbl LFkku ij rki] nkc ,oe~ inkFkksZa ds la;kstu easifjorZu ds dkj.k laogu /kkjk, mRiUu gksrh gaSA i`Fohdk vius v{k ij ?kw.kZu Hkh bu laogu /kkjkvks dks cyiznku djrk gSA bUgha laogu /kkjkvksa ds dkj.k i`Foh dkpqEcdh; {ks= mRiUu gksrk gS ¼fp= 3½A

¼fp= 3½

18

xYi ij vk/kkfjr fQYe Þn dksjß ns[kh tk ldrh gSA

i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= dk nqljk egRoiw.kZ vuqiz;ksxusohxs'ku esa gSA lewnzh ;k=kvksa esa] gokbZ tgkt dh ;k=kesa o mixzg izs{k.k ds fy;s fn'kk Kku ds fy, pqEcdh;{ks= rFkk blds xq.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bldsvHkko esa D;k ge viuh bu ;k=kvksa esa lgh xarO; rdiagqpus dh mEehn dj ldrs gSa\ 'kk;n ughaA

ge iqu% Hkw&pqEcdh; {ks= ds vU; xq.kksa dh rjQ c<+rsgaSA iFoh ds fdlh ,d fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= le; dslkFk ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA ;g ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkkueas tkus ls Hkh ifjofrZr gksrk gSA ;g ifjorZu nks izdkj dsgksrs gS ¼1½ vYidkfyd ifjorZu ¼2½ nh?kZdkfydifjorZuA vYidkfyd ifjorZuksa esa nSfud vkofÙk okysfopj.k rFkk rhoz lkSj vk¡/kh ds dkj.k gksus okys fopj.kvkrs gSaA ;s fopj.k vk;uksLQs;j es lw;Z ds dkj.k cuus

fp= 3% i`Foh dh vkarfjd lajpuk o ØksM+ esa laogu /kkjkvksa dk js[kk fp=A

gkfudkjd fofdj.kksa ls cpkrk gSA ;g lkSj gok esa vkusokys vkosf'kr d.kksa dks jksddj i`Foh dh vkstksu ijr dksuqdlku ls cpkrk gS vkSj vkstksu ijr i`Foh easgkfudkjd fofdj.kksa dk izos'k jksdrh gSA ;fn dHkh ;gns[kuk gks fd bl pqEcdh; {ks= ds vkoj.k ds u jgus iji`Foh ij D;k leL;k gks ldrh gS rks gkyhoqM dh foKku

lkfj.kh&2 pqEcdh; {ks= ds v/;;u dk fodkl ØeA%

f}rh; 'kÙkkCnh ¼ch-lh ½ % fn'kk ku ds fy, pkbuht }kjk yksMLVksu dk iz;ksx

ckjgoha 'krkCnh ¼, Mh ½ % ;qjksi es pqEcdh; dEikl dk iz;ksx

lu~ 1600 % fofy;e fxycVZ }kjk fy[kh x;h iqLrd ^Mh&esXusVs ds :i esa igyk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k

lu~ 1640 % LohMu esa igyh ckj ykSg vlLd dks [kkstus esa pqEcdh; izs{k.kksa dk iz;ksx

lu~ 1870 % Rofjr ,oe~ lVhd pqEcdh; izs{k.kksa ds fy;s Fkkysu vkSj VkbcxZ e'khuks dk fodkl

1960 ds n'kd esa % vR;Ur laosnu'khy izdk'k'kks"kd pqEcdh; ekih dk gokbZ pqEcdh; losZ gsrq fodkl

Lku~ 1970 ds n'kd esa % nks lsaljksa ds e/; {ks=kUrj ekius ds fy;s pqEcdh; izo.krkekih dk fodklA

Lku~ 1840 ls Hkw&pqEcdh; oS/k'kkyk esa ijh{k.kLku~ 1960 ls mixzg vk/kkfjr izs{k.k

1979] 1980 & esxlsV mixzg1999 & vkjsLVsM mixzg2000 & psEi mixzg

- K

- -

fp= 4% i`Foh ds ckgj pqEcdh; vkoj.kA

vf'edk 2016

19

vf'edk 2016

fp= 5% ?kqÙkq] HkVokjh rFkk vkfncnzh esa dqy pqEcdh; {ks= dk fjdkMZA

okys Mk;useks ds dkj.k gksrs gSa rFkk buesa Hkh le;] ekSleo LFkku ds dkj.k ifjorZu lnSo ,d tSls ugh jgrs gSaAfp=&5 esa cgqizkpfyd oS/k'kkyk ?kqÙkw] HkVokjh rFkkvkfncnzh esa LFkkfir pqEcdRoekih ds rhu ekg ds fjdkMZiznf'kZr fd;s x;s gSa ,d o’kZ ;k vf/kd le;kof/k dksvkofÙk ds ifjorZu nh?kZZdkfyu ifjorZuksa dh Js.kh esa vkrsgaSA budk eq[; dkj.k iFoh dh ?kw.kZu xfr esa fHkUurk gksukgSA iz'u~ mBrk gS fd bu ifjorZuksa dk v/;;u D;ksavko';d gS ,oe~ blds D;k ykHk gaSA rks ljy 'kCnksa esatokc gS fd vkt dk fMftVy ;qx tks fd lSVsykbV ijfuHkZj gS] ml lsVsykbV dks lqpk: :Ik ls dk;Z djus dsfy;s pqEcdh; {ks= es ifjorZuksa dh tkudkjh ,oe~ budhHkfo";ok.kh vko';d gS vkSj ;g dk;Z vUrfj{k ekSle dhfuxjkuh esa vkrk gSA

Hkw&pqEcdh; {ks= esa ifjorZu dk mi;ksx Hkw&HkkSfrdh;K Hkw&xHkhZ; tkudkjh ,df=r djus esa Hkh djrsgSA Hkw&pqEcdh; {ks= esa gksus okys ifjorZu iFoh dh pêkuksaij izsj.k fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij fo?kqr&pqEcdh; {ks= mRiUudjrs gaSA iFoh dh lrg ij fo/kqr&pqEcdh; {ks= dk izs{k.kfy;k tkrk gSA bu fofHkUu txgksa ij fy;s x;s Ikzs{k.kksa dks

eSDlosy ds fo/kqr PkqEcdh; fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij vkdyudjus ij fofHkUu xgjkb;ksa ij fLFkr pêkuksa ds fo|qr xq.ktSls pkydrk] izfrjks/kdrk dk vuqeku izkIr gksrk gSAfdlh {ks= fo'ks’k dh fofHkUu txgksa ds izs{k.kksa ls izkIrvuqekuksa ds vk/kkj ij ml {ks= dh 'kSy lajpuk foorZfudho Hkw xfrdh dks le>us dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA

,d vU; izdkj ds Hkw&pqEcdh; losZ{k.k esa fofHkUuLFkkuksa ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk izs{k.k ysrs gaS rFkk bu izs{k.kksals Hkw&pwEcdh; {ks= ds eq[; Hkkx rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= esavk;uksfLQjd ;ksxnku dks fofHkUu fof/k;ksa ls vyx djml {ks= dh fo'ks’krk dks Hkw&IkiZVh esa fLFkr 'ksyksa dspqEcdh; xq.kksa dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA ftlls LFkkufo'ks’k dh 'kSy lajpuk] foorZfudh dks le>us es lgk;rkfeyrh gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gaS fd Hkw&pqEcdh; {ks= udsoy gekjs vfLrRo cfYd thou ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esagekjs fy;s mi;ksxh gaSA

;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd mijksDr laf{kIr fooj.k esgeus iqjkpqEcdRo o 'kSy pqEcdRo fo’k; ij ppkZ ughadh gSA bu ij Hkfo’; eas ,d foLrqr ys[k dh laHkkouk gSA

&

20

Ikzd`fr dk Lo:Ikny cgknqj [k=h

Mhy] nsgjknwu

Laklkj esa fLFkr fofHkUu izdkj ds isM&ikS/ks]bZBykrh&cy[kkrh ufn;k¡&>jus] >hy&rkykc muesaf[kyrs dey] iu&pfDd;k¡] dksYgw] cSy xkfM;ksa dhpjpjkgV] >wysnkj iqy] lk¡Ik dh rjg jsaxrh ixMafM;k¡]lqanj >ksifM;k¡] ?kus taxy] lkou ds >wys] vke&ihiydh gjh&Hkjh ,oa cQZ ls <dh igkfM;k¡] fofHkUu izdkj dsIk'kq&i{kh mudh dkSykgV&pgpgkgV] vFkkg leqnz rFkkmldh xgjkbZ mlesa fopj.k djrh jax fcjaxh eNfy;k¡,oa fo'kkydk; tho&tarq] ?kj&vk¡xu esa pgy&igydjrs ikyrw tkuoj ,oa Ik{kh] lqcg ds lwjt dh ykyfdj.kas] pk¡n dh pk¡nuh] uhyk vkdk'k] rkjksa dhfVefVekgV] cjlkr esa meM+rs ckny] fjef>e cjlkr]izkr% dky dh eksrh tSlh vksl dh cw¡nsa] rirh xehZ]d¡id¡ikrh lnhZ] 'kqn~/k gokvksa ds FkisMs] cgqjaxh Qy&Qwymudh lqxa/k&egd] ygygkrs [ksr] pkjksa rjQ gfj;kyhgh gfj;kyh lkFk esa LoLFk thou ds fy, 'kqn~/k ok;q] ty,oa HkkstuA Þ;gh rks izd`fr dk Lo:i gSßA

f'k'kq ds tUe ysus ds lkFk gh izd`fr mldk [kqydjLokxr djrh gSA tUe ysrs le; ckyd izd`fr ds Lo:Ikls fcYdqy vufHkK gksrk gSA og /khjs&/khjs Loa; dksizd`fr ds vuqlkj <kyuk 'kq: djrk gS vkSj 'kh?kz ghizd`fr ds vuq:Ik <y Hkh tkrk gSA mlds ckn og lkjhftanxh bl izd`fr ds ifjos'k esa jg dj xqtkjrk gSAigys ckyiu] tokuh rFkk var esa cw<+k gks dj blh ç—frds vkxks'k esa lek tkrk gSA vius thoudky esa euq";izd`fr ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ls :c: gksrk gSA og blizd`fr dk vkuan fdl izdkj ;k fdrus le; ds fy, mBkikrk gS] bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd mlds pkjksa rjQ dhizd`fr dk Lo:Ik dSlk gS] ysfdu cMs vQlksl dh ckr gSfd vkt euq"; izd`fr ds mlh Lo:Ik ,oa ifjos'k dksrgl&ugl djus esa tqVk gqvk gS ftlesa jgdj mlusviuh lkjh ftanxh xqtkjuh gksrh gSA

eq>s esjs cpiu dh izd`fr ls tqMh+ izR;sd ?kVuk T;ksafd R;ksa ;kn gS] eq>s ;kn gS cpiu esa tc ge ?kj ds

vkl&ikl dh ufn;ksa esa tkrs Fks] ftlesa vusdksa izdkj dhjax&fcjaxh eNfy;k¡ rSjk djrh FkhaA lkFk gh ufn;ksa dsvkl&ikl fofHkUu izdkj ds cr[k] tyeqxhZ] cxqyk]eqxkZch] xksrk[kksj i{kh fopj.k fd;k djrs FksA izd`fr dsml vkuan dk etk ysus ds fy, dbZ ckj rks ge Ldwy lsHkh vuqifLFkr gks tk;k djrs FksA ml le; ;fn dksbZtkuoj ej tkrk Fkk rks unh fdukjs mls [kkus ds fy,jax&fcjaxh rFkk lqugjs dyxh okys fxn~/k rFkk phy,df=r gksrs Fks] ftudks fugkjus dk etk gh dqN vkSjFkkA blds vykok [ksy&[kfygkuksa esa eksj dk ukpuk]cqycqy dk xkuk] c;k Ik{kh dk ?kkslyk cukuk] jax&fcjaxhfrrfy;ksa dk Qwyksa esa eaMjkuk] dks;y dh dw&dw]vkl&ikl ds taxyksa esa tkuojksa dk fpYykuk] izkr% dkyeqxsZ dh ck¡x] dkSoksa dh dk¡o&dk¡o] if{k;ksa dh pgpgkgV]xk;&HkSalksa dk jEHkkuk] HksM&cdfj;ksa dh vkoktsa] dqRrsdk HkkSaduk] fcYyh dh E;k¡m&E;k¡m ?kj&vk¡xu esa xkSjs;ksadh pw¡&p¡w] dcwrjksa dh xwVj&xwa vkfn yxrk gS tSls dydh gh ckr gksA fQj lkspus ij foo'k gks tkrk gw¡ fdizd`fr ds os utkjs vkSj 'kksjxqy vkf[kj dgka xqe gks x,\

ml le; ge la;qDr ifjokj esa jgrs Fks vkSjNksVs&NksVs ?kkl&Qwl ds ?kj gqvk djrs Fks] ysfdu mudhlkQ&lQkbZ vkSj ltkoV ns[krs gh curh FkhA ek¡ lqcgmBdj ?kj ds vanj vkSj vk¡xu esa xkscj ls yhikbZ djrha]?kj ds pkjksa rjQ >kMw yxkrha] ?kj ds eq[; njokts dksQwyksa ls ltkrh vkSj iwtk&ikB djrh FkhaA fQj xk; HkSlksadk nw/k fudkyrh rFkk mudks ?kkl&pkjk nsrh rFkkmudh lsok ,sls djrh Fkha tSls os muds vius cPps gksaAfQj pwYgk tykrha rFkk xje&xje jksfV;k¡ lsad djrkth lCth ds lkFk gesa ijkslrh FkhaA mij ls ,d Xyklxje nw/k fiykrh FkhA ?kj ds lHkh dke fuiVkus dslkFk&lkFk o taxy ls ?kkl vkSj ydfM;k¡ Hkh dkV djykrh FkhaA nsj jkr rd dke esa gh O;Lr jgrh FkhaA fQjle; fudkydj gesa yksfj;k¡ Hkh lqukrh Fkha ysfdu mudspsgjs ij ges'kk ,d vkHkk] ped vkSj eqLdqjkgV gksrh Fkh]

vf'edk 2016

21

vf'edk 2016

larqf"V dh ,d >yd gksrh FkhA eSaus mudks dHkh HkhFkdrs vkSj fujk'k gksrs gq, ugha ns[kkA

esjs ekul&iVy ij vkt Hkh esjs cpiu dh izR;sdrLohj T;ksa dh R;ksa gSA ek¡ dk vk¡[k fn[kkuk fQjeqLdqjkdj gesa nqykjuk rFkk mudh xksn esa flj j[kdjysVuk] pkpk&pkph dk izseHkko ls MkaVuk&QVdkjuk]ikik dk cukoVh xqLlk vkSj I;kj] HkkbZ&cguksa dh {kf.kdyM+kbZZ] fQj ,d nwljs ds izfr Lusg] nknk&nknh dhudyh >YykgV] rkÅ&rkbZ dk ckj&ckj FkIiM+ fn[kkuk]cqvk dk HkkSag rkuuk] ukuk&ukuh dh Lusge;h eerk rFkkleLr ifjokj dk ,d nwljs ds izfr lEeku] leiZ.k vkSj,d lEiq.kZ lqj{kk dh Hkkouk vkfn yxrk gS tSls dksbZxgjk [okc FkkA eq>s ;kn gS bruk cMk ifjokj vkSj jgusds fy, dPps ?kj ds nks dejs] ysfdu fQj Hkh gesa dHkheglwl gh ugha gksrk Fkk fd gekjk ?kj NksVk gSA dPps ?kjesa jgrs gq, Hkh xehZ ds fnuksa esa ia[ks dh gok dk rFkk tkM+ksaesa ghVj dk vkHkkl gksrk FkkA cpiu esa ge lHkhHkkbZ&cgu ek= ,d ykyVsu ;k fpeuh dh jks'kuh esa Hkhbl izdkj vklkuh ls i<kbZ dj ysrs Fks tSls [kwc lkjhV~;wc ykbZV dh jks'kuh ds uhpss cSB dj i<+ jgs gksaA ,slkyxrk gS tSls ;s dy dh gh ckr gksA

cpiu esa 'kjkjr djuk] uaxs ik¡o Ldwy tkuk] cjlkresa Hkhxuk] dhpM+ esa yksV&iksV gksuk] rkykcksa esa ugkuk]HkSal dh ihB ij lokjh djuk] lkbZfdy pykuk] isM+ dhNk¡o esa ysVuk] xqYyh&MaMk [ksyuk] nwljksa ds daps thruk]diMs dh xsan mNkyuk] cslje ds MaMs ls gkdh [ksyuk]jkeyhyk ,oa dBiqryh dk [ksy ns[kuk] ufn;ksa esa rSjukvkSj eNyh idM+uk] irax mM+kuk] vkbZl&ikbZl rFkkpksj&flikgh dk [ksy [ksyuk] dcM~Mh rFkk dq'rh esa ,dnwljs dks iNkM+uk] [kks&[kks [ksyuk] uhe&ccwy dh VguhrksMdj nk¡r lkQ djuk vkfn vkt Hkh eq>s iw.kZ :i ls;kn gSaA ;s lHkh cky&ØhM+k;sa gesa iw.kZ :Ik ls izd`fr lstksM+rh Fkha ftlls gekjk 'kjhj cfy"V gksdj izd`fr dsgj FkisM+s dks vklkuh ls lg ysrk Fkk vkSj chekfj;k¡ gekjsutnhd Hkh ugha QVd ikrh FkhaA ijarq vkt gefnu&izfrfnu buls nwj gksrs tk jgs gSaA vkt ds cPpksa esadgk¡ gS bruk le; fd os bu izkd`frd phtksa dk Hkjiwjvkuan mBk ldsa- mudk cpiu rks ek= cLrksa ds cks> rysnc dj jg x;k gSA

eq>s vPNh rjg ;kn gS] ml le; xk¡o ds lHkh yksxpkgs os fdlh Hkh /keZ ds gksa ,d nwljs dh enn ds fy,ges'kk rRij jgrs FksA cMs yksx fnu Hkj [ksr&[kfygkuksaesa dke djus ds ckn viuh FkdkoV dks nwj djus ds fy,jkst 'kke dks xk¡o ds fdlh ,d ?kj esa ,df=r gksrs Fks]gqDds dk etk ysus ds lkFk&lkFk vkil esa lykg&e'ojk djrs Fks] fnu Hkj ds vius dk;ksZ dh ppkZ djrs],d nwljs dh ijs'kkuh ds ckjs esa iwNrs vkSj ru]eu]/ku lsmls nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djrs FksA eSaus mu yksxksa dksdHkh Hkh tkfr&/keZ dh ppkZ djrs ugha lqukA ml le;ds yksxksa dk HkkbZpkjk rks ns[krs gh curk FkkA

cqtqxkasZ dh vkKk dks lj vk¡[kkas ij j[kdj lEekufd;k tkrk FkkA muds gj vkns'k dks rqjUr fuHkk;k tkrkFkk] ftlls cqtqxZ yksx Loa; dks xkSjo'kkyh ,oa iw.kZ :Ikls lqjf{kr le>rs Fks] lkFk gh thou ds izfr mRlkfgrjgrs Fks] cw<+s yksx Hkh Loa; dks fcYdqy LoLFk le>rs FksvkSj nh?kkZ;q dks izkIr djrs FksA chekfj;k¡ tSls dkslksa nwjFkhaA lkFk gh ml le; ds yksxksa esa bZekunkjh] vuq'kklu]leiZ.k] n;k] izse] eerk] deZBrk vkSj ,d nwljs ds fy,enn dh Hkkouk dwV&dwV dj Hkjh gksrh FkhA os yksxnqljksa ds nq[k dks viuk nq[k rFkk nqljksa dh [kq'kh dksviuh [kq'kh le>rs FksA

ml le; ds R;ksgkjksa dh /kwe] esyksa ds utkjs]'kknh&fookg dh jkSud] <ksy&uxkMksa dh FkiFkikgVvkt Hkh esjs efLr"d esa ,dne rjksrkt+k gSA eq>s fcYdqy;kn gS tc n'kgjs dk R;ksgkj vkrk Fkk rks gekjs xk¡o esa,d eghuk igys gh bldh rS;kfj;k¡ 'kq: gks tk;k djrhFkhA jkeyhyk dk vk;kstu gekjs xk¡o esa gh lEiUUk gksrkFkkA ftls yxHkx pkj&ik¡p xk¡o feydj iwjk djrs FksABaMh jkrksa esa eqaxQyh pckrs gq, jkeyhyk ns[ksus dk etkvktdy ds flusek ?kjksa esa dgk¡ feyrk gS\ nl fnu rddykdkjksa n~okjk jke ds tUe ls ysdj jke ouokl rdds vusdksa n`';ksa dks bl izdkj pfjrkFkZ fd;k tkrk FkktSls lHkh ?kVuk,¡ dkYifud u gksdj okLrfod gksaAftlds lkFk gh xk¡o esa ,d cgqr cMs esys dk Hkh vk;kstugksrk FkkA ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj ds >wys rFkk dbZ izdkj dsO;atuksa dh NksVh&NksVh nqdkusa yxkbZ tkrh Fkh tSlsvke&ikiM+] vkfnA xk¡o ds lHkh L=h&iq:"k rFkk cPpsbu O;atuksa dk c<+&p<+dj vkuan fy;k djrs FksA ml

