2 lampiran pengelolaan air irigasi.doc
TRANSCRIPT
Tabel 3.2. Harga prosentase rata-rata harian ( p ), jam siang tahunan untuk lintang berbeda-beda
UtaraLintang
Selatan
Jan.
Juli
Feb.
Agst.
Maret
Sept.
April
Okt.
Mei
Nop.
Juni
Des.
Juli
Jan.
Agst.
Feb.
Sept.
Maret
Okt.
April
Nop.
Mei
Des.
Juni
60 o
58565452
5048464442
4035302520151050
0.150.160.170.180.19
0.190.200.200.210.21
0.220.230.240.240.250.260.260.270.27
0.200.210.210.220.22
0.230.230.230.240.24
0.240.250.250.260.260.260.270.270.27
0.260.260.260.260.27
0.270.270.270.270.27
0.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.270.27
0.320.320.320.310.31
0.310.310.300.300.30
0.300.290.290.290.280.280.280.280.27
0.380.370.360.360.35
0.340.340.340.330.33
0.320.310.310.300.290.290.280.280.27
0.410.400.390.380.37
0.360.360.350.350.34
0.340.320.320.310.300.290.290.280.27
0.400.390.380.370.36
0.350.350.340.340.33
0.330.320.31*0.310.300.290.290.280.27
0.340.340.330.330.33
0.320.320.320.310.31
0.310.300.300.290.290.280.280.280.27
0.280.280.280.280.28
0.280.280.280.280.28
0.280.280.280.280.280.280.280.280.27
0.220.230.230.230.24
0.240.240.240.250.25
0.250.250.260.260.260.270.270.270.27
0.170.180.180.190.20
0.200.210.210.220.22
0.220.230.240.250.250.260.260.270.27
0.130.150.160.170.17
0.180.190.200.200.21
0.210.220.230.240.250.250.260.270.27
Tabel 3.4.a. Harga Ra dalam evaporasi ekivalen ( mm/hari )
Lintang Belahan bumi utaraJan. Feb. Maret April Mei Juni Juli Agst. Sept. Okt. Nop. Des.
50o
48464442
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
3.84.34.95.35.9
6.46.97.47.98.3
8.89.39.810.210.7
11.211.612.012.412.8
13.213.613.914.314.715.0
6.16.67.17.68.1
8.69.09.49.810.2
10.711.111.511.912.3
12.713.013.313.613.9
14.214.514.815.015.315.5
9.49.810.210.611.0
11.411.812.112.412.8
13.113.413.713.914.2
14.414.614.714.915.1
15.315.315.415.515.615.7
12.713.013.313.714.0
14.314.514.714.815.0
15.215.315.315.415.5
15.615.615.615.715.7
15.715.715.415.515.315.3
15.815.916.016.116.2
16.416.416.416.516.5
16.516.516.416.416.3
16.316.116.015.815.7
15.515.315.114.914.614.4
17.117.217.217.217.3
17.317.217.217.117.0
17.016.816.716.616.4
16.416.115.915.715.5
15.315.014.714.414.213.9
16.416.516.616.616.7
16.716.716.716.816.8
16.8*16.716.616.516.4
16.316.115.915.715.5
15.315.114.914.614.314.1
14.114.314.514.715.0
15.215.315.415.515.6
15.715.715.715.815.8
15.915.815.715.715.6
15.515.415.215.114.914.8
10.911.211.511.912.2
12.512.813.113.413.6
13.914.114.314.514.6
14.814.915.015.115.2
15.315.315.315.315.315.3
7.47.88.38.79.1
9.610.010.610.811.2
11.612.012.312.613.0
13.313.613.914.114.4
14.714.815.015.115.315.4
4.55.05.56.06.5
7.07.58.08.59.0
9.59.910.310.711.1
11.612.012.412.813.3
13.613.914.214.514.815.1
3.23.74.34.75.2
5.76.16.67.27.8
8.38.89.39.710.2
10.711.111.612.012.5
12.913.313.714.114.414.8
Tabel 3.4.b. Harga Ra dalam evaporasi ekivalen ( mm/hari )
Lintang Belahan bumi selatanJan. Feb. Maret April Mei Juni Juli Agst. Sept. Okt. Nop. Des.
