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11/15 11/16 11/29

World Trade Organization, WTO

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89

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Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA

WTO

WTO

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1 Chapter 1 of the Charter of the United States: The Purposes of the United Nations are: (1)To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective

measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and

transnational law

classical international law1

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in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

(2)To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

(3) To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and

(4) To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

harmonized

specialized agencies contemporary international law

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2 L. Oppenheim, International Law, Vol. 1, 9th ed. by Jennings and Watts, p. 4.

Peace of Westphalia TreatiesHugo Grotius, 1583-1645De Jure Belli ac Pacis, On the Law of War and

Peace

Robert JenningsArthur Watts2

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3 2008 5 936-958

()

International Labor Organization, ILO International Monetary Fund, IMFWorld BankInternational Development Association, IDAInternational Finance Corporation, IFCInterna-tional Center for Settlement of Invest-

ment Disputes, ICSID General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade, GATT World Trade Organization, WTOWorld Health Organization, WHO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,

FAO International Fund for Agriculture Development, IFAD United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization, UNESCOWorld Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO International Maritime Organization, IMO World Meteorological Organization, WMO Universal Postal Union, UPU International Telecommunication Union, ITU United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDOInternational Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA3

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4 17 1 4

4

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5 1812 The Schooner Exchange v. Mcfaddon Mcfaddon Shooner Exchange 1810 3685

()

absolute theory of sovereign immunity5Tate Letterrestrictive theory of sovereign immunitypublic acts; jure imperiiprivate acts; jure gestionis6

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6 See Henry J. Steiner, Detlev F. Vagts, & Harold Hongju Kohn, Transnational Legal Problems, THE FOUNDATION PRESS, 1994, 4th edition, pp. 762-765.

7 1961 1963 1972 European Convention on State Immunity and Additional Articles2004

8 forum-shopping 1968 2005 1963 Babcock v. Jackson Neumeier v. Kuehner, 31 N.Y.2d 121(1972)

7

Babcock v. JacksonBabcockJacksonguest statute

8

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9 See Babcock v. Jackson, 12 N.Y.2d 473 (1963), 482-485.35 67 1984 6 14-16

10 2010 9 346 11 1973 1980

1984

12 2451718202528434445474850

the mechanical formulaethe center of gravity or grouping of contacts

doctrinethe policy of substantive rulefortuitous)9

101112

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res judicata

1.

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13 it is for the government, and not for its courts, to adopt the principle of retorsion, if deemed under any circumstances desirable or necessary. See Steiner et al., supra note 6, pp. 677-684. ()1998 9 253-254

14 1926 Johnson v. Compagnie General Transatlantigue 1927 Cowans v. Ticonderoga Pulp & Paper Co. Hilton v. Guyot See Steiner et al., supra note 6, pp. 677-684.

15 Uniform Foreign Money Judgment Recognition Act 1962 1992 16 3 2 4 4 See Steiner et al., supra note 6, pp. 727-728. 13253-254

16 See Steiner et al., supra note 6, pp. 731-740.

res judicataHilton v. GuyotreciprocityFullerdissenting opinion

13 14comment(e)15Munzer v. Jacoby-Munzer16

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1991 1998 2004 402 4 74 3 49 2 13255-258

17 See Somportex limited v. Philadelphia Chewing Gum Corp, United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, 453 F. 2d 435(1971). 1981 Tahan v. Hodgson Tahan Hodgson 5 piercing the corporate veilSee Tahan v. Hodgson, United States Court of Appeals, D. C. Circuit, 662 F. 2d 862(1981). 13245-251

18 93 2082

Somportex limited v. Philadelphia Chewing Gum

Corp.

17

18A

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19 100 1506 89 396 9

20 See United States of America v Aluminum Company of American et al., United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 148 F. 2d 416 (1945), United States v. Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.(ICI), 100 F. Supp. 504 (1951).

AA19

2.

Sherman Anti-Trust ActClayton ActRobinson-Patman Act of 193620

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21 objective territorial principle 3664

21

Microsoft

IntelLGDNEC

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22 2011 Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, FATCA

22

monismdualismlaw of nations

OECD Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, FCPABribery Act 2010

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23 11

23

Peter ParkerVattelLe Droit des Gens W. A. P. MartinHenry Wheaton Elements of International Law

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24 349-53 25 1949

40 1949 10 1 1949 12 12 3334 1949 12

26 1952 1967 1987 20 2007

2425

26

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1972

Francois Parent, etc. v. Singapore Airlines Limited v. CAA2000 SQ006 Fancois Parent State Immunity Act2003 common law Francois Parent, etc. v. Singapore Airlines Limited v. CAA 11 2001 171

27 1969 5 23 1970 4 27

28 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), Article 2(a): treaty means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation.

()

2728

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29 7 4 1374 2009 6 15 Patricia OBrian 1971 10 25 2758

30 2011 9 22

31 3950-951 32 6

33 78 68 6 29 6361

2930WTO31

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Annette Wiedenbach32Elisabeth Wiedenbach 33

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34 2002 1 21 35 89 3233 36 2003 7 15

15 37 392582

428 549 578 587 591 623 678

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38 11 97 1 1958 4 29 1962 9 30 1958 4 29 See UNTS, Vol. 516, p. 205; U.S. Treaties and Other International Agreements, Vol. 15, p. 1606.1982

39 The Lotus case: France v. Turkey, PCIJ, 1927 85 815 85 125 85 4506 87 185 87 1720 4169 87 580 KASUGA-12002 3 351-382

40 2009 4 86 Karim 2 99 126

41

38

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42 1 2004 6 92 4 93 487 95 2 2006 Lui Su Nai-Chao, et al. v. The Boeing Company, et al 1981 110 strict liabilitynegligence1.2.3.4.See Lui Su Nai-Chao, et al. v. The Boeing Company, et al, 555 F. Supp. 9, United States District e North District of California(1982).

43 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage

44

42CLC43

44

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45 11 7 1953 16 46 11 8 1953 5 47 57 24 1968 4 5 2305 48 60 47 1971 6 25 14 49 63 6 1974 54 50 73 51 1984 10-11 51 3 1

85 29 1996 5 27 179 87 1 1997 12 30 52

52 5 1 20 91 51 2002 5 29 225

53 84 46 1995 7 13 168 54 95 2 2006 117 55 96 54 2007 361

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56 88 31 1999 6 4 633

57 http://cwto. trade.gov.tw/kmi.asp?xdurl=kmif.asp&cat=CAT3132011 11 11

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59 WTO

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memorial

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69 1983 5 27 70 2011 11 12

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71 72 See Judge Jessup, in Storrs Lectures, Transnational Law, 1956, to include all law which

regulates actions or events that transcend national frontiers. Both public and private international law are included, as are other rules which do not wholly fit into such standard categories [as pure domestic laws].

73

transnational law72

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