2. kalaboukas

/Glossologia 19 (2011) 9-22 http://glossologia.phil.uoa.gr

pi

pi pi pi

pi pi pi

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the variation phenomenon pertaining to the formation of certain types of scholarly verbs derived from the archaistic verb , practically obsolete in Modern Greek. The problem mainly concerns the morphological representation of some contrasts, which are associated with the grammatical category of verbal aspect, as well as with the reference form of the abstract verb lexeme, which in Greek is the 1st person singular of the Present Indicative. We first take a brief look at the grammatical category of verbal aspect, with emphasis on distinctions that are functional in the morphological system of Modern Greek. Then, we focus on the description and interpretation of the unconsummated linguistic change, providing an indicative survey of the trend based on electronic corpora, but without attempting to predict with certainty whether and when this change will be ended. Furthermore, we examine various attempts to arrest the current variability and to prescribe the morphology of these verbal forms in the frame of language standardization, since prescriptivism is a common practice in language communities with a long tradition of literacy and prestigious literary works and therefore with conservative and even reactionary metalinguistic beliefs. Finally, we try to illuminate the causes of several puristic and often deeply pessimistic estimates for the future of the Greek language, as well as the commonest arguments put forward by their followers in order to support them. -: , , pi, pipipi,

1. pipi pi

pi pi pi pi pi

() .1 pi , pi

( pi, // pi/pi/pi, pi/ pi/pi .pi.), , pi

(.. pi pi/pi pi ). pi ,

, pi

, . pi, pi

pi , pi

, pi pi

,

pi pi

pi . ,

pipi pi

pi pi pipipi,

pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi

: pipi (, ), pi . - pipi 2009-2010. 1 pi pi pi (= pi, ) pi pi pi pipi , pi , pi pi , ..

.

pi - /Glossologia 19 (2011) 9-22

10

pi . pipi pipi

, pi ,

pi pi pi pi pi pi

.

2.

2 (.-. aspect, . vid) pi 3

pipi , pi ,

pi pi pi pi

pi , pi pi

pi , , pi , pi pi

, . ,

pi pi

, pi pi

pi pi pi

pi . pi pi pipi pi

pi pi pi ,

pi pi pi

(pi/), pi pipi pi ( pi/) pi pi pi pi pi pi (). pipi pi pi (. Aktionsart, . lexical/inherent/situation aspect), , pi

pi pi pi

pi pi.4

pi

pi , (pi. pi , pi , pi

pi pi

pi pipi pi pi

pi , ). pi

pi , pi

pi . pi ,

/, pi pi pi, (2005, 2008: 74, pi. 4)

2 pi . pi pi ( 1941:

312-313, pi 19983: 362-363), pi (pipi & 1967: 146-148) pi Mackridge (1990: 169-170) pi pi. pi (1994, 2008) pi pi, pi pi pi Mirambel (1978), pi pi pi pi pi . 3 pi, pi, pi

pi

, pipi pi pi , pi pipi

pi pi pi pi

. 4 pi pipi ., , Comrie

(1976), Langacker (1987), Verkuyl (1993), (1994, 2005, 2008) Crystal (2003, pi ).


11

pi pi : ) pi pi, pi

pi ) pi pipi pi pi pi,

pipi pi pi ( ) , pi. , pipi

:5

pi pi

pi pi pi pipi

pi /-s-/ pi /-t-/ /--/, pi pipi , pi

pi pi ( /-n-/ /-z-/). pi pi pipi ( ), pi pi pipi: pi.. - - -, - - - [=/ps//ft/ ] ..6 pipi , pi pi pi,

. pi

pipi pipi, pi , ,

, pi pi

(, ...): .. pi/pi pi/pi pi, , , - /- -, pi-pi pi-pi pi-pi, pi pi pi, - -

-, /- -/ - ...

5 . pi, pi pipipi pi. 2, Mirambel (1978: 117-127), Mackridge (1990:

171-213), Holton .. (1999: 112-114) & pipi (2005: 459-465). 6 pi

. pi (pi.. pi) pi (pi), pi pi pi pi pi. pi pi pi pi

=pi = pi ,

pi pipi pipi.


12

3. pi :

3.1. pi pi ,

pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi , pi

pi pi/ , pi .7 , , pipi pi

pi (), pi pi pi . ,

pipi pi pi, pi pipi

pi pi pi pi,

, pi

pi pi pi pi (pi), pi pipi pi , pi pi pi.

