2 nax , , (< 15 ) , ). , . › el › undergrad › courses › ety225 › ... · 2018-10-14 ·...
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38
2
NaX
, ,
(< 15 ) ,
( . . 2, CO2, CH4 2).
� �
.
, .
,
.
,
.
1. SiO4 AlO4-. ,
( )
( , D) (C, E).
(F). ~4
.
39
SiO4 AlO4-.
1
.
SiO4 AlO4-,
,
,
(rings) (cages).
,
(channels) . ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony
Mobil #5) �
10- 8- ( 2).
2. ZSM-5
/ K+, Na+, 4+, H+,
g2+ Ca2+ .
x/n[SiO2-xAlO2x]zH2O, x AlO4-
SiO4. AlO4-
, -1
n+ .
n+
.
100 gr
40
(meq/100gr). ,
, ,
,
,
.
. ,
.
( . . ).
,
.
.
,
.
(6, 8, 10 12) . ,
( . . 8-12 )
, .
.
. , ,
.
.
( )
200 mL 3.45 g (2.45 mmol)
(Al(OCH2CH2CH3)3), 1.2 g (30 mmol) (NaOH)
4 mL .
70 C ,
41
(
80 C). ,
.
:
Al(OC3H7)3 + NaOH + 3 H2O NaAl(OH)4 + 3 CH3(CH2)CH2OH (1)
.
.
( )
200 mL, 1.5 g (22.5 mmol)
(silica gel, SiO2), 1.2 g (30 mmol) 3 mL
. .
.
SiO2 + 2 NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O (2)
Na
,
. 14 mL
.
,
90 C.
.
3-4 ,
2 .
2 ,
~75 ml . Na
(~50 mL).
42
80 C
.
.
(KBr)
. IR 400 � 1200
cm-1.
.
.
~5 ml 0.13
CaCl2 ~5 ml . �
.
.
. ;
1.
NanSi24-nAlnO36 .
2. NaX
3. (IR).
4. -
Na+.
+ . Si/Al
.
D.J. Williams, B.E. Huck, A.P. Wilkinson. Chem. Educator 2002, 7, 33.
K.J. Balkus Jr., K.T. Ly. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 875.
43
R.G. Copperthwaite, G.J. Hutchlngs, M. van der Rlet. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 632-634.
R.M. Barrer. Hydrothermal Chemistry of Zeolites, Academic Press, New York, 1981
D.W. Breck. Zeolite Molecular Sieves, Wiley, New York, 1974
F. Blatter, E. Schumacher. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 519.
( . . SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, MCMs, )
Lewis,
, Brönsted,
( 1).
Brönsted
Brönsted
Lewis
Brönsted
1. .
Lewis ,
- - ( 3). Brönsted
- -
, -,
. Lewis Brönsted
( . 1)
L+ + H2O AB:OH + H+ (1)
Lewis L+ OH- ,
+.
Lewis silica 773 ,
44
Brönsted, 4+,
.
,
Lewis (O- )
( 2- ).
,
.
, .
:
1) Brönsted Lewis
,
2) ( nm2
),
3) .
.
,
, , ( . . n- ,
pKa) .
(UV)
(H-NMR). �
( . .
)
.