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1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan)
DECIGO PathfinderDECIGO Pathfinder
Seiji Kawamura, Takashi Nakamura, Kimio Tsubono, Takahiro Tanaka, Ikkoh Funaki, Naoki Seto, Kenji Numata, Shuichi Sato, Seiji Kawamura, Takashi Nakamura, Kimio Tsubono, Takahiro Tanaka, Ikkoh Funaki, Naoki Seto, Kenji Numata, Shuichi Sato, Nobuyuki Kanda, Takeshi Takashima, Kunihito Ioka, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Tomotada Akutsu, Tomomi Akutsu, Koh-suke Aoyanagi, Nobuyuki Kanda, Takeshi Takashima, Kunihito Ioka, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Tomotada Akutsu, Tomomi Akutsu, Koh-suke Aoyanagi, Koji Arai, Yuta Arase, Akito Araya, Hideki Asada, Yoichi Aso, Takeshi Chiba, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Motohiro Enoki, Yoshiharu Koji Arai, Yuta Arase, Akito Araya, Hideki Asada, Yoichi Aso, Takeshi Chiba, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Motohiro Enoki, Yoshiharu Eriguchi, Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, Ryuichi Fujita, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Toshifumi Futamase, Katsuhiko Ganzu, Tomohiro Harada, Eriguchi, Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, Ryuichi Fujita, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Toshifumi Futamase, Katsuhiko Ganzu, Tomohiro Harada, Tatsuaki Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Hayama, Wataru Hikida, Yoshiaki Himemoto, Hisashi Hirabayashi, Takashi Hiramatsu, Feng-Lei Tatsuaki Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Hayama, Wataru Hikida, Yoshiaki Himemoto, Hisashi Hirabayashi, Takashi Hiramatsu, Feng-Lei Hong, Hideyuki Horisawa, Mizuhiko Hosokawa, Kiyotomo Ichiki, Takeshi Ikegami, Kaiki T. Inoue, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hideki Ishihara, Hong, Hideyuki Horisawa, Mizuhiko Hosokawa, Kiyotomo Ichiki, Takeshi Ikegami, Kaiki T. Inoue, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hideki Ishihara, Takehiko Ishikawa, Hideharu Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Ito, Yousuke Itoh, Shogo Kamagasako, Nobuki Kawashima, Fumiko Kawazoe, Takehiko Ishikawa, Hideharu Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Ito, Yousuke Itoh, Shogo Kamagasako, Nobuki Kawashima, Fumiko Kawazoe, Hiroyuki Kirihara, Naoko Kishimoto, Kenta Kiuchi, Shiho Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Yasufumi Kojima, Keiko Hiroyuki Kirihara, Naoko Kishimoto, Kenta Kiuchi, Shiho Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, Hiroyuki Koizumi, Yasufumi Kojima, Keiko Kokeyama, WataruKokeyama, Wataru Kokuyama, Kei Kotake, Yoshihide Kozai, Hideaki Kudoh, Hiroo Kunimori, Hitoshi Kuninaka, Kazuaki Kuroda, Kokuyama, Kei Kotake, Yoshihide Kozai, Hideaki Kudoh, Hiroo Kunimori, Hitoshi Kuninaka, Kazuaki Kuroda, Kei-ichi Maeda, Hideo Matsuhara, Yasushi Mino, Osamu Miyakawa, Shinji Miyoki, Mutsuko Y. Morimoto, Tomoko Morioka , Kei-ichi Maeda, Hideo Matsuhara, Yasushi Mino, Osamu Miyakawa, Shinji Miyoki, Mutsuko Y. Morimoto, Tomoko Morioka , Toshiyuki Morisawa, Shigenori Moriwaki, Shinji Mukohyama, Mitsuru Musha, Shigeo Nagano, Isao Naito, Noriyasu Nakagawa, Toshiyuki Morisawa, Shigenori Moriwaki, Shinji Mukohyama, Mitsuru Musha, Shigeo Nagano, Isao Naito, Noriyasu Nakagawa, Kouji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakano, Kenichi Nakao, Shinichi Nakasuka, Yoshinori Nakayama, Erina Nishida, Kazutaka Nishiyama, Kouji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakano, Kenichi Nakao, Shinichi Nakasuka, Yoshinori Nakayama, Erina Nishida, Kazutaka Nishiyama, Atsushi Nishizawa, Yoshito Niwa, Masatake Ohashi, Naoko Ohishi, Masashi Ohkawa, Akira Okutomi, Kouji Onozato, Kenichi Atsushi Nishizawa, Yoshito Niwa, Masatake Ohashi, Naoko Ohishi, Masashi Ohkawa, Akira Okutomi, Kouji Onozato, Kenichi Oohara, Norichika Sago, Motoyuki Saijo, Masaaki Sakagami, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Shihori Sakata, Misao Sasaki, Takashi Sato, Oohara, Norichika Sago, Motoyuki Saijo, Masaaki Sakagami, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Shihori Sakata, Misao Sasaki, Takashi Sato, Masaru Shibata, Hisaaki Shinkai, Kentaro Somiya, Hajime Sotani, Naoshi Sugiyama, Yudai Suwa, Hideyuki Tagoshi, Kakeru Masaru Shibata, Hisaaki Shinkai, Kentaro Somiya, Hajime Sotani, Naoshi Sugiyama, Yudai Suwa, Hideyuki Tagoshi, Kakeru Takahashi, Keitaro Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Takamori Takahashi, Keitaro Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Hirotaka Takahashi, Ryuichi Takahashi, Ryutaro Takahashi, Takamori Akiteru, Tadashi Takano, Keisuke Taniguchi, Atsushi Taruya, Hiroyuki Tashiro, Mitsuru Tokuda, Masao Tokunari, Morio Akiteru, Tadashi Takano, Keisuke Taniguchi, Atsushi Taruya, Hiroyuki Tashiro, Mitsuru Tokuda, Masao Tokunari, Morio Toyoshima, Shinji Tsujikawa, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Ken-ichi Ueda, Masayoshi Utashima, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Toyoshima, Shinji Tsujikawa, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Ken-ichi Ueda, Masayoshi Utashima, Hiroshi Yamakawa, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Toshitaka Yamazaki, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Chul-Moon Yoo, Shijun Yoshida, Taizoh YoshinoToshitaka Yamazaki, Jun'ichi Yokoyama, Chul-Moon Yoo, Shijun Yoshida, Taizoh Yoshino
Masaki AndoMasaki AndoDepartment of Physics, the University of TokyoDepartment of Physics, the University of Tokyo

