8/14/2019 1.Tebao

1/37

T bo thc vt

Mc tiu bi hc

Trnh by c cc phn ca mt t bo, v cs cu to ca 1 t bo thc vt

Trnh by c cu to v s bin i ca vch tbo

Phn tch cc thnh phn c vai tr quan trng

trong hot ng sng ca t bo TV.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

2/37

1. Khi nim

L n v cu to sinh l c bn ca cc c th sng.

T bo gm 2 loi:

TB ca sinh vt tin nhn

TB ca sinh vt nhn thc

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

3/37

- Kch thc nh (10-100 m) khng nhn thy bng mtthng, Mt s t c kch thc ln nh t bo si lanh,tp bi- C th sinh sn v ch xut hin nh qu trnh phn chiaca t bo tn ti trc- S lng t 1 n vi trm ngn t trong mt c th sng

1. Khi nim

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

4/37

2. Chc nng ca t bo

-C mng chn chn lc

- Tha hng v truyn vt liu di

truyn cha chng trnh m ha ditruyn

- Thc hin chuyn ho

- Vn ng (di chuyn t bo v ccthnh phn bn trong t bo)

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

5/37

3. Cu to ca t bo thc vt

Vch t bo

- Cht nguyn sinh

- Nhn

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

6/37

Lp celluloza, Lp pectin, Gian bo,

Si lin bo, Mng ng. sinh cht Mng khng bo

Khng bo

Cht t bo Git du Ti th Lc lp Ht trong lc lp

Ht tinh bt Nhn

Mng nhn

Hch nhn Li nhim sc ca

nhn

S CU TO T BO THC VT

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

7/37

S SIU CU TO T BO THC VT

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

8/37

-Mng pecto-celluloza

- Mng nguyn sinh cht

3.1. Vch t bo

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

9/37

gm c 2 lp:

Lp cellulose: To thnh 1 v cng xungquanh t bo. l mt polysaccarid(C6H10O5)n, khng tan trong nc vcc dung mi khc, tan trong thuc thSchweitzer (sun pht ng trongamonihydroxyt), bn vng vi nhit cao (c th un ti 200oC),

3.1.1. Mng pecto-cellulose

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

10/37

c tnh mm do (c th un congc),

nhum mu hng vi son phn.Mt s rt t ng vt n c (tru,

b, d), phn hu c cellulose nh vikhun trong ng tiu ho hay mt sNm.

3.1.1. Mng pecto-cellulose

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

11/37

Lp pectin: Lp gn cc lp cellulose ca cc tbo bn cnh vi nhau . l 1

polysaccarid phc tp, khng tan trongnc cng nh cc dung mi khc, to cckhong gian bo trong t bo m mm.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

12/37

Mng cellulosa c s tng trng thcp

Dy ln bmt pha trong ca tb, li nhng l nh trong c si linbo, m bo s trao i cu cc tbo cnh nhau

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

13/37

S bin i ca vch t bo

1. S ho g: nhum xanh vi xanh methylenv lc iod.2. S ho khong: SiO2 h Ci

(Cyperaceae), h la (Poaceae); CaCO3 gp mtl v thn cc cy h B (Cucurbitaceae)

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

14/37

S bin i ca vch t bo

3. S ho bn : bn cht lipitc gi l bn (suberin), khng thmnc v khng kh.

4. S ho cutin: mng ngoi cat bo ph thm 1 cht c bn cht

lipit gi l cutin, to thnh lp bo v,gi l tn cutin.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

15/37

5. S ho sp: mt ngoi t bo c ph 1 lpsp mng thng gp v qu b, thn cy ma

6. S ho nhy

S bin i ca vch t bo

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

16/37

3.1.2. Mng nguyn sinh cht

- L lp lipoprotein bao quanh ton b

ni dung ca t bo (nguyn sinh chtv nhn)

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

17/37

3. 2. Cht nguyn sinh

L phn sng ca cht t bo, gm ccth sng nh: cc th lp (lp lc, lp

mu v lp khng mu), th t (ti th),th li (bmy Golgi). V phn khngsng (th vi) gm c khng bo, ht

tinh bt, tinh th v cht du m

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

18/37

3.2.1. Phn c tnh cht sng:

3.2.1.1. Cht tbo:

- Lun tn ti di dng gel hocsol (c tnh n hi v c nht),

chuyn ng Brown; T0 cht = 50-600C (ht hoc qu kh ln ti 80 -1050C)

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

19/37

Siu cu trc cht t boCht t bo c gii hn vi khung t bo bimng sinh cht nm st vi mng cellulosa, v mngkhng bo, cc mng ny c cu trc lipoprotein baogm:

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

20/37

Vai tr sinh l:

V cht t bo tn ti nhmt cht sng nn n

mang y cc tnh cht sng nh h hp, sinhdng, tng trng v vn ng.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

21/37

3.2.1.2 Th t:

Hnh dng: ht hoc si

Kch thc: 0,5 1,5 Mm

V tr: nm ri rc trong cht t bo, chim 18% khi lng t bov khong 22% khi lng cht t bo.