50o
48464442
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
17.517.617.717.817.8
17.917.917.917.817.8
17.817.717.617.517.4
17.317.116.916.716.6
16.416.115.815.515.315.0
14.714.915.115.315.5
15.715.816.016.116.2
16.416.416.416.516.5
16.516.516.416.416.3
16.316.116.015.815.715.5
10.911.211.511.912.2
12.512.813.213.513.8
14.014.314.414.614.8
15.015.115.215.315.4
15.515.515.615.615.715.7
7.07.57.98.48.8
9.29.610.110.510.9
11.311.612.012.312.6
13.013.213.513.714.0
14.214.414.714.915.115.3
4.24.75.25.76.1
6.67.17.58.08.5
8.99.39.710.210.6
11.011.411.712.112.5
12.813.113.413.814.114.4
3.13.54.04.44.9
5.35.86.36.87.3
7.88.28.79.19.6
10.010.410.811.211.6
12.012.412.813.213.513.9
3.54.04.44.95.4
5.96.36.87.27.7
8.18.69.19.510.0
10.410.811.211.612.0
12.412.713.113.413.714.1
5.56.06.56.97.4
7.98.38.89.29.6
10.110.410.911.211.6
12.012.312.612.913.2
13.513.714.014.314.514.8
8.99.39.710.210.6
11.011.411.712.012.4
12.713.013.213.413.7
13.914.114.314.514.7
14.814.915.015.115.215.3
12.913.213.413.714.0
14.214.414.614.915.1
15.315.415.515.615.7
15.815.815.815.815.8
15.915.815.715.615.515.4
16.516.616.716.716.8
16.917.017.017.117.2
17.317.217.217.117.0
17.016.816.716.516.4
16.216.015.815.515.315.1
18.218.218.318.318.3
18.318.318.218.218.1
18.117.917.817.717.5
17.417.116.816.616.5
16.216.015.715.415.114.8
Tabel 3.5. Harga N untuk lintang yang berbeda-beda
Lintang UtaraLintang Selatan
Jan. Feb. Maret April Mei Juni Juli Agst. Sept. Okt. Nop. Des.Juli Agst. Sept. Okt. Nop. Des. Jan. Feb. Maret April Mei Juni
50o
4846444240
3530252015105
0
8.58.89.19.39.49.6
10.110.410.711.011.311.611.8
12.1
10.110.210.410.510.610.7
11.011.111.311.511.611.811.9
12.1
11.811.811.911.911.911.9
11.912.012.012.012.012.012.0
12.1
13.813.613.513.413.413.3
13.112.912.712.612.512.312.2
12.1
15.415.214.914.714.614.4
14.013.613.313.112.812.612.3
12.1
16.316.015.715.415.215.0
14.514.013.713.313.012.712.4
12.1
15.915.615.415.214.914.7
14.313.9*13.513.212.912.612.3
12.1
14.514.314.214.013.913.7
13.513.213.012.812.612.412.3
12.1
12.712.612.612.612.612.5
12.412.412.312.312.212.112.1
12.1
10.810.910.911.011.111.2
11.311.511.611.711.811.812.0
12.1
9.19.39.59.79.8
10.0
10.310.610.911.211.411.611.9
12.1
8.18.38.78.99.19.3
9.810.210.610.911.211.511.8
12.1
Tabel 3.7. Harga W sesuai temperatur dan ketinggian
Temperatur o C 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
W , pada ketinggian ( m )0
5001000200030004000
.43
.45
.46
.49
.52
.55
.46
.48
.49
.52
.55
.58
.49
.51
.52
.55
.58
.61
.52
.54
.55
.58
.61
.64
.55
.57
.58
.61
.64
.66
.58
.60
.61
.64
.66
.69
.61
.62
.64
.66
.69
.71
.64
.65
.66
.69
.71
.73
.66
.67
.69
.71
.73
.76
.68
.70
.71
.73
.75
.78
.71
.72
.73
.75
.77
.79
.73
.74
.75
.77
.79
.81
.75
.76
.77
.79
.81
.83
.77*.78.79.81.82.84
.78
.79
.80
.82
.84
.85
.80
.81
.82
.84
.85
.86
.82
.82
.83
.85
.86
.88
.83
.84
.85
.86
.88
.89
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.90
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
Tabel 3.8. Harga dari faktor (1 – W) pada suhu dan ketinggian yang berbeda
Temperatur oC 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
(1-W) at altitude m0
5001000200030004000
.57
.56
.54
.51
.48
.46
.54
.52
.51
.48
.45
.42
.51
.49
.48
.45
.42
.39
.48
.46
.45
.42
.39
.36
.45
.43
.42
.39
.36
.34
.42
.40
.39
.36
.34
.31
.39
.38
.36
.34
.31
.29
.36
.35
.34
.31
.29
.27
.34
.33
.31
.29
.27
.25
.32
.30
.29
.27
.25
.23
.29
.28
.27
.25
.23
.21