8 , pi

pi pi pi

, pi pipi pi

pi pi . pi pi

pi

. , pi , pipi

pi pi pipi,

pi , pi , pi pi pipi

pi pi : .. > (. > .), > (pi. > pi.) ... pi pi pi pi pi

.9

pi pi , pi

pi pi pi , pi

pi pi ,

pi:

) pipi () pi pi pi pi pipi (- = pi) (- = pi),

pi: ( pi) (pi) () pi: ( pi) () : ( pi) (pi) () pi pi: // ( pi) // (pi). ( pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi ). ) pipi pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi

pi pi

pi pi pi /-s-/:

7 . pipi (20022: ) . . 3.2.

8 pi pipi pi . (2005:

138-203) pi (2008: 177-206). 9 pi pi . pipi-Warburton (1992: 85-86).


13

// pi ( pi) // pi (pi pi).

) pi pi pi pi, pi pi pi

pi pi pi : / / pi (pi pi) // pi ( pi) // pi ( pi pi pi ).

) , pi pi pi, pi , pi pi pi pi pi

: pi, , pi, , pi, , pi, , .

pi pi pi

pi

pipi pi, pi

pi /-s-/ pi pi pi, pi , pi

pi-, pi pi pi , pi.

( /), ( /*) ( )10 pi pi ,

pi . pi pi

,

, pi , pi pi

pi, pi pi,

pi pi

pi pi

pi pi pi pi.

pi ,

pi pi pi. pi

pi pi pi pi pi

pi

(variability/variation), pi pi

10 pi pi ( pi )

pi ( ) , pi pi , (pi ). , pi pi , /i/: --, --, -- < *j-j- . pi, pi , pi

pi (pi.. ---, ---), pi pi, pi pi pi

: .. -- (. (F)-), -- (. -, -), -- (. -, -).

, pi , pi --

( - -- pi *-) ---- < *--j-, pi pi pipi pi pi, , pi pipi

pi, pi pi pi pi.

, pi , -, *-, - --

pi pi , pi pi

pi pi pi ( pi ) , , pi - < -- < *-F- < *-F-

F- (. F-, F-), --- (. -, -, -, -) -- (. -, *- > -), pi pi pi pipi pi pi,

pi, pi pi. ( . Sihler 1995: 563a).


14

pi pipi pi

. pi pi pi

, .

pi, pi pipi

, pi

pi pipi

.

pi pi

, pi pi pi

pipipi11

(standardization), pi pi pi pipi pi pi

pi .

pi pi pi

12

(, pi ..), pi . pi

pipipi pipi , pipi/pi/ (standard) (norm),13 pi pi , pi pi. pi

, pi pi

pi , , pi

pi pi ,

pi pipi , pi pi pi

pi. pi pipi

pi

pi pi, pi pi

pipi .

pi pi pi pi

pipi pi , pi

pi pi pi pi

pi. pi pipi pi pi

pipi pi pi pi

pi pi pi.

pi pipi pi

pi pi pi pi pipi pi

pi. pipi Google, pi pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi

pi 14

( pi() pi pi

11 . Milroy & Milroy (19913: 1-23), Romaine (1994: 84-95),

(1999), (2001) (2005). 12

, pi pi

pi .

pi pi pi pi ,

pi . 13

pipi pi . Franois-Geiger (1991: 39-50), Bourdieu (1999: 57-90) (2004, 2005) pi. pipipi pi. 11. pi (1999: 835) standard pi pi. 14

. pi Google pi pi pi pi pi pi pi pi: : 21.100 : 39.200 : 148.000 : 185.000 : 51.100 : 229.000 pi: 11.100 pi: 284.000 : 54.500 pi: 131.000 pi: 20.500 : 288.000 ...


15

), pi pi pi pi () pi, pi pi

pi pi. , pi pi

pi ,

pi pi pi pi.

pipi ) ) pi pipipi pi pi

pipi ( pipi) pi . pi , pi pi pi

pi pipi

pi (pi: pi-- > pi-- (pi) pi-- > pi-- (pi) ). pi pi pi pi ,

pi, pi pi pipi

pi pi Google, pi pi . pipi pi

pi ( pi pipi pi) pi pi, pi pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi/. pi, pi pi pipi pi

pi , pi pi

pi (.. * (), * , * pi ...).

, pipi , pi

pi pi pi pi

, pi.

pi pi pi pi

(. ) , pi (), (), (), () pi(), pi(). pi pi ,

pi pi pi(). pi pi ,

.

pi , (Holton .. 1999: 174, & pipi 2005: 1090 & ..: 183) - ( ) , pi pi pi pi pi

pi pi,

pi. pi pi pi

( 1995, 1998, pipi 20022), pi (19983: 402-403) pi pi pi pi pi/pi < , pi pi pi

pi . pi

, pi (1941) pi pi , pi pi ,


16

pi pi, pi

.

(18572), pi () pi . pi pi (2008, 8-10-2009) pi (11-9-2006).

3.2. pi () pi pi pi

pi 15

16

pi pi pi , pi

. pi

pipi (20022):

, , ( .. ..: pi):

pi pi pipi, pi

pi , pi pi

- -,

pi pi.

pi

pi pi

(Vrennus 30-3-2007, 2000, 16-10-2009), (pipi 13-9-2009), pi ( 16-10-2009), (Vrennus 30-3-2007), ( 31-3-2009), (sic) ( 16-10-2009),

15 . (2006).

16 pi (19913: 235), pi (199617-19977: . 42-43, . 63-65), (2000),

pi (2005: 72) bloggers, .


17

( 2000) ( ..), (Vrennus 30-3-2007), pi ( 15-12-2009), pi (pipi 13-9-2009) pi .. pi pi, .

pipi pi pi pi,

pi pi pi ,

pi , pi pi

pi,

pi , pi pi

pi pi. ,

pi pi pi ,

pi pi -. pipi pi

pi pi pi pi pi ,

pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi ( pi) pi pi pi.

pi pi pi pi pi

pipipi pi , pi

pi , pi

pi (sic), 17 , pi, pi /// pi, // pi . pi pi

pi pi : ) pi pi pi /, //

( . . ), pi (pi. . .)/() pi , (LSJ9, 1949: ) ) , pi ,

pi pi pi pi,

. pi,

pi pipi

. (2008) pi pi pi pi, , pi 19 20 , pi pi (. , ) (. , ).

pi

pi pi pi , pipi pi

pi ,

pipi pi

( 31-3-2009). pi pi pi

pi . , pi, pi

pi pi

pi , pi pi

pi pi pipi

pi pi pi pi ( 2000). , pi pi (25-12-2009), pi

17 pi , pipi

pi pi pi, pi , pi .


18

pi pi

pi pi

produce!

4. pi pi pi

pi pi. pi

,18

pi pi

, pi pi /

19 pipi (registers)

pi

pipi , pi pi pi,

pi .

pi pi

pi. pi

,

, , pi pi pi pi pi

, pi pi

pi.

pi , pi pi pi

pipi pi ,

pi pi, pi.

pi pi

pipi , pi pi pi

pi pi pi .

pi pi pi pipi

pi pi pi pipi

, pi

pi . pi

pi pi pi

, pi pi pi.

pi pi

pi pi pipi

pi

, pi pi - (.. , , , ...), , , , pi pi pi pi ( -), pi , pi

.

18 . Aitchison (20013: 55-67)

& (20042: 82-85). , pi pi pi,

pi pi, ,

pi pi pi . pi

pi pi pi (pi A. Gramsci) . pi pi pi pi .. (J. L. Fischer) ... pi pi , pi ,

pi pi . 19

. & (20042: 165-172), pi (2000: 123-127) .


19

pi pi pi

: ) pi pi pi

pi . pi pi

pi pi pi /-s-/ ( pi pipi ), pi pi , pi pi () (pi) pi pi. , pi

pi , pi

pipi, : pi: pi (500), (1.840) pi (274), (13.800) (6) (218) (2) (176) : pi (514), (43) pi (102), (1) pi (105), (1) pi (349),20

) pi pi pi pi pi pi pi. pi pi,

, pi pi pipi. pi

, , pi pi -,

pi pi

pi /-ksaa-/ pi /-ksaks-/: pi.. () (). pi pipi pipi, pi pi

pi pi pi

pi, .

) pi pi(), pi - pi , pi pipi pi, pi

.

, pi , pi pi pi

pi ) pi pi, pi pi pi ( pi + -) pi pi pi pi pi

pi pipi . pi pipi,

, pi pi

pi , pi pi pi .

pi pi pi, pi

pi pi pi pi

. pi , pi

pipi pi pi pi. pi

pi pipi

(literacy) pi pi, pi pi pi pi pi pipipi pi, pi

pi, pi pi,

. pi pi

, pi pipi

pi pi pi pi pi

.

20 pi pi Google.

pi pi pi pi ,

pi pipi.


20

: pi pi Google

. pi pi pi ( pi ) Google

pi/pi 3.480/2.520 1/0 pi/pi 1.870/4.930 0/0 pi/pi 29.800/111.000 72/32

pi/pi 9.530/17.200 7/5 pi/pi 11.400/1.880 1/4 pi/pi 75.100/47.900 24/8

. pi pi

Google // 23.400/8.750/4 // 36.800/19.400/272 pi/pi/pi 2.570/21.800/9

pi/pi/pi 19.900/4.820/1 // 49.500/13.700/194 // 287/187/4

// 9.400/10/5 pi/pi/pi 14.400/1.620/6 pi/pi/pi 2.340/21.600/2

pi/pi/pi 11.900/4.240/3.560

. pi (pi) Google

// 4/1/0 // 840/1.820/3

pi/pi/pi 15.700/11.400/6.900 pi/pi/pi 1.020/391/1

// 1.140/446/0 // 752/3.090/2 pi/pi/pi 160/15.300/1 // 11.800/11.400/228

. pi

Google pi / 185/1 pi / 885/5 pi pi/pi 1.380/2.490 pi pi/pi 107.000/136

pi / 16.100/261 pi pi/pi 96.900/101 pi pi/pi 721/1.090 pi / 12.700/2.090 pi pi/pi 2.750/693 pi / 35.200/245 pi / 17.100/9

pi pi/pi 93.600/1 pi pi/pi 707/183 pi / 38.900/103


21

: pipi 29 31/3/2010 pi Google (http://www.google.gr) pi (http://hnc.ilsp.gr/statistics.asp). Google, pi pi pi pi

pi pi pi pi pi

pi. pi , pi ,

pi pi .

pi Google, pipi pi pi , , pi pi

, . , pi pi

pipi (pi , ), pi pi pi pi pi pi,

, pi . pi, pi

pi pi pi , pi

pi (, , ) pi pi pi/ pi . pi pi pi, pi pi pi pi pi .

Aitchison, J. 20013. Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16-10-2009. *pi *pi. * *pi.

*pi *pi. : http://glottalanthanousa.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post.html.

15-12-2009. pi . : http://apaideias.blogspot.com/2009/12/blog-post_6556.html.

, . & , . 20042. . : . , . 25-12-2009. pi. :

http://theophilosvamvakos.blogspot.com/2009/12/blog-post_25.html. , . .. . :

http://users.otenet.gr/~vamvakos/swstaellinika.html. Bourdieu, P. 1999. . : . , ., pipi, . & , . .. . , ,

. : . Comrie, B. 1976. Aspect. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Crystal, D. 2003. . : . 2006. pi pi pi; :

http://www.translatum.gr/forum/index.php?topic=6484.0) Franois-Geiger, D. 1991. . : . (.) 31-3-2009. pi; :

http://mundusphilologiae.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_31.html. Holton, D., Mackridge, P. & pipi-Warburton, . 1999. .

: . 1998. . :

.

, . 1999. pipi . .-. (pi.) pi : . , 1997. : , 835-844.

, . 2001. pipi. : http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/studies/guide/thema_b4/index.html.

, . 19913. . : pipi. , . & pipi, . 2005. : -

pi. : . , . 1995. . : .


22

Langacker, R. W. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. & Jones, H. S. 19409 [=LSJ9]. A Greek-English Lexicon. With a revised

supplement (1996). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Mackridge, P. 1990. . : . , . 2000. pi ( ): . :

http://www.cyta.com.cy/pr/newsletter/Archive2000/March/Glossika/glossika.htm. Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. 19913. Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. London/New

York: Routledge. Mirambel, A. 1978. . . :

pi, .

, . 1994. pi . : 30. , . 2005. pi . : 67. , . 2008. , pi. , ., pi-

, ., pi, . & -pi, . (pi.). . : , 71-82.

, . 2004. . Cogito 1, 70-71. , . 2005. pipi. Cogito 2, 57-58. , . 2005. pipi . Cogito 3, 56-57. pipi, . & , . 1967. . . pipi, . 20022. . : . pi, . 2000. . : . pi, . 2008. : . :

.

pi, . 2005. . : . pi, . 199617-19977. . : . pipi, . 13-9-2009. : pi/pi. :

http://feleki.wordpress.com/2009/09/13. , . 2005. . : . Romaine, S. 1994. Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press. , . 2008. pi: .

: http://www.sarantakos.com/language/paraksei.html. , . 8-10-2009. pi pi. :

http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2009/10/08/paraksei/. Sihler, A. 1995. New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin. New York/Oxford: Oxford

University Press. , . 18572. . . , . 1949. . . (.) 11-9-2006. . :

http://periglwssio.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post_11.html. , . 1941. ( ). : , pi.

.

pi, . 19983. . : . pipi-Warburton, . 1992. . : . , . & , . .. . , , ,

. : . Verkuyl, B. J. 1993. A Theory of Aspectuality: The Interaction between Temporal and Atemporal

Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vrennus (.) 30-3-2007. . :

http://vrennus.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html.

2. kalaboukas

Documents