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ISBN-13: 978-81-7362-504-6

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Food for faith (Marati)

9 7 8 8 1 7 3 6 2 5 0 4 6 05300

ISBN 81-7362-504-2ISBN-10: 81-7362-504-2

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Vishwaasaakarithaa Anna(Marathi)

Food for Faithby Richard A.BennettCopyright © 1994, 1998 by Cross Currents Intl. Ministries

First Marathi edition 2006Revised edition 2007ISBN-13: 978-81-7362-504-6

ISBN-10: 81-7362-504-2

Published by Authentic India

India P. O. Box 2190, Secunderabad 500 003, Andhra Pradesh.www.authenticindia.in

UK 9 Holdom Avenue, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK1 1QR, UKwww.authenticmedia.co.uk

USA 1820 Jet Stream Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921, USA.www.authenticbooks.com

All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by anymeans, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, orany information storage and retrieval system, without permissionin writing from the publisher.

The sociological, political, doctrinal views of the author may notnecessarily be those of the publisher.

Authentic Books is an imprint of Authentic India, the publishing divisionof STL OM Books India.

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13


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17

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21


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nso ;'k;k lans"Vîk}kjs cksyyk dh R;kauh R;kP;kcjkscj Hkkstuklclkos%

^^vgks rkUgsY;kauks] rqEgh loZ tyk'k;kdMs ;k- toG iSdkulysys rqEgh ;k- lkSnk djk] [kk] ;k iSD;kokpwu o eksykokpwuæk{kjlkpk o nq/kkpk lkSnk djk------ dku |k] etdMs ;k] ,sdkEg.kts rqepk tho okpsy vkf.k eh rqEgkcjkscj loZdkGpk djkjdjhu Eg.kts nkohnkyk nsÅ dsysys v<G çlkn rqEgkl nsbZu**¼;'k;k 55%1&3½-

nsokps opu FksV okpY;keqGs dkgh t.kkauk R;kpk iqjslkvFkZcks/k gksr ukgh- çR;{k ifo='kkL= okp.;k,soth R;kaukifo='kkL=klaca/kh brj iqLrds okp.ks vkoMrs- rqeP;k gkrkrvlysys gs iqLrd ifo='kkL=kps Li"Vhdj.k ukghijarq R;keqGsrqEgh ifo= 'kkL= okp.;klkBh ço`Ùk ek= Ogkos v'kh vis{kk vkgs-R;keqGs ex rqEgkyk vkiksvkip ifo= opukaps Li"Vhdj.k feGsy-ifj.kkeh rqEgkyk rqeP;k LoxhZ; fiR;kph lgHkkfxrk vxnh lgti.ksvkf.k vkuankus miHkksxrk ;sbZy-

T;k yksdkauh uqdrsp ifo= 'kkL= gs vk/;kfRed v™kLohdkj.;kl lq#okr dsyh R;kauk eh usgeh lqpor vlrks dh %

ts rqEgkyk letrs rs okpk ex rqEgh rqEgkyk ulet.kkÚ;k opukadMs ;ky- lrr okpr jkgk- ex FkksMîkosGkus rqEgkyk tks Hkkx letr uOgrk rks letw ykxsy-gGwgGw rqEgkyk ts letys R;ke/kwup rqEgkyk uletysyk Hkkx letko;kl ykxsy-

25

;krwu rqEgkyk dkgh cks/k gksrks dka\ FkksMD;kr Eg.kts okpuFkkacow udk-

yksd okpuky;kr] oxkZe/;s fdaok gkWye/;s okpu djhrvlrkr- R;keqGs R;kauk fopkjkaps [kk| feGr vlrs- tj vki.kR;kp i)rhus ifo= 'kkL=kps okpu dsys rj vkiY;kyk dsoG^fopkjkaps [kk| feGsy- ijarq ifo= 'kkL= vkiY;kyk lwpuk djrsKku Qqxfors] çhfr m™kfr dfjrs* ¼1 dfjaFk 8%1½-

nsokps opu dls ipokos gs vkiY;kyk letY;k[ksfjt]ifo= 'kkL=krhy Kkukus vki.k Qqxwu tkrks o vkiY;k KkukpkMadk oktow ykxrks- vki.k vkiY;k vk/;kfRed ok<hl R;keqGs ck/kk vk.krks- vkiY;k njjkstP;k nsokP;k lkfu/;keqGs vki.k dsoGKkuktZukP;k ekxs ykxw u;s rj R;kP;k estkojhy v™k vki.kvkiY;k foÜoklkdfjrk feGfoys ikfgts-

ts yksd ifo= 'kkL=kpk vH;kl dsoG KkuktZuklkBhpdjrkr R;kaP;kis{kk rs foÜokl.kkjs vf/kd vkuanh vlrkr T;kaukifo= 'kkL=opukaP;k }kjs R;kaP;k vk/;kfRed iks"k.kklkBh lqanjvkfRed v™k feGr vlrs- thou dls o`)h ikor vkgs ;kpklq[kn vuqHko R;kauk jkst ;srks- nsokps lkfu/;] [kjsi.kkphmikluk vkf.k R;k miklusrwu feG.kkjh lqanj QGs vlk ykHkR;kauk gksrks- uarj vls yksd Lodsafær u jkgrk rs lrr nsokPkkfopkj djrkr-

uok tUe >kysY;k nsokP;k çR;sd ckydkyk] nsokdMs foÜoklkus

jkstpk vkuan


tk.;kl o ifo='kkL=klg oS;fDrdfjR;k nsoklehi ;s.;kl feG.kkjhla/kh vçfrep vlrs-

rqEgkyk dnkfpr ,d çÜu iMyk vlsy- çHkq ;s'kw f[zkLrkP;kfçrhr ek>h Nku ok< gks.;klkBh ifo= 'kkL= okp.;kph ekÖ;kdfjrkmÙke i)r dks.krh vkgs\ ;kps xed vki.k T;kyk ^,df=rle;* Eg.krks R;ke/;s vkgs- vFkkZr gk ,df=r le; Eg.ktsvkiY;k çHkqP;k leosr [kpZ djko;kpk le;-

^,df=r le;* Eg.kts gk vkiY;k ftoar çHkq'kh vlysyklqlaokn vkgs- nsokps opu Eg.kts ifo= 'kkL=krwu nso R;kP;kysdjka'kh cksyrks- tj nso dk; cksyr vkgs ;kyk vki.k ;ksX;çfrlkn ns.kkj vlyks rj vki.k ;ksX; çdkjs çkFkZuk d'kh dsyhikfgts gs vkiY;kyk dGsy o R;kcÌy vki.k fufÜpr vk'kkoknhvlw 'kdrks-

^;ksX; çdkjs* çkFkZuk Eg.kts vkiyh çkFkZuk nsokP;k opukojvk/kkfjr vlkoh- vkiY;k var%dj.kkrhy fopkjkaph opuk'kh lkaxM?kkryh ikfgts- v'kh çkFkZuk gh lkpscan ulrs- ijarq tsOgk vki.kopuk/kkjhr çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk çHkqcjkscj vlysyh vkeph lgHkkfxrk[kwi vkuannk;d vlrs- R;keqGs vki.k thoukr R;kpk dk; gsrwvkgs ;kphgh vkiY;kyk tk.k ;sÅ ykxrs-

nsokph bPNk ek÷;k bPNsçek.ks oGfo.ks gh [kjh çkFkZuk ukgh-myV ek>h bPNk Eg.kts nsokph bPNk vl.ks ghp [kjh çkFkZukgks;- bL=k,y yksdkauk ;knsZu unh ikj d:u ;gks'kokus iyhdMsusys- unhyk iwj vkyk gksrk i.k peRdkj ?kMyk vkf.k rs loZunhikj >kys- rsOgk ;gks'kokyk ,d vKkr* euq"; HksVyk- duku

27

ns'k ftadko;kpk gk ;gks'kokpk eq[; gsrw gksrk o nsokP;k bPNsçek.ksrks ns'k eqrhZiklwu eqDr djko;kpk gksrk- R;k vKkr euq";kP;kgkrh milysyh rjokj gksrh- R;kyk ;gks'kokus loky dsyk] ^rwavkeP;k cktwpk vkgsl dh 'k=wP;k cktwl vkgsl\* R;k vKkreuq";kus ^ukgh* vls mÙkj fnys- Eg.kts gs gh ukgh vkf.k rsghukgh- ;ko:u ;gks'kokus rkMys dh rks dks.kkP;kgh i{kkpk ukgh-ex R;k euq";kus ts mÙkj fnys R;ko:u ;gks'kokyk cks/k >kyk &^^nsokP;k lSU;kpk lsukirh Eg.kwu eh bFks vkyks vkgs**-

;k {k.kh ;gks'kokyk letwu pqdys dh rks vKku euq";dks.kkph cktw ?ks.;klkBh uOgs rj ifjfLFkrh dkcwr Bso.;klkBhvkyk vkgs- ;gks'kok ikyFkk iMyk vkf.k R;kyk letys dh rksnsokP;k lSU;kP;k lsukirhP;k leosr vkgs- ^^T;k tkxh rw mHkkvkgsl rh ifo= vkgs** ¼;gks'kok 5%13&15½-

vlsp vkiY;k jkstP;k çkFkZusP;k le;h vki.k vkiY;koS;fDrd xks"Vh çHkqleksj ekaMw u;sr- myV vki.k uezi.ks R;kykvkiY;kdMwu useds dk; gos vkgs] R;kph vis{kk] R;kpk gsrw vkf.kR;kps lkeF;Z ;kpk vki.k fopkj djkok-

opukuqlkj çkFkZuk dj.ks Eg.kts nsokph ;kstuk] o R;kphbPNk dk; vkgs gs tk.kwu R;kuqlkj çkFkZuk dj.ks gks;- tsOgkvki.k opukuqlkj çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk vkeph bPNk gh nsokphbPNk curs-

tsOgk rqEgh nsokph bPNk dk; gs tk.kwu dGdGhus çkFkZukdjrk rsOgk rqeph vk/;kfRed ok< gksrs- ^vkiyk çHkq o rkj.kkjk;s'kw f[kzLr ákP;k —isr o Kkukr ok<r tk** ¼2 is= 3%18½-

jkstpk vkuan


vki.k ;k vxksnj ikfgysp vkgs dh ;'k;k Eg.krksrls vki.k vkiys dku nso dk; Eg.krks ;kdMs ykoysrj rks dk; Eg.krks gs ,sdwu vki.k vkuafnr gksÅ-

29

vk/;kfRed rikl.kh1- eh fdrh fnolkaiklwu uok tUe ikoysyk

f[kzLrh vkgs\2- nsokph lgHkkfxrk vkt eyk tso<h

vkuannk;d okVrs rso<h ;kiwohZ d/kh okVyhgksrh dka\

3- ek>s vktps thou o ikap o"kkZiwohZpsthou ;k rqyusr nsokP;k lkfu/;kr ehtkLr osG ?kkyorks dk; \ek>h bPNk vkf.k nsokps ekxZn'kZu ;krhyHksn eyk letrks dk;\

jkstpk vkuan

gs çHkw] eyk ,sd.;kl f'kdo lHkksokj [kwi xksa/kGvkgs- ekÖ;k dkukoj lrr vknG.kkÚ;k vkoktkeqGsek>s dku c/khj >kys vkgsr- R;k 'keqosy ckGkçek.kseykgh vlk vkRek ns dh rks rqyk Eg.kkyk] ^cksy] rq>klsod ,sdr vkgs]* rq>h ok.kh ekÖ;k ân;kr fuuknw ns-rqÖ;k ok.khpk eyk ljko gksÅ ns- ;k txkrhy loZvkokt u"V gksÅu dsoG rq>kp vkokt eyk ,sdw;sÅ nsrks rj eyk eatwG /ouhlkj[kk vkgs- vkesu

,-MCY;w- Vks>j

çdj.k 2

eLrd vkf.k ân;

dkgh o"kkZaiwohZ dsuh;k ;sFks eyk o ek>h iRuh MkWjFkhyk]ikGdkaP;k ,dk eksBîk xVkyk o R;kaP;k ck;dkauk nsokps opulkax.;kph lqla/kh ykHkyh- rh lHkk la/;kdkGh 7%00 oktrkp lq:gks.kkj gksrh- Eg.kwu cjsp ikGd nqikjh 4%00 oktrkp R;kaP;k?kjkrwu ckgsj iMys- ifo='kkL=krwu uohu dkgh f'kdko;kl feGsy;k Hkkousus rs ç[kj mUgkr ik;hik;hp jLrk rqMor nwjoj fu?kkysgkssrs- Åu brds rkink;d gksrs dh rsFkhy 'ksrhlq)k iw.kZ djiyhgksrh-

rsFks vkysY;k jk"Vªh; ikrGhojhy ikGdkaiSdh 60 rs 70VDds ikGdkatoG ifo= 'kkL= ukgh gs vkEgkyk letY;koj /kDdkp clyk- R;ke/khy cÚ;kp t.kkaps ifjorZu nksu&rhu o"kkZaiwohZ>kys gksrs- R;kaP;k Toyar lk{kheqGs vkfÝdsP;k NksVîk eaMGîkae/;s lathou fuekZ.k >kys gksrs-

31


lHkk lq: gks.;kiwohZ vkEgh çR;sd ikGdkP;k gkrkr ,dsdifo= 'kkL= fnys- R;kuarj cjsp fnol eh R;kauk f'k{k.k nsr gksrks-eh R;kauk EgVys] ^vkrk rqeP;k gkrke/;s ifo= 'kkL= fnys vkgs-ijarq rs rqeP;k gkrkdMwu rqeP;k eLrdki;Zar xsys rjp R;kpkmi;ksx gksbZy! ijarq rso<s d:ugh Hkkx.kkj ukgh- rqEgkyk vf/kdvk'khokZn feG.;klkBh vf/kd dkgh dsys ikfgts- rs Eg.kts nsokpsopu rqeP;k ân;kr f'kjys ikfgts- rjp ák lHkseqGs rqEgkyk eksBkykHk gks.kkj vkgs- Eg.kwu ifo= 'kkL= rqeP;k gkrkdMwu eLrdki;Zaro eLrdkdMwu ân;kdMs iksgap.ks gs vR;ko';d vkgs-**

eh dqekj o;kpk vlrkauk f[kzLrkdMs T;k ?kjkr oGyks rsbaXyaMe/khy ?kj eh uqdrsp ikfgys- vkeP;k R;k ?kjkiklwu FkksMîkvarjkoj fnO;kpk ,d [kkac gksrk- R;kp [kkack[kkyh pkSnk o"kkZapk ckWcf¶yaV f[kzLrkdMs oGyk gksrk- R;kP;k ifjorZukeqGs R;kps lxGsthoup cnyys- R;kus 'kkGk lksMyh gksrh vkf.k cka/kdkekoj etwjEg.kwu rks dke djhr gksrk- rks r#.k gksrk rsOgk rks Qkj gq'kkjuOgrk!

rjhgh tsOgk ckWc f[kzLrh >kyk rsOgk eh R;kyk lkafxrys dhdkekyk tk.;kiwohZ R;kus jkt çkFkZuk d:up ?kjkckgsj iMkos-R;kyk dks.kR;kgh eaMGhpk R;kiwohZ dlykp vuqHko uOgrk] rjhghnsokP;k opuk}kjs R;kus vkiys vkfRed iks"k.k dsys- jkst rksnsokcjkscj ,df=r le; ?kkyohr gksrk-

uarj lrjkO;k o"khZ R;kus ifo= 'kkL=kH;klkdfjrk i=k}kjsf'k{k.kØe iw.kZ dj.;klkBh vkiys uko uksanfoys- nkfu,yP;k

33

iqLrdkP;k vH;klØekr R;kus vR;ar mÙke xq.k feGfoys! vBjkO;ko"khZ rks lSU;kr Hkjrh >kyk gs ,sdwu eyk [kwi vkuan okVyk- rsFksgh rks ijesÜojklaca/kh [kwi vkos'kh gksrk- cwV dWEi* e/;s vlrkaukrks R;kP;k lrjk lSfud fe=kalkscr eukiklwu çkFkZuk djhr vls-ex R;k loZ lrjk lSfudkauhgh f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj dsyk- lSU;krwueqDr >kY;kuarj ckWcus lsokdk;Z dj.;kps Bjfoys- ijarq rksteZuhyk foekukus tkr vlrkauk foeku nq?kZVusr R;kpk var >kyko rks f[kzLrkr >ksih xsyk-

ckWcP;k FkSyhrhy 'kqHkorZekukps VªWDV~l vi?kkrLFkGh brLr%fo[k:u iMys gksrs! ckWcP;k gkrkrwu nsokps opu R;kP;k eLrdkrxsys gksrs vkf.k uarj R;kP;k eLrdkrwu rs R;kP;k ân;kr iksgapysgksrs] ,o<sp uOgs rj nsokps opu vkrk R;kP;k ân;kiklwubrjkaP;k ân;ki;Zar iksgapys gksrs- ckWc ej.k ikoyk- R;kps tfxdlsokdk;Z laiys i.k rks ftoar nsokP;k lkfu/;kr xsyk!

ckWcçek.ksp vusd f[zkLrh yksd ifo='kkL=kpk vH;klØeiw.kZ d:u f[kzLrklkBh dk;Z djhr vlrkr- R;k vkfÝduikGdkaçek.ks] j.kj.kR;k mUgkr ia/kjk rkl pky.;kph vkiY;kojikGh ;sr ukgh- nsokPks opu Lohdkj.;kl vkf.k f'kd.;kl R;kauhrs fnO; dsys gksrs- ifjfLFkrh d'khgh vlyh rjh nsokps Kku gsvkiY;k ân;kpk lq[kn vuqHko Bjkok ;klkBh cnyko gks.ks vxnhxjtsps vkgs-

ek÷;k lq#okrhP;k f[kzLrh thoukr nsokus eyk 'kkL=kH;kldj.ks vkf.k nsoklaxrh vl33.ks ;ke/khy Qjd vksG[k.;kph cq)h

eLrd vkf.k ân;


fnyh R;keqGs eh nsokps vkHkkj ekurks- nsokps opu vkdyugks.;kdfjrk eLrd vkf.k ân; ;k nksgksaph xjt vlyh rjheLrdkus Lohdkjysys bZÜojh; Kku gs ân;kP;k leiZ.kkf'kok;fudkeh B: 'kdrs- R;keqGs vkiyh vkfRed ok< [kqaVrs-

eLrd'kkL=kH;kl % gsrw o leL;k

^^rw lR;kps opu uhV lkax.kkjk] ykt okV.;kl dlysgh dkj.kulysyk] nsokP;k ilarhl mrjysyk dkedjh vlk Lor%yk lknjdj.;kl gksbZy frrds dj** ¼2 rheF; 2%15½- ifo= 'kkL=kpkvH;kl d:u R;klaca/kh ;ksX; rh let ?ks.ks ;klkBh osG ns.ks gsçR;sd f[kzLrh O;DrhlkBh mÙkstukRed okVrs- ts nsokps HkDr]ikGd fdaok ifo= 'kkL=kps v/;kid vkgsr- R;kaps f'k{k.k /;kuiwoZd ,sdk- ifo= 'kkL=kojhy Vhdklaxzg okpk- Eg.ktsekufldn`"Vîk rqEgh nsokps opu letwu ?ks.;klkBh r;kj Ogky-tsOgk rqEgh ,dkarkr nsokcjksj rqepk le; ?kkyoky rsOgk rqEgkyk;k r;kjhpk mi;ksx gksbZy-

ikGd vkf.k f'k{kd gs eaMGhlkBh nsokps nkup vlrkr-ikGdkph çeq[k lsok Eg.kts foÜokl.kkÚ;kauk nsokP;k opukapsLi"Vhdj.k dj.ks gh vkgs- rlsp opukapk lanHkZ] ifo='kkL=krhyiqLrdkaph ikÜoZHkweh gh ikGdkus lksI;k i)rhus Li"V djko;kphvlrs- ;krwup ikGdkus eaMGhus /kkfeZd thou dls txkos ;kpkeaMGhyk cks/k dsyk ikfgts- vkRe'kkarh vkf.k fouk'kizr tk.kkÚ;kvkRE;kalaca/kh mins'k dsyk ikfgts-