.27
.26
.25
.23
.21
.19
.25
.24
.23
.21
.19
.18
.23*.22.21.19.18.16
.22
.21
.20
.18
.16
.15
.20
.19
.18
.16
.15
.14
.19
.18
.17
.15
.14
.13
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.15
.14
.13
.12
.11
.10
Tabel 3.9. Tabel ea dalam m bar sebagai fungsi temperatur udara rata-rata ( oC )
Temperatur oC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
ea m bar 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.6 8.1 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.1 14.0 15.0 16.1 17.0 18.2 19.4 20.6* 22.0
Temperatur oC 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
ea m bar 23.4 24.9 26.4 28.1 29.8 31.7 33.6 35.7 37.8* 40.1 42.4 44.9 47.6 50.3 53.2 56.2 59.4 62.8 66.3 69.9
Catatan : Apabila temperatur yang dibaca merupakan titik embun, maka ( ea ) dalam tabel adalah ( ed )
Tabel 3.10.a. Tekanan uap (ed) dalam mbar dari temperatur bola kering dan bola basah (oC) (Aspirated Psychrometer – tipe Assman)
Bola keringTo C
Depresi temperatur bola basah ( To C ) ketinggian 0 – 1000 m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
73.866.359.453.247.5
42.437.833.629.826.4
23.420.618.216.014.0
12.310.79.38.17.16.1
64.958.151.946.241.1
36.532.328.525.122.0
19.316.814.612.710.9
9.48.06.85.74.84.0
56.850.544.939.835.1
30.927.223.8
20.7*18.0
15.513.311.49.68.1
6.75.54.43.42.82.0
49.243.638.433.829.6
25.822.419.416.614.2
12.010.08.36.75.3
4.13.12.11.60.8
42.237.132.528.324.5
21.118.015.312.810.6
8.76.95.44.02.8
1.70.8
35.831.126.923.219.8
16.714.011.59.37.4
5.64.12.71.5
29.825.621.818.415.4
12.610.28.06.04.3
2.71.4
24.320.517.114.011.3
8.86.74.72.91.4
19.215.812.710.07.5
5.33.41.6
14.411.48.66.24.0
10.17.34.9
6.0
Tabel 3.10.b. Tekanan uap (ed) dalam mbar dari temperatur bola kering dan bola basah (oC) (Aspirated Psychrometer – tipe Assman)
Bola keringTo C
Depresi temperatur bola basah ( To C ) ketinggian 1000 – 2000 m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
73.866.359.453.247.5
42.437.833.629.826.4
23.420.618.216.014.0
12.310.79.38.17.16.1
65.258.252.146.441.3
36.732.528.725.322.3
19.517.114.912.911.2
9.68.27.06.05.04.1
57.150.945.240.135.5
31.327.524.121.118.3
15.913.711.710.08.4
7.05.84.83.82.92.1
49.844.139.034.430.2
26.423.020.017.214.3
12.610.68.97.35.9
4.73.72.71.81.0
43.037.933.329.125.3
21.918.916.113.911.5
9.57.86.24.81.4
2.61.60.7
41.836.732.124.120.7
17.714.912.510.38.3
6.65.03.62.4
0.4
31.026.823.019.616.6
13.811.49.27.25.5
3.92.51.30.3
25.621.818.415.412.6
10.28.06.04.32.7
1.30.1
20.717.314.311.59.1
6.94.93.21.60.2
16.213.210.48.05.8
3.82.10.5
12.09.26.84.62.6
0.9
8.15.73.51.5
Tabel 3.11.a. Tekanan uap ( ed ) dalam m bar dari temperatur bola kering dan bola basah ( oC ) ( Non – Ventilated Psychrometer )
Tabel 3.11.b. Tekanan uap ( ed ) dalam m bar dari temperatur bola kering dan bola basah ( oC ) ( Non – Ventilated Psychrometer )
Bola keringTo C
Depresi temperatur bola basah ( To C ) ketinggian 0 – 1000 m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
73.866.359.453.247.5
42.437.833.629.826.4
23.420.618.216.014.0
12.310.79.38.17.16.1
64.757.851.645.940.8
36.232.028.224.821.8
19.016.614.412.410.7
9.17.76.55.54.53.7
56.250.044.439.234.6
30.426.623.220.217.4
15.012.810.89.17.5
6.14.93.92.92.31.5
48.442.837.633.028.8
25.021.618.615.813.4
11.29.27.55.94.6
3.32.31.50.9
41.236.031.427.223.4
20.017.014.211.89.6
7.65.94.33.01.7
0.7
34.429.825.621.818.4
15.412.610.28.06.0
4.32.71.40.1
28.224.020.216.813.8
11.08.66.44.42.7
1.1
22.418.615.212.29.4
7.04.82.81.1
17.013.610.67.85.4
3.21.2
12.09.06.23.81.6
7.44.62.2
3.00.6
Bola keringTo C
Depresi temperatur bola basah ( To C ) ketinggian 1000 – 2000 m0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4038363432
3028262422
2018161412
1086420
73.866.359.453.247.5
42.437.833.629.826.4
23.420.618.216.014.0
12.310.79.38.17.16.1
64.958.051.846.141.0
36.432.228.425.022.0
19.216.814.612.610.9
9.37.96.75.74.73.8
56.750.544.839.735.1
30.927.123.720.717.9
15.513.311.39.68.0
6.75.44.43.42.51.7
49.143.438.333.729.5
25.722.319.316.514.1
11.99.98.26.65.2
4.03.02.01.10.3
42.036.932.328.124.3
20.917.915.112.710.5
8.56.85.23.82.6
1.60.6
35.631.026.823.019.6
16.613.811.49.27.2
5.53.92.51.30.3
29.625.421.218.215.2
12.410.07.85.84.1
2.51.1
34.120.316.913.911.1
8.76.54.52.81.2
18.915.512.59.77.3
5.13.11.4
14.111.18.35.93.7
1.7
9.87.04.62.40.4
5.63.21.0
Tabel 3.12. Harga f ( T ) → Rnl = f ( T ) . f ( ed ) . f ( n/N )
To C
f ( T ) = Tk4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
11.0 11.4 11.7 12.0 12.4 12.7 13.1 13.5 13.8 14.2 14.6 15.0 15.4 15.9 16.3* 16.7 17.2 17.7 18.1
Tabel 3.13. Harga f ( ed ) → Rnl = f ( T ) . f ( ed ) . f ( n/N )
ed mbar
f ( ed ) = 0.34 – 0.044
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
0.23 .22 .20 .19 .18 .16 .15 .14 .13* .12 .12 .11 .10 .09 .08 .08 .07 .06
Tabel 3.14. Harga f ( n/N ) → Rnl = f ( T ) . f ( ed ) . f ( n/N )
n / N
f ( n/N ) = 0.1 + 0.9 n/N
0 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 1.0
0.10 .15 .19 .24 .28 .33 .37 .42 .46 .51 .55 .60 .64 .69 .73 .78 .82* .87 .91 .96 1.0
Tabel 3.16. Harga dari f ( u ) = 0.27 ( 1 + ) Pada tinggi 2 meter dinyatakan dalam km / hari
Anginkm / hari 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100200300400500600700800900
-0.540.811.081.351.621.892.162.432.70
0.300.570.841.111.381.651.922.192.46
0.320.590.861.131.401.671.942.212.48
0.350.620.89*1.161.431.701.972.242.51
0.380.650.921.191.461.732.002.272.54
0.410.670.941.211.491.762.022.292.56
0.430.700.971.241.511.782.052.322.59
0.460.731.001.271.541.812.082.352.62
0.490.761.031.301.571.842.112.382.64
0.510.781.051.321.591.902.152.402.65
Tabel 3.17. Faktor penyesuaian ( c ) untuk persamaan Penman dengan modifikasi FAO
Rs mm/hariU siang m/det
Rhmax = 30% Rhmax = 60% Rhmax = 90%
3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12
U siang / U malam = 4.00369
0.860.790.680.55
0.900.840.770.65
1.000.920.870.78
1.000.970.930.90
0.960.920.850.76
0.981.000.960.88
1.051.111.111.02
1.051.191.191.14
1.020.990.940.88
1.061.101.101.01
1.101.271.261.16
1.101.321.331.27
U siang / U malam = 3.00369
0.860.760.610.46
0.900.810.680.56
1.000.880.810.72
1.000.940.880.82
0.960.870.770.67
0.980.960.880.79
1.051.061.020.88
1.051.121.101.05
1.020.940.860.78
1.061.041.010.92
1.101.181.151.06
1.101.281.221.18
U siang / U malam = 2.00369
0.860.690.530.37
0.900.760.610.48
1.000.850.740.65
1.000.920.840.76
0.960.830.700.59
0.980.910.800.70
1.050.99*0.940.84
1.051.05*1.020.95
1.020.890.790.71
1.060.980.920.81
1.101.10*1.050.96
1.101.14*1.121.06
U siang / U malam = 1.00369
0.860.640.430.27
0.900.710.530.41
1.000.820.680.59
1.000.890.790.70
0.960.780.620.50
0.980.860.700.60
1.050.94*0.840.75
1.050.99*0.930.87
1.020.850.720.62
1.060.920.820.72
1.101.01*0.950.87
1.101.05*1.000.96
Gambar 3.1. Penentuan Nilai ETo Metode Blaney-Criddle
Gambar 3.2. Penentuan Nilai ETo Metode Radiasi