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 2
OverviewOverview
Mission payloadMission payload
Noise estimationNoise estimation
Current statusCurrent status
SummarySummary

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 3
OverviewOverview

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 4
DECIGO RoadmapDECIGO Roadmap
Figure: S.Kawamura
2007
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Missio
nO
bjective
Test of key technologiesGW observation at low frequencies
Detection of GW w/ minimum spec.Test FP cavity between S/C
Full GW astronomy
Desig
n
1 S/C1 Fabry-Perot arm
3 S/C1 interferometer
3 S/C,3 interferometer3 or 4 units
DICIGO Pathfinder (DPF)
Pre-DECIGO DECIGO
R&DFabrication
R&DFabrication
R&DFabrication

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 5
DECIGO PathfinderDECIGO Pathfinder
DECIGO Pathfinder (DPF) One small satellite (Weight: ~350kg, Orbit: around the Earth) 30cm Fabry-Perot cavity formed by free masses Stabilized laser source Drag-free control system
Local Sensor
Actuator
Thruster
Scientific observation Low-frequency (0.1-1Hz) GWs Intermediate-mass BHs at the Galactic center Gravity distribution of Earth
Test and demonstration for DECIGO Laser stabilization system Control of Fabry-Perot interferometer Drag-free control system

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 6
DPF SatelliteDPF Satellite
Size : 950mm cubeWeight : 200kgSAP : 940W Battery: 50AHDownlink : 2MpbsDR: 1GByte3N Thrusters x 4
Stabilized Laser
Interferometer Module
Thruster Control Unit
Solar Paddle
Interfererometer Control Unit
Housing Control Unit
Mission Thrusters
Central Processing Unit
Bus Thrusters
Satellite Bus (‘Standard bus’ system)
DPF PayloadSize : 950mm cubeWeight : 150kgPower : 120WData Rate: 800kbpsMission thruster x12
Power SupplySpW Comm.