35

v'kkp ,dk ikGdkps ikp mins'k ek÷;k laxazgh vkgsr-foY;e fLVy ;k ikGdkus vusd o"kkZaiwohZ rs mins'k foÜofo|ky;hufo|kF;kZaP;k ,dk esGkO;kr dsys gksrs- LdkWVyaMP;k ,dk eaMGhps rsikGd gksrsvkf.k iapspkGhl o"kkZaP;k R;kaP;k lsosr rs v[ksji;Zarvxnh tks'kiw.kZ mins'k djhr vlr- vFkkZrp R;kaP;k v'kk tks'kiw.kZmins'kkaeqGs R;kaps lsokdk;Z LdkWVyaMP;k lhek vksykaMwu nwjojiksgapys- R;kaps mins'k ,sdysys vusdt.k vkt txHkj lqokrkZdk;Zdj.;kr eXu vkgsr- foÜofo|ky;kr fo|kF;kZaiq<s dsysY;k R;kaP;kmins'kkar ikLVj fLVy Eg.kkys]

^^ikGdkauk esa<jkauk pkj.;klkBh ikpkj.k dsysys vlrs- exesa<jkaph pj.;kph bPNk vlks vxj ulks- 'ksGîkaph dje.kwddj.;klkBh rs ukghr- 'ksGîkauk 'ksGîkaph dje.kwd R;kaP;kdksa<ok<îkr d: |k- dkgh dsys rjh 'ksGîkaps esa<jke/;s #ikarjd/khp gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- loZ vkMeqBîk esa<jkauk ,d= Bso.ks ghikGdkph çeq[k tckcnkjh vkgs- R;k esa<jkaph 'ksjMa gksÅ u ns.ksgs ikGdkps dke vkgs-**

tsOgk rqepk uok tUe gksrks rsOgk rqEgh eaMGhps ?kVd curkvkf.k ikGdkaP;k lsos}kjs rqEgkyk vk'khokZn feGrks-

dnkfpr gs iqLrd okp.kkÚ;k dkgh okpdkaps nqnSZokus v'kkikGdkdMwu ;ksX; Hkj.k iks"k.k gksr ulsy- tjh rqEgkyk pkaxysikGd ifo= 'kkL=kps f'k{k.k ns.kkj vlrhy fdaok rqeP;ktoGifo='kkL=kojhy Vhdklaxzg vlsy rjhgh rqEgh ,d xks"V /;kukrBsok- ;k KkukeqGs rqeps eLrd Hkjys vlys rjh nsolgoklkr

eLrd vkf.k ân;


rqEgh nsoklaxrh tks osG ,df=r ;srk rks ;k Kkukis{kk Qkj eksykpkvkgs-

vkiY;kyk vxnh pkaxY;k ifo= 'kkL= f'k{kdkdMwu cjspKku feGkys vlsy] nsokps opu vki.k vkiY;k pkaxY;k vH;klkrwuNku letwu ?ksrys vlsy- ijarq ts vkfRed vUu ifo=vkRE;kP;k}kjs vkiY;k ân;kr tek gksrs rs dsoG tsOgk vki.knsoklaxrh ,df=r le; xqtkjrks rsOgkp rs [kjs vlrs-

oS;fDrdi.ks ,df=r le; nsokcjkscj ns.ks ;klkBh dks.khpkaxyk ifo='kkL= f'k{kd gk i;kZ; gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- nsop nsrvlysyh KkuktZukph la/kh ukdkj.;kl dlyh lcc pkyr ukgh-

dkgh o"kkZaiwohZ ek;y dksojMsy ;kauh ;k lanHkkZr dkgh ç'ulqpoys- R;kapk rqEgkyk fufÜpr mi;ksx gksbZy- R;kauh ts fyfgysR;kpk lkjka'k vlk-

ts fyfgys o lkafxrys tkrs R;kis{kk rqEgkyk nsokps opulet.;klkBh vf/kd mi;qDr Bjrhy v'kh iz'ukoyh %

lnjpk 'kkL=Hkkx dks.kkcÌy vkgs\gk 'kkL=Hkkx dks.kkdMs funsZ'k djrks\ys[kdkus useds dks.krs 'kCn okijys vkgsr\dks.kR;k dky[kaMkr lnj 'kkL=Hkkx fyfgyk xsyk\rks 'kkL=Hkkx dks.kR;k fBdk.kh fyfgyk xsyk\rks 'kkL=Hkkx fyfg.;kekxs dks.krk gsrw gksrk\dks.kR;k ifjfLFkrhr rks 'kkL=Hkkx fyfgyk xsyk\gk 'kkL=Hkkx fyfg.;kiwohZ o fyfgY;kuarj dk; dk; ?kMys\rqeP;k oS;fDrd 'kkL=kH;klkP;k osGh ák ç'ukapk rqEgh

37

mi;ksx dsyk ¼lekl vlysys ifo='kkL= okij.ks ;ksX;½ rj ifo='kkL=krhy vusd eksrh rqeP;k gkrh ykxrhy o R;keqGs rqEgkykjksekafpr Ogkos ykxsy- nsokP;k opukrhy Hkkfdrspk rqEgkyk myxMkgksbZy- R;krhy dkgh Hkkfdrkaph iwrZrk >kyh vkgs- rj dkgh Hkkfdrsv|ki iw.kZ Ogko;kph vkgsr gs rqEgkyk letsy-

rqeps us= tsOgk vykSfdd v'kk nsokyk ikgrhy rsOgk rqEgkaojvk'khokZnkph cjlkr gksbZy- foÜokP;k fufeZrhekxs vlysyk nsokpkgsrw] bfrgklkr R;kps LFkku] rkj.kklac/akh nsokph ;kstuk] ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k#ikr R;kps ;k txkr ;s.ks] rqeP;k ek÷;k lkj[;k f[kzLrh ek.klkalkBhR;kP;k foLrr lwpuk] vktgh ;k loZ xks"Vh [kjks[kj vxnh foLe;dkjdvkgsr- v'kk çdkjps ifo='kkL=kfo"k;d Kku Qkjp veks?k vkgs-çR;sd foÜokl.kkÚ;kus rs çkIr dj.;kph vkl /kjyhp ikfgts-

ân;,df=r le; % lq/kkj.kwd vkf.k lYyk

vki.k nsokph mikluk vkRE;kus o [kjsi.kkus dsyh ikfgts¼;ksgku 4%24½- rh vkiys eLrd o ân; ;k nksgkasuh feGwu dsyhikfgts- rjp vkiY;kyk R;kP;k'kh oS;fDrd lgHkkfxrk lk/krk;srs-

rqeP;k 'kkL=kH;klkus rqEgkyk dsoG ifo='kkL=kps KkufeGr vlsy rj rs rqeP;klkBh vYifgrkps Bjsy- ckSf)d KkufeGkys i.k R;kpk jkstP;k thoukr mi;ksx dsyk tkr ukgh ghleL;k vkt vusd foÜokl.kkÚ;kiq<s vkgs-

eLrd vkf.k ân;


nsokP;k opuklaca/kh [kwi Kku laxzgh vkgs- ijarq R;k Kkuçdk'kkrvusdkauk uhV pkyrk ;sr ukgh gh nq%[kkph xks"V vkgs- v'kk yksdkauhrs Kku vkiY;k eukP;k dMh&dqyqikr cafnLr d:u Bsoysys vlrsvkf.k rs ew[kkZçek.ks tfxd xks"Vhaekxs /kkor lqVrkr- nsokps opudsoG vktP;k thou i)rhiqjrs e;kZfnr ukgh-

txkP;k n`"Vhdksukrwu nsokP;k opukdMs ikgk.ks vkf.k extxkrhy xks"Vhacjkscj d'khrjh rMtksM d:u uos rRoKku fdaokekul'kkL= ;ka'kh R;kph fo#i lkaxM ?kky.ks Eg.kts çkekf.kdi.kkvkf.k uSfrdrsph lxGh rRos m/kGwu yko.;klkj[ks vkgs- vktP;k;k nq"V txkiklwu vkiY;kyk okpfo.;klkBh vkiY;k çHkq ;s'kwf[kzLrkus Hk;adj eksy fnys vkgs- f[zkLrkyk ukdkj.kkÚ;k fi<hrvkf.k nsokP;k opukae/;s vkt fdrh fojks/kkHkkl fnlrks!

nsokP;k opukph ekuoh fopkjka'kh d/khp lkaxM ?kkyrk ;srukgh- vkEgh dls vlkos gs tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh tsOgk vki.k vxnhdGdGhus nsokP;k opukapk vH;kl djrks rsOgk vkEgkyk vkepsthou vkewykxz cnywu Vkd.kkjk vuqHko ;srks! ;k ifjorZukreLrdkph uOgs rj ân;kph çeq[k Hkwfedk vlrs vkf.k nsokphR;kP;k çR;sd ysdjkdMwu ghp vis{kk vkgs-

Lrks=drkZ vls Eg.kkyk ukgh & ^rq>s opu ekÖ;k eLrdkreh tiwu Bsoys vkgs** myV rks vls Eg.kkyk] ^^rq>s opu ehek÷;k eukr ¼ân;kr½ tiwu Bsoys vkgs** ¼Lrks= 119%11½-vWMYQ fgVyjus vkiY;k Hkk"k.kke/;saiq"dGnk ifo= 'kkL=kps lanHkZfnys- ijarq ;k opukapk R;kP;k uSfrd fuoMhlkBh R;kyk mi;ksx

39

djrk vkyk ukgh- ,o<sp uOgs rj R;kyk R;kpk mi;ksx vfouk'khthouklkBh >kyk ukgh- vFkkZr ifo= 'kkL= opukaps Kku R;kP;keLrdkrp jkfgys rs R;kP;k ân;kr d/kh iksgapysp ukgh-

^nsokps opu eh ekÖ;k ân;kr tiwu Bsoys*] vls nkfonEg.kkyk- ijarq R;kyk useds dk; Eg.kko;kps gksrs vlk ç'urqEgkyk iMyk vlsy- ân; ukokP;k ,dk Luk;qe; vo;okr R;kusrh opus lkBowu Vkdyh vlk R;kpk eqGhp vFkZ ukgh- nsokpsopu v'kkçdkjs ân;kP;k dII;kr dks.khgh Bsow 'kdr ukgh- tsOgknkfon ân;kpk mYys[k djrks rsOgk R;kpk vFkZ R;kP;ke/khy var%çsj.kkth R;kP;k thoukyk ;ksX; ekxkZoj usrs- nsokps opu gs vlsvkiY;k var%çsj.kslkBh var%dj.kkr lkekoys xsys Eg.kts vkiY;kvar%dj.kkr ol.kkÚ;k f[kzLrkeqGs dks.kkgh foÜokl.kkÚ;kyk R;kpsthou fo'kq)] vkuannk;d vkf.k iks"kd vls gksbZy-

iw.kZ ifo='kkL=kpk vH;kl dj.kkjk eh ,d fo|kFkhZ gksrks-rsOgk eyk ,d xks"V letyh dh 'kkL=krhy lR;s xksGk dj.;kis{kk]nsokyk R;kP;k opukrwu eyk dk; lkaxko;kps vkgs gs let.ks gsvf/kd egRokps vkgs- nsokP;k opukoj folacwu jkgk.ks gspfgrdkjd vkgs ;kph eyk tk.kho >kyh-

dkWyste/;sa f'kdr vlrkauk vkEgh oxkZr fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k^ysDpjph* vxnh ckyh'k O;k[;k dsyh vkf.k vkEgh [kwi glyks gksrks-rh O;k[;k v'kh ^ysDpj Eg.kts çk/;kidkP;k oghrwu fo|kF;kZP;koghr tk.kkjs Kku dh T;kr nks?kkaP;kgh eLrdkpk dkgh ,d laca/kulrks*!

eLrd vkf.k ân;


ikGdkP;k eLrdkrwu nsokps Kku foÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k eLrdkr]dksacys tkrs vkf.k ân; ek= fjdkesp jkgkrs rsOgk v'khp fLFkrhgksrs- nso rj Eg.krks]

^^---,sdysys opu R;kauk ykHknk; >kys ukgh] dkj.kR;kapk ,sd.kkÚ;kae/;s foÜoklkcjkscj la;ksx >kyk ukgh**¼bczh 44444%22222½-f;eZ;k lans"Vîkph lk{k uhV letwu ?ksrY;k[ksfjt nsokps

opu vkiY;kdfjrk vk'khokZfnr Bj.kkj ukgh- f;eZ;k Eg.krks] ---rsOgk ek÷;k gkMkr dksaMysyk vXuh ¼opu½ tGr vkgs vlsek÷;k ân;kyk >kys---* ¼f;eZ;k 10%9½- vkt vusdkaP;k ân;ke/;s vlk dksaMysyk vXuh yqIr >kyk vkgs- eLrd vkf.k ân; ;kapkdkgh laca/kp jkfgyk ukgh & nsokph ok.kh vkf.k foÜokl.kkÚ;kpsthou ;kaph Qkjdr gksr vkgs- vki.kkl ts ekghr vkgs vkf.kvki.k ts djhr vkgksr ;ke/;s rQkor ok<r vkgs-

ifo='kkL=kP;k f'k{k.kkeqGs tsOgk rqeps ân; [kjks[kj mpacGwu;srs rsOgk fufÜpri.ks rqeP;k thoukr cny ?kMwu ;srks ! tsOgk vls?kMrs rsOgk ekuoh O;oLFkkaoj rqEgh Qkjls voyacwu jkgkr ukgh]mnkgj.kkFkZ dkSVqafcd lHkksins'kd] HkjxPp v'kk lHkk] nsokus R;kP;kopukrwu rqEgkyk th vfHkopus fnyh rh rqeP;klkBhp vkgsrvlk foÜokl rqEgke/;s cGkorks- ifo= vkRek rqEgke/;s olrvlY;keqGs] çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k vkKk ikG.;kpk rqEgh dlks'khusç;Ru d: ykxky-

41

d/kh d/kh ek>k mins'k laiY;kuarj eaMGhrhy ,[kknk pkaxyklHkkln eyk mÙkstu ns.;klkBh etdMs ;srks o Eg.krks] ^fopkjçorZdvlk lans'k vkt rqEgh eyk fnyk!** gs ,sdY;kuarj ek= eyk vlsokVrs dh T;k mÌs'kkus eh rks lans'k fnyk rks v|ki R;kP;ki;Zariksgapykp ukgh- lans'kkeqGs yksdkauh ;ksX; rh —rh dj.;klkBhljlkoys ikfgts- dsoG R;kauh R;koj fopkjp dj.ks xSj vkgs-

rlsp nsokcjkscj ,df=r le; O;rhr dsY;koj foÜoklkyklØh; vlk çfrlkn feGkyk ukgh] ikikafxdkj d:u {kek;kpukdsyh ukgh] miklusph xksMh ykxyh ukgh rj vkiyk ,df=r;s.;kpk le; O;FkZ >kyk vls letkos-

tsOgk nsokP;k ysdjkps eLrd nsokP;k opukP;k Kkukus Hkjystkrs vkf.k R;kP;k ân;kr ifo= vkRE;kps gGwokj Lianu lq: gksrsrsOgkp rkj.kkÚ;k f[kzLrk'kh R;kaph laiw.kZ lgHkkfxrk lk/kyh tkrs-vktns[khy tsOgk eh ck;cy dkWyste/;s f'kdfo.;klkBh tkrks rsOgkeh ek÷;k fo|kF;kZuk lkaxr vlrks %

^^rqEgh ;k fBdk.kh ifo='kkL=kH;klkBh ;srk rsdsoG rqEgkyk ck;cyph ekfgrh Ogkoh] Kku feGkos;klkBh ;sr ukgh- ifo= 'kkL=ke/khy nso dks.k odlk vkgs gs tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh rqEgh ;sFks ;srk-**

vk/;kfRed vifjiDork vlyh Eg.kts rls foÜokl.kkjsbdMph&frdMph opus oki:u ewd lk{k nsr vlrkr- T;k xks"VhrqEgkyk rqeps ifo='kkL= vkf.k nso ;kaP;kiklwu nwj usrkr] R;k

eLrd vkf.k ân;


xks"VhaeqGs rqepk [kjk nsolgokl deh gksr tkrks] çlaxh rks u"Vghgksrks-

tsOgk foÜokl.kkjk nsokP;k le{krsP;k ikjn'khZ çdk'kkr oifo=rsr ;srks rsOgkp R;kph o çHkqph [kjh lgHkkfxrk gksrs- vlkçdk'k ex vusd xks"Vh m?kM djrks- R;kdfjrk LoxhZ; fiR;k'khvxnh eueksdGs vkf.k çkekf.kd laHkk"k.k dj.ks ek= xjtspsvlrs- nsokps opu okpY;kuarj rqeps ân; R;ke/khy lR;kykmRLQqrZ çfrlkn nsrs- rs lR; rqeP;k vkRE;klkBh iks"kd v™k Bjrsvkf.k ex rqEgh nsokP;k Kkukr vkf.k lwKi.kkr ok<r tkrk-Lrks=drkZ Eg.krks] ^^rq÷;k çdk'kkus vkEgh çdk'k ikgrks** ¼Lrks=36%9½-

,d tqus cks/kopu vktgh fdrh lR; vkgs %çdk'kkP;k vkKkikyukus eksBk çdk'k feGrksçdk'kkP;k vkKkHkaxkus dkGjk= mxors-

nqlÚ;kauk mins'k dj.ks lksis vlrs i.k Lor%yk mins'k dj.kso R;kçek.ks okx.ks Qkj vo?kM vlrs gs tls eyk letys rlsrs rqEgkykgh letys vkgs vls eyk okVrs- ;'k;k lans"Vîkus ;s'kwf[kzLrkyk vn~Hkqr ea=h* EgVys vkgs ¼;'k;k 9%6½ rs vxnh vizwivkgs dkj.k rks dsoG mins'k djhr ukgh rj R;kP;k mins'kkçek.ksokx.;kl rks vkEgkyk lgk¸;gh djrks-

jkst ldkGh tsOgk rqEgh nsokcjkscj ,df=r le; O;rhr djrkrsOgk fnolHkjkP;k rqeP;k loZ dkedktklkBh rqEgh Lor%yk lTtdjrk- nsokps opu okpr vlrkauk nso rqEgkyk mins'k djhr

