1.first part of dharmadevi municipality profile final · 2020. 1. 6. · vir^tpg wk^ gi ogow ## dk@...

$: 1.First Part of dharmadevi Municipality Profile Final · 2020. 1. 6. · vir^tpg wk^ gi ogow ## dk@ w\i vir^tpg wk^ gi ogow # ik m n ig]^ ogow # ... s @=rq@ uji -rm \inj xo * -rmo$
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wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq ( Dharmadevi Municipality Profile)

wd{b]jL gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no wd{b]jL, ;+v'jf;ef ! g+= k|b]z, g]kfn

k|sflzt s[lt

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq @)&%

k|sfzg jif{ @)&%

tYofª\s ljZn]if0f tyf ;Dkfbg >L o1k|;fb zdf{ >L wd{/fh 9sfn

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;jf{lwsf/

© wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf, gu/sfok{ flnsfsf] sfof{no, d'9]zlgZr/], ;+v'jf;ef .

www.dharmadevimun.gov.np Email : [email protected]

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfof{no d'9]zlgZr/], ;+v'jf;ef .

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wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfof{no

wd{b]jL, df]/ª @)&%

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wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro

!= /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs l;dfgf

k"j{tkm{M dfbL / nflnu'/fF; ufpFkflnsf t]x|y'd

klZrdtkm{M wgs'6f / ef]hk'/ lhNnf pQ/tkm{ M r}gk'/ / dfbL

blIf0ftkm{M wgs'6f / t]x|y'd lhNnf

@= /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg

lgjf{{rg If]q g+=M @ j8fx¿ M gf} j6f

lhNnfM ;+v'jf;ef k|b]z g+= Ps -!_

#= ef}uf]lns cj:yf÷pkof]u tyf If]qkmn

ef}uf]lns cj:yfM kxf8 If]qkmnM !#@.*% ju{ ls=dL= ;d'b| ;txb]lvsf] prfO !!@ b]lv @$&) ld6/ Tffks|d $=( b]lv #^ l8u|L Ps lbgdf jiff{ -a9Ldf_ *$ ldlnld6/ xfjfkfgL ;dlztf]i0f

$= hg;+Vof @)&% ;fn *

3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof M #(%@ s'n hg;+VofM !(*%( k'?ifM !)!** dlxnfM (^&! hg;+Vof j[l4b/ !=$@ k|ltzt n}ª\lus cg'kft !)%=#% k|ltzt cf};t kl/jf/ ;+Vof %=)# hgf hg3gTj !#& hgf k|lt ju{ lsld

afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ^(*! hgf afns #%^( aflnsf #$!@ cflbjf;L hghflt ((%@

* lj=;+= @)&% sf] 3/w"/L ;j]{If0fsf] tYofª\ssf] cfwf/df .

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blnt !$(( cGo $

afx'gIf]qL *$)$

%=z}lIfs l:ylt s'n ;fIf/tfM ^&=)% Ü k'?if &#=@% Ü dlxnf ^$=%# Ü cflbjf;L hghflt ^$=@^ Ü blnt ju{ ^)=@) Ü cGo !)) Ü

a|fDx0f If]qL &!=%@ Ü

vii

ljifo;"rL

v08 Ps

kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf] kl/ro k[i7e"ld ! d'Vo p2]Zox¿ # cWoogsf] dxTj $ cWoogsf] cfjZostf $ cWoog ljlw % tYof+Í ljZn]if0f / k|:t'tLs/0f ^ cWoogsf] If]q / ;Ldf ^

v08 b'O{

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro

ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt * xfjfkfgL / tfks|d ( gbLgfnf !) jgh+un / hLjhGt' !) P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld !! /fhg}lts ljefhg !# ;+efjfgf, cj;/, r'gf}ltx¿ !#

ko{6sLo If]q !% gu/kflnsfsf]] cGt/ ;DaGw !*

v08 tLg

cfwf/e"t tYofª\s ljZn]if0f

JolQmut ljj/0f !( hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f !( kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df hg;ª\Vof @! ln+ª cg';f/ 3/d"nL @# pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof @$ pd]/ cg';f/ j8fut hg;ª\Vof @& Psn pd]/ / n}ª\lustfsf cfwf/df ## hfltut hg;+Vof #&

viii

hfltut ;d'bfosf] hg;+Vof #* dft[efiff cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof #( wd{cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof $) ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf $@ pd]/ / lnª\u cg';f/ ;fIf/tf k|ltzt $#

lnª\u cg';f/ j8fut ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf $$

hfthflt cg';f/ lg/If/ / ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf $% pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx $^ a;f]af;sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f $& a;f]af;sf] cfwf/df hfltut hg;+Vof $* a}aflxs cj:yf %) k]zf÷Joj;fo ;DaGwL ljj/0f %!

hftLotfsf] cfwf/df k]zfsf] juL{s/0f %@

zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s czSttfsf] cj:yf %# :jf:Yo ;DjGwL cj:yf %% d[To' ePsf] hg;+Vof %^

pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ d[To'sf] ljj/0f %&

Jofj;flos tflndsf] ljj/0f %*

v08 rf/

3/fo;L tyf kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f

lkpg] kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t ^) vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] d'Vo ;|f]t ^! aQLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ^@ zf}rfno k|of]usf] Joj:yf ^#

hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf ^% 3/ ePsf] jf gePsf] ^& 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] cj:yf ^* 3/sf] 5fgfsf] lsl;d ^( 3/sf] husf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ &)

ejgsf] dfkb08sf] k|of]usf] cj:yf &!

3/ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL eP ÷ gePsf] &@

kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf hUuf eP÷gePsf] &#

s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf hfthfltx¿ &$

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s[lif hldgsf] If]qkmnsf] cj:yf &%

s[lif afnL, pTkfbg / laqmL &^

kz'k+IfL eP ÷ gePsf] kl/jf/ &&

kz'k+IfL pTkfbg ljj/0f &(

s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof *)

hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ s[ifs kl/jf/ *!

s[lif pJhgLaf6 vfg k'Ug] ;do *#

ljleGg ;fwg ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/ *$

kl/jf/sf] a}+s vftf ;DjGwL ljj/0f *%

cfDbfgLsf] ;d"x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f *^

vr{sf] ;d"xsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f *&

hftLo ;d"xsf cfwf/df cfDbfgL ;d"x (!

hftLo ;d"x cfwf/df vr{ ;d"x (@

v08 kfFr

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g / afn clwsf/

afn clwsf/ ($ !=afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ (%

@= ljsf;sf] clwsf/ (% #= ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ (% $= ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/ (%

afnclwsf/sf l;4fGtx¿ (^ wd{b]jLsf] afnaflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof (^ afn clwsf/sf] cj:yf (* afn Snax¿sf] cj:yf (( afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] cj:yf (( ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ !)) lghL ljBfnox¿ !)!

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v08 5

;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]qx¿

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf !)@ JolQmut 36\gf btf{ ljj/0f !)@ ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿ !)# vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f !)* ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f !)(

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ !!)

;~rf/ ;+:yfx¿ !!) u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ !!) wfld{s u'7L tyf ;+:yfx¿ !!! ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldltx¿ !!# ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿ !!$ ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ !!$

rf8kj{ / d]nf !!%

;8s ;~hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf !!^ gu/kflnsfdf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿ !@) ljifout ;ldlt !@@

sfo{qmd th{'df ;ldlt !@@ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ;ldlt !@# /fh:j k/fdz{ ;ldlt !@#

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L !@$ ;j]{Ifssf] gfdfjnL !@% ;j]{If0f kmf/dsf] gd"gf !@^ kmf]6f]x¿ !@&

wd{b]]jL gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq, @)&%

1

v08 Ps

kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf] kl/ro

k[i7e"ld

;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] nflu /fHosf] ;a}eGbf hg;/f]sf/sf] tx ufpF / gu/kflnsfx¿

x'g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] dof{bf

lbPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 hgtfnfO{ lbg'kg]{ ;]jf÷;'ljwfx¿ logLx¿dfkm{t g} k|jfx

x'G5g\ . g]kfndf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf x¿ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] wf/f #@)

sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ åf/f lgb]{lzt 5g\ .

s'g} klg 7fpFsf] ljsf; sfo{sf nflu of]hgf agfpg] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ b:tfj]h j:t'ut

ljj/0f jf kfZj{lrq xf] . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ b:jtfj]h tof/ ug{ ljZj;gLo ;"rgf

cfjZos x'G5g\ . To:tf ;"rgf e/kbf]{ ljlwaf6 ;ª\sng, ;+Zn]if0f / ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

;ª\sng ul/Psf ;"rgfnfO{ oyfy{ k/s 9ª\un] ;+Zn]if0f, tflnsLs/0f / ljZn]if0f u/L

kfZj{lrq tof/ u/]df To;af6 gu/kflnsf nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿nfO{

ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{, ;fem]bf/L ug{ / cNksfnLg Pjd\ bL3{sfnLg of]hgf

agfpg dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ub{5 .

s'g} klg JolQm, ;+:yf, 36gf, k|lqmof jf a:t'sf] tYout jf la:t[t ljj/0fnfO{

;fdfGotof a:t'ut ljj/0f jf c+u|]hLdf k|f]kmfOn elgG5 . a:t'ut ljj/0f jf k|f]kmfOn

tof/ ug{ ;"rgf rflxG5 . ;"rgf ;ª\sng cflwsfl/s ;|f]taf6 ul/G5 . ;"rgfsf

;|f]tx¿ d"ntM b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . ltgnfO{ k|fylds ;|f]t / låtLo ;|f]t elgG5 .

k|fylds ;|f]taf6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng ubf{ ;"rgf ;+ª\sngstf{ :jod\ g} ;DalGwt If]qdf

k'u]/ ;"rgf ;ª\sng ub{5g\ . c¿n] ;+ª\sng u/]/ Ps k6s ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ;"rgfnfO{

låtLo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt ;"rgf elgG5 . oL ;"rgfx¿nfO{ ;ª\sng, k|zf]wg -tflnsLs/0f,

JofVof jf ljZn]if0f_ tyf k|sfzg ug]{;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x¿ ;"rgf Joj:yfkg cGt{ut

kb{5g\ . cfjZostf cg';f/ rflxPsf] dfqfdf / ;dodf ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg]

p2]Zon] ;"rgf Joj:yfkg ul/G5 . Jojl:yt ul/Psf] ;"rgf cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf

cfjZos dfqfdf lgsfNg / k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 . ;"rgf Joj:yfkg ubf{ ufpFdf


2

e]6]hlt ;a} ;"rgf k|:t't ugf{n] d'Vo ;"rgf 5'6\g] / rflxg] hfgsf/L cf]e]mndf kg]{]{

;Defjgf /x'G5 . To;}n] s'g} klg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, sfof{no tyf txsf

nflu ;"rgf Joj:yfkg clt cfjZos x'G5 . ;"rgfsf] ;xL Joj:yfkgaf6 e|fds /

cgfjZos ;"rgf x6fO{ cfjZos ;"rgfnfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf cfjZos dfqfdf

k:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .

of] kfZj{lrq wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf] ;"rgf ;+u|x ul/Psf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]h

xf] . o;df k/LIf0f / ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf ;"rgfx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfn]

eljiodf o;}sf cfwf/df ljljw k|sf/sf ;"rgfx¿ k|jfx ug{ ;S5 . gu/sf] ljsf;,

lgdf{0f / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx ug{sf nflu oyfy{k/s of]hgf agfpg o;sf] pkof]u

ug{;S5 . gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf ;"rgf ;ª\sng / ltgsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L

gu/kflnsfsf] xf] . t/, @)&$ a}zfv @^ ut];Dd g]kfnsf gu/ tyf gu/kflnsfx¿sf]

j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Lsf nflu :ki6 tyf Pp6} vfsf ckgfOPsf] kfOFb}g . kmn:j¿k

Pp6f gu/kflnsfn] tof/ u/]sf] kfZj{lrq csf]{ gu/kflnsfn] tof/ u/]sf] kfZj{lrq;Fu

Ps ¿ktf kfpg ;ls+b}g . ToxL eP/ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L lgb]{lzsfdf kfZj{lrqsf]

Pp6f vfsf lbOPsf] 5 . kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fdf Ps ¿ktf sfod ug{sf nflu Tof] vfsf

dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ cjZo xf] . x'gt ;a} gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq Ps} 9fFrfsf] x'g' klg /fd|f]

dflgb}g . :yfgLo kl/j]z / j:t'l:ylt cg'¿ksf] kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 eGg] dfGotf

klg 5 . of] kfZj{lrq tof/ ubf{ ToxL vfsfsf] kl/lwleq /x]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .

:yfgLo cfjZostf cg';f/ s]xL km]/abn klg ul/Psf] 5 . o;f] ul//xFbf tYofª\ssf]

z'4tfsf nflu cg]s k|sf/sf ljlwx¿ k|of]u u/L r]shfFr ul/Psf] 5 .

s'g} klg of]hgf th{'df / 5gf}6 ubf{ ljljw kIfx¿sf] jf:tljs l:ylt emNsfpg]] ;xL

tYofª\s / ;"rgfx¿ cfjZos kb{5g\ . cfwf/e"t / oyfy{ ;"rgflagf gu/kflnsfn] ;xL

9ª\un] sfo{qmd jf of]hgf agfpg ;Sb}g . ;xL ¿kdf 5gf}6 gePsf] tyf cfjZostf

aflx/sf] ;"rgfn] of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf hl6ntf l;h{gf ub{5 . t;y{ j:t'ut ljj/0fsf]

cfwf/df k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L jf:tljs cfjZostf / hgtfsf] rfxgfdf cfwfl/t

sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu k"j{ tof/L ug{ ;d]t ;xL tYofª\s ;lxtsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f

jf kfZj{lrqn] dfq ;xof]u ug{;S5 . gu/kflnsfleqsf ;"rgfx¿ kfZj{lrqdf ;dfj]z

ugf{n] gu/sf] ;d:t ljsf;sf nflu of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} gu/sf]

;du| ;"rgf vf]hL ug]{ lh1f;' / cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ hf] ;'s}nfO{ klg of] kfZj{lrq

dxTjk"0f{ x'g] s'/fdf ljZjfz ug{ ;lsG5 .


3

a:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug{'sf d'Vo p2]Zox¿

j:t'ut ljj/0f jf kfZj{lrq lgdf{0faf6 gu/ If]qsf cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ PsLs[t x'g] /

cfjZostf cg';f/ k|jfx ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . o; kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ubf{ lgDgfg';f/sf

p2]Zox¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] jf:tljs ;"rgf ;ª\sng / Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf ;|f]t, ;fwg / ;Lk klxrfg u/L To;sf]

;b'kof]usf nflu pkfox¿ vf]hL ug]{ .

of]hgf 5gf]6 ubf{ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{ cfwf/ tof/ kfg{{] .

;"rgf dfu ug{ cfpg] lgsfo / JolQmnfO{ ;xh¿kn] k|jfx ug]{ jf u/fpg] .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] gLlt, lgod, of]hgf tyf sfo{s|d th'{df, sfof{Gjog,

cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;xh agfpg]

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] Go"gtd zt{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg (MCPM) df pTs[i6

glthf xfFl;n ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf; sfo{df ;fe]mbf/ / nufgLstf{ ljleGg ;/sf/L /

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3÷;+u7g tyf lghL If]qnfO{ ;dli6ut /

cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg]

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf :jodsf] cfTdljZjf; / sfo{bIftf clej[l4 ug{] .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfnfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf klxrfg :yflkt u/fpg,

:yfgLo ljsf;sf nflu gjLg ;f]+r / lrGtgsf] ;Defjgf vf]hLsf nflu dfu{

k|z:t ug{] .

kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf pk/f]Qm p2]Zox¿ k"/f ug]{ u/L ;"rgfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ /

cfjZostf cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf ;"rgfx¿ lnlka4 ug]{ sfd lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{sf nflu cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ Ps} 7fpFdf kfpg ;lsGg . t/

kfZj{lrqn] ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L tof/ ul/Psf] ;"rgfx¿ kl:sg] ePsfn]

:yfgLo dflg;x¿nfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg klg oL ;"rgfx¿ ;fFlRrs} pkof]uL

;fljt x'g]5g\ .


4

a:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Lsf] dxTj

ljsf;sf k|ltkmnx¿ :yfgLo hgtf ;dIf k'¥ofpg' / tL k|ltkmnx¿ ;a} ju{sf

dflg;x¿n] pkof]u ug{;Sg] jftfj/0f >[hgf ug{sf nflu :yfgLo txsf] jf:tljs

j:t'l:ylt / cfjZostf klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . cfhsf] ljZjJofkLs/0f (Globalization) sf]

o'udf ;do ;fk]If / ;dfg'kflts ljsf;sf k|s[ofx¿ cufl8 a9fpg ;DalGwt If]qsf]

j:t'ut / ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog cfjZos x'G5 . o; cWoogn] ;DalGwt If]qsf]

jf:tljs j:t'l:ylt klxrfg u/L efjL ljsf; of]hgf / /0fgLltx¿ th'{df ug{ tyf

ljsf;sf ljleGg ls||ofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ljz]if dxTj /fVg] ub{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm

k|:t't kfZj{lrq ;DalGwt If]qsf ;+:yf Pj+ cg';Gwfgstf{, of]hgfsf/, ljsf;sf lrGts,

;dfh;]jL nufot lh1fz' dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL x'g] ePsf]]n] o; cWoogsf]

w]/} g} dxTj /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;{+/rgfkl5 klxnf] k6s ul7t

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿ g} gePsf] cj:yfdf efjL lbgdf ;DkGg

ul/g] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfwf/df kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ug{' clt cfjZos 7fgL ;DkGg

ul/Psf] xf] .

kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljutdf :yfgLo lgsfo cGtu{tsf ufpF tyf gu/kflnsfx¿nfO{ lbFb}

cfPsf] ljsf; cg'bfg j;]{lg j[l4 ub}{ nu]sf] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . cem ;+3Lo u0ftGq

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 :yfgLo txnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ¿kdf dfGotf lbOPsf]

5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg klg u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . lxhf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

/ cGo lhNnf:t/sf ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 lbOg] ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ ca :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]

sfof{no ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfaf6 ;xh ¿kdf hgtfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] cj:yf

cfPsf] 5 . ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 vr{ ul/g] ah]6 gu/kflnsfdfkm{t ljt/0f x'g]

cj:yf 5 . To;}n] gu/kflnsfnfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/ dfgL /fHosf cGo sfof{nox¿sf]

ah]6 ;d]t PsLs[t ah]6sf ¿kdf gu/kflnsfdf cfpg] ePsf]n] o;sf] sfo{If]q /

lhDd]jf/L b'j} a9]sf] 5 .

o;sf ;fy}, hgtfaf6 p7fOPsf] s/ afktsf] /sd gu/kflnsfn] of]hgfa4 /

lgod;+ut ¿kn] vr{ u¿g\ eGg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfx¿sf] Go"gtd zt{


5

dfkgsf ;"rsx¿ nfu" u/]sf] 5 . tL ;"rsx¿dWo] x/]s gu/kflnsfn] cfkm\gf] If]qsf]

j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5, h;sf sf/0f klg o;

gu/kflnsfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f cWoog ug]{ of kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] cfjZostf

a9]sf] xf] . gu/kflnsfn] j:t'ut ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df g} ;|f]t ;fwgsf] klxrfg / ;xL

Joj:yfkg ug]{ tyf plrt sfo{qmdx¿sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog Pjd\ cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg

ug{] x'gfn] of] kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;fFRr} g} cf}lrTok"0f{ 5 . ;fy}, ;a} gu/kflnsf /

ufpFklfnsfx¿ :jfot clwsf/ ;lxtsf] :yfgLo tx jf ;/sf/ xf] . logLx¿ ;+3Lo

;/sf/sf] gLltut dftxtdf /xL cfkmgf of]hgfx¿ agfpg / kl/of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng

ug{ :jtGq 5g\ .

To;}n] hgtfsf] dfu cg';f/sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ klg o; kfZj{lrqn] ;xof]u ub{5 .

To;}n] o;sf] cWoog ug]{ sfo{ ckl/xfo{ aGg uPsf] 5 . ;fy}, gu/sf] kfZj{lrq lagf

gu/kflnsf If]qsf] jf:tljs cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 eGg] hfGg ;lsb}g . gu/kflnsf If]qsf]

;a} kIfsf] oyfy{ cj:yf emNsfpg] cflwsfl/s b:tfj]hsf] kl/k"lt{sf nflu kfZj{lrq

lgdf{0f cfjZos / cf}lrTok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ev{/} ag]sf] tx xf] .

o;sf] ef}uf]lns sfo{If]q / sfof{b]z ljutsf] eGbf km/s 5 . kl/jlt{t cfjZostf

kl/k'lt{ ug]{ u/L kfZj{lrq tof/ ug{' clt cfjZos 5 . To; cfwf/df klg kfZj{lrq

tof/ ug{' cf}lrTok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

cWoog ljlw

o; gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/ ug{sf nflu ;j{k|yd xfn;Dd tof/ ePsf ljleGg

j:t'ut ljj/0fx¿sf] cWoog ug{'sf ;fy} bLuf] ljsf; nIosf nIo tyf ;"rsx¿sf]

cWoog, lhNnf ;"rgf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL lbUbz{g / cfjlws gu/ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df

d:of}bf lgb]{lzsf cflb ;fdu|Lx¿ cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} o; gu/kflnsf

If]qdf /xL ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf nfdf] ;dob]lv sfd ul//x]sf

lj1x¿;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{nfO{ klg cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . o;/L kfZj{lrq tyf ;"rgf

;ª\sngsf] ljlw lgwf{/0f u/]kl5 tYofª\s of ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug]{ tyf cg';GwfgfTds

ljlwaf6 To;nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L k|:t'tLs/0f ug]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 ;"rgfx¿sf]

;Totfsf] dfqfdf j[l4 x'g'sf ;fy} bf]xf]/f]kgf klg x6]/ uO{ kfZj{lrq :t/Lo x'g uPsf] 5

.


6

kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf] nflu :yfgLo /fhgLlts bn, hgk|ltlglw tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf

;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] e]nfdf / cGt/lqmofdf JoQm pgLx¿sf] /fo tyf ;'emfjnfO{

cfwf/ dfgL hg ck]Iff cg'?ksf] 9fFrf ckgfOPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;d"xut 5nkmn

tyf cGt/lqmof nufot ;fdflhs cWoogsf ljleGg ljlwx¿ cjnDag ul/Psf 5g\ .

tYofª\s ljZn]if0fsf s|ddf j0f{gfTds, t'ngfTds / ljZn]if0ffTds ljlwx¿

cfjZostfg';f/ ckgfOPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L lhNnf txdf pknAw k|sflzt tyf ck|sflzt

låtLo ;"rgfsf ;|f]tx¿ / ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltj]bgx¿, j]e;fO6x¿ ;d]t cWoog,

t'ngf / ljZn]if0f u/L ;du| gu/kflnsfsf] cj:yf emlNsg] kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

tYofÍ ljZn]if0f / k|:t'tLs/0f

kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf qmddf ;"rgf ;+sng tyf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0faf6 k|fKt ePsf tYofª\ssf]

Jojl:yt ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'G5 . ljZn]if0fsf] sfd cln cln em0eml6nf] klg x'G5 .

To;}n] o;nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;xh agfpgsf nflu k|fljlws pks/0fsf] ;xof]u lnOPsf]

5 . k|fKt tYofª\snfO{ CSPro 3.3 ;km\6j]o/df k|j[li6 u/L tYofª\ssf] ;fdflhs lj1fgsf]

tYofª\sLo sfo{qmdsf] ljlw (SPSS 11.2) af6 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|fylds ;|f]taf6

lnOPsf] tYofª\ssf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ 3/w"/LnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . ltgnfO{ jf8{ /

hftLotfsf] cfwf/df klg juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd"lxs 5nkmn h:tf ;xeflutfd"ns

ljlwåf/f k|fKt ;"rgf÷tYofª\snfO{ klg ljZn]if0f u/L a'em\g ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon]

gS;f, tflnsf, lrq tyf j[Qlrqdf ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o; s|ddf 3/w"/L

;j]{If0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgfnfO{ j0f{gfTds tYofª\+sLo ljlwaf6 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;

k|sf/n] dfgjLo / k|fljlws pks/0f tyf ljlwx¿sf] oyf]lrt k|of]uaf6 wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfsf] ;du| l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L of] kfZj{lrq tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . ljZn]if0fsf

qmddf j8f gDa/ / hftLo agfj6nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgPsf] s'/f klg pNn]v ug{'

;fGble{s x'g cfpF5 .

cWoogsf] If]q / ;Ldf

;fdfGotof kfZj{lrqsf] cWoog If]q lj:t[t x'G5 . t/, oxfF kfZj{lrq tof/ ug]{

p2]Zodf bzf{OPsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ g} d'Vo If]qsf] ¿kdf lnP/ cWoog, ljZn]if0f /

k|:t'tLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fwg, ;|f]t, ;do, nfut / ;"rgfsf] pknAwtf nufot cGo

ljifoj:t'sf] ;Lldttfsf sf/0fn] h'g;'s} cWoog klg k|efljt geO{ /xg ;Sb}g . To;}n]


7

x/]s cWoog s]xL lglZrt ;Ldfleq afFlwPsf] x'G5 . o;sf] klg ljifoj:t'sf] ;Ldfsf]

cltl/Qm ef}uf]lns ;Ldf klg 5, Tof] s] xf] eg] o;n] ;+v'jf;ef lhNnf wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf ;"rgfnfO{ dfq dxTj lbPsf] 5 . ltg} ;"rgfdf s]lGb|t eP/

kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf k|fylds / låtLo b'j} k|sf/sf ;|f]taf6 k|fKt ;"rgf ;fdu|Lx¿ of]

sf] kfZj{lrqdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ah]6 / ;dosf] ;Ldf x'FbfxF'b} klg a9L dfqfdf

k|fylds ;|f]tsf ;"rgf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . vf;u/L w/w"/L ;j]{If0f @)&$, /fli6«o

hgu0fgf @)^* sf] k|ltj]bg, o; gu/kflnsf ;dfj]z ePsf k"j{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt /

gu/kflnsfsf] clen]v, :yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fusf] 5nkmn tyf cGt/s[ofaf6 klg dxTjk"0f{

tYofª\sx¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . ;Da4 ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf]

k|ltj]bgnfO{ klg ;"rgfsf] ;|f]t dflgPsf] 5 . ltgsf k|sflzt / ck|sflzt b'j} k|sf/sf

k|ltj]bgx¿sf] ;xof]u lnOPsf] 5 . k|fKt ;"rgfx¿nfO{ tflnsLs/0f / ljZn]if0f ubf{

k|fylds ;|f]tsf ¿kdf lnOPsf k|sfzgx¿df ePsf q'6L tyf sdhf]/Lx¿sf] k|efj

c1fgtfa; kg{;Sg] ;+efjgf g/xnf eGg ;lsGg . To;f] x'g uPsf] kfOPdf ;|f]tdf

ePsf] sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f cGoyf x'g uPsf] q'6Lsf ¿kdf lnOlbg' x'g]5 eGg] klg ljZjf;

lnPsf 5f}+ .


8

v08 b'O{

wd{b]jLsf] kl/ro ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf kfFr j6f gu/kflnsfx¿dWo] Ps xf] . lhNnfsf]

blIf0fL efudf cjl:yt wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| ;fljs tfdfkmf]s uflj;sf] sfof{no

d"9] zlgZr/]df /x]sf] 5 . of] lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd vfFbaf/Laf6 blIf0ftkm{ kb{5 . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf gS;fdf x]bf{ k"j{ klZrd nfDrf] /x]sf] 5 . of] :yfgLo tx k'g;{+/rgf ;'emfj

cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)&# cg';f/ cfFlve'O{+, tfdfkmf]s / dflDnª ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf

;Dk"0f{ j8fx¿nfO{ ldnfP/ u7g ul/Psf] xf] .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf xfn ( j6f j8fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] ;+/rgf o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5

.

tflnsf gDa/ !

;fljs uflj; / wd{b]jLsf] j8f gDa/

qm= ;+= wd{b]jL g=kf=

j8f gDa/

;fljs uflj; / j8f gDa/

! ! tfdfkmf]s !–$

@ @ tfdfkmf]s %–^

# # tfdfkmf]s &–(

$ $ dflDnª !–%

% % dflDnª ^–(

^ ^ cfFvLe"O{+ !–@

& & cfFvLe"O{+ #–$

* * cfFvLe"O{+ %–&

( ( cfFvLe"O{+ *–(

;|f]t M :yfgLo tx k'g;{/rgf cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg–@)&#.


9

dfly pNn]v ul/Pem}+ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf gf} j8fx¿ ;fljs tLgj6f uflj;x¿af6

k'g;{rgf eP/ ag]sf x'g\ . ;fljs tfdfkmf]saf6 tLgj6f j8f, ;fljs dflDnªaf6 b'O{

j6f / ;fljs cfFvLe'O{+ uflj;af6 rf/ j6f j8fx¿ ag]sf 5g\ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] blIf0fL efudf kb{5 . o;sf] sfof{no k'Ugsf

nflu lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd vfFbaf/Laf6 blIf0f t'lDnª6f/, ToxfFaf6 blIf0f k"j{ r}gk'/ x'Fb}

hfg'kb{5 . l;wf eGg'kbf{ lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 sf]zL /fhdfu{ x'Fb} s]xL k"j{ blIf0fdf

em/]kl5 of] gu/kflnsf k'luG5 . ;d'b|L txaf6 !!@ b]lv @$&) ld6/ prfO;Dd /x]sf]

5 . ef}uf]lns ljifdtf o; gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf xf] .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] l;dfgf k"j{df ;+v'jf;efsf] dfbL gu/kflnsf / t]x|y'd lhNnfsf]

nflnu'/fFz gu/kflnsf kb{5g\ . klZrddf wgs'6f / ef]hk'/ lhNnf 5f]Psf] 5 eg]

pQ/df r}gk'/ / dfbL gu/kflnsf Pjd\ blIf0fdf wgs'6f lhNnfsf] dxfnIdL

gu/kflnsf / t]x|y'd lhNnf;Fu ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf] 5 .

o; gu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]usf] cj:yfdf clwsf+z e"efu s[lif If]q / jgn] cf]u6]sf] 5

. o; gu/kflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof !*@#% -lj=;+= @)*^_ hgf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] If]qkmn

!#@=*% ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] hg3gTj !#& hgf hg;+Vof k|ltju{ lsnf]ld6/

/x]sf] 5 . hals lhNnfsf] hg3gTj $! hgf hg;+Vof k|ltju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o;

cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf kfFr gu/kflnsfx¿

dWo] ;a}eGbf blIf0fdf kb{5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfn] ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vof

!%*&$@ -lj=;+= @)*^_ sf] !!=$( k|ltzt c+z / s'n If]qkmn #**) ju{ lsnf]ld6/sf]

#=$@ k|ltzt e"efu cf]u6]sf] 5 .

cjl:ylt, xfjfkfgL / tfks|d

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ljZj dfglrqdf cIff+zsf] lx;fan] @&=$( l8u|L pQ/b]lv @&=%!

l8u|L pQ/;Dd /x]sf] 5 . of] gu/kflnsf *&=@! l8u|L k"j{b]lv *&=@^ l8u|L k"j{

b]zfGt/;Dd /x]sf] 5 . o; wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] xfjfkfgL ;dlztf]i0f /x]sf] 5 . o;


10

gu/kflndf lxpFb ofddf tfks|d lgs} sd x'g] ub{5 eg] jiff{ ofddf tNnf] e]udf lgSs}

udL{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . jiff{ ofddf Hofbf jiff{ x'G5 eg] lxpFbdf sd jiff{ x'g] ub{5 .

gbLgfnf / tfn

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf eP/ aUg] d'Vo gbL c?0f xf] . of] ;Ktsf]zL gbLsf] ;ft dWo]sf] Ps

;xfos gbL xf] . of] gbL rLgsf] ltAatdf ;'? eO{ g]kfn l55{ . of] Ps xLdgbL xf] .

ljZjs} ;a}eGbf a9L afn'jf aufP/ Nofpg] gbLsf ¿kdf ;Ktsf]zLnfO{ lrlgG5 eg]

Tof] oxL c?0f gbLsf] sf/0fn] xf] . lgSs} xfg ePsf]n] a]uafg ultdf cufl8 a9\bf o;

gbLn] afn'jf / ;;fgf 9'ª\ufnfO{ cfkmgf] ;fydf aufP/ n}hfg] u/]sf] 5 . o; afx]s o;

gu/kflnsfdf 9Ldfof, lkn'jf, d'n'jf, s]jf, 7'6], s]s'jf, tLg bf]efg] cflb ;xfos gbLx¿

/x]sf 5g\ . un}r] kf]v/L o; gu/kflnsfsf] Ps dfq dxTjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s tfn xf] . oL

gbLx¿sf sf/0f jiff{bsf] ;dodf cf;kf;sf dflg;x¿df af9L / s6fgsf] ;d:of

b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . logLx¿ jiff{b ;lsPkl5 lj:tf/} ;fdfGo aGg k'U5g\ .

jg hª\un / jGohGt'

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf jg hª\unsf b[li6n] ;DkGg 5 . of] gu/kflnsf tlgh'/] u'/fFz]

jg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . To;}n] oxfF ;fd'bflos, wfld{s / ;+/lIft jgsf] If]q klg /x]sf] 5 .

oxfF kfTn],7"nf] kfTn],lrnfpg], rfFk, vf]Nd], s6ld/f], s];/L, rf]y|f], kmnf}6], g;L, a/f7,

;Nnf], nf]7 ;Nnf], l7ª\u|] ;Nnf], uf]u'g, a9x/, s6ld/f], nfnLu'/fFz, w'la{;, c;f/], a/,

sfe|f], vGo", ufof], l;dnL, plQ;, s6';, ef]nf{ h:tf jg:kltx¿ kfOG5g\ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qsf] jgdf v/fof], b'D;L,:ofn, nf]vs]{, d[u, aGbfs], b'D;L,af3,

jg9f8], wf]/n, ;fns, uf]xf]/f],9]8' afFb/ , xg'dfg afFb/ h:tf h+unL hgfj/x¿ Pjd\

sfu, sflnh, 9's'/, ¿kL, n'OFr], eFu]/f, uf}ynL, a§fO,Eofs'/, lkp/f, lkm:6f,rfFr/,

/fgLr/L, nfdk'R5|],sf]sn], x/Lr/L h:tf r/fr'?ª\uLx¿ / em\ofpFls/L, h'gsL/L h:tf

cg]sf} k|sf/sf ls6kt+ª\ux¿ kfOG5g\ . oxfFsf vf]nfdf c;nf, a'b'gf, a'xf/L nufot

ljleGg k|sf/sf df5fsf ;fydf s5'jf / ljleGg k|sf/sf] Eofu'tf / cGo hnr/ k|f0fL

klg kfOG5g\ . k'tnL, sldnf, wld/f, sL/f, km6\ofª\u|f, lsTy|f, k'tnL, 3'g, ;fk, 5]kf/f],

efn]d'ª\u|f], nfe|] em'l;NsL/f, uFu6f], kfxf, ljR5L,lrKn]sL/f, vh'/f], cl/d7],df}/L, cl/ª\ufn,

af?nf], dfs'/f / cGo k|sf/sf ls/fld/fsf kfOG5g\ . To;}u/L oxfF 7"nf]cf]vtL,

kfvgj]b, lr/fOtf], dlh6f], ;t'jf, lrlDkmª, x8r'/, af]emf], l6Dd'/, l;nl6Dd'/, ltt]kftL,


11

s'l/nf], /fhufG6], kfFrcf}n], of;f{u'Dafsf ;fydf cg]s k|sf/sf hl8a"6L klg kfOg]

ub{5g\ . o;/L wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf hLjhGt' / jg:ktlsf b[li6n] ;DkGg 5 . oxfF

hf8f]df kfOg] hLj / jg:klt kfOg] ePsf]n] oxfFsf] h}ljs ljljwtf cGoq kfpg

;lsGg . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6n] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf lgSs} wgL /x]sf] bfjL ug{ ;lsG5

.

P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld

o; gu/kflnsfsf] gfd wd{b]jL /flvPsf] 5 . of] gu/kflnsfsf] gfd ;fljs cfFlve'O{

uflj;df cjl:yt wd{b]jL dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 /flvPsf] xf] . cfFvLe'O{, tfdfkmf]s,

dflDnªsf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;dGjofTds a}7saf6 wd{b]jL gfd /fVg'kb{5

egL ul/Psf] l;kmfl/;nfO{ lj=;+=@)&# kmfu'g @^ ut] dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{oaf6 ;b/ ub}{

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf gfds/0f ul/Psf] xf] .

j}lbs sfnb]lv ;+v'jf;ef lhNnf dxTjk"0f{ dflgb} cfPsf] 5 . To;a]nf lzjkfj{tLsf]

lqmof:ynsf ?kdf lzjwf/f / Jof;n] kf]v/Lsf] aLrdf j]bL agfO{ j]b n]vg yfngL

u/]sf] ;efkf]v/L oxL lhNnfdf kb{5 . oxL kf]v/L cf;kf;df ;ltb]jLsf] b]a|] cfFvf ktg

ePsf] :yfgsf ?kdf :j:yfgL a|t syfdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

PsLs/0fkl5 ls/ft /fHonfO{ tLgj6f /fHodf ljefhg ul/Psf]df ;+v'jf;ef lhNnf

kNnf] ls/ft cGt/ut kb{Yof] . ls/ftsfndf u9L / sf]6 egL b/af/ If]qnfO{ elgGYof] .

o; lhNnfdf klg xl6ofu9L, nf]xfsf]6 cflb :yfgx¿ /x]sfn] /fhb/af/ /x]sf] k|df0f

k'U5 . cGgkfgL / xltof/ e08f/0f ug]{ :yfgnfO{ uf]nf elgGYof] . xl6of uf]nf nufotsf

:yfgx¿ oxL lhNnfdf cjl:yt 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] qmddf lj=;+= !(#! a}zfvdf r}gk'/sf] blIf0fL If]qdf /3'/fgf

lnDa'sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf uf]vf{nL ;]gfx¿;Fu ls/ftL ;]gfx¿ le8]sf] Oltxf; 5 .

To;a]nf ls/ft /fHosf] tkm{af6 sfª\;f]/]sf]* g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] o'4 u/]sf]

* ‘ofVvf efiffdf sfª\;f]/]sf] cy{ of]$f x'G% . To;}n] Tolta]nf cfkmgf] e'ldsf] /Iffy{ n*\g] sfª\;f]/]x? ofVvf g} lyP .’ dfudfg lhdL lnª\vfåf/f lnlvt ofVvf hflt Ps kl/ro eGg] k':tssf]

k[i7 & .


12

atfOG5 . /f0ffsfndf ;+v'jf;ef wgs'6f uf}+8fsf] a8f xflsdsf] k|zf;lgs If]qdf /

r}gk'/sf] Goflos If]qdf kb{Yof] . r}gk'/ Goflos If]qsf nflu To;a]nf k|Voft lyof] .

To;tfsf j:tLx¿nfO{ y's eGg] rng lyof] . o; lhNnfdf klg bzdlemof y'd, kfFr

dlemof y'd, bzy/ y'd, kfFr vkg y'd, ;ef pQ/ y'd, ;+v'jf pQ/ y'd cflb y'dx¿

/x]sf] kfOG5 .

‘bz dlemofleq klg kfFr k|d'v df}hfx¿ kb{5g\ . o;sf] l;dfgf c?0f gbL k"j{,rf}sL

d+unaf/], >Ldfg] klZrs, s]jfvf]nf, 6'6], tLgh'/] pQ/ / lkjf vf]nf, bz/y If]q /

d}jfvf]nf y'dsf] l;dfgf xfªy'ª jf/kf/ blIf0fleq kb{5 .’ dfudfg lhdL lnª\vfåf/f

lnlvt ofVvf hflt Ps kl/ro eGg] k':tssf] k[i7 !) df y'd / bzdlemofsf] af/]df

pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL k':tsdf bzdlemofsf df}hfx¿df tfdfkmf]s÷ t'df]s /

dfdlnª÷dfªlnª klg pNn]v 5 . To; cfwf/df wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf / To;sf] sfof{no

ePsf] If]q P]ltxfl;s bz dlemof If]qleq /x]sf] kfOG5 . oxfF /x]sf] wd{b]jL dlGb/df

k|f/Deb]lv clxn];Dd ofVvf hfltsf] dflg; g} k"hf/L /xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . o;n] klg

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]q ofVvfx¿sf] P]ltxfl;s e"ld /x]sf] k'li6 ub{5 .

ofVvfx¿ oxfFsf k'/fgf afl;Gbf dfq lyPgg\ . pgLx¿ oxfFsf zf;s klg lyP . eGg]

s'/f ;f]xL k':tsdf dfdlnª If]qsf] JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5–‘ofVvfx¿n] /}ltaf6 gub

lt/f] p7fO{ gub g} ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg] lgod lyof] . s]xL kl5 cf7 ku/L eof] /

/f0fzf;gsf] a]nf t'df]sdf @) ku/L ePsf lyP . lj=;+= @)$* ;Dd ofVvfx¿ 8f]s]

/fhfsf ¿kdf zf;g uy]{ . pgLx¿;Fu l7ª\u|f] / ljeGg xftxltof/ ;fydf lyof] .’†

oxL ljifodf /fdhL sf]ª/]gn] ofVvf hfltsf] lrgf/L eGg] k':tsdf k[YjL gf/fof0f zfxn]

g]kfn PsLs/0f ug{'k"j{b]lv g} dlemofx¿ zf;ssf ¿kdf /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . pgn] n]v]sf

5g\–‘PsLs/9f ug{' klxn] g} kfFr dlemof / bz dlemof If]qsf dflg;nfO{ dlemof kbsf]

lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkP/ e":jfldTjsf ;fy;fy} ufpF3/sf d'2fdfldnf ;d]t x]g]{ clVtof/L

lbOPsf] lyof] . To;a]nfb]lv dlemofx¿n] dlemof eGg / n]Vg ;'? u/]sf lyP] . dlemof

kbsf] lhDd]jf/L gkfPsf JolQmn] gfdsf] k5fl8 lhldGbf/ -lhdL_ n]Vg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .’ ‡

cl3 wd{b]jL If]qnfO{ 3gf hª\unn] 9fs]sf] b]lvG5 . oxfFsf s]xL hfthfltsf

dflg;x¿sf ;;fgf j:tLx¿ lyP . 3gf hª\unsf sf/0f dflg;n] vf]nf of gbLsf]

lsgf/L efudf tyf kxf8sf] km]bLdf a:g cfjZos lyof] . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf /x]sf]

If]qdf a]nfa]nfdf kfOg] k'/fgf a;f]af;sf cjz]ifx¿n] o;} s'/fsf] ;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\ .

† x]g{'xf]; P] k':tssf] k[i7 !$ .

‡ x]g{'xf]; /fhL sf]ª/]gåf/f lnlvt ofVvf hfltsf] lrgf/L k[i7 ( .


13

wd{b]jLsf] cf;kf;df o:tf k'/fgf y'k|} k|sf/sf cjz]ifx¿ kfOPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿ sltko

gfl;Psf 5g\ eg] sltko cem;Dd klg phfu/ x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

o;} s|ddf lj=;+= !*#! df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f;Fu} of] e"efu klg

a[xQ/ g]kfndf uflePsf] kfOG5 . lj=;+= @)!*df g]kfnnfO{ !$ c~rn &% lhNnfdf

ljefhg u/]b]lv g} wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfn] cf]u6]sf] If]q ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] blIf0fL cyf{t

;LdfjtL{ efusf ?kdf /xg k'Uof] . h;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] cª\uLsf/ u/]sf]

;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] /fHo k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ lj=;+= @)&# kmfu'gdf tLgj6f ufpF ljsf;

;ldltsf] e"efunfO{ ;d]6]/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .

/fhg}lts ljefhg

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf lj=;+= @)&# df u7g ePsf] xf] . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] cleofg

rln/x]sf] a]nf kl5Nnf] ;dodf :yfgLo lgsfo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]un] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf

sfod ul/lbPsf] xf] . o;k|sf/ xfnsf] ef}uf]lns cfsf/ / hg;+Vofsf] wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf :yfgLo lgsfo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t

k|fKt /x]sf] 5 .

o; gu/kflnsfdf gf} j6f j8fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfleq dxTjk"0f{ Jofkfl/s

s]Gb|x¿ wd{b]jL ahf/, a'waf/] ahf/ / nf]v/f ahf/ rlr{t 5g\ . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf

k"j{—klZrd nfdf] / pQ/–blIf0f rf}8fO cln sd x'g uO{ nfDrf] cfsf/sf] b]lvG5 .

;+efjgf, cj;/ / r'gf}tLx¿

;+v'jf;efsf] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] hg3gTj ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] cf};t eGbf a9L 5 .

cyf{t, ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] hg3gTj $! hgf k|lt ju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 eg] o;

gu/kflnsfsf] hg3gTj !#& hgf k|lt ju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsf

If]qleq d"9], 6'6] b]p/fnL ahf/ h:tf rlr{t u|fdL0f ahf/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;

gu/kflnsfdf pQ/ blIf0f sf]zL /fhdfu{ $) lsnf]ld6/ k5{ . To; kxf8L dfu{af6

t]x|y'dsf] a;Gtk'/ / ;+v'jf;efsf] r}gk'/, t'lDnª6f/, vfFbaf/L x'Fb} lsdfyfª\sf hfg]

cj;/ 5 . o; gu/kflnsfsf] cfosf] d'Vo ;Defjgf jf cj;/ g} s[lif pTkfbg, jg


14

k}bfj/, hl/a'6L, 3/]n' pBf]u / Jofkf/ xf] . s[lif / cGo k|sf/sf ahf/sf] ;+efjgf klg

/x]sf] 5 . s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg dflg;x¿ k|z:t 5g\, oxfFsf] df6f] Tolt pj{/ 5}g . tf

klg o; gu/kflnsfdf cGg v]tLsf] ;fy} df};dL / a]df};dL cuf{lgs t/sf/L v]tLsf]

k|an ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . xfn, eO/x]sf] lgjf{xd'vL v]tLnfO{ Joj;fod"ns agfpg] qmd

;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] oxf+Fsf dflg;x¿sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g w]/} ;do kv{g'kb}{g .

xfn ahf/df a9\bf] ljiffbLo'Qm t/sf/Ln] dflg;x¿sf] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/

k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ clnslt a9L d"No lt/]/ eP klg cUof{lgs dnåf/f pTkflbt

j:t'x¿sf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . h;sf nflu e/kbf]{ cUof{lgs j:t' pTkfbs s[ifs ;d"x jf

;+:yfx¿ o;df nfUg' h¿/L b]lvG5 . To;}n] ahf/nfO{ nlIft u/]/ s[lif / cGo pTkfbg

ug{ ;Sbf o; gu/kflnsfsf] ;d[l4sf nflu k|z:t ;+efjgfx¿ /x]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 .

;+v'jf;efsf] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ;Defjgf klg k|z:t

/x]sf] 5 . 7"nf pBf]ux¿ ef}uf]lns sf/0fn] Tolt cg's"n gx'g] ePsfn] klg oxfF ;fgf

tyf 3/]n' pBf]usf] ;+efjgf a9L /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . 3/]n' pBf]uaf6 ;fgf]

nufgLdf ;fdu|Lx¿ pTkfbg u/]df laqmLsf nflu ahf/sf] s'g} cefj 5}g . d"9] ahf/df

nfUg] ;fKtflxs xl6of ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfs} rrlr{t xl6of xf] . To;}n] :yfgLo ;Lk /

k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pTkfbgsf] dfu xfn cfP/ a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . u'0f:t/o'Qm j:t'x¿n]

/fd|}u/L ahf/ kfpF5g\ . oxfFsf dflg;x¿ lgu'/f\], ;fnsf] kft, ef]nf{sf] 8f]/L, gfDnf],

afF;sf ljleGg ;fdu|Lx¿ agfpg] rf]ofaf6 8f]sf], 8fnf], esf/L, v'FuL agfpg] ;Lk

/fVb5g\ . ahf/ klg glhsdf kg]{ x'gfn] o; :yfgdf o:tf pBf]ux¿ km:6fpg ;Sg]

b]lvG5 . k"j{df gfd rn]sf] lxª\jf oxL gu/kflnsfdf pTkfbg x'G5 . oxfF To; k|sf/sf

cGo pBf]ux¿ ;~rfng ug]{ ;+efjgf k|z:t 5 . oxfFsf] kf]v/L, k'/fgf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts

dxTjsf :yfgx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/ ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t u/L gu/sf] cfDbfgL j[l4 ug]{

gofF ;|f]t aGg ;Sg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, oL If]qx¿nfO{ dflg;x¿sf] e]ife"iff, rf8

kj{ h:tf ;+f:s[lts kIfsf] ljsf; u/]/ ko{6sLo If]qsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]

;+efjgf klg 5Fb}5 . To;}u/L tLgh'/], ldNs] h:tf nfnLu'/fzsf] /fhwfgL eg]/ lrlgPsf

:yfgx¿ klg oxL gu/kflnsf If]qdf kb{5g\ . ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf nflu logLx¿

dxTjk"0f{ If]q x'g;S5g\ .

o; gu/kflnsfdf Jofkf/ Joj;fosf ;fy;fy} s[lif / kz'kfng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg dxTj

lbg ;lsG5 . klxn] k|foM ;a} 3/df kz'kfng ul/GYof] . t/, klxn] JolQmut ¿lr /

cfjZostf k'lt{sf nflu dfq kz'kfng gu/]/ Jofj;los p2]Zon] ug{ cfjZos 5 .

o;sf ;fy} o; gu/kflnsf If]qdf /x]sf vfnL P]nfgL klt{ hldgx¿df j[If/f]k0f u/L


15

kfs{x¿sf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/]sf] v08df o; e]usf] ;'Gb/tfdf j[l4 x'g uO{ cfGtl/s /

afXo ko{6sx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs tyf j}1flgs

9ª\un] kz'kfng u/L kz'hGo j:t' pTkfbg a9fO{ gu/nfO{ ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf

klg 5 . ca gu/kflnsfn] :jfot lgsfosf] ¿kdf cfkm\g} kxndf cfly{s ;|f]t klxrfg

u/L cfdbfgL a9fpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] s]Gb|Lo ah]6sf] ;fy;fy} :yfgLo cfdbfgLaf6 ;d]t

u/L ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .

oxfF eljiodf lsjL v]tL ug{sf nflu plrt df};d /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] Jojfks v]tL u/]/

h'; pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og u'/fFz, r'y|f], s];/L P];]n' klg

k|z:t x'g] ePsf]n] logLx?sf] v]tL u/L h'; pTkfbgsf] of]hgf agfpg ;lsG5 . oxfF

lrof, cn}rL,Rofp ?b|fIf h:tf gub] afnL k|z:t x'g] ;+efjgf 5 . cNnf] pTkfbg u/L

vfF8L sk8f pTkfbg ug]{ / xft] d]l;g /fv]/ kxf8] sfuh pTkfbg ug]{ ccj;/ klg

k|z:t /x]sf] kfOG5 . To:t} j[xb kz'kfng u/L dfz' pTkfbg ug]{ jf 708f snsn

kfgLdf 6«fp6 df5f kfn]/ cfDbfgL ug]{ ;+efjgf klg Tolts} dfqfdf /x]sf] 5

ko{6sLo If]q

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf un}r]kf]v/L P]ltxfl;s / wfld{s ko{6sLo :ynsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5

. o; kf]v/LnfO{ cem} ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . tLgh'/], ldNs] If]q nfnLu'/fFzsf] /fhfwfgL

xf] . oxfF @* k|hfltsf u'/fFz kfOG5g\ . ljZjdf kfOg] #% k|hfltsf u'/fFzdWo] o; If]qdf

dfq @* k|hfltsf kfOG5g\ . o;sf/0f u'/fFzsf] a+z / k|hfltsf] cWoogsf] lx;fan]

Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ 7fpF /x]sf] k|i6 5 . o;sf nflu oxfF af]6gLsf ljBfyL{ / cGo

cWoogstf{nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf 5 . o;/L oxfF Psflt/ u'/fFz x]g{ cfpg]

ko{6snfO{ cslif{t ug{ ;lsG5 eg] csf]{lt/ u'/fFzsf] cWoog ug{ ;lsg] s]Gb|sf ?kdf

ljsf; u/]/ w]/} cWogstf{nfO{ csflif{t ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf klg Tolts} /x]sf] 5 .

oxfF /x]sf] wd{b]jL dlGb/ cfkm} wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ko{6gsf] ;+efjgf ePswfld{s :yfg

xf] . wd{b]jLsf dflg;x¿df dlGb/k|ltsf] cf:yf lgSs} 5 . wfld{s cf:yfsf] cfwf/df k"hf

cfhf ul/g] o; b]j:yndf b}lgs @) b]lv @% hgf dflg;x¿ cfpg] ePsf]n] o;sf]

k|rf/k|;f/ x'g] xf] eg] oxfF cfpg] eQmhgsf] ;+Vof a9\g ;Sg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .


16

o; k|sf/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf dfly pNn]lvt wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts / ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf]

;fy ;fy} cGo y'k|} dlGb/ / b]j:ynx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . logLx¿n] o; gu/kflnsfdf ko{6s

cfslif{t ug{] Ifdtf /fVb5g\ .

!= tLgh'/]–ldNs] ko{6sLo If]qMMwd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df /x]sf] tLgh'/] ldNs]

ko{6sLo If]q @* k|hfltsf] u'/fz, ljeGg lsl;dsfn;'gfv/Lsf] cWoog ug{ ;lsg] 7fpF

. o; sl/8f]/nfO{ k}bndfu{sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf klg /x]sf] 5 .

@=kfyLe/f sj}6f/ MtLgh'/] If]qdf /x]sf] kfyLe/f dlGb/ cfsif{s dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 .

cK7\of/f] psfnf] r9]/ of] dlGb/sf] bz{g ubf{ ;f/} cfgGb cfpg] u/]sf] ko{6sx¿

atfpF5g' . u'/fF; km's]sf a]nf dlGb/ cf]l/kl/af6 u'/fF;] jgsf] dgf]/d b[Zo ;fFRr] df]xs

/x]sf] x'G5 . of] dlGb/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df /x]sf] 5 .

#= dxeL/sf] df}/L 3f/ M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df /x]sf] sl/a #)) ld6/

cUnf] eL/df eL/df}/Lsf] 3f/ cfkm}+df x]g{nfos 5 .

$= l;dn] 5x/f / jflnª 5fFuf M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @ df /x]sf] l;dn]

5x/f / jflnª 5fFuf /d0fLo / b[Zo:kzL{ /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿nfO{ k|rf/k|;f/ /

Joj:yfkg u/]/ cjnf]sg ug]{ dxTjlk"0f{ :ynsf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5.

%= b]p/fnL n'kn'k u'kmfM wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @ df /x]sf] b]p/fnL n'kn'k

u'kmf ko{6sLo ;+efjgf af]s]sf] :yn /x]sf] 5 .

^= ofVvfx¿sf] 8f]s]gL ;flns o; If]qsf k'/fgf afl;Gbf tyf dlemofx¿ g} ofVvf x'g\

. To;}n] pgLx¿sf] k'Vff{x¿n] dflgcfPsf] 8f]sgL ;flns wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f

gDa/ $df /x]sf] 5 . P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f+:s[lts dxTj af]s]sf] of] If]qsf] k|j4{g u/L

ko{6sLo :ynsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .

^= atf;] Kjfn M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ $df /x]sf] Rofg8fF8df pp6f Kjfn

5 h'g Kjfnaf6 lr;f] xfjf cfpg] ub{5 . o;sf] /x:o vf]hL u/L o;nfO{ ko{6sLo

If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .


17

&= atf;] 8fF8f M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ^ ;fpg] eGg] :yfgdf /x]sf] atf;]

8fF8f ko[6sLo lx;fan] lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ / ;+efjgf af]s]sf] 8fF8f xf] . cUnf] 8fF8f ePsfn]

tn vf]nfaf6 cfpg] lr;f] atf; af/} dlxgf rln/x]sf] x'G5 . ToxL eP/ o;sf] gfd

atf;] 8fF8f /flvPsf] x'g;S5 . atf;] 8fF8fsf] /x:o jf dxTj lr;f] xfjfdf dfqf ;Lldt

5}g . Jofks ko{6sLo ;+efjgf af]s]sf] 5 o;n] . oxfFaf6 ;+v'jf;ef, ef]hk'/ / wgs'6f

clwsf+z 7fpFx¿ dhfn] cjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 . lr;f] atf;sf] emf]Ssf;Fu /d]/ Ps}

:yfgdf pleP/ kxf8L lhNnfsf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo cjnf]sg ug{ kfpFbf ko{6sx¿n] :ju{ k'u]em}

cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;S5g\ .

*= k|lz4 wd{b]jL dlGb/ Mwd{b]jL dlGb/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ^ df cjl:yt 5

. gu/kflnsfsf] gfdfs/0f ;d]t oxL dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] dlGb/ cfkm}+df

P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s dxTjsf] t 5Fb}5, ljlji6 ljz]iftfo'Qm klg 5 . l5Gtfª\ b]jL;Fu

;DaGw hf]l8Psf] of] cfkm}+ pTklt ePsf] lsablGt kfOG5 . lj=;+= !(!*df :yfkgf ePsf]

o; dlGb/sf] clxn];Dd ;ft hgf k"hf/L eP ;a} ofVvf hfltsf dflg; dfq k'hf/L x'g

kfPsf 5g\ . k"hf/L 5fGg] tl/sf klg km/s 5 . k"hf/Lsf] d[To' eP/ jf czQm eP/ gofF

k"hf/L rog ug{'kbf{ b]jL :jodn] 5flG5g\ eGg] dfGotf 5 . s;}n] rfx]/ k"hf/L x'g

kfpFGg . s;}n] x'gg eg]/ klg w/ kfpb}g . b]jLn] 5fg]sf] dfG5] cfkm}+ sfKb} / e6\ofpFb}

cfpF5g\ / k"hfsf] sfd ;DxfN5g\ . § oxfF kz' tyf k+IfLsf] jnL lbg] rng 5 . of]

dlGb/sf] Joj:yfkg u'7Ln] ul//x]sf] 5 .

(= un}+r] kf]v/L M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ * df/x]sf] un}+r] kf]v/L oxfFsf]

P]ltxfl;s kf]v/L xf] . o; If]qsf cflbjf;L ofVvf hfltsf k"j{h bz dlemofn] g} o;sf]

:yfkgf / gfdfs/0f u/]sf] x'gfn] klg o;sf] dxTj /xg uPsf] 5 .

!)= w"wgfy u'kmf M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ (df /x]sf] w"wgfy u'kmf oxfFsf] Ps

dxTjk"0f{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf xf] . u'kmfleq lx6L,s'jf, eLd;]g dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . o;df

Clifk~rdLsf] lbg k"hf ul/G5 . to;lbg oxfF 6f9f 6f9faf6 eQmhgx¿ cfpg] ub{5g\ .

!!= af]Ng] 9'ª\uf M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ (df af]Ng] 9'ª\uf /x]sf] 5 .

ljxLaf/]sf] dflyNnf] rf}tf/f]df uP/ hf];'s}n] af]n] klg Tof] cfjfh h:tfsf] t:t} kmls{P/

§ x]g{'xf];, nIdL k|;fb clwsf/Lå/f lnlvt, @)^! ;fn . >L wd{b]jL dlGb/ kl/ro, k[i7 @ .


18

cfpF5 . Tof] cjfh af]Ng] dfG5] :jod\n] ;'Gg ;S5 . o;/L af]lnPsf] cjfh kmsfPg]

ePsfn] To;nfO{ af]Ng] 9'ª\uf] elgG5 . dflg;x¿ dfYnf] rf}tf/f]df uP/ cfkmg} kf/fn]

af]Nb} u/fpFb} dhf lnO/x]sf x'G5g\ .

!@=zxLb kfs{ M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ( ljxLaf/]df agfOPsf] zxL5 . kfs{nfO{

Jojl:yt ug]{ xf] eg] ko{6snfO{ cfslif{s ug]{ / :yfgLo dflv; klg km';{bsf] ;dodf

;':tfpg] / zxLbsf] b]gnfO{ :d/0f ug]{ 7fpF aGg] 5 .

!#= onDa/ kfs{

gu/af;Lsf] cGt/ ;DaGw

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf / oxfFsf lgjf;Lsf] cGt/;DaGw ljz]ifu/L l5d]sL uflj; /

gu/kflnsf Pjd\ ToxfF /x]sf ahf/x¿;Fu /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] cGt/;DaGw Hofbf

dfqfdf o; gu/kflnsf:fFu l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] nfnLu'/fFz gu/kflnsf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L

r}gk'/ / ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd vfFbaf/L, t'lDnª6f/;Fu k|zf;lgs / /fhgLlts

sfdsf] nflu cGt/;DaGw /x]sf] kfOG5 . oL ahf/x¿df :yfgLo pTkfbgx¿ laqmL

ljt/0f x'g'sf ;fy} dflg;x¿n] :yfgLo cfjZostfsf j:t'x¿ vl/b ub{5g\ . csf]{lt/

tLgh'/] ldNs] hnhn] x'Fb} tfKn]h'ª hfg ;lsg] dfu{ 5 . csf]{lt/ oxL tLgh'/] ldNs]

hnhn] dfu{nfO{ lsdfyfGsf;Dd hfg] kbdfu{sf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf klg

b]lvPsf] 5 .

gu/kflnsfnfO{ rflxg] cGo s[lif ;fdu|L, lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, vfB ;fdu|L nufot b}lgs

cfjZostfsf j:t'x¿sf] cfoft d"ntM w/fg, lj/f6gu/ / sf7df08f}sf ahf/af6 x'g]

u/]sf] 5 . oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf nflu t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] a;Gtk'/ / ;+v'jf;efsf] r}gk'/

glhssf ahf/x¿ x'g\ . oxfFsf afl;Gbf cfkm\gf] cfjZostfsf a:t'x¿ v/Lb ug{ oL

ahf/x¿df hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;+v'jf;efsf] t'lDnª6f/sf] xjfO{ ;]jf klg 5 .

sf7df08f}af6 hxfh cfjthfjt ub{5g\ . t/, t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] a;Gtk'/ x'Fb} hf]l8g]

uf8Lsf] ?6 oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf nflu e/kbf]{ / ;lhnf] dfWod /x]sf] 5 .


19

v08 tLg

cfwf/e"t tYofª\s ljZn]if0f

JolQmut ljj/0f

hg;ª\Vofsf] ljj/0f

lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] s"n hg;ª\Vof !*@#% hgf

/x]sf] lyof] . t/, lj=;+= @)&$ df ul/Psf] 3/w"/L ;j]{If0fdf oxfFsf] hg;+Vof !(*%(

/x]sf] 5 . h; cg';f/ k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof !)!** / dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof eg] o;eGbf s]xL sd

(^&! hgf /x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf 3/kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof #(%@ /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf]

cf};t kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof %=)# /x]sf] kfOG5 .


20

Tfflnsf g+= !

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f, 3/ kl/jf/ tyf lnË cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f .

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&%÷ /fli6«o hgu0fgf lj=;+=@)^* .

lj=;+= @)^* j[l4 sf] hgu0fgfsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] t'ngf ubf{ oxfF+sf]

hg;ª\Vof a9]sf] 5 eg] 3/kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof 36]sf] 5 . j8fut cfwf/df ;a}eGbf a9L

3/kl/jf/ ePsf] j8f g+= # xf], h;df ^$) 3/kl/jf/ / hg;ª\Vof @!$! /x]sf] kfOPsf]

5 . otf ;j}eGbf sd 3/kl/jf/ j8f g+=& df #@$ 3/ /x]sf] 5, hg;ª\Vof !^&# /x]sf]

5 .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] n}lËs cg'kft eg] !)%=#% /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ xf], oxfF !))

hgf dlxnf a/fa/ sl/a !)%=#% hgf k'?if /xG5g\ . dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof k'?ifsf]eGbf

sd a9L ePsf]n] o:tf] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] . o;af6 wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf dlxnfsf]

j8f

g+=

lnË -@)&$_

hDdf

3/

kl/jf

/

;+Vof

cf};t

kl/jf

/

;+Vof

n}lËs

cg'kft

lnË -@)^*_

hDdf

3/

kl/jf/

;+Vof -

@)^*_

cf};t

aflif{s

hg;+Vof

a[lbb/ k'?if dlxnf k'?if

dlxnf

1 1426 1294 2720 560 4.86 110.20 1115 1317 2432 536 1.87

2 948 868 1816 383 4.74 109.22 772 892 1664 392 1.46

3 1578 1513 3091 640 4.83 104.30 1367 1595 2962 652 0.71

4 1073 1068 2141 393 5.45 100.47 827 936 1763 391 3.24

5 1195 1141 2336 451 5.18 104.73 971 1120 2091 436 1.85

6 982 978 1960 402 4.88 100.41 817 934 1751 357 1.88

7 866 807 1673 324 5.16 107.31 749 881 1630 346 0.43

8 1065 975 2040 383 5.33 109.23 861 1,068 1929 405 0.93

9 1055 1027 2082 416 5.00 102.73 913 1,100 2013 443 0.56

hDdf 10188 9671 19859 3952 5.03 105.35 8,392 9,843 18,235 3,958 1.42


21

t'ngfdf k'?ifsf] ;ª\Vof a9L /x]sf] kfOG5 . oxfFsf] hg;+Vof j[l4 b/ !=$@ k|ltzt

/x]sf] 5 h'g /fli6«o hg;+Vof j[l4b/ !=#% k|ltzt eGbf lgSs} a9L xf] .

o;nfO{ tnsf] :tDe lrqdf klg b]vfOPsf] 5 .

dflysf] :tDe lrqdf lj=;+= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfsf] tYofª\sdf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf

dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)&$sf] 3/w"/L ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df cfPsf]

tYofª\s x]bf{ k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof (#(@ xhf/af6 a9]/ !)!** k'u]sf] 5 . t/ dlxnfsf]

;+Vof (*&# af6 36]/ (^&! ePsf] 5 . s'n hg;+Vofdf klg o;kN6 pNn]Vo dfqfdf

a9]sf] 5 .

kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof

xfd|f k'vf{x¿ ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df a:y] . Tolta]nf kl/jf/ 7"nf] ePdf a9L Ifdtfjfg /

cfsf/ dflg;sf] ;Eotf jf ljsf;nfO{ a'emg] cfwf/ ePsf] 5pNn]v . ljsf;sf] qmddf

cfw'lgs ljrf/ cFufn]sf] 5 jf k'/fg} ljrf/sf] cg'ofoL xf] eGg] s'/f kl/jf/sf] cfsf/

s:tf] 5 eGg] cfwf/df a'em\g / cy{ nufpg yflnPsf] 5 . oBlk kljf/ 7"nf] jf ;fgf]

agfpg'sf k5fl8 dflg;sf] cfkm\gf] afWotf jf ;f]rfO klg x'g;S5 . sf/0f h];'s} eP


22

klg wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ;fgf] jf 7"nf] b'j} lsl;dsf kl/jf/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oxfF

/x]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof / To;sf] cfsf/ tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= @

kl/jf/df ePsf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+=

kl/jf/ ;b:o

;+Vof

3/kl/jf/

;+Vof hg;+Vof k|ltzt

1 1 99 99 0.499

2 2 267 534 2.689

3 3 487 1461 7.357

4 4 907 3628 18.27

5 5 830 4150 20.9

6 6 566 3396 17.1

7 7 330 2310 11.63

8 8 202 1616 8.137

9 9 160 1440 7.251

10 10 36 360 1.813

11 11 20 220 1.108

12 12 21 252 1.269

13 13 12 156 0.786

14 14 6 84 0.423

15 15 4 60 0.302

16 17 1 17 0.086

17 18 2 36 0.181

18 20 2 40 0.201

hDdf 3952 19859 100

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% .

kl/jf/df slthgf ;b:o 5g\ jf slt ;b:oLo kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 egL ljZn]if0f ubf{

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf Go"gtd Ps hgf / a9Ldf @) hgf Pp6f kl/jf/df x]sf]


23

kfOPsf] 5 . kl/jf/ ;+Vof Pshgf /x]sf] (( kl/jf/ 5g\ eg] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o @) hgf

/x]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof b'O{ /x]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L kl/jf/x¿ kl/jf/ ;b:o rf/ / kfFr

;/x]sf 5g\ . rf/ hgf kl/jf/ ;b:o /x]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof ()& /x]sf] 5 eg] kl/jf/sf

;b:ox¿ kfFr hgf /x]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof *#) /x]sf] 5 . h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] qmdzM

!*=@& / @)=( k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

lnË cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ d"nL

n}lª\us cfwf/df kl/jf/ d'nLsf] ljZn]if0f cfkm}df dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . xfd|f] ;dfh k'¿if

k|wfg / lkt[;tfTds dflgG5 . o:tf] ;dodf 3/d'nLsf] lnª\u klxrfg Hofb} dxTjk"0f{

ljifo x'G5 . dlxnfn] g]t[Tj lnPsf] 3/kl/jf/ / k'?ifsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] kl/jf/sf]

ljifodf jf:tjdf cWoog ug{'kg]{ kIfx¿ w]/} 5g\ . t/, oxfF Totf tkm{ gnfuL ;fdfgo

n}lª\us cg'kftsf] ljZn]if0f dfq ug{] hdsf]{ 7l/Psf] 5 . tnsf] tflnsf o;} k|of]hgsf

nflu xf] . Tfflnsf g+= #

j8f g+= tyf lnË cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ d"nLsf] ;+Vof .

j8f g+= lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1 509 51 560

2 285 98 383

3 569 71 640

4 314 79 393

5 380 71 451

6 327 75 402

7 244 80 324

8 247 136 383

9 316 100 416

hDdf 3191 761 3952


kl/jf/sf] d"n JolQm dlxnf jf k'¿if sf] a9L /x]sf] 5 < eGg] ljifodf cWoog ubf{

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ kl/jf/ dWo] #!(! 3/df d'nL k'?if /x]sf 5g\ eg] &^!

3/df d"nL dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . j8fut cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ dlxnf d"nL /x]sf] kl/jf/


24

j8f gDa/ & df ;a}eGbf sd cyf{t *) kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L j8f gDa/ *

;a}eGbf a9L dlxnf 3/d"nL /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s'n 3/d"nL dWo] @$ k|ltzt dlxnf /

&^ k|ltzt k'?if /x]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ tnsf] j[tlrqdf klg b]vfOPsf] 5 .

pd]/ ;d"x tyf lnË cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof

hg;+VofnfO{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/]/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ s'g pd]/ ;d"xsf

dflg;x¿ slt 5g\ eGg] hfgsf/L x'g'sf ;fy} s'g pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x?df n}lª\us

cg'kft s;tf] /x]sf] 5 egL yfxf kfpg ;lsg] cj:yf aGb5 . h'g hg;flVos

cWoogsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 lgSs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;n] n}lª\us ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf klg

bzf{pF5 . tnsf] tflnsf x]g{'xf];\ .


25

Tfflnsf g+= $ pd]/ ;d"x tyf lnË cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof .

l;=g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k|ltzt k'?if dlxnf

1

3 jif{ eGbf

sd 519 498 1017 5.12

2 4 b]lv 5 377 318 695 3.50

3 6 b]lv 9 649 641 1290 6.50

4 10 b]lv 14 1121 1091 2212 11.14

5 15 b]lv 19 1105 1045 2150 10.83

6 20 b]lv 24 1083 1005 2088 10.51

7 25 b]lv 29 938 821 1759 8.86

8 30 b]lv 34 874 753 1627 8.19

9 35 b]lv 39 672 671 1343 6.76

10 40 b]lv 44 555 493 1048 5.28

11 45 b]lv 49 441 463 904 4.55

12 50 b]lv 54 455 488 943 4.75

13 55 b]lv 59 405 354 759 3.82

14 60 b]lv 64 313 346 659 3.32

15 65 b]lv 69 262 264 526 2.65

16

70 jif{ eGbf

dfly 419 420 839 4.22

hDdf 10188 9671 19859 100.00


wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s'n hg;+Vof !(*%( dWo] pd]/ ;d"xsf] cfwf/df !) b]lv

!$ jif{ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof a9L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . of] ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof @@!@ /x]sf] 5,

h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] !!=!$ k|ltzt xf] . o;af6 o; gu/kflnsfdf afnaflnsfsf] ;d"x

lgSs} a9L /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L hg;+Vof a9L /x]sf] pd]/ ;d"xx¿df !% b]lv !(

jif{ ;d"xsf @!%) -!)=*# k|ltzt_, @) b]lv @$ jif{ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof @)** hgf

-!)=%! k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . o; gu/kflnsfdf &) jif{eGbf a9L pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof


26

*#( /x]sf] 5 h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] $=@@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ tn lbOPsf]

hg;+Vof kL/fld8 cem k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 .

lnË tyf pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] lk/fld8 .

pd]/ ;d"x / lnª\usf] cfwf/df j8fut hg;+Vof

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ( j6f j8fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ;a} j8fdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df

n}ª\lus ;xeflutf ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf yfxf kfpg j8fut cfwf/df dlxnf / k'¿ifsf]

pd]/ut ;+Vof h¿/L x'G5 . o;af6 pd]/ut cfjZostf klxrrfg u/L sfo{qmdx¿

;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . o; gu/kflnsfdf j8fut cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] hg;+Vof

ljj/0f tn lOPsf] 5 .


27

tflnsf g+= %

pd]/ ;d"x tyf j8f cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f .

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1

1

3 jif{ eGbf sd 88 78 166

2 4 b]lv 5 70 54 124

3 6 b]lv 9 93 100 193

4 10 b]lv 14 176 132 308

5 15 b]lv 19 143 150 293

6 20 b]lv 24 153 147 300

7 25 b]lv 29 134 92 226

8 30 b]lv 34 118 110 228

9 35 b]lv 39 95 83 178

10 40 b]lv 44 55 58 113

11 45 b]lv 49 47 63 110

12 50 b]lv 54 68 66 134

13 55 b]lv 59 57 50 107

14 60 b]lv 64 42 43 85

15 65 b]lv 69 26 25 51

16 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 61 43 104

hDdf 1426 1294 2720

17

2

3 jif{ eGbf sd 43 39 82

18 4 b]lv 5 29 26 55

19 6 b]lv 9 49 48 97

20 10 b]lv 14 70 82 152

21 15 b]lv 19 115 95 210


28

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

22 20 b]lv 24 110 80 190

23 25 b]lv 29 90 89 179

24 30 b]lv 34 87 74 161

25 35 b]lv 39 60 58 118

26 40 b]lv 44 61 51 112

27 45 b]lv 49 45 45 90

28 50 b]lv 54 38 46 84

29 55 b]lv 59 44 34 78

30 60 b]lv 64 30 37 67

31 65 b]lv 69 23 24 47

32 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 54 40 94

hDdf 948 868 1816

33

3

3 jif{ eGbf sd 80 79 159

34 4 b]lv 5 58 45 103

35 6 b]lv 9 99 113 212

36 10 b]lv 14 196 171 367

37 15 b]lv 19 169 164 333

38 20 b]lv 24 152 161 313

39 25 b]lv 29 137 131 268

40 30 b]lv 34 153 124 277

41 35 b]lv 39 101 108 209

42 40 b]lv 44 95 74 169

43 45 b]lv 49 58 76 134

44 50 b]lv 54 74 78 152


29

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

45 55 b]lv 59 59 54 113

46 60 b]lv 64 53 47 100

47 65 b]lv 69 48 34 82

48 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 46 54 100

hDdf 1578 1513 3091

49

4

3 jif{ eGbf sd 56 59 115

50 4 b]lv 5 36 28 64

51 6 b]lv 9 53 64 117

52 10 b]lv 14 112 137 249

53 15 b]lv 19 124 112 236

54 20 b]lv 24 106 99 205

55 25 b]lv 29 94 103 197

56 30 b]lv 34 81 65 146

57 35 b]lv 39 76 75 151

58 40 b]lv 44 78 63 141

59 45 b]lv 49 57 50 107

60 50 b]lv 54 49 55 104

61 55 b]lv 59 41 36 77

62 60 b]lv 64 25 37 62

63 65 b]lv 69 31 26 57

64 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 54 59 113

hDdf 1073 1068 2141

65 5

3 jif{ eGbf sd 57 35 92

66 4 b]lv 5 47 36 83


30

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

67 6 b]lv 9 72 60 132

68 10 b]lv 14 148 151 299

69 15 b]lv 19 119 134 253

70 20 b]lv 24 133 124 257

71 25 b]lv 29 108 81 189

72 30 b]lv 34 105 99 204

73 35 b]lv 39 75 86 161

74 40 b]lv 44 68 59 127

75 45 b]lv 49 55 51 106

76 50 b]lv 54 55 59 114

77 55 b]lv 59 43 43 86

78 60 b]lv 64 33 43 76

79 65 b]lv 69 32 30 62

80 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 45 50 95

hDdf 1195 1141 2336

81

6

3 jif{ eGbf sd 50 63 113

82 4 b]lv 5 46 36 82

83 6 b]lv 9 69 78 147

84 10 b]lv 14 121 118 239

85 15 b]lv 19 105 90 195

86 20 b]lv 24 111 105 216

87 25 b]lv 29 85 73 158

88 30 b]lv 34 77 78 155

89 35 b]lv 39 56 59 115


31

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

90 40 b]lv 44 40 47 87

91 45 b]lv 49 50 49 99

92 50 b]lv 54 41 44 85

93 55 b]lv 59 35 33 68

94 60 b]lv 64 31 24 55

95 65 b]lv 69 28 30 58

96 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 37 51 88

hDdf 982 978 1960

97

7

3 jif{ eGbf sd 47 32 79

98 4 b]lv 5 29 32 61

99 6 b]lv 9 59 60 119

100 10 b]lv 14 67 89 156

101 15 b]lv 19 96 73 169

102 20 b]lv 24 94 80 174

103 25 b]lv 29 89 77 166

104 30 b]lv 34 88 54 142

105 35 b]lv 39 52 61 113

106 40 b]lv 44 33 39 72

107 45 b]lv 49 39 30 69

108 50 b]lv 54 41 41 82

109 55 b]lv 59 33 28 61

110 60 b]lv 64 32 44 76

111 65 b]lv 69 27 29 56

112 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 40 38 78


32

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

hDdf 866 807 1673

113

8

3 jif{ eGbf sd 50 59 109

114 4 b]lv 5 27 30 57

115 6 b]lv 9 78 56 134

116 10 b]lv 14 118 95 213

117 15 b]lv 19 120 105 225

118 20 b]lv 24 101 93 194

119 25 b]lv 29 102 95 197

120 30 b]lv 34 92 72 164

121 35 b]lv 39 90 70 160

122 40 b]lv 44 62 51 113

123 45 b]lv 49 47 49 96

124 50 b]lv 54 40 38 78

125 55 b]lv 59 42 35 77

126 60 b]lv 64 32 43 75

127 65 b]lv 69 24 37 61

128 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 40 47 87

hDdf 1065 975 2040

129

9

3 jif{ eGbf sd 48 54 102

130 4 b]lv 5 35 31 66

131 6 b]lv 9 77 62 139

132 10 b]lv 14 113 116 229

133 15 b]lv 19 114 122 236


33

l;=g+= j8f g+= pd]/ ;d'x

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

134 20 b]lv 24 123 116 239

135 25 b]lv 29 99 80 179

136 30 b]lv 34 73 77 150

137 35 b]lv 39 67 71 138

138 40 b]lv 44 63 51 114

139 45 b]lv 49 43 50 93

140 50 b]lv 54 49 61 110

141 55 b]lv 59 51 41 92

142 60 b]lv 64 35 28 63

143 65 b]lv 69 23 29 52

144 70 jif{ eGbf dfly 42 38 80

hDdf 1055 1027 2082


dflysf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf gf} j6f j8fx¿df hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f s;/L

ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f b]vfOPsf] 5 . h;n] of]hgf th{'df ug{] ;dodf pd]/nfO{ cfwf/

dfg]/ j8fut /0fgLlt / j8fut sfo{of]hgf agfO{ cufl8 a9\g d2t ug]{ ck]If fug{

;lsG5 .

Psn pd]/ / n}ª\lus cfwf/

hg;ª\Vofsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ Psn pd]/nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ul/g] ljZn]if0fsf] cfkmg} dxTj

/x]sf] 5 . oxfF tLg jif{d'lgsf] cyf{t z"Gob]lv tLg jif{;Ddsf] pd]/ ePsf] ;ª\VofnfO{

Ps 7fpFdf /flvPsf] 5 . To;eGbf dfly &% jif{;DdnfO{ x/]s jif{sf] ljj/0f cnu

lbOPsf] 5 . km]l/ &^ jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;ª\VofnfO{ Psd'i6 /flvPsf] 5 . o;af6 x/]s


34

pd]/ ;d"xsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] hg;+VofnfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kdf cWoog ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt

x'g]5 .

tflnsf g++= ^

Psn pd]/ cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f .

pd]/

ln+u

hDdf pd]/

ln+u

hDdf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf 3 jif{ eGbf

sd 519 498 1017

40

jif{;Ddsf] 7536 7014 14550

4 186 162 348 41 87 82 169

5 191 156 347 42 108 87 195

6 170 153 323 43 81 73 154

7 157 180 337 44 81 80 161

8 163 158 321 45 118 140 258

9 159 150 309 46 90 92 182

10 217 198 415 47 80 70 150

11 185 178 363 48 85 91 176

12 216 192 408 49 68 70 138

13 248 281 529 50 148 154 302

14 255 242 497 51 69 68 137

15 230 210 440 52 88 100 188

16 225 206 431 53 76 84 160

17 216 200 416 54 74 82 156


35

pd]/

ln+u

hDdf pd]/

ln+u

hDdf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf

18 232 248 480 55 85 92 177

19 202 181 383 56 77 78 155

20 222 249 471 57 91 63 154

21 199 196 395 58 88 69 157

22 245 213 458 59 64 52 116

23 179 160 339 60 98 123 221

24 238 187 425 61 56 52 108

25 237 219 456 62 59 53 112

26 186 167 353 63 54 49 103

27 177 152 329 64 46 69 115

28 183 147 330 65 70 81 151

29 155 136 291 66 57 56 113

30 246 228 474 67 39 36 75

31 140 104 244 68 48 54 102

32 170 156 326 69 48 37 85

33 156 129 285 70 51 62 113

34 162 136 298 71 45 35 80

35 199 200 399 72 37 41 78


36

pd]/

ln+u

hDdf pd]/

ln+u

hDdf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf

36 138 127 265 73 29 30 59

37 116 109 225 74 37 35 72

38 117 126 243 75 43 45 88

39 102 109 211 76 jif{

eGbf dfly

177 172 349

40 198 171 369

hDdf 7536 7014 14550 s"n hDdf 10188 9671 19859


dflysf] tflnsfaf6 k|To]s pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] hg;ª\Vof cWoog ug{ ;lsG5

. To; cfwf/df x]bf{ !# jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] dflg;x¿ ;a}eGbf w]/} %@( hgf /x]sf] kfOof]

. To;kl5 a9L hg;ª\Vof ePsf jif{ ;d"xdf !$ jif{ /x]sf] 5 . ;f] pd]/sf hg;ª\Vof

$(& /x]sf] kfOof] . To;}u/L qmdzM !* jif{sf $*) hgf, #) jif{df $&$ / @) jif{df

$&! hgf /x]sf] kfOof] . To;}n] !# b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf] hg;ª\Vof ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5

. Tof] eGbf tn / dflysf] pd]/ ;d"xsf] hg;+Vof 36\b} uPsf] kfOG5 .

oxL cfwf/df ;a}eGbf yf]/} hg;ª\Vof ePsf] pd]/ ;d"x ^^ /x]sf] 5 h'g pd]/sf dflg;

%^ hgf dfq 5g\ . To;}u/L &# jif{sf dflg;x¿ %( hgf, &@ jif{sf &* hgf, ^( / &!

jif{sf dflg;x¿ *%÷*% hgf / &% jif{sf dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof ** hgf /x]sf 5g\ .

o;/L pd]/ut cfwf/df hg;ª\Vofs]f cWoogn] cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] pd]/ ;d"xsf]

hg;ª\Vof u0fgf u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ of]hgf agfpg ;lsg] x'G5 . h:t} wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfsf] afnaflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof lgsfNg' kbf{ dflysf] tflnsfsf] ;xf/f lng

;lsG5 .


37

hfltut ;d'bfosf] hg;ª\Vof

;+v'jf;efdf /x]sf] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hfltsf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]jf; /x]sf]

kfOG5 . Tof] hfltut hg;ª\VofnfO{ hftLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/df j8fut cfwf/df

ljefhg u/]/ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= &

hfltut ;d"x tyf j8f cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof tyf 3/kl/jf/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

j8f g+= hfthflt

hDdf

afx'gIf]qL

kxf8

hghflt

kxf8 cGo hflt blnt kxf8

1 936 1711 0 73 2720

2 427 1240 0 149 1816

3 1324 1638 4 125 3091

4 1360 547 0 234 2141

5 922 1290 0 124 2336

6 963 794 0 203 1960

7 394 1113 0 166 1673

8 709 1062 0 269 2040

9 1369 557 0 156 2082

hDdf 8404 9952 4 1499 19859


Dfflysf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]jf;

/x]sf] 5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ hftLo ;d"xsf] cfwf/df afx'g If]qL, hghflt / blnt u/L tLg

;d"xdf afF8L cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ;a}eGbf w]/} hg;+Vof

hghflt+sf] /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] hg;ª\Vof ((%@ hgf /x]sf] 5 . of] .gu/kflnsfsf]

s'n hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwfeGbf a9L cyf{t %)=!! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;s} xf/fxf/Ldf

afx'g If]qLsf] hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] hg;+Vof *$)$ /x]sf] 5 h'g s'n

hg;ª\Vofsf] $@=#@ k|ltzt x'gcfpF5 . To;kl5 kxf8] blntsf] hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 .

kxf8] blntx¿sf] hg;+Vof !$(( /x]sf] 5 . of] s'n hg;+Vofsf] &=%% k|ltzt xf] .


38

o;afx]s rf/ hgf cGo hfltsf dflg; klg oxfF /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . h'g k|ltztsf]

cfwf/df z"Go bzdnj @ /x]sf] 5 .

j8fut cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ j8f gDa/ $,^ / ( df afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf

dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] afFsL 5 j6f

j8fx¿df hghflt ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

hfltut ;d'bfo, 3/kl/jf/ / lnª\u cg';f/sf] hg;ª\Vof

hfltut cfwf/df wd{b]jL ldl>t hfthfltsf] a;f]af; ePsf] gu/kflnsf xf] . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf s'n #(%@ 3/ kl/jf/df !(*%( dflg; a;f]af; u5{g\ . oxfF a;f]jf;

ug]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ 3/kl/jf/ cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ o; gu/kflnsfdf ;a}eGbf w]/}

3/kl/jf/ hghflt ;d'bfosf] /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . logsf] kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof @)$) /x]sf] 5

h'g %!=^@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o; afx]s afx'g If]qLsf] !^!) kl/jf/ a;f]af; u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . h'g s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] $)=&$ x'g cfpF5 . blnt kl/jf/ #)) 3/ a;f]af;

u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 h'g s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] &=%( k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . o;af6 k|i6 x'G5 ls

hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf kl/jf/;+Vof hghflt ;d'bfodf a9L /x]sf] 5 . afx'g If]qL /

blntsf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf sd k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 k|lt

kl/jf/ hg;+Vof afx'g If]qL / blnt hftLo ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿df a9L /x]sf] a'emg

;lsG5 .

Tfflnsf g+= *

hfltut ;d"x tyf lnË cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof tyf 3/kl/jf/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

l;=g+= hfthflt

3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vof

lnË

hDdf hfthflt k|ltzt k'?if dlxnf

1 afx'g If]qL kxf8 1610 4336 4068 8404.00 42.32

2 hghflt kxf8 2040 5110 4842 9952.00 50.11

3 cGo hfthflt 2 2 2 4.00 0.02

4 blnt kxf8 300 740 759 1499.00 7.55

hDdf 3952 10188 9671 19859.00 100.00



39

lnª\usf] cfwf/df dflysf] tflnsfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf blnt /

cGo afx]s ;a} hftLo ;d'bfodf dlxnf eGbf k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof w]/} /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5

eg] blntdf k'?ifeGbf dlxnf a9L / cGo hftLo ;d'bfodf k'?if / dlxnfsf] ;=Vof

a/fa/L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

Dfft[efiff cg';f/sf] hg;ª\Vof

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf a;f]af; ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] dft[efiff !% k|sf/sf] /x]sf] 5 . ltgdf

;a}eGbf a9L g]kfnL dft[efifL dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] b]lvG5 . logLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof

!@@)( hgf /x]sf] 5 h'g s'n hg;+Vof !(*%( hgfsf] ^!=$* k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

o;kl5 ofVvf efiff af]Ng] dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof /x]sf] 5 . ofVvf efiff af]Ng]x¿ %%(*

hgf /x]sf 5g\ . logLx¿ s'n hg;+Vofsf] !&=!! k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . t];|f] 7"nf]

efiffefifL tfdfª /x]sf 5g\ . tfdfª efiff af]Ng]x¿ !@$& hgf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . rf}yf]

7"nf] ;+Vof du/efifLsf] /x]sf] 5 . hDdf !!!% hgf du/ efifL /x]sf 5g\, of] s'n

hg;+Vofsf] %=^! k|ltzt xf] . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] dft[efiffsf cfwf/df

hg;ª\Vofsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g++= ( ln+u tyf dft[efiff cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof .

l;=g+= dft[efiffsf] gfd ln+u

hDdf k|ltzt k'?if dlxnf 1 g]kfnL 6251 5958 12209 61.48

2 ofSvf 1753 1645 3398 17.11

3 tfdf+u 637 610 1247 6.28

4 du/ 586 529 1115 5.61

5 /fO{ 279 291 570 2.87

6 u'?+u 269 246 515 2.59

7 z]kf{ 18 5 186 371 1.87

8 g]jf/ 78 69 147 0.74

9 lnDj' 74 68 142 0.72

10 e'h]n 20 20 40 0.20


40

11 ;'g'jf/ 15 14 29 0.15

12 af]6] 7 5 12 0.06

13 afGtjf 5 5 10 0.05

14 lhdL 4 5 9 0.05

15 cGo efiff 25 20 45 0.23

hDdf 10188 9671 19859 100.00


dflysf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] Ps k|ltzt eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] cGo efiffefifLx¿df

dfly JofVof ul/Psf efiffefifL afx]s /fO{,u'?ª / z]kf{ efifL 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof s'n

;+Vofsf] qmdzM @=*&, @=%( / !=*& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . Ps k|ltzteGbf sd hg;+Vof

ePsf efiffefifLx¿df qmdzM g]jf/, lnDa', e'h]n, ;'g'jf/, af]6], afGtjf, lhdL / cGo

/x]sf 5g\ .

wd{ cg';f/sf] hg;ª\Vof

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf k|d'v ¿kdf rf/j6f wd{sf cg'ofoLsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOG5 .

o; gu/kflnsfdf k|d'v wd{sf ?kdf lxGb" /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; gu/kflnsfdf

lxGb"dfuL{sf] ;ª\Vof !$*(& /x]sf] 5, h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] &%=)! k|ltzt xf] . lxGb"

wdf{jnDaLx¿ wd{b]jL{sf] ;a} j8fx¿df 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . j8f gDa/ (, *,^, # / $df

lxGb' wdf{jnDaLx¿ a9L ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ . To;kl5 bf];|f] qmddf af}4 wd{sf

cg'ofoLx¿ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pgLx¿ klg ;a} j8fdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . af}4

wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] ;+Vof #&(^ hgf cyf{t !(=!! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . vf; u/]/ !,# / %

gDa/ j8fdf af}4 wd{ dfGg]x¿sf] ;+Vof a9L 5 .

t];|f] qmddf ls/ft wd{ dfGg]x¿sf] ;+Vof 5 . ls/ft wd{fjnDaLx¿sf] ;+Vof ($@ /x]sf]

5 . of] s'n hg;+Vofsf] $=&$ k|ltzt xf] . ls/ft wd{ dfGg]x¿ j8f gDa/ !,@,# / $

df cln 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ . j8f gDa/ ^ / * gDa/df ls/ft wd{ dfgg]x¿sf]

;+Vof z"Go /x]sf] 5 eg] afFsL j8fdf cToGt Go"g /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

oxfF O;fO wd{ dfGg] dflg;x¿ rf}yf] qmddf /x]sf] kfOG5 . O;fO wd{ dfGg]x¿ @@$

hgf /x]sf 5g\ . h'g s'n hg;=Vofsf] !=!# k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . O;fO wd{ dfGg]x¿ ^

gDa/ j8fdf afx]s cGo ;a} j8fdf w]/yf]/ ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .


41

o; gu/kflnsfsf] wd{cg';f/sf] hg;ª\VofnfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g++= !)

wd{ tyf j8f g++= cg';f/ gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

wd{

hDdf lxGb' Aff}4 O;fO{ ls/f+t

1 1202 1176 74 268 2720

2 1513 79 18 206 1816

3 1860 1104 26 101 3091

4 1695 103 21 322 2141

5 1201 1112 22 1 2336

6 1866 94 0 0 1960

7 1591 7 33 42 1673

8 1951 76 13 0 2040

9 2018 45 17 2 2082

hDdf 14897 3796 224 942 19859

hDdf

k|ltzt 75.01 19.11 1.13 4.74 100.00


oxL cj:yfnfO{ tnsf] :tDelrqdf x]/]/ cem k|i6 x'g ;lsG5 .


42

;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf s'g} klg :yfgdf slt dflg;x¿ ;fIf/ 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] cWoogn] Psflt/ ToxfFsf dflg;x¿sf] lzIffdf ?lr sltsf] 5 eGg] cj:yf yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 eg] csf]{lt/ lzIff;Fu hfl8P/ s] s:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 egL of]hgf agfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . To;}n] oxfF wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !!

lnË cg';f/ gu/kflnsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltztsf] ljj/0f .

l;+ g+= z}lIfs cj:yf

lnË

k|ltzt k'?if Ü dlxnf Ü

! ;fIf/ k|lt;t 73.25 60.53 67.05 ;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% .


43

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ^&=)% k|ltzt hgtf ;fIf/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;fIf/dWo] k'?if

a9L 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt &#=@% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] dlxnf ;fIf/tf

k|ltzt ^)=%# /x]sf] 5 . cyf{t oxfFsf s'n k'?if !)!** dWo] &$^# hgf ;fIf/ 5g\

eg] afFsL lg/If/ . To;}u/L (^&! dlxnfdWo] %*%$ hgf ;fIf/ 5g\ . o;sf] dtnj

cem} o; gu/kflnsfdf @&@% k'?if / #*!& dlxnf u/L ^%$@ hgf dflg; -#@=(%

k|ltzt_ hgtf lg/If/ 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfdf lg/If/ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof lg/If/ k'?ifsf]

t'ngfdf clws /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

pd]/ ;d"x tyf lnË cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf

;fIf/tfsf] cj:yfnfO{ pd]/ut cfwf/df cWoog ubf{ o;n] clxn]sf] cj:yfemNsfpg'sf

;fy} eljiosf] of]hgfnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug]{ lsl;dsf] af:t;jstf phfu/ x'g;S5 . tnsf]

tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ljleGg rf/ pd]/ ;d"xsf] cfwf/df ;fIf/ tyf lg/If0f

dlxnf / k'?ifsf] cj:yf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . h'g tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 .

tflnsf g+= !@ pd]/ ;d"x tyf lnË cg';f/ lg/If/ / ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= pd]/ ;d"x

k'?if dlxnf

lg/If/ ;fIf/

;fIf/

k|ltzt lg/If/ ;fIf/

;fIf/

k|ltzt

1 5-15 1191 1000 45.64 1103 995 47.43

2 16-45 460 4655 91.01 750 3968 84.10

3 46-60 407 874 68.23 880 408 31.68

4 61 eGbf dfly 479 417 46.54 824 83 9.15

hDdf 2537 6946 73.25 3557 5454 60.53


dflysf] tflnsfdf kfFr jif{b]lv dflysf] pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x¿nfO{ rf/ ;d"xdf

ljefhg u/]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pd]/ut cfwf/df !% jif{d'lgsf $%=^$ k|ltzt afns

/ $&=$# k|ltzt aflnsf ;fIf/ 5g\ . of] pd]/ ;d"x eg]sf] k9\gsf nflu ljBfno

hfg'kg]{ pd]/ ;d"x xf] . o;af6 ljBfno egf{ sfo{qmd / ljBfnosf] cfsif{0f k|efjsf/L

x'g g;]sf]sf] xf] b]lvG5 . ;a}eGbf a9L :ffIf/ b]lvPsf] pd]/ ;d"x !^ b]lv $% jif{sf] xf]


44

. o; ;d"xsf] (!=)! k|ltzt k'?if / *$=!) k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ ;fIf/ 5g\ . cem} klg

sfd ug]{ pd]/sf dflg;x¿ lg/If/ x/]sf] kfOG5 .

pd]/sf] cfwf/df $^ b]lv ^) jif{ ;d"x / ^! jif{eGbf a9L pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;x¿df

k'?ifx¿ qmdzM ^*=@# / $^=%$ k|ltzt ;fIf/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] dlxnfx¿ qmdzM #!=^*

/ (=!% k|ltzt ;fIf/ 5g\ . o;af6 k|f}9 pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;nfO: nlIft u/]/

cgf}krfl/s sIffx¿ cem} cfjZos /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf nflu

cgf}krfl/s sIff rnfpFbf dlxnf ;xelutf a9L u/fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 .

j8fut cfwf/df ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf

;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf j8fut cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ s'g j8fsf] cj:yf s] /x]sf] egL

hfgsf/L x'g] / csf]{ j8fsf] cj:yf;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf /xG5 . o;af6

:yfgLo :t/df of]hgf agfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . tnsf] nflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] (

j6f j8fsf] cnu cnu ljj/0f n}lª\us cfwf/df 5'6\ofP/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !#

j8f g+= cg';f/ ;fIf/tf b/sf] ljj/0f .

j*f

g++

k'?if ;fIf/tf dlxnf ;fIf/tf hDdf

;fIf/tf

k|ltzt lg/If/ ;fIf/ hDdf

;fIf/

k|ltzt lg/If/ ;fIf/ hDdf

;fIf/

k|ltzt

1 329 978 1307 74.83 466 721 1187 60.74 68.12

2 438 457 895 51.06 451 363 814 44.59 47.98

3 314 1156 1470 78.64 486 934 1420 65.77 72.32

4 255 739 994 74.35 387 605 992 60.99 67.67

5 335 784 1119 70.06 476 613 1089 56.29 63.27

6 184 721 905 79.67 299 596 895 66.59 73.17

7 177 626 803 77.96 267 493 760 64.87 71.59

8 258 745 1003 74.28 369 531 900 59.00 67.05

9 247 740 987 74.97 356 598 954 62.68 68.93

hDDff 2537 6946 9483 73.25 3557 5454 9011 60.53 67.05



45

dflysf] tflnsf cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] cj:yf j8f gDa/ ^df /x]sf]

5 . oxfFsf] ;fIf/tfsf] k|ltzt &#=!& k|ltzt 5 . To:t} bf];|f] / t];|f] /fd|f] cj:yf

qmdzM j8f gDa/ # / & sf] /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿sf] :ffIf/tf k|ltzt qmdzM &@=#@ /

&!=%( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

gf} j8fx¿ dWo] ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ cj:yf j8f gDa/ @ sf] /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] ;fIf/tfsf]

k|ltzt %) eGbf klg tn cyf{t $&=(* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . afFsL kfFr j6f j8fx¿

;a}sf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt ^# eGbf dfly 5 .

hfthflt cg';f/ lg/If/ / ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf

;fIf/tfsf] cj:yfnfO{ hftLotfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ hftLo ;d'bfosf] cu|tfsf]

cj:yf klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 To; ;d'bfosf] lzIffdf nufj s] s:tf] /x]sf] 5

eGg] s'/f hfGg ;lsG5 . oxfF hftLo cfwf/df ;fIf/tfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{] k|of; ul/Psf]

5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf kfFr jif{eGbf dflysf] s'n hhg;+Vof / ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf

emNsfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !$

hfthflt cg';f/ lg/If/ / ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= hfthflt lg/If/ ;fIf/

s'n

hg;+Vof

;fIf/tf

k|ltzt

1 a|fxD0f If]qL kxf8 2234 5611 7845 71.52

2 hghflt kxf8 3312 5956 9268 64.26

3 cGo hfthflt 0 4 4 100.00

4 blnt kxf8 548 829 1377 60.20

hDdf 6094 12400 18494 67.05


dflysf] tflnsf cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] cj:yf cGo hfltsf] /x]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . o; hftLo ;d'bfodf ;fIf/tfsf] k|ltzt !)) k|ltzt 5 . oxfF rf/ hgf

cGo ;'dbfosf] /x]sf]df ;a} ;fIf/ 5g\ . To:t} bf];|f] / t];|f] cj:yf qmdzM afx'g If]qL

/ / hghfltsf] /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿sf] :ffIf/tf k|ltzt qmdzM &!=%@ / ^$=@^ k|ltzt


46

/x]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ cj:yf blnt ;d'bfosf] 5 . of] ;d'bfosf ^)=@) k|ltzt

hgtf dfq ;fIf/ 5g\ .

lnË cg';f/ hg;+Vofn] pQL0f{ u/]sf] z}lIfs tx

s'g} 7fpFsf] ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGo ljZn]if0fn] dfq To; 7fpFsf dflg;sf] lzIffsf]

;xL cj:yf emNsfpg ;lsGg . ToxfFsf dflg;x¿n] s'g s'g tx;Dd lzIff cfh{g u/]

jf s'g s'g tx ptL0f{ u/L /fi6«sf nflu of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] lzlIft hgzlQmsf] ag]sf

5g\ eGg] s'/f ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . To;}n] oxfF ;+v'jf;efsf] wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfsf ;fIf/ dflg;x¿ dWo] sltn] s'g s'g z}lIfs tx ptL0f{ u/]sf 5g\ eGg]

s'/f ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

oxfFsf dflg;x¿sf] z}lIfs :t/nfO{ n}ª\lus cfwf/df kfFr jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf]

hg;ª\Vofsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 n}ª\lus cfwf/df z}lIfs

hgzlQmsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 egL cfFsng ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf aGg]5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !%

lnË cg';f/ hg;+Vofn] pQL0f{ u/]sf] lzIff tx .

l;=g+= pQL0f{ u/]sf] lzIff

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1 k"j{ k|f=lj= 1718 1547 3265

2 cfw/e"t tx 2596 2151 4747

3 dfWolds tx 2334 1765 4099

4 :gfts tx 340 282 622

5 :gftsf]Q/ tx jf dfly 135 80 215

6 k|fljlws P; Pn l; 351 215 566

7 ;fIf/ 1190 961 2151

8 lg/If/ 819 2010 2829

hDdf 9483 9011 18494



47

z}lIfs txsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ o; gu/kflnsfsf ;a}eGbf a9L ;ª\Vof cfwf/e"t txsf]

lzIff lng] dflg;x¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . cfwf/e"t gtx ptL0f{ u/]sfx¿ $&$& hgf /x]sf

5g\ . o;}u/L bf];|f]df dfWolds tx ptL0f{ ug]{sf] ;ª\Vof $)(( /x]sf] 5 . oxfF

;fdfGotof dfWolds tx pt0f{ u/]kl5 k9fO 5f8\g] k|j[lQ Hofbf b]lvG5 . kmn:j¿k

pRr lzIff cWoog ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36\bf] qmddf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h:tf] ls

tflnsfdf dfWolds tx pQL0f{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof $)(( /x]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 eg] :tfgts tx

ptL0f{ ug]{x¿sf] ;ª\Vof ^@@ dfq 5 . cem :gftsf]Q/ ptL0f{ ug]{sf] ;Vof @!% 5 .

k9fOsf] gofF rng klg tflnsfn] atfpF5 . K|ffljlws P;P;;Lsf] klG. k9fO x'g yfn]sf]

5 . t/ of] ljifo k9\g]x¿sf] ;+Vof %^^ /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 wd{b]jLsf gful/sx¿df

k|fljlws lzIfftkm{ csfif{0f a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

n}lª\us cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a} txsf] lzIffdf k'?if cufl8 5g\ . cyf{t lzIffsf] cj;/ dlxnfx¿sf] t'ngfdf k'?ifx¿n] a9L kfP . ToxL eP/ lg/If/x¿df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf lgSs} pRr 5 . kl/0ffd :j¿k lg/If/ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof @)!) hgf x'Fbf lg/If+/ k'?ifsf] ;+Vof *!( hgf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

a;f]af;sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f

a:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug{sf nflu ul/Psf] tYofª\s ;+sng jf ;j]{If0fsf] If]q 3/ xf] . 3/df uP/ ;s];Dd d'Vo dflg; e]6]/ cflwsfl/s tYofª\s lnOPsf] xf] . t/, clxn]sf] dfgj hLjg lgSs} ultzLn eO;s]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ cfo cfh{gsf] nflu 3/ 5f8]/ cGoq hfg] rng Jofks 5 . cfocfh{gsf nflu :j]z dfq xf]Og ljb]zdf

hfg] qmd a9\bf] 5 .

tnsf] tflnsfdf 3/df /x]sf] hg;+Vof, :jb]zd} t/ 3/ aflx/ /x]sf] tyf cfo cfh{gsf]

nflu ljb]z uPsf] hg;+Vofsf] cj:yf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .


48

tflnsf g+= !^ j8f tyf a;f]jf;sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

j8f

g+=

u0fgf If]q -3/df_ cGo :yfg ljb]z

hDdf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf k'?if dlxnf

1 1052 1135 154 144 220 15 2721

2 811 837 17 15 120 16 1818

3 1389 1471 17 27 172 15 3094

4 928 997 68 62 77 9 2145

5 987 1062 93 69 115 10 2341

6 844 932 60 40 78 6 1966

7 740 803 0 2 126 2 1680

8 696 801 197 160 172 14 2048

9 818 948 76 63 161 16 2091

hDdf 8265 8986 682 582 1241 103 19859


dflysf tflnsfdf u0fgf If]q jf 3/df e]l6Psf dflg;sf] ;++Vof !&,@%! /x]sf] 5 .

logLx¿df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof *(*^ cyf{t 3/ a:g] hg;+Vofsf] %@ k|ltzt dlxnf /x]sf

5g\ eg] $* k|ltzt k'?if /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L 3/ aflx/ t/ :jb]zdf cfocfh{g

ul//x]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof !@^$ /x]sf] 5, s'n hg;+Vofsf] ^=#^ k|ltzt . o;df ^*@

hgf k'?if 5g\, h'g :jb]zdf cfocfh{g ug]{ ;+Vofsf] %#=(% k|ltzt xf] . To;}u/L

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qaf6 ljb]zdf uO{ cfocfh{g ul//x]sf hgzlQmsf] ;+Vof !#$$

/x]sf] 5, h'g s'n hg;+Vofsf] ^=&& k|ltzt xf] . ljb]z uP/ cfocfh{g ug]{x¿df k'?if

dlxnfsf] ;+Vof gu0o 5 . h:tf] ls dlxnfsf] ;+Vof &=^^ k|ltzt / k'?ifsf] ;+Vof

(@=#$ k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

n}lª\us cfwf/df ljzn]if0f ubf{ 3/ a:g]df a9L dlxnf b]lvPsf 5g\ . o;/sf] sfddf

dlxnfx¿ a9L ;lqmo x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . :jb]zd} t/ gu/ If]qeGbf aflx/ uP/ sfd

ug]{x¿df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof $^=)% k|ltzt 5, clxn]sf] ;fdflhs kl/j]z cg';f/ Tof] /fd|f]

5 . To;}u/L j}b]lz /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf eg] k'?ifx¿sf] ;+Vof cTolws 5 . ;fob ljb]zdf

hfg] dlxnfx¿ ljleGg vfn] hf]lvddf k/]sf] va/ cfpg] u/]sfn] dlxnfx¿ g} ljb]z


49

hfg cgOR5's b]lvPsf] x'g;S5 jf 3/sf] sfddf dlxnfnfO{ 5f8]/ k'?ifx¿ cu|;/ eO{

uPsf] klg x'g;S5 .

hfthflt / a;f]jf;sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof

hfthflt clxn]sf] ;dodf ;+j]bgzLn ljifo xf] . hftLo klxrfg / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf]

cfjfh pl7/x]sf] a]nf oxfFsf] hg;+Vofsf] ultzLntfnfO{ hfltut cfwf/ ljZn]zg ug]{

k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]j gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+VofnfO{ hfltut

cfwf/df 5'6\ofO{ 3/, sfddf 3/aflx/ / sfdsf nflu ljb]z uPsf] cj:yf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !&

hfthflt tyf a;f]jf;sf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= hfthflt

a;f]jf;sf] l:ytL

hDdf 3/df cGo :yfg ljb]z

1 afx'g If]qL kxf8 7303 649 452 8404

2 hghflt kxf8 8595 568 789 9952

3 cGo hfthflt 4 0 0 4

4 blnt kxf8 1349 47 103 1499

hDdf 17251 1264 1344 19859


dflysf tflnsfdf 3/w|"/L ;j]{If0fsf] ;dodf 3/df /x]sf] atfpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;++Vof

!&,@%! hgf /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿dWo] hghflt ;a}eGbf a9L *%(% hgf 5g\ eg] afx'g

If]qL bf];|f]df kb{5g\ . 3/df a;]sf] atfpg] afx'g If]qLx¿ &#)# hgf /x]sf] 5g\ . blnt

!#$( / cGo $ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L 3/ aflx/ t/ :jb]zdf cfocfh{g ul//x]sf

dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vofdf ;a}eGbf a9L afx'g If]qL 5g\ eg] ljb]z hfg]df hghflt a9L 5g\ .


50

b'j} cj:yfdf blnt t];|f] >]0ffLdf /x]sf] 5 . cGo hfltsf rf/hgf oxL a:5g\, oxL

sdfpF5g\ . g ljb]z hfG5g\ g :jb]zsf] csf]{ 7fpF hfG5g\, sxL hfFb}gg\ .

hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs cj:yf

ljjfx JolQmsf] hLjgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 36gf xf] . ljjfxn] JolQmsf] kfl/jfl/s /

;fdflhs cj:yfdf klg leGgtf NofOlbG5 . ljjfx;Fu hf]l8Psf 36\gfx¿ w]/} x'G5g\ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ax'ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b, ljb'/ ljjfx k'gM ljjfxh:tf 36\gfx¿

s] slt dfqfdf ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !*

!) jf !) jif{eGbf dflysf hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs cj:yf .

l;=g+= j}jflxs cj:yf

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1 ljjflxt 4991 5155 10146

2 ax'ljjfx 163 56 219

3 k'gljjfx 57 11 68

4 ljb'/ ÷ljw'jf ljjfx 140 400 540

5 ;DjGw ljR5]b 33 8 41

6 5'§f5'§} j;]sf] 24 56 80


dflysf tflnsfdf ;j]{If0fsf] ;dodf ljjfx ePsf] atfpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;++Vof !),!$^

hgf /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿dWo] dlxnf a9L -%!%% hgf_ 5g\ . wd{b]jLdf @!( hgfn]

ax'ljjfx u/]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] k'?if !^# hgf / dlxnf %^ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . ljb'/

÷ljw'jf ljjfx lgSs} x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oxfF %$) hgfn] ljb'/ ÷ljw'jfn] ljjfx

u/]sf 5g\ . ljb'/x¿ !$) hgf / $)) ljwjfsf] ljjfx ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . k'gM ljjfx

ug]{ rng klg lgSs} 5 . oxfFsf %& hgf k'?if / !! hgf dlxnfn] k'gM ljjfx u/]sf 5g\


51

eg] ## k'?if / * dlxnf u/L $! hgfn] ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf *) hgf

>Ldfg / >LdtL cnlUuP/ a;]sf] 3/w"/L ;j]{If0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

k]zf÷Joj;fo ;DaGwL ljj/0f

k]zf jf Joj;fosf] dflg;sf] hLjLsf]kfh{g / cfocfh{gsf] d'Vo cfwf/ xf] . oxfF

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf dflg;x¿ s'g s'g k]zf / Joj:fo ub{5g\ eGg] s;/f tnsf]

tflnsf pNn]v 5 . g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] !$ jif{eGbf tnsf] dflg;nfO{ sfddf nufpg

lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . ToxL eP/ x'gt !% jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+VofnfO{ dfq ;lqmo hg;+Vof

eGg] ul/G5 . t/ !) jif{ pd]/sf afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] jf 3/fo;L sfd ul//x]sf] kfpF5f}+

. ToxL cfwf/df !) jif{b]lv dflysf dflg;x¿n] ug]{ sfdnfO{ k]zfsf ?kdf tnsf]

tflnsfdf /fvL ;f]xL cg';f/ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !(

!) jf !) jif{ eGbfdflysf hg;+Vofsf] k]zf÷Joj;fo ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

l;=g+= k]zf÷Joj;fo

lnË

hDdf k|ltzt k'?if dlxnf

1 s[lif tyf kz'kfng 3778 3871 7649 45.38

2 gf]s/L 490 198 688 4.08

3 Jofkf/ tyf pBf]u 196 110 306 1.82

4 hgdhb'/L 379 84 463 2.75

5 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ 1230 83 1313 7.79

6 Joj;fos ;~rfng 39 8 47 0.28

7 ljBfyL{ 2006 1985 3991 23.68

8 u[x0fL 54 1638 1692 10.04

9 a]/f]huf/L 241 86 327 1.94

10 cGo 230 151 381 2.26

hDdf 8643 8214 16857 100.00



52

dflysf tflnsfdf ;j]{If0fsf] ;dodf s]xL g s]xL sfd u/]sf] jf ug{ rfx]sf] atfpg]

dflg;x¿sf] ;++Vof !^,*%& hgf /x]sf] 5 . logLx¿ ;a} bz jif{ / ;f]eGbf a9L pd]/

;d"xsf x'g\ . oLdWo] $%=#* k|ltztn] s[lif tyf kz'kfng u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . gf]s/L

ul//x]sf] atfpg] ^** hgf -$=)* k|ltzt_ dWo] $() hgf k'?if 5g\ . o; pd]/

;d"xsf dWo] @#=^* k|ltzt -#((! hgf_ ljBfyL{ 5g\ . hf] cWoog sfo{df ;+nUg 5g\,

cfocfh{g ub}{gg\ . To;}u/L !)=)$ k|ltzt -!^(@hgf_ dflg;n] u[lx0fL k]zf atfPsf

5g\ . oL dWo] %$ hgf k'?if 5g\ eg] afFsL !^#* hgf dlxnf 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfaf6

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf &=&( k|ltzt -!#!# hgf_ uPsf 5g\ .

tL dWo] *# hgf dlxnf 5g\ eg] afFsL k'?if /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L s[lif kz'kfng /

u[lx0fLdf dlxnf a9L 5g\ eg] c¿ ;a}df k'?ifsf] ;+Vof a9L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

/f]huf/Lsf] b[li6n] 5nkmn ul//xFbf o; wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #@& hgf -!=($ k|ltzt_

dflg; a]/f]huf/ /x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] *^ hgf -@^=#)k|ltzt_ dlxnf 5g\ eg] afFsL -

&#=& k|ltzt a]/f]huf/_ k'?if /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

hftLotfsf] cfwf/df k]zfsf] juL{s/0f

k/Dk/fut ¿kdf g]kfndf k]znfO{ hfltut cfwf/df JofVof ug]{ rng lyof] . clxn] Tof]

cj:yf 5}g . ;a} hfltsf dflg;n] ;a} lsl;dsf] k]zf ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf klg ;a} lsl;dsf] sfddf ;a} hfltsf dflg; ;+nUg ePsf]kfOPsf] 5 .

tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf bz jif{eGbf a9L pd]/sf dflg;x¿sf] k]zfut

ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @) hftLotf tyf k]zfsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= k]zf÷Joj;fo

hftLotf

hDdf k|ltzt afx'gIf]qL kxf8

hfthflt kxf8

cGo hfthflt

blnt kxf8

1 s[lif tyf kz'kfng 3369 3758 0 522 7649 45.38

2 gf]s/L 379 269 0 40 688 4.08

3 Jofkf/ tyf pBf]u 179 107 2 18 306 1.82

4 hgdHb'/ 102 256 0 105 463 2.75

5 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ 437 774 0 102 1313 7.79


53

6 Jofj;flos sfo{ 20 25 0 2 47 0.28

7 ljBfyL{ 1765 1950 1 275 3991 23.68

8 u[lx0fL 618 930 1 143 1692 10.04

9 a]/f]huf/L 118 184 0 25 327 1.94

10 cGo 162 198 0 21 381 2.26

hDdf 7149 8451 4 1253 16857 100.00


dflysf tflnsfdf ;j]{If0fsf] ;dodf ljleGg k]zf u5{' egL atfpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;++Vof

!^,*%& hgf /x]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kfng, gf]s/L, Jofkf/ pBf]u, hgdhb"/L, j}b]lzs

/f]huf/ h:tf k]zfx¿dWo] s[lif tyf kz'kfng, hgdhb"/L, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, Jofj;flos

sfo{ h:tf k]zfx¿df hghflt ;d'bfosf] a9L ;xeflutf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] gf]s/L,

Jofkf/ pBf]u, Jofj;flos sfo{df afx'g If]qL hfltsf] ;xeflutf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 .

pTkfbgd"ns sfddf gx'g]] ljBfyL{, u[lx0fL / a]/f]huf/x¿df klg hghflt ;d'bfosf] g}

a9L ;xeflutf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . t];|f] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] blnt ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;a}

k]zfdf t];|f] cj:yfdf g} /x]sf] 5 . cGo ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ rf/hgf dWo] b'O{

hgf ljBfyL{ /x]sf 5g\ eg] b'O{ hgf pBf]u Jofkf/df /d]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s czSttfsf] cj:yf

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s czQm dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof #^% hgf /x]sf]

5 . To;dWo] @)^ hgf k'?if / !%( dlxnf 5g\ . ckfª\utfsf] ljljwtfsf cfwf/df

To:sf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .


54

tflnsf g+= @! gu/kflnsf cg';f/ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s czSttfsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s cj:yf k'?if dlxnf hDdf

1 z/Ll/s 121 91 212

2 jf}l4s ckfË 7 11 18

3 b[li6ljxLg 20 12 32

4 af]Ng tyf ;'Gg g;Sg] 35 27 62

5 :j/ ;DjGwL 12 4 16

6 ;'gfO tyf b[li6 6 7 13

7 cGo 5 7 12

hDdf 206 159 365


ckfª\uttf ePsfdWo] @!@ hgf zf/Ll/s ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ /x]sf] dflysf] tflnsfdf pNn]v 5 . zf/Ll/s ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ dWo] k'?if !@! hgf 5g\ eg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof (! hgf /x]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] 7"nf] ;+Vof af]Ng tyf ;'Gg g;Sg]x¿sf] /x]sf] 5 . s'n ^@ hgf o; lsl;dsf] ckfª\utf ePsfx¿dWo] #% hgf k'?if / @& hgf dlxnf 5g\ . To;}u/L b[li6ljxLgx¿ t];|f] 7"nf] ;+Vof cyf{t #@ hgf /x]sf] 5 . o;dWo] @) hgf k'?if / !@ hgf dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . af}l4s ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ !* hgf, :j/ ;DaGwL ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ !^ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . To;kl5 ;'gfO / b[li6;DaGwL ckfª\utf ePsf !# / cGo lsl;dsf] ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ !@ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ tnsf] j[Qlrqdf klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . t/ o;df ;a} lsl;dsf] ckfª\utfnfO{ k|ltztdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .


55

.

dflysf] j[Q lrqdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ s'n ckfª\utf ePsfdWo] %* k|ltzt zf/Ll/s

ckfª\utf ePsfx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 eg] af}l4s ckfª\utf ePsfx¿sf] ;+Vof % k|ltzt /x]sf]

5 . To;}u/L b[li6ljxLgsf] ;+Vof ( k|ltzt, af]Ng / ;'Gg g;Sg]sf] ;+Vof !& k|ltzt /

:j/ ;DaGwL ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ $ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . To;kl5 ;'gfO / b[li6 ;DaGwL

ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ $ k|ltzt / cGo lsl;dsf ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ # k|ltzt /x]sf]

dflysf] j[Qlrqn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

:jf:Yo ;DjGwL cj:yf

hg:jf:Yosf] cj:yf klg cWoogsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf

afl;Gbfsf] hg:jf;Yosf] cj:yfnfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .


56

tflnsf g+= @@ gu/kflnsfdf ePsf hg;+Vofsf] :jf:Yo ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

l;=g+= ljj/0f

lnË

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1 :jf:Yo 9587 9069 18656

2 ;fdfGo /f]uL 459 466 925

3 bL3{ /f]uL 142 136 278

hDdf 10188 9671 19859


hg:jf:Yosf] cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf !(*%( hg;+VofdWo]

!*^%^ hgf :j:y /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s'g} g s'g} lj/fdL ePsf !@)# hgf /x]sf 5g\ .

oL dWo] (@% hgf ;fdfGo /f]uL / @&* hgf bL3{ /f]uL /x]sf 5g\ . n}lª\us cfwf/df

ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;fdfgo /f]uLdf k'?ifeGbf dlxnf a9L 5g\ eg] bL3{ /f]uLdf dlxnf eGbf

k'?ifsf] ;+Vof a9L 5 . :j:y gful/sx¿df k'?ifsf] ;+Vof dlxnfsf] eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 .

d[To' ePsf] hg;+Vof

jif{el/df d[To' ePsf hg;+Vofsf] cWo og ubf{ *^ hgfn] d[To'j/0f u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

o;/L d[To'' j/0f ug]{x¿df k'?if %! hgf / dlxnf #% hgf /x]sf 5g\ . oxL ;+VofnfO{

j8fut cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .


57

tflnsf g+= @# j8f cg';f/ d[To' ePsf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

d[To'sf] ljj/0f

hDdf k'?if dlxnf

1 2 2 4 2 5 0 5 3 5 4 9 4 9 7 16 5 4 6 10 6 10 3 13 7 6 5 11 8 3 6 9 9 7 2 9

hDdf 51 35 86 ;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% .

dflysf] tflnsfdf b]vfOP cg';f/ j8fgDa/ $ sf !^ hgf dflg; d/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof]

. To;kl5 j8f gDa/ ^, & / % df qmdzM !#,!! / !) hgfn] d[To'j/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 .

;a}eGbf sd dflg;sf] d[To' j8f gDa/ ! / @ df qmdzM $ / % hgfsf] ePsf] kfOPsf]

5 . afsL tLg j6f j8fsf dflg;x¿ dWo] k|To]s j8fsf (÷( hgfn] d[To'j/0f u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 .

pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ d[To'sf] ljj/0f

hGd]kl5 d[To' cjZo+efjL eP klg s'g pd]/sf dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf]5 eGg] s'/fn] To;

7fpFsf] ljsf; / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf sltsf] dha'b /x]sf] 5 eGg] :ki6 x'G5 .

tnsf] tflnsfdf ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;sf] d[To'sf] cj:yfnfO{ bzf{Psf] 5 .


58

tflnsf g+= @$ pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ d[To'sf] ljj/0f .

pd]/ ;d'x d[To'sf] ljj/0f

hDdf k'?if dlxnf 15 jif{ eGbf sd 8 3 11

16 b]lv 49 ;Dd 7 10 17

50 jif{ dfly 35 23 58

hDdf 50 36 86


dflysf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 ls wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf d[To' j/0f ug]{x¿sf] 7"nf]

;=vof %) jif{eGbf dflysf] pd]/ ;d"x xf] . uPsf] Ps jif{df o; pd]/ ;d"xsf] %*

hgfsf] d[to' ePsf]df #% hgf k'?if / @# hgf dlxnf /x]sf lyP . To;}u/L !^ b]lv $(

jif{ ;d"xsf dflg;x¿ !& hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . tLdWo] !) hgf dlxnf /x]sf lyP .

To;}u/L ut Ps jif{df dg]{x¿df !% jif{eGbf sd pd]/ ;d"xsf !! hgf /x]sf lyP .

tLdWo] * hgf k'?if / # hgf dlxnf /x]sf lyP .

Jofj;flos tflndsf] ljj/0f

dflg;nfO{ pBd ug{sf nflu k"FhL / ;Lk rflxG5 . oxL b'O{ s'/fn] dflg;nfO{ :j/f]huf/

agfpF5 / c?ssf nflu /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg l;h{gf x'G5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf If]qdf lnOPsf Jofjf;flos tflndsf] zLif{, ;xefuL ;+Vof / n}lª\us

b[li6sf]0faf6 ;xfuLx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{sf] nflu tnsf] tflnsfdf ljj/0fx¿ lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @%

Jofj;flos tflnd tyf ;xefuL hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= tflndsf] ljj/0f

tflnd lnPsf ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+Vof k'?if dlxnf hDdf

1 Onf]D6«f]lgS; 27 13 40

2 l;nfO j'gfO tyf ;[+uf/ 19 110 129

3 lgdf{0f 38 5 43

4 Ol~hlgol/+u 7 1 8

5 s[lif;DjGwL 18 16 34

6 hg:jf:Yo ;DjGwL 2 6 8


59

7 kz':jf:Yo ;DjGwL 5 2 7

8 ko{6g ;DjGwL 1 0 1

9 snf ;DjGwL 1 1 2

10 cGo 6 9 15


dflysf] tflnsfdf ;Lk tyf Jofj;flos tflndnfO{ !) zLif{sdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .

;a}eGbf a9L ;xefuL l;nfO a'gfO tflnddf b]lvPsf] 5 . To; tflnddf !@( ;xefuL

5g\ . o;df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof !!) hgf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L bf];|f] lgdf{0f / t];|f]

On]S6«f]lgS; ;DaGwL tflnddf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . oL b'j}df dlxnfsf] eGbf k'?ifsf]

;+Vof a9L 5 . rf]yf]df s[lif ;DaGwL tflnddf ;xefuLx¿ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;df #$

hgf tflnddf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . ltgLx¿dWo] k'?if !* hgf / dlxnf !^ hgf /x]sf

lyP .


60

v08 rf/

3/fo;L tyf kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f

lkpg] kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t

dflg;nfO{ Kof; d]6\gsf nflu kfgL lkpg' cfjZos x'G5 . of] dflg;sf] cfwf/e"t

cfjZostf / df}lns clwsf/leq kb{5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] z'4 lkpg]kfgL

gful/ssf] df}lns xs cGt/ut kb{5 . lkpg]kfgLsf] kof{Kttf, z'4tf / dfgj

:jf:YoaLr k|ToIf ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] wd{b]jLsf gful/sn] lkpg] kfgLsf] cj:yf

s:tf] 5 eGg] ljZn]if0f x'g cfjZos 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfaf;L s:tf] ;|f]tsf] kfgL

lkO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfpgsf nflu tnsf] tflnsf x]g{'kb{5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !

j8f g+= cg';f/ lkpg] kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof .

j8f

g+=

lkpg] kfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t hDdf

wf/f ;fj{hlgs wf/f d"nsf] kfgL cGo

1 296 158 61 45 560

2 364 4 12 3 383

3 166 227 243 4 640

4 287 50 30 26 393

5 116 315 12 8 451

6 160 237 2 3 402

7 268 2 39 15 324

8 211 61 15 96 383

9 295 88 33 0 416

hDdf 2163 1142 447 200 3952



61

dflysf] tflnsfn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 ls lkpg] kfgLsf nflu wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf ;a}

j8fdf lghL wf/f, ;fj{hlgs wf/f, d"nsf] kfgL / cGo Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf s'n #(%@ 3/w"/L /x]sf]df @!^# 3/kl/jf/n] wf/fsf] kfgL lkpg] ub{5 .

of] s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] %$=&# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;fj{hlgs wf/fdf kfgL ln

hfg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof !!$@ /x]sf] 5 . of] s'n 3/;+Vofsf] @*=( k|ltzt xf] . To;} u/L

d"nsf] kfgL lkpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof $$& /x]sf] 5 eg] cGo ;|f]taf6 kfgL lkpg]x¿ @))

kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . s'n 3/ kl/jf/df of] qmdzM !!=#! / %=)^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs wf/f ;a} j8fx¿df /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . j8f gDa/ @ / &df qmdzM $ / @

j6f ;fj{hlgs wf/fx¿ /x]sf] kfOG5 %) j6feGbf a9L g} ;fj{hlgs wf/fx¿ /x]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L lghL wf/f k|of]u ug]{x¿ w]/} 5g\ . o;af6 wd{b]jLsf afl;Gbf z'4

lkpg]kfgLn] pkef]u ul//x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . ;fj{hlgs wf/f sd ePsf]

7fpFdf lghL wf/f jf d"nsf] kfgL a9L ePsf] cj:yf klg kfOPsf] 5 .

vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] d'Vo ;|f]t

vfgf agfpg bfp/f, dl§t]n, UofF; h:tf OGwgsf] h?/t kb{5 . Tof] OGwg p;n] s'g

;|f]taf6 h'6fpF5 eGg] s'/fn] Psflt/ ToxfFsf dflg;sf] hLjgz}nL k|i6 kfb{5 eg]

csf]{tkm{ OGwgdf lge{/tfsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] 5 eGg] s'/f klg a'emfpF5 . o; cfwf/df

x]bf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf dflg;x¿n] Uof;, dl§t]n, bfp/f / uf]a/Uof; vfgf ksfpg

k|of]u ul/g] d'Vo OGwgsf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 .

tflnsf g+= @

j8f g+= cg';f/ vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] d'Vo ;|f]t / 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof .

j8f

g+=

vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] d'Vo ;|f]t

hDdf bfp/f d§Lt]n Uof; cGo

1 546 10 3 1 560

2 378 1 4 0 383

3 538 1 100 1 640

4 389 0 3 1 393

5 443 3 5 0 451

6 398 1 1 2 402

7 319 0 5 0 324


62

8 379 1 2 1 383

9 413 0 3 0 416

hDdf 3803 17 126 6 3952

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfx¿ dfly pNn]lvt ;a} k|sf/sf OGwgx¿ pkof]u u/L

vfgf agfpg] ub{5g\ . vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] ¿kdf ;a}eGbf a9L bfp/fsf] k|of]u x'g]

ub{5 . oxfFsf] k/Dk/fut OGwgsf] ;|f]t bfp/f g} xf] . h+unn] 3]l/Psf] 7fpF ePsfn] klg

bfp/f kfpg ;:tf] / ;lhnf] 5 . clxn] klg #*)# 3/ kl/jf/n] bfp/f k|of]u u/]/ vfgf

ksfpF5g\ . h'g s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof #(%@ sf] sl/a (^=@# k|ltzt xf] . afFsL ;a} ;|f]t

pkof]ustf{x¿ #=&& k|ltztdf kb{5g\ .

OGwgsf] bf];|f] ;|f]t Uof; xf] . s'n 3/ kl/jf/dWo] !@^ kl/jf/n] Uof; k|of]u u5{g\ . of]

s'n kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] #=!( k|ltzt xf] . t];|f] ;|f]t dl§t]n xf] . dl§t]n k|of]u ug]{

3/kl/jf/ !& dfq 5 . of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] )=$# k|ltzt xf] . dl§t]n k|of]u ug]{

!) 3/ kfOPsf] 5 eg] Uof; k|of]u ug]{ j8f gDa/ # df !)) 3/kl/jf/ kfOPsf] 5 .

cGo j8fdf dl§t]n / Uof; k|of]u ug]{x¿ cToGg Go"g jf guGo ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg OGwgsf] ?kdf bfp/f k|of]u ug]{x¿ ;a} j8fdf k|z:t kfOPsf] 5 .

aQLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] aQLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t ljh'nL /x]sf] 5 . ljh'nLaf6 aQL afNg]x¿sf]

;+Vof #&(^ 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 . lah'nL aQL afNg]x¿ s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] (^=)%

k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . afsL ;a} ;|f]t pkof]u ug]{x¿ #=(% k|ltztdf kb{5g\ . wd{b]jLdf

dl§t]n k|of]u u/L 3/ pHofnf] kfg]{x¿sf] ;+Vof bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf If]qsf s'n !)# 3/ kl/jf/n] nfnl6g jf s'lKkdf dl§t]n xfn]/ 3/fo;L

sfdsf nflu pHofnf]sf] Joj:yf u5{g\ . cem} klg sltko ljjfx h:tf ;fdflhs

sfo{qmddf d]6«f]nDofS; afNg] jf h]g]/]6/ rnfP/ ljh'nL pTkfbg ug]{ rng 5Fb}5 .


63

Tfflnsf g+= # j8f g+=cg';f/ aQLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof .

j8f

g+=

aQL >f]t

hDdf lah'nL d§Lt]n ;f]n/ cGo

1 514 32 3 11 560

2 381 1 0 1 383

3 626 12 1 1 640

4 380 12 0 1 393

5 447 1 0 3 451

6 382 17 3 0 402

7 319 3 1 1 324

8 349 20 10 4 383

9 398 5 1 12 416

hDdf 3796 103 19 34 3952


;f]n/ Kofgn hf]8]/ To;}af6 ljh'nL afNg] qmd a9\bf] 5 . xfn ;f]n/ pHff{ k|of]u ug]{x¿

!( kl/jf/ dfq 5g\ . ;/sf/L cg'bfg kfOg] / dl§t]n jf lah'nLsf] dx;'n a[l4 eO/x]sf]

x'gfnf] klg ;f}o{ phf{ k|of]u ug]{tkm{ dflg;sf] Wofg hfg yfn]sf] 5 . j8fut cfwf/df

x]bf{ klg ;a} j8fdf ljh'nL k|of]ustf{x¿s} afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 . k/Dkf/ut OGwg

dflgPsf] dl§t]n k|of]ustf{x¿ j8f gDa/ ! df #@ kl/jf/, j8f gDa/ * df @) kl/jf/,

j8f gDa/ ^df !& kl/jf/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] j8f gDa/ @ / # df !@÷!@ kl/jf/

/x]sf 5g\ .

zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf

clxn] b]ze/ v'nf lb;fd'Qm cleofg hf]8tf]8n] rln/x]sf] 5 . zf}rfno v'nf lb;fd'Qm

cleofgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;"rs xf] . To;}n] zf}rfo lgdf{0f / k|of]udf ePsf] k|ultn]

v'nf lb;fd'Qm cleofgsf ;fy} gu/kflnsfsf] :jR5tf tyf ;/;kmfO cleofgdf ;d]t

of]ubfg k'Ug] ub{5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] gj} j8fx¿sf] zf}rfno

lgdf{0fsf] cj:yf / k|s[lt lbOPsf] 5 .


64

Tfflnsf g+= $ j8f g+= cg';f/ zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof .

j8f

g+=

zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf

hDdf

km\n; ePsf]

rkL{ ;fwf/0f cGo

zf}rfno

gePsf]

1 466 58 13 23 560 2 377 2 4 0 383 3 550 79 5 6 640 4 221 152 3 17 393 5 345 93 9 4 451 6 259 133 6 4 402 7 292 31 1 0 324 8 373 3 0 7 383 9 233 175 0 8 416

hDdf 3116 726 41 69 3952 ;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s'n #(%@ 3/kl/jf/ dWo] #**! kl/jf/df s'g} g s'g}

k|sf/sf] rkL{ ag]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ca ^( 3/kl/jf/n] dfq rkL{ agfpg afFsL /x]sf]

b]lvG5 . rkL{ agfO k|of]u ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] (*=@ k|ltzt xf] .

o;/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ rkL{ agfpg afFsL kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof !=* k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] kfOG5 .

kxf8L lhNnf eOsg klg of] k|ultn] Toxfsf hgtfdf zf}rfno / ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL

r]tgf:t/ lgSs} dfly /x]sf] bzfPsf] 5 . rkL{ gx'g] 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:on] h+un, vf]nf

jf vfnL 7fpFdf lb;f ug{ afWo 5g\ . rkL{ x'g] 3/kl/jf/sf] cWoog ubf{ kSsL rkL{

#!!^ 3/df 5 eg] ;fwf/0f rkL{ &@^ kl/jf/df 5 . afFsL $! kl/jf/n] vfN8] rkL{ k|of]u

ul//x]sf 5g\ . logLx¿df kSsL rkL{ agfpg]tkm{ k|]l/t ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

j8f ut cfwf/df rkL{ k|of]unfO{ x]bf{ j8f gDa/ @ / & df ztk|ltzt hgftfn] rkL{

k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . j8f gDa/ ! / $ df cem} rkL{ lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ug{'kg]{

b]lvG5 . tyflk ;"rssf] cfwf/df eGg] xf] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf k"0f{ ;/;kmfOtkm{ pGd'v

eO/x]sf]n] 5 . oxfFsf afl;Gbfdf zf}rfno lgdf{0f / k|of]u ug]{ afgL Jojxf/df w]/} g}

kl/jt{g ePsf] / ;/;kmfOsf] b[li6n] cu'jf /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .


65

a'Efm\gsf ;lhnf] xf]; eGg] p2]Zon] oxL ljj/0fnfO{ tnsf] j[Qlrqdf klg x/]snfO{

k|ltztdf kl/0ft u/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

dflysf] j[Qlrqdf km\n; ePsf] rkL{ k|of]ustf{ 3/kl/jf/ &( k|ltzt /x]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;fwf/0f rkL{ k|of]u ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/ !* k|ltzt / vfN8] jf cGo k|sf/sf] rkL{ k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ ! k|ltzt /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . rkL{ k|of]u gug]{ 3/kl/jf/ @ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;+VofTds lx;fan] !=* k|ltzt j[Qlrq agfpg ;xhtfsf nflu @ k|ltzt n]lvPsf] xf] . hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hftLo ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; 5 . ltgLx¿df zf}rfno

lgdf{0f / k|of]usf] cj:yf s] /x]sf] eGg] bzf{pgsf nflu tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf hftLo ;d'bfo / ltgdf /x]sf] zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf bzf{pg

vf]lhPsf] 5 .


66

tflnsf g+= % hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ zf}rfno / 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof .

ljj/0f

zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf

hDdf

km\n; ePsf]

rkL{ ;fwf/0f cGo

zf}rfno

gePsf]

a|fXD0f kxf8 1264 312 15 19 1610

hghflt kxf8 1646 329 22 43 2040

cGo hfthflt 1 1 0 0 2

blnt kxf8 205 84 4 7 300

hDdf 3116 726 41 69 3952


dflysf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf hftLo ;d'bfo afx'g If]qL,

hghflt,blnt / cGo u/L rf/ hftLo ;d'bfodf juL{s/0f u/L ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] hghflt ;d'bfosf] @)$) kl/jf/dWo] !^$^ n] kSsL rkL{

agfO{ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\, #@( kl/jf/n] ;fwf/0f rkL{ / @@ hgfn] cGo rkL{ k|of]u u/]sf

5g\ . k|ltztsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ hghflt kl.jf/df (&=( k|ltz tn]n rkL{ k|of]u

ul///x]sf] kfPsf] 5 . afFsL @=! k|ltztn] rkL{ agfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] 5}g . of] ctoGt}

;fgf] k;+Vof xf] . bf];|f] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] afx'g If]qLx¿ !^!) kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

logLx¿dWo] !@^$ kl/jf/n] kSsL rkL{ agfPsf] 5,#!@ kl/jf/n] ;fwf/0f sRrL rkL[

agfPsf] 5 eg] !% kl/jf/n] vfn8] rkL{ k|of]u ul//x]sf] tYofª\s 5 . o;/L x]bf{ s'n

!^!) 3/kl/jf/dWo] !%(! 3/kl/jf/n] s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] rkL{ k|of]u ul///x]sf 5g\ .

of] s'n kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] (*=*@ k|ltzt xf] .

o; cfwf/df x]bf{ afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf] !=!* k|ltzt kl/jf/df dfq rkL{ g/x]sf] cj:yf

5 . t];|f] hg;+Vof /x]sf] blnt ;d'bfosf] #)) 3/ kl/jf/ /x]sf]df @(# 3/kl/jf/n]

rkL{ agfPsf 5g\ & kl/jf/n] agfPsf] 5}g . o;/L x]bf{ (&=^& k|ltzt blnt ;d'bfosf]

3/ kl/jf/df rkL{ /x]sf] / @=## k|ltzt blntsf] 3/df rkL{ aGg afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

o; cfwf/df x]bf{ blnt ;d'bfo, hghflt ;d'bfo / afx'g If]qL ;d'bfodf rkL{ lgdf{0fsf

nflu cfjZos kxn ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .


67

3/ ePsf] jf gePsf] cj:yf

3/ ePsf / gePsfx¿sf] ljj/0fn] 3/wgLx¿sf] cj:yf hfgsf/L x'G5 . wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf 3/ljxLg kl/jf/x¿ @!! /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . #$$@ hgfsf] Pp6f 3/

/x]sf] 5 eg] @(( kl/jf/sf] gfddf b'O{b'O{ j6f 3/ /x]sf] 5 . s'n 3/ kl/jf/sf]

cfwf/df x]bf{ %=#$ k|ltzt kl/jf/sf] cfkmgf] 3/ gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ tnsf]

tflnsfdf cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 .

tflnsf g+= ^ 3/sf] ;++Vof cg';f/ j8fsf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

3/sf] ;+Vof

hDdf 3/ gePsf] Pp6f ePsf]

b'O{ jf a9L

ePsf]

1 11 504 45 560

2 8 328 47 383

3 45 507 88 640

4 14 367 12 393

5 11 404 36 451

6 16 371 15 402

7 23 292 9 324

8 50 317 16 383

9 33 352 31 416

hDdf 211 3442 299 3952


dflysf] tflnsf k|foM ;a} j8fx¿df h;/L b'O{ b'O{ j6f 3/ ePsf kl/jf/ kfOPsf] 5 eg]

Pp6f klg 3/ gx'g] kl/jf/ klg ;a} j8fx¿df kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 3/ gx'g]x¿ b'O{j6f

3/x'g]x¿sf] 3/df a;]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . 3/ gx'g] kl/jf/x¿ j8f gDa/ *,# /

( df a9L ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] j8f gDa/ @, ! / % df Go"g ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOPsf]

5 . o;af6 3/ gePsf kl/jf/sf] af/]df cWoog u/L ul/aLsf cj:yfsf] sf/0fn]


68

3/ljxLg ePsf] cj:yf xf] eg] gu/kflnsfn] ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L 3/ljxLgsf]

cj:yfaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .

3/sf] :jfldTjsf] cj:yf

cfkmgf] 3/ ePsf] / cfkmgf] 3/ gePsf sf/0f c¿sf] 3/df ef8fdf a:g]x¿sf] ljj/0fn]

3/ / kl/jf/sf] ;DaGwsf] cj:yf hfgsf/L x'G5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf 3/ljxLg

kl/jf/x¿ c?sf] 3/df ef8fdf a;]sf] kfOG5 . s'n 3/ kl/jf/ #(%@ dWo] #&$!

kl/jf/ cfkmgf] 3/df a;]sf] 5 eg] !%* kl/jf/ c?sf] 3/df ef8f lt/]/ a;]sf] kfOPsf]

5 . ef8f glt/L c?sf] 3/df a:g]x¿ %# kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

tflnsf g+= &

3/sf] :jfldTj cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

3/sf] :jfldTj

hDdf cfkm\gf] ef+8fdf cGo

1 549 3 8 560

2 375 8 0 383

3 595 43 2 640

4 379 10 4 393

5 440 11 0 451

6 386 12 4 402

7 301 12 11 324

8 333 27 23 383

9 383 32 1 416

hDdf 3741 158 53 3952


j8fsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ ;a} j8fdf c?sf] 3/df ef8fdf a:g]x¿ /x]sf] kfOG5 . To;df klg

j8f gDa/ #, ( / * df a9L ;+Vofdf 3/ ef8fdf lnP/ kl/jf/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ eg] j8f

gDa/ @, ! / % df Go"g ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ef8f glt/L c?sf] 3/df

a:g]x¿ j8f gDa/ * / & df a9L kfOG5 . of] klg gu/kflnsfn] ljz]if sfo{qmd


69

;~rfng u/L 3/ljxLgsf] cj:yfaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] xf] eg] c?sf] 3/df

a:g'kg]{ afWotf g} ;dfKt x'G5 .

3/sf] 5fgfsf] lsl;d

3/sf] 5fgf]nfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhdf cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] ;"rssf ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . dflg;n]

cfkmgf] 3/sf] 5fgf s:tf] nufPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f klg cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;"rs

x'G5 . s'g} klg 7fpFsf] cfly{s ;DkGgtfsf] cj:yf yfxf kfpg o;sf] ljZn]if0fsf] dxTj

/x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] 3/sf] 5fgfsf] ljZn]if0f j8fut cfwf/df ul/Psf] 5 .

h;n] ubf{ j8fut cfwf/df of]hgf agfpg ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= *

j8f g+= cg';f/ gu/kflnsfdf ePsf] 3/sf] 5fgfsf] k|of]u lsl;d .

j8f g+=

3/sf] 5fgfsf] k|sf/

hDdf km'; jf v/ h:tfkftf cGo÷kSsL

1 73 434 53 560

2 41 335 7 383

3 21 549 70 640

4 178 206 9 393

5 38 400 13 451

6 161 239 2 402

7 208 114 2 324

8 291 78 14 383

9 215 192 9 416

hDdf 1226 2547 179 3952


wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ 3/x¿dWo] @%$& 3/x¿ h:tf kftfn] 5fOPsf 5g\ . of]

;+Vof s'n 3/;+Vofsf] ^$=$% k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . of] cj:yf k|foM ;a} j8fx¿df

b]lvG5 . 5fgfsf] lx;fan] bf];|f] qmddf k/fn jf v/n] 5fPsf 3/x¿ kb{5g\ . logLx¿sf]

;+Vof !@@^ /x]sf] 5 . of] s'n 3/;+Vofsf] #!=@ k|ltzt xf] . o;af6 k|i6 x'G5 ls


70

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #!=@ k|ltzt hgtf k/fn jf v/n] 5fPsf] 3/df a;f]af;

ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] cj:yf k|foM ;a} j8fx¿df b]lvPsf] 5 .

t];|f] qmddf dfq 9nfg ePsf] 5fgfd'lg a:g]x¿ cfpF5g\ . o:tf 3/x¿sf] ;+Vof !&(

/x]sf] 5 . h'g s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] $=%# k|ltzt xf] . 5fgf] 9nfg ePsf 3/x¿ ;fg}

;+Vofdf eP klg ;a} j8fx¿df /x]sf 5g\ . j8f gDa/ !, #,% / * df ;+VofTds ¿kdf

;a}eGbf a9L 3/kl/jf/ 5fgf] 9nfg ePsf] 3/df a:5g\ . t/ of] cToGt ;fgf] ;+Vof xf] .

j8f gDa/ & df ;a}eGbf sd cyf{t Ps j6f 3/dfq 5fgf] 9nfg ePsf 5g\ .

3/sf] husf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/

3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ s:tf] hu xflnPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cWoogn] To; 7fpFsf dflg;x¿sf]

;DkGgtfsf] cj:yf yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . To;af6 dflg;x¿sf] k/Dk/fut u[x lgdf{0f

k4ltdf sltsf] ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f klg yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og u[x

lgdf{0f k|ljlwn] ToxfFsf 3/x¿ sltsf] alnof 5g\ / e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 5g ls 5}gg\ eGg]

klg yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . ToxL eP/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf dflg;x¿ a:g] 3/sf] hu

s:tf] 5 eGg] s'/f tnsf] tflnsfsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= (

j8f tyf 3/sf] hu cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

3/sf] husf] lsl;d

hDdf df6f] / 9'Ëf l;d]G6 / 9'Ëf sf7sf] vDaf cGo

1 491 2 55 12 560

2 370 9 2 2 383

3 539 42 38 21 640

4 290 14 49 40 393

5 429 2 3 17 451

6 360 7 33 2 402

7 268 5 49 2 324

8 301 3 79 0 383

9 324 19 68 5 416

hDdf 3372 103 376 101 3952



71

oxfFsf] 3/ lgdf{0f k4lt k/Dk/fut a9L 5 . df6f] / 9'ª\ufsf] hu agfpg] oxfFsf]

k/Dk/fut k4lt xf] . s'n #(%@ 3/kl/jf/dWo] ##&@ 3/x¿ df6f] / 9'ª\ufaf6 ag]sf

5g\ . l;d]G6 / 9'ª\ufsf] hu ePsf 3/x¿ !)# j6f 5g\ . sf7sf] vDaf ePsf 3/x¿

#&^ j6f 5g\ . o; cfwf/df x]bf{ cem} klg (=%! k|ltzt 3/x¿df sf7sf] vDaf ePsf

5g\ . l;d]G6 / sf7sf] vDaf k|of]u gu/L agfPsf em'k8Lx¿ !)! j6f 5g\ . h'g s'n

3/;+Vofsf] lx;fan] @=%% k|ltzt xf] . oxfF 9'ª\uf k|z:t kfOg] ePsf]n] 3/ agfpg

df6f]sf] ;fydf xf]; jf l;d]G6sf] ;fydf 9'ª\uf g} k|of]u ug]{ rng ;j{q /x]sf] 5 .

ejgsf] dfkb08sf] k|of]usf] cj:yf

3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 kfngf ug{'kb{5 . 3/sf] GS;f

gu/kflnsfn] kf; u/]adf]lhd x'g'kb{5 . t/, ev{/} gu/kflsfdf k|j]z u/]sf] ePsfn]

oxfFsf aflGbfsf nflu of] cEof; cToGt gf}nf] xf] . tyflk kl5Nnf] ;dodf ag]sf 3/x¿

dfkb08 adf]lhd ag]sf 5g\ . of] cEof; ;'? ePsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !) j8f tyf ejgsf] dfkb08 cg';f/sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

dfkb08

hDdf ePsf] gePsf]

1 6 554 560

2 8 375 383

3 1 639 640

4 11 382 393

5 7 444 451

6 8 394 402

7 2 322 324

8 2 381 383

9 25 391 416

hDdf 70 3882 3952



72

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ 3/x¿dWo] #**@ 3/x¿ dfkb08 cg'?k 5}gg\ . of;]f

elg/xFbf Toxfsf hgtfn] ejg ;+lxtf kfng gu/]sf] cy{ nfUg'x'Gg . gu/kflnsf

aGg'cl3 lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx¿df ejg ;+lxtf nfu" gx'g' :jfefljs xf] . To; otf

ag]sf 3/x¿df eg] ejg cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" ePsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf

(*=@# k|ltzt 3/x¿ dfkb08 ljk/Lt / !=&& k|ltzt 3/x¿ dfq dfkb08 cg'?k

ag]sf] kfOG5 .

3/ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL eP ÷ gePsf]

3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 kfngf ug{'sf ;fy} e"sDk k|lt/f]wL klg

x'g'kb{5 . vf;u/L lj=;+= @)&@ sf] e"sDkn] w]/} wghgsf] Iflt u/]kl5 gofF ejg aGbf

e"sDkk|lt/f]wL agfpg' kg]{ / o;sf] cg'udg gu/kflnsfx¿n] ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

vf;u/L kSsL / 7"nf ;+/rgf e"sDk k|lt/f]wL x'g cfjZos 5 .

tflnsf g+= !!

j8f tyf 3/ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL eP gePsf] ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

e"sDk k|lt/f]wL

hDdf ePsf] gePsf]

1 4 556 560

2 7 376 383

3 10 630 640

4 42 351 393

5 7 444 451

6 41 361 402

7 25 299 324

8 32 351 383

9 17 399 416

hDdf 185 3767 3952

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ 3/x¿dWo] !*% 3/x¿ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL / #&^& 3/x¿

e"sDk k|lt/f]wL gePsf] cj:yf kfOPsf] 5 . o;]f elg/xFbf Toxfsf hgtfn] ;/sfsf]

lgb]{zg g;g]sf] eGg] cy{ nfUg;S5 . t/, To:tf] xf]Og . a? e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ;+/rgf

x'gsf nflu kl5Nnf] ;dodf dfq clgjfo{ jul/Psfn] To;eGbf klxn] ag]sf ejgx¿

e"sDk k|lt/f]wL gx'g' :jfefljs} xf] .


73

h;/L gu/kflnsf aGg'cl3 lgdf{0f ePsf ejgx¿df ejg ;+lxtf nfu" gx'g' :jfefljs

xf] . To;}u/L e"sDkn] xNnfP/ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 3/ agfpg ;/sf/n] lgb]{zg ug{'cl3;Dd

e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ejgx¿ / cGo ;+/rgf gaGg' :jefljs g} xf] . otf ag]sf 3/x¿df

eg] ejg cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" ePsf] 5 .

o;/L x]bf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf $=^* k|ltzt 3/x¿ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL / (%=#@ k|ltzt

3/x¿ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ge|Psf] kfOG5 . clxn] x]g]{ xf] eg] x/]s j8fdf e"sDk k|lt/f]wL

;+/rgf ag]sf] 5 . of] e"sDk k|lt/f]wL ;+/rgf aGg] qmd cem a9]/ hfg] ljZjf; ug{

;lsG5 .

kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf hUuf eP÷gePsf]

cfkmgf] :jfldTjdf hUuf ePsf / gePsfx¿sf] ljj/0fn] hUufwgLx¿sf] cj:yf

hfgsf/L x'G5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf hUuf ljxLg kl/jf/x¿ #(& /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

#%%% kl/jf/sf] gfddf hUuf /x]sf] 5 . s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] t'ngfdf cfkmgf] 3/kl/jf/sf

;b:osf] gfddf hldg ePsfx¿ *(=(% k|ltzt / cfkmgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf hUuf

hldg gePsfx¿ !)=)% k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .

Tfflnsf g+= !@M kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf hUuf eP÷gePsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

j*f g+=

kl/jf/sf] :jfldTj hUuf

hDdf ePsf gePsf]

1 511 49 560

2 344 39 383

3 505 135 640

4 352 41 393

5 429 22 451

6 389 13 402

7 267 57 324

8 353 30 383

9 405 11 416

hDdf 3555 397 3952



74

dflysf] tflnsf k|foM ;a} j8fx¿df kl/jf/sf gfddf hUuf ePsf / gePsf b'j}

lsl;dsf] a;f]af; kfOPsf] 5 . cfkmgf] jf kl/jf/sf] clnslt klg hUuf gx'g] kl/jf/

;a} j8fx¿df kfOPsf] 5 . hUUff gx'g] kl/jf/x¿ j8f gDa/ #,&,$,! / @ df a9L

;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] j8f gDa/ (, ^, / % df Go"g ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6

hUuf gePsf kl/jf/sf] af/]df cWoog u/L ul/aLsf] cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] hUuf ljxLg

ePsf] cj:yf xf] eg] gu/kflnsfn] ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L hUufljxLgsf]

cj:yfaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf hfthfltx¿

cfkmgf] :jfldTjdf s[lifof]Uo hUuf ePsf / gePsfx¿sf] ljj/0fn] ls;fgx¿ hUufwgL

x'g jf xf]Ogg\ eGg] hfgsf/L x'G5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf s[lifof]Uo hUuf ljxLg

kl/jf/x¿ #(& /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s'n #%%% kl/jf/ s[ifssf] kl/jf/ ;b:osf] gfddf

hUuf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] t'ngfdf cfkmgf] 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] gfddf

s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsfx¿ *(=(% k|ltzt / cfkmgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf s[lifof]Uo hldg

gePsfx¿ !)=)% k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .

Tfflnsf g+= !# hfthflt cg';f/ s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+=

hfthfltx¿sf]

;d'x

s[lifof]Uo hldg

hDdf

hldg

ePsf

k|ltzt kfePsf] gePsf]

1 afx'g If]qL kxf8 1473 137 1610 91.49

2 hfthflt kxf8 1827 213 2040 89.56

3 cGo hfthflt 0 2 2 0.00

4 blnt kxf8 255 45 300 85.00

hDdf 3555 397 3952 89.95

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . dflysf] tflnsf k|foM ;a} j8fx¿df kl/jf/sf gfddf s[lifof]Uo hUuf ePsf] / gePsf]

b'j} lsl;dsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cfkmgf] jf kl/jf/sf] gfddf clnslt klg

hUuf gx'g] kl/jf/ ;a} j8fx¿df 5l/P/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cfkmgf] kl/jf/sf] s[lifof]Uo


75

hUUff gx'g] kl/jf/x¿nfO{ hftLo cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L blnt ;d'bfo

/x]sf] 5 .

cfkmgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf s[lifof]Uo hldg gx'g] blntx¿ !% k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . bf];|f]

qmddf hghfltx¿sf] k|ltzt !)=$$ /x]sf] 5 . cfkmgf] jf kl/jf/sf] gfddf s[lifof]Uo

hldg gx'g] afx'g If]qLx¿ *=%! k|ltzt dfq 5g\ . cGo hftLo ;d'bfodf /x]sfx¿

s;}sf] klg s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf] kfOb}g . t/,pgLx¿ v]tL sd{ gu/L Jofkf/

Joj;foaf6 cfocfh{g ul//x]sfn] pgLx¿sf] s[lifof]Uo hldg gx'g'n] s]xL km/s kfg]{

cj:yf 5}g .

s[lif hldgsf] If]qkmnsf] cj:yf

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf s[lifof]Uo hldg slt /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cWoogljgf oxfFsf]

s[lif of]hgf agfpg ;lsFb}g . s[lifof]hgf / pTkfbg cg'dfg ug{sf nflu s[lifof]Uo

hldg sxfF slt 5 eGg] yfxf x'g h¿/L 5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfsf] s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] If]qkmn tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= !$ j8f cg';f/ s[lif hldgsf] If]qkmn /f]kgL tyf x]S6/df ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

s[lif sfo{sf nfuL hldgsf] If]qkmn -

/f]kgL_

hDdf -/f]kgL_

hDdf hldg -

x]S6/_ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] c¿sf] hldg

1

6,083.50 199.00 6,282.50 319.61

2

5,468.75 191.05 5,659.80 287.93

3

10,759.00 205.00 10,964.00 557.78

4

5,738.75 311.00 6,049.75 307.77

5

6,143.75 114.00 6,257.75 318.35


76

6

5,130.00 502.00 5,632.00 286.52

7

3,317.00 173.00 3,490.00 177.55

8

4,842.00 1,055.00 5,897.00 300.00

9

4,831.56 637.00 5,468.56 278.21

hDdf

52,314.31 3,387.05 55,701.36 2,833.73

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . s[lif sfo{df k|of]u eO/x]sf] hldgsf] ;+/rgf dflysf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 . gf} j8fssf]

cj:yf x]bf{ cfkmgf] %@#!$ /f]kgL hUuf / ##*& /f]kgL c?sf] hldg lnOP/ s'n %%

xhf/ &)! /f]kgL hldgdf s[lif sd{ eO/x]sf] 5 . h'g If]qkmnsf] lx;fan @*##=&#

x]S6/ x'g cfpF5 .

j8fut cfwf/df x]bf{ j8f gDa/ # ;a}eGbf a9L v]tLof]Uo hldg ePsf] j8f xf] .

To;kl5 j8f gDa/ $,%, !,*,@ gDa/ j8fx¿ a9L v]tLof]Uo hldg ePsf] j8fsf] ?kdf

gfd cfpF5 . j8f gDa/ & rflx ;a}eGbf sd s[lifof]Uo hldg ePsf] j8f xf] .

s[lif afnL, pTkfbg / laqmL

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf s'g s'g afnL x'G5g\, ltgsf] pTkfbg / laqmLsf] cj:yf s] 5

eGGf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF klg cGo kxf8L lhNnfdf h:t}

wfg, ds} , sf]bf], ux'F, bnxg, t]nxg, t/sf/L cflb pTkfbg x'G5g\ . tnsf] tflnsfdf tL

afnLsf] pTkfbg, laqmL / artsf] cj:yf klg b]vfOPsf] 5 .


77

Tfflnsf g+= !% afnL cg';f/ s[lif pTkfbg tyf laqmLsf] ljj/0f

afnLsf] ljj/0f

s[lif pTkfbg tyf laqmL

jrt jf pkef]u pTkfbg -lSj=_ laqmL -lSj=_

wfg 10,346.89 51.00 10,295.89

ds} 8,051.62 129.09 7,922.53

ux' 188.66 4.51 184.15

sf]bf] 2,427.60 164.22 2,263.38

cGo cGg 59.87 0.20 59.67

bnxg 303.00 0.96 302.04

t]nxg 134.46 54.00 80.46

t/sf/L 12,840.75 5,377.08 7,463.67

gub]afnL 1,993.51 892.42 1,101.09

kmnkm'n 655.67 51.05 604.62

hDdf 37,002.03 6,724.53 30,277.50

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf jif{el/df s'n #&))@ lSjG6n s[lif pTkfbg x'G5 . To;dWo]

#)@&&=% lSjG6n pkef]u u5{g\ . s[lif pkh ^&@$=%# lSjG6n dfq laqmL ul/G5 .

o;af6 s'n pTkfbgsf] *!=*# k|ltzt vfgsf] nfuL cGg afnL pkof]u x'g] u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . s]jn !*=!& k|ltzt s[lif pkh dfq ahf/df laqmL u/L cGo cfjZostf

k"/f ug]{ cy{ pkfh{g eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oxfF pTkfbg eO{ laqmL x'g] / gub cfh{g

ug]{ s[lif afnLdf t/sf/L,gub] afnL, sf]bf], ds}, t]nxg, kmnkm"n /x]sf 5g\ .

kz'k+IfL eP ÷ gePsf] kl/jf/

kz'k+IfL kfng xfd|f] ;+:sf/ jf k/Dk/f xf] . dxfef/tsfn jf Tof] eGbf kl5sf] ;dodf

klg kz'k+IfL kfng ug]{ rng g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . oxfFsf dflg;x¿sf]

k/Dk/fut k]zf s[lif g} xf] . s[lifdf v]tLkftL / kz'kfng b'j} cfpF5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do

dflg;x¿ t/sf/L v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . wd{b]jLsf dflg;x¿sf]

k]zfut ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .


78

Tfflnsf g+= !^ j8f cg';f/ s'g} k|sf/sf] kz'k+IfL eP gePsf] 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

kz'k+IfL

hDdf ePsf gePsf

1 523 37 560

2 365 18 383

3 498 142 640

4 351 42 393

5 406 45 451

6 379 23 402

7 291 33 324

8 367 16 383

9 405 11 416

hDdf 3585 367 3952


wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ 3/ kl/jf/ dWo] #%*% n] kz'k+IfL kfng u/]sf] kfOG5. .

o;sf] dtna oxfFsf ()=&! k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/df kz'k+IfL kfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oxfsf

(=@( k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/n] eg] s'g} lsl;dsf] kz' jf k+IfL jf b'j} kfn]sf] kfOPg .

j8fut cfwf/df x]bf{ j8f gDa/ ! df %@# / # df $(* kl/jf/n] kz'k+IfL kfn]sf]

kfOof] . ;a}eGbf sd kz'k+IfL kfNg]x¿ j8f gDa/ & df /x]sf] 5 . ToxfF @(! kl/jf/n]

dfq kz'k+IfL kfn]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . oBlk o; j8fdf s'n 3/ ;+Vof g} c¿eGbf Go"g /x]sf]

5 .


79

of] s'/fnfO{ tnsf] /]vf lrqn] cem k|i6 kfb{5 .

kz'k+IfL pTkfbg ljj/0f

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfn] kz'k++IfL kfng ubf{ d'Vo ?kdf ufO{uf]¿, /fFufe}+;L,

v;Lafv|f, a+u'/;+'Fu'/ / s'v'/f Pjd\ xfF; kfNg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ltgLx¿ slt pTkfbg

x'G5g\ eGg] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf j8fut cfwf/df lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !&


80

j8f cg';f/ kz'k+IfLx¿sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g+=

rf}kfof ty kz'k+IfLx¿ ;+Vof

ufO{uf]? /fFufe};L v;Lafv|f j+u/ ;'Fu/ s'v'/f xfF;

1 760 295 1033 1146 1392 2 451 182 1502 287 2633 3 655 328 1564 233 1689 4 766 631 1462 163 2008 5 385 333 1684 188 2017 6 716 270 1826 165 1874 7 891 171 1493 243 1764 8 1278 219 2355 218 2275 9 1398 460 2382 171 2726

hDdf

7,300

2,889

15,301

2,814

18,378


dflysf] tflnsf cWoog ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf s[ifsn] &#)) ufO{uf]¿, @**(

/fFufe}+;L, !%#!! v;Lafv|f, @*!$ a+u'/÷;"Fu'/ tyf !*#&* j6f xfF; s'v'/f kfNg] u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 .

j8fut cfwf/df x]bf{ j8f gDa/ ! b]lv ( ;Ddsf ;a} j8fdf dfly pNn]lvt kz'k+IfL

kfng u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . t'ngfTd ¿kdf x]bf{ /fFufe};Lsf] t'ngfdf ufOuf]¿ /

a+u'/;+'Fu'/sf] t'ngfdf v;Lafv|f a9L kfng tyf pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof

dflg;n] k]zf n]Vbf w]/} 7fpF s[lif jf cfkm"nfO{ ls;fgsf ¿kdf atfO/x]sf] x'G5 .

cfkm"nfO{ ls;fg eGg] t/ s[lif sd{ slxNo} gug]{ dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof xfd|f] ;dfhdf lgSs}

kfOPsf] 5 . To;}n] oxfF kl/jf/nfO{ s[ifs kl/jf/ jf u}/ s[ifs kl/jf/ egL juL{s/0f ug{

nfluPsf] 5 . s[ifs kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+=!*


81

j8f cg';f/ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

j*f g++= s[ifs kl/jf/ hDdf

xf] xf]Og 1 541 19 560 2 375 8 383 3 559 81 640 4 383 10 393 5 438 13 451 6 393 9 402 7 294 30 324 8 378 5 383 9 412 4 416 hDdf 3773 179 3952


dflysf] tflnsf cWoog ubf{ wd{b]jLdf /x]sf #(%@ kl/jf/dWo] #&&# kl/jf/ s[ifs

/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ (%=$& k|ltzt kl/jf/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5g\ eg] $=%#

k|ltzt kl/jf/ u}/s[lif k[i7e"ldsf] /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 oxfFsf hgtf jf o;

gu/kflnsfsf] pTkfbg d"nt s[lif pkh x'g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fdf s[ifs / u}/ s[ifs kl/jf/sf ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ k|:t't

ug]{ kl/jf/x¿ s]xL g s]xL ¿kdf e]l6G5g\ . s[ifs afx]s cGo lsl;dsf] kl/jf/sf

¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ kl/jf/ j8f gDa/ # df ;a}eGbf a];L cyf{t *! kl/jf/ 5g\

. h'g To; j8fsf] s'n 3/ ;+Vof ^$) sf] !@=^^ k|ltzt dfq xf] . to;}}u/L ;a}eGbf

sd u}/s[ifs kl/jf/ /x]sf] atfpg] j8f gDa/ ( xf], hxfF $ hgfn] cfkm" u}/s[ifs

kl/jf/sf] ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof To; j8fsf] s'n kl/jf/ ;+Vof $!^ sf] )=(^

k|ltzt dfq xf] .

hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ s[ifs kl/jf/

w]/} hgf dflg;n] cfkmgf] k]zf n]Vbf jf eGbf s[lif jf v]tL pNn]v ug]{ / cfkm"nfO{

ls;fgsf ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf] x'G5 . t/ oyfy{df p;n] s[lif sd{ slxNo}

gu/]sf] klg x'g;S5 . o:tf dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof xfd|f] ;dfhdf lgSs} kfOg] u/]sf 5g\ .


82

To;}n] oxfF kl/jf/nfO{ hftLo ;d"xsf cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L To;leq s[if kl/jf/ jf

u}/ s[ifs kl/jf/ egL juL{s/0f ug{ nfluPsf] 5 . o;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tnsf]

tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= !(

hftLo ;d"x cg';f/ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= hfthfltx¿sf] ;d'x

s[ifs kl/jf/

hDdf

s[ifs

k|ltzt xf] xf]O{g

1 afx'g If]qL kxf8 1533 77 1610 95.22

2 hghflt kxf8 1959 81 2040 96.03

3 cGo hfthflt 0 2 2 0.00

4 blnt kxf8 281 19 300 93.67

hDdf 3773 179 3952 95.47


dflysf] tflnsfn] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf #&&# kl/jf/ s[ifsnfO{ hftLo cfwf/df

ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . hftLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/df o;/L x]bf{ s[lif k]zdf /x]sfx¿ dWo]

(%=@@ k|ltzt -!%##_ kl/jf/ afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L (^=)# k|ltzt

-!(%(_ sifs kl/jf/ hghflt ;d'bfosf] /x]sf 5g\ . blnt ;d'bfosf s[ifsx¿ (#=$&

k|ltzt -@*!_ kl/jf/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5g\ .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf cGo hfltsf ztk|ltzt dflg;x¿ u}/ s[lif k]zfdf cfl>t

5g\ . blnt / afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] k/Dk/fut k]zf klg 5, h'g u}/s[lif g}

xf] . To;}n] blnt / afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿n] k/Dk/fut k]zfdf ;+nUg ePsf]

sf/0fn] hghflt ;d'bfosf] s[ifs k]zf ckgfpg] k|ltzt t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L b]lvPsf]

x'g;S5 .

s[lif pJhgLaf6 vfg k'Ug] ;do

jif{el/ v]tL jf cGo k]zf ul/G5 . Tof] d"nt kl/jf/sf] vfgf, gfgf / 5fgfsf nflu g}


83

xf] . t/ jif{el/ sfd jf cg]s b'Mv si6 u/] klg ;a} kl/jf/n] To;af6 cfPsf

cfdbfgLaf6 jif{el/ vfg kfpg] cj:yf b]lvb}g . To;}n] oxfF tLg dlxgf, 5 dlxgf,gf}

dlxgf / jif{el/ vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/sf ?kdf juL{s/0f u/L ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf g+= @) j8f cg';f/ s[ifs kl/jf/nfO{ s[lif pJhgLjf6 vfg k'Ug] ;do .

j8f g+=

s[lif pTkfbgjf6 vfg k'Ug] ;do

hDdf

tLg dlxgf

;Dd

5 dlxgf

;Dd

gf} dlxgf

;Dd jif{ el/

1 321 194 37 8 560

2 230 115 19 19 383

3 281 260 31 68 640

4 176 119 20 78 393

5 234 142 19 56 451

6 144 162 57 39 402

7 84 159 38 43 324

8 119 93 65 106 383

9 149 125 61 81 416

hDdf 1738 1369 347 498 3952


dflysf] tflnsfn] cfwf/df wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf #(%@ kl/jf/dWo] $(*

kl/jf/n] dfq jif{el/ vfg k'Ug] atfPsf 5g\ . h'g s'n 3/ kl/jf/sf] !@=^ k|ltzt dfq

xf] . afFsL *&=$ k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/n] jif{el/ vfg gk'Ug] atfPsf 5g\ . tLdWo] !&#*

kl/jf/n] s[lif pkhaf6 tLg dlxgf dfq vfg k'u]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . of] s'n kl/jf/

;+Vofsf] $#=(* k|ltzt xf] .

To;}u/L 5 dlxgf vfg k'Ug] atfpg]sf] kl/jf/ ;+Vof !#^( / gf} dlxgf vfg k'Ug]

atfpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof #$& /x]sf] 5 . of] s'n kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df qmdzM #$=^$

k|ltzt / *=&* k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . s[lifdf cfwfl/t cy{tGq eg] klg jf:tjdf jif{el/

sfd ug]{ t/ cfwf k]6 dfq dfd vfg] cj:yf w]/}h;f]sf] /x]sf] 5 . of] jf:tljstfnfO{

dgg u/]/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfn] of]hgfa4 ¿kdf cfocfh{gsf nflu /f]huf/L tyf

:j/f]huf/L sfo{qmd cufl8 ;fg{'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .


84

ljleGg ;fwg ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/

dflg;x¿nfO{ b}lgs hLjg ofkgsf qmddf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;fwg tyf pks/0fsf]

cfjZostf dx;'; x'G5 . o:tf ;fwgn] dflg;sf] b}lgsLnfO{ ;xh agfpF5g\ . To;}n]

o:tf ;fwgsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf Ps lsl;dsf] k|ltZkwf{ h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cr]t

o:tf ;fwg k|of]u ug]{ cj:yfnfO{ ;f]v / ;DkGgtfsf] ;"rssf ¿kdf klg lng

yflnPsf] 5 .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfn] s] s:tf ;~rf/ pks/0f, ljB'tLo jf ;jf/L ;fwg

pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF 3/kl/jf/sf]

cfwf/df g} ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @!

ljleGg ;fwg ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

l;=g+= ;'ljwfsf] ;fwfg

ePsf] 3/kl/jf/

;+Vof

gePsf]

3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof hDdf

1 /]l8of] 1692 2260 3952 2 6]lnlehg 2064 1888 3952 3 6]lnkmf]g÷df]afOn 3742 210 3952 4 OG6/g]6 81 3871 3952 6 df]6/;fOsn 186 3766 3952 7 df]6/ 43 3909 3952 8 lk|mh 55 3897 3952 9 sDKo"6/ 228 3724 3952

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfn] k|of]u ul//x]sf ;fwgx¿nfO{ ( ju{df auL{s/0f u/L

cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . oL ( lsl;dsf ;fwgx¿df /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, 6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn,

df]6/ ;fOsn, df]6/, k|mLh, OG6/g]6 / sDKo'6/ /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;fwgx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf

a9L df]afOn k|of]ustf{ 5g\ . o; gu/kflnsfsf #&$@ 3/kl/jf/n] df]afOn k|of]u

ub{5g\ h'g s'n 3/;+Vofsf] ($=^( k|ltzt xf] . o;af6 s] a'lemG5 eg] oxfFsf hgtfsf]

d'Vo ¿lrsf] ;fwg df]afOn ag]sf] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]u x'g] ;fwgx¿df df]6/


85

;fOsn /x]sf] 5, oxfFsf !*^ 3/kl/jf/df df]6/;fOsn 5 eg] $# 3/df df]6/uf8L 5 .

h'g s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] qmdzM $=& / !=)( k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

;"rgf / dgf]/~hgsf nflu /]l8of] / 6]lnleg k|of]ustf{x¿ oxfF pNn]Vo 5g\ . logLx¿sf]

;+Vof qmdzM !^(@ / @)^$ 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 . h'g s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] qmdzM

$@=*! k|ltzt / %@=@# k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf

If]qdf 6]lnlehg x]g]{x¿sf] ;+Vof /]l8of] ;'Gg] 3/sf] ;+Vof eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . o;af6

cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 ls oxfF s]an 6]lnlehg;Fu} DTH k|ljlw klg plQs} k|rngdf 5

. wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf 3/fo;L ;fdu|L k|mLh, cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] pks/0f sDKo'6/

k|of]ustf{ al9/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfw'lgs ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ¿kdf lrlgg] OG6/g]6sf]

k|of]u klg x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf k|of]ustf{x¿ a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{

;lsG5 .

kl/jf/sf] a}+s vftf ;DjGwL ljj/0f

a}+s dflg;sf] b}lgs hLjg ofkgsf ;xh agfpg] Ps ;fwg xf] . o;n] dflg;nfO{ art

ug{, art ePsf] /sd a}+sdf lgIf]ksf ¿kdf hDdf ug{ l;sfpF5 . To;}u/L cfjZostf

k/]sf] a]nf dflg;x¿n] ufpF3/sf] eGbf ;:tf] Jofhb/df C0f lng kfpF5g\ . To;}n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pkl:yltn] dflg;sf] hLjgdf ;d[l4 Nofpg d2t ub{5 elgG5 . lsgls a}+ssf] kx'Fr;Fu} :yfgLo hghLjgdf cfly{s lqmofsnfk j[l4 x'G5 . To;n] lj:tf/} hLj:t/nfO{ ;'wfb}{ ;d[l4tkm{ cufl8 a9\g dflg;nfO{ k|]l/t u5{ . tnsf] tflnsfdf wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf dflg;x¿sf] a}+lsª afgLsf af/]df pNn]v

ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF klg 3/kl/jf/nfO{ g} cfwf/ dfg]/ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .


86

tflnsf g+= @@ j8f tyf kl/jf/sf] a}+s vftf ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

j8f g+= a}+s vftf

hDdf ePsf] gePsf] 1 130 430 560

2 199 184 383

3 116 524 640

4 101 292 393

5 81 370 451

6 75 327 402

7 137 187 324

8 60 323 383

9 80 336 416

hDdf 979 2973 3952

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% . a}+ª\lsª afgLsf] cWoog ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfx¿ dWo] (&( kl/jf/sf] a}+sdf vftf /x]sf] 5 . s'n kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df eGbf of] @$=&& k|ltzt xf] . o;sf] cfwf/df &%=@# k|ltzt kl/jf/ cem}+ a}+ssf] kx'Frdf k'u]sf] 5}gg\ . j8f gDa/sf] cfwf/df x]bf{ klg ;a} j8fsf dflg;n] vftf vf]n]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] a}+saf6 kfpg] ;'ljwf ;a} j8fsf dflg;n] pkef]u ul//x]sf xf]nfg\ egL cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF s]jn vftf vf]n]sf] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] xf] . :yfgLon] a}+saf6 s] s:tf ;'ljwf pkef]u ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g .

cfDbfgLsf] ;d"x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL s] slt /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f tnsf]

tflnsfn] k|i6 kfb{5 . oxfF cWoogsf] ;xhtfsf] lglDt kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgLnfO{ rf/

;d"xdf juL{s/0f u/]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L cfDbfgLsf] >]0fLnfO{ j8fut cfwf/df

klg ljt/0f u/L tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 j8fut cfwf/df jf cfDbfgLsf]

>]0fLsf] cfwf/df b'j} lsl;dn] a'emg ;lhnf] x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .


87

tflnsf g+= @# cfDbfgLsf] ;d"x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

j8f g++

cfDbfgL ;d"x

hDdf

%)))) eGbf

sd

%)))) b]lv

!))))) ;Dd

!))))) b]lv

@)))))

;Dd

@)))))

eGbf dfly

1 188 128 167 77 560

2 245 91 28 19 383 3 286 198 108 48 640 4 157 167 44 25 393

5 112 145 128 66 451

6 244 96 43 19 402 7 175 86 41 22 324 8 103 85 83 112 383 9 139 67 60 150 416

hDdf 1649 1063 702 538 3952 ;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf 3/w"/L ;j]{If0f –@)&% .

dflysf] tflnsfn] cfwf/df wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf #(%@ kl/jf/dWo] %#* kl/jf/n]

jif{el/df ¿= @ nfveGbf a9L cfDbfgL x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/sf] !#=^!

k|ltzt dfq xf] . To;}u/L &)@ hgfn] jif{df Psnfv b]lv b'O{ nfsf] aLrdf jflif{s

cfDbfgL x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof s'n 3/;+Vofsf] !&=&^ k|ltzt 3/ kl/jf/ xf] .

tLdWo] !)^# kl/jf/n] jflfif{s %) xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv Ps nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd cfDbfgL x'g]

atfPsf 5g\ . of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] @^=( k|ltzt xf] . To;}u/L jif{el/df ¿=%)

xhf/eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g] egL atfpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf]

$!=&# k|ltzt xf] . of] jf:tljstfnfO{ dgg u/]/ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfn] of]hgfa4 ¿kdf

cfocfh{gsf nflu a}slNks af6f] vf]hg h¿/L 5 . sd cfDbfgL ePsf ju{nfO{ nlIft

u/]/ /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/L sfo{qmd cufl8 ;fg{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

vr{sf] ;d"xsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f


88

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] jflif{s kfl/jfl/s vr{ s] slt /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f

tnsf] tflnsfn] k|i6 kfb{5 . oxfF cWoogsf] ;xhtfsf] lglDt kfl/jfl/s vr{nfO{ rf/

;d"xdf juL{s/0f u/]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L vr{ssf] >]0fLnfO{ j8fut cfwf/df

klg ljt/0f u/L tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 j8fut cfwf/df jf vr{sf] >]0fLsf]

cfwf/df oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf] vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf a'emg ;lhnf] x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @$

vr{sf] ;d"x cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/sf] j8fut ljj/0f .

j8f g++

vr{ ;d"x

hDdf

%))))eGbf

sd

%))))) b]lv

!))))) ;Dd

!))))) b]lv

@))))) ;Dd

@))))) eGbf

dfly

1 148 287 100 25 560

2 176 144 32 31 383

3 294 223 90 33 640

4 180 163 34 16 393

5 87 218 104 42 451

6 181 171 41 9 402

7 175 90 38 21 324

8 53 144 78 108 383

9 131 87 74 124 416

hDdf 1425 1527 591 409 3952


dflysf] tflnsfn] cfwf/df wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf #(%@ kl/jf/dWo] $)( kl/jf/n]

jif{el/df ¿= @ nfveGbf a9L vr{ u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . of] kl/jf/ ;+Vof s'n 3/

kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] !)=#% k|ltzt xf] . To;}u/L %(! hgfn] jif{df Ps nfvb]lv b'O{ nfvsf]

aLrdf jflif{s vr{ x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . of] ;+Vof s'n 3/;+Vofsf] !$=(% k|ltzt xf] .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;GbfdWo] !%@& kl/jf/n] jflfif{s %) xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv Ps nfv

¿k}ofF;Dd vr{ ul//x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] #*=^$ k|ltzt xf] .

To;}u/L jif{el/df ¿=%) xhf/eGbf sd vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] atfpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof !$@%

/x]sf] 5 . of] s'n 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vofsf] #^=)^ k|ltzt xf] .


89

jflif{s Ps nfv eGbf sd vr{ u/]/ kl/jf/sf] hLljsf rnfO/x]sf] kl/jf/ wd{b]jLdf

@(%@ /x]sf 5g\ . of] s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;=Vofsf] &$=& k|ltzt xf] . kxf8L u|fdL0f hLjg

ePsfn] s]xL ;xh ePsf] x'g;S5 t/ jflif{s Ps nfv ?k}ofFeGbf sd vr{ u/]/ kl/jf/

kfNg' lgSs} sl7g sfd xf] .

dflysf] cfDbfgL / vr{sf] cj:yfnfO{ tnsf] j[Qlrqdf t'ngf u/]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k|lt kl/jf/ cf};t cfDbfgL / vr{

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] jflif{s kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL / vr{sf] cj:yf s] /x]sf] 5

eGg] s'/f tnsf] tflnsfn] k|i6 kfb{5 . oxfF cWoogsf] ;xhtfsf] lglDt kfl/jfl/s vr{

/ cfDbfgL j8fut cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ kl/jfl/s cf};t cfDbfgLaf6

cf};t vr{sf] t'ngf u/L cf};t art lgsfNg ;lhnf] x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .


90

tflnsf g+= @% k|lt kl/jf/ cf};t cfDbfgL tyf vr{ ;DjGwL ljj/0f .

j8f g= cf};t cfDbfgL ?= cf};t vr{ ?= 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof 1 129543 93575 560

2 76742 99267 383

3 100669 87983 640

4 105178 90827 393

5 155588 131780 451

6 79291 79841 402

7 92522 82210 324

8 180236 171614 383

9 209113 175411 416

hDdf 125427 111156 3952


dflysf] tflnsfn] cfwf/df wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ kl/jf/n] ;/b/ !@%$@& ?k}ofF

cfDbfgL ub{5 eg] ?= !!!!%^ vr{ ub{5 . h;n] ubf{ jflif{s ;/b/ ¿= !$@&! art

ug]{ b]lvG5 . cf};t cfDbfgLsf] cfwf/df j8f gDa/ (,* / ! df t'ngfTds ¿kdf w]/}

/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

vr{sf] lx;fan] j8f gDa/ (,* / % a9L vrf{n' b]lvPsf 5g\ . artsf] lx;fan] x]bf{

j8f gDa/ (sf afl;Gbfsf] cf};t art ##&)@ ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L j8f gDa/

*sf] cf};t art ?= $*@% dfq 5 . To;}u/L j8f gDa/ %sf] jflif{s cf};t art

@#*)* ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5 eg] j8f gDa/ !sf] cf};t art ?= #%(^* /x]sf] 5 . of]

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} j8fsf] cf};tdf ;a}eGbf a9L xf] .

dflysf] tflnsfsf] ljZn]if0faf6 s] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 eg] kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL

a9fpg] pkfo vf]hL ug{'kb{5 . o;f] ug{ g;s] jflif{s cf};t vr{ 36fP/ klg artnfO{

a9fpg ;lsg] ;+efjgf /xG5 eGg] s'/f a'emfpg hgr]tgf hufpg h?/L 5 .

o;}nfO{ tnsf] /]vflrqdf klg b]vfOPsf] 5 .


91

hftLo ;d"xsf cfwf/df cfDbfgL ;d"x

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] hftLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/df jflif{s kfl/jfl/s cfDbfgL

/ vr{sf] cj:yf tnsf] tflnsfn] k|i6 kfb{5 . oxfF cWoogsf] ;xhtfsf] lglDt

kfl/jfl/s vr{ / cfDbfgL hftLo ;d'fosf] cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To;n] ubf{

kl/jfl/s cf};t cfDbfgLnfO{ hftLo b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff

ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @^

hftLo ;d"x tyf cfDbfgL ;d"x cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

hftLo ;d"x

cfDbfgL ;d'x

hDdf

%))))

eGbf sd

%))))) b]lv

!))))) ;Dd

!))))) b]lv

@))))) ;Dd

@)))))

eGbf dfly

afx'g If]qL kxf8 587 484 287 252 1610

hghflt kxf8 909 515 367 249 2040


blnt kxf8 153 63 48 36 300

hDdf 1649 1063 703 537 3952



92

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ kl/jf/ dWo] jflif{s ;/b/ %) xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf sd

cfDbfgL ug]{ !^$( kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . oL 3/ kl/jf/dWo] hghflt ()( kl/jf/ 5g\ h'g

hftLo cfwf/df afx'g If]qL / blnt eGbf a9L a9L xf] . lsgls of] cfDbfgL ;d"xsf s'n

3/;+Vofsf] %%=!@ k|ltzt xf] . hals afx'g If]qL ;d'bfosf] %*& kl/jf/ of] ;d"xdf

/x]sf] 5 . h'g #%=^ k|ltzt xf] .

blnt ;d'bfosf] kl/jf/sf] lx:;f (=@* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . Pjd\ l/tn] rf/j6} cfDbfgL

;d"xdf hghflt ;d"x a9L, To;kl5 afx'g If]qL ;d'bfo / t];|f]df blnt ;d"xbfosf]

pkl:ylt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

hftLo ;d"x cfwf/df vr{ ;d"xsf] ljj/0f

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] hftLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/df jflif{s kfl/jfl/s vr{sf]

cj:yf tnsf] tflnsfn] k|i6 kfb{5 . oxfF cWoogsf] ;xhtfsf] lglDt kfl/jfl/s vr{

hftLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ kl/jfl/s cf};t vr{nfO{

hftLo b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= @&

hftLo ;d"x tyf vr{ ;d"x cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f .

hftLo ;d"x

vr{ ;d"x

hDdf

%))))

eGbf

sd

%)))))

b]lv

!)))))

;Dd

!)))))

b]lv

@)))))

;Dd

@)))))

eGbf dfly

afx'g If]qL kxf8 540 624 271 175 1610

hghflt kxf8 755 804 284 197 2040


blnt kxf8 130 97 36 37 300

hDdf 1425 1527 591 409 3952



93

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf #(%@ kl/jf/ dWo] jflif{s ;/b/ %) xhf/ ?k}ofF eGbf sd vr{

ug]{ !$@% kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . oL 3/ kl/jf/dWo] hghflt &%% kl/jf/ 5g\ 5g' eg]

afx'g If]qL %$) kl/jf/ / blnt !#) kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

h'g hftLo cfwf/df hghflt %@=(* k|ltzt, afx'g If]qL kl/jf/ #&=*( k|ltzt /

blnt ;d'bfo (=!@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . lsgls sl/a o:t} cj:yf cGo vr{ ;d"xdf klg

x/]sf] 5 . cyf{t rf/j6} vr{ ;d"xdf hghflt ;d"x a9L, To;kl5 afx'g If]qL ;d'bfo /

t];|f]df blnt ;d"xbfosf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .


94

v08 kfFr

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g / afn clwsf/

afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf afnclwsf/ elgG5 . afn clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ /

u/f[g] d'Vo bfloTj /fHosf] xf] . /fHosf k|ltlglwn] g} cGt/fli6«o d~rdf pleP/

afnaflnsfsf clwsf/ lbg] k|lta4tf u/]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] /fHo cfkm}+n] jf p;sf] kxndf

;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L jf ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yf / kl/jf/n] ;d]t afnclwsf/ axfnLsf

nflu lhDd]jf/ eO{ sfd ug{'kb{5 . gu/] pgLx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] sfd klg /fHo jf

;/sf/sf] g} xf] .

:yfgLo tx :yfgLo ;/sf/ xf] . gu/kflnsfn] cfkmgf] If]qleqsf afnaflnsfsf nflu

ug{'kg]{ ;a} sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lng'kb{5 . p;n] ug{'kg]{ sfd / sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;/sf/af6

hf/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{ljlw @)^* df pNn]v 5 . To; sfo{ljlwn] ;/sf/n]

afnaflnsfsf nflu cg's"n x'g] ;+:f/ agfpgsf nflu cfkmgf] txdf sfd ug{'kb{5 eGg]

s'/f pNn]v 5 . gu/kflnsf tNnf] txsf] ;/sf/ g} xf] . p;n] klg cfkmgf] txdf

afnaflnsfsf] lxt cg's"n ;+/rgf agfpg], gLlt agfO{ nfu" ug]{ / To:tf sfo{sf]

cg'udg ug]{ x}l;ot /fVb5 . To;} sf/0f ljut b]lv g} tTsfnLg gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt /

gu/kflnsfx¿n] afnd}qL :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff lnP/ sfd ul/x]sf 5g\ .

afnaflnsf eg]sf hGd]b]lv !* jif{ gk'u]sf dfgjx¿ x'g\ . ;'/lIft ?kdf hlGdg kfpg',

cfjZos vf]k tyf cf}ifwL pkrf/ kfpg', x]/rfx tyf :ofxf/ kfpg' pgLx¿sf] clwsf/

xf] . To:t} vfg, a:g, nfpg kfpg', pd]/ / cj:yfsf cfwf/df pko'Qm lzIff kfpg', v]n

tyf dgf]/~hg kfpg', pko'Qm kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs jftfj/0f kfpg' klg

afnclwsf/ g} xf] . ;fy}, s'6lk6, x]nf, lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ / zf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f kfpg', dgdf

nfu]sf] s'/f eGg kfpg', :ofaf;L / xf};nf kfpg' cflbh:tf s'/fx¿ klg afnaflnsfsf

nflu cfjZos 5g\ .


95

afnaflnsfnfO{ clt cfjZos kg{] oL clwsf/x¿nfO{ g} afnclwsf/ elgG5 .

afnclwsf/ ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o b:tfj]h afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw !(*( xf] .

o; dxf;lGwnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . o; dx;lGwn] !* aif{d'lgsf ;a}

dfgjnfO{ afnaflnsf dfg]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] kfpg'kg]{ clwsf/nfO{ afnclwsf/ eg]sf] 5

. o; dxf;lGwsf %$ j6f wf/f 5g\ . oL wf/fx¿df hlt klg clwsf/x¿ Joj:yf

ul/Psf 5g\ ltlgx¿nfO{ d'Vo u/L rf/ efudf af “9]/ cWoog u/]sf] kfOG5 . Pscsf{sf]

k"/ssf ¿kdf /x]sf oL rf/j6} efux¿nfO{ rf/ afs; jf rf/ :tDe klg eGg] ul/G5 .

!=afFRg kfpg] clwsf/

afFRg kfpg' afnaflnsfsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] . ue{df /x]b]lv g} ;'/lIft x'g' / ;'/lIft

hlGdg' p;sf] clwsf/ xf] . hlGdPkl5 cfjZos :j:ys/ vfgf, plrt :ofxf/, af;,

:jf:Yo pkrf/ / Gofgf] sk8f nufotsf Pp6f afns afFRgsf nflu geO{ gx'g]

clwsf/x¿ g} o;;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/x¿ x'g\ .

@= ljsf;sf] cj;/ kfpg] clwsf/

afnaflnsfx¿ afFr]/ dfq k'Ub}g . pgLx¿sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; x'g'kb{5 . afnaflnsfsf]

zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s tyf ;+j]ufTds ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] ;Dk"0f{

cfjZostfx¿nfO{ g} afnljsf;sf] clwsf/ elgG5 . h:t} M lzIff, v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg,

:ofxf/ ;Def/, kf}li6s cfxf/, kof{Kt ef]hg, kof{Kt :jf:Yo ;]jf cflb .

#= ;+/If0f kfpg] clwsf/

x/]s lsl;dsf] e]befj, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/, oftgf, s'6lk6, ckx/0f, lx+;f / cjx]ngfaf6

afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f x'g'kb{5 . k|To]s afnaflnsfn] gfd kfpg'k5{ / hGdbtf{sf]

clwsf/ kfpg'k5{ . a]rlavgaf6 ;+/If0f, ckx/0faf6 ;+/If0f, ;z:q åGåaf6 ;+/If0f,

hf]lvdk"0f{ >d, >dzf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f kfpg'sf ;fy} ckfª\utf ePsf, cgfy

afnaflnsfsf] ljz]if ;+/If0f, of}gzf]if0faf6 ;+/If0f, nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;g tyf cf];f/

k;f/df k|of]u x'gaf6 ;+/If0f kfpg] h:tf dxTjk"0f{ clwsf/x¿ o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ .

$= ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/


96

afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf ljifox¿df afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf]] wf/0ff /fVg kfpg',

cfkm";Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ cj;/ kfpg''', e]nf x'g kfpg', Psh'6 x'g

kfpg', pkl:yt x'g kfpg', afnSnax¿ vf]Ng kfpg' tyf anfSnasf ultljlwx¿df efu

lng kfpg', cfkm\gf] s'/f :jtGqtfk"j{s /fVg kfpg', ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{, ;+nUgtf

b]vfpg / k|ltef k|:t't ug{ kfpg' g} afnaflnsfsf] ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/ xf] .

To:t} c?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] afn sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL x'g kfpg', afn xslxtsf gLlt

lg0f{odf ;xefuL x'g kfpg', k|z+;f, :ofaf;L / xf};nf kfpg' ;fy} ljrf/ / efjgfsf]

sb/ x'g] jftfj/0f kfpg' h:tf cfwf/e"t clwsf/x¿ o; cGt/ut kb{5g\ .

afnclwsf/sf oL rf/}j6f efux¿ Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g\ .

afnclwsf/sf l;4fGtx¿

afnaflnsf; “u / pgLx¿sf lglDt ul/g] k|To]s sfo{x¿ afnaflnsfsf] lxtdf 5g\ egL

dfkg ug{ afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwn] rf/cf]6f l;4fGtx¿nfO{ c “ufn]sf] 5 . oL l;4fGtx¿n]

kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fHoaf6 eP u/]sf sfo{x¿ afnclwsf/sf kIfdf 5g\ jf 5}gg\ egL

hf “Rgsf nflu cfwf/e"t dfkb08sf] sfd u5{g\ . afnaflnsf; “u / pgLx¿sf lglDt

ul/g] k|To]s sfdx¿ afnclwsf/sf] oL rf/ l;4fGt ljk/Lt x'g''x' “b}g eg]/ o;n]

dfu{bz{g klg ub{5 .

afnclwsf/sf rf/ l;4fGtx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

s= lje]b /lxt

v= afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxt

u= bL3{hLjg / ljsf;

3= afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ tyf efjgfsf] sb/

wd{b]jLsf] afnaflnsfsf] hg;ª\Vof

z"Gob]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;nfO{ afnaflnsf elgG5, eGg] kl/efiff cGt/fli6«o

afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw !(*( df ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] z"Go b]lv !^ jif{;Ddsf

dflg;nfO{ afnaflnsf eGg'kb{5 egL kl/eflift u/] klg Jojxf/df / ;fdflhs

;+3;+:yfn] dxf;lGwsf] kl/efiffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ sfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] oxfF

z"Gob]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dflg;nfO{ afnaflnsf egL ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .


97

tflnsf !

afnaflnsfsf] hg;+Vof

pd]/ lnª\u

hDdf afns aflnsf 3 jif{ eGbf sd 519 498 1017

4 186 162 348

5 191 156 347

6 170 153 323

7 157 180 337

8 163 158 321

9 159 150 309

10 217 198 415

11 185 178 363

12 216 192 408

13 248 281 529

14 255 242 497

15 230 210 440

16 225 206 431

17 216 200 416

18 232 248 480

hDdf #%^( #$!@ ^(*!


dflysf] tflnsfdf pd]/sf] cfwf/df afnaflnsfsf] hg;fFlVos ljj/0f b]vfOPsf] 5 . tL

ljj/0f cfkm}+df dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . To;df afnaflnsfsf] ;ª\Vof ^(*! /x]sf] 5 . To;

cfwf/df x]bf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ) b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afns #%^( /

aflnsf #$!@ /x]sf 5g\ . afn clwsf/sf] s'/f ubf{ jf afnaflnsfsf] lxtsf] lglDt

ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] nlIft ju{ ^(*! cyf{t s'n hg;ª\Vof !(*%( sf] #%=!% k|ltzt

/x]sf] k|i6 x'g cfpF5 . n}ª\lus cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf afnssf]

;+Vof aflnsfsf] t'ngfdf a9L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

afn clwsf/sf] cj:yf


98

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ) b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfsf] ;+Vof s'n hg;ª\Vofsf]

$@=^# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfhsf afnaflnsf g} d'nssf] eljiosf g]t[Tjstf{

gfosgflosf x'g\ . To;}n] cfhsf] ;/sf/L c+un] ug]{ sfd afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf]

cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t x'gkb{5 eGg] ljZjJofkL dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo

zf;g eGg' g} afn clwsf/df cfwfl/t zf;g k|zf;g eGg] a'lemG5 .

afn clwsf/sf dfly pNn]lvt rf/ j6f efu jf rf/ afs; afnaflnsfsf clwsf/sf

ljifox¿ x'g\ . tL clwsf/x¿ kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fHon] kl/k"lt{ ul/lbg' kb{5 . cyf{t, tL

clwsf/x¿ k"/f ul/lbg] bfloTj cleefjs, ;dfh / /fHosf] xf] . To;}n] oxfF afn

clwsf/sf] cj:yf cWoog ubf{ d"nt lzIff, :jf:Yo, v]n'sbsf] cj:yfnfO{ ljZn]if0f

ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/x¿sf nflu afnSnax¿sf] u7g,

;~rfng / afnSnasf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ afnaflnsfsf] ;/f]sf/sf ;+:yf jf lgsfodf

k|ltlglwTjsf] cj:yfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{'kb{5 .

ljutdf ljsf; ePsf] r]tgf / afnd}qL cleofgdf nfUg] ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfsf] nflu ;Dklt xf] . oxL ;DkltnfO{ ;d]6/ gu/kflnsf cufl8 a9\g ;Sg]

cj:yf 5 . o; cleofgdf ljut jif{x¿df ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{

;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L Pjd\ ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx¿ gu/kflnsfn] eljiodf sfd ubf{sf

dxTjk"0f{ ;fem]bf/ aGg ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 .

afn clwsf/ axfnLsf ;"rsx¿ ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g

sfo{ljlwn] #( j6f ;"rsx¿ tf]s]sf] 5 . tL ;"rsx¿ afnd}qL cleofgsf nflu

dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . afnaflnsfsf] afFRg kfpg] xssf nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf vf]k clg

dft[lzz'sf] :jf:Yo cj:yfsf] ljz]if dxTj x'G5 . ljsf;sf] clwsf/ v]ns'b / lzIff;Fu

;DalGwt x'G5g\ . To;}n] ljBfno txsf] lzIff eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

k9\g kfpg] / Tof]eGbf ;fgf] pd]/ afnljsf; s]Gb|df uO{ k9\g kfpg] cj:yf o;sf nflu

dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . afn ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/sf] nflu leQ]klqsf k|sfzg / afnSnadf

cfj4 x'g kfpg] / afnSnasf] tkm{af6 ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / cGo

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfodf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o eO/xFbf

afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 dxTjk"0f{


99

x'G5 . afn ;+/If0fsf] ;jfndf eo/lxt lzIff, a]rljvfg, oftgf, afnljjfx, nfu"kbfy{

b'Jo{;gaf6 ;+/If0f, ckx/0f / cGo cdfgjLo Jojxf/af6 ;+/If0f cflb ljifox¿ kb{5g\ .

To;}n] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] afnSnasf] cj:yf, afn ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cj:yf, vf]k tyf

:jf:Yo ;]jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f oxL clek|foaf6 o; kfZj{lrqdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

afn Snax¿sf] cj:yf

afnSna afnaflnsfsf] cfkmgf] ;+u7g xf] . o;df cfj4 eP/ ljrf/ ;'Gg], cfkmgf]

ljrf/ agfpFg], ljrf/ JoQm ug]{ ;Lk l;Sg'sf ;fy} dfgjLo hLjgsf nflu cfjZos

cGo ;Lkx¿ klg l;S5g\ . oxL afnSnasf] dfWodaf6 ;+u7g ;~rfng k4lt, g]t[Tj

;Lk, nf]stflGqs ljlw / Jojxf/ l;S5g\ . ;'zf;gsf cfwf/e"t 1fg klg o;af6

l;S5g\ . afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;+:yf xf] . s'g} 7fpFdf afnaflnsfsf]

k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' kbf{ To;sf] nflu cflwsfl/s lgsfo :yfgLo afnSna tyf afnSna

;~hfnx¿ g} x'g\ .

afnaflnsfnfO{ km'Q af]nfP/ gfd dfqsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg]eGbf afnSnax¿ lgdf{0f

tyf ;~rfngdf gu/kflnsfn] of]ubfg ug{'sf ;fy} afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpFg'

kbf{ afnSna jf afn;~hfnnfO{ kq k7fP/ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf k|ltlglw dfu u/L

pgLx¿n] k7fPsf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xefuL agfpg] ugf{n] afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf

;'lglZrt x'g'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ;+:yfut ePsf] dflgG5 .

afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿

cfw'lgs lzIff k4ltn] afn ljsf; s]Gb|x¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] s'/fnfO{ dfGotf

lbPsf] 5 . ljBfno hfg] pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljsf; s]Gb|df /fv]/

ljBfno hfg afgL kfg{'kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /xL cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;/sf/n] ljBfnodf

cfwfl/t afn ljsf; s]Gb|x¿, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afn ljsf; s]Gb|x¿ tyf k"j{k|fylds

ljBfno lzIffx¿df ljz]if nufgL ul//x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] k|f/lDes l;sfO /

;fdflhsLs/0fsf] k"j{ cEof; oxL ;dodf x'g] ePsf]n] afn ljsf; s]Gb|x¿ dfkm{t o:tf

;]jfx¿ lbg'kg]{ cjwf/0ff NofPsf] 5 .


100

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qsf] afn ljsf; s]Gb|x¿sf] cj:yf / ltgdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf

af/]df lj:t[t ljj/0f k|fKt geP klg j8f gDa/ @ df aun]6f]n / nv'dfnfªdf b'O{ j6f

afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿

;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ ;/sf/sf] nufgL / ;d'bfosf] /]vb]v / lgu/fgLdf ;~rfng

ePsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿ x'g\ . d'n'ssf] z}lIfs :t/ psf:gdf logLx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf

/x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf Ps SofDk; / #^;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

lzIff P]g @)&@ n] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ b'O{ txdf ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . sIff ! b]lv * ;Dd

cfwf/e"t tx / sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd dfWolds tx .

tflnsf g+ @=

;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ / ltgdf cWofkg x'g] sIff

l;=g+= ljBfnosf] gfd j8f g+= k9fO x'g]

sIff

!= >L zflGt dfWolds lj t]Nnf]s ! !–!)

@ >L sflnsf cfwf/e"t ljBfno dxeL/ ! !–*

# >L cd/ zxLb cfwf/e"t ljBfno,dxfdl;x ! !–%

$ >L afn ;'zLn cfwf/e"t ljBfno,e';'g] ! !–%

% >L uf}tda'4 cfwf/e"t ljBfno ! !–#

^ >L rfd'08] dfWolds lj, tfdfkmf]s @

& >L l;xb]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, km'ª\lnª @

* >L OGb|sfnL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, tfdfkmf]s @

( >L lji0f' cfwf/e"t ljBfno , s'Gtfª # !–*

!) >L l;u]Zj/L dflj, d'9] # !–!)

!! >L k~rsGof cfwf/e"t ljBfno, cf]v|] # !–%

!@ >L lzjcfwf/e"t ljBfno, dem'jf # !–%

!# >L wd{b]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, ;Nn] # !–%

!$ >L dxfb]j cfwf/e"t ljBfno # !–%

!% >L zf/bf cfwf/e"t lJfBfno, d'9] $ !–!)

!^ >L hgtf cfwf/e"t ljBfno, ;Nn]] $ !–%

!& >L hghfu/0f cfwf/e"t ljBfno, x'kf{ $ !–!)


101

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf ÷ ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nox¿ .

lghL ljBfnox¿

g]kfnsf] lzIffsf] ljsf;df lghL ljBfnox¿sf] cfkmg} vfnsf] of]ubfg / e"ldsf /xL

cfPsf] 5 . obf sbf /fhgLlts If]qaf6 cg]s lsl;dsf k|Zg p7fpg] ul/P klg lghL

If]qn] lzIfsf] ljsf;df u/]sf] of]ubfgs} cfwf/df logLx¿k|lt cleefjs / ljBfyL{sf]

ljZjf; / e/f];f lbg k|ltlbg al9/x]sf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ # df b'O{

j6f af]l8{ª :s'nx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

!= k|efjtf/f s'lnlgs af]l{8ª :s'n

@=dfp06 dsfn' af]l8{ª :s'n

!* >L /fd]Zj/ SofDk;, %

!( >L /fd]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfno % !–!)

@) >L sd{ljxfg dfWolds ljBfno, % !–!)

@! >L ;/:jtL cfwf/e"t ljBfno % !–%

@@ >L cfwf/e"t ljBfno, kmfS;L ^ !–*

@# >L wd{b]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfno,cfR5fDa' ^ !–*

@$ >L afnaflnsf cfwf/e"t ljBfno, ^ !–#

@% >L ljZjHof]lt cfwf/e"t ljBfno,;fpg] ^ !–#

@^ >L b"wgfy cfwf/e"t ljBfno, & !–%

@& >L hfnkfb]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, & !–%

@* >L ;/:jtL b]jLyfg cfwf/e"t ljBfno, & !–%

@( >L cd?jf dfWolds ljBfno * !–%

#) >L c?of]bo cfwf/e"t ljBfno, * !–%

#! >L l;4b]jL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, * !–%

#@ >L k~rsGof cfwf/e"t ljBfno, * !–%

## >L dx]Gb| Hof]lt dfWolds ljBfno,k'kfª\u' ( !–%

#$ >L eujtL dfWoldsljBfno, d"nufpF] ( !–%

#% >L xfª\df/fgL cfwf/e"t ljBfno, u'/fF;] ( !–%

#^ >L b]jLbz{g cfwf/e"t ljBfno, b]jfg9'ª\uf ( !–%

#& >L w|'jHof]lt cfwf/e"t ljBfno, rf]OlnKkf ( !–%


102

v08 ^

;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]qx¿

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf

;dfhdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf, Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ /

blnt afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfsf] gfddf /fHosf]ifaf6 ;xof]u ug]{ cjwf/0ff

sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff xf] . lj=;+= @)%! b]lv Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ dfl;s !))

?k}ofF eQmf lbg] gf/f ;lxt ;'? ul/Psf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf clxn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf

;fy;fy} Psn dlxnf, ckfª\utf ePsf / blnt Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ ;d]t k|bfg ul/G5 .

o;n] ;dfhdf k5fl8 k/]sf czQmx¿nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg k|f]T;fxg x'g] ljZjf;

ul/Psf] 5 .

JolQmut 36\gf btf{ ljj/0f

dflg;sf] hLjgdf x'g] dxTjk"0f{ 36\gfx¿ hGd, d[To', ljjfx, a;fO;/fO / ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] o:tf 36\gfx¿ Jojl:yt ¿kdf btf{ u/L clen]v /fVg] k4lt a;fPsf] 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ lj=;+= @)&$ a}zfvb]lv @)&$ r}t;Dd Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf ePsf JolQmut 36\gf btf{sf] ljj/0f oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .


103

tflnsf g+=!

JolQmut 36\gf btf{ ljj/0f

36gf j8f g+=

! @ # $ % ^ & * ( hDdf

hGd dlxnf ^* #% %@ #! $! $) $! $# %) $)! k'?if &! ## %# $# $) #* @! $) $! #*)

d[To' dlxnf !$ $ ^ & !! % % & % ^$ k'?if !) $ !! ( * * % $ & ^^

ljjfx #^ #! #) #$ @@ @$ !^ @* #) @%! a;fO btf{ !( !) %@ !$ #! * !* !# !& !*@

cfPsf] ) ) !(! !@ ^ ) ) !( ) @@* uPsf] @ #$ #( $! !$! @@ @& #( ^@ $)&

;DaGw ljR5]b %( ) ) ) ! ) ) ) ) ^) ;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf .

dflysf] tflnsfaf6 k|i6 x'G5 ls wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf Ps jif{df &*! hgf hlGdP

eg] !#) hgfsf] d[To' eof] . ljjfx u/]/ !*@ hgf o; gu/kflnsf If]qdf lelqPsf 5g\

. a;fO{ ;/]/ @@* hgf lelqPsf 5g\ eg] $)& hgffn] o; gu/kflnsf 5f8]/ uPsf 5g\

. o; jif{leqdf s'n ^) hgfn] kl/jf/df s'/f gldn]sf sf/0f cnUu} hLjg lhpg]

;xdltsf ;fy ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ hGdd[to'sf sf/0f ^%!

hgf OxfF yk ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] a;fO ;/fOsf] sf/0f !&( hgf dflg; 36]sf 5g\ .

o; cfwf/df ;/b/ $&@ hgf dflg; lj=;+= @)&$ el/df ylkPsf] b]lvG5 .

ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf xfn pknAw :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ljj/0f o:tf] /x]sf] 5 . o;df

gu/kflnsf If]qdf /x]sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿, cf}ifwL k;n tyf pknAw kl/jf/ lgof]hg

;]jfx¿ ;d]t tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

x/]s uflj;df Ps :jf:Yo ;+:yf /xg] ljutsf] Joj:yf cg'?k o;df ;d]l6Psf tLgj6f

ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf tLgj6} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿ k"j{jt ¿kdf rln/x]sf 5g\ . ;]jfu|fxLn]

k"j{jt ¿kdf g} ;]jf kfO/x]sf 5g\ .


104

!= cfFvLe'O{ :jf:Yorf}sL M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ &

tflnsf g+=#

cfFvLe'O{ :jf:Yorf}sLsf] b/jGbL ljj/0f

qm=;+ kb b/aGbL xfn ePsf] s}lkmot

! x]Ny cl;:6]G6 ! !

@ c= x]Ny js{/ @ @

# cgld @ ! !sfhdf aflx/

$ Nofj c= ) ) ;ldlt

% @$ 306] cgld ) ! s/f/df gkf

^ sfof{no ;xof]uL ) ! s/f/df gkf

hDdf % ^

;|f]t M :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿ .

dflysf] tflnsfaf6 cfFvLe'O{+ :jf:Yo rf}sLdf kfFrhgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL

/x]sf]df clxn] 5 hgf sd{rf/Lx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . of;] x'g'df Pshfg b/agbLdf /x]sf

sd{rf/L sfhdf aflx/ uPsf 5g\ eg] @$ 306 cgld / sfof{no ;xof]uL s/f/df

/flvPsf] cj:yf 5 .


105

@= dflDnª :jf:Yorf}sL M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ $

tflnsf g+=$

dflDnª :jf:Yorf}sLsf] b/jGbL ljj/0f

qm=;+

kb b/aGbL xfn ePsf] s}lkmot

! x]Ny cl;:6]G6 ! ! ! sfhdf

@ c= x]Ny js{/ @ @

# cgld @ @

$ Nofj c= ) ! ;ldlt

% @$ 306] cgld ) ! s/f/df gkf

^ sfof{no ;xof]uL @ ! s/f/df gkf

hDdf & *


dflysf] tflnsfaf6 dflDnª :jf:Yo rf}sLdf ;fthgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df clxn]

cf7 hgf sd{rf/Lx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . o;f] x'g'df x]Ny cl;:6]G6 Pshgf sfhdf /x]sf 5g\

. Nofacl;:6]G6 ;ldltaf6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @$ 306] cgld / sfof{no ;xof]uL Ps

hgf gu/kflnsfn] s/f/df /flvlbPsf] cj:yf 5 .

#= tfdfkmf]s :jf:Yorf}sL M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ @

tflnsf g+=%

tfdfkmf]s :jf:Yorf}sLsf] b/jGbL ljj/0f


! x]Ny cl;:6]G6 ! ! ! sfhdf

@ c= x]Ny js{/ @ ! ! l/Qm

# cgld @ @

$ Nofj c= ) )

% @$ 306] cgld ) ! s/f/df gkf

^ sfof{no ;xof]uL ! ! s/f/df gkf

hDdf ^ ^



106

dflysf] tflnsfaf6 tfdfkmf]s :jf:Yo rf}sLdf 5hgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df clxn]

5 hgf g} sd{rf/Lx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . o;f] x'g'df Pshgf b/aGbLdf /x]sf sd{rf/L

sfhdf aflx/ uPsf 5g\ eg] Ps l;6 vfnL 5 .;Yo rf}sLdf klg @$ 306 cgld /

sfof{no ;xof]uL s/f/df /flvPsf] 5 .

$= wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qsf] ;du| :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yf

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qsf] ;du| :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yf b]vfpgsf nflu oxfFsf tLgj6}

:jf:Yo rf}sL dfkm{t lbOsf] ;]jfnfO{ hf]8]/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6 x/]s :jf:Yo

rf}sLsf] sfo{ Ifdtf b]lvg'sf ;fy} ;du|df o; gu/klfnsfsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf Ifdtf b]lvg]

5 . o; gu/df ;x/L :jf:Yo s]Gb| / cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwfno klg 5g\ . t/, tnsf]

tflnsfdf tL b'O{ ;+:yfsf] ;]jf / IftfnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5}g . ltgLx¿sf] ;]jfsf]

ljj/0f tn 5'§} zLif{s cGtut lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+=^

wd{b]jLsf] ;du| :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yf

qm=;+ ;]jf tfdfkmf]s dflDnª cfFvLe'O{ hDdf

! hDdf ;]jfu|fxL

-cf=j @)&$÷&%_

@%)) %@)) #&&% !!$&%

@ ;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L ;]jf @) %( $) !!(

# ;'/lIft ue{ktg ;]jf ) * ) *

$ ;]jf If]q -j8f gDa/=_ !,@ / # $/ % ^,&,*/ ( ( j8f

% ufpF3/ lSnlgs @ @ @ ^

^ vf]k lSnlgs ^ ^ ^ !*

& dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod;]ljsf ( ( ( @&


dflysf] tflnsfaf6 cfFvLe'O{+, tfdfkmf]s / dflnDnª :jf:Yo rf}sLn] Ps cfly{s jif{

cjlwdf !! xhf/ $&% hgfnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L !!( ;'Ts]/L


107

;]jf, * j6f ue{ktg ;]jf lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . x/]s :jf:Yo rf}sLdf b'O{j6fsf b/n] ^

j6f ufpF3/ lSnlgs, tLgj6f :jf:Yorf}sLdf ^ hgfsf b/n] !* vf]k lSnlgs /x]sf 5g\

. logLx?df s'n @& hgf sd{rf/L dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod;]jLsf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ .

%= ;x/L :jf:Yo s]Gb|

gu/kflnsf ag]kl5 @)&$ kmfu'g dlxgfdf :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf xf] . of] gu/sf]

;+/rgf xf] . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df :yflkt 5 . o;n] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g}

lgoldt cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)&$ kmfu'gb]lv @)&%

c;f/ ;Dddf !@@) ;]jfu|fxLn] To;af6 ;]jf lnPsf 5g\ .

^= cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno

oxfFsf] cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno lj=;+=@)$% df :yfkgf ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf xf] . of] gu/sf]

;+/rgf xf] . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ! df :yflkt 5 . o;n] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g}

lgoldt cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cf=j= @)&$÷)&%df o;n] #)))

;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;]jf lbPsf] 5 .

cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ *

tflnsf g+=&

wd{b]jLdf /x]sf] cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfnosf] b/jGbL ljj/0f


! slj/fh lg/LIfs ! !

@ j}B ! !

# sfo{no ;xof]uL ! ! s/f/

$ cf}ifwL s'6'jf= ! ) l/Qm

hDdf $ #



108

vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f

o; gu/kflnsf If]qdf ljeGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfdfkm{t pknAw vf]kx¿sf] ljj/0f oxfF

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . vf]kx¿ Psflt/ dfgj hLjgdf /f]u k|lt/f]w Iftf a9fpgsf nflu

dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ cfdf / aRrfsf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL cToGt dxTjk"0f{ ;"rs klg

xf] . afn clwsf/sf] afn arfp ;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ cjoasf ¿kdf klg vf]kn] sfd

u/]sf] x'G5 .

To;}n] o;nfO{ afnarfj6 ;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ ;"rssf ¿kdf lnOG5 . xfn wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsfdf ;d]l6Psf ;a} ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx¿ gu/kflnsf aGg'cl3 g} k"0f{ vf]ksf]

;'ljwf kfPsf] uflj;sf ¿kdf 3f]lift eO;s]sf x'g\ . To;}n] wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]q k"0f{

vf]ko'Qm gu/kflnsfsf sfod x'guPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+=*

wd{b]jLsf] vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f qm=

;+= ljj/0f

cf=j

@)&@.&#

cf=j

@)&#.&$ cf=j @)&$.&%

! lj= l;= lh= 100% 100% 100%

@ l8= lk= l6= 90% 90% 95%

#

x]kf6fOl6;

lj 90% 90% 95% $ bfb'/f 90% 90% 95% % kf]lnof] # 90% 90% 95% ^ l6= l6= 90% 90% 85% ;|f]t M :yfgLo :jf:Yo rf}sLx¿ .

oxfF vf]ksf] ljj/0fdf lal;lhdf !)) k|ltzt, l66L vf]kdf *% k|ltzt / afsL ;a}df

(% k|ltzt k|ult b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] vf]ksf] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df klg oxfFsf] k|ult /fd|f]

/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .


109

tflnsf g+=( wd{b]jLsf] vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f

qm=

;+= ljj/0f

cf=j

@)&@.&#

cf=j

@)&#.&$

cf=j

@)&$.&%

=

! lj=l;=lh / bfb'/f 5% 5% 5%

@

l8=lk=l6, x]kf6fOl6; lj,

PrcfO= le=! / #

5% 5% 5%

#

vf]k gnufPsf

afnaflnsf

5% 5% 5%

;|f]t M :yfgLo :jf:Yo rf}sLx¿ .

oxfF vf]ksf] ljj/0fdf tLgj6f g} cfly{s jif{df lal;lh / bfb'/f vf]k nufpg] % k|ltzt,

l8lk6L vf]kdf % k|ltzt / afsL /x]sf afnaflnsf klg % k|ltzt k|ult b]lvPsf] 5 .

To;}n] vf]ksf] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df klg oxfFsf] k|ult /fd|f] /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

dflysf tflnsfaf6 wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf vf]k / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yf lgSs} /fd|f]

/x]sf] b]lvG5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ pd]/ cg';f/ lbg'kg]{ vf]k k|foM ;a} afnaflnsf / ue{jtL

dlxnfn] lng] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf /fHosf] tkm{af6 Joj:yf ul/Psf]

;a} lsl;dsf ;fdfGo tyf ljz]if vf]k ;]jfx¿ lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] kfOof] ..

;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;xsf/LnfO{ cy{tGqsf] tLg vDaf dWo] Ps dxTjk"0f{ vDaf dfg]sf] 5

. o;y{ ;xsf/Lsf] ljZn]if0faf6 slt dflg;x¿ ;xsf/L sd{df ;nUg 5g\ eGg] s'/f t

hfgsf/L x'G5 g} ;fy;fy} sltn] o;df /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f klg hfGg ;lsG5

. wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf s]xL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf eP klg ;xsf/Lx¿ sd dfqfdf

5g\ .

!= bLkHof]lt dlxnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf, j8f gDa/ #

@= dsfn' lrof tyf slkm pTkfbs ;xsf/L,j8f gDa/ #


110

#= rfFk] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf, j8f gDa/ #

$= xfd|f] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ #

%=rfFk] b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ #

^= dflDnª b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ %

&= dflDnª art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ %

*= efn'9'ª\uf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ ^

(= cfFvLe'O{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf,j8f gDa/ *

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf s]xL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] gfd

lgDfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .

!=l5d]sL a}+s

@= PgPdaL a}+s

#= ;Ne g]kfn

$= lgw{g pTyfg a}+s

%=nfnLu'/fFz n3'ljQ ;+:yf

^= P;lacfO{ a}+s

;~rf/ ;+:yfx¿

!= gofF cleofg PkmPd

@= d"8] ;fKtflxs

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿

;/sf/n] dfgj hLjgsf] ;a} kf6f] x]g{ ;Sb}g . /fHon] jf ;/sf/n] ug{ g;s]sf] If]qdf

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] sfd ;DxfNg ;S5g\ . To;}n] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs

tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ ;fem]bf/sf ¿kdf x]g{ yflnPsf] 5 . wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf


111

If]qsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu oxfF sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] cxd e"ldsf /x]sf]

5 . oxfF sfd ul//x]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] gfd lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .

1. h}ljs ljljwtf aLp a}+s, wd{b]jL–@, ;+v'jf;e

2. /]8qm; zfvf sfof{no,d"9] zlgZr/]

wfld{s u'7L tyf ;+:yfx¿

wfld{s dlGb/, u'Daf tyf rr{x¿ xfd|f wfld[s ;Dkfbf x'g\ . logLx¿ dfgj cfTdf /

;fdflhs zflGtsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . k|To]s JolQm s'g} klg wd{ dfGg :jtGq 5 . t/

klg pm wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / ;fdflhs d"No Pjd\ dfGotfaf6 hsl8Psf] 5 . dflg;

;fdflhs k|f0fL ePsfn] Tof] ;fdflhs aGwgaf6 cnu /xg ;Sb}g . ;dfhsf dflg;df

ljljw wfld{s cf:yf ePkl5 ;f]xL cg';f/ ;dfhdf wfld{s ;+:yfg\x¿ :yflkt x'g] g} eP

. :yfkgf eP klg To;sf] ;';~rfng / Joj:yfkg dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfpF5 . wfld{s

cf:yf;Fu hf]l8P/ ag] klg o; gu/klfnsfsf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts hLjgsf cleGg

c+u wfld{s ;+:yf tyf u'7Lx¿sf] gfd ;"rL tn k|:t't 5 .

!= kfyLe/f dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

@=t]Nnf]s lzjfno dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

#=;fª\u]5\of]sf]ln{ª af}4 u'Daf,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

$= bf]Wof]sf]ln{ª af}4 u'Daf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

%= cf/fwgf rr{, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

^= hn]Zj/ lzj dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– !

&= pBf}ln k"hf,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

*= w'Rofª k"hf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

(= sflnsf b]jL dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

!)= off hLjg rr{, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

!!=o]z's[i7 afOan rr{, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

!@=n]Daf rLg u'Daf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

!#= ;fjflbg 5f]Og u'Daf,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

!$= lt/lt/] lzjfno dlGb/,,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $


112

!%=e08f/L ufpF lzjfno dlGb/, ,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $

!^= x'kf{ lzjfno dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $

!&= a|Dx r}q ;gftg ;fwgf dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf–%

!*= gfu]Zj/L lzjfno dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

!(= s'Gtfª lzjfno dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

@)=s[lZrog rr{, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

@!=:dsf 5]b'ª u'Daf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

@@= ;ofª\ 5]ldª u'Daf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

@#= 6]Daf 5]ldª u'Daf, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

@$= dxfb]jyfg dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– &

@%==eLd;]g dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– &

@^= lv|li6og rr{,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– &

@&= xl/sLt{g dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– *

@*=/fwfs[i0f dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– *

@(= lzj dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– *

#)= lzj dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#!=hfnkfb]jL dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#@= eb|sfnL dlGb/, wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

##, ;'gfv/L , wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#$= k~rsGof dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#%==eujtLb]jL dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#^= lv|li6og rr{,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#&= gfu]Zj/ u'7L dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

#*= l;x]Zj/L dlGb/,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (


113

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldltx¿

jgx¿ ;fd'bflos jg, wfld{s jg, sj'lnot jg, lghL jg cflb ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\

. tL dWo] oxfF wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] ;fd'bflos jgsf] rr{f eO/x]sf] 5 . dflg;

;fdflhs k|f0fL ePsfn] o;sf] hLjg jg;fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . ;dfhsf ljljw wfld{s /

k/Dk/fut sfddf jGopTkfbg dflg;nfO{ cfjZos kb{5 . ToxL eP/ hg;xeflutfdf

jgsf] ljsf; / ;+/If0fsf ug{sf nflu lj=;+= @)%)sf] bzsdf ;fd'bflos jgsf]

cjwf/0ff g]kfndf cfPsf] xf] . oxfF klg ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldltx¿ lqmofzLn

5g\ . oxfF wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf

;ldltx¿sf] ;"rL oyf;+ej /flvPsf] 5 .

!= PsfDeL/ ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

@=eGHofª ;G;f/L ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

#= bzuhf ;G;f/L ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– @

$= cfxfn] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

%=cf]v|f] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

^= b]jLyfg ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

&= sflnsf ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

*= Hofjn] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

(= ;Nn] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– #

!)= h'/y'DsL ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $

!!= ;Nn] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $

!@= x'lDnª ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– $

!#= 6'6] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– %

!$= ofª\lnvfd ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– ^

!%= sfF8] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– ^

!^= afF;3f/L uf]lkgL jgkfnf ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

!&= d't'jfs]jf{ ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (


114

!*= a8f]/ lgufn] ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

!(= l;?jf/L s;]gL ;fd'bflos jg,wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf– (

;/sf/L sfof{nox¿

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf If]qdf gu/kflnsf ;d]t cGo ;/sf/L sfof{{nox¿sf] ljj/0f o;

k|sf/ 5 .

1. wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfof{no

2. j8f sfof{nox¿ ( j6f

3. Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no

4. k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|

5. Onfsf jg sfof{no

6. ljB't k|flws/0f lkmN8 sfof{no

7. cfFvLe'O{cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno

8. O{nfsf e]6]g/L sfof{no

9. O{nfsf x'nfs sfo{fno

10. vf]k s]Gb|x¿

;|f]tM wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfof{no .

;fd'bflos ejgx¿

;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s hd36sf nlu ;fd'bflos ejgsf] k|of]u qmdM a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .

lj:tf/} ;fd'bflos ejgx¿af6 ljjfx, a|taGw h:tf kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs sd{x¿

ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ejgsf] dfu a9\bf] 5 .

kl5Nnf] ;dodf wd{b]jL gu/klfnsfdf ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ lta| ultdf alg/x]sf 5g\ .

ltgLx?sf] ljj/0f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ clwsf+z wd{b]jL

gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ ^ df /x]sf 5g\ .

!= dsfn' ;fd'bflos ejg,wgkf – ^

@= cfR5fd' ;fd'bflos ejg,wgkf – ^

#= r'gf}tL o'jf Sna ;fd'bflos ejg,wgkf – ^

$=;fpg] ;fd'bflos ejg,wgkf – ^

%= a:g]t ufpF ;fd'bflos ejg ,wgkf – ^

^= dflyNnf] s6\jfnufpF ;fd'bflos ejg,wgkf – ^


115

&= sfdL ufpF dxtufpF ;fd'bflos, ejg, wgkf – ^

*= lkn'jf ;fd'bflos ejg, wgkf – *

rf8kj{ / d]nf

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf hgtfn] dgfpg] rf8 kj{ tyf hfqfx¿ s]xL cfkmg} ljlzi6

lsl;dsf 5g\ eg] s]xL /fli6«o k|s[ltsf 5g\ . wd{b]jLsf hgtfn] dgfpg] s]xL k|d'v kj{

tyf rf8x¿ lgDg cg';f/ +x]sf 5g\ .

!= bz}+ M bz}+ lxGb" wd{df cfwfl/t kj{ xf] . of] c;f]h z'Sn KfIfsf] ;KtddL b]lv dgfOG5

. o;df ljz]if u/L zlQmsL b]jLsf] k"hf cf/fwgf x'G5 . b]jLnfO{ anL r9fOG5 / bzdLsf

lbgb]lv b'uf{ ejfgLsf] k|;fb :j¿k 6Lsf hd/f nufpg] rng 5 . z'?df bz}+ lxGb"

wdfjnDaLx¿sf] rf8 eP klg clxn] cfP/ of] /fli6«o kj{sf ¿kdf klxrfg kfPsf] 5 .

;a} wd{sf dflg;n] /fli6«o kj{sf ¿kdf dfGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . kj{sf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf

w]/} lbg ;/sf/L ljbf x'g] klg bz}+ g} xf] .

@= ltxf/ M g]kfnsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] /fli6«o kj{ ltxf/ xf] . of] sflt{s s[i0f cf}+;Lsf lbgb]lv

tLg lbg dgfOG5 . ltxf/ bz}+h:t} lxGb" wd{df cfwfl/t kj{ xf] . o;df ljz]if u/L wgsL

b]jL nIdLsf] k"hf cf/fwgf x'G5 . nIdLnfO{ anL r9fOGg, kmnkm"n / g}j}B r9fP/ /

wg;Dklt ?k}ofF k};fnfO{ nIdLsf ¿kdf k"hf ul/G5 . cf};Lsf lbg ufO{nfO{ nIdLsf]

k|lts dfg]/ k"hf ug]{, /flt bLkfjnL ;lxt nIdL k"hf ug]{ k|rng 5 . . z'?df ltxf/

lxGb" wdfjnDaLx¿sf] dfq rf8 lyof] t/ clxn] cfP/ o;n] /fli6«o kj{sf ¿kdf

klxrfg kfPsf] 5 . ;a} wd{sf dflg;n] /fli6«o kj{sf ¿kdf dfGg] u/]sf 5g\ . ltxf/df

tLg lbg ;/sf/L ljbf lbg] k|rng 5 . ltxf/df vf;u/L oxfFsf du/ ;d'bfosf

dflg;n] x'/f{ gfRg] ub{5g\ . x'/f{ ;fFRr} nf]slk|o ;fd"lxs g[To xf] .

#= tLh M lxGb" dlxnfx¿n] ebf} dlxgfdf kg]{ xl/tflnsf tLh dgfpg] rng 5 . o;

kj{df ljjfx eO{ cfkmgf] 3/ uPsf 5f]/L÷r]nLx¿nfO{ dfOtdf af]nfP/ ljz]if kl/sf/

agfO{ vfg lbg] ul/G5 . 5f]/Lr]nLx¿ e]nf eP/ dfOtL3df a|t a:g],/ftf] ;f8L /

uxgfx¿ nufP/ gfr ufg ug]{ /dfOnf] kj{ssf ¿kdf lthnfO{ lnOG5 .M


116

$= k~rdL a|t M lxGb" dlxnfn] ebf} dlxgfdf kg]{ xl/tflnsf tLhkl5sf] k~rdL

ltlynfO{ a|t a;]/ ljz]if ?kdf dgfpg] rng 5 . o;/h:jnf a]nf 5f]O5fO ePsf] 5

eg] To;sf] kfkaf6 d'lQm kfOof]; eGg] p2]zon] /h:jnf ePsf ljjfxlt tyf cljjflxt

b'j} dlxnfn] a|t lnG5g\ . o; kj{df jif{sf] #^% lbgnfO{ ;Dem]/ ul/g] k~rdL :gfgsf]

ljz]if dxTj 5 .

%= xf]nL M kmfu' k'l0f{dfsf] lbg dgfOg] /ªsf] kj{ xf] xf]nL jf kmfu" . o; lbg

McfkmGthgx¿ e]nf eP/ cfk;df /ª bnfbn u/]/ /dfOnf];Fu dgfpg] ul/G5 .

^= lqm;d; M o]z" lv|i6sf cg'ofoLx¿ tyf O;fO{ wdf{jnDaLx¿ lqm;d; kj{ w'dwfdsf

;fy dgfpg] ub{5g\ . of] kj{ cGt/fli6«o kj{ xf] . ;+;f/el/sf O;fO{x¿n] l8;]Da/ @%

tf/]vsf lbg of] kj{ dgfpg] ub{5g\ .

&= Nxf]5f/ M a'4 wd{dfgg] ;d'bfom] Nxf]5f/ kj{nfO{ w'dwfdsf ;fy dgfpg] ub{5g\ .

*= pFwf}ln ÷pFef}ln M gofF cGg leq\ofpg' cl3 g'jfFuL vfFg] qmddf k"hf ug]{ kj{ pFwf}lw

xf]] . ofVvf, ls/ftx¿sf] of] k/Dk/fut kj{ oxfF ljz]if w"dwfdsf ;fy dgfOG5 . pFwf}ln

d+l;/] k"l0f{dfsf] lbg dgfOG5 . to;}u/L pFef}ln kj{ klg ;f]xL ;d'bfon] a+}zfv] k"l0f{dfsf]

lbg dgfpg] ub{5 . a'4 k"l0f{df ePsf]n] To; lbg cem w'dwfdsf ;fy gfrufg u/]/

kj{ dgfpg] rng 5 . pWf]ln afnL leq\ofpg] a]nf / pFef}ln aLp 5l/;s]kl5 afnL

;lk|of]; eGg] sfdgf ub}{ dgfOG5 .

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfdf ;8s ;~hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf

wd{b]jL sf]zL /fhdfu{ ePsf] gu/kflnsf xf] . sf]zL /fhdfu{sf] $) lsnf]ld6/ If]q o;

gu/kflnsfdf kb{5 . t/ o;sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf lgSs} gfh's 5 . oxfFsf] ;8s

;~hfnsf] cj:yf klg sdhf]/ 5 . lxpFbdf ;8s ;~hfnn] /fd|f] sfd u/] klg jif{fbsf]

;dodf dxTjk"0f{ ;x/x¿;Fu nueu ;Dks{ ljR5]bs} cj:yfdf /xg'kb{5 . cfGtl/s

oftfotsf nflu eg] ;8s ;~hfn /fd|} 5g\ . o;sf] ljj/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+=!) wd{b]jLsf] ;8ssf] cj:yf


117

qm=;+= ;8ssf] gfd b"/L

-lsld_

:t/ jf

cj:yf

;DalGwt

j8f

! km'ªlnª–dfof vf]nf % sRrL @

@ 38]/L 6f/–kfyLe/f $ sRrL @

# /ftdf6]–sf]naf]6] @ sRrL @

$ l;dn]–hf]/wf/f ! sRrL @

% vf]nfkf/L ! sRrL @

^ nv'dfnfª–Sna ejg $ sRrL @

& nv'dfnfª h+unsf] af6f] @ sRrL @

* uf]v]{6f/–rfd]6f/ @ sRrL @

( j8f g+=! –j8f g+= #

hfg]af6f]

% sRrL @

!) e~Hofª–sf]OnL6f/ !=@ sRrL %

!! km\ofª\u'–rkn]6L !=* sRrL %

!@ h/f6f/ s[lif ;8s !=* sRrL %

!# gfu]Zj/L s[lif ;8s !=* sRrL %

!$ s'Gtfª u|fdL0f ;8s !=* sRrL %

!% rfd/fª–yfkfufpF !=% sRrL %

!^ tdf]rf]s–yfkfufpF !=@ sRrL %

!& h}6f/–yfkfufpF !=% sRrL %

!* h}6f/–;fpg] @ sRrL %

!( efn'9'ª\uf–afO;h'/] % sRrL %

@) laxLaf/]–k]mfS;L ofVvf

rf}s

& sRrL ^

@! laxLaf/–wd{b]jL

lsl6ª8f8f

!) sRrL ^

@@ d'9]–efn'9'ª\uf–wd{b]jL % sRrL ^


118

@# ;fpg]–hf]6f/ @ sRrL ^

@$ dfnaf;] d"lt{rf]s–

sfg]9'ª\uf

@ sRrL ^

@% ;'jf/f]–dfdlnª g;{/Lrf]s $ sRrL ^

@^ wd{b]jL gkf–u8]sf] 9'ª\uf !@ sRrL *

@& vf6]kf8/] s[lif ;8s # sRrL *

@* u9]sf] 9'ª\uf x/]af]6] s[lif

;8s

# sRrL *

@( 5k]ln kflvd s[lif ;8s $ sRrL *

#) u8]sf] 9'8\uf–ljxLaf/] s[lif

;8s

% sRrL *

#! u8]sf] 9\ª\uf–ljxLaf/] #=% sRrL &

#@ ;f]daf/]–l;Ds] # sRrL &

## lx6L cfxfn] –hfª\nfª $ sRrL &

#$ ;f]daf/]–a/eGHofª–wd{b]jL & sRrL &

#% a/eGHofª– d]u'jf ^ sRrL &

#^ ljxLaf/]–d"nufpF !) sRrL (

#& s'v'/]kfgL–kfgL Pjfª !^ sRrL (

#* dem'jf s[lif ;8s sRrL #

#( d'9] –dfO;Dem]f/] sRrL #

$) d'9] –s'Gtfª sRrL #

$! hf}6f/–s'Gtfª –;Nn] sRrL #

$@ cf]v|] t]Nnfs]–lub|]6fs'/] sRrL #

$# d'9]–dbfsl;+ª sRrL #


119

$$ 7"nf]vf]nf –cf]vaf]6] % sRrL #

$% d"9]–rf}sL @$ sRrL !

$^ cf]v|]–t]Nnf]s * sRrL !

$& t]Nnf]s–s]s'jf ( sRrL !

$& gf]6M j8f gDa/ $af6 k|fKt ljj/0fdf ;8ssf] gfd / b"/L k|i6

gePsf]n] /fVg ;lsPg .

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfof{no ÷ j8f sfof{nox¿ .


120

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no d"9] zlgZr/], ;ª\v'jf;ef

lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] ljj/0f lgjf{lrt ldltM @)&$ c;f/ !& ut]

qm=;+=

gfd kb j8f gDa/

df]afOn gDa/ s}lkmot

! >L /d]z s'df/ lhdL k|d'v * (*%@)$((&#

@ >L zf]ef l3ld/] pkk|d'v ! (*$@#@((##

# >L hutaxfb'/ sfsL{ j8fWoIf ! (*$@@!&(%# sfo{kflnsf ;b:o $ >Lcfzf dfemL dlxnf ;b:o ! (*!(#)$%#% sfo{kflnsf ;b:o % >L nIdL ljZjsdf{ blnt d= ;b:o ! (*!()$%#$$

^ >L kbd axfb'/ tfdfª j8f ;b:o ! (&$@)$@&#&

& >L g/fof0f lnDa' j8f ;b:o ! (*!^#@(@&%

* >L dgeQm lhdL j8fWoIf @ (*$!%$)%@$ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o ( >L sdnf lhdL dlxnf ;b:o @ (*!&#**$$) sfo{kflnsf ;b:o !) >L dgs'df/L bhL{ blnt d= ;b:o @ (*))(&%@$!

!! >L uh]Gb| axfb'/ v8\sf j8f ;b:o @ (*^@!$#@^)

!@ >L t'n;L u'¿ª j8f ;b:o @ (*!@#$#&*^

!# >L Zofdaxfb'/ kf}8]n j8fWoIf # (*!%#*!$!$ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o !$ >L /]0f'sf dfof u'¿ª dlxnf ;b:o # (*!!#*$!@) sfo{kflnsf ;b:o !% >L 8Da/s'df/L

k~rsf]6L

blnt d=

;b:o # (*!)$!$^(^

!^ >L a'l4/fh u'¿ª j8f ;b:o # (*^@!#!$*&

!& >L /fdsfhL u'¿ª j8f ;b:o # (*!)$%)!#%

!* >L clg?b| l;+ lnª\vf j8fWoIf $ (*%@)%!)#( sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

!( >L uf]dfb]jL rfkfufO{-

kf}8]n_ dlxnf ;b:o $ (*$@$$@&$*

@) >L b'uf{ kl/of/ blnt d= ;b:o $ (*))(&%@@#

@! >L 6+saxfb\/ ;'j]bL j8f ;b:o $ (*!(#(%*)@

@@ >L bfgaxfb'/ l3ld/] j8f ;b:o $ (*$@@#)@&@


121

@# >L pborGb| kf}8]n j8fWoIf % (*$#(@@$)& sfo{kflnsf ;b:o @$ >L lsd" z]kf{ dlxnf ;b:o % (*!$#!&@!% sfo{kflnsf ;b:o @% >L d~h' nfj/ blnt d= ;b:o % (*@$#$@^^*

@^ >L afns'df/ lhdL j8f ;b:o % (*!$#%*#**

@& >L hos'df/ lhdL j8f ;b:o % (*!$##!#&%

@* >L nIdLk|;fb clwsf/L j8fWoIf ^ (*%@)%!##$ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o @( >L lji0f'dfof vqL dlxnf ;b:o ^ (*$@@^@)@& sfo{kflnsf ;b:o #) >L xL/f e"iffn blnt d= ;b:o ^ (*@$(@&^^) sfo{kflnsf ;b:o #! >L 6Lsf/fd lhdL j8f ;b:o ^ (*!@#!%@%$

#@ >L rGb|k|;fb kf]v|]n j8f ;b:o ^ (*$@!)(^*&

## >L ef]nfdfg >]i7 j8fWoIf & (*!@#)(!)* sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

#$ >L lji0f'dfof du/ dlxnf ;b:o & (*!^#^(!!#

#% >L b]jsL bhL{ blnt d= ;b:o & (*!$#@&^&$

#^ >L hgfb{g kf]v|]n j8f ;b:o & (*%@)%!@%#

#& >L ofdaxfb'/ bhL{ j8f ;b:o & (*)%#)$%$%

#* >L ;~hLj s'df/

s6'jfn j8fWoIf * (*$@@&&#^@ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

#( >L /fdzf]ef lhdL dlxnf ;b:o * (*!!)^(^*^

$) >L /flwsf bhL{ blnt d= ;b:o * (*!*^&%)%^

$! >L s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{ j8f ;b:o * (*)$)$@$%*

$@ >L h;axfb'/ /fO{ j8f ;b:o * (*%#%@%!^^

$# >L e"kfndfg s];L j8fWoIf ( sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

$$ >L dLgf sfsL{ dlxnf ;b:o (

$% >L nLnf ljZjsdf{ blnt d= ;b:o (

$^ >L huGgfy s6'jfn j8f ;b:o (

$& >L sdn/fh sfsL{ j8f ;b:o ( (*)&#)%)^*

$* >L clDasf vjf; dgf]lgt ;b:o % (*$@!)^*!!

$( >L kbd aonsf]6L dgf]lgt ;b:o ( (*)#$(#!!$ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

%) >L blndfof lhdL dgf]lgt ;b:o # sfo{kflnsf ;b:o

;|f]t M wd{b]jL gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{no .


122

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ljifout ;ldlt

!= >L sdnf lhdL, ;fof] tyf ;x/L ljsf; ;ldlt ;+of]hs

@= >L /]0f'sf u'¿ª, cfly{s ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o

#= >L kbd axfb'/ tfdfª, ;fdflhs ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o

$= >L xL/f e"iffn k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o

%= >L b]jLdfof lhdL,jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfg ;ldlt ;b:o

^= >L lji0f'dfof dxt, ljw]os ;ldlt ;b:o

&= >L hutaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;b:o

*= >L nIdLk|;fb clwsf/L ;b:o

(= >L pborGb| kf}8]n ;b:o

!)= >L clg?b| l;+ ln+vf ;b:o

!!= >L ef]nfdfg >]i7 ;b:o

!@= >L hgfb{g kf]v|]n ;b:o

!#= >L Zofd kf}8]n ;b:o

!$+ >L e"kfndfg s];L ;b:o

!%= >L dgeQmlhdL ;b:o

!^= >L ;~hLj s'df/ s6\jfn ;b:o

!&= >L uh]Gb| v8\sf ;b:o

!*= >L s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{ ;b:o


wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf sfo{qmd th{'df ;ldlt

!= >L >L nIdLk|;fb clwsf/L ;+of]hs

@= >L hutaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;b:o

#= >L pborGb| kf}8]n ;b:o

$= >L clg?b| l;+ ln+vf ;b:o

%= >L Zofdaxfb'/ kf}8]n ;b:o

^= >L dgeQmlhdL ;b:o



123

wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ;ldlt

!= >L zf]ef l3ld/] ;+of]hs

@= >L xf]dk|;fb kf}8]n ;b:o

#= >L hutaxfb'/ sfsL{ ;b:o

$= >L nIdLk|;fb clwsf/L ;b:o

%= >L pborGb| kf}8]n ;b:o

^= >L clg?b| l;+ ln+vf ;b:o

&= >L Zofdaxfb'/ kf}8]n ;b:o

*= >L dgeQmlhdL ;b:o


wd{b]jL gu/kflnsf

/fh:j k/fdz{ ;ldlt

!= >L zf]ef l3ld/] ;+of]hs

@= >L xf]dk|;fb kf}8]n ;b:o

#= >L nIdLk|;fb clwsf/L ;b:o

$= >L clDasf vjf; ;b:o

%= >L Clifs]z rfkfufO{ ;b:o

^= >L xl/s];L af]u6L ;b:o


1.first part of dharmadevi municipality profile final · 2020. 1. 6. · vir^tpg wk^ gi ogow ## dk@...

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