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 7
DPF Mission OutlineDPF Mission Outline
Orbit: Low-Earth (Altitude 500km), Sun-synchronous orbit (dusk-dawn)
Launcher: Single launch by M-V follow-on (solid rocket booster under development) PBS (Post-Boost stage) for fine orbit insertion
Mission Lifetime: 1 year (nominal)
500km
DP
F
Attitude Control: Gravity-gradient stab. Drag-free control with mission thrusters

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 8
Mission payloadMission payload

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 9
DPF Payload DPF Payload
Fabry-Perot interferometer Finesse : 100 Length : 30cm Test mass : 1kg Signal extraction by PDH
Laser source Yb:YAG laser (1030nm) Power : 25mW Freq. stab. by Iodine cell
Drag-free control Local sensor signal Feedback to mission thrusters
Weight : ~150 kgSize : ~95 cm cube
Upper half of the satellite

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 10
Stabilized laser Stabilized laser
Laser source Yb:YAG laser (1030nm) Power : 25mW Freq. stab. by Iodine absorption line 0.5 Hz/Hz1/2 (at 0.1Hz)
Comparable stability with that by a reference cavity at 0.1Hz
Advantage of I2 stabilization
Less affected by environment Easier ground-base tests Moderate vibration isolation No vacuum system
Disadvantages Less experience
Narrow absorption line at 515nm
Musha-san and Nagano-san’s talks tomorrow

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 11
Main interferometer Main interferometer
Test-mass module Keeps a test inside Local sensor/actuator Launch-lock system Interferometer sensors for fine measurement
Sato-san’s talk tomorrow
Fabry-Perot interferometer Finesse : 100 Length : 30cm Test mass : ~1kg Signal extraction by PDH

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 12
Drag-free and attitude controlDrag-free and attitude control
Drag-free control for demonstration of control system suppression of external disturbances (solar radiation, air drag, …)
Passive + Active stabilization Passive stabilization by gravity-gradient Mast (~30kg) attached for MOI adj. Active drag-free with 12 mission thrusters
Satellite Bus Attitude control at initial phase and fail safe 3N thruster x4, Magnetic torquer x3 Solar sensor, Fiber gyroscope
Requirement: 10-9 m/Hz1/2 (0.1Hz) for satellite disp.
Mast
Moriwaki-san’s talk tomorrow

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 13
DPF SensitivityDPF Sensitivity
Satellite mass : 350kg, Area: 2m2
Altitude: 500kmThruster noise: 0.1μN/Hz1/2
Laser source : 1030nm, 25mW IFO length : 30cmFinesse : 100, Mirror mass : 1kgQ-factor : 105, Substrate: Fused SilicaTemperature : 293K (Preliminary
parameters)
10–2 10–1 100 101 10210–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
10–11
10–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
No
ise
leve
l
[1/H
z1/2
]
Frequency [Hz]
Shot noise
Mirror thermal
Laser Radiation
Laser: 1030nm, 25mWFinesse: 100Mirror mass: 1kgQ–value of a mirror: 106
Cavity length: 30cm
pressure noise
Thruster noise
PM acceleration Noise
Geog
ravity Laser Frequencynoise
Dis
pla
cem
ent
No
ise
[m
/Hz1
/2]

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 14
DPF TargetsDPF Targets
Quasi-normal mode oscillation
Binary inspiral of BHs
103 104 105 10610–1
100
101
102
Ob
serv
able
Ran
ge
Mass [Msolar]
[kp
c, S
NR
=5
]
Galactic Center
BH QNM
BH Inspiral
Detectable with SNR~5
h ~ 10-13 , f ~ 0.3 Hz Distance 10 kpc, m = 105
Msun
h ~ 10-15 , f ~ 4 Hz Distance 10kpc, m = 103
Msun
Science target: Intermediate-mass BHs at GC
KAGAYA

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 15
Noise estimationNoise estimation

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 16
Comparison with LPFComparison with LPF
LPF (LISA Pathfinder)DPF (DECIGO Pathfinder)
Stabilized Laser
Interferometer Module
Thruster Control Unit
Solar Paddle
Interfererometer Control Unit
Housing Control Unit
Mission Thrusters
Central Processing Unit
Bus Thrusters
Purpose Launch
WeightOrbit
Test MassLaser sourceInterferometerSensitivity
Demonstration for LISA
2010Dedicated launcher (Vega)
1,900 kg Halo orbit around L1
Drag-free attitude controlAu-Pt alloy x2
Nd:YAG (1064nm)Mach-Zehnder
3x10-14 m/s2/Hz1/2 (1mHz)
Demonstration for DECIGO GW observation
~2012Dedicated launcher (M-V follow-on)
350 kg SSO altitude 500km
Drag-free attitude controlTBD x2
Yb:YAG (1030nm)Fabry-Perot
1x10-15 m/s2/Hz1/2 (0.1Hz)

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 17
Gravity-gradient noise Gravity-gradient noise
Global gravity field model Public data obtained by GRACE Up to 2190 th-order coefficients in spherical harmonicsSatellite velocity of 5km/sec
Sufficiently small at 0.1Hz band10-7 m/s2 acceleration at low freq.
10–2 10–1 100 101 10210–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
10–11
10–10
10–9
Acc
eler
atio
n N
ois
e [
m/s
2 /Hz1
/2]
Frequency [Hz]
Shot noise
Mirror th
ermal
Laser Radiationpressure noise
Radiation Pressure
of the Sun
PM acceleration Noise
Earth's Tidal force
Satellite moves in the gravity field of Earth

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 18
Geomagnetic noise Geomagnetic noise
Public data at Esashi observatory 1 sample/min data Extrapolate for higher frequency
Two effect by geomagnetic field
10–3 10–2 10–1 10010–6
10–4
10–2
100
102
104
Mag
net
ic n
ois
e [
nT/
Hz1
/2]
Frequency [Hz]
(N–S Direction)
(Vertical Direction)
Geomagnetic FieldFluctuation
S/C motion
S/C Motion
Geomagnetic field model IGRF-10 model (10th generation of International
Geomagnetic Reference Field) Altitude 500km Satellite velocity of 5km/sec
Satellite self-field
Effect of geomagnetic field: smaller than satellite self-field ~10-7 T noise level ~ 1.5 x 10-16 m/s2/Hz1/2
10–2 10–1 100 101 10210–18
10–17
10–16
10–15
10–14
10–13
10–12
10–11
Ac
ce
lera
tio
n N
ois
e [
m/s
2 /Hz1/
2]
Frequency [Hz]
Shot noise
Mirror th
ermal
Laser Radiationpressure noise
Radiation Pressure
of the Sun
PM acceleration Noise
Earth's Tidal force
DPF total
Magnetic-field noise
Fluctuation in geomagnetic field
Satellite motion in magnetic field

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 19
Noise sourcesNoise sources
Residual Gas
Thermal radiation
Magnetic field
Laser freq. noise
Force Acceleration Acceleration noise Displacement noise

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 20
Current StatusCurrent Status

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 21
JAXA’s small satellite seriesJAXA’s small satellite series
Plan to launch 3 small satellites by the year 2015 using next-generation solid rocket booster Reduce time and cost by means of ‘Standard bus system’
Bus weight : ~ 200kg, Bus power : ~ 900W Downlink ~ 2Mbps, Data storage ~ 1GByte 3-axes attitude control SpaceWire-based data processing system
1st mission (2011) : decided to be TOPS (Planetary science)
2nd mission will be selected by 2009 March
5 Candidate missions ERG: Plasma and particle detector for geo-space investigation DPF: GW observation DIOS: X-ray telescope for dark baryon investigation Satellite for Magnet-plasma sail technology demonstration, …
Image CG of TOPS (design has been changed now)

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 22
DPF Current statusDPF Current status
Laser frequency stabilizationMirror and its housing Micro thrusterDrag-free control simulationDetailed design and noise investigation
Submitting Phase-A proposal R&D for core technologies
Proposing to launch in 2012 as 2nd small satellite of JAXA
2005 Jan. Submit a proposal of small GW detector mission2006 Nov. Submit a proposal of GW-detector satellite as DECIGO pathfinder (DPF)2007 Aug. Selected as a Pre-Phase-A mission R&D costs funded
Brief History
Precursor: Small GW sensor (SWIM) to be launched in FY2008
SWIM fixed to SDS-1 satellite (July 11, 2008)

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 23
SWIMSWIM
Sensor module to demonstrate SpW communicationObservation of gravitational waves (10-7 /Hz1/2)Monitor the satellite environment as accelerometers
SWIM : Tiny gravitational-wave detector
Test mass
Photo sensor
Coil
TAM: Torsion Antenna Module with free-falling test mass (Size : 80mm cube, Weight : ~500g)
Reflective-type optical displacement sensorSeparation to mass ~1mmSensitivity ~ 10-9 m/Hz1/2
6 PSs to monitor mass motion
~47g Aluminum, Surface polishedSmall magnets for position control
Used for test-mass position controlMax current ~100mA
2 TAMs in the
frame

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 24
SWIMSWIM
Small module for demonstration of SpaceWire-based data processing system
SWIM (Space wire demonstration module)Total system Size : 220x200x180 Weight ~ 5.6 kg Power ~ 14 W
One of main missions of SDS-1
CPU: HR5000 (64bit, 33MHz) System Memory: 2MB Flash Memory 4MB Burst SRAM 4MB Asynch. SRAM Data Recorder: 1GB SDRAM 1GB Flash Memory SpW: 3ch
Comprised of SpaceCube2 and SWIM
SpaceCube2: Space-qualified Computer
SWIM : User Module Processor test board GW+Acc. sensor FPGA board DAC 16bit x 8 ch ADC 16bit x 4 ch 32 ch by MPX Torsion Antenna x2 ~47g test massSize: 71 x 221 x 171
Weight: 1.9 kg Power: 7W
Power ±15V, +5V SpW x2 for CMD/TLM
Data Rate : 380kbps Size: 124 x 224 x 174 Weight: 3.5 kg Power: ~7W
Power +28V RS422 for CMD/TLMGPS signal
SDS-1 Bus System
Current status: Fixed to SDS-1 CMD/TLM checked
Photo by JAXAPhoto by JAXA

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 25
SDS-1SDS-1
Small satellite for demonstration of space technologies
SDS-1 (Small Demonstration Satellite)
Size : 70x70x60cm,Weight : 100kgPower : >100W, Downlink : ~5kbps Orbit : SSO (~660km)Spin stabilization and 3-axis attitude controlMission Lifetime : ~Half year (nominal)
Launch: FY2008 by H-IIA (piggy-back)
http://www.iat.jaxa.jp/info/prm/2007/019/01.html
SDS-1 and GOSAT (Press Release, November 4, 2008) Photo from Nainich Newspapser Web

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 26
SummarySummary

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 27
SummarySummary
One small satellite (Weight: ~350kg, Orbit: around the Earth) 30cm Fabry-Perot cavity formed by free masses Stabilized laser source Drag-free control system
Local Sensor
Actuator
Thruster
Gravitational-wave observationTest and demonstration for DECIGO
DECIGO Pathfinder: First precursor satellite for DECIGO
Selected and funded as one of the candidates of JAXA’s small satellite missions Hoping to be launched in 2012
Observation band : 0.1Hz-1HzTarget : IBHs at the Galactic center

1st International LISA-DECIGO Workshop (November 12-13, 2008, JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, Japan) 28
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