43

vlrks- fnolHkj ts dkgh ?kM.kkj vkgs R;kdfjrk rqEgke/;s olrhdj.kkjk çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr rqeps lgk¸; o ekxZn'kZu dj.;kl leFkZvkgs-

vk/;kfRed rikl.kh

1- ifo='kkL= okprkauk ek>s ân; vkf.k ek>s eLrd ;ksX; çfrlkn nsrkr dka\2- eh çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk nsokcjkscj ek>s nqgsjh laHkk"k.k gksrs dk;\3- ek÷;k vk/;kfRed thoukr eh euq";kapk lYyk ?ksrks dk dh nsokpk ?ksrks\ ¼rkdhn ^^R;kP;k ;kstuslaca/kh R;kauh /khj /kjyk ukgh** ¼Lrks= 106%13½4- eh brjkauk lYyk nsrks rsOgk rs nsokP;k fçrhus HkjysY;k v'kk ek÷;k ân;krwu nsrks dka\ R;kosGh ek>s eu R;kP;k opukus Hkjysys vlrs dka ¼rkdhn % ^^rjh rs vkiyk gsdk u lksfMrk caM[kksjp jkfgys** Lrks= 106%43½

eLrd vkf.k ân;

v'kh ikrdsv'kh ikrdsv'kh ikrdsv'kh ikrdsv'kh ikrdsvusd ikikaph nsrks eh dcwyhvR;ar ?kkrdh v'kh ikrds &

miklukle;h txkP;k fparkpkaxY;k dkekekxs LokFkZ lnk

nsokP;k lkfu/;krgh xokZpk /;klva/kkjkr ej.kkÚ;k ftokph ukgh iokZ

çHkqP;k fçrhph pk[kwu rh xksMhgO;kl vls euh fo"kkjh v™kkpkLoxkZP;k iqjoBîkpk >jk vlwugh>qjrks euh dhVdkle d'kklkBh

ân; ek>s Qlos ?kMors v'kh ikrdsrqykp BkÅd fdrh nq%[k nsrkr rh !

fu"dkGthi.ks dlk eh jkst >ksih tkrksjkstph v'kh ikrds d/kh u iqlrktkxk gksrks lRdesZ dj.;kl eh

rjh ikrdkpk Mkx vlrks ân;kaoj

çHkq rq>h —ik rjh et ikejkojm)kjkpk Li'kZ gksrks ro —isLroçHkq —ik dj] ikgk ek>s gs nq%[k

n;k dj çHkq gsp eh ekxrks

rq÷;k iq=k}kjs fiR;k {kek dj eykdsyh v'kh ikrds vkRE;kfo#) rq÷;k-

foY;e eWDykMhZ caVhax¼1805&1866½ vkj-,-ch- Loh—r

çdj.k 3

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh

ek>s ifjorZu >kys R;kosGh eyk ifo='kkL=kfo"k;h QkjpFkksMh ekfgrh gksrh- ijarq ifo='kkL=kph ikus okprkauk eyk mexysdh eh nsokps opu okpr vkgs- nsokps opu okpr vlrkaukvktns[khy eyk okVrs dh çHkq et'kh cksyr vkgs-

eh uO;kusp f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj dsyk R;kosGh eyk lkax.;krvkys gksrs dh tsOgk ifo='kkL= okprks rsOgk ifo= vkREkk rh opusek÷;k ân;kr laftohr djhr vlrks- rsOgk eh nsockikcjkscj,df=r le; feGkok Eg.kwu çkFkZuk djhr vls- rh ;k çdkjs %

nsokP;k vkRE;k rw ek>k f'k{kd gksf[kzLrkfo"k;hps Kku eyk çxV djek÷;k gkrh rh vykSfdd fdYyh nsrh eyk ek÷;k ca/kkrwu eqDr djhy-

çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr vkiY;k f'k";kauk lksMwu fiR;kdMs tkrkauk rks

45


f'k";kauk Eg.kkyk] ^lR; vkRek ;sbZy rsOgk rks rqEgkyk ekxZ nk[kowuloZ lR;kr usbZy---** ¼;ksgku 16%13½-

vkiY;k thoukr tj ifo= vkREkk dk;Z dj.;klkBh eksdGkulsy rj vkiys 'kkL=okpu gs iksdG vkf.k O;FkZp Bjrs-

tkWu osLyh ¼nsokus R;kapk mi;ksx vBjkO;k 'krdke/;s fczVh'klektlq/kkj.ksdfjrk dsyk o baXyaMpk Økarhiklwu cpko dsyk½-R;kaukgh ,df=r le;kps egRo letys gksrs- Li/kkZ dj.;kpk ,degRokpk /kMk rs f'kdys gksrs- jk=h yodj >ksi.ks vkf.k igkVspmB.ks gh R;kaph f'kLr gksrh- osLyh igkVs 4 oktrk T;k [kksyhe/;s xqM?ks Vsdwu çkFkZuk djhr gksrs R;kp [kksyhr eykgh xqM?ks VsdwuçkFkZuk dj.;kph la/kh ykHkyh gksrh- R;kaP;k jkstfu'khe/;s ,dvorj.k eyk okpko;kl feGkys- ^^eh ,dVk clrks-----QDrnsop rsFks vlrks- R;kP;k mifLFkrhr eh R;kps iqLrd m?kMrks vkf.kokprks- ts eh okprks rsp f'kdforks-** rs okpwu ek>s var%dj.kgsykoys-

uok tUe ikoysY;k foÜokl.kkÚ;kadfjrk ;ksgku ifo= vkREkknsokP;k opuk}kjs dk;Z dj.;kl leFkZ vkgs vls vkÜoklu nsrkso R;kauk mÙkstugh nsrks- tjh dkgh yksd v'kkaP;k ekxZn'kZuklkBhmiyC/k ulys rjh ifo= vkREkk R;kauk lgk¸; djhyp- R;kauk;ksgku fyfgrks] ^rqEgkfo"k;h Eg.kk;kps rj R;kP;kdMwu rqepk tksvfHk"ksd >kyk rks rqEgke/;s jkgrks rsOgk rqEgkyk dks.kh f'kdfo.;kphxjt ukgh- R;kpk vfHk"ksd & rks lR; vkgs [kksVk ukgh & rqEgkykloZ xks"Vhafo"k;h f'kdforks R;kçek.ks o R;kus rqEgkyk f'kdfoY;kçek.ks

47

rqEgh R;kP;ke/;s jkgk** ¼1 ;ksgku 2%27½- tsOgk rqEgh ltxi.ksifo= vkRE;koj voyacwu jkgwu ifo='kkL= okprk rsOgk rks rqepsân; KkukP;k çdk'kkus mtGwu Vkdrks-

tj rqEgh rqepk ,df=r le; lQy o fu;ehr Ogkok v'khbPNk djhr vlky rj ,dkarkph tkxk fuoMk vkf.k fof'k"V osGBjowu vkiys ifo='kkL= nsokP;k lekxekr okpk- v'kk ,dkarle;h tjh rqeps ân; nsolgoklkr mYykflr gksr vlys rjhrqeps dqVqac] O;olk; fdaok brj dkgh dkj.kkaeqGs dkgh osGkrqEgkyk vMFkGk fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdrks- v'kkosGh rqEgh fu;fervl.ks vko';d vkgs- R;keqGs rqeph f[kzLrkP;k fçrhr o Kkukrok< gksrs- ifo= 'kkL=kdMs nqyZ{k dj.ks Eg.kts t.kw dk; rsrqeP;ktoG ukghp gs y{kkr Bsok-

bL=k,y yksd opunÙkHkwehdMs tkr vlrkauk nsokus R;kaP;kmiftfodslkBh LoxhZ; ek™kk R;kauk jkst iqjfoyk R;kpçek.ks vki.kjkst ifo='kkL=krwu vkiys vkfRed v™k xzg.k dj.;kl r;kjjkfgys ikfgts-

ifgys % tsOgk rqEgh nsokP;k lgoklkr ;sÅu ifo='kkL=okprk rsOgk rqEgh xqM?ks Vsdwup rs okpk-

nqljs % tks lkoZdkfyd çdk'k vkgs R;kP;k lehi tsOgk rqEgh;srk rsOgk rqeps ân; R;kP;k ifo= mifLFkrhus Hkjys ikfgts-R;kP;kiklwu rqEgh dkghgh yiow 'kdr ukgh ex yiokNioh d'kklkBhdjko;kph\

nsokleksj ;s.;kps rqEgh ,dnka Bjfoys dh ex 'kkL=opukapk

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


çdk'k rqEgkyk feGsy vkf.k ex nsokps opu rqeP;k eLrdkrwuân;kdMs okgkr vkgs ;kpk lqanj vuqHko rqEgkyk ;sbZy-

xqM?ks VsdkxfoZ"B eu ftoar lgHkkfxrk ?kMow 'kdr ukgh-

ifo='kkL=ke/;s vki.k iq"dG yksdkalaca/kh okprks dh nsokçrvknj vkf.k lefiZr Hkkouk Bso.;klkBh rs xqM?ks Vsdr vlr-dkgh f[kzLrh iaaaFk vkf.k eqLyhe yksd çkFkZusP;k osGh xqM?ks Vsdrkr-ijarq gh çFkk [kjks[kjp nsoklaxrh lgHkkfxrk lk/krsp vls ukgh-rjhgh tsOgk vki.k vkiyk fuekZ.kdrkZ vkf.k lnkftoh ijesÜoj;ktleksj ;srks rsOgk xqM?ks VsdY;keqGs vkiys eu o ân; ;kapho`Ùkh lq/kkjrs-

xsFk'ksekus ckxsr] ;s'kw f[kzLrkph o/kLraHkkoj f[kGys tk.;kphHk;adj osG toG vkyh gksrh rsOgk ;s'kwps f'k"; >ksih xsY;kps R;kusikfgys- ex rks FkksMîk varjkoj xsyk vkf.k R;kus xqM?ks Vsdwu fiR;kphçkFkZuk dsyh ¼ywd 22%41½- ;s'kw fiR;klkscr ,dVkp gksrk- tsOgkvki.k vkiY;k fe=ifjokjkaiklwu nsokP;k lekxekr ,dVs ;srks rsOgkvki.k ns[khy xqM?ks Vsdwu çkFkZuk dsyh ikfgts- R;ke/kwu nsokcÌyvlysyk vkiyk vknj vkf.k leiZ.k gsp çrhr gksrs-

lar ikSykus vkiys lsokdk;Z iw.kZ dsY;koj yksdkapk fujksi?ksrkauk rks fof'k"V çdkjs okxr vls- bfQldjkauk fujksi nsrkauk]^^R;kus xqM?ks Vsdwu R;k lokZacjkscj çkFkZuk dsyh** ¼izsf"kr 20%36½-,dnk leqnzrhjh R;kus R;kps f'k"; o ck;dk&eqykapk vlk fujksi

49

?ksryk % ^rsOgk fó;k o eqys ;kaP;klg lokZauh vkEgkyk uxjkckgsjiksgapfoys- rsFks leqnzkP;k fdukÚ;koj vkEgh xqM?ks Vsdwu izkFkZukdsyh** ¼çs-—- 21%5½- fL=;k o eqys v'kk lkoZtfud fBdk.khxqM?ks Vsdrkr gs n'; vkt ikg.kkjs dnkfpr Hkyrkp vFkZ dk<rhy-vki.k ns[khy d/kh çkFkZusP;k fBdk.kh xsyks rj xqM?ks Vsd.ks gsvkiY;kyk ,d QWM vkgs vls okVrs- vki.k tkLrhr tkLrvkjke'khj cl.;kpk ç;Ru djrks- ijarq lar ikSykP;k dkGkryksdkauk] fL=;kauk o eqykauk xqM?ks Vsd.;ke/;s dlyhgh vMp.kokVr uOgrh- Eg.kwu vki.k ns[khy lkoZtfud fBdk.kh fdaok,dkarkr çkFkZuk djrkauk xqM?ks Vsd.;kl yktw u;s-

rjhi.k ,d xks"V vki.k y{kkr Bsoyh ikfgts dh vki.kclwu vFkok mHks jkgwu] pkyr vlrkauk tjh çkFkZuk dsyh rjhvkiys eu o ân; nsokP;k lgoklkr ;srkauk ;ksX; o`Ùkh /kkj.kdsysys vlys ikfgts- ifo='kkL= Li"Vi.ks b'kkjk nsrs dh çkFkZukdjrs le;h vkiyh eukso`Ùkh ;ksX; vlyh ikfgts- ^nso xfoZ"Bkaukfojks/k djrks vkf.k yhukaoj —ik dfjrks- Eg.kwu nsokP;k v/khu Ogkvkf.k lSrkukyk vMok Eg.kts rks rqEgkiklwu iGwu tkbZy- nsoktoG;k Eg.kts rks rqEgktoG ;sbZy** ¼;kdksc 4%6&8½-

dkgh yksdkauk 'kkjhfjd O;k/khaeqGs izkFkZukle;h cjkp osGxqM?ks Vsd.ks 'kD; ulrs- rjh dkGth dj.;kps dkj.k ukgh- dkj.knso ân; ikj[khr vlrks- izkFkZusP;k vkiY;k fLFkrhis{kk nsokykvkiY;k ân;kph lqfLFkrh vf/kd egRokph vkgs- T;kauk 'kD; vkgsR;kauh xqM?ks Vsdwu izkFkZuk dj.ks vf/kd pkaxys- R;keqGs vkiyh

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


cq)h fr{.k gksrs vkf.k Hk;kog v'kk nsoklaxrh vki.k xqM?ks Vsdwucksy.ks gh ,d mRre la/khp vlrs- ex tlk fe= fe=k'kh cksyrksrls vki.k fuekZ.kdR;kZ'kh cksyw 'kdrks! vki.kk lokZalkBh ifo='kkókrhy ,d gqdwe Qkj egRokpk vkgs- ^^izHkqleksj uez Ogk**vkf.k tj vki.k R;kizek.ks okxyks rj nso vkiY;kyk vfHkopunsrks] ^^Eg.kts rks rqEgkl mPp djhy** ¼;kdksc 4%10½-

ân; m?kMknsokP;k —isP;k vklukiklwu ftoar lgHkkfxrsph lq#okrgksrs- uO;k djkjkr ;k —isP;k vklukyk ^;s'kwpk Øwl* vls

lacks/kys vkgs-

;s'kw f[kzLr o/kLraHkkoj ej.k iko.;kvxksnj nsokus R;kP;kvuar çhrhLro vkeP;k ikikcÌy R;kP;k funksZ"k iq=kyk ej.knaMfnyk ;klkBh dh cgdysY;k ekuotkrhyk nsokcjkscj iqUgk lgHkkfxrklk/krk ;koh- vkiY;k rkj.kdR;kZyk o/kLraHkh ns.;kvxksnjp nsokustkghj dsys dh rks —isP;k vklukik'kh R;kP;k ysdjkaph HksV ?ksbZy-^^rsFks eh rqyk HksVr tkbZu----eh n;kluko:u rq÷;k'kh cksyrtkbZu** ¼fuxZe 25%22½-

vkiY;k ikikcÌy >kysyk ;K gk vkt bfrgkltek >kykvkgs- ;s'kw f[kzLrkps eksyoku jDr lkaM.;kr vkys- ;s'kwP;k e`R;q}kjsvxE; çhrhLro vkEgh vkuankus Eg.krks % ^^rj ex vkiY;kojn;k Ogkoh vkf.k ,suosGh lgk¸;klkBh —ik feGkoh Eg.kwu vki.k/kS;kZus —isP;k jktkluktoG tkÅ** ¼bczh 4%16½-

51

n;k Eg.kts ts feGfo.;kl vki.k ik= vlrks rs nso nsrukgh] —ik Eg.kts ts feGfo.;kl vki.k vik= vlrks rs nsonsrks- vkiyk nso rks vki.kkl n;k o —ik nsrks- R;kP;k lgHkkfxrsrpky.ks fdrh lqanj vkgs-

okg.kkÚ;k çR;sd oknGh okÚ;kr]HkhrhP;k çR;sd Hk;kog ykVsr],d vlhe 'kkarh] ;'kLoh ek?kkj vlrs]rh dsoG n;kluk[kkyhp vlrs-,d tkxk vlrs tsFks ;s'kw]vkuankP;k rsykus eLrd fHktorks]v'kh tkxk eyk Qkj xksM okVrs]rh jDrkP;k eksykus ?ksrysyh n;klu vkgs-,d tkxk v'kh tsFks tho ,desdkar felGrkr]fe= fe=k'kh lgHkkfxrk lk/krkr]nwj vlys rjh foÜoklkus lehi vlrkr]rh tkxk Eg.kts ,d leku n;klu vkgs-vgk] enrhlkBh vki.k fdrhnk /kkorks]eksgkr] nq%[kkr] Hk;dkjd fLFkrhr]ujdkph lÙkk fdrhnk dCtk djrs]dk; larklkBh n;klu dqBs ukgh dk;\x#Mia[kkoj vkEgh Hkjkjh ekjrkss]dkG vkf.k laosnuk yqIr gksrkr]

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


rsOgk ftok HksV.;k LoxZp ;srks [kkyh]vkf.k n;klu oSHkoh eqxqV /kkj.k djrs-

,p-LVkWosyv'kq)rk vkf.k ftoar lgHkkfxrk ,d= jkgwp

'kdr ukgh-,[kk|k dqVqackr tUeysyk eqyxk gk R;k dqVqackrhy

vkbZ&ofMykapkp eqyxk vlrks- rks tUeyk ukgh vls d/khp gksrukgh- ijarq rks eqyxk ukBkG fu?kkyk rj R;kP;k vkbZ&ofMyka'kh rkslqlaokn lk/kw 'kdr ukgh- ukrs jkgrs i.k lgHkkfxrk lairs! vkf.kgs Qkj 'kksdtud vkgs-

vkiyk uok tUe >kyk rsOgk vkiY;k LoxhZ; fiR;kcjkscjvkiys lkoZdkfyd ukrs tqGrs gs tk.k.ks Qkj lqanj vkgs- vkiY;kân;kr vki.k [kjsi.kkus f[kzLrkyk Lohdkjys vlsy rj vki.knsokph ysdjs >kysys vlrks- gs ukrs vuardkG fVd.kkjs vlsvkgs- ijarq tsOgk vki.k iki djrks rsOgk gs ukrs rqVrs-

vkiY;k vkKkHkaxkeqGs nsokps vkiY;k thoukrhy vki.kiwohZ vkuankus feGfoysys vk'khokZn vki.k xekorks- ikjn'khZlgHkkfxrsyk xsysyk gk rMk nsokdMwu fufÜpr iMysyk ulrks-rh lgHkkfxrk vYidkG fdaok nh?kZdkGh rqVysyh vlyh rjhR;kl nso dkj.khHkwr ulrks- vkeP;k Hkz"V eukeqGsp eksBh njhvki.k fuekZ.k djrks- nsokcjksjp vlysyh lqanj lgHkkfxrk Uk"Vdj.;kl vki.kp tckcnkj vlrks-v'kq) eu % % % % % tkWu cuh;u Eg.kkys gksrs % ^^iki eyk ifo=