Cu to: Mng ngoi

Mng trong: mang nhiu ht oxysom l mt enzym xc tc qutrnh oxy ho

Mo g

Cht nn Vai tr sinh l: Th t l nh my nng lng ca t bo. Qu trnh

xy ra nh s hp thu oxy v gii phng CO2 v nc cng vinhng nng lng cn thit cho hot ng sng ca t bo.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

22/37

3 2 1 3 Th l

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

23/37

3.2.1.3. Th lp:

Tu theo mu sc ca cc lp m phn chia lm 3 loi lp: lp lc,

lp mu v lp khng mu.

Lp lc: N/v ng ho cy xanh v to (thc hin qu trnhquang hp gii phng nng lng); thng c mu xanh lc.

Lp mu: N/v quyn r su b th phn hoc pht tn qu; lcc hp cht carotenoid, mang mu vng cam (c rt, gc), (cchua, t) v vng (l cy rng vo ma thu)

Lp khng mu: N/v to tinh bt do glucid ho tan trong t botp trung rt nhiu lp khng mu

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

24/37

Lc lp

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

25/37

Lc lp

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

26/37

Phn khng c tnh cht sng.

L nhng th nh b trong t bo, nicha nhng cht d tr hoc cn b, baogm th vi v khng bo

Th vi loi tinh bt: tinh bt, hnh dngtinh bt mi loi cy l khc nhau nn

c p dng trong cng tc nghin cukim nghim thuc

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

27/37

Th vi loi protid: ht alronTh vi loi lipid: l sn phm thi cu qu trnhchuyn ho t bo, gm c (i) du m (ii) tinh du (

Rutaceae), iii) nha, gm.Th vi loi tinh th: l cht b kt tinh, hay gp nhtl Ca oxalat (CaC2O4 v CaCO3)

Phn khng c tnh cht sng.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

28/37

Khng bo

l nhng khong trng trong t bo,cha y cht lng gi l dch khng bo.

l ni tch lu cht cn b v d tr,ngoi ra n cn c vai tr quan trng nh tnhthm thu cu dch t bo m biu hin r nht hin tng co nguyn sinh.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

29/37

Khng bo

Thnh phn ho hc :Nc: 90-95% (ht chn: 5%)CaSO4, ,CaCO3..

Acid hu c: a. oxalic, a.malic, a. tactric..Alcaloid: nicotin, strychnin, morphin, quinin, cafein..Glycosid: saponin, digitalin, neriolin..

Tanin

Anthocyan: cht mu lm hoa qu c mu , lam, tm..Vitamin: B1, C, A, E.

Nha, gm, tinh du...

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

30/37

Inulin trong cthc dc

Tinh thanthoxyan trong

t bo l c cICc loi ht tinh bt

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

31/37

Tinh th CaCO3

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

32/37

Tinh th CaC2O41- 5 t cung l

Begonia6, 7 t vy Allium8, 9 t vy hnh10-13 t cung lchanh

14, 15 t v Ilex16, 17 t v Aesculus

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

33/37

3.3. Nhn t bo

Mi t bo c 1 nhn , tuy nhin trong mt s giaion pht trin ca Nm ti v Nm m, thy c2 nhn . Vi khun khng c nhn in hnh m chl 1 th nhn.

Hnh dng: thng hnh cu, c th ko di rathnh hnh bu dc hoc dt tu theo giai onpht trin.

Kch thc: trung bnh 5- 50 m

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

34/37

3.3. Nhn t bo:

Cu to: gm mng nhn, cht nhn v hch nhn

Mng nhn

Cht nhn

Hch nhn: giu ARN, quyt nh vai tr sinh lca nhn

Vai tr sinh l: (i) duy tr v truyn cc thng tin di

truyn; (ii) iu ho cc sn phm quang hp to thnh tinh bt.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

35/37

HNH DNG NHN T BO THC VT

1-3. Nhn ca tbo rHyacinthus

4. Nhn T boOrnithogalum

5,6 . Nhn t bocung lPelargonium

7. Nhn t bo Lhi (Aloe)

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

36/37

Nui cy m t bo thc vt

1. Nguyn tc- S dng bt k mt phn nh c th thc vt, nui

cy trong iu kin mi trng thch hp to nn

mt c th hon chnh.2. Cc bc tin hnh- Kh trng mu (HgCl2).- Nui cy trong mi trng thch hp (BAP, NAA..)

ra chi- Chuyn mi trng kch thch ra r (b sung CHST)- a ra bu, hun luyn cy trong nh knh.- a ra vn.

8/14/2019 1.Tebao

37/37

Cy Mng tang