22

le; dk gksyh&feyu rks vuks[kk gh gqvk djrk FkkAfgUnq gks ;k eqlyeku ;k fQj flD[k&bZlkbZ lHkh ,dnwljs dks vkil esa xqyky yxkdj I;kj ls bl izdkj xysfeyrs Fks tSls os ,d gh ifjokj ds lnL; gksaA /keZ rFkktkfr ds HksnHkko dk nwj&nwj rd dgha ukeksfu'kku ughaFkkA bZn ds fnu eqlyeku HkkbZ;ksa ds lkFk xys feydjmuds ?kjksa esa cuh gqbZ flaobZ dks [kkus dk etk gh dqNvkSj gksrk FkkA

ysfdu tc cpiu dh ;knksa ls fudydj ckgj vkrkgw¡ vkSj vkt ds okrkoj.k dks ns[krk gw¡ rks ,d ?kqVu lhgksrh gSA ,slk yxrk gS tSls ge ftanxh dh gj ckthgkjrs tk jgs gSaA vkt tc vius pkjksa rjQ utj nkSMkrkgw¡ rks gj rjQ mtM+k gqvk lk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj ;glkspus ij foo'k gks tkrk gw¡ fd vkf[kj dgk¡ xbZ /kjrhdh oks gfj;kyh] dgk¡ gSa os gjs&Hkjs ou&taxy\unh&ukys lw[k pqds gSa] >jus Hkh cgus can gks x, gSa] dghaugha fn[krs >hy&rykc vkSj muesa f[kyrs dey\vkf[kj dgk¡ gSa jax&fcjaxh eNfy;k¡\ ugha fn[krs eqxkZch]tyeqfxZ;ka] cÙk[k] xksrk[kksj i{khA dgk¡ pys x, oslqugjs dyxh okys fxn~/k] u`R; djrs eksj\ dgk¡ gSa xkSjs;ksadh pw¡&pw¡] dcwrjksa dh xwVj&xw¡] eqxsZ dh ck¡x] dkSoksa dhdk¡o&dk¡o] dks;y dh dw&dw vkfn\ vkf[kj dgk¡ vks>ygks xbZ NksVh&NksVh >ksifM+;k¡] jsaxrh gqbZ ixMafM;k¡]>wysnkj iqy] cQZ ls <+dh igkfM+;k¡] lkou ds >wys]vke&ihiy dh Nk¡o] cgqjaxh Qwy mudh egd&[kq'kcw]ygygkrs gq, [ksr] /kjrh dh oks gfj;kyh] iupfDd;k¡]dksYgw rFkk ?kj&vk¡xu esa fopj.k djrs Ik'kq&i{kh\ ;gk¡rd fd uhyk vkdk'k] lwjt dh ykfyek] pk¡n dhpk¡nuh] rkjksa dh fVefVekgV Hkh vc 'kk;n /kwfey iM+pqds gSaA

NksVs&NksVs xk¡o vc 'kgj esa cny x,] >ksifM+;k¡ cM+hbZekjrksa esa rcnhy gks xbZ] dksYgw rFkk iupfDd;ksa usdkj[kkuksa dk :Ik us fy;k] cSyxkfM+;kas ds LFkku ij vcfofHkUu izdkj ds okgu vk x,] lekt dks tkfr&/keZ dsuke ij ck¡Vk tkus yxk] la;qDr ifjokj vc ,dkdh gksx,] fj'rs /ku&nkSyr ds cks> rys nc x,] HkkbZpkjs usbZ";kZ rFkk izfrLi/kkZ dk :Ik ys fy;k] xk¡o dh jkeyhykvc cM+s fFk;Vjksa esa fn[kk;h tkus yxh] dBiqryh ds [ksyvkSj ukVd Vh0oh0 pSuyksa esa :ikUrfjr gks x,] lkai dh

rjg jsaxrh ixMafM;ka vc 'kgjh jksM+ cu x,] >wysnkjiqy cMs+&cMs+ fczt cu x,A gfj;kyh dh txg dpjsvkSj dwMs ds <sj fcN x,A pkjksa rjQ xanxh QSy xbZ vkSjokrkoj.k cqjh rjg ls iznwf"kr gks x;kA cM+h fcMEcuk gSfd dHkh Hkjiwj lekt ds nk;js esa jgus okys yksx vktdsoy vius rd gh lhfer gksdj jg x,A lkFk gh ek¡ dhyksfj;ksa ds cnys Msd vkSj E;qftd flLVe ds vk/kqfudxkus lqus tkus yxsA nknk&nknh dk I;kj] HkkbZ&cgu ds>xMs] ikik dh Mk¡V] pkp&pkph dk FkIiM+ fn[kkuk]ukuk&ukuh dk Lusg vkfn vkt bfrgkl ds iUus cudjjg x,A

Ckpiu dh oks 'kjkjr] 'kksf[k;k¡ ,oa papyrk vkt dscPpksa esa ugha fn[krhA irk ugha D;ksa os lge ls x, gSAHkSal dh ihB rFkk lkbZfdy ds cnys vkt cPps ckbZd dhlokjh djus yxsA uaxs ik¡o dh txg dherh twrs ,oa VkbZigudj Ldwy tkus yxsA cjlkr dh ckfj'k ds cnysvk/kqfud Qqgkjksa&'kkojksa esa Hkhxus yxs] diM+ksa dh xsan dscnys flaFksfVd ckWy ls [ksyk tkus yxkA cslje ds MaMsdherh gkdh esa cny x,A vkbZl&ikbZl] pksj&flikgh]xqYyh MaMk] [kks&[kks rFkk daps vkfn [ksy ds LFkku ijohfM;ks xse [ksyk tkus yxk] uhe&ccwy dh Vgfu;ksa dscnys cktkj esa dbZ izdkj ds jklk;fud nwFk isLV vkx,A blfy, vkt ds cPpksa dh 'kkfjfjd {kerk rks nqcZygks gh jgh gS lkFk gh mudh jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk Hkhfnu&izfrfnu {kh.k gksrh Tkk jgh gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;ggS fd vkt ge izd`fr dks ihNs NksM+dj vk/kqfudrk dsnkSj esa bl dnj vkxs c<+ pqds gSa fd eq>s ugha yxrk fdvkus okyh ih<+h ds cPps izd`fr dh ml NVk vkSj Lo:Ikdks dHkh fugkj Hkh ik,axs\

;g ckr lgh gS fd fdlh ns'k dh mUufr ml ns'k dsrduhdh fodkl ij fuHkZj djrh gS] ysfdu izd`fr dksnk¡o ij j[kdj ns'k dh mUufr djuk dgk¡ rd mfpr gS\vkt euq"; viuh LokFkZiwfrZ ds fy, vk, fnu taxyksa dksmtkM+ jgk gSA mudks vkx ds gokys ds gokys dj jgkgSA vius pkjksa rjQ dpjs ds <sj bdV~Bs dj jgk gSA [ksr[kfygkuksa dks IykfVax djds csp jgk gSA nw/k rFkk izR;sd[kk| lkexzh esa [krjukd jlk;u feyk jgk gSA viuhQly c<+kus ds fy, [ksr esa gkfudkjd dhVuk'kdnokbZ;k¡ fNM+d jgk gSA vius O;olk; dks mij mBkus ds

vf'edk 2016

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vf'edk 2016

fy, dy&dkj[kkuksa n~okjk unh ds LoPN ikuh dks xankdj jgk gSA lkFk gh fofHkUu izdkj ds okguksa rFkkvk/kqfud lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ds lk/kuksa }kjk i;kZoj.k dksnwf"kr dj jgk gSA blds vykok voS/k ,oa gkfudkjd ,slsd`f=e lalk/kuksa dk /kM+Yys ls mRikn dj jgk gS ftudksfuLrkfjr djuk ,d Vs<+h [khj gSA D;k mls tjk Hkhvglkl gS fd bu lc dk vlj mlds thou ij Hkh rksiM+ jgk gksxk\ mlds vius cPps vkSj ifjokj Hkh rks bld`f=e ;qx dh pDdh esa fil jgs gksaxasA mudh 'kkjhfjd'kfDr dk Hkh rks gzkl gks jgk gksxkA mudh jksx izfrjks/kd{kerk dk Hkh rks iru gks jgk gksxk vkSj lkFk gh mudhmez dh lhek Hkh rks fnu&izfrfnu de gks jgh gksxh\ ;gcMs+ gh fparu dk fo"k; gS ftlds ckjs esa gesa ckj&ckjlkspuk gksxk vkSj lw{e :Ik ls bldk fo'ys"k.k ,oafuokj.k djuk gksxk vU;Fkk og fnu nwj ugha tc gevius vfLrRo dks gh iw.kZ :Ik ls [kks pqds gksaxsaA vktftl izdkj ds izkd`frd izy; ns[kus dks fey jgs gSamudh 'kk;n geus dHkh dYiuk rd Hkh ugha dh gksxhAmÙkjk[k.M ds dsnkjukFk esa cknyksa dk QVuk]tEew&d'ehj eas ck< dk izdksi] fgekpy izns'k esa cjlkrdk rk.Mo] egkjk"Vª dk HkwL[kyu gks ;k fQj usiky esavk, HkwdEi dk fouk'kdkjh izy;A bu lHkh ?kVukvksa dklacU/k fdlh uk fdlh :Ik esa ;g n'kkZrk gS fd euq"; usgh izd`fr ds lkFk Ns &NkM+ djds bl izdkj dh?kVukvksa dks ?kfVr gksus ds fy, ck/; fd;k gSA D;ksafdeuq"; dk ges'kk ls gh izd`fr ds lkFk NsM+&NkM+ djus dkLoHkko jgk gSA

lkFk gh vk, fnu taxyh tkuojksa n~okjk euq"; vkSjikyrw tkuojksa ij vkØe.k] taxyh gkfFk;ksa dk rkaMovkSj [ksr [kfygkuksa dks jkSanuk] taxyh lwvjksa }kjk Qlykasdks pkSiV djuk] fofHkUu izdkj ds taxyh tkuojksa dkvkcknh {ks= esa izos'k djuk] canjksa }kjk ckx&cxhpksa rFkklfCt;ksa dks gkfu igq¡pkuk vkfn bl ckr dh vksj b'kkjkdjrs gSa fd muds jgus ds fBdkuksa vFkkZr taxyksa dksmtkM+ fn;k x;kA blds vykok viuh ykylk dks iwjkdjus ds fy, euq"; us /kM+Yys ls Ik'kq&if{k;ksa dk f'kdkjHkh fd;k ftlls taxyh Ik'kq&if{k;ksa dh dbZ nqyZHkiztkfr;k¡ ;k rks iw.kZ :Ik ls foyqIr gks xbZ gSa ;k fQjfoyqIr gksus dh dxkj ij gSaA ckdh cps gq, pan Ik'kq&i{kh

M+

Hkkstu vkSj ?kj dh ryk'k esa vcknh {ks= esa vkus dks foo'kgks x, gSa A

vHkh Hkh le; gS fd ge izd`fr ds Lo:Ik dks ,dpqukSrh eku dj bl fo"k; ij dqN ,slk djsa fd bl=klnh dks fdlh Hkh izdkj jksdk tk ldsA izd`fr dhftl NVk dks ge [kks pqds gSa mls okil rks ugha yk;k tkldrk gS ij gk¡ cph gwbZ izd`fr dh NVk dks vkSj vf/kdnwf"kr gksus ls vo'; jksdk tk ldrk gSA vFkkZr ;fn gefeydj dksf'k'k djsa rks bls ;gha ij fLFkj fd;k tkldrk gSA izd`fr ds laj{k.k ls lEcaf/kr cgqr lkjh ,slhckrsa gSa ftudks vey esa ykus gsrq gesa çfrc) gks dj ,dn`<+ ladYi ysuk gksxk fd gesa fdlh Hkh gkyr esa viuscPpksa ds vPNs LokLF; ,oa nh?kkZ;w gsrq izd`fr dh cph gqbZNfo dks cjdjkj j[kuk gh gSA pkgs mlds fy, gesafdruh Hkh dfBukbZ;ksa ls tw>uk D;ksa u iMs+A

vkt ds varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLi/kkZ ds ;qx esa ns'k dhrduhdh dks fodkl Lrj ij vkxs ys tkuk Hkh t:jh gSAvkt fo'o ds ogh ns'k lq[kh vkSj lEiUu gS tks ns'krduhdh fodkl esa l{ke gSaA ysfdu D;k ns'k dh mUufrds fy, izd`fr dk nksgu djuk t:jh gS\ chp dk dksbZ,slk jkLrk Hkh rks pquk tk ldrk gS ftlls izd`fr dksuqdlku fd, fcuk gh ns'k dh rduhdh dks vkxs ys tk;ktk ldsA blds fy, lcls igys gesa ;g ladYi ysukgksxk fd ge u rks gjs&Hkjs taxyksa dks uqdlku igq¡pk,axsvkSj uk gh fdlh dks uqdlku igq¡pkus nsaxsA blds fy,gesa vf/kd ls vf/kd o`{kkjksi.k djuk gksxk] ftllsizd`fr ds Lo:Ik dks fu[kkjk tk ldsA lkFk gh viuslkekftd nk;js esa jgus okys yksxksa dks Hkh blds ckjs esaizksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA ;fn gekjs ns'k dk izR;sdukxfjd ik¡p&ik¡p ikS/ks Hkh yxkrk gS rks ns'k dhtula[;k ds vuq:Ik Ng vjc iPphl djksM ikS/ks yxk,tk ldrs gSaA

lkFk gh ljdkj dks Hkh blds fy, lkFkZd iz;kldjuk pkfg,A lcls igys ljdkj dks ty] ok;q rFkkHkw&L[kyu ds osx dks de djus ds mik;ksa ij tksj nsukpkfg, rFkk bl fo"k; ij xgurk ls vuqla/kku djukpkfg,] ftlls izd`fr dks larqfyr fd;k tk ldsA fQjns'k ds dksus&dksus esa QSys gq, dwM+s&dpjs ds <sj dks 'kh?kz

24

ls 'kh?kz foLFkkfir djuk pkfg,] tks vusd izdkj dhchekfj;ksa ds tud gSaA dwMs+&dpjs ds <sj dks fofHkUuçdkj dh ifj;kstukvksa esa yxk;k tk ldrk gSA tSls budpjksa ls iDdh lM+d cukbZ tk ldrh gS lkFk gh bulsflaFksfVd xSl Hkh cukbZ tk ldrh gSA flaFksfVd xSl}kjk fo|qr mtkZ iSnk dh tk ldrh gS vkSj dqfdax xSlrFkk tSfod [kkn vkfn ifj;kstukvksa esa Hkh bldk iz;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok ljdkj dks vkS/kksfxdlaLFkkuksa] fofHkUu izdkj ds okguksa ,oa vk/kqfud lalk/kuksa}kjk vk, fnu QSyk;s tkus okys vusd izdkj ds iznw"k.kdks de djus ds Bksl mik; djus pkfg,A d`f"k ds fy,iz;ksx fd, tkus okys gkfudkjd jklk;fud [kkn ijrqjar jksd yxkuk pkfg, rFkk tSfod [kkn dks izkFkfedrknh tkuh pkfg,A vk, fnu [kkn~; lkekfxz;k¡ ij feyk,tkus okys [krjukd jklk;fud inkFkksZ ij Hkh jksdyxkuk t:jh gSA lkFk gh iSfdax vkfn esa iz;ksx gksus okysd`frze phtksa ds iqu% fuekZ.k ij l[r ikcanh yxkus dh

t:jr gSA ns'k ds dksus&dksus esa gj jkst fd, tkus okysvoS/k&[kuu ij Hkh izfrca/k yxkuk gksxkA blds vykokljdkj dks mijksDr fØ;k&dykiksa dks jksdus gsrq ,dl[r vkSj iq[rk dkuwu cukuk gksxkA

lkFk gh ljdkj dks ;g Hkh pkfg, fd mijksDr fo"k;dks vey esa ykus gsrq ns'k ds lHkh ljdkjh ,oaxSj&ljdkjh laLFkkuksa dks ,d l[r v/;kns'k tkjh djsA;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks ge Hkfo"; esa dkQh gn rd ç—frdh cph gqbZ Nfo] vkHkk ,oa Lo:i dks cpkus esa lQy gksldrs gSa vkSj ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd vkus okys le; esade ek=k esa gh lgh] gekjs cPps ogh ygygkrs gq,[ksr&[kfygku] gjs&Hkjs taxyksa ds vykok izd`fr dsyxHkx os lHkh utkjs ns[k ik,a tks gekjs tekus esa gqvkdjrs FksA blds vykok mudks ogh 'kq) ok;q ty rFkkHkkstu ulhc gks ftudh vkt ek= ,d dYiuk gh dh tkldrh gSA bUgha dkeukvksa ds lkFk eSa viuh okLrfoddYiukvksa dh mM+ku ds ia[kksa dks ;gha fojke nsrk gw¡A

vf'edk 2016

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vf'edk 2016

LVhQu gkfdax (,d egku oSKkfud),u ds frokjh- -

th&3] gkFkhcM+dyk LVsV nsgjknwu]

'kk;n gh dksbZ ,slk O;fDr gksxk] ftlus foKku ds{ks= esa LVhQu gkfdax dk uke u lquk gksxkA og viusvnE; lkgl] xtc ds vkRe fo'okl ds cy ij viusthou esa lQy jgsA ,sls O;fDrRo ls gesa fujarj vkxsc<+us dh izsj.kk feyrh gSA bl egku oSKkfud dk tUenwljs egk;q) ds nkSjku 8 tuojh] 1942 dks vkDlQksMZ]baXySaM esa gqvk FkkA budh ekrk dk uke blkscsy Fkk tksfd ,d jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ Fkha rFkk muds firk dk ukeÝasd Fkk tks fd Xyklxks esa MkDVj FksA budh nks cgusafQfy;k ,oa eSjh rFkk ,d HkkbZ ,MoMZ Fkk rFkk budh nksifRu;k¡ tsu okbYMs rFkk ,fyuk FkhA buds iq= dk ukefVe rFkk iq=h dk uke ywlh gkfdax gSA

LVhQu gkfdax esa ;qokoLFkk ds nkSjku dqN foy{k.kugha FkkA la;ksxo'k os cqf) esa U;wVu vkSj vkbaLVhu dsle{k FksA ijarq 21 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ,d vlk/; jksx eksVjU;wjku jksx ¼,DFkksVªksfQd ysVjy Ldsysjksfll½ ls ihfM+rgks x;sA blds ckotwn os vius thou ds y{;ksa dks izkIrdjus esa lQy gq,A

LVhQu gkfdax dks cpiu esa [ksydwn esa vf/kd:fp ugha FkhA ijarq mUgsa uko [ksus esa i<+kbZ ls T;knkvkuan izkIr gksrk FkkA LVhQu gkWfdax us 1962 esavkDlQksMZ fo'ofon~;ky; ls czgekafMdh ,oa lkekU;vkisf{kdrk ij vuqla/kku fd;k FkkA lu~ 1974 easvkisf{kdrk ds fl)kar vkSj iq¡t fl)kar nksuksa dks mUgkasus,dhd`r djus dk iz;kl fd;kA

,d ckj mUgksusa viuk ,d isij Þd`".k foojfoLQksV fl)karß ls lacaf/kr fo'kky lEesyu esa izLrqrfd;k tks fd ml le; ogkW mifLFkr oSKkfudksa dh le>ls ijs FkkA ftudh le> esa vk;k oks Hkh blls ?kcjk x;sAlHkk ds v/;{k yanu fo'ofon~;ky; ds izksQslj FksA os

mBdj ijs'kku gksdj cksy mBs ÞLVhQu rqe tks dj jgsgks] og vFkZ ghu gS rFkk ;g dwM+snku esa Qsadus ;ksX; gSßAdqN le; i'pkr gkWfdax ds mlh dwM+s dks foKku dhif=dk ßuspjß us izdkf'kr fd;kA dqN gh fnuksa esa ogizfl) HkkSfrd foKkfu;ksa dh Js.kh esa vk x;s rFkk gkWfdxdk uke nqfu;k Hkj esa izfl) gks x;kA

LVhQu gk¡fdx us czgekaM ds lEcU/k esa ÞczhQ fgLVªhvkQ VkbZeß 'kh’kZd ls ,d iqLrd fy[kh tks 1988 esaizdkf'kr gqbZA ftlus vR;kf/kd fczdh ds dkj.k fxuhtcqd vkQ fjdkM~Zl esa viuk uke ntZ djk;kA bldsvfrfjDr mUgksusa 1933 esa ßCySd gksYl ,aM csch&;wfuolZÞrFkk dqN vU; fuca/k izdkf'kr djk;s rFkk 2001 esaÞ;wfuolZ bu uV 'ksyß iqLrd esa HkkSfrdh esa gky dh[kkstksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA

[kxksy HkkSfrdh ds {ks= esa muds ljkguh; ;ksxnkuds fy, le;≤ ij fofHkUu laLFkkvksa us mUgsalEekfur fd;kA 1975 esa mUgsa ,fMaxVu esMy lslEekfur fd;k x;k gSA 1976 esa º;wt esMy vkQ jk;ylkslkbVh] 1979 esa vYcVZ vkabLVkbu esMy rFkk 1982 esafczVsu dh egkjkuh }kjk vkMZj vkQ n fczfV'k ,aik;j¼dekaMj½ iznku fd;k x;kA 1985 esa jk;y ,LVªksukfedylkslkbVh ds Lo.kZ ind ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 1999 esavesfjdk HkkSfrdh lkslkbVh dk twfy;l ,Mxj fyfyuQhYM iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;kA blds vfrfjDr 12vxLr 2009 dks vesfjdh Þjk"Vªifr indß ls lEekfurfd;k x;kA

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ;fn O;fDr esa etcwrbPNk 'kfDr fgEer] /kS;Z gks rks og vlk/; ck/kkvksa dsjgrs gq, Hkh vius thou ds y{;ksa dh izkIr dj ldrk gaSA

26

, ih ts vCnqy dyke & ,d izsj.kkjkds’k dqekjMhy] nsgjknwu

nqigjh&/kwi esa ridj] fu[kj tkrs gSa oks cPpsAftuds flj ij ek¡ dk Hkh] vk¡py ugh gksrkAA

cqjh utjksa ls cpdj os] ik ysrs gSa efUty dksApsgjs ij ftuds ,d Vhdk] dkty ugh gksrkAA

,d lksp Fkh] thou dk vFkZ cny x;hA,slk fopkj ân; esa] gj iy ugha gksrkAA

dqN rks ckr Fkh muesa] tks vkSjksa ls gV ds FkhAgjsd eqdke ij dksbZ] ;w¡ gh lQy ugha gksrkAA

Q'kZ ls v'kZ rd lQj] rUgk xqTkkjk gSAbruk Hkh 'k[l dksbZ] ftUnkfny ugha gksrkAA

vius ns'k ds fy;s] dqN dj xqtjuk gSAÞToyUr efLr"dß esa ;g fopkj] fucZy ugh gksrkAA

lQyrkvksa us ltk;k mUgsa] jk"Vª ds 'kh"kZ & vklu ijAtekuk ;w¡ gh fdlh dk] dk;y ugh gksrkAA

jkg fn[kk;saxs u tkus] vHkh vkSj fdruksa dksAxxu ls /kqozrkjk] dHkh vks>y ugh gksrkAA

cusaxs dyke vkSj Hkh] dyke ds deky lsA,dyO; lk fu'p;] dHkh eqf'dy ugha gksrkAA

Eksjs ns'k ds ck:n dks] vfXu & ia[k ugha yxrsAXkj felkbyeSu ds lhus esa] nkokuy ugha gksrkAA

vf'edk 2016

27

vf'edk 2016

fo'o fgUnh lEesyu@fo'o fgUnh fnol rFkkizoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dk laf{kIr fgUnh bfrgkl

dkUrk eksgu jkorvks ,u th lh ] rsyHkou- - - - ] nsgjknwu

PkkSFkk fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu 2 fnlEcj]ls 4 fnlEcj] 1993 rd ekWjh'kl dh jkt/kkuh iksVZyqbZ esavk;ksftr fd;k x;kA 17 lky ckn ekWjh'kl esa ,d CkkjfQj fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

ikWpos fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu f=funkn,oa Vkscsxksa dh jkt/kkuh iksVZ vkWQ Lisu esa 4 vizSy ls 8vizSy 1996 esa gqvkA bldh vk;kstu laLFkk Fkh f=uhnkndh fgUnh fuf/kA bl lEesyu dk dsUnzh; fo’k; Fkk &izoklh Hkkjrh; vkSj fgUnhA

NBoka fo'o fgUnh lEesyu yUnu esa 14 flrEcjls 18 flrEcj] 1999 esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA;wåds fgUnh lfefr xhrkatfy cgqHkk’kh leqnk; vkSjcfeZ?ke Hkkjrh; Hkk’kk laxe ikdZ us fey tqydj]blds fy, jk’Vªh; vk;kstu lfefr dk xBu fd;kFkkA bl lEesyu dk dsUnzh; fo’k; Fkk ÞfgUnh vkSjHkkoh ih<+hßA

Lkkroka fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu lwjhukedh jkt/kkuh ikjkekfjcksa esa 5 twu ls 9 twu] 2003 esavk;ksftr fd;k x;kA bDdhloh lnh esa vk;ksftr ;gigyk fo'o fgUnh lEesyu FkkA bl lEesyu dk fo’k;Fkk Þfo'o fgUnh ubZ 'krkCnh dh pqukSfr;k¡ A

vkBoka fo'o fgUnh lEesyu 13 tqykbZ ls 15 tqykbZ2009 rd la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh jkt/kkuh U;w;kdZ esagqvk FkkA bl lEesyu dk dsUnzh; fo’k; Fkk Þfo'o eap ijfgUnh ßA

ukSoka fgUnh lEesyu 22 flrEcj ls 24 flrEcj]2012 esa nf{k.k vQzhdk ds tksgkalcxZ 'kgj esa gqvk FkkA

nloka fo'o fgUnh lEesyu 10 ls 12 flrEcj] 2015dks e/; izns'k dh jkt/kkuh Hkksiky esa lEiu gqvkA nlosalEesyu dk eq[; fo’k; Þ fons'k uhfr esa fgUnhß

å

ß

FkkA

ftl rjg Hkkjr esa 14 flrEcj] dk ,d fo'ks"k egRogS mlh izdkj 9 tuojh dks izoklh Hkkjrh; fnol rFkk10 tuojh fo'o fgUnh fnol dk Hkh ,d fo'ks"k egRo gSAlaiw.kZ fo'o esa fgUnh ds izpkj&izlkj dk vuqdwyokrkoj.k cukus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj ds fons'k ea=ky;us lu~ 2006 esa ;g fu.kZ; fy;k Fkk fd tuojh dk fnuiwjs fo'o esa Þfo'o fgUnh fnolß ds :Ik esa euk;k tk,xkAfiNys lkr&vkB o"kkasZ ls Hkkjr esa gh ugh fons'kksa esa Hkhvusd ns'kkas esa jg jgs vla[; fgUnh lsoh laLFkk,W¡ fo'ofgUnh fnol dk vk;kstu djus yxs gaSA Hkkjr ljdkj dsfo'o O;kih fe'ku ,ao nwrkokl Hkh Lo;a vFkok LFkkuh;fgUnh lsoh laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls Þfo'o fgUnh fnol ßdks cMh+ /kwe&/kke ls eukrs vk jgs gaSA

fo'o fgUnh lEesyu ds vk;kstu dh dYiuk dkewy vk/kkj mu Hkkoukvksa ls vuqizdf.kr gksrk gS ftudsvUrxZr egkRek xka/kh us 1936 esa viuh deZLFkyh o/kkZ esajk’Vª Hkk’kk izpkj lfefr dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA fo'o fgUnhlEesyu dk bfrgkl bl ckr dk lk{kh gS fd ;glEesyu tgka&tgka Hkh gqvk blesa fonsf'k;ksa us [kwcc<+&p<+ dj Hkkx fy;kA

izFke fo'o fgUnh lEesyu 10 tuojh ls 14 tuojh1975 rd ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA ml le;ukxiqj e/; izns'k dh jkt/kkuh gqvk djrh FkhA bllEesyu dk vk;kstu jk’Vª Hkk’kk izpkj lfefr o/kkZ dsrRok/kku esa gqvk FkkA bl lEesyu esa 30 ns'kkas ds dqy 122izfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA

f}rh; fo'o fgUnh lEesyu 28 vxLr ls 30 vxLr1976 rd ekWjh”kl dh jkt/kkuh iksVZ yqbZ esa lEiUu gqvkAbl lEesyu esa 17 ns'kksa ds 181 izfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA

rhljk fo'o fgUnh lEesyu Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh fnYyhesa 28 vDVwcj ls 30 vDVwcj 1983 esa euk;k x;k FkkA

28

dh ;knnk'r dks ysdj pykA vfHkO;fä dh NViVkgVds lkFk igys igy Þjkepfj= ekulß tSls dqN xzUFkksa]ekSf[kd yksdxhrksa vkSj yksd dFkkvksa dk flyflyk 'kq:gqvk] fQj Hktu&dhrZu] rht&R;ksgkj jkeyhyk& ukVdtSls fofHkUu izdkj dh vfHkO;fä;ksa ds lkFk laLd`fr rFkkfgUnh dk izpkj&izlkj 'kq: gqvkA

izoklh fgUnh lkfgR; dk izeq[k Loj ogh gS] tks fo'olkfgR; ;k Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk jgk gSA izoklh fgUnhlkfgR; dh ppkZ ds nkSjku ekWjh'kl dh vge Hkwfedk dks;kn u djuk vlEHko gSA ekWjh'kl ds fgUnh lkfgR; dk,d nwljk dhfrZeku ;g Hkh gS fd Ýasp opZLo vkSj vaxzsthjktHkk’kk laj{k.k ds ckotwn bl }hi esa fgUnh iqLrdasvaxzasath vkSj Ýasp ds feyus ij Hkh dkQh la[;k esa Nirhjgh gaSA

izoklh Hkkjrh; NksVs&NksVs lewg esa dbZ ns'kksa esa clsgq, gS ysfdu Hkkjr ls mudk yxko dbZ ihf<;ksa ls bldnj Nk;k gqvk gS fd os viuh iqjk.kksa dh /kjksgj fgUnhlkfgR; dk vf/kd fodkl ,oa izlkj djuk gh mudkigyk /;s; cu pqdk gSA

izoklh fgUnh ys[kd iwjs vkRefo'okl ds lkFk fgUnhesa l`tu djrs pys vk jgs gaSA os vius iwoZtksa dh blHkk’kkbZ _.k dks fd'rksa esa pqdk jgs gSaA izoklh fgUnhlkfgR; Hkh vlgk;] ykpkj rFkk 'kksf’kr tuksa dh izcytuok.kh gSA ;wjksih; lekt esa tgka Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dksviuk;k tk jgk gS ogha gekjs euh’kh] f'k{kkfon~]lektfon~ vHkh Hkh bl Hkk’kk ds iw.kZ foLrkj ds fy,fujUrj iz;kljr~ gSA Hkk’kk gekjh /kjksgj gSA

vkt fo'o Hkkjr dh vkSj LQwfrZ nk;d ns'k ds :Ik esans[k jgk gS vkSj ge vius vkRefo'okl ls nwj gksrs tk jgsgaS] viuh Hkk’kk ls dVrs tk jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; cqf) dh lk[kfo'o esa gS] Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ;fn [kks tkrh gS rks lkjhnqfu;k dks gkfu gksxh] bl la?k’kZ esa lcls lcy gfFk;kjfgUnh Hkk’kk dk gS] mldk iz;ksx dhft,] bl ij ge lHkhdks fopkj djuk gS] ladYiozrh cuuk gSA

vc oDr dk rdktk gS fd Ýasp Hkk’kh ns'kksa dh rjglHkh izoklh fgUnh Hkk’kh Hkh ,d lw= esa c/ksaA izoklhHkkjrh;ksa dk Hkh ,d vUrjkZ’Vªh; eap gks vkSj lHkh izoklh

X;kjgoka fo'o fgUnh lEesyu dk vk;kstu 2018 esaekWjh'kl esa gksuk r; gqvk gSaA

fo'o Lrj ij fgUnh izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh nsu gSA 9tuojh 1915 dks egkRek xka/kh nf{k.k vQzhdk ls HkkjrykSVs FksA blfy, Hkkjr ljdkj us 9 tuojh dks izoklhHkkjrh; fnol eukus dk ladYi fy;kA izkphu dky lsgh gekjs ns'k ds dksus&dksus ls xjhc yksx ukSdjh dhryk'k esa fo'o ds vusd fczfV'k xqyke ns'kksa esa pys x;sFksA os tgk¡ Hkh x,] ogha ds gksdj jg x;s FksA ijUrq mUgksusogka Hkh viuh laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dks ugh NksM+kA

bDdhloha lnh esa Hkkjroa'kh fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esaik;s tk ldrs gSaA os tgka Hkh ftl gky esa gSa viuh tehuls vkt rd tqMs gaSA mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds izkjEHk esa Hkkjrds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ls Hkkjrh;ksa dks vaxzsth ljdkj dsjsfo;uesa xUus dh [ksrh djokus ds mÌs'; ls ys xbZA dwVuhfr usdqN ,slk [ksy [ksyk fd os yksx rFkk mudh larkusa oghadh gks xbZA vkt nks lkS o’kksZa ds vUrjky esa tgka HkhHkkjrh; gS vkt Hkh os viuh iwoZtksa dh laLd`fr ls tqMs gSaA

jk’Vª dh okLrfod igpku mlds lkaLd`frd ,oalkfgfR;d laLdkj ls gh gksrh gSA [kku&iku ,oa ifj/kkuksals Hkh jk’Vª fuf'pr tkuk tkrk gS] fdUrq lkfgR; ,oalaLd`fr nks gh gSa tks vlyh Nki Mkyus esa leFkZ gksrh gaSAbu nksuksa dks thfor j[kus ds fy, Hkk’kk dk thfor jgukvfuok;Z gSA vr% ;g vfuok;Z gS fd Hkkjrokfl;ksa dhfofHkUu ekr`Hkk’kkvksa dks vkSj vf/kd l'kDr cuk;k tk,rFkk lcdk ;g uSfrd] /kkfeZd] lkekftd vkfFkZd vkSjjktuSfrd nkf;Ro gksuk pkfg, fd os viuh ekr`Hkk’kkvksaesa vius fopkjksa dks dgus ,oa fyf[kr :Ik esa O;Dr djusesa leFkZ gksaA

izoklh fgUnh lkfgR; dh ppkZ ;k mldh vis{kkvksadh ckr djus ls igys mlds ,sfrgkfld ifjis{; dkstkuuk vkSj le>uk vko';d gksxk] fo'ks"kdjfxjfefV;k iwoZtksa dh mu fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dksHkh tkusa ftuls os o’kksZa rd tw>rs jgsA ftu ns'kksa esa Hkhizoklh Hkkjrh; igq¡ps] tSls fd nf{k.k vÝhdk] gkySaM]baXySaM] vesfjdk gj txg ?kksj ifjJe] lgu'khyrk] rFkkla?k’kksZ ls dk;kiyV djrs jgsA blfy, bu izokfl;ksa dklkfgR; vius orZeku ds lkFk vius Hkfo’; rFkk vrhr

vf'edk 2016

29

vf'edk 2016

ns'k ds djksMksa yksxkas dh rkdr gSA fiNys o’kZ fo'o ;ksxfnol rFkk gky gh esa fnYyh esa ;equk ds fdukjsa ÞJh Jhjfo'kadjß us 11 ekpZ ls 13 ekpZ 2016 rd rhu fnolh;fo'o dk egklekxe ds #i esa vnHkqr vfoLej.kh;laLd`fr egksRlo dk vk;kstu fd;kA ftldk edlnHkh fgUnh Hkk’kk dks fo'o Lrj rd iznf'kZr dj Hkkjr dks,d fgUnh jk’Vª dh igpku fnykus dk jgk gSA bl

ns'k vkSj nqfu;k ds gtkjksa dykdkjksa usviuh&viuh izLrqfr;ksa ls yksxkas dk eu gh ugh eksgkcfYd gekjs ns'k dh lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr dk Hkh [kwcizpkj&izlkj Hkh fd;kA fo'o ds 155 ns'kksa ds dbZ gtkjdykdkjksa us blesa Hkkx

ftlls ;g izrhr gqvk fd Hkkjr dh laLd`fr esafofHkUurk esa ,drk gSA bl iz;kl dks fo'o ds ns'kkas dslHkh dykdkjksa us [kwc ljkgkA

gekjs ns'k dh Hkk’kk vkSjlaLd`fr dk v/;;u djds vius ns'k esa bldk [kwcizpkj&izlkj fd;k bfrgkl lk{kh gSA mUgkasusgekjs ns'k ds dbZ xzUFkksa rFkk Kkue;h iqLrdksa dk viuhHkk’kk esa vuqokn dj bldk [kwc izpkj&izlkj fd;kAbl izdkj izpkj&izlkj ls fgUnh dk foLrkj rks gqvk ghcfYd bldh feBkl ls lHkh ns'k Hkh Hkyh HkkWfr ifjfprgks pqds gSaA ;gh gekjs ns'k ds lok lkS djksM+ okfl;ksa dsfy, cMs+ gh xkSjo dh ckr gSA

egksRlo esa

gh ugh fy;k cfYd gekjs ns'kdh jhfr&fjokt rFkk [kku&iku dk Hkh [kwc Loknfy;kA

LorU=rk ls iwoZ rFkk Ik'pkr Hkh fo'o ds vusdksafo}kuksa] rhFkZ ;kf=;ksa us

ftldk

,d fo'o lkfgfR;d 'kfä ds :Ik esa vius Loj dksfo'oHkj esa izfr/ofur dj ldasA

vkt lewps fo'o esa izoklh Hkkjrh; viuh ;ksX;rk dscy ij vius ns'k dk uke jks'ku dj jgs gaSA Hkk’kk dsfygkt ls iwjk fo'o ,d cktkj cu pqdk gaSA fnuizfrfnu u;s & u;s mRikn cktkj esa vk jgs gaSA ftu dkizHkko LFkkuh; cktkjksa ij Hkh rRdky iM+rk gSA ,slh n'kkesa fo'o cktkj ds lkFk dne ls dne feykdj pyus dsfy, gesa izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds mu vuqHkoksa dh l[rvko'drk gS ftlls ge ns'k ds fodkl esa fdlh vU; ns'kij fuHkZj gq, fcuk y{;ksa dh iwfrZ dj ldsaA gekjsizokfl;ksa dh fgUnh ds izfr fo'oluh;rk gh gekjh jk’Vªdh 'kfä gSA

Hkkjrh; lkfgR; Loj ls izHkkfor gksdj Hkh buizokfl;ksa ds lkfgR; viuh ubZ /kjrh ds lkFk tqM+s jgsAfo'oHkj dk fgUnh lkfgR; vkt vius&vius ns'k dh/kkjkvksa dks vkRelkr djds vius&vius lR; dks ikBdksads lkeus j[k jgk gSA izoklh fgUnh lkfgR; esa ekWjh'kldk viuk tks futh Loj gS og vrhr dks vkRelkr~ fd;sgq, Hkh orZeku leL;kvksa dh gh Loj cqyanh gSA ekWjh'kldk ;g lQy iz;kl gh dgk tk;sxk ftlus fgUnhlkfgR; ds vUrjkZ’Vªh; Lo:Ik dks ,d u;k vk;ke iznkufd;k gSA

vkt Hkkjr lwpuk ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds lkFk&lkFkHkk’kk ds izpkj&izlkj esa Hkh dkQh vkxs c<+ x;k gSAgekjh Hkk’kk] gekjh laLd`fr rFkk gekjs laLdkj gekjs

30

xqCckjs okykeatq iar


galus dh D;k ckr gS\ D;k vkalqvksa ds lkFk ukd ughacgrh\ vkidh Hkh cgrh gksxh gk&gk&gkA oSls vki irkugha bldks dSls ysrs gSa ij ge nksuksa gh ekurs gSa fdvka[k&ukd ls Hkkouk,a gh cgrh gSaA gk¡ rks geus eqag /kks;kvkSj rS;kj gks x,A vpkud lkgl vk x;k vkidhizfrfdz;kvksa dks ;kn djds gekjs vanj] fQj ls mlhthou ds vUnj xqe gks tkus dk] ehyksa ihNs dh yEch;k=k djus dk vkSj vki lHkh dks Hkh mu ehyksa yEch;k=k esa vius lkFk xqe djus dkA

rks D;k [k;ky gS vkidk\ pysaxs gekjs lkFk viusorZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dh fpUrkvksa vkSj ;kstukvksa dks dqNle; ds fy, NksM+dj] Hkwydj rjksrktk gksus ds fy,]rkfd ge nksxqus mRlkg ls vius drZO;ksa dks vatke nsldsaA vius orZeku dh fpUrkvksa dk lkgl ds lkFklkeuk dj ldsaA vius Hkfo"; ds liuksa dks u, jax lsltk ik,aA rks pfy, pyrs gSa ,d u,&iqjkus lQj ijubZ&iqjkuh lksp ds lkFkA orZeku dh ?kVuk ls 'kq# djftUnxh dh ixMUMh ij ihNs nwj cgqr nwj tkus ds fy,]ge rS;kj gaS vkidh maxyh FkkesA

oks 31 fnlEcj dh 'kke FkhA vkWfQl ls ?kj vkrs gq,dkQh nsj gks xbZ FkhA lfnZ;ksa ds fnu gksus dh otg lsva/ksjk gks x;k FkkA gydk lk dksgjk Hkh yxk FkkA vksldh gydh lh ckfj'k lh gks jgh FkhA bruk gksus ij HkhlM+d esa nwljh vksj tkrs gq, xSl ds xqCckjs okyk gesafn[k gh x;kA gekjs vUnj fNis cPps dh vka[ksa rst FkhaAml cPps dks dSls ugha fn[krk fd lM+d ds ml ikjmldh [kq'kh tk jg+h gS xSl ds xqCckjs okys ds #i esaAys[kuh vkSj Hkh nks dne vkxs Fkh cl fQj D;k FkkA geusvkokt nsdj jksd fy;k mls HkS¸;k-----Þ#dksÞ----A iSj esa nnZHkh gks jgk Fkk fQj Hkh geus nkSM+ yxk nh mls jksdus dsfy,A lM+d ikj dj pys x, mlds iklA mlls dgkvkids ikl ftrus Hkh jax ds xqCckjs gSa lc rS;kj dj nsAoks cksyk eSMe th xSl [kRe gks xbZ gSA 15 feuV yxsaxsrS;kj djus esaA geus cksyk dksbZ ckr ughaA

eSa vkSj esjh ys[kuh cSBs gq, Fks vius cjkens dh xquxquh/kwi esaA cPpksa dh dksbZ eSxthu i<+ jgs Fks ,d nwljs dsxycfg;k¡ Mkys gq,A i<+rs&i<+rs yxk eSxthu esa dksbZcPpksa ds fp= ugha cfYd gekjs gh fp= gSaA lcxM~M&eM~M gksus yxkA dgkfu;ksa& dforkvksa ds muik=ksa dh txg ge [kqn gh lkeus vkus yxs Fks muesaAdgkfu;k¡] dfork,a rks dgha [kks lh xbZ Fkha vkSj thou esacgqr ihNs ds n`'; mu dgkuh] dforkvksa esa ?kweus yxsAunh&igkM+] [ksr&[kfygku] isM+&ikS/ks] gfj;kyh] pkan&rkjs] lwjt] fgekPNkfnr ioZr J`a[kyk,a] muesa iM+rhmxrs o <yrs lwjt dh fdj.kksa dh otg ls f>yfeykrhcQhZyh pkanh lh pksfV;kaA dqN uUgs&uUgs ls lkFkh] dqNckalqjh dh rkusaA eSaus vkSj ys[kuh us ,d nwljs dh iuhyhvka[kksa esa pqids ls ns[kkA nksuksa gh [kks,&[kks, ls FksA dqNeksrh vka[kksa ls Vid iM+s ;s lksprs gq, fd thou esa D;k[kks;k D;k ik;k\ ihNs nwj cgqr nwj rd pys x, ge nksuksaghA yxk D;ksa oDr bruh tYnh chr x;k\ D;ksa lc dqNihNs NwVrk pyk x;kA D;ksa cgqr lkjs yksx gels fcNqM+x,] tks gekjs cgqr fiz; Fks] ftuds fcuk thou cM+kdfBu FkkA oks unh] igkM+] [ksr] [kfygku] pkanh lhpedrh ioZr Jsf.k;ka dgka xbZa\ ge nksuksa pqipki vka[ksaewan ,d nwljs dk gkFk Fkkes vuk;kl gh vkdyu djusyxs vius thou dkA yxk D;k ge gh ,slk lksprs gSa fdvkSj yksx Hkh ,slk gh lksprs gksaxs\ ge D;k T;knk ghHkkoqd rks ugha gks tkrs chrs thou dh ;knksa lsA dgha ,slkrks ugha fd ge vke thou ls T;knk gh yxko j[krs gSaArHkh ys[kuh us eq>s fgyk;k] ;kn fnyk;k mu yksxksa dhizfrfdz;kvksa dk tks *vf'edk* esa gekjk ys[k i<+dj yksxgesa nsrs gSaA vjs gka eq>s Hkh ;kn vk x;k fd yksx dbZ rjgdh izfrfdz;k,a O;Dr djrs gSa& fd ge Hkh dgha [kks x,]fd gesa Hkh ,slk gh yxrk gS] fd ge Hkh ml txg #ddjvius cPps ds Ldwy dks ns[kus yxs] ,slh gh cgqr dqNizfrfdz;k,a ftUgsa lqudj gesa Hkh vPNk yxrk gSA vkidh;gh izfrfd;k,a gesa fQj ls fy[kus ds fy, izsfjr djrhgSaA ge mB [kM+s gq, vka[kas vkSj ukd lkQ dhA blesa

vf'edk 2016

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vf'edk 2016

gekjs ?kj vk;k mlds psgjs ij mu xqCckjksa dks ns[kdjfu'Ny lh galh vkSj vkuan Nk tkrk FkkA oks dqN nsj dsfy, mu xqCckjksa ls [ksyus dk yksHk laoj.k ugha dj ikjgk FkkA gj fdlh dh izfrfdz;k Fkh vjs! xqCckjs----Þ] fdrusjax fcjaxs xqCCkkjs gSa! vjs okg xqCckjsA ok---m---ÞxqCckjsß---blh rjg dh izfrfdz;k,aA rks ns[kk vkius xqCckjk ,dcgqr NksVh lh pht gSA 'kk;n vki yksxksa dh utj esabldk dksbZ eksy uk gks] ysfdu ml NksVh lh pht usvuk;kl gh fdrus lkjs yksxksa dks [kqf'k;ka ns nh] fdruksads psgjs ij eqLdku yk nhA ;kfu ge ekurs gSa fd gjpht dk viuk egRo gSA HkkSfrdokn ds bl ;qx esa ge utkus dgka [kksrs tk jgs gSaA thou dh uUgha&uUgha [kqf'k;ksals] uUgsa&uUgsa vuqHkoksa ls dgha nwj Vhoh] eksckby]dEI;wVj dh nqfu;ka esa [kks, gq,A

geus Åij cgqr dqN fy[k rks fn;k ij vkils ;siwNuk Hkwy x, fd D;k vkidks ;kn gS fd vius cpiu esavkius xSl ds jax fcjaxs xqCckjs ;k jax fcjaxh irax dksvkleku esa mM+rs ns[kk gksxkA viuh euialn irax dksvkleku esa mM+rs ns[kdj vkidk eu Hkh t#j fd;kgksxk irax dh Mksj idM+ dj mlh ds lkFk cy [kkdj]ygjkdj vkleku dh mapkb;ksa dks Nwus dkA D;k irkvkius Hkh gekjh rjg dHkh dksf'k'k Hkh dh gks dwn&Qkandj vkleku esa p<+us dh] mls Nwus dhA vius xSl dsxqCckjs dks vka[kksa ls vks>y gksus rd ns[kus dhA ;ghLe`fr;ka rks gSa tks xkgs&cxkgs pyh vkrh gSaA gesa mnkldjus] fdlh Hkh ;kn esa ljkcksj djus] vkalw cgkus] dqN[kks, gqvksa dks ;kn djkusA ij Le`fr;k¡ blfy, Hkh pqidsls pyh vkrh gSa fd ge fdlh vius dks ;kn djds galsa]dqN ,slh ?kVukvksa dks ;kn fnykus fd gekjs psgjs ijLor% gh eqLdku vk tk,A Le`fr;ka ml ,d ck, rkjkHkqj&Hkqj rkjk] nks rkjk Hkqj&Hkqj rkjk] rhu&pkj&ikap ------------------------ rkjk Hkqj&Hkqj rkjk dh rjg gSa] rkjs tks gekjsfcNqM+s gqvksa dh igpku gSaA ml dks;y dh dwd dh rjggSa tks viuh vkSj gels gekjh igpku iwNus vkSj crkus dkiz;kl djrh gSA ml vkylh dkS, vkSj esgurh fxygjhdh rjg gSa] tks rw py eSa vkrk gw¡] pqiM+h jksVh [kkrk gwaBaMk ikuh ihrk gw¡] gjh Mky ij cSBk gwa cksyrk Fkk ijdjrk dqN ugh FkkA ml dNqos vkSj [kjxks'k dh nkSM+ dhrjg gSa] ml cqf)eku I;kls dkS, dh rjg gSa] tks ?kM+s esadadM+ Mkydj ikuh ih ysrk FkkA vjs gka ,d ets dh ckr

vki xSl rS;kj djks] ge bUrtkj djsaxsA mlds cknmlus xSl rS;kj dh vkSj ftrus Hkh jax ds xqCckjs mldsikl Fks lkjs rS;kj dj fn, vkSj ,d viuh rjQ ls Hkhfn;kA cgqr dgus ij Hkh mlus ,d xqCckjs ds iSls ughafy,A mlus dgk ;s rks ge [kq'k gksdj ns jgs vkidksA ?kjtkrs le; vki Hkh rks [kq'kh nh gks gedks brus lkjsxqCckjs [kjhndj blhfy, ge Hkh vkidks ns jgs FkksM+h lh[kq'khA ge nksuksa mldh ckr lqudj gSjku gks mls ns[kusyxsA Hkys gh ,d xqCckjk ge lcds fy, dksbZ egRo uj[krk gks] ij mlus fdruh cM+h ckr dg nhA mlds pgjsij cM+h lkSE; lh eqLdku FkhA geus mlds ckdh ds iSlsns fn,A oks Hkh cgqr [kq'k fd fdlh us ?kj tkrs le;mlls brus lkjs xqCckjs fy, vkSj ge Hkh cgqr [kq'k mlxqCckjs okys dh [kq'kh ns[kdj] vius gkFk esa brus lkjsxqCckjs idM+dj vkSj ,d xqCckjk buke esa ikdjA gesa ;sbuke gh yxkA tks vkneh fnu Hkj esa irk ugha fdruhdekbZ dj ikrk gksxkA oSls Hkh vkt dk le; xSl dsxqCckjs ls [ksyus dk dgka jgkA mlus fny cM+k djds][kq'k gksdj ,d xqCckjk gesa buke esa ns fn;kA mlds psgjsij cgqr [kq'kh Fkh ,d xqCckjk gesa vf/kd nsrs gq, tcmlus dgk ,d esjah rjQ lsA mlds cM+Iiu dk lEekudjrs gq, ge vkxs py iM+sA yxk t#j vkxs vkSj Hkh[kqf'k;ka [kM+h gkasxh gekjs fy, c¡kgsa ilkjsA gkykafd gekjhfLFkfr ,slk lksp ikus dh ugha Fkh] fQj Hkh geus lkspk,slk lkspus esa dksbZ gtZ Hkh rks ugha gSA gka rks xqCckjksa dksdldj maxyh esa yisV dj laHkkyrs gq, vkxs pysA jkLrsesa tks Hkh tku igpku okys ;k vutku Hkh feys rks vka[ksaQkM+dj] eqLdjkdj vkSj ihNs eqM+&eqM+ dj dHkh gesa vkSjdHkh Åij mM+rs gq, gekjs xqCckjksa dks ns[k jgs FksA lM+dij pyrs gq, xqCckjksa ds lkFk geus eksckby ls QksVks [khapdj csVh ds fy, Hkst nhA rqjUr mldk eSlst vk x;k fd,slk yx jgk gS tSls fons'k dh lM+d ij ?kwe jgs gksA okgD;k izfrfØ;k FkhA ge Hkh [kq'k gks x,A gesa Hkh Qhy xqMdk vglkl gqvkA ?kj igaqp]s ek¡ chekj FkhaA xqCckjs mudsgkFk esa idM+k fn,A ckck dks Hkh cqyk fy;kA brus esa HkkbZHkh vk x;kA muds psgjksa ij tks [kq'kh fn[kkbZ nh mls'kCn nsuk eqf'dy gSA oks mudks gkFk esa idM+ dj dHkhuhps dHkh Åij djrsA dHkh mu ij gkFk ekjrs vkSj [kwc[kq'k gksrsA 'kk;n muds vUnj dk cPpk Hkh mu xqCckjksadks ns[kdj lqdwu eglwl dj jgk FkkA mlds ckn tks Hkh

32

,slh gh gks jgh gSaA ;s ekufld ;k=k vkidh viuh gScgqr futhA vki tkurs ;k ekurs gksaxs ge lHkh fnu Hkjesa dHkh u dHkh Hkxoku th dks Hkh ekufld #i ls ;kndjrs gSaA gj le; iwtk gh rks ugha djrs] uk gh fn;ktykrs gSa] ij ;kn eu gh eu esa djrs gh gSaA ;s ekufld#i ls ;kn djuk gh rks gSA ;s oDr ls cgqr ihNs ykSVusdh gekjh ekufld ;k=k Hkh rks Hkxoku th dks ;kn djusds cjkcj gh rks gS uA tks gesa dqN iyksa ds fy, gj nq[kksa]mnkfl;ksa] fpUrkvksa dks Hkqykdj ml nqfu;ka esa ys tkrh gSftlls ge eu gh eu eqLdqjk mBrs gaSA ,dne rjksrktkgks mBrs gaS Hkfo"; dh yEch iFkjhyh ;k fQj lerylM+d ij pyus ds fy,A

oSls rks gekjs bl ys[k dk uke Le`fr;ka gksuk pkfg,FkkA D;ksafd bl ckj dqN iqjkuh [kV~Vh ehBh Le`fr;ksa esagh xksrk yxkdj vk, gSaA ij D;ksafd njvly ml xqCckjsokys dh otg ls gh gesa Le`fr;ksa esa Mwcus mrjus dkvolj feykA rks bldk Js; vkSj lEEkku rks ml xqCckjsokys dks feyuk gh pkfg,] ftlus gesa bruh <sj lkjh[kqf'k;k¡ nhA dqN iy ds fy, gh lghA vkt Hkh gesamldk psgjk ;kn gS vkSj mldh [kq'kh vkSj eqLdku HkhAnsf[k, esjh ys[kuh eqLdqjk jgh gSA 'kk;n cpiu dh dksbZyky] gjh] ihyh] uhyh] cSaxuh Le`fr] xqCckjs ds lekumM+rh gqbZ vk xbZ gks mlds tsgu esaA vPNk vc fonkAvxys o"kZ dqN [kV~Vh ehBh Le`fr;ksa esa Mwcus mrjkus dsfy, fQj vkils feysaxsA

crk,a vkidks&ge vf'edk ds fy, gh fy[k jgs FksA brusesa ns[kk fd gekjh ys[kuh ds Åij ,d ikl Qsy okykihyk vkSj dkys MkWV~l okyk dhM+k py jgk gSA ys[kuh usb'kkjk fd;kA gekjh vka[ksa ped mBhaA eSaus mls viuhmaxyh esa fy;k vkSj ge nksuksa ckgj py iM+s vkSjikl&Qsy] ikl&Qsy djds mls mM+k;kA f[kyf[kykdjgal iMs+ A fQj ls ogha vkuan vk;k tks dHkh cpiu esavkrk FkkA Le`fr;ka blh /kqaVw dhMs+] fyyh cMZ ;k ikl Qsyokys dhM+s vki tks Hkh cksyrs gksaxs] dh rjg Hkh gksrh gSaAtks Qsy esa mM+rk rks mnklh vkSj ikl esa mM+rk rks galh nstkrk FkkA dqN ;kn vk;k vkidks dqN Hkwyk&fcljk lkdqN mnkl lk ;k dqN [kfq'k;ksa HkjkA

gesa tc Hkh Qqjlr feyrh gS rks ge nksuksa gh ;k rksdksbZ eSxthu i<+uk ilan djrs gSa ;k fQj dksbZ euilandke djuk] ftls ge csQqjlrh dh otg ls ugha dj ikrs;k fQj dqN iy ds fy, cgqr lkjs oDr dks yka?kdj ihNsykSV tkrs gSa vka[ksa cUn djdsA ge tkurs gSa blls dqNgkfly ugha gksxkA ij vkidks crk,a blls ge FkksM+h nsjds fy, lc fparkvksa ls eqDr gks tkrs gSaA nsf[k, esjhys[kuh vkidh vksj b'kkjk djds fofHkUu izdkj dh HkkoHkafxek,a cuk jgh gS vkids psgjksa dks ns[kdjA Hkys ghvki gekjs lkeus ugha gSa ij ge viuh ekufld ;k=k esavkidk psgjk vkSj Hkafxek,a ns[k ik jgs gSaA mnklh okyhHkafxek] Mjus&pkSadus] jksus&galus] eqLdqjkus okyh HkafxekAvjs ?kcjkb;s erA dksbZ ckr ugha ge nksuksa dh Hkafxek,a Hkh

vf'edk 2016

33

vf'edk 2016

nso Hkwfe n'kZuvej nso cgqxq.kk

egklosZ{kd dk dk;kZy; Hkkjrh; losZ{k.k foHkkx] ] nsgjknwu

gs tuuh! gs tUe Hkwfe! rq>dks] 'kr~&'kr~ ckj ueu~]t;&t; mRrjk[k.MA

Rksjs pkj /kke gSa [;kfr uke] nsrs Hko eqfDr mins'k]Xakxk ;equk] vkSj ljLorh] nsrh thou dk lUns'k]lHkh lq[kh gksa ru eu /ku ls] uhfr vkSj ;gh gS /kjeAgs tuuh------------------- --------------------A 1A

Hkkjr ekW dk Hkky rw gh gS] guqeku] Hkjr dk ufugky rwgh gS]nso rqY; laLd`fr gS rsjh] le`) cMh [kq'kgky jgh gS]iqjk.k vkSj osn&_pkvksa dk] rq>ls gh gksrk mn~xe~Ags tuuh ------ -----A 2A

rsjh gj csVh uUnk] xkSjk] nqxkZ] ohj HkM+ks dk ns'k ¼rw gh gS½ukxtkZ dh /kjrh gS rw] ckou x<+ksa dk izns'k ¼rw gh gS½

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]]

,d laLd`fr ftlesa lgkpj.k ds fy;s vkn'kZ jke gSa]e;kZfnr vkpj.k ds vkn'kZ ?ku';ke gaS] ftlesa ;q)foHkhf"kdk jksdus ds vkn'kZ egkRek cq) gaS] ekuork dhihj gjus ds fy;s egkohj gSa] Hkzkr`Ro Hkjus ds fy;s tgkWHkjr :ih cks/k gksa ekuork fgr ds fy;s tgkW vuojr gksrs'kks/k gksa] ,slh laLd`fr tks lcls iqjkru gks tks lR;lukru gks] ,slh laLd`fr tks ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls vksrizksrgksA ,slh laLd`fr dh mTkkZ dk tks lzksr gS] ,sls iq.; izns'kds fy;s fy[kk x;k ;g L=ks= gSA izkd`frd n`f"V ls ,slkizns'k tks vR;Ur je.kh; gSA Ik;ZVu dh tgkW vikj

dkfynkl dh tUe Hkwfe rw] Kku HkfDr dk lqj laxeAgs tuuh----------------- ------------A 3A

gj lSfud rsjk ohjHknz gS] ftldk bfrgkl cMk cy'kkyh]ugh >qdk dHkh vVy fgeky;] xkFkk ftldh xkSjo'kkyh]cy&cqf) dk esy gS ,slk] tgk¡ n{k Hkh gksrs f'ko 'kj.ke~Ags tuuh---- ----A 4A

rsjh dks[k ls gh ekW tUes xcj] iUr e.kh] pUnz lqeu]rsjk oSHko cuk jgs ekW olq/kk gks T;ksa dqVqEcde~Ags tuuh--------------------- ---A 5A

gs egklw! cnzh&dsnkj tkxs'oj] gsedq.M! fijkus dfy;j];gkW ,ds'ojrk] izse e/kqjrk] jek gS d.k&d.k esa Hkqous'oj]rw vej rifLo;ksa dh Hkw ftldk] QSy jgk tx esa ijpeAgs tuuh- ---------A 6A

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lEHkkouk;as gSa ftlds dkj.k ;g Hkze.kh; gSA tgkW lukrulaLd`fr ls tqMs gq, izfl) rhFkZ LFky gSaA tgkW ufn;kWdy&dy djrh cgrh lnSo fu'Ny gSaA tgkW ls _f)flf) vkSj ln~cqf) dh f=os.kh fudyrh gSA ftldsdkj.k gh rks vknj.kh; izns'k gSA ,sls izns'k ds xhr :ihLrqfr ds ek/;e ls izns'k dh >kWdh fn[kkus dk iz;kl gSAftldk ,d ckj Hkh ;fn dksbZ ikB dj ys rks og cjclgh ,sls izns'k esa igqWpus ds fy;s vkrqj gks tk;sxk] ,slk esjkfo'okl gSA

34

e.kh& bUnzef.k cMquh]

pUnz& pUnz flag x<okyh]

lqeu& vej 'kghn Jh nso lqeu]

olq/kk T;kas gks dqVqEcde~& olq/kSo dqVqEcde~]

egklw& tkSulkj fLFkr izfl) nso LFky]

tkxs'oj& tkxs'oj egknso vYeksM+k]

jek gS& O;kIr gS]

Hkqous'oj& leLr Hkwe.My ds bZ'oj] ikrky Hkqousoj]xaxksyhgkV] fiFkkSjkx<+]

fijkus dfy;j& fijku dfy;j] :Mdh] gfj}kj]

,ds'oj& bZ'oj dh ,d:irk] ,ds'oj egknso ikSMhx<oky]

nso Hkwfe n'kZu esa iz;qDr fd;s x;s dqN 'kCnksa dsvFkZ%

lHkh lq[kh gksa losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%]

guqeku dk ufugky& egf"kZ xkSre dk vkJe] pUnzcuh]nsgjknwu]

Hkjr dk ufugky& d.o vkJe dksV}kj]

iqjk.k] osn&_pkvksa dk mn~xe LFkku ¼cnzhukFk ls ,dfdeh vkxs C;kl xqQk½]

ukxth dh /kjrh& lse&eq[kse] yexkao] fVgjh x<+oky]

dkyhnkl dh tUeHkwfe& dkyheB :nziz;kx]

n{k& Kkuh tu] n{k iztkifr] du[ky gfj)kj fLFkrizfl) efUnj]

ohj Hknz& vknj.kh; lSfud] Hkxoku f'ko dk ije HkDrx.k]

xcj& foDVksfj;k dzkl fotsrk ohj xcj flag]

iUr& lqfe=k uUnu iUr] xksfoUn cYyHk iUr]

&

vf'edk 2016

35

vf'edk 2016

Le`fr;ksa esa dSn yEgs % ;k=k&laLej.kfo|k flag

,e-ds-ih- dkWyst] nsgjknwu

eqX/k gks x;kA fo'ks"kdj lhfyax ls yVdrk gqvk tgktns[k dj vesfjdk ds uklk E;wft+;e dh ;kn gks vkbZAogk¡ eSaus dSejs ls dqN rLohjsa Hkh yhaA

Rksjg twu dks py dj yxHkx mUuhl ?kaVs dh ;k=kds ckn eSa rsjg twu dks gh vesfjdk igq¡p xbZA mudkle; gels dkQ+h ihNs gSA csVh us ?kweus dh ;kstuk igysls gh cuk yh FkhA ns[ks x, mu LFkkuksa esa dqN rks LFkkbZ:Ik ls esjs ts+gu esa cl x, gSaA baVjusV [kkstus ijgSjkuh gqbZ] muds ckjs esa ogk¡ foLrkj ls tkudkjh nh xbZgSA mudh lgk;rk eSaus bl ys[k ds fy, yh gSA

?kweus ds Øe esa lcls igyk dk;ZØe ^ykaxoqM~lxkMsZu^ dk FkkA isuflyosfu;k jkT; esa 4-2 oxZ fdeh esaQSyk gqvk ;g ,d fo'kky ckWVfudy xkMsZu gSA ckx dhlkekU; ifjdYiuk ls Ik;kZIr fHkUuA ;g ,d ckx ughavfirq dbZ ,sls ckxksa dk lewg gS tks Qwyksa] ouLifr;ksa]o`{kksa dh fHkUu fHkUu u;ukfHkjke n`';kofy;k¡ mifLFkrdjrk gSA dgha eueksgd Qwyksa ls Hkjh D;kfj;k¡ gSa rks dghaQOokjksa ds lkFk [kwclwjr ikS/kksa dh drkjA fpfM+;ksa dksfugkjus ds fy, Vªh gkml gS rks lqLrkus ds fy, Qwyksa dsckM+ ls f?kjh csapsa gSaA ,d cM+s ls cksMZ ij n'kZdksa dhlqfo/kk ds fy, iwjs ckx dk uD'kk cuk gqvk gSA

blds fuekZrk fi;js Mq ikWUV dk tUe 1870 esa gqvkFkkA cpiu esa og vius vkl&ikl dh izd`fr ls izHkkfor

i;ZVu thou ds lcls lq[kn vuqHkoksa esa ls ,d gSArHkh rks bLekby esjBh us dgk gS] ^lSj dj nqfu;k dhxkfQ+y ftUnxkuh fQj dgk¡\ ftUnxh x+j dqN jgh rksukStokuh fQj dgk¡\^ esjh lEefr esa ukStokuh ls ;gk¡vk'k; LokLF;] LQwfÙkZ ,oa meax ls ysuk gksxk D;ksafd'kjhj ls ukStoku cus jguk rks fdlh ds fy, laHko ughagSA ;fn bUlku esas mijksDr rhu usersa gSa rks i<+us dh rjg?kweus dh Hkh dksbZ mez ugha gksrhA ns'k&nqfu;k ds ckjs esatkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy, ;k;kojh dk vU; dksbZfodYi ugha gSA izkphu le; esa yksxksa ds ikl fo|ky;hf'k{kk ugha gksrh Fkh fdUrq mUgsa nwj njkt ds yksxksa dsjgu&lgu] jhfr&fjokt dh [kwc tkudkjh gksrh FkhA/kkfeZd i;ZVu] esys&Bsys dh blesa cM+h Hkwfedk gksrh FkhA?kqeDdM+h gekjs vusd lkfgR;dkjksa ds thou dk vfHkUuvax jgk gSA jkgqy lkad`R;k;u] ukxktZqu viuh ;k;kojho`fÙk ds fy, Hkh tkus tkrs gSaA ^?kqeDdM+ 'kkL=^ rFkk^vFkkrks ?kqeDdM+ ftKklk^ izo`fr iqLrdsa n'kkZrh gSa fdu;s u;s LFkkuksa dks ns[kus dh] u;s yksxksa dh thoup;kZ dsfo"k; esa tkuus dh LokHkkfod ftKklk euq"; ds LoHkkoesa gksrh gSA

;krk;kr ds vk/kqfudre lk/kuksa rFkk lapkj&ØkfUrus orZeku esa nwfj;k¡ feVk nh gSaA ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkkuij tkuk igys bruk lqxe dHkh ugha FkkA vkt fcuk'kkjhfjd d"V mBk, ge Hkze.k dj ldrs gSaA?kweus&fQjus ls ge rjksrkt+k rks gksrs gh gSa] okil viusdke esa nqxquh ÅtkZ ls yxrs gSaA thou dh ,djlrkVwVus ls Hkhrj ls mRlkg dk lapkj gksrk gSA blh fopkjls izsfjr gks dj volj feyus ij eSa izk;% Hkze.k dh;kstuk cuk ysrh gw¡A lu~ 2014 ds xzh"ekodk'k esa tccsfV;ksa us eq>s vkeaf=r fd;k rks eSa mudk vkxzg Vky uldhA 12 twu dks dkWyst cUn gqvk vkSj eSa 13 twu dhjkr esa ^yq¶rka'kk ,;jost^+ ds gokbZ tgkt esa vesfjdk dsfy, cSB xbZA nks ?kaVs dk foJke teZuh ds ÝSdQ+VZ gokbZvM~Ms ij FkkA ,;jiksVZ dh Hkhrjh ltkoV ns[k dj eu

36

Hkwy tkrk gSA ml ij lQsn cÙk[k tSlh fpfM+;ksa dhdrkj lksus esa lqgkxs dk dke djrh gSaA tgk¡ ls eksVjcksVfeyrh gS ml LFkku dks izkWLisDV IokbaV dgrs gSaaA^vesfjdk QkWYl^] ^czkbMy osy QkWYl^ rFkk ^gkWlZ “kw^vFkok ^dukfM;u QkWYl^ vyx vyx }hiksa ds e/; esafxjrs gSaA ^ywuk vkbyS.M^] ^xksV vkbyS.M^] ^cznjvkbyS.M^] ^Fkzh flLVlZ vkbyS.M^ vkfn ;gk¡ ds dqN }hiksads uke gSaA vesfjdk rFkk dukMk dh lhek ij fLFkr^fu;kxzk QkWYl^ dk ,d frgkbZ Hkkx vesfjdk esa rFkk nksfrgkbZ dukMk esa gSA fu;kxzk unh nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp esa gksdj cgrh gSA ^jsu cks iqy^ nksuksa ns'kksa dks tksM+rk gS fdUrqdukMk ds ohlk ds fcuk ogk¡ ls ugha tk;k tk ldrkAnksuks ns'kksa ds i;ZVdksa ds ikspw] tks ikuh ls Hkhxus ls cpusds fy, mUgsa fn, tkrs gSa] mudk jax vyx vyx gksrk gSftlls igpkuk tk lds fd dkSu lh Qsjh fdl ns'k dhgSA

izfr 'kqØokj ogk¡ vkfr'kckth gksrh gSA la;ksxo'kftl fnu ge fu;kxzk QkWYl ns[kus tk jgs Fks 'kqdzokj ghFkkA ?kj ls fudyus esa nsj gks xbZ Fkh] vr% esjs tkekrkxkM+h dh xfr c<+k dj le; dh HkjikbZ dj jgs FksAfpduh lM+d ij xkM+h dh xfr dk vkHkkl Hkh ugha gksjgk FkkA vpkud mUgksaus xkM+h fdukjs yxk dj jksd nhAvHkh esjs dqN le> esa vkrk fd lQsn onhZ esa yack] rxM+k]LekVZ iqfyl dk vkneh cxy esa vk dj [kM+k gks x;kAmlus crk;k fd og fu/kkZfjr xfr ls rst+ xkM+h pyk jgsgSa] blh fy, iqfyl dsk mUgsa jksduk iM+kA esjs tkekrk usvR;ar fouezrkiwoZd xkM+h rst+ xfr ls pykus dk dkj.kcrk;kA mlus xkM+h ds dkxt+ ek¡xs vkSj ihNs ys x;ktgk¡ xkM+h esa laHkor% dksbZ cM+k vf/kdkjh cSBk FkkA okilvk dj mlus dkxt+ bl psrkouh ds lkFk ykSVk, fdvkbUnk xfr dk /;ku j[ksaA ,d ckj dks lc ldrs esa vkx, Fks fdUrq lc Bhd gks x;kA

vUrr% vkfr'kckth ds le; rd ge fu;kxzk igq¡px,A cM+h la[;k esa yksx og n`'; ns[kus ds fy, meM+ iM+sFksA vesfjdk ds lkoZtfud LFkyksa ij gksus okyh HkhM+ dseqdkcys ogk¡ dkQ+h cM+h la[;k esa yksx mifLFkr FksAblls ml LFkku dh yksdfiz;rk dk vuqeku lgt ghyxk;k tk ldrk FkkA ftl le; vkfr'kckth 'kq: gqbZmifLFkr tu lewg esa g"kZ dh ygj QSy xbZA fofHkUu jaxksa

gqvkA is'ks ls m|ksxifr ikWUV us viuk 'kkSd iwjk djusds fy, 1906 esa tehu [kjhnh vkSj 1907 esa 600 QhVyack ^¶ykoj xkMsZu okWd^ cuk;k tks vkt ckx dkegÙoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA 1916 esa mlus dUt+osZVjh] ftlesa ikS/kksadks vR;f/kd /kwi] 'khr vFkok o"kkZ ls cpk;k tk lds]cuk;k vkSj 1921 esa mls turk ds fy, [kksy fn;kA1925 ls 1927 esa mlus bVkfy;u okWVj xkMsZu cuk;kAckx ds mÙkj&iwoZ esa fLFkr nynyh tehu esa QOokjsyxk,A vkt dk ^ykaxoqM xkMsZUl^ ml tehu ls dksbZlkE; ugha j[krk tks 1905 esa mlus [kjhnh FkhA bldsj[kj[kko dk okf"kZd O;; 50 fefy;u MkWyj gS rFkk rsjglkS deZpkjh] fo|kFkhZ rFkk LoSfPNd dk;ZdrkZ bldhns[kHkky esa yxs gSaA lu~ 1954 esa Qzkal }kjk lEeku izkIrdjus ds rhu fnu ckn pkSjklh o’kZ dh mez esa fi;js dhe`R;q gks xbZA viuh nwjnf'kZrk ls mlus ,slh ;kstuk cukbZFkh fd Hkfo"; esa bl ckx dh ns[kHkky cuh jgsA

gekjk vxyk Vwj Fkk fu;kxzk dkA ^fu;kxzk QkWYlLVsV ikdZ^ mÙkjh vesfjdk dk lcls izkphu LVsV ikdZ gSA;gk¡ ls cksV esa cSB dj fo'o izfl) fu;kxzk izikr] tksizfr lsd.M 750]000 xSyu ikuh NksM+rk gS] ns[kus dhO;oLFkk gSA rhu fo'kky izikrksa ds lewg dks lkewfgd :ils ;g uke fn;k x;k gSA nf{k.k vQzhdk ds foDVksfj;kQkWy ds ckn ;g nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k izikr gSA izfro"kZckjg fefy;u n'kZd bls ns[kus vkrs gSaA ;gk¡ ty vkSjtehu ,d nwljs ls yqdk fNih [ksyrs izrhr gksrs gSaANksVs&NksVs tehu ds VqdM+s] mu ij mxh jax fcjaxhouLifr;k¡ LoPN ty ds niZ.k esa tc viuk izfrfcEcfugkjrh gSa rks jaxksa ds lEeksgu esa n'kZd vius vki dks

vf'edk 2016

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vf'edk 2016

ewfÙkZ cgqr Å¡ph gksus ds dkj.k nwj ls gh fn[kus yxhFkh vkSj cksV esa cSBs Ik;ZVdksa esa gypy O;kIr gks xbZAyxHkx lHkh ;k=h vius&vius LFkku ij [kM+s gks x, FksvkSj vc QksVks [khapus esa yhu gks x, FksA uko rV ls yxhrks lHkh ;k+=h mrj x,A ,d cM+s ls nwjchu ds LyWkV esaflDdk Mky dj mlls ns[kus ij eq[; Hkwfe ij cus U;w;kWdZds LdkbZLdzsilZ rFkk gkcZj cgqr fudV izrhr gksrs FksA

^LVspw vkWQ fycVhZ^ Ýkal ds ukxfjdksa }kjk vesfjdkokfl;ksa dks vesfjdh&Ýkal fe++=rk ds izrhd Lo:Ik]vesfjdk dh vktknh ds lkS o"kZ iw.kZ gksus ds miy{; esafn;k x;k migkj gSA bldh ladYiuk ÝsMfjd vkWxLVckFkksZYMh dh Fkh ftUgksaus ewfRkZ cukbZ Fkh rFkk bldkÝseodZ Ýkal ds bathfu;j xqLrko bZfQy us rS;kj fd;kFkkA ewfÙkZ ds eqdqV esa yxh lkr rhfy;k¡ lkr leqnz rFkklkr egk}hi dh |ksrd gSaA ewfRkZ dh Å¡pkbZ 305 QhV gSAblesa 31 Vu rk¡ck rFkk 125 Vu LVhy dk iz;ksx gqvk gSAewfRkZ ds vk/kkj dk ot+u 27000 Vu gSA 3-5 yk[k yksx

esa ljkcksj izikr dk n`'; vkt Hkh esjh Le`fr esa fo|ekugSA ,d Hkkjrh; lTtu vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk vesfjdkHkze.k ij vk, FksA gesa Hkkjrh; igpku dj og Lo;a gekjsfudV vk x, FksA vxys fnu uhyk ikspw igu dj]eksVjckssV }kjk ge izikr ds fudV rd x,A ge Msd ijjsfyax idM+ dj [kM+s Fks] izikr ds ut+nhd ig¡qpus ijyxk Qsjh dksgjs esa lek xbZ gSA ikuh dh cw¡nksa dh ckSNkjyxkrkj Åij fxj jgh Fkh vkSj lkeus dk dqN Hkh ut+jugha vk jgk FkkA vxys fnu geus nwljk izikr ns[kkAcjlkr esa tSls bUnz/kuq"k] gwcgw oSlk gh n`'; izikr dsfudV cu jgk FkkA geus ogk¡ nks jkrsa O;rhr dha vkSjykSVrs le; fiV~lcxZ esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh;ksa ds efUnj dkn'kZu fd;kA ogk¡ Vksdu [kjhn dj pk;] dkWQ+h] bMyh]ngh & pkoy vkfn [kk| inkFkZ vkjke ls cSB dj [kkusds fy, dqlhZ est yxs FksA LoPNrk ds lkFk cus Hkkjrh;'kkdkgkjh O;atu [kk dj vR;Ur r`fIr feyhA

gekjh vxyh ;k=k U;w;kdZ dh FkhA vkWlcuZ]othZfu;k ls ik¡p ?kaVs ds lQj ds ckn ge U;w;kdZ esa FksAxkM+h ikdZ djus ds ckn csVh us fVdV fy;k vkSj ge Qsjhds fy, ykbu esa yx x,A /kwi rst+ gksus ds dkj.k izrh{kkdjuk d"Vizn yx jgk FkkA FkksM+h nsj esa cksV vkbZ vkSjge leqnz dh ygjksa ij lokj gq,A nqfu;k ds lkrvk'p;ksZa esa 'kqekj ^LVspw vkWQ fycVhZ^ vkt ns[k ldw¡xh]lksp&lksp dj eu vkºykfnr gks jgk FkkA ^LVspw vkWQfycVhZ^ ls igys cksV gesa ,fyl }hi ij ys xbZA ogk¡,d cM+k lk laxzgky; Fkk ftlesa cM+s&cM+s fp++++=ksa dsek/;e ls vesfjdk ds clus dh dgkuh n'kkZ;h xbZ FkhAyxHkx ,d ?kaVk ogk¡ #dus ds ckn ge fycVhZ }hi dsfy, nqckjk cksV esa cSB x,A

38

Ik;ZVdksa ds fy, vR;Ur lqfo/kktud gksrs gSaA esVªks vFkokcl dk ikl ys dj ;gk¡ cgqr vkjke ls Hkze.k dj ldrsgSaA fo'o cSad] vUrjk"Vªh; eqnzkdks’k] OgkbZV gkml] lalndh fcfYMax] dSfiVy fgy rFkk vusd E;wft;e blhus”kuy ekWy dgs tkus okys {ks= esa fLFkr gSaA budsvfrfjDr blh {ks= esa vR;ar izfl) ekU;wesUV rFkkeseksfj;y gSaA Mh- lh- eseksfj;y mu lcesa fo'ks’k gSA ;gvesfjdk ds izFke jk"Vªifr tkWtZ okf'kaxVu dh Le`fr esaukxfjdksa ds vuqnku ls cuk gSA

ftl le; Okkf'kaxVu ekU;wesUV fufeZr gqvk Fkk] ;gvesfjdk dh lcls Å¡ph bekjr FkhA blds fupys Hkkx esaipkl /ot yxs gSa tks vesfjdk ds ipkl jkT;ksa ds izrhdgSaA vkB yk[k n'kZd izfr o"kZ bls ns[kus vkrs gSaA ;gbruk Å¡pk gS fd ckgj ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ls fn[kkbZ nsrkgSA blesa Åij tkus ds fy, fy¶V gS tgk¡ ls ckgjfn[kkbZ nsrk gSA :t+osYV] tks vesfjdk ds pkj ckj pqustkus okys vdsys jk"Vªifr gSa rFkk ftUgksaus f}rh; fo';q)ds le; ns'k dk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk] muds uke ls :t+osYVE;wft+;e ;gha LFkkfir gSA vU; egÙoiw.kZ E;wft+;e gSatsQjlu E;wft+;e rFkk fyadu eseksfj;y tks vesfjdk dsiwoZ jk"Vªifr gSa rFkk ekfVZu ywFkj eseksfj;yA fLeFklksfuvu LVs'ku ij mrj dj bu LFkkuksa dks cgqr vkjkels ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

pw¡fd eSa igys Hkh ;gk¡ ?kwe pqdh Fkh vr% bl ckj csVhlkFk ugha xbZA og ^gkWi vkWu gkWi vkWQ+ jsM ykbu cl^dk ikl ys dj eq>s vkSj vius “olqj dks cl esa cSBk djvius vkWfQl] varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks’k] pyh xbZA FkksM+h nsjrd eu la”k; ls f?kjk jgk fd dgha ge HkVd u tk,¡fdUrq tc igys ns[ks gq, LFkku lkeus ls xqt+jus yxs rcvius Hkhrj fo'okl ykSVkA bl ckj ^tsQ+jlu E;wft;e^cM+k lwuk yx jgk Fkk D;ksafd igyh ckj tc eSa ogk¡ xbZFkh] ^psjhCykWlEl QsfLVoy^ py jgk FkkA clUr dkekSle Fkk vkSj VkbMy csflu ds fdukjs ds o`{k Qwyksa lsyns gq, FksA esjs t+sgu esa og Le`fr dkSa/k xbZA

lu~ 2008]ekpZ ds vfUre lIrkg esa] eSa csVh ds ikligyh ckj vesfjdk xbZ FkhA os yksx tgk¡ jgrs Fks]vklikl ds vf/kdrj Hkkjrh; vkU/kzizns'k ds FksA dksbZ,slk ugha Fkk ftlls fgUnh esa ckr dj ldw¡A ml le;eSaus ;g f'kn~nr ls vuqHko fd;k fd Hkk"kk gesa fdruk

bls izfro"kZ ns[kus vkrs gSaA LVspw ds gkFk esa tks iqLrd gSmlesa jkseu esa 4 tqykbZ 1776 fy[kk gqvk gS D;ksafd blhrkjh[k esa vesfjdk baXyS.M ls vktkn gqvk FkkA

U;w;kWdZ vesfjdk dk vR;Ur O;Lr O;kolkf;d 'kgjgSA bldh tula[;k dk ?kuRo Hkh vkSj 'kgjksasa ls vf/kdgSA bl 'kgj esa vusd egÙoiw.kZ bekjrsa gSa ftuesadk;kZy; LFkkfir gSaA eSugVu ds e/; esa fLFkr VkbElLDos;j dh lqUnjrk jkr esa dbZ xquk c<+ tkrh gSAtxexkrs cM+s&cM+s gksfMZaXl cjcl viuh vksj /;ku[khprs gSaA 103 eaftyh vEik;j LVsV fcfYMax tks dqNo"kZ igys rd U;w;kdZ dh lcls Å¡ph bekjr Fkh] ;ghafLFkr gSA vc og f[kld dj rhljs LFkku ij vk xbZ gSAorZeku esa U;w;kWdZ esa lcls Å¡ph bekjr oYMZ VªsM lssaVjdh gS tks 2001 esa vkradokfn;ksa }kjk /oLr dj fn, x,tqM+ok¡ VkolZ ds LFkku ij cuh gSA vesfjdh ljdkj us9&11 flrEcj ds geys esa ekjs x, fujijk/k yksxksa dhLe`fr esa t+hjks xzkm.M ij ,d cM+k Lekjd fufeZr djk;kgS ftl ij fnoaxr yksxksa ds uke vafdr gSaA ml Lekjddks ns[k dj vk¡[ksa Lor% Hkj vkrh gSaA ^U;w;kWdZ LVkWd,Dlpsat^ tks fo'o dk lcls cM+k dkjksckjh gc gS] okWyLVªhV eSugVu esa gh gSA bldk izrhd cqy gS ftls ns[kuscgqr yksx vkrs gSaA

vc ckjh Fkh vesfjdk dh jkt/kkuh okf'kaxVu dhAokf'kaxVu esa brus n'kZuh; LFky gSa fd ,d ;k nks fnu esamUgsa ns[k ikuk laHko ugha gSA vdsys us'kuy ekWy esa bruscM+s&cM+s E;wft;e gSa fd ,d&,d dks ns[kus ds fy, ,dfnu Ik;kZIr ughs gSA LFkku&LFkku ij yxs lkbucksMZ ftuij ml LFkku ds vklikl ds {ks= dk mYys[k gksrk gS]

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vf'edk 2016

^psjh CykWlEl^ tkikuh ”kCn ^ldwjk^ dk Ik;kZ;okph gStks thou dh fujarjrk rFkk HkkSfrd lkSUn;Z dh {k.kHkaxqjrk dks O;Dr djus okyk gSA ;s Qwy Hkh vk¡/kh] ikuhugha lgu dj ikrsA

thou ds fodkl dh fofHkUu HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dksle>us dh n`f"V ls ûspqjy fgLVªh E;wft;e^ cgqregÙoiw.kZ gSA fdl izdkj ty ls thoksa dh mRifÙk gqbZrFkk chrrs le; ds lkFk dkSu lh iztkfr;k¡ yqIr gks xbZavkfn ckrsa vR;Ur flyflysokj <ax ls ;gk¡ iznf”kZr dhxbZ gSaA Mk;uklksj ds cM+s cM+s dadky ns[kdj Hk; fefJrjksekap gks tkrk gSA

ûklk E;wft;e^ vuwBk gSA blesa fdl izdkj mM+rsif{k;ksa dks ns[k dj ekuo ds Hkhrj mM+us dh bPNk tkxzrgqbZ gksxh rFkk bl iz;kl esa fdl&fdl izdkj dsvkjafHkd ;ku cus] izksisylZ esa fdl rjg ds cnyko gq,]lcdks lkdkj vkd`fr;ksa esa ns[kuk vR;Ur Kkuo)Zd gSA

Hkkjghu djrh gS! eq>s dfo dsnkj ukFk flag dh iafDr;k¡]^^tSls phafV;k¡ ykSVrh gSa @fcyksa esa@dBQksM+ok ykSVrk gSdkB ds ikl@vks! esjh Hkk"kk@eSa ykSVrk gw¡ rqeesa@tcpqi jgrs&jgrs@ vdM+ tkrh gS esjh thHk@nq[kus yxrhgS@ esjh vkRek^^ cgqr ;kn vkrh FkhaA eSa vius dks cgqrohjkus esa vuqHko djrh FkhA blh euksn'kk esa esjs dkuksa esave`r cjlkrh vkokt iM+h Fkh îa[k gksrs rks mM+ vkrh jsjfl;k vks------^ uojax fQYe dk ;g xkuk esjs fny esaHkhrj rd mrjrk pyk x;k FkkA esjh ftKklk dk “keudjrs gq, esjs tkekrk us crk;k fd ;gk¡ ,d QsfLVoypy jgk gS] bl le; dksbZ Hkkjrh; dykdkj izLrqfr nsjgk gSA fdUrq vQ+lksl tc rd ge ogk¡ ig¡qps og xkuklekIr gks pqdk Fkk vkSj vc LVst ij vius ikjaifjdifj/kkuksa esa lth /kth tkikuh ;qofr;k¡ lkewfgd u`R; djjgh FkhaA rhu pkj iq#"k fdukjs cSBs ok| ;a= ctk jgs FksAxhr ds cksy e/kqj Fks vkSj u`R; vR;URk “kkyhu FkkA eq>svius ;gk¡ ds chgw u`R; dh ;kn gks vkbZA ekywe gqvk ;g^psjh CykWlEl QsfLVoy^ gSA bl QsfLVoy dk bfrgklvR;Ur jkspd gSA

lSdM+ksa o"k iwoZ tkiku okfl;ksa us vesfjdk ds lkFktkiku dh fe=rk ds izrhd ds :Ik es 2000 ikS/ks iksVkseSdunh ds rV ij jksius ds fy, Hksts FksA nqHkkZX;o”k mu o`{kksaesa dhM+s yx x,A bl ij jk’Vªifr fofy;e gkoMZ us d`f"kvf/kdkfj;ksa ds ijke”kkZuqlkj mu o`{kksa dks tykus dkvkns”k ns fn;kA fdlh izdkj ds fookn ls cpus ds fy,vesfjdh lfpo us tkiku ds jktnwr dks nq[k trk;kAtkiku us iqu% 3000 o`{k HkstsA ;s ikS/ks LoLFk Fks vr% cgqrvPNh rjg fodflr gq,A nksuks ns”kksa dh fe=rk ds ukeij igyk ^psjh CykWlEl QsfLVoy 1935 esa euk;k x;kFkk fdUrq 1941 esa iyZgkcZj ij tkiku }kjk ce fxjk,tkus ds ckn pkj psjh ds o`{k dkV Mkys x, FksA fdUrqckn esa lc lkekU; gks x;kA izR;sd olar esa ;g mRloeuk;k tkrk gSA ftl le; 70 izfr”kr Qwy f[ky tkrsgS ,d frfFk dh ?kks"k.kk ljdkj dj nsrh gS vkSj mlh fnuls vk;kstu vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA ns”kh&fons”kh i;ZVdksa dks;g n`”; cgqr yqHkkrk gSA nwj&nwj rd tgk¡ Hkh fuxkgtkrh gS lQsn xqykch jax ds pedhys Qwy viuk lkSUn;Zfc[ksjrs ut+j vkrs gSaA og n`”; ns[kuk ,d vfoLej.kh;vuqHko gSA yksx ogk¡a fidfud Hkh eukrs gSaA

40

us vkWuykbu fVdV cqd djk fy;kA gekjh ¶ykbV lqcglkr ct dj nl feuV ij Fkh blfy, jkr esa gh geyksx ,ElVMZe vk x,A gksVy dh cl esa ge LVs'ku lsvk x,A gksVy dh cqfdax csVh us igys ls gh djk yh FkhA

fu;r le; ij tgkt mM+k vkSj ?kaVs Hkj ds lQj dsckn tsusok ,;jiksVZ ij mrj x;kA gekjs ikl flQ+Zdsfcu cSx Fks ftlls ge psd bu dk lkeku ysus ds>a>V ls eqDr FksA geus ikliksVZ j[k fy, Fks fdUrq fdlhus fdlh rjg dh iwNrkN ugha dhsA “ksaxsu ohlk Fkk blfy, vyx ls fLoV~tjyS.M ds fy, ohlk dh vko';drkugha FkhA tgkt ls ckgj vk dj vHkh ,d csap ij cSBh Fkhfd ut+j lkeus j[ks pkj cM+s&cM+s fMCcksa ij iM+h A pkjvyx&vyx rjg dk dwM+k Mkyus ds fy,] fdl rjg dkdwM+k fdl fMCcs esa Mkyk tk,xk] mu ij fy[kk gqvk FkkAdkSrqgy o'k eSaus viuh Mk;jh esa uksV Hkh dj fy;k FkkAØe'k% ,Y;qfefu;e] isij&U;wt+isij rFkk eSxthu] ikyrwi'kqvksa ds IykfLVd cksryksa ds fy, rFkk vU; izdkj dsdwM+s ds fy, pkj fMCcs FksA ogk¡ izR;sd lwpuk Qzsap] teZurFkk vaxzsth esa nh tkrh FkhA mudk vaxzsth dk mPpkj.kfcYdqy fHkUu FkkA la;ksx ls csVh teZu tkurh gS vr%vR;ar fo'okliwoZd og Vªsu idM+rh FkhA ;|fi ogk¡ lscuZ] tgk¡ mldh lgsyh Fkh] tsusok ls Ms<+ ?kaVs dh nwjh ijFkk fdUrq Qksu }kjk ekywe gqvk fd ogk¡ ml le; ckfj'kgks jgh Fkh blfy, b/kj ?kwe ysuk csgrj gksxkA csVh usrhu fnu dk ikl ys fy;kA esjs fy, vk'p;Z Fkk fd mlikl }kjk ge Vªsu ls] cl ls vFkok eksVjcksV ls lQj djldrs FksA

tks Nk= budk voyksdu djrs gksaxs mUgsa cgqr deiz;Ru esa cgqr tkudkjh fey tkrh gksxhA lcls lq[knyxrk gS pUnz;ku dh vuqd`fr ns[kuk tks igyh ckjekuo ds lkFk pUnzek ij mrjk FkkA buds vfrfjDrus”kuy twykWftdy tw] ckWVfudy xkMsZu vkfn Hkh euefLr"d ij LFkk;h izHkko NksM+rs gSaA ^OgkbZV gkml^ dhbekjr dh tks dYiuk esjs efLr"d esa Fkh] okLrfodrk esaog mlds vuq:Ik ugha FkhA mlds uke ls esjh dYiuk esa,d HkO; Nfo mHkjrh Fkh fdUrq tc lkeus ns[kk rks ogbekjr fugk;r lkekU; yxh] gk¡ laln Hkou ftlsdSfiVy fgy ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] cgqr lqUnj gSA

esjh vesfjdk esa jgus dh vof/k lekIr gks pyh FkhvkSj vc eq>s viuh NksVh csVh ds ikl gkWyS.M vkuk FkkAlkr tqykbZ dks vesfjdk ds Mykl gokbZ vM~Ms ij csVhtkekrk NksM+us vk, FksA yxHkx ukS ?kaVs dh ;k=k ds ckneSa ,ElVMZe ,;jiksVZ ij FkhA NksVh csVh vius ,d fe=dh xkM+h ls viuh pkj o"khZ; csVh ds lkFk eq>s fyokus vkxbZ FkhA esjk lkeku xkM+h esa j[kok dj ykSVus ds fy,mlus Vªsu dk fVdV ys fy;kA mlds fe= ogha ls viusvkWfQl fudy x, FksA ijnsl esa vius ns'k dk dSlktT+ck gksrk gS] ogk¡ tk dj vuqHko gksrk gSA lc ,d nwljsdh cM+h lgk;rk djrs gSaA

jkLrs esa csVh us crk;k fd eq>s ljizkbt+ nsus ds fy,mUgksaus tks dkWVst g¶rs Hkj ds fy, fLoV~tjyS.M esa cqddjk;k Fkk] jtr ds vpkud Hkkjr tkus ds dkj.k mlsdSfUly djkuk iM+kA ek¡ dh rfc;r [kjkc gks tkus dhot+g ls mudks Hkkjr vkuk iM+k FkkA ^vc yksdy gh?kwesaxs^ mlus ek;wl gks dj dgkA ^dksbZ ckr ugha^ eSaus mlsvk'oLr fd;kA fdUrq ;gh ckr tc mlus viuhfLoV~tjyS.M okyh lgsyh ls crkbZ rks mlus vkxzgiwoZddgk ^esjs ?kj jg dj vkaVh dks ?kqekvks] ij ;gk¡ vkvkst:jA^ NksVh d{kkvksa esa dHkh i<+k Fkk ^fLoV~tjyS.M/kjrh dk LoxZ gS^ rFkk ^d'ehj Hkkjr dk fLoV~tjyS.MgSA^ vr% bu nksuksa LFkkuksa dks ns[kus dh bPNk esjs Hkhrjfo|eku FkhA d'ehj dk rks ,d ckj fVdV Hkh djk fy;kFkk fdUrq ogk¡ dk ekgkSy fcxM+ x;k Fkk vkSj gesa viusfVdV fujLr djkus iM+s FksA

fLoV~tjyS.M dk bl rjg lq;ksx cusxk] dHkh lkspkugha FkkA viuh lgsyh dh ckrksa ls mRlkfgr gks dj csVh

vf'edk 2016

41

vf'edk 2016

tsusok ls ykmt+ku] ykmt+ku ls ekWfUVªDl] fQjekWfUVªDl ls LokbT+esu geus iuksjek Vªsu ls ;k=k dhA bulHkh LFkkuksa ij Vªsu cnyrs jgs fdUrq Vªsu cnyus ds fy,fdlh vU; IysVQkWeZ ij ugha tkuk iM+kA eueksgdigkfM+;k¡] gjs&Hkjs taxy] dHkh Vsªu lqjax esa izos'k djrhvkSj tgk¡ lqjax [kRe gksrh vk¡[k ds lkeus ,d u;kut+kjk gksrkA eSa bu n`';ksa ls vfHkHkwr FkhA gjs jax dsfofo/k izdkj pfdr djrs FksA ?kwers&fQjrs ge 'kke dkscuZ igq¡psA vxys fnu jfookj Fkk vr% vius ifr ds lkFkcsVh dh lgsyh 'osrk Hkh gekjs lkFk py nhA

fLoV~tjyS.M ds igkM+ksa dh [kwclwjrh ls ifjfpr gksusds fy, Vªsfdax ogk¡ cgqr yksdfiz; gSA lSykuh dkWVst cqddjkrs gSa vkSj vyx vyx igkM+ksa ij tkrs gSaA geus Hkh ;gvuqHko ysuk pkgkA cl }kjk ge igys LVspsycxZ x,A og,d [kwclwjr LFkku gSA ogk¡ pkjks vksj ds igkM+ksa ls fujUrjty dh /kkjk,¡ uhps vkrh jgrh gaSA ml fnu gekjs xkbM

Fks vf'ouh] “osrk ds ifrA Vªsfdax ds fy, mUgksaus ftligkM+h dk pquko fd;k] mldk jkLrk vR;ar lgt FkkAÅij p<+us ds fy, pkSM+k iSny iFk FkkA jkLrs esa LoPNty ds >jus] rjg&rjg ds Lor% f[kys gq, Qwy rFkk ekxZesa feyus okys lSykuh Fkdku dk cks/k ugha gksus nsrs FksAyxHkx rhu cts ge fQj ogha vk x, Fks tgk¡ ls Vªsfdax“kq: dh FkhA blds Ik'pkr~ geus DokVtZZ ds igkM+ ns[ksAnksuksa vksj Å¡ps&Å¡ps igkM+ksa ds chp esa osx ls cgrh gqbZty/kkjk vkSSj mlds fdukjs ij igkM+ ds lkFk&lkFk cusydM+h ds iqy ls yxHkx ,d fdyksehVj dh iSny ;k=kjksekapdkjh vuqHko FkkA

fLoV~tjyS.M ds n'kZuh; LFkkuksa esa fVVfyl dkegÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ;|fi ;gk¡ vusd Xysf';j gSa fdUrqfVVfyl ekmUVsu Hkkjrh; i;ZVdksaa dh igyh ilan gSA;gk¡ igqpus ds fy, igys ,fUtycxZ tkuk iM+rk gSA nlgtkj QhV dh Å¡pkbZ rd Vªsu tkrh gSA blds cknikjn'khZ Vªkyh] ftls ^xsUMksyk^ dgk tkrk gS] mleas cSB djpkj&ik¡p gtkj QhV dh p<+kbZ ikj dj cQZ ds igkM+ksa ijigqprs gSaA ;g fo'o dk lcls igyk xUMksyk vFkkZr~ jksi osij Pkyus okyh Vªkyh gSA ;gk¡ nwj&nwj rd cQZ dsvfrfjDr vkSj dqN fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA blh ds chp gSfVVfyl ekmUVsu LVs'ku tgk¡ i;ZVdksa ds euksjatu dsfy, rjg&rjg dh xfrfof/k;k¡ vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSaA;gk¡ ,d vR;Ur 'kkunkj jsLVksjsUV gS tgk¡ rjg rjg dkuk'rk] Hkkstu] is; lc miyC/k gSA blds Åij tkus dsfy, lhf<+;k¡ gSaA ogk¡ ,d cM+k d{k gS ftlesa dbZ lksQs iM+sgSaA ogk¡ cSB dj f[kM+dh ls ckgj dk n'; fugkjuk vR;UreuHkkou gSA ogk¡ cQZ dh xqQk,¡ lokZf/kd vkd"kZd gSaA150 ehVj yEckbZ okyh o chl ehVj Å¡ph cQZ dh xqQkvksads Hkhrj cgqr lqUnj ekuo fufeZr vkdfr;k¡ gSa] tks u tkusfdrus o"kksZa ls blh :Ik esa gSaA twu ds eghus esa vksojdksV]dSi] nLrkus] cUn twrs iguus ds ckn Hkh BaM+ gM~Mh rdeglwl gksrh FkhA bl xqQk ds Hkhrj Hkze.k djrs gq, fdlhtknqbZ yksd esa ?kweus dk ,glkl gksrk gSA

la;ksxo'k ftl le; ge ogk¡ igq¡ps] cQhZys rwQku dhlaHkkouk ds dkj.k Ik;ZVdksa dks Åij [kqys esa tkus ls jksdfn;k x;kA cM+h&cM+h f[kM+fd;ksa ls ckgj fxjrh cQZ dksns[k dj gh lUrks"k djuk iM+kA ykSVrs le; fi?kyrkXysf';j ns[k dj lq[kn vuqHkwfr gqbZA ogh ty] tks uhps

42

vf'edk 2016

vk dj jaxghu gks tkrk gS] Åij ls tc uhps vkrk gS rksns[k dj yxrk gS tSls nw/k dh /kkjk cg jgh gSA izdfriznÙk lkSUn;Z vkSj euq"; dk mls lajf{kr j[krs gq, viuseuksjatu ds fy, mldk mi;ksx fdl rjg fd;k tkldrk gS] bls ns[kuk gks rks ,d ckj ;gk¡ dh lSj t:jdjuh pkfg,A

;g ns'k vR;Ur 'kkUr gSA izFke ,oa f}rh; fo'o;q) dsle; tc iwjk ;wjksi mlesa dwn iM+k Fkk] fLoV~tjyS.MrVLFk FkkA ;fn ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dh lân;rk dh ppkZ ud:¡ rks muds izfr vU;k; gksxkA vR;f/kd Å¡pkbZ dsdkj.k ;ksa rks esjk Hkh th FkksM+k ?kcjkus yxk Fkk fdUrq esjhukfru dks rks mYVh Hkh gks xbZZA Bhd dSUVhu ds ckgj lkQlqFkjk Q'kZ xUnk gks x;kA gesa vQ+lksl gqvkA csVh iSls nsdj lQkbZ djokus ds fy, rS;kj Fkh fdUrq gesa vk'p;Zgqvk tc ekfyd us dgk] ^^vki bldh fQ+dz u djsa ^A geogk¡ fQj Hkh [kM+s jgs] rHkh ,d vkneh ikuh dk ikbi ysdj vkSj nwljk cM+s ls gSfUMy okyk cz'k ys dj vk;k vkSjml LFkku dks igys tSlk lkQ lqFkjk dj fn;kA eSaus ,dckr ij /;ku fn;k fd Ik;ZVdksa esa vf/kdka'kr% Hkkjrh; FksAos ftu csapksa ij cSBs Fk]s muds vklikl flxjsV dk VksVk][kkus ihus dh NksVh&NksVh phtsa] vknr ds vuqlkj fxjk

j[kh FkhaA lQkbZ djus okys us ,d ut+j mu ij Mkyh tksrh[kh ugh] rks vPNh Hkh ugha FkhA

fLoV~tjyS.M esa NksVh&cM+h vusd >hysa gSa ftuesatsusok rFkk Y;wtu+Z dkQh yksdfiz; gSaA geus Qsjh esa lSjds fy, Y;wtuZ ysd dk pquko fd;kA vxys fnu vkjkels mBs vkSj cqysV Vªssu esa cSB dj ml LFkku ij igq¡ps tgk¡ls Qsjh feyrh FkhA 'kke dk le; Fkk fdUrq vHkh lwjtvLrkpyxkeh ugha gqvk FkkA nkseaftys eksVjcksV dhcukoV dqN bl izdkj dh Fkh fd mldk batu Åij lsfn[kkbZ nsrk FkkA fn[kkbZ nsus okyk Hkkx vR;ar vkd"kZdFkkA eksVjcksV esa cSB dj 'kh'ks dh f[kM+dh ls ckgj rVdk n`'; vR;Ur lqUnj yxrk FkkA bPNk gksrh Fkh lcdqN dSejs esa dSn dj yw¡ vkSj fd;k HkhA cgqr ls yksxvius fe=ksa ds lkFk Øwt+ esa xi'ki vkSj Hkkstu dk HkhvkuUn mBk jgs FksA gesa cuZ igq¡pus esa ckjg ctus okys Fksvr% geus Hkh jkr dk Hkkstu ogha fy;kA 'kkdkgkjh yksxksadks ckgj Hkkstu lEcU/kh fnDdr vkrh gS D;ksafd'kkdkgkjh O;atu esa os yksx vaMk Hkh 'kkfey djrs gSaA gesaokil csVh dh lgsyh ds ?kj vkus esa jkr ds lk<+s ckjgct x, FksA fnu ds eqdkcys Vªsu dkQh [kkyh Fkh] LVs'kudh jkSud Hkh de gks xbZ Fkh fdUrq fdlh izdkj dk Hk;ugha lrk jgk FkkA

gekjh ;k=k dk ;g vfUre fnu Fkk vkSj bls geuscuZ esa ?kweus ds fy, lqjf{kr j[kk FkkA 'osrk gekjs lkFkFkhA 'kgj ds chp esa cgus okyh unh ij cuk iqy ikj djge ch;j ikdZ igq¡psA ogk¡ Hkkyqvksa ds fy, Hkwfery esa uhpsxqQk,¡ cukbZ xbZ gSaA ?kweus ds fy, Hkkyw xqQk ls ckgj Hkh

43

vf'edk 2016

vkrs gSaA ogk¡ ls dkQh p<+kbZ ikj djus ij jkst+ xkMsZu gStgk¡ ls 'kgj dk dkQh cMk+ Hkkx fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;wjksi ds'kgjksa esa eq>s ,d n`'; gj txg ut+j vk;kA cktkjksa dschp esa cM+k lk [kqyk Hkkx gksrk gS ftlds fdukjs[kkus&ihus ds fy, jsLVksjsUV gksrs gSaA bu LFkkuksa ds Q'kZbrus lkQ lqFkjk gksrs gSa fd ?kweus ls Fkds gq, i;ZVd Q'kZij cSB dj Je dk ifjgkj djrs gSaA dgha&dgha ij dqNyksx 'kkSfd;k xkrs ctkrs gSaA ogk¡ dksbZ Hkh[k ek¡xrk ut+jugha vkrk fdUrq pSfjVh ckWDl dbZ txg ut+j vkrs gSaAcuZ 'kgj ds chp esa Hkh ,slk LFkku Fkk fdUrq eSaus ns[kk ogk¡uhps dksbZ ugh cSBk FkkA ml LFkku dk mi;ksx ckt+kjyxkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ogk¡ vR;Ur lt+h /kthnqdkusa jkst+ lqcg ls yxrh gSa tgk¡ Qy Qwy vkSj rkt+hlfCt;k¡ feyrh gSaA ikl gh iwjk ckt+kj gS] dbZ eaftysLVksj gSa tgk¡ czkaMsM diM+s] twrs] cSx vkfn lHkh rjg dklkeku miyC/k gSA fLol ?kfM+;k¡ rFkk fLol pkWdysV iwjsfo'o esa izfl) gSaA ;gk¡ dh tlhZ xk,¡ cgqr LoLFk gksrh gSarFkk cgqr nw/k nsrh gSaA 'osrk us gesas ogk¡ dk ikfyZ;kesUVgkml] ?kaVk?kj vkfn fn[kk;kA ge dc ?kwe jgs gksrs] dcpepekrh Vªke esa cSB tkrs] ;g lq[kn vuqHko FkkA ;ksa rks;wjksi&vesfjdk lHkh txg ?kweuk csgn lqfo/kktud gSfdUrq fLoV~tjyS.M esa rks ;g lgwfy;r dqN vf/kd ghgSA

'kke dks xk¡o fn[kkus dk izLrko vf'ouh dh vksj lsvk;kA esjh rks tSls nqvk gh dqcwy gks xbZA Vªsu esa cSB djge py iM+s xk¡o dh lSj ds fy,A jkLrsa esa cgqr Å¡ph&Å¡ph bekjrsa fn[khaA ekywe gqvk nw/k ls rjg&rjg dspht+] pkWdysV rFkk vU; mRiknksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, xk¡oksaesa dkj[kkus yxk, x, FksA vc ge iSny [ksrksa ds chp esacus iDds jkLrs ij FksA ,d rjQ LoLFk eDds ds ikS/ksnwljh vksj ids gq, tkS ds [ksr] ns[k dj vk'p;Z gqvkAgekjs vius ns'k esa ;s nksuksa Qlysa vyx&vyx le; ijgksrh gSaA Xkk¡o esa ?kj rks fn[kkbZ fn,] [ksrh ds midj.k Hkhfn[ks fdUrq vkneh ,d Hkh ugha fn[kkA xys esa yVdrhcM+h lh ?kaVh] Hkwjs jax dh LoLFk tlhZ xk; dgha&dghafn[kkbZ nhA ;wjksi ds 'kgjkas dk {ks=Qy de gS rFkk;krk;kr ds lk/kuksa dh miyC/krk bruh vf/kd gS fdfcuk O;fDrxr okgu ds Hkh fdlh izdkj dh ijs'kkuh ughagksrhA

vc nqckjk bu LFkkuksa dks ns[kus dk la;ksx 'kk;n ghcus] fdUrq Le`fr ds dks'k esa ;s n`'; lnk ds fy, lafprgks x, gSaA csfV;ksa dk vkRefo'okl ns[k dj ;g /kkj.kkiq[rk gqbZ fd ;fn mUgsa f'k{kk dk Hkjiwj volj fn;k tk,rks os csVksa ls dgha de ugha gSaA

44

izrkfM+r dh rkM+ukvt; dqekj fc;kuh

HkwfoKku foHkkx] Mh-ch-,l-ihth- dkyst] nsgjknwu

vkt ds ;qx esa ekuo tkfr dh c<+rh gqbZ izxfr esai`Foh ls izkIr lalk/kuksa dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA i`Foh easmiyC/k lalk/kuksa dk nksgu euq"; izpqj ek=k esa dj jgkgSA bl c<+rs gq, mi;ksx ds nq"izHkko ,d rks Lo;a euq";ij gks jgs gSa rFkk blls izd`fr ij Hkh nq"izHkkoksa dh fpUrkfnu&izfr&fnu eq[kj gksrh tk jgh gSA i`Foh fgrS"kh gksusds dkj.k vkt cgqr ls fo}ku] usrk] lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ,oa Loa; HkwoSKkfud Hkh i`Foh ij gksus okyh gj v'kqHk?kVuk ds fy, dgha&u&dgha ls euq"; ds gLr{ksi rFkkekuo tfur dkj.kksa dks nks’kh Bgjkdj viuhlaosnu'khyrk] tkx:drk rFkk Hkfo";nª"Vk gksus dsizek.k nsrs gSa vkSj vDlj ekax Hkh djrs gaS fd fodkl lstqMh xfrfof/k;ksa ij iw.kZ jksd yxk nh tk,A ,slk vDljizrhr gksrk gS fd ewy iz'u ds ihNs dh leL;k dklek/kku D;k gksuk pkfg,] blls bu yksxksa dks dksbZ ysuknsuk ugh gSaA ,d nwljk iz'u~ ;gk ij ;g Hkh mBrk gS fdizd`fr es gksus okyh gj nq[knk;h =klnh dk ftEesnkjeuq"; gh gS\ euq"; dk izHkko lkekU; rkSj ij ty ,aook;q iznw"k.k es utj vk tkrk gS vkSj budk gelkekU;hdj.k vFkok tujykbts'ku dj gj ?kVuk dkseuq"; dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls tksM+ nsrs gSaA Hkw&foKkuh vPNhrjg ls tkurs gS fd ty vkSj ok;q iznw"k.k esa Hkh i`FohvFkok izd`fr dk gkFk gksrk gSaA vxj dksbZ Hkw&foKkuhblls bÙkQkd ugha j[ks rks dqN fd;k ugha tk ldrk gSA

vxj ge i`Foh ds ,d cgqr gh yEcs bfrgkl vkSjlexz O;ogkj dk voyksdu djsa rks

i`Foh ,d ftUnk ugh cfYd ftUnkfny xzg gSA i`Foheas vius vkidks cukus vFkok fcxkMus dh csfelky]vn~Hkqr {kerk gaSA ;g {kerk vkids vkSj gekjs cwrs dsckgj dh gaSA esjk viuk er gSa fd ge izkS|ksfxdh esa pkgsftrus mUur gks tk,] dqN {ks=ksa esa i`Foh dh {kerk dhjÙkh Hkj cjkcjh Hkh ugha dj ldrs gS tSls D;k geegklkxjksa dks cuk&fcxkM ldrs gaS\ ;k egk}hiksa dksizkbZejh ds cPpksa dh Hkk¡fr vaxqyh ij upk ldrs gSaA

¡

;g le> esa vk,xkfd

Hkxoku d`".k xhrk esa ,d LFky ij dgrs gSa gs vtqZu ;glc tks rqe ns[k jgs gks og esjh {kerk dk ,d va'k ek=gSA Hkxoku us ;g dFku czgek.M ds lUnHkZ esa fn;k FkkAi`Foh dh {kerk Hkh ,slh yxrh gSa fd Hkxoku }kjklapkfyr gks jgh gSA

vkt rd ge yxkrkj izpkj ,oa izlkj ds dkj.kvUrZeq[kh] fujk'kkoknh ,oa Lo;a dks ykafNr le>us okysgks x, gSa ifj.kkeLo:i tks Hkh Ik;kZoj.k dh ckr djrk gSmls rqjar eku ysrs gSaA yxkrkj ;g dgrs jgus ls fdi`Foh dk Ik;kZoj.k ekuo tfur fØ;kvksa }kjk fcxMk gSrks lcls igys Lo;a dks xqukgxkj le> dj vkxs dh:Ik&js[kk r; djrs gSa vkSj Loa; ds cuk, gq, tky esa ,slsQalrs gaS fd mlds vUnj NViVkrs rks jgrs gSa ij fudyugh ikrsA D;k lkjs ds lkjs tky gekjs }kjk gh cuk, x,gSa\ i`Foh fd fuEu fØ;kvksa dks le>us dk iz;kl djasftlesa i`Foh us Lo;a dks NksVs ls ysdj cMs iSekus ijrkfM+r djk gSA i`Foh ij tc ls thou vk;k gS] 542djksM+ o"kZ iwoZ] rc ls vkt rd 5 ckj o`gn foyksiu ¼ekl,DlVhaD'ku½ dh ?kVuk, vkMksZfofl;u ¼45&44 djksM+o"kZ iwoZ½] Msokfu;u ¼37-5 ls 36 djksM+ o"kZ iwoZ½] ijfe;u¼djhc 25 djksM+ iwoZ½] Vªk;fld ¼20 djksM iwoZ½ ,aofØVsf'k;l isfyvkslhu ¼6-6 djksM iwoZ½ le; esa gqbZ FkhvkSj ml oDr leqnzh vkcknh dk uCcs izfr'kr Hkkx rckggks x;k FkkA ;g rks eq[; o`gn foyksiu dh ?kVuk, gaSAijUrq tc ls tho us i`Foh ij tUe fy;k ¼54-2 djksM+o"kZ½ gS rc ls vHkh rd i`Foh ij 20 ls vf/kd ckjNksVs&cMs foyksiu gq, gSaA okLrfodrk rks ;g gS fdfoyksiu dh fØ;k lrr~ gS gj ,d djksM+ o"kZ esa 20&50leqnªh tkfr;k¡ u"V gksrh jgrh gSaA vkDlhtu us Hkh 230djksM+ o"kZ iwoZ] ml oDr ds thou dks u"V djk gSA vktge Xykscy okfeZx ds izfr fpfUrr gaSA bl fpUrk eas nqcysgksdj izfr o"kZ vjcksa :i, lkjh nqfu;k lsfeukjksa vkSjlEesyukas es [kpZ djrh gaS vkSj fur u, ladYi ysrh gSrFkk cqf) dk mi;ksx dj ,d ls ,d dBksj vkSj tfVy

!

vf'edk 2016

45

vf'edk 2016

vk'p;Z rks ;g gS fd i`Foh ij lksfM;e ds rks [kfutksa dhHkjekj gS ijUrq tc Dyksjhu okys [kfutksa dh x.kuk djusdk iz;kl djsaxs rks ,d vPNk [kklk [kfutosÙkk Hkh ilhuses fn[ksxkA ufn;ksa dk fueZy ty leqnz es tkdj LFkkbZ:Ik ls [kkjk gks tkrk gSA ;g i`Foh dk fdl rjg dkO;ogkj gS\

i`Foh Hkh i`Foh dks [kkrh gSA ;g i`Foh dks ftUnk jgusds fy, t:jh Hkh gSA gj o"kZ egk}hiksa ds {kj.k ls 20vjc Vu feÍh&IkRFkj cgdj i`Foh ds isV leqnz esa tkrhgSA i`Foh dh bl Hkw[k dks feVkus esa Hkkjr dk ;ksxnku 10izfr'kr ls Hkh vf/kd gSA ,d fodkl'khy ns'k bruh cMhdqckZuh i`Foh dks ;Fkkor j[kus esa dj jgk gSA gekjs uhfrfu;Urk bl ij /;ku nsaxsA

fgeky; mij mBus yxk rks mls yxk fd esjh m¡pkbZde gS rks og jksus yxkA i`Foh dks vius uotkr f'k'kq ijn;k vkbZ rks mlus mls m¡pkbZ dk vkHkkLk fnykus ds fy,,d cMk+ xM<+k yEckbZ ds yEcor mRiUu dj fn;k vkSjbruk pkSM+k fd tgk¡ rd mldh fuxkgsa tk,aA tcfgeky; us viuk vkØks'k de djk rks i`Foh us Hkhgksf'k;kjh fn[kk dj mlh ds va'k ls mlds lkeus fLFkrxÔs dks Hkj fn;kA

mijksDr dqN mnkgj.k ,sls gSa tks euq"; }kjklapkfyr jÙkh ek= Hkh ugha gSaA vxj vkSj mnkgj.kksa dhdsVykfxax djsa rks vklkuh ls MkDVj Fkhlhl dk elkykfey tk;sxkA i`Foh vxj ges tc dqN nsrh gS rks mldhdher Hkh ysrh gS pkgs og HkwL[kyu gks vFkok HkwdEivFkok fgeL[kyu ;k vU; izkd`frd fØ;kA i`Foh dhizd`fr gS mYV Qsj djuk vkSj djrs jguk vkSj ge eas lstks *LekVZ* gS os vius vuqdwy okrkoj.k dk fuek.kZ dj--------------------------

dkuwu cukrh gSA tks ckn esa gekjs fy;s gh th dk tatkylkfcr gksrs gSaA rkieku dk c<+uk&?kVuk lkekU; izfØ;kgSA euq"; ugha Fkk rc Hkh rkieku c<us vkSj ?kVus fdfØ;k brus O;kid :Ik esa gksrh Fkh fd nkarks rys maxyhnc tk,A fØVsf'k;l ds var es i`Foh dk rkieku vkt dsvkSlr rkieku ¼15 lsfYl;l½ ls 8&9 lsfYl;l vf/kdFkk vkSj okrkoj.k es dk /kuRo 7000 ikVZl~ ijfefy;u ¼tcdh vkt 370&380 gS½ FkkA dSfEcz;u easrkieku vkSj vf/kd FkkA lcls de 172 ih-ih ,ejgh gSA tc euq"; ugha Fkk rc Hkh i`Foh ij fgeun Lor%cus Fks vkSj u"V gq, FksA lcls igys fgeun dk ukegqVksfu;u ¼240&210 djksM o"kZ iwoZ½] mlds cknØk;kstsfu;e ¼8-5&6-3 djksM+½] ,UMh; lkgkju ¼46&42djksM o"kZ iwoZ½] dk: ¼36&26 djksM o"kZ iwoZ½ vkSj orZekudk uke IyhLVkslhu tks dh 26 yk[k o"kZ iwoZ 'kq: gqvkAdk: Xysf'k;j us viuk lkezkT; xksUMokuk ysaM ijdk;e dj j[kk FkkA

i`Foh ds lkxj vkSj egk}hiksa dk O;ogkj fcYdqygekjs tSlk gS tc ethZ vkbZ la;qDr ifjokj cuk fy;kvkSj tc ethZ vkbZ ifjokj fc[ksj fn;kA bl izdkj iw.kZvkSj vkaf'kd :Ik ls la;qDr ifjokj cukus dh ?kVukfiNys 300 djksM+ o"kksZa esa 12 ckj gqbZ gSaA bu ckjg?kVukvksa esa ;k rks lkjs egk}hIk bDdBs gks x, Fks ;k viuk,d NksVk leqnk; cuk fy;k FkkA

vkt ds thoksa dh vkd`fr vkSj izdkj dh rqyuk gegekjs iwoZdkyhu thoksa tSls Mk;uklksj vFkok vÝhdugkFkh ls djsa rks vkt dk ckSukiu gesa 'kfeZUnxh eglwldjk nsxkA bl ckSusiu dh ftEesnkjh dkSu ysxk\

i`Foh us viuh ethZ ls ty ds fo'kky lzksregklkxjksa dks iznwf"kr vFkok vufQV dj j[kk gSA

0 0

CO2

CO2 - -

46

okfM;k fgeky; HkwfoKku laLFkku% ,d ifjp;jkds'k dqekjMhy] nsgjknwu

vkSj lQ+yrk gedks nsuk] djsa fourh foKku lsAvkvks fey lqy>+k;sa jgL;] ge lc vuqla/kku lsAA

fnYyh esa lu~ vM+lB dks] foKku lek;k tquwu esa]fNgrj esa foLFkkfir gksdj] vk;s nsgjknwu esaAblh o"kZ ls uke okfM;k] tqM+k vius laLFkku ls]

vkvks fey lqy>k;sa jgL;] ge lc vuqla/kku lsAA

ijnk mBk;k mu ckrksa ls] ftueas Hkje~ O;kid Fks]Jh okfM;k /kU; ik= gSa] tks blds laLFkkid FksAmuds iz;klkas ls tqMsa] fgeky;h Hkw&foKku ls]


ftKklk xj iwNs gels] D;k dqN /kjk&fgeky; esa],d ckj voyksdu dj yks] ukSfV;ky laxzgky; esaAmÙkj ç'uksasa ds fey tk;sa] laxzfgr vfHkKku ls]


dkj.k fuf'pr djrs gSa] ifj.kke vkSj ifjorZu ls]lEHkkouk fodflr djrs gSa] rduhdh v/;;u lsA

lq>ko lefiZr djrs gSa] tqM+s gq, dY;k.k ls]vkvks fey lqy>k;sa jgL;] ge lc vuqla/kku lsAA

vUVkfVZdk ls fge&f'k[kjksa rd] v/;;u djsa fgeufn;ksa dk]rduhdh n`f"Vdksa.k crk;sa] bfrgkl cuk tks lfn;ksa dkA

Hkw&igsfy;k¡ le>k;sa] izR;{k vkSj izek.k ls]vkvks fey lqy>k;sa jgL;] ge lc vuqla/kku lsAA

vf'edk 2016

47

vf'edk 2016

Hkw[k vudghvk'kh"k jk.kk


Uk gksrh rw ] u deZ dk lkxj gksrk

gj :Ik ihiy tSls eqLdjk;k gksrk

bl fpr dks u fpUrk gksrh

gj lqcg eqLdku ls Hkjh gksrh

u gksrh rw ] ,s Hkw[k

uUgs gkFkksa dh ydhjkas dh gLrh gksrh

u gksrh rw ] ,s Hkw[k

mu vk¡[kks esa liuksa dh d'rh gksrh

u gksrh rw lalkj bruk Øwj u gksrk

n;k ds nhid es va/kdkj u gksrk

cMk gh Øwj :Ik gksxk rsjk

tks lalkj dh gLrh cny Mkyh

nsdj Hkw[k rwus

gj iSls es xqykeh dh csM+h Mkyh

Fkh oks ?kjksa eas] cktkjksa gks x;h

Hkw[k rsjs fy,] viuk lc dwN [kks x;h

Cksjge gS rw] [kwu dh I;klh gksxh

fj'rks eas Øwj /kkj] rwus gh Mkyh gksxh

rsjh vfXu es fdruh ril gS

tks gj psgjk >qyl lk x;k

dj & dj ds deZ eas

fQj Hkh Hkw[kk gh jgk x;kA

48

Hkwisu nk dh lqj/ofuçnhi dqekj 'kekZ

¼Hkwisu gtkfjdk dks J)katfy Lo:i½

¶ysV 6,] Hkhdeth fØLVyl] f«kiqjk jksM] t;kuxj] xksgkVh

tkus ds le; ij esjh Nk;k ls dgk

;gha jgks rqeA

D;ksafd Nk;k esa jgus ls 'kjhj dh ek;k

vk?kkr ân; esa gksrk jgsxk çfr vk?kkrA

ek;k ls cqus gq, tky ls ugha fudyrh gS ek;k]

Nk;k NksM+ dj th&tku ls nh vk'kk

Lej.kh; dksgjs ls Hkjk

'kr 'kCn 'kr xhrksa ls xkFkk

}kj ij fcNs cdqy Qwy dh [kq'kcw Hkjh ekykA

eSa vkSj esjh Nk;k

nksuksa & nksuksa ls vyx gks x;kA

vc rks Nk;k gh cksysxh Hkk"kk

ekr`Hkwfe ds çse xhr dh Mksyh esa

py iM+sxh gekjh çtk]

/kjrh dh xksn es lqyk nh dk;k

pkjksa rjQ /ofu & çfr/ofu

fu%'kCn gkgkdkj

xaxk D;ksa cgrh gks rqeA

D;ksa cgrh gks xaxkA

jkse&jkse ls vuqHkoh

ltx turkA

vf'edk 2016

49

vf'edk 2016

eu djrk gSçnhi dqekj 'kekZ

¶ysV 6,] Hkhdeth fØLVyl] f«kiqjk jksM] t;kuxj] xksgkVh

eu djrk gSa

fd eSa tgka Hkh tkÅ¡

tks Hkh d:¡

lcdk ân; Li'kZ djrk pyw¡A

eSa vius fy, rks lc dqN djrk jgrk gw¡ &

blfy, esjs vklikl

dqN Hkh de eglwl gksrk ughaA

vius fy, rks ,slk gh lalkj jpuk fd,]

iksrk] ijiksrk vkSj lkr tue rd

vHkko vukru vkfn dk

ek;us [kkst ugh ik;saxsA

vHkh d:¡ rks ,slk d:¡

firk cudj f'k{kk] ekrk cudj I;kl

Hkzkrk cudj gkFk] l[kk cudj lkl

çtk cudj dka/k] jktk cudj nkl]

ttZj /kqan dj] iafä es fy;s

vUu oL= vkSj >ksijh cuk nks;

;k rks çfrc)rk dk felky jgw¡

lcdk vknj dk fu'kku cuwA

tks Hkh ç;kl d:¡ ,slk

vkxs pydj gksrk gSa lc dk Qy

viuk gh viuk tSlk &

ugha cu ikrk eSa ,slk

eu djrk gS tSlkA

50

dHkh dHkh feyrh gSysfdu

tc feyrh gSrks lkjs f'kdosHkqyk nsrh gS

jksrh gqbZ vk¡[ksa Hkhgalk nsrh gSa

lksrs gq, lius Hkhtxk nsrh gS

g¡lrs gq, jksuk Hkhpkgw¡ rks

jksus dgk¡ nsrh gS;s [kq'kh

cM+s flír lsfeyrh gS

vkSj ,d eqír lsfeyrh gS

egfQy esa Hkhdgk¡ feyrh gSrks dHkh dHkhvdsys esa Hkhgal ysrh gS

rks dHkh ohjkus esaHkVd tkrh gS

;s [kq'khdHkh dHkh Qwyksa dsf[kyus ls egdrh gSrks dHkh gok ds lkFk

mMrh gSdHkh >juk cu

fxjrh gSvkSj

dy dy djrhunh ls feyrh gS

vkSj dHkhNwV tkrh gS

vdsysdgha fdlh vkSj jkLrs ij

fdlh ds bartkj esackV tksgrh gS

;s [kq'kh

[kq'khtwyh tk;loky

Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k] gSnjkckn

vf'edk 2016

51

vf'edk 2016

igkM+'kkfUr izdk'k ^ftKklq^

egklosZ{kd dk dk;kZy; Hkkjrh; losZ{k.k foHkkx] ] nsgjknwu

fdruh tYnh jksekfpar gks tkrs gks rqefdlh igkM+ dk uke lqurs gh

rS;kj djus yxrs gks vius VSªfdax cSxeQyj LosVj vkSj xeZ dEcysafctyh lh dkSa/k tkrh gS eu esaB.Mh gok cgrs >jus lQsn cQZ

?kuh Nk;k ikus dkstks fey ugha ldrh dgha vkSjA

fdruh vklkuh ls <wa< ysrs gks rqeleku mrkjus p<+kus vkSj

igkM+ ij cks> <ksus ds fy,LVs'ku ij lLrs iksVj

mlesa Hkh djrs gks cgqr eksy HkkomiyC/k gks tkrh gS vklkuh ls gj pht

tks miyC/k ugha gksrh ogka vke vkneh ds fy,A

mu igkMks+a ij tgka vkus tkus dksflQZ ,d ixMaMh gS] taxyh tkuoj gSa

mQurs unh ukys vkSj ?kuk taxyikj dj ysrk gS oks

pan iSlksa ds [kkfrj fdUrqvklku gks tkrk gS rqEgkjk lQjA

dSls jgrs gksaxs cQZ esa] pan diM+ksa ds lgkjsvkSj rqe [kq'k gksrs gks

mudh ihB ij cSB dj p<+rs mrjrs igkM+ ijfQj Hkh djrs gks eksy Hkko

flQZ nl ikap :i;k cpkus Hkj dksA

52

,d iz'u \xhrk clqerkjh

ch 602] ine vikVZesUV] fot; dkEiysDl losZ] xksgkVh

vpkud jkr dk lUukVk Hksndj],d nnZukd ph[k]

vkx dh yiVsa vkSj /kqvkaAfQj

LrC/krk vkSj /kjrh ij iM+h],d dkyh] BaMh] uaxh yk”kA

fdldh \,d iRuh dh]

Tks flQZ ru dh cu ldh] eu dh ugha &Tkks flQZ ru dh cu ldh] eu dh ugha &

,d cgw dh]Tkks ijkbZ gh jgh] viuh u cu ldh &

,d L=h dh]Tkks gj oDr lgeh] nqcdh gh jgh

Ikj D;ksa \vkf[kj D;k deh Fkh mlesa\ljLorh dh :Ik Fkh oksy{eh dks Hkh I;kjh Fkh oks

fQjD;ksa u cuh oks nqxkZ]

j.kpaMh dkyhD;ksa u yM+h oks nq’Vksa ls

eq[kkSVk igus lekt ds Bsdsnkjksa lsD;ksa cuh jgh oks cuoklh lhrk

gjne rS;kjvfXu esa lekus dks\

vf'edk 2016

53

vf'edk 2016

izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku :M+dh] :M+dh us vius O;k[;ku esaljy ijUrq lVhd 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx ij tksj fn;kA oghaMkå lfork funs'kd Hkkjrh; ou vuqla/kku dsUnz odqyifr Hkkjrh; ou vuqla/kku dsUnz] MhEM ;wfuoflZVh usljy lgt 'kCnkas dh iSjoh dhA

laLFkku ds oSKkfudksa us Hkh rduhdh fo’k;ksa ij fgUnhesa O;k[;ku fn;kA bu O;k[;kuks esa Mkå larks’k jk; vkfndk O;k[;ku izeq[k jgkA Jh gjh'k pUnz] foÙk ,oe~ys[kkf/kdkjh us foÙk lEcfU/kr fo’k; ij fofHkUu tkudkjhvius O;k[;ku esa nhA tks dkQh iz'kaluh; jghA laLFkkuds deZpkfj;ks ds fy;s fucU/k izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkh laLFkkudeZpkfj;kas dh mRlkgtud Hkkxhnkjh jghA

nwljh rjQ Ldwyh fo)kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s fucU/kizfr;ksfxrk o okn&fookn~ izfr;ksfxrk esa nsgjknwu 'kgjls Øe'k% pkSng o lksyg Ldwyksa us Hkkx fy;kAokn&fookn dk fo’k; Fkk Þlks'ky eksckby ,i o lks'kyosc lkbVl dh mi;ksfxrkßA Nk=ksa us fo’k; ds i{k ofoi{k esa rF;ijd~ fopkj izLrqr fd;sA fgUnh i[kokMs dklekiu lekjksg eq[; vfrfFk Mkå lfork] funs'kdHkkjrh; ou vuqla/kku dsUnz o dqyifr Hkkjrh; ouvuqla/kku dsUnz] MhEM ;wfuoflZVh }kjk lHkhizfr;ksfxrkvks esa fotsrkvksa dks iqjLdkj iznku dj fd;kx;kA

laLFkku lekpkjLora=rk fnol lekjksg&2015

fgUnh i[kokMk+&2015

Lora=rk fnol lekjksg gj o’kZ dh Hkk¡fr /kwe&/kke lseuk;k x;k A bl volj ij dyk izfr;ksfxrk o fofHkUu[ksy izfr;ksfxrWk, vk;ksftr dh x;ha ftles laLFkku dsdeZpkjh ,oe~ muds ifjokjtukas us c<+&p<+ dj Hkkxfy;kA lekjksg dk lekiu funs'kd egksn; }kjkfotsrkvksa dks iqjLdkj forfjr dj fd;k x;kA

vkWfQl ds nSUkfnu dk;kasZ esa fgUnh Hkk’kk ds iz;ksx dksizksRlkgu ds mÌs'; ds lkFk laLFkku esa fgUnh i[kokMk+ dkvk;kstu fnå 14 flrEcj ls 28 flrEcj 2015 rd fd;kx;kA fgUnh i[kokMs+ dk 'kqHkkjEHk Mkå vfuy dqekjxqIrk] funs'kd okåfgåHkwå laLFkku }kjk fd;k x;kAfgUnh i[kokMs+ es vkeaf=r O;k[;ku] Lojfpr dforkikB] fucU/k izfr;ksfxrk ,oe~ okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk dkvk;kstu fd;k x;kA

izFke vkeaf=r O;k[;ku Mkå jktsUnz MksHkky]egkfuns'kd mRrjk[k.M foKku ,oe~ izkS|ksfxdh ifj’kn}kjk fn;k x;kA vius O;k[;ku esa mUgkasus vke tu dhle> ds fy;s foKkfu;ksa ls vius 'kks/k dk;ksZ dks fgUnhHkk’kk es ig¡qpkus ij cy fn;kA vkeaf=r O;k[;kuksa dhJa`[kyk esa Mkå ohådså,lå nos] HkqriwoZ izksQslj] Hkkjrh;

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15 vxLr 2015

vf'edk 2016

15 vxLr 2015

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vf'edk 2016

WADIA INSTITUTE OF HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY, DEHRADUN

Rs.1200/- (India), US$ 100/- (Abroad)

SIWALIK MAMMALIAN FAUNAS OF THE HIMALAYAN

FOOTHILLSWith reference to biochronology, linkages and migration

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology33, General Mahadeo Singh RoadDehradun 248 001

Avin

ash

C. N

an

da

Rs.180/- (India), US$ 50/- (Abroad) Rs.205/- (India), US$ 40/- (Abroad) Rs.180/- (India), US$ 15/- (Abroad) Rs.45/- (India), US$ 8/- (Abroad)

Rs.200/- (India), US$ 15/- (Abroad)

OLD PUBLICATIONS

NEW PUBLICATIONS

1. Nanda, A.C. 2015: Siwalik mammalianfaunas of the Himalayan foothills withreference to biochronology, linkages andmigration. Wadia Institute of HimalayanGeology, Dehradun, WIHG NonographSeries No. 2, 341p.

2. Bhambri, R., Mehta, M., Dobhal, D.P. &Gupta, A.K. 2015: Glacier Lake Iniventoryof Uttarakhand. Wadia Institute ofHimalayan Geology, Dehradun, 78p.

Procurement details:

Cheque/Bank Draft:

Corresponding address:The Director,

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology,

orAsstt. Publication & Doc. Officer

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology,33, GMS Road, Dehradun 248001, India

Phone: +91-0135-2525430, Fax: 0135-2625212Email: [email protected],

Web: http://www.himgeology.com

Should be in favour of the'Director, WIHG, Dehradun, India'

33, GMS Road, Dehradun 248001, India

Price: Rs. 500/- (India), US$ 50/- (Abroad)

GLACIER LAKE INVENTORY

OF

UTTARAKHAND

Wadia Institute of

Himalayan Geology

Volume 37 (2016)

Volume 34 (2013) to Volume 36 (2015)*

Volume 18 (1997) to Volume 27 (2006)*

Volume 28 (2007) to Volume 29 (2008)

Volume 30 (2009) to Volume 32 (2011)*

Glacier Lake Inventory of Uttarakhand(by Rakesh Bhambri et al. 2015

Siwalik Mammalian Faunas of the Himalayan FoothillsWith reference to biochronology, linkages and migration

Rs. 500.00US $ 50.00

Rs. 1200.00US $ 100.00

Volume 33 (2012)

(by Avinash C. Nanda)

1968 okfm;k fgeky; hkwfokku lalfkku 2016.pdf · leikndh;----bddhloha lnh ds bl ;qx esa tgk¡ gj...

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