53

'kkókiklwu nwj djrs rj ifo= 'kkó eyk ikikiklwu nwj Bsfors-ifo= vkRE;kyk f[kUu d:u tj dks.kh letwu metwu iki dsysrj nsokP;k opukph R;kph Hkwd e:u tkrs- Eg.kwu f[kzLrheuq";klkBh foosdiw.kZ eu vR;ko'kd vkgs- nsokP;k opuklaca/khR;kyk tks'kiw.kZ vkf.k xk< fo'okl gok- ifo= 'kkó Eg.krs]^^fo'oklkf'kok; R;kyk larks"kfo.ks v'kD; vkgs- dkj.k nsoktoGtk.kkÚ;kus vlk fo'okl Bsoyk ikfgts dh rks vkgs vkf.k R;kpk'kks/k >Vwu dj.kkÚ;kauk rks izfrQG ns.kkjk vkgs** ¼bczh 11%6½-

ijarq vki.k vkiY;k ikikdMs lrr nqyZ{k d: ykxyks rjifo= 'kkó okprkauk vkiyk fo'okl e`r >kysyk vlsy dkj.kvkiyk foosd ifo= vkRek dk; lkaxrks vkgs ;k laca/kh folaxr>kysyk vlrks-tkxr eu % % % % % iki dsY;kuarj nsokcjkscj vkiyh lgHkkfxrkuO;kus çLFkkfir djko;kph vlsy rj vkiyk Hkz"V foosd iqUgkrkGîkoj vk.kyk ikfgts] R;kaps 'kqf)dj.k dsys ikfgts- v'kknks"kkiklwu eqDr gks.;klkBh v'kk nks"kik= f[kzLrh O;Drhus vkiysiki nsokiq<s dcwy dsys ikfgts vkf.k vkiys ân; nsokleksj m?kMsdsys ikfgts- lar ;ksgku Eg.krks %

^^tj vki.k vkiyh ikis injh ?ksryh rj rks foÜoluh;o U;k;h vkgs Eg.kwu vkiY;k ikikaph {kek djhy ovkiY;kyk loZ vuhrhiklwu 'kq) djhy** ¼11111 ;ksgku11111%99999½;k 'kkL=kHkkxk 'kstkjhp eh ek÷;k ifo= 'kkL=kr ,d çkFkZuk

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


fyfgyh vkgs- rh ,Q-MCY;w-Øwepj ;kaph vkgs- tsOgk eh ek÷;kpqdhcÌy tkx`r gksrks rsOgk nsokP;k n;klukleksj eh ek>h ikrdsekaMrks- ex eh Øwepj ;kaph rh çkFkZuk Eg.krks R;k çkFkZusojpek>h iki dcwyh vk/kkfjr vlrs-

^^gs çHkq] ek÷;k nsok] rqtfo#) eh iki dsys vkgs- R;keqGseh f[k™k vkgs- eh Lor%yk R;kcÌy nks"k nsrks- rq>h n;k vxk/kvkgs vlk ek>k foÜokl vkgs- çk;f'pÙkkps jDr ekÖ;k foosdcq)hojf'kaiM- ekÖ;klkBh ts nq%[k rw lgu dsys R;kph Li"V tk.kho eykgksÅ ns] ek>k foÜokl Okk<o-**

vki.k th th ikrds djrks rh ,dkp osGsl djhr ukgh- exvki.k vkiY;k loZ ikrdkaph ,dkp cSBdhr dcwyh dka |koh cjs\^vkeP;k loZ ikrdkaph {kek dj* vls nsokyk Eg.k.ks Eg.kts ,dkosGsl loZ ikikaP;k {kesph ekx.kh dj.ks gks;- ;kekxs vkiys xfoZ"Bân;p vlrs- vki.k çkekf.kdi.ks ,dsd ikrdkph {kek ekxwuiqUgk nsokP;k bPNsçek.ks loZdkgh dj.;kl r;kj jkfgys ikfgts-vkiY;k nks"kkps fujkdj.k vkiY;k ,doV v'kk iki{kesP;k fouarheqGsvxnh vYi çek.kkr gksrs- ifo= vkRE;kus vkiY;k fun'kZuklvk.kysys dks.krsgh iki vlks R;kyk ifo= 'kkL=kr ts ukao fnysvkgs R;kps o.kZu dsys ikfgts- v'kh ikis&Eg.kts lQsn yckMhpvkgs] HkjdV.kkjs eu rs O;fHkpkjh eup vkgs] cslko/ki.ks okijysys'kCn Eg.kts gR;sP;k lwMkus Hkjysys frjLdkjkps 'kCnp vkgsr-

nks"kh vl.;kph dsoG Hkkouk vl.ks vkf.k çR;{k nks"khvl.;kph dcwyh ns.ks ghp vkiyh [kjh leL;k vkgs- nsokP;k

55

lkfu/;kr vkY;kuarj vki.k nqVIih LoHkko nk[kow u;s- nsokiq<sçR;sd iki R;kP;k ukoklg vki.k ekaMys rj nso R;kP;k n;suqlkjçR;sd ikikph {kek djhy- nsokph —ik v'kh vR;ar vkÜp;Zdkjdvkgs-

nkfonkus R;kps 'kksdtud iki nsokiq<s dcwy dsys rsOgk rksvkuankus mn~xkjyk] ^^gss nsok rwa vkiY;k foiqy d#.ksyk vuql:uek>s vijk/k iqlwu Vkd** ¼Lrks= 51%1½- ;kp Lrks=kr vki.kikgkrks dh nkfon dsoG HkXuân; ?ksÅu nsokdMs iÜpkrki djhrukgh rj vR;ar eukiklwu o dGoGwu R;kus iÜpkrki dsyk- tsOgkrqEghgh iÜpkrki djrk rsOgk eukiklwu vkf.k vR;ar dGdGhus rksdsyk rjp rqEgkyk nsokP;k foiqy d#.kspk vuqHko ;sbZy- R;keqGsrqepk foosd LoPN gksbZy vkf.k nsokph ifo= lgHkkfxrk iqUgk ,dnkrqEgkyk vuqHkork ;sbZy-

çseG nsockikP;k foiqy d#.kseqGs rqepk lnln~foosd LoPN>kyk Eg.kts rqEgh /kS;kZus çkFkZuk dj.;kl iqUgk r;kj Ogky-

^^Eg.kwu ca/kqtugks]----ijeifo= LFkkukr ;s'kwP;kjDrk}kjs ços'k dj.;kps vkiY;kyk /kS;Z vkys vkgs----Eg.kwu [kÚ;k var%dj.kkus o foÜoklkP;k iw.kZ [kkrjhusvki.k toG ;sÅ** ¼bczh- 1010101010%1919191919]2222222222½-'kq) foosdkeqGs vki.k nsokiq<s /kS;kZus ;sÅ 'kdrks- nsoklaxrh

vkuannk;d lgHkkfxrk lk/kko;kph vlsy rj ikjn'khZ ân; gos-R;krwup vkiY;kyk /kS;Z o foÜokl çkIr gksrks-

rqeps ân; 'kq) vlsy rj xrikrdkaeqGs rqEgh 'kkar Ogky

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


vkf.k rqqeph foosdcq)h fLFkj jkghy- vFkkZr lSrku rqEgkyk nks"knsr jkghy- R;kyk mÙkj ns.;klkBh nsop rqeps lgk¸; djhy vkf.k;s'kw f[kzLrkps ekyoku jDr gsp rs mÙkj vkgs- çdVhdj.kkP;kiqLrdkr T;k larkaP;k ikrdkaph nsokus {kek dsyh R;kaP;koj lSrkulrr nks"kkjksi djhr gksrk] rsOgk R;k larkauk ;s'kwP;k veksy jDrkphvkBo.k gksr gksrh- R;k larklaca/kh EgVys vkgs] ^R;kyk ¼lSrkukyk½R;kauh dksdÚ;kP;k jDrkeqGs o vkiY;k lk{khP;k opukeqGs ftadys**¼çdVh 12%11½- vkiyk foosd 'kq) jk[kY;keqGs R;kauk vkuan>kyk ,o<sp uOgs rj vkiyk foosd dlk fLFkj jk[kkok gs ghR;kauk f'kdko;kl feGkys- gkysyq;k!

pqdhP;k euksoÙkhus ftoar lgHkkfxrk feGr ukgh-

nssokP;k opukph fuÚ;k nq/kkçek.ks bPNk yksd dka djhr ukgh;kekxs ,d Nqis dkj.k vkgs- rqeP;k ckcrhr rls d/kh ?kMys vkgsdk;\ rqeph Hkwd d/kh esyh gksrh dka\ tso.k fdrhgh pfo"V vlysrjh rqEgkyk rs [kkosls okVys ukgh- rqEgh tsOgk vktkjh iMrk rsOgktso.kkojph rqeph bPNk ukgh'kh gksrs- rlsp tsOgk rqeph eukso`Ùkhfc?kMysyh vlrs rsOgk vkfRed v™kkojph rqeph bPNk ukgh'khgksrs-

is= Eg.krks dh rqEgh vkfRed fuÚ;k nq/kkph bPNk ckGxk¼1 is= 2%2½- nsokP;k ;k iks"kd v™kkojph bPNk d'kh ukgh'khgksrh ;k laca/kh is= Li"Vhdj.k nsrks- nsokcjkscj vki.k ,df=rle; xqtkjrks rsOgk ts vMFkGs fuekZ.k gksrkr R;kfo"k;h rks lkaxrks-

57

vkfRed Hkwdsyk ekjd vl.kkjk çR;sd vMFkGk vki.k nwj dsykikfgts- tj vkiY;kyk vkfRed v™kkph dMdMwu Hkwd ykxkohvls okVr vlsy rj vkiyh fc?kMysyh eukso`Ùkh vki.k lewGcnyyh ikfgts & Eg.ktsp ^iÜpkrki* dsyk ikfgts!

^Eg.kwu loZ nq"Vi.kk] loZ diV] <ksax] gsok o loZ nqHkkZ"k.klksMwu--- uwru tUeysY;k ckydklkj[ks fuÚ;k nq/kkph bPNk /kjk**¼1 is= 2%1&2½-

vki.kke/khy vkfRed jksx] ts vkiyh vkfRed Hkwd ek:uVkdrkr] vkiY;kyk vkfRed fuÚ;k nq/kkiklwu nwj Bsorkr] v'kkjksxkapk vki.k çFke mipkj dsyk ikfgts- v'kk ,dsdk jksxklac/akh vki.k FkksMD;kr fopkj d: ;k-}s"k %}s"k %}s"k %}s"k %}s"k % nqlÚ;kauh vkiY;kyk ;ksX; rÚgsus okxfoys ukgh rj vki.kR;kaP;koj jkxkorks- R;kaP;kfo#) okxrks- ;kekxs vkiyh {kek'khyo`Ùkh ulrs-

uk>h yksdkaP;k Nko.khr dksjhVsu cweus vufUor NG Hkksxyk-frph eSf=.k] fryk [kwi fç; gksrh- uk>hauh frP;k ns[kr R;klarkleku eSf=.khps gky gky d:u fryk ek:u Vkdys- v'kkHk;adj Øwj f'kik;kauk ns[khy frus {kek dsyh- rsOgk rh Eg.kkyh]

^^{kek dj.;kph —fr bPNsuqlkj ?kMrs- ân;kP;kvoLFksoj bPNk'kDrh voyacwu ulrs-**

rqeP;k eukr ,[kk|kyk {kek u dj.;kph Hkkouk vlsy &ex R;k O;Drhus rqepk fdrh NG dsyk vlsy & rqEgh R;kyk {kekdsyh ukgh rj R;kyk Qkj =kl gks.kkj ukghijarq rqeps vkfRed

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


thou ek= ?kqleVwu tkbZy ! R;k O;Drhph {kek djhi;Zar rqEghek= frP;k ca/kukr jkgky- R;kposGh çHkqus f'kdfoysyh çkFkZukrqEgh d: 'kdky ^^vkEgkyk vkeP;k ikikaph {kek dj] dkj.kvkEghgh vkiY;k çR;sd _.;kyk {kek djrks** ¼ywd 11%4½- tjrqEgh rqeP;k var%dj.kkrhy }s"k letr vlky rj R;k O;Drhph{kek djk- nsokcjkscj rqEgh tsOgk ,df=r le;kr ;srk rsOgkrqEgkyk ;kph tk.kho gksbZy- ex T;kus rqeP;k fo#) dkgh dsysvlsy v'kk O;Drhçr nsokph fçrh rqEgh çekf.kdi.ks nk[kow 'kdrk!

yckMh % % % % % vkiys iki dcwy u djrk R;koj ika?k:.k ?kky.ks fdaokR;kps mnkjhdj.k dj.ks- çkekf.kdi.kk,soth <ksaxhi.kkus tx.ks-<ksaxhi.kk % % % % % vkiY;klaca/kh voktoh] pqdhps o xfoZ"Bi.kkps fp=brjkaiq<s mHks dj.ks- vki.k dks.kh ulrkauk dks.khrjh fo'ks"k vkgksrvls Hkklfo.ks- yksdkauh Eg.kts ikyd] fe=] lgdkjh vkiY;kykekukos ;k HkkousP;k eqGk'kh <ksaxhi.kk vlrks-eRlj % % % % % nqlÚ;kP;k vkuankr Hkkx u ?ksrk la'k;kus R;kdMsikgk.ks- nqlÚ;kauk ts çkIr >kys vkgs rs vkiY;kykgh feGkosv'kh gkojsi.kkph Hkkouk-nqHkkZ"k.k % % % % % vkiY;k ftHksus nqlÚ;kafo"k;h okbZV cksy.ks fdaoknqlÚ;kaps pkfj«; guu gksbZy vls ,sd.ks- vkiY;k Lor%P;kikikaph rhozrk deh Ogkoh Eg.kwu nqlÚ;kaP;k thoukrhy ikiklaca/khpohus cksy.ks fdaok ,sd.ks-

nsokP;k opukus vkiys vkfRed thou lqn`< gks.;klkBh

59

v'kk xks"Vh vki.k nwj lkjY;k ikfgtsr- uotkr ckydkyk Hkwdykxrs rsOgk R;kyk nw/k fi.;klkBh vkxzg djkok ykxr ukgh- rlsprqEgkyk tsOgk vkfRed Hkwd ykxrs rsOgk ifo= 'kkL= okp.;klkBhrqEgkyk vkxzg dj.;kph xjt ulrs- rqeph vk/;kfRed o`f)Ogkoh Eg.kwu fuÚ;k nq/kkph ¼opukph½ bPNk /kjk ¼1 is= 2%2½-ftoar lgHkkfxrk vkf.k Lodsafær thou ,d= jkgw'kdr ukgh-

,dk tikuh efgysdMwu frP;k orhus dke dj.;klaca/kh eyk,d i= vkys- T;k fBdk.kh iksgpwu dks.kh lsokdk;Z d: 'kdrukgh v'kk fBdk.kh rh dk;Z djhr gksrh & ljdkjh vkf.k jktdh;orqZGkr vkf.k mPpHkzq yksdkr frps dk;Z pkyw gksrs- frus fyfgysgksrs%

^^Loudkj d:u Lor%pk o/kLraHk mpywu pky.ks ;klaca/khdk; >kys vkgs\ f[kzLrh thouklac/kh dkgh iqLrds eh pkGyh rsOgkek÷;k y{kkr dkgh xks"Vh vkY;k- th vusd iqLrds eh xsY;kohliapohl o"kkZr okpyh R;ke/kwu ,dp eqÌk fu"i™k gksr gksrk &^rs rwa Lor% dj*] ts.ks d:u f[kzLrh yksdkaps thou lq/kkjsy] rq>sghthou vFkZiw.kZ gksbZy- eh lq#okrhyk th iqLrds okpyh R;ke/;sLoukdkjkoj Hkj fnysyk gksrk] jkst o/kLraHk okgko;kpk gksrk]ifo= thou txko;kps gksrs] f[kzLrkr jkgwu R;kyk ek÷;k thoukrdk;Z d: |ko;kps gksrs- gh f'kdo.k gGwgGw vn`'; gksr gksrhdk;\ fdaok eh R;klaca/kh dsoG dYiukp djhr gksrs dk;\**

^^,dk fpuh ys[kdkus v'kkp vk'k;kps fopkj ekaMys vkgsr-

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


rks fyfgrks] ^îfÜpesdMhy jk"Vªkr fdaok eqDr txke/;s ;s'kwP;kfot;h iqu#RFkkukis{kk yksd osxGk fopkj djhr vkgsr vls fnlrs-rlsp ukrs R;kauk f[kzLrk'kh gos vkgs- iqu#fRFkr ;s'kwpk fot;]HkjHkjkV vkf.k loZ dkgh vck/khvkckn vls R;kauk ikfgts- vxnhFkksMs yksd f[kzLrkP;k nq%[klgukr lgHkkxh gksrkr- ;kmyV vk'kh;ke/khy eaMGîkaph fLFkrh vkgs] fo'ks"kr% tsFks ifjfLFkrh vf/kd ca/kudkjd vkgs v'kk ns'kkr osxGhp fLFkrh vkgs- rsFkhy foÜokl.kkjsf[kLrkP;k nq%[kk'kh eukiklwu lejl gksrkr- R;kaP;kers f[kzLrkdfjrknq%[k Hkksx.ks gs R;kaP;kdfjrk mÙke ikfjrksf"kd vkgs-**

f[kzLrkP;k eR;w'kh vuq#i gks.ksçsf"kr ikSykus Lor% çkFkZuk dsyh %^^rks ¼çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr½ o R;kP;k nq%[kkph lgHkkfxrk o R;kP;k

iqu#RFkkukps lkeF;Z ákaph R;kaP;k ej.kkyk vuq#i gksÅu ehvksG[k d:u |koh** ¼fQfyIiS 3%10½-

vkekslus v'kkp çdkjs çHkq ;s'kwcjkscj lgHkkfxrk lk/k.;kphmPp egRokdka{kk ckGxyh gksrh- R;klaca/kh ikSykus fopkjys vkgs-îwoZladsr dsY;kf'kok; nks?kst.k ,desdkacjkscj pkyrhy dk;\*¼vkeksl 3%3½- tj ;s'kwP;k iqu#RFkkUkkP;k lkeF;kZr pky.;kphvki.k bPNk dsyh vlsy rj vFkkZrp vki.k R;kP;k nq%[kkpsokVsdjh gks.ks vko';d vkgs- v/kZoV Lohdkj Eg.kts LohdkjuOgsp-

ikSykpk çsf"krh; vf/kdkj >qxkj.kkÚ;k R;kP;k uohuf'k";kalaca/kh fcu'krZ çhfr dj.;klaca/kh ikSykus useD;k 'kCnkrEgVys] ^êh rqeP;k ftokalkBh Qkj vkuankus [kpZ djhu o eh

61

Lor% loZLoh [kphZ iMsu- eh rqEgkoj vfr'k;p çhfr djrksEg.kwu rqEgh ek÷;koj deh çhfr djrk dk;\** ¼2 dfjaFk 12%15½-vk.k[kh R;kus [kÚ;k fçrhph O;k[;k d:u tksjnkj leFkZu dsys %çhfr lgu'khy vkgs] ijksidkjh vkgs----LokFkZ ikgkr ukgh-----** ¼1 dfjaFk 13%4&5½-

;s'kw f[kzLrk)kjs v'kk çdkjph dBh.k nq%[klgu dj.kkjh]fuLokFkhZ çhfr nk[kfo.;kr vkyh- çhfr'kwU; txke/;s ;s'kw vkykrsOgk ekuoh nsgkrwu R;kus nsokph ifjiw.kZ çhfr d'kh vkgs gs Lor%nk[kowu fnys- R;kps 'kCn] R;kps fopkj] R;kph —rh] fiR;kP;kbPNsyk laiw.kZ eku nsÅu R;kçek.ks dj.ks ;ke/kwu R;kph fuLleh]fuLokFkhZ çhfrp fnlwu ;srs- R;kP;k lsosP;k çkjaHkkiklwu rs FksVR;kP;k o/kLraHkkojhy çk.kkiZ.kki;Zar ;s'kwus ,d iw.kZ ekuo Eg.kwuR;kyk ts vf/kdkj gksrs R;kapk R;kus d/khp okij dsyk ukgh vkf.kLoghr lk/k.;kpk ç;Rugh d/kh dsyk ukgh-

i`Fohrykojhy R;kP;k rsgrhl o"kkZaP;k vk;q";kr R;kus Lor%psthou lefiZr dsys ¼1 ;ksgku 3%16½ o R;k}kjs brjkaps ghr tiys-tsOgk Øwlkps Hk;adj nq%[k R;kyk lkslko;kps gksrs R;kcÌy vki.kokprks % ^;s'kwus vkrk ák txkrwu fiR;kdMs tk.;kph vkiyh osGvkyh vkgs gs tk.kwu txkrhy Lodh;kaoj R;kps ts çse gksrs rs R;kus'ksoVi;Zar dsys* ¼;ksgku 13%1½-

R;kus [kjks[kj 'ksoVi;Zar çhfr dsyh- Eg.kwu vkiY;k rkj.kkÚ;k'khvkiY;kyk [kjh lgHkkfxrk lk/kko;kph vlsy rj Loijh{k.kklkBh,d ç'u vki.k Lor%yk fopkjk-

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


nsokus T;k lqla/kh o lqfo/kk eyk fnY;k R;keh LoghrklkBh okijrks dk fdaok R;k lqfo/kkapkmi;ksx eh nqlÚ;kaP;k dY;k.kkdfjrk djrks vkf.kR;kcnY;kr nq%[k lgu dj.;klkBh eh r;kjvkgs dk;\

^eh&eh* dj.kkÚ;k vktP;k LokFkhZ fi<hr nsokph çhfr gkfojks/kkHkkl vkgs- vktph fi<h vls ekurs dh Loçse gk ln~xq.kvkgs- nqlÚ;kaP;k dY;k.kkis{kk Lor%ps dY;k.k gs egRokps vkgs-v'kk çdkjph LokFkhZo`Ùkh cGkor tk.ks gs 'ksoVY;k fnolkaps y{k.kvkgs vls 'kkL=opu lkaxrs % ek.kls LokFkhZ] /kuyksHkh--- nsokojçse dj.;k,soth lq[kfoyklkph vkoM /kj.kkjh gksrhy** ¼2 rheF;3%2]4½-

Eg.kwup vysD>kaMj eWdyWVsu Eg.krks] ^^vR;qPp vkfRedvkuankçr us.kkjk ekxZ gk Loçsekyk foOgG d:u jDrkus ek[kysykvlrks-**

dks.krsgh iki] ex rs fopkjkus fdaok vkpkjkus ?kMys vlsy]R;k}kjs vkiY;k vuqoa'khd ikih LoHkkokpk rks Toyar iqjkokpvlrks- psacj ;klaca/kh Eg.krkr] ^ek>k gDd gk dsoG ek÷;klkBhpvkgs** vls ikih yksd letrkr- ex vls yksd uSfrdrk&vuSfrdrk;kpk fopkj djhr ukghr- LokFkhZi.kk vkf.k funZ;i.ks dsysyh pksjh;krhy Hksn let.ks lksis vkgs- ijarq ek.klkrhy LokFkZ gk vusdxw< ekxkZauh iq<s ;sr vlrks gs vki.k /;kukr Bsoys ikfgts-

dqVqackr] lektkr fdaok eaMGhe/;s ts rk.kr.kko fuekZ.k

63

gksrkr R;klkBh ^eh o ek>k gDd* gh fopkjlj.khp dkj.khHkwrvlrs- ek>k iSlk] ek>k osG] ek>h i)r] ek>h bPNk] ek>hxjt ;kaps Lrks= ektrs- T;ke/kwu nsokph çhfr ijkofrZr gksr ukgh-v'kk loZ xks"Vh Eg.kts euq";kP;k ân;krhy LokFkhZi.kkp gks;-

ek>k LoxhZ; n"Vhdksuvkiyh Lodsafær o`Ùkh U;kgkG.;kpk ,deso pkaxyk ekxZ

Eg.kts vki.k nsokP;k n`f"Vdksukrwu Lor%dMs ikfgys ikfgts-ikSykP;k dyLlSdjkl fyfgysY;k i=kçek.ksp ts-ch- fQfyIl R;kaP;k^r#.k eaMGîkl fyfgysY;k i=kar Eg.krkr]

^^vkEghgh rqEgklkBh [kaM iMw u nsrk çkFkZuk d:u ekxrksdh] loZ vk/;kfRed Kku o cqf) ákP;k}kjs rqEgh R;kP;k bPNslaca/khP;k iw.kZ Kkukus Hkjys tkos** ¼dyLlS 1%9½-

ikSykps vuqdj.k d:u tsOgk vki.k vkiys vk/;kfRed p{kwm?kMkosr Eg.kwu nsokyk çkFkZuk djrks rsOgkp vkiY;k oS;fDrdthoukrhy [kjh fLFkrh vkiY;kyk fnlrs- vkiY;k Lodsafær oÙkhP;kutjsrwu uOgs rj nsokP;k LoxhZ; n`"Vhus vki.k ikfgys ikfgts-nsokP;k vk/;kfRed yksdkarwup vkiY;kyk vkiY;k thourhy [kjsdk; rs fnlw 'kdrs-

ek>h vkf.k MkWjFkhph eSf=.k felsl lk;ysUl ghus ,dk jk=hçkFkZukiwoZd frP;k dqVqackrhy r.kkokdMs LoxhZ; n`"Vhus ikfgys rsOgkfryk [kwi gyds okVys- jk=h 2%00 oktrk VsfyQksuph ?kaVk oktyhvkf.k rh tkxh >kyh- ^vkt jk=h rq>h eksVkj dks.k pkyfor gksrs

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


rqyk BkÅd vkgs dk;\ vls ,dk iksfyl vf/kdkÚ;kus frykfopkjys- frus mÙkj fnys ^^gks; ek>h nksu eqys ck;cy dkWUQjallaiowu ?kjh eksVkjhus ijr ;sr gksrh-** rks vf/kdkjh Eg.kkyk]^^rq÷;klkBh okbZV ckreh vkgs- Mªk;Ogj xkMh pkyrkauk >ksiykvkf.k jLR;kP;k dMsyk vl.kkÚ;k >kMkoj xkMh vknGyh- rkstkxhp ej.k ikoyk o nqljk e`R;w'kh >qat nsr vkgs- rks txsy vlsokVr ukgh- ^gh Hk;adj ckreh ,sdwu rh ekrk vfr'k; xkaxjyh-frps nksUgh eqykaoj Qkj çse gksrs-

VsfyQksu frus [kkyh Bsoyk vkf.k LoxhZ; fiR;kpk /kkok dsyk]^^gs ckik] v'kk Hk;adj ifjfLFkrhr ,dk vkbZus vkrk dk;djkos**\ ;ksX; fn'ksus fopkj dj.ks vkf.k çkFkZuk dj.ks gs rh f'kdyhgksrh- uarj frus eyk lkafxrys] ^loZ fLFkrhr midkjLrqrh djk**;k opukpk frus vk/kkj ?ksryk ¼11111 FksLly 55555%1818181818½- R;k iq<s çkFkZukdjhr jkfgY;k] ^ijarq gs fiR;k vkrk ek>s ân; midkjLrqrh d:'kdr ukgh- rs FkaM vkf.k vxnh fjdkes >kys vkgs] R;kyk çpaMgknjk clyk vkgs- ijarq ;k Hk;k.k jk=h eh rq÷;k opukps ikyudjhu- rs djhr vlrkauk rw ek÷;k ân;kr peRdkj ?kMo- ehrq>h vkKk ikGwu Eg.kts çHkw eh rq>s vkHkkj ekurs rsOgk rw rs [kjsdj dkj.k çHkw ;k nq/kZj çlaxh eh [kjsp rq>s vkHkkj dls cjs ekuw\v'kk jhrhus felsl lk;yalus vkiyk foÜokl nk[kowu çkFkZukdsyh-

;k e`nw ân;kP;k L=hus eyk lkafxrys dh tsOgk frus çFkeEgVys] ^^çHkq rwa dks.k vkgsl R;kcÌy eh vkHkkj ekurs**- rsOgk

65

frps ân; FkaM o fjdkes >kys gksrs- ijarq tsOgk frus çHkqps vkHkkjokjaokj ekuys rsOgk ifo= vkRE;k}kjs peRdkj ?kMyk- ifo=vkRE;kus frP;k nq%[kh ân;kr 'kkarh Hkjyh vkf.k eukiklwu rhçHkqps vkHkkj ekuwa ykxyh- R;k Hk;k.k jk=hP;k osGh nsokpk dSokjhifo= vkRek frP;k vkKkikyukyk ;ksX; çfrlkn nsr gksrk- nsokP;kvxk/k çhrhpk vuqHko fryk ;sr gksrk- ldkG gksbZi;Zar frP;kMksGîkrhy vJw okgrp gksrs- ijarq nsokP;k vuU; 'kkarhpkgh frykvuqHko ;sr gksrk-

nsokP;k vykSfdd —isph gh lk{k vkgs- nsokusp R;k Hk;adjnq%[kh ekrsyk R;kP;k çhrhP;k os"Vukus yisVys- felsl lk;yalvxnh Bke foÜoklkus Eg.kkY;k dh R;k Hk;k.k jk=h loZ cf)lkeF;kZiyhdMs vlysyh nsokph 'kkarh R;kaP;k ân;kr vksr%çksr Hkjyhgksrh- tsOgk ,[kkns ladV dkslGrs rsOgk nsokcjkscj pky.ks R;krekuoh n`f"Vdksu vkf.k LoxhZ; n`f"Vdksu fdrh fHk™k vlrkr gsfelsl lk;yaluh fl) dsys vkgs-

tsOgk nsokcjkscj rqeph ?kfu"V lgHkkfxrk vlrs rsOgk rqEgkykns[khy letsy dh midkjLrqrh vkf.k foÜokl gh nksUgh ,desdka'khfuxMhr vlrkr- midkjLrqrheqGs rqeps ân; foÜoklkus Hk:uokgrs- rqeP;k ifjfLFkrhph tk.kho o cny nso nk[kowu nsrks &ifjfLFkrh pkaxyh vlks fdaok okbZV & rks R;kP;k n`"Vhus vkiY;kykikgko;kl ykorks- v'kk LoxhZ; n`f"Vus vki.k ikfgys rj nsovkiY;kyk [kk=h iVowu nsrks o vkiY;k nq%[kh ân;koj Qqadj?kkyrks- ^^nsokoj çhfr dj.kkÚ;kal Eg.kts R;kP;k ladYikçek.ks

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


cksykfoysY;kl nsokP;k dj.khus loZ xks"Vh feGwu dY;k.kdkjd gksrkr**¼jkse 8%28½- ;kopukrhy lR; gs d/khp FkaM ok fjDr jkgrukgh- nsokus gs vn~Hkqr lR; vkiY;kyk fnys vkgs vkf.k rsvkiY;k ân;kr lrr fuuknr jkfgys ikfgts- tsOgk rqEgkyk vlkvuqHko ;srks rsOgk nsokph Lrqrh djk! tsOgk rqEgh fujk'k gksrk rsOgknsokph Lrqrh djk- rqEgkyk nsokP;k çhfrpk vuqHko ;sbZi;Zar Lrqrhdjk- vkiY;k thoukr vlk ,dgh çlax ulrks dh tsOgk vki.knsokph Lrqrh d: 'kdr ukgh-

e/; iwosZr vxnh r.kkoiw.kZ okrkoj.kkr lsok dj.kkÚ;k dkghfe'kuÚ;kaps eyk o MkWjFkhyk uqdrsp ,d i= vkys- LVWu vkiY;ki=kr fyfgrks] ^ek>k dSokjh Eg.kwu uOgs rj nsokP;k xq.kkeqGs ehR;kph Lrqrh dsyhp ikfgts**- {kek'khyrs laca/kh dksjh Vsu cwe Eg.krsrlsp vki.k EgVys ikfgts dh nsokph Lrqrh dj.ks gh bPNsph —rhvkgs- ân; dls vkgs ;koj nsokph Lrqrh dj.ks ;klaca/khph bPNkdj.ks voyacwu ulrs- tsOgk vki.k R;kph Lrqrh dj.;kph fuoMrksrsOgk rks vkiys var%dj.k rstLoh cuforks] 'kkarhus Hkjrks- R;kphv{k; 'kkarh ân;kr olrs & ex vkiyh ifjfLFkrh d'khgh vlks-

çR;sd xks"Vhlaca/kh vki.k vkHkkj ekuo;kps ukgh rj çR;sdxks"Vhr vki.k vkHkkj ekuko;kps vkgsr gs /;kukr ?;k-

vkiY;k LoxhZ; n`"Vhus vki.k eukiklwuvkHkkj ekuhr vlrks- rks foÜoklkpk Hkkx vlrks-R;keqGs nq%[kkilwu Lor%ph dho dj.ks nwj gksrs-

vki.k eafnjkr vlwa fdaok nok[kkU;kr ijarq gs lR; vkgs-

67

thoukr oknGs mBrkr v'kkosGh loZ= vk<G.kkjh Lor%ph dho*dj.;kph o`Ùkh mpacGwu ;srs- ijarq f[kzLr dsafær ân; dks.kR;kghifjfLFkrhr çHkqph Lrqrhp djhy-

^^nq%[kkP;k ifgY;kp vk?kkrkus vki.k dksyeMwu tkrks- nSoh;kstuk Eg.kwu vki.kkoj dkslGysY;k vkiÙkhcÌy Lor%php dhodjhr clrks- rFkkdfFkr f[kzLrh lgkuqHkwfreqGs rj myVp ifj.kkegksrks- ijarq nso R;kP;k vxk/k çhfrLro vls d/khp djhr ukgh-vkiY;k fç; iq=kpk t[keh gkr /k:u rks vkiY;kdMs ;srks vkf.kEg.krks] ^ek÷;k lgHkkfxrsr ;s] ÅB] çdk'keku gks*- tj nso t[kehân;krwu R;kpk gsrw iw.kZ djrks( rj R;kus rqeP;k ân;kyk t[ke dsyhEg.kwu rqEgh R;kph Lrqrh djk-** ¼vks>oky~M psaclZ & ek; vVeksLVQkWj ght gk;sLV½*

vkiY;k thouke/khy ^loZ xks"Vhr* R;kP;k çsekph n[ky?;k- iq<hy opukr rks gsrw Li"V dsyk vkgs & ^R;kauh vkiY;kiq=kP;k çfresçek.ks cukos* ¼jkse 8%29½-

nsokus vkiY;kyk fdrh xkSjoh Lokra«; fnys vkgs gs vki.ktk.kys ikfgts- rs vki.k LoxhZ; n`f"Vdksukrwu vtekoys ikfgts-

Lodsafær thouklaca/kh nsokps mÙkj Eg.kts çxrh vFkok f'k{k.kukgh rj eR;w gsp vkgs! ;k iFohrykoj txr vlrkauk vki.kdsoG Lodsafær thoukP;k vkd"kZ.kkçr vkyks rj veks?k foÜoklpvkiys thou nsokcjkscj vkuane; djrks- ^^dkj.k rqEgh er >kykvkgs vkf.k rqeps thou f[kzLrkcjkscj nsoke/;s xqIr Bsoysys vkgs**¼dyLlS 3%3½

vkiys thou f[kzLrkcjkscj nsoke/;s xqIr Bsoysys vkgs]

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


^^ej.k] iqjys tk.ks vkf.k iqu#RFkku ;k}kjs** ¼jkse 6%2&4½-R;keqGs vkeps T;k txk'kh ca/ku u"V >kys] vkeps Lodsafærthough laiys- vkrk vki.k o/kLraHkkph nqljh rstLoh cktwEg.kts iqu#RFkkukdMs ikg.ks fdrh vkuane; vkgs!

f[kzLrkr eh esyks] f[kzLrk mByks]'k=qoj fot; eh f[kzLrkr feGfoyk]f[kzLrkr eyk LFkku feGs LoxkZr]ujdkP;k ijkt;kus LoxZ vkuanyk]

tqus euq";i.k ek:u [kjk f[kzLrh uohu euq"; curks-vkiys rkj.k ;krp lkekoysys vkgs-

tsOgk vki.k f[kzLrkcjkscj o/kLraHkkyk f[kGys xsyks vkgksr gsvkiY;k /;kukr ;srs rsOgk vkiY;k Lodsafær thoukr ifjorZu?kMwu ;srs o vki.k f[kzLrdsafær thou txw ykxrks- v'kh ?kfu"Vo lkrR;kph lgHkkfxrk vki.k vuqHkorks rsOgk vkiys thouEg.ktsp tfxd leL;kauk vki.k dls rksaM |kos gs vkiY;kykletrs-

ek>h tfxd leL;kân;kpk Bko ?ks.kkjk ,d ç'u vkrk vki.k

fopkjyk ifgts ^ek>s thou vkrk f[kzLrdsafær vkgsfdaok rs v|ki Lodsafærp vkgs\*

Lodsafær thou dks.kkgh O;Drhfo#) 'k=qRo mHks d: 'kdrs-rsOgk v'kk O;Drhph lqjf{krrk] LoRo] LokLFk fdaok vkuan /kksD;kr

69

;srks rsOgk rh fpMrs- th- dWEicsy eksxZuus vls EgVys vkgs]^ikikpk vdZ Eg.kts Lodsafær o`Ùkh] 'k=qRokpk xkHkk vkf.k ujdkphfufeZrh dj.kkjs rRo Eg.kts Lodsafær o`fÙk ¼gksfl;k % n gkMZ v¡Mgksyhusl vkWQ xkWM½-

,dk lk;adkGh ,d L=h çkFkZuk lHksr vxnh eukiklwuçkFkZuk djhr gksrh- frP;k thoukr ifjorZu >kys gksrs- rh çkFkZusrEg.kkyh] ^^çHkq ;s'kw] rq>s çsekps gkr ykac dj- o/kLraHkk'kh eykt[kMwu Vkd vkf.k eyk e`R;q nsÅu etoj çhfr dj- vls djdh vkrk gs thou ek>s ulwu f[kzLrk rq>sp gksÅ ns!** frP;kçkFkZuseqGs eh Hkkjkowu xsyks-

ej.k vkf.k iqu#RFkkukP;k çØh;seqGs R;k L=hph eqDrrk>kyh gs fryk letys gksrs- rjhgh f[kzLrkcjkscj LoxkZr jkg.;klkBhfryk gs tM nsgkrhy thou txkos ykxr vkgs ;kph fryk usgeh[kar okVs- Eg.kwu rh çkFkZuk djhr gksrh rsOgk LokFkhZ —R;s vkf.kfrps tfxd fopkj ;klkBh rh nsokik'kh dGdGhus mÙkj ekxrgksrh- v'kh çkFkZuk Eg.kts frph dGdGhph vkrZ fouarh gksrh-nsokP;k fudV lgoklkph fryk Hkwd gksrh- ;k frP;k çkFkZusoj ehcjkp fopkj dsyk( rsOgk ikSykus lq)k v'kk ân; HkXu dj.kkÚ;kfouarhlaca/kh cks/k dsyk gs eyk fnlwu vkys- ikSy Eg.krks] ^^tjrqEgh nsgLoHkkokçek.ks txykr rj rqEgh ej.kkj vkgk] ijarq tjrqEgh vkRE;kus 'kjhjkph desZ Bkj ekjyhr rj txky** ¼jkse8%13½-

ekÖ;k dkgh okpdkauk ojhy opukaoj ek>s fopkj mi;ksxkps

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


okVrhy- rj dkgh okpdkauk iq<hy ifjPNsnkps mnkgj.k mi;ksxkpso O;ogkfjd okVsy- ;k opukpk vFkZ xzhd Hkk"kk tk.k.kkÚ;kauk vf/kd Li"Vi.ks dGrks-

^^tj rqEgh nsgLoHkkokçek.ks txykr rj rqEgh ej.kkjvkgk] ijarq tj rqEgh vkRE;kus 'kjhjkph desZ Bkjekjyhr rj txky** ¼jkse 88888%1313131313½-çFke % ewG xzhd Hkk"ksr ^rqEgh* gk drkZ vkgs ^Bkj ekjyh*

ák fØ;kinkpk- gs okD; deZ.kh ç;ksxkrhy vkgs-ifo= 'kkL=kçek.ks & ek÷;k 'kjhjkP;k dekZiklwu eyk lqVdk

goh vlsy Eg.ktsp ekÖ;k Lodsafær o`Ùkhiklwu eyk eqDrh gohvlsy rj nsokcjkscj eh lØh; lgdk;Z dsys ikfgts-

nqljs % ;k opukr EgVys vkgs dh ^vkRE;kus* ¼nsokpkenruhl½ gh desZ Bkj ekjko;kph vkgsr- exp nso loZ xks"Vhaphrjrwn djrks o vkiY;k tfxd xks"Vhaiklwu rks vkiY;kyk eqDrd:u fot;h djrks-

ifo= 'kkL=kçek.ks % eh ;k çfØ;sr çkFkZukiwoZd lgHkkxh>kyks rjh dsoG ek÷;kp ç;Rukus eh ek>h LokFkhZ —R;s Bkj ek:'kdr ukgh- eh ;k txkr jkgkr vlrkauk QDr ifo= vkREkkpeyk ek÷;k Lodsafær o`Ùkhrwu iw.kZ nwj d: 'kdrks-

frljs % gs opu orZeku dkGkr fyfgys vkgs- ;kpkp vFkZvlk dh eh ek>h çkFkZuk o nsokcjkscj vlysyh ek>h lØh;lgHkkfxrk lkrR;kus dsyh ikfgts-

ifo= 'kkL=kçek.ks % tsOgk ,[kknh f[kzLrh O;Drh çFkep

71

ifo= vkRE;kyk fouarh djrs dh Lodsafær thou e`r gksÅ ns rsOgkfryk thou ifjorZukpk vuqHko vkysyk vlrks- ijarq gh ,dnkpvuqHko.;kph xks"V ukgh- tsOgk tsOgk Lodsafær o`Ùkh Mksds ojdk<rs rsOgk rsOgk vki.k ifo= vkRE;kP;k eqDrh dk;kZlkBh çkFkZukdsyh ikfgts- tsOgk vki.k ifo= vkRE;klkj[;k eqDrhnkR;kojfolacwu jkgrks o çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk LokFkhZ —R;kauk vki.k Bkjekjrks-

nsokph vki.kklaca/kh v'kh bPNk vkgs dh vkiyh foÜoklwo`Ùkh gh lrr pkyw vlysyh o ftoar vuqHko ns.kkjh v'khvlkoh-

;kP;k Li"Vhdj.kklkBh Eg.kwu vki.k v'kh dYiuk d: dhvki.k ,dk U;k;ky;kr vkgksr- rsFks ,dk euq";koj [kqukpkvkjksi dsyk vkgs- R;kP;k fo#) iqjkok lknj dj.;kr vkykvkgs vkf.k xqUgk 'kkchr >kyk vkgs- vkrk U;k;k/kh'k R;kyk f'k{kklquko.kkj vkgsr- dksVkZr 'kkarrk iljyh vkgs- U;k;k/kh'k Eg.krkr]^^;k vkjksihojhy [kqukpk vkjksi fl) >kyk vkgs o R;kykejsi;Zar Qk'khph f'k{kk lquko.;kr ;sr vkgs-**

;k tGtGhr okD;kcjkscj U;k;k/kh'kkps dke lairs( ijarqU;k;/kh'kkus tj xksGh >kMwu R;k vkjksihyk ek:u Vkdys rj [kqÌrks U;k;/kh'kp e`R;qnaMkl ik= Bjsy!

vkjksihyk eR;qnaM BjfoY;koj U;k;k/kh'kkps ,dp dke vlrsdh R;kus R;k vkjksihyk iksyhlkaP;k rkC;kr iq<hy dkjokbZlkBhlksifo.ks-

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


v'kkp çdkjs] vkiys LokFkhZ vk;q"; Lor% gksÅu dkghpd: 'kdr ukgh- QDr vki.k vkiyk LokFkhZi.kk vksG[kwu rksdcwy dj.kss ,o<sp ckdh jkgrs- R;k U;k;k/kh'kkçek.ks vkiY;kLokFkhZ ço`Ùkhyk Bkj dj.;kph f'k{kk vki.k BksBkow 'kdrks- U;k;k/kh'k tls vkjksihyk Lor% Bkj d: 'kdr ukgh rlsp vki.kLor%p vkiY;ke/khy LokFkhZ ço`Ùkhyk Bkj d: 'kdr ukgh- nsokusvlk ifo= vkREkk R;k ço`Ùkhyk Bkj dj.;klkBh vkiY;kyk fnykgs vkiys lqnSop vkgs- rks ifo= vkRek vkiY;ke/khy LokFkhZço`Ùkh uke'ks"k d: 'kdrks-

nsokP;k —isus vkRE;k}kjs vki.k 'kjhjkph desZ Bkj ek:'kdrks- vki.k gh —rh v[kaMi.ks vkf.k tk.khoiwZd djhr jkfgyksrj vkiY;kyk f[kzLr dsafær thou tx.;kpk vkuan fufÜpr çkIrgksbZy-

opukP;k ;k lqLi"V f'kdo.khus vkf.k R;k L=hP;k eq[kkrwufu?kkysyh rh çsj.kknk;d çkFkZuk ,sdwu vusdosGk eh ns[khy mRLQwrZi.ksv'kh çkFkZuk djrks-

gs çHkq] rq÷;k ifo= vkRE;kus eyk o/kLraHkk'kht[kMwu Vkd vkf.k ek÷;krhy LokFkZ ek:uVkd.kkjh çhfr etoj dj- vkrk gs çHkq eh txrukgh rj f[kzLrp ek÷;ke/;s txr vkgs!

nsokP;k opuk}kjs vkiys iks"k.k Ogkos o R;keqGs vkiys thour`Ir Ogkos gkp varhe mÌs'k vkgs vlk fopkj dj.ks lksis okVrs(

73

i.k rs rls ukgh! tqU;k djkjkrhy ;ktdkauh R;kaP;k yksdkauk mÙkev™k dk fnys\ mR—"B çrhps yksd txkleksj ;kosr Eg.kwu\ foY;eLVhy Eg.krkr dh ;k esa<jkps ikyu&iks"k.k dsys rs R;kaP;k o/kklkBh- R;kaP;k tUekiklwup rs o/kkdMs çokl djhr gksrs-

dkgh osGk f[kzLrh yksd vlk xSjle; d:u ?ksrkr dh laxhrfdaok oDr`Rokr rs fuiq.k >kys Eg.kts rs f[kzLrkyk [kw"k d:'kdrhy- vusd yksdkauh R;kaP;krhy dykxq.kkauk oko |kok o R;kaphokgok djkoh Eg.kts f[kzLr larq"V gksbZy vlk R;kapk letvlrks- nso ifo= vkRE;k}kjs vkiys iks"k.k çsekus djrks rsOgkvki.k yksdkaleksj dkSrqdkus Lor%yk lknj djkos vlk R;kpk gsrwulrks- myV osnhoj vki.k Lor%yk ;K Eg.kwu lknj djkos v'khR;kph bPNk vlrs- ftoar vlsi;Zar vkiY;krhy loZLokl vki.kBkj ekjys ikfgts & Lor%ph dho] LolkeF;Z] Lodsafær o`Ùkh]Lor%yk [kw"k Bso.ks] LoleFkZu v'kk lxGîk Lor%psp Vqe.ksoktfo.kkÚ;k xks"Vh vki.k vkiY;k thoukrwu Uk"V dsY;k ikfgtsr�

� ifo= 'kkL=kr e`R;w Eg.kts u"V gks.ks ulwu foyx gks.ks gks;-'kkjhfjd e`R;q Eg.kts vkRE;kps 'kjhjkiklwu foyx gks.ks gk;s- lkoZdkfyd e`R;qEg.kts vkRE;kps nsokiklwu dk;eps foyx gks.ks gks;- rlsp LokFkhZ thouek:u Vkd.ks Eg.kts LokFkhZ —rhiklwu lrr foyx jkg.ks gks;- vkf.k vki.kvxksnj ifgY;k çek.ks] gs dk;Z ifo= vkRE;kf'kok; d/khp iw.kZ gksÅ 'kdrukgh-

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh


vfr'k; nq%[kh var%dj.kkus ikSykus EgVys dh dyLlSdjkaP;keaMGhph dkGth okg.;klkBh rheF;kf'kok; nqljk dks.khgh R;kyklkiMyk ukgh- dkj.k R;k 'kgjke/;s jkg.kkÚ;k f[zkLrh yksdkauk^çhfr LokFkZ ikgkr ukgh* ;kpk vuqHko vkyk uOgrk- ikSy nq%[kkusEg.krks] ^^loZ t.k Lor%P;kp xks"Vh ikgkr vlrkr- f[kzLr;s'kwP;k ikgr ulrkr** ¼fQfyIiS 2%21½-

txke/;s vusd fBdk.kh eaMGîke/khy yksd vusd ;kruklgu djhr vkgsr- ex R;kaph dkGth ?ks.kkjs yksd vkt dksBsvkgsr\ vki.k vkiY;kp erych thoukr ,o<s eXu vkgksr dk;dh vkiY;kyk brj xjtoarkps lgk¸; dj.;kps Hkkup mjysukgh\ vki.k y{kkr ?ksrys ikfgts dh nsokph çhfr LokFkZ ikgkrukgh vkf.k loZ dkgh lgu djhr vlrs- tj vkiY;kyk xksMekslachpk jl] vkacV jlkus HkjysY;k isY;kr Hkjko;kpk vlsy]rj çFke rks vkacV jl Qsdwu fnyk ikfgts- nsokP;k çhrhus vkiysthou Hkjko;kps vlsy rj çFke vkiY;k thoukrhy LokFkhZi.kkvki.k dk<wu Vkdyk ikfgts- gh nksUgh dk;sZ ifo= vkRE;kP;klkeF;kZusp vkiY;k thoukr gksr vlrkr ákcÌy nsokph Lrqrhvlks- vkiY;k thoukrhy LokFkhZ o`Ùkh Uk"V Ogkoh vkf.k R;k,sothvkiY;k thoukrwu nsokph çhfr Hk:u okgkoh ;klkBh vki.k ifo=vkRE;kP;k lgk¸;klkBh lrr fouarh dj.ks fdrh xjtsps vkgs-^^vki.kkyk fnysY;k ifo= vkRE;kP;k}kjs vkiY;k var%dj.kkrnsokP;k çhrhpk o"kkZo >kyk vkgs** ¼jkse 5%5½-

,df=r le;h ;srkauk gs lR; rqeP;k ân;kr mpacGwu vkys

75

rj nsokP;k opukrhy brj lR;s rqEgklkBh ifo= vkREkk myxMwunk[kohy-

^çR;sd foÜokl.kkÚ;kus nsokcjkscj cpr [kkrs m?kMkos* vlsEgVys tkrs rs [kjsp vkgs- vkiY;k thoukr nsolgoklkyk ck/kk;s.kkj ukgh ;kph vki.k lrr dkGth ?ksryh ikfgts-

vkfRed rikl.khvkfRed rikl.khvkfRed rikl.khvkfRed rikl.khvkfRed rikl.kh

1- nsokP;k mifLFkrhr vlrkauk eh T;kcÌy d/khiÜpkrki d:u dcwy dsys ukgh vls dks.krsiki vkgs dk;\

2- eyk iq<hy leL;k vkgs dkekQh u dj.kkjk LoHkko\ekÖ;kcÌy yksdkapk Hkze gksbZy vls Qlosi.k\eh lkj[kh dqjdqj o Vhdk djrks dka\

3- ek>k foosd 'kq) >kyk Eg.kwu eh foÜoklkphvk'kk djkoh\

4- ek>s thou f[kzLr dsafær vkgs dka Lodsafær vkgs\¼vkrk vk/kh fnysyh foY;e caVhaxph v'kh ikrds ghçkFkZuk Eg.kk½

çkFkZukiwoZd r;kjh

çHkqlaxs pkyrks tsOgk vkEghR;kP;k opukP;k çdk'kkr]ekxZ vkepk rks rstkGrks!

R;kP;k bPNsuqlkj pkyrks vkEghrsOgk rksp vlrks var;kZeh

ek÷;k vu~ foÜoklw ln~HkDrkaP;kdlyh Nk;k ex fHkoo.kkj ukgh

vkdk'kkr dkGs <x >kdkG.kkj ukghR;kP;k Lehrkus lkjsp l:u tkbZy'kadk udks dh dlys Hk; udks

vJw udks dh nq%[kkps mlkls udksfoÜoklw ln~HkDr R;kP;kr folkorksR;kP;k fçrhpk xksMok vohV vlk

dlk o.kkZok et 'kCn fFkVsQDr osnhoj vkeps Ogkos viZ.k]fdrh R;kph —ik vkEgk ikejkaojvkuankpk o"kkZo djrks rks lnk

foÜoklw ln~HkDrkaoj R;kphp —ikR;kP;k e/kqj lgHkkfxrslg

vkEgh ;srks R;kP;k pj.kkik'khd/kh R;kP;klg pkyrks vkuansrks lkaxsy rsp vkEgh d:rks /kkMsy rsFks vkEgh tkÅ

Hkhfr uls foÜoklw ln~HkDrkyk !tkWu ,p-lkeht

çdj.k 4

,df=r le;

;klaca/kh vki.k tsOgk fopkj djrks rsOgk vkiY;ke/;s FkksMhxfoZ"Bi.kkph Hkkouk vlrs- fnolHkjkph vkOgkus isy.;klkBhvki.k l{ke jkgkos ;klkBh ifo= 'kkL= okp.ks vkf.k çHkq ;s'kwP;klkeF;Znk;h lgoklkr ;s.ks gs vxR;kps vkgs-

nkohnkyk letys gksrs dh ch isjY;koj >kM mxors r}rvkfRed though lQy gksr vlrs- R;kus EgVys dh tks dks.khnsokP;k opukps euu djrks rks ;Fkkle;h QG ns.kkÚ;k >kMklkj[kkvkgs- rks ts dkgh gkrh ?ksrks rs fl)hl tkrs ¼Lrks= 1%3½-

dks.kR;k çdkjP;k euq";kph HkjHkjkV gksbZy vls nso Eg.krks\tks iq#"k ijesÜojkP;k fu;e'kkL=kr jerks] R;kP;k fu;e'kkL=kpsjk=afnol euu djrks v'kkph HkjHkjkV gksbZy vls vfHkopu nsonsrks- ¼Lrks= 1%2½

T;k yksdkauh f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj dsyk o R;kyk vkiY;k ân;kr

77


oloys vkgs v'kkauk eh usgeh lkaxrks- jkst ,d v/;k; okpk]vkf.k lSrkukiklwu tho okpok- rqepk 'kkL=Hkkx ,dnk okpk vkf.kex iqUgk R;kdMs oGk- ex rqEgkyk ,dsd opukoj fparu&euudjrk ;sbZy- jkukr xk; dMck [kkrkauk rqEgh ikfgys dka\ rh çFkerks dMck fdaok xor pkowu fxGwu Vkdrs- uarj rs iqUgk frP;k rksaMkr;srs o ex rh ckjhd pkowu iqUgk fxGrs Eg.kts rh joaFk djrs o exR;krwu fryk iks"kd æO;s feGkrkr- nsokPks opu xzg.k djrkauk vlsp?kMrs-

lRrjkO;k ok<fnolkyk ,d euq"; f[kzLrkdMs oGyk- R;kosGhR;kyk ifo= 'kkL=klaca/kh FkksMh dYiuk gkssrh- f[kzLrkr R;kpk uoktUe >kyk R;kiwohZ rks mikluk eafnjkrgh tkr uOgrk- R;kyk iqjslsf'k{k.kgh ?ksrk vkys uOgrs- ijarq R;kpk uok tUe >kyk vkf.knsokP;k —isr R;kph ok< Ogkoh v'kh R;kph bPNk gsrh- «;ka,s'kh o"ksZrks txyk ijarq ej.;kiwohZ R;kus ifo='kkL= rsjk osGk okpys- rqepso;] f'k{k.k fdrhgh vlks] rqEgh ifo= 'kkL= jkst okpw 'kdrk-

'kkL=okpu] m?kMs var%dj.k] yhurk vkf.k nkohnkizek.ksçkFkZuk% ^gs nsok rw ek>s us= m?kM Eg.kts rq÷;k 'kkL=krhy vn~Hkqrxks"Vh ek÷;k n`"Vhl iMrhy** ¼Lrks= 119%18½- ;kaP;k enrhusvkiys nsolgoklkr ;s.ks Qynk;d gksbZy-

dkgh yksdkauk ^,df=r le;* gk nqgsjh okgrqdhpk le;vkgs gs letr ukgh- vki.k 'kkL=opukaoj euu djrks rsOgk nsovki.kk'kh cksyr vlrks- nso opukaP;k}kjs vki.kk'kh cksyrks i.knqnSZokus vusd yksd nsokP;k Eg.k.;kyk] çfrlkn nsr ulrkr-

79

vki.k çkFkZusr rjh çfrlkn nsrks dk ;kph nso okV ikgkr vlrks-tsOgk vki.k nsokP;k opukyk çfrlkn nsrks rsOgk vkiyh fopkjçfØ;k lq: >kysyh vlrs- nsokP;k opukçek.ks vki.k tsOgkçkFkZukiwoZd okxrks rsOgk rh vkiY;k tx.;kph jhr curs-

vkrk rqEgh fopkjky % eh ifo= 'kkL= okprkauk nso et'khdlk cksyrks\** eh tsOgk çR;sd opu okprks rsOgk R;koj euudjrks o ek÷;k eukr ;s.kkjs iz'u eh opukr mHks djrks- dkghiz'u ekÖ;k eukr vusd o"kkZaiklwu mHks jkfgys gksrs- eh tsOgkçHkq'kh cksyrks rsOgk ák ç'ukaoj ek>s ekxZn'kZu Ogkos v'kh ehçkFkZuk djrks- rqEgh lq)k rqeP;k fopkjkauk v'kh fn'kk |k- vkf.kç'ukalghr euu djk- eh ;k ç'ukaoj voyacwu jkfgyks R;keqGsnsokcjkscj cksyrkauk rs Eg.kts ,d LoHkkop cuys vkgsr-

rqeP;k y{kkr ;sbZy dh iq<hy dkgh ç'ukadfjrkvkKk/kkjdi.kk gok vkgs- rj dkghauk foÜoklkph xjt vkgs-rqEgh nsokP;k midkjLrqrhr vlrkauk dkgh ç'u iq<s ;srhy] dkghç'u lSrkukP;k dq;qDrhyk rksaM ns.;klkBh rqEgkyk 'kDrh nsrhy-;s'kwus tlk lSrkukoj t; feGfoyk rlk rqEgkykgh feGsy-

vkKk/kkjdi.kkph —rhvki.k vxksnj ikfgys vkgs dh vki.k nsokcjkscj vkiys

[kkrs m?kMys ikfgts- Eg.kts ifo= 'kkL= okprkauk vki.k ifo=vkRE;kP;k lqjkr rs letw 'kdrks- ifo= vkREkk vkiY;k ân;k'khlrr cksyr vlrks o rks dk; Eg.krks rs vki.k ikGys ikfgts-

,df=r le;


rqEgh nsokcjkscj ,d= vkys vlrk] ifo= 'kkL=okprkauk vls ç'u fopkjk %

;k opukr %vkKkikyuklkBh vkKk vkgs dk\dks.krs iki d: u;s\dks.krk pkaxyk fdÙkk fxjork ;sbZy\dks.krh okbZV xks"V VkGkoh \

v'kk ç'ukaeqGs rqEgkyk nsokcjkscj oS;fDrd & nqgsjh laca/ktksMrk ;sbZy dk\ rqEgh okpysY;k lR;klaca/kh rqEgh dsoG fopkjpdjhr jkg.kkj ukgh- nsokP;k leosr rqEgh ;k ç'ukaph mÙkjs fnyhrj rqEgh nsokP;k Eg.k.;kyk nqtksjk |ky-

ifo= vkRek rqEgkcjkscj vkgs gs lrr y{kkr Bsok- 'kkL=opuokprkauk rqEgh ifo= vkRE;koj folacwu jkgk Eg.kts rks rs opurqeP;k eLrdkrwu uÅ bap [kkyh Eg.kts rqeP;k ân;ki;Zar iksgpohy!

txke/;s Hk;adj mxz ifjfLFkrhr vki.k txr vkgksr- yksdnsokph vkKk ikGr ukghr- f[kzLrkyk ukdkj.kkÚ;k fi<hr vki.k]vkKk/kkjd jkgwu R;kaP;koj f[kzLrh thoukpk çHkko Vkdyk ikfgts-ts lR; nso vkiY;kyk nk[korks R;kps ikyu d:u vki.ktxklkBh vkiY;ke/kwu okg.kkjh 'kDrh feGow 'kdrks-

eh o ek÷;k iRuhus uqdrsp vkslokYM ;kaps ^ek; vVeksLVQkWj fgt gk;sLV** gs iqLrd okpys- vkEgh okpys R;kpk lkjvlk%

81

^^nso ts nk[korks R;kps ikyu djk- Eg.kts vkiksvki nqljhxks"V rqeP;kiq<s m?kMh dsyh tkbZy- ^eyk okVrs d/kh rjh eyk rhletsy** vls rqEgh Eg.kky i.k FkksMs Fkkack rqEgkyk rh vkÙkkpletsy! vH;klkeqGsp rqEgkyk n`"Vh çkIr gksbZy vls ukgh]vkKkikyu n`"Vh nsrs- vxnh d.kHkj vkKkikyu dsysr rjhLoxkZP;k f[kMD;k m?kMrhy vkf.k nsokps laiw.kZ lR; rqeP;kiq<s;sbZy- tksoj rqEgh nsokph vkKk ikG.kkj ukgh rksoj nso nqljs dkghçxV dj.kkj ukgh-**

,d jk=h nksu ç[;kr fe'kujh] lh-Vh-LVM vkf.k gMluVsyj gs ,dk iksVekGîkojhy [kksyhr ,d= gksrs- igkVsp Vsyj;kauh ikfgys dh R;kapk tksMhnkj es.kcÙkhP;k fe.kfe.kR;k çdk'kkr'kkL= okp.;kr x<wu xsyk gksrk- rks fdrh osG 'kkL= okpr gksrkgs R;kauh R;kyk fopkjys- mÙkjknk[ky LVM Eg.kkys] ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k'kCnkus eh e/;jk=h tkxk >kyks- rs 'kCn gksrs &^^ek÷;kojrqeph çhfr vlsy rj rqEgh ek÷;k vkKk ikGky**¼;ksgku 14%15½-

ex eh Lor%ykp fopkjys dh eh çHkqojhy çhfr fl)dj.;klkBh R;kP;k vkKk ikGrks dka\ ex mjysyh jk= eh'kkL=okpukr ?kkyoyh- 'kkL=opukr dks.kdks.kR;k vkKk fnY;kvkgsr ;kpk eh 'kks/k dsyk- T;k vkKk eh nsokP;k —isus ikGY;kR;koj eh ek÷;k ck;cye/;s [kw.kk dsY;k- vkf.k rsFks gkysyq;k* gk'kCn fyfgyk ! tsFks eh vkKk ikG.;kr pqdyks] rsFks eh ek>s ikidcwy dsys vkf.k R;kP;kp —isus eh R;k vkKk ikG.;kps Bjfoysvkf.k eh f[kzLrkoj çhfr djrks gs fl) dj.;kpk ç;Ru dsyk**-

,df=r le;


fç; okpd] tsOgk rqEgh nsokP;k opukP;k çdk'kkr R;kP;klkscrpkyrk] rsOgk R;k xhrdR;kZçek.ks rqEgkykgh metsy dh foÜoklwi.kkvkf.k ln~HkDr* gks.ks fdrh Nku vlrs!

foÜoklkpk çfrlknifo= 'kkL= Eg.kts foÜokl ok<fo.kkjs nsokps ojnku vkgs!

tltls vki.k foÜoklkr ok<r tkrks Eg.kts çHkq ;s'kwoj vki.kfolacrks o R;kP;k vkKk ikGrks & rsOgk vkiyh [kk=h iVrs dh ehukgh* i.k rks d: 'kdrks-*

Eg.kwu rqEgh çHkqleosr ,d= ;srk rsOgk fopkjk %;k opuke/;s %

etlkBh dks.krs vfHkopu vkgs \dks.krk b'kkjk eyk fnyk vkgs \

ifo= 'kkL= vfHkopukauh Hkjysys vkgs- tsOgk vki.k nsokP;kopukoj euu djrks rsOgk nsokP;k R;k vfHkopukph vki.kvis{kk dsyh ikfgts- vFkkZr R;kcjkscjp vki.k rks nsr vlysY;kb'kkÚ;kdMs y{k fnys ikfgts- nsokps vfHkopu visf{kr vlrkauk rksnsr vlysys b'kkjs >qxkj.ks Eg.kts foÜoklkr tx.ks UkOgs] myV rsEg.kts ej.k vkgs-

rqEgh çfrfno'kh ifo= 'kkL= okprk rsOgk nsokP;k vfHkopukaphuksan ?;k vkf.k rh rqEgh nsoktoG ekxk- tsOgk nsokps vfHkopurqEgh vkiysls djrk rsOgk ;s'kw f[zkLrkps 'kDrhnk;d lkeF;ZrqEgkyk çR;sd osGh vkKkikyuklkBh enr djhy o rh vfHkopuslR; >kY;kps rqeP;k vuqHkokl ;sbZy-

83

rqEgh ftoar ^lR;* Ogkos Eg.kwu gh vfHkopus ns.;kr vkyhvkgsr- R;keqGs rqEgh nsoklkscr pkyys ikfgts- tsOgk gh vfHkopusrqeP;kik'kh vlrkr rsOgk rqepk foÜokl ok<r tkrks- dkj.k vlsEgVys vkgs & ^foÜokl okrsZus o okrkZ f[kzLrkP;k opuk}kjs gksrs** ¼jkse10%17½-

foÜoklkP;k useds myV dk; vkgs ;kcÌy rqEgh d/kh fopkjdsyk vkgs \ R;kps mÙkj ukgh- foÜokl] vk/kkj vf.k yhurk ghrhu HkkoaMs vkgsr v'kh dYiuk djk- ;kmyV vkrk rhu fouk'khHkkoaMkph Eg.kts vfoÜokl] Lok/kkj] vkf.k xoZ ákaph dYiuk djk-

tks euq"; foÜokl Bsorks rks f[kzLrkoj folacrks dkj.k R;kykLor%yk ts lk/; ulrs rs f[kzLrkyk 'kD; vlrs- T;k euq";kpkfoÜokl n`< vkgs R;kyk ifo= 'kkL= okprkauk y{kkr ;sbZy dhnsokph vrwV lgHkkfxrk gh R;kP;klkBh vkgs-

çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr vkiY;k f'k";kauk Eg.kkyk] ^ek÷;kokpwu osxGsvlY;kl rqEgkyk dkgh djrk ;sr ukgh** ¼;ksgku 15%5½- dks.kkghf[kzLrh euq";kyk gs letys ikfgts dh R;kyk Lor% gksÅu lkoZdkfydvkfRed xks"Vh dj.ks dnkfi 'kD; ukgh- R;k xks"Vh R;kyk ;s'kwf[kzLrkiklwu feG.kkÚ;k lkeF;kZusp 'kD; gksrkr- v'kk rÚgspk f[kzLrkojfolacwu jkg.;kpk foÜokl QDr yhu ân;krp fuekZ.k gksrks- vlkeuq"; ex lar ikSykçek.ks Eg.kw 'kdrks] ^^eyk tks lkeF;Z nsrksR;kP;kdMwu eh loZ dkgh djko;kl 'kDrheku vkgs** ¼fQfyIiS4%13½-

vfoÜoklw euq"; & gk Lor%ojp lrr fuHkZj vlrks- R;kyknsokP;k lgk¸;kph xjt okVr ukgh- nqnSokus vkt y{kko/kh yksdrkj.kklkBh çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k enrhph vis{kk djhr ukghr- rlspvusd f[kzLrh yksd [kjs f[kzLrh thou tx.;klkBh ân;kr ol.kkÚ;k

,df=r le;


f[kzLrkps lkeF;Z >qxk:u ykorkr- v'kk çdkjs Lor%ojp voyacwujkg.;kph ço`Ùkh xfoZ"B vkf.k dBh.k ân;krwu fuekZ.k gksrs-

Eg.kwu foÜoklkP;k fo#) xoZ] vkf.k vfoÜoklkP;k fo#)yhurk vkgs vls vki.k Eg.kw 'kdrks- fopkjkauh vkiY;kykletsy dh vkRefoÜokl vkf.k LofuHkZjrk gh foÜoklkfo#)vkiY;k ân;kr okbZV chts isjrkr-

txkrhy dks.krhgh xks"V vkiY;k eh i.kkyk iks"kd vlsy rjR;keqGs nsokojhy o iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrkP;k lkeF;kZojhy foÜoklkykrh ekjd Bjrs- nsokP;k çR;sd vfHkopukekxs R;kP;k lkeF;kZpsLrks= mHks vlrkr- thou txr vlrkauk nsokus vkiY;kykvkiY;kp ;qDrh ço`Ùkhoj lksMwu fnysys ulrs-

vkiY;kp xokZdMs th- ds- psLVjVu ¼1847&1936½ cksVnk[kowu Eg.krkr]

^^vkt vki.k ts nq%[k Hkksxrks rs vki.k v;ksX; fBdk.khnk[kor vlysY;k yhurseqGs Hkksxrks- [kk=hP;k cGkoj yhurkvf/k"Bhr vlrs- okLrfod rh r'kh vlrk dkek u;s- euq";Lor%fo"k;h lk'kad vlko;kl gok- lR;kfo"k;h rks d/khp lk'kadvlw u;s- ijarq ?kMrs rs useds myVp-

tks euq"; ekuoh lYykelyrhoj voyacwu jkgrks fdaokçHkqoj foÜokl Bso.;k,soth Lor%ojp foÜokl Bsorks R;kyknsokP;k vk'khokZnkapk vuqHko ;sr ukgh- tls ik.kh usgeh [kkyhokgr tkrs- rlsp ifo= vkRek T;kyk ;s'kwus thouh ik.kh EgVys]rks xfoZ"B o rkB ekusus oj tx.kkÚ;kadMs d/khp ;sr ukgh**¼gcDdwd 2%4&5½-

85

tks euq"; uez var%dj.kkus f[kzLrkP;k lkeF;kZph vkl /kjrksR;kP;k ân;kr ek= ifo= vkRek Hk:u okgrks-

^^ex l.kkP;k 'ksoVY;k Eg.kts egRokP;k fno'kh ;s'kw mHkkjkgwu eksBîkus Eg.kkyk dks.kh rkUgsyk vlY;kl R;kus ek÷;kdMs;kos o I;kos- tks ek÷;koj foÜokl Bsorks R;kP;krwu 'kkL=krlkafxrY;kçek.ks ftoar ik.;kP;k u|k okgrhy** ¼;ksgku 7%37&38½-

çfrfno'kh rqEgh f[kzLrkP;k pj.kk'kh yhu gksÅu rs thouhik.kh I;kys ikfgts- ex rqEgkyk rqeph fo}rk vFkok f'k{k.k ;kaP;klgk¸;kus thou let.;kph xjt ulrs- myV nsokP;k ifo=vkRE;kP;k}kjs rqeP;k thoukps rqEgkyk lqanj n'kZu ?kMsy-

uok tUe >kysY;k nsokP;k çR;sd ysdjkus] ifo= vkRE;kus;s'kw f[kzLrkyk ifj/kku dsys ikfgts- vktP;k nq"V txkr çR;sdfoÜokl.kkjk ;s'kw f[kzLrkpk izfrfu/kh vkgs- v'kk f[kzLrh yksdka}kjsifo= vkRek] brj yksdkauk thou ;ksX;çdkjs tx.;kl lgk¸;djrks-

^^vki.k rj ftoar nsokps eafnj vkgksr- nsokus vls EgVysvkgs dh eh R;kaP;ke/;s okl d:u jkghu] eh R;kapk nso gksbZu ors ek>s yksd gksrhy** ¼2 dfjaFk 6%16½-

gks;] vki.k nsokps ifo= eafnj vkgksr vkf.k vkiY;k}kjsR;kyk txkyk R;kP;k xkSjoh ikfo«;kps n'kZu ?kMoko;kps vkgs-

gh egRokph xks"V /;kukr /k:u ikSy iq<s cks/k djrks] ^rsOgkfç;tugks] vki.kkl gh vfHkopus feGkyh vkgsr Eg.kwu nsgkP;k

,df=r le;


o vkRE;kP;k loZ v'kq)rsiklwu Lor%yk 'kq) d: vkf.k nsokpsHk; ckGxwu ikfo«;kyk iw.kZrk vk.kw** ¼2 dfjaFk 7%1½-

miklusrhy [kjsi.kkfi;kuksyk ;ksX; lwj ns.;klkBh rks nq#Lr dj.kkjk dkjkxhj

/ouhfpeVk okijrks- R;k fpeVîkph /ouhdaius tqGowu fc?kMysykfi;kuks nq#Lr dsyk tkrks-

R;kçek.ks ifo= 'kkL=k}kjs euq";kps Xyku ân; nso vkuafnrdjrks o LoxhZ; vkuan o laxhr R;kP;k thoukr Qqyorks- nsokP;kopuk}kjs thoukr uos xkSjo] ikfo«; vkf.k nsokph çhfr uO;kusQqyw ykxrs o rqeph mikluk o Lrqrh vFkZiw.kZ gksrs-

^^Lrks=s] xhrs o vk/;kfRed çca/k gh ,desdkauk Eg.kwunk[kok] vkiY;k var%dj.kkr çHkqyk xk;uoknu djk** ¼bfQl5%19½-

rqEgh çHkqcjkscj ,d= le;kr ;srk] rsOgk ;k opukfo"k;hfopkjk %;k opukr nso tks firk] ;kcÌy uok fopkj vkgs dka\nso tks iq=] ;kcÌy uok fopkj vkgs dka\nso tks ifo= vkRek] ;kcÌy uok fopkj vkgs dka\

vkt nsokP;k yksdkae/;s R;kph mikluk [kjsi.kkus dj.;kphuoh rGeG fnlwu ;sr vkgs gh Qkj mÙkstukRed xks"V vkgs-v'kk miklusps dkSrqd ;s'kw f[kzLrkusgh dsys- rks Eg.kkyk] ^^nso

87

vkRek vkgs vkf.k R;kP;k mikldkauh R;kph mikluk vkRE;kus o[kjsi.kkus dsyh ikfgts** ¼;ksgku 4%24½- [kjsrj] [kjh miklukgh ifo= vkRE;kP;k vfHk"ksdkus gksrs vkf.k nsokP;k opukps lR;mikluk [kjh djrs- v'kk mikluseqGsp fiR;kyk lark"k gksrks-

ifo= vkRek nsokP;k fo'ks"k xq.kkadMs Eg.kts R;kph çhfr]lkeF;Z] ikfo«;] oSHko] —ik] pkaxqyi.kk ;kadMs tsOgk vkiys y{kos/krks rsOgk vkiY;k ân;kr uos xhr meysy o vki.k çHkqphmikluk vxnh eukiklwu d: ykxrks- v'kkosGh tj vki.k xqM?ksVsdys rj vkiY;k eukph ;ksX; o`Ùkhgh r;kj gksrs- ijarq vkiY;kthoukr vls dkgh çlax ;srkr dh tsOgk xqM?ks Vsd.ks gh fØ;kns[khyQkjp rksMdh okVrs-

tsOgk ;ksgku f[kzLrkP;k xkSjoh mifLFkrhr vkyk rsOgk ikRecsVkoj R;kus dsoG xqM?ksp Vsdys ukgh rj rks f[kzLrkleksj miMkiMyk] ^eh R;kyk ikfgys rsOgk eh esY;klkj[kk R;kP;k ik;ktoGiMyks** ¼çdVh 1%17½-

foÜokl.kkÚ;kalkBh tsOgk dkgh rjh Qkj eksyoku vlrs rsOgkR;kP;k vklikl dkghrjh udyh okojr vlrs- çHkq ;s'kwusvkiY;kyk [kÚ;k mikluslaca/kh lwpuk fnY;k vkgsr rjh T;kykdkgh yksd mikluk letrkr R;kauk dMd b'kkjk R;kus fnyk vkgs-v'kh mikluk gh udyh Lo#ikph vlrs- 'kksejksuh L=hyk R;kusmikluk gh vkRE;kus o [kjsi.kkus dj.;kl lkafxrys- R;kus EgVys]^^rqEgkyk BkÅd ukgh v'kkph mikluk rqEgh djrk** ¼;ksgku4%22½-

,df=r le;


Hkkousis{kk mikluk Js"B vlrs- çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrp mikluspkdsaæfcanw vlko;kl gok- tj mikluseqGs yksd f[zkLrkdMs oGrvlrhy rj rh [kjh mikluk gks; vkf.k tj rs miklusHkkosrhp?kqVeGr vlrhy rj rh feF;k mikluk gks;- nsokP;k Lrqrhusvkiyh var%dj.ks Hk:u okg.;kph xjt vkgs dsoG vkfRedmfÌiu ulkos-

[kjh mikluk Eg.kts iw.k Z eukus o iw.k Zvar%dj.kkus nsokP;k ifo= opukrwu izxV dsysY;kvkiY;k lkoZHkkSe ftoar çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLrkoj uezi.ksvkiys /;ku dsafær dj.ks gks;- tsOgk vls gksrs rsOgkvki.k mUeGwu iMrks o R;kyk 'kj.k tkÅu R;kphLrqrh djrks-

fojks/kdkiklwu lko/kkunso rqepk ,df=r le; vk'khokZfnr djhr vkgs- rqeph

foosdcq)h vkrk tkx`r vkgs- ;s'kw f[kLrkus o/kLraHkkoj rqeP;klkBhts dsys R;kph tk.kho Bsowu rqEgh rqeP;k LoRokoj ik.kh lksMys]rqeph yksdfç;rk] rqeph egRokdka{kk vkf.k rqeph ekyeÙkk ghlkjh lksMyh vkgs- vkrk uO;k ifjek.kkus rqEgh nsokph mikluk omidkj Lrqrh djhr vkgkr- nsokcjkscj vlysY;k rqeP;k lgHkkfxrsP;kf'k[kjkoj rqEgh vkgkr dk;\ dnkfpr ulkygh!

rqeP;k vklikl rks 'k=w okojr vkgs- rks vfr'k; larkiykvkgs- dkj.k nsokus rqeP;k ikrdkaP;k {kespk ekxZ fl) dsyk vkgs-

89

ijarq lSrkuklkBh ek= vXuhps ljksoj jk[kwu Bsoys vkgs- R;ke/;s d/khp cny gks.kkj ukgh- R;keqGs rqeP;k LoxkZP;k okVsoj rqEghpkyrk rsOgk rks loZ çdkjs vMFkGs fuekZ.k djrks- çHkq ;s'kw iklwurqeph utj rks lrr nqljhdMs oGowu rqeP;k uk'kklkBh Viysykvkgs-

rqeP;k nsokcjkscjP;k ,df=r le;ke/;s rqEgh ;k opuklaca/kh fopkjk %;k opukr lSrkukph uoh ekfgrh feGr vkgs dk\lSrkukP;k nq"V gsrwlaca/kh uoh ekfgrh feGrs dk\lSrkukP;k dq;qDrhlaca/kh uoh ekfgrh feGrs dk\

laMsLdwy laiowu ,d eqyxk R;kP;k ?kjh fu?kkyk gksrk- R;kjk=h rks vkiY;k fcNkU;k 'sktkjh xqM?ks Vsdwu çkFkZuk djhr vkgsgs R;kP;k vkbZus ikfgys- vkbZus R;kl fopkjys] ^rw gs dk; djhrvkgsl\** rks Eg.kkyk] ^^eh lSrkukyk ?kkcjs d:u Vkdr vkgs-vktp vkEgh laMsLdwye/;s ,d xk.ks EgVys- tsOgk vki.k xqM?ksVsdwu çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk lSrku ?kkcjrks- Eg.kwu lSrkukyk ?kkc:uVkd.;klkBh eh xqM?ks Vsdwu çkFkZuk djhr vkgs!**

ijarq dsoG xqM?ks VsdY;keqGs lSrku ?kkcjrks gs nqnSZokus frrds[kjs ukgh! ijarq ;s'kwP;k ukokus tsOgk rqeP;k ân;kr lSrkukyktkxk ulrs o ifo= vkRE;kP;k lgk¸;kus ;s'kwP;k ukokr tsOgklSrkukP;k dpkMîkrwu vusd tho okpys tkrkr rsOgk rks ?kkcjrks-

dkgh f[kzLrh yksdkapk vlk let vkgs dh lSrkukP;k okVsyk

,df=r le;


vki.k xsyks ukgh rj rks vkiY;k okVsyk ;sr ukghijarq rks R;kapkxSjlet vkgs- tsOgk çkFkZuk djrkauk rqEgh nsoklehi ;srk rsOgkekxhy dkgh vi;'kkcÌy rqeP;k eukr fopkj ;srks- R;kcÌyrqEgh dcqykr nsÅu iÜpkrki dsysyk vlrks- rjh R;k pqdhph [karrqEgkyk okVr vlrs uka\ R;k pqdhcÌy lSrku rqEgkyk lrr Vksprvlrks- rqEgh ØwlktoG rqeP;k ikikph {kek ekfxrysyh vlrs( rjhlSrku rqEgkoj nks"k yknrp vlrks- tsOgk lSrku rqEgkyk rqeP;kHkwrdkGklaca/kh NGrks rsOgk rqEgh R;kyk R;kP;k Hkfo";dkGkph vkBo.kd:u |k- nsokus rqeP;k ikrdkph {kek dsyh vlyh rjh lSrkurqeph n"Vh R;k ikikojp f[kGwu Vkdr vlrks- R;keqGs rks rqeP;keukr nsokP;k çseG iki{kescÌy 'kadk mRi™k djhr vlrks-

pqdhps fu.kZ;] Hk;] laHkze vkf.k fujk'kk gh y{k.ks n'kZforkrdh lSrku rqeP;k thoukr yqMcqM djhr vkgs-

gks;] rqeph 'kkarh vkf.k vkuan fgjko.;kpk lSrku lrrç;Ru djhr vlrks- ijarq rqEgh ifo= 'kkL= okprk rsOgk nsorqEgkyk nk[kowu nsr vlrks dh lSrkukus rqeP;k thoukr d'khtkxk O;kiyh vkgs- ex çHkqus th 'kkL=lkeqxzh vkiY;kyk fnyhvkgs frpk okij d:u lSrkukpk f'kjdko gksbZy v'kh loZ nkjsvki.k can dsyh ikfgtsr!

ekuoh O;ogkjkr d/kh p<kbZps rj d/kh ujekbZps /kksj.kBsokos ykxrs- dsoG p<kbZ d:up çR;sd y<kbZ ftadrk ;sr ukgh-vkfRed ;q)krlq)k d/kh p<kbZ rj d/kh ujekbZps /kksj.k Bsokosykxrs- ;k nksgksalkBh ek= nsokP;k opukP;k 'kkL=lkeqxzhpk okij

91

djkok ykxrks- vkiY;k nsolgoklkr ,d= ;s.;kps ,d QfyrEg.kts lSrkuk'kh eqdkcyk djrkauk rqEgkyk nsokP;k opukpk ;ksX;lanHkZ ;ksX; osGh nsrk ;srks vkf.k opukuqlkj çkFkZuk djrk ;srs-

nsokP;k opukuqlkj çkFkZuk dj.ks Eg.kts R;kP;k bPNsuqlkjçkFkZuk dj.ks gs fdrh Nku vkgs! nsokph rj v'kh bPNk vlrs dharqEgh lSrkukoj fot; feGokok vkf.k rqeps vk/;kfRed thouR;kP;keqGs HkjdVw u;s-vkfRed ;q)kr çfrdkjvkfRed ;q)kr çfrdkjvkfRed ;q)kr çfrdkjvkfRed ;q)kr çfrdkjvkfRed ;q)kr çfrdkj % vj.;kr lSrkukus ;s'kwph ijh{kkikfgyh gs rqEgkyk vkBors uk\ R;kosGh ;s'kw vuqoknkps iqLrd,df=r le;kr okpr gksrk vlk fopkj dj.ks eyk vkoMrs-lSrkukyk çfrdkj djrkauk ;s'kwus ;kp iqLrdkrhy opukapk mi;ksxdsyk- vkiY;k çHkqus rhu osGk 'kkL=opus okijyh---- vls fyfgysvkgs---- vlss fyfgys vkgs----- vls fyfgys vkgs* ¼eÙk;4%4]7]10½- ;s'kwP;k ;k ijh{ksrwu vkiY;kyk Lrks=drkZ dk; Eg.krksR;kph let ;srs----^^rw vkiY;k laiw.kZ ukokgwu vkiY;k opukphFkksjoh ok<foyh vkgs** ¼Lrks= 138%2½- ;k çpaM rkdnhP;k opukP;k'kL=kus ;s'kwus lSrkukyk nwj iGowu ykoys!

vlkp rqEgkyk lSrkukoj t; feGok;pk vlsy rj'kkL=opukpk mi;ksx çfrdkjklkBh dlk djkok gs rqEgh f'kdysikfgts- tsOgk lSrku rqeP;k eukr pqdhps fopkj ?kkyrks rsOgk rqEgh'kkL=opu dk; lkaxrs ;kpk vk<kok ?ksryk ikfgts- tsOgk rqEghnsokleosr lrr ,df=r ;srk rsOgk v'kk çlaxklkBh nsokps opurqeP;k ân;kr vlrs-

,df=r le;


^lSrkukph ;qDrh* ;k vukfed dohP;k dohrsr] bfQldjkaP;ki=ke/khy 6 O;k v/;k;krhy lR; lkekoysys vkgs &

lSrkukph ;qDrhlSrkukph ;qDrhlSrkukph ;qDrhlSrkukph ;qDrhlSrkukph ;qDrh

vkt eyk rqacG ;q) djkos ykxys;q)Hkweh gksrh ek>s çkFkZusps fBdk.k-nsok'kh cksy.;kl eh R;kP;k lehi vkyks]i.k rsFks eyk HksVyk rks lSrku-rks dkukr Eg.kkyk] ^^rw çkFkZuk d: 'kdr ukgh]rq>k var rj iwohZp >kyk;-xqM?;koj ;sÅu 'kCnp rw mPpkj'khy]i.k rqyk vkrk çkFkZuk djrkp ;sr ukgh-**eh ek>s f'kjL=k.k vks<ys [kkyh]>kdwu ?ksrys ek>s nksUgh dku-R;keqGs R;kps 'kCn xksBwup xsys]ek>h Hkhfr {k.kk/kkZr yksi ikoyh]ek÷;k brj 'kL=kaPkk eh os/k ?ksryk]'kkarhP;k iknqdk gksR;k ek÷;k ik;h]lR;kus ek>h dacj gksrh dlysyh]nsokps opu gksrh ek>h ryokj-/kkfeZdrsps fpy[kr gksrh Nkrhoj]ân;rhy çhfr ek>h laj{kd-foÜoklkph <ky gksrh etcwr]

93

R;kps tGrs ck.k xsys lkjs ek?kkjh-;s'kwP;k ukos] nsok'kh eh cksyyks]R;kP;k jDrkpk eh dsyk /kkok]lSrku 'kjeyk] nwj iGwu xsyk]nso eyk HksVyk] eh dsyh ex çkFkZuk!

vkfRed ;q)krhy p<kbZ %vkfRed ;q)krhy p<kbZ %vkfRed ;q)krhy p<kbZ %vkfRed ;q)krhy p<kbZ %vkfRed ;q)krhy p<kbZ % dsoG çfrdkj d:u Hkkxrukgh rj laiw.kZ fot;klkBh vusdnk p<kbZps /kksj.k Lohdkjkosykxrs! vkiY;k Hkksorhps tx Dys'knk;d vkgs- T;k eksyoku yk[kksyksdkalkBh ;s'kwus vkiyk çk.k fnyk R;kaps ?kj Eg.kts gs tx- vusdL=h iq#"k Dys'kkus =Lr vkgsr- vusdkauk lSrkuh ca/kukus vka/kGsd:u t[kMys vkgs- lSrkukyk ekghr vkgs dh vkrk R;kaP;kdMsvxnh FkksMk osG f'kYyd vkgs- Eg.kwup rks nsokP;k yksdkaukfNukowu vuardkGP;k va/kdkjkr Vkd.;klkBh ljlkor vkgs-

vki.k okprks dh nsokus lSrkuklkBh vkf.k R;kP;k gLrdkalkBh^vXuhps ljksoj* r;kj dsys vkgs( ijarq vki.k ,d xks"V y{kkrBsoyh ikfgts dh rs vXuhps ljksoj nsokus euq";aklkBh r;kj dsysukgh- uOgsp d/khp ukgh! gjoysY;k yk[kks&djksMks yksdkalkBhpf[kzLr ej.k ikoyk- lSrku ts dkgh ifo= vkf.k pkaxys vkgs R;kpkjkx o }s"k djrks- Eg.kwup R;kyk vusd vkRes lkoZdkfyd nq%[kHkksx.;klkBh vksjckMko;kps vkgsr- ;k ;q)ke/;s gjoysY;k vkRE;kpk'kks/k ;s'kw djhr vkgs o R;kauk R;kyk rkjko;kps vkgs ¼ywd19%10½- gs dk;Z R;kyk çkIr >kysY;k f[kzLrh yksdkaP;k}kjsp djko;kps-

,df=r le;


d/kh d/kh cqf)eku yksdkauk 'kkL=opukapk vFkZ letrukgh ;kps rqEgkyk vkÜp;Z okVys uk\ ifo='kkL=kr gs Li"Vdsys vkgs dh vlk foHkze yksdkaP;k eukr dks.k mRi™k djrksvkf.k dkgh vfoÜokl.kkÚ;kauh foÜokl.kkjs cu.ks gs ,o<s vo?kMdk vlrs\

^^ijarq vkeph lqokrkZ vPNknysyh vlY;kl T;kapk uk'kgksr vkgs R;kaP;k Bk;h rh vkPNkfnysyh vkgs- R;kaph Eg.ktsfoÜokl u Bso.kkÚ;k yksdkaph eus ák ;qxkP;k nSorkus vka/kGh dsyhvkgsr] v'kk gsrwus dh nsokph çfrek tks f[kzLr R;kP;k rstkP;klqokrsZpk çdk'k R;kaP;koj çdk'kw u;s** ¼2 dfjaFk 4%3&4½-

vfoÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k euke/;s nsokP;k fçrhpk vkf.k lR;kpkçdk'k ços'k dj.;kl dks.k fojks/k djrks\ vFkkZr lSrku! vkiY;kca/kq&Hkfxuhaps rkj.k Ogkos Eg.kwu tsOgk rqEgh çkFkZuk djrk rsOgk ghxks"V rqEgh y{kkr ?ksrk dka\ vki.k çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk T;kP;keukps v|ki ifjorZu >kys ukgh o lSrkukeqGs rs laHkzehr >kysv'kkadfjrk ;s'kwP;k lkeF;Z'kkyh ukokr çkFkZuk dsyh ikfgts- rs ukovR;ar vykSfdd] lkeF;Zoku vkf.k fot;h uko vkgs- pkyZlosLyh R;k ukokcÌy fyfgrkr-

;s'kw! loZ ukekgwu vR;qPp uke]ex LoXkZ vlks] ujd vlks ok i`Foh]nsonwr vkf.k euq";s terkr R;k ukekyk]Hkwrs fHkrkr vu~ iGrkr R;k ukekus-

dkyojhP;k Øwlkoj] lSrku vkf.k R;kP;k loZ gLrdkaoj

95

f[kzLrkus dk;epk fot; feGfoyk vkgs- ^iki dj.kkjk lSrkukpkvkgs( dkj.k lSrku çkjaHkkiklwu iki djhr vkgs- lSrkukph —R;su"V dj.;klkBhp nsokpk iq= çxV >kyk** ¼1 ;ksgku 3%8½-gkysyq;k! vki.k gkjysys vls ;q) vkrk djhr ukgh] eqGhp ukgh!tks fot; d/khgh ukghlk gksr ukgh rks vkiyk vkgs- rks vkiY;kyknksu gtkj o"kkZiwohZ feGkyk vkgs-

cqf)cGkP;k [ksGkr rqeph [ksGh gh ijr u djrk ;s.;klkj[khvlrs r'kh [ksGh d:u rqEgh rqeP;k çfrLi/;kZyk fot;kiklwujks[kw 'kdrk- ijarq rks tj Qkj fpoV vlsy rj R;kyk fot;kph[kkrjh ulrkauk ns[khy rks osGdk<wi.kk djhy o 'ksoVh gjsy-

lSrkukckcr vlsp vlrs- R;kyk ;q) ftad.;kph eqGhp[kk=h ukgh- rjhgh nso R;kpk fouk'k djhy ;k HkhrhiksVh rks rh osGykac.khoj Vkd.;kP;k ç;Rukr vlrks- lSrkukyk lk[kGnaMkuh tsjdj.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- rks dsoG ijkHkwr 'k=w ukgh rj rks gkrkrlkiMysyk 'k=w vkgs- ifo= 'kkL= Eg.krs] ^^vkiY;koj lSrkukpsopZLo gksÅ u;s] R;kps fopkj vkiY;kyk dGr ukghr vls ukgh**¼2 dfjaFk 2%11½- vkiY;k 'k=wph O;wgjpuk d'kh vkgs gs vkiY;kykletys Eg.kts vkiyk fot; lgt gksrks-

T;k larkuh lSrkukoj fot; feGfoyk R;kaP;klaca/kh çsf"kr;ksgku Eg.krks] ^R;kyk ¼lSrkukyk½ R;kauh dksdÚ;kP;k jDrkeqGs ovkiY;k opukP;k lk{kheqGs ftadys vkf.k R;kaP;koj ejko;kphikGh vkyh rjh R;kauh vkiY;k ftokoj çhfr dsyh ukgh** ¼çdVh12%11½- vki.k vkiY;k thokoj ejko;kph ikGh vkyh rjh çhfr

,df=r le;


d: u;s dkj.k ^^vkiyk tquk euq"; R;kP;kcjkscj o/kLraHkkojf[kGyk xsyk** ¼jkse 6%6½-

jDrk}kjs 'kqf)dj.k] vksBkauh dsysyh ikidcwyh vkf.kf[kzLrkcjkscj vkiys o/kLraHkkyk f[kG.ks ;keqGsp vkiyk ujdkoj;s'kweqGs fot; gksrks- gkysyq;k!

çHkq ;s'kwus vkiY;kyk ifjiDo gks.;klkBh loZ dkgh iqjfoys-R;kP;k eqGsp vki.k fot;h Bjr vlrks Eg.kwu rqEgh o eh feGwuvkuan d# ;k- ijarq tj vki.k vkfRedn`"Vîk ckyokMhrpjkg.;kpk gÍ dsyk rj nso vkiY;kyk ifjiDo gks.;klkBh d/khpcGtcjh djhr ukgh ;kcÌy vki.k n{k jkfgys ikfgts- vki.k ;ktxkr vlrkauk vkiyh vkfRed ifjiDork dkylk{ksi vlrs-vkiY;kyk ;sFks ykHkysY;k vkfRed ifjDorsoj vki.k LoxkZe/;sf[kzLrk'kh ?kfu"V lgHkkfxrk feGow 'kdrks-

97


1- eh >ksih tk.;kiwohZ dlyk fopkj djrks\2- ifo= 'kkL= okprkauk eh nsokph ok.kh ,sd.;kph

vis{kk djrks dk\3- ifo= 'kkL= okprkauk nso Eg.krks rls dj.;kph

ek>h r;kjh vlrs dkaa\4- ek>s thou gs ^eh* oj voyacwu vkgs fdaok

f[kzLrkoj\ ¼xyrh 2%20½5- eh Lokoyach vkgs dk;\ vkgs rj ek÷;ke/khy

xoZ ?kkyowu eh nsokoj voyacwu jkgrks dk;\6- nsokps xkSjo d:u R;kyk xkSjo ns.ks gs eh ek>s

vk|drZO; letrks dk\7- lSrkukus ek÷;k thoukr ?kj dsys vkgs dk;\8- f[zkLrkPkk lSrkukojhy fot; gk ek>k oS;fDrd

fot;gh vkgs vls eyk okVrs dk\

,df=r le;

ek÷;k foÜoklkyk feGkys foJkarhLFkGdqBY;k erkafxdkjkr rs ukgh dh lqfo/ksr]

lnkftoh nsokoj vkgs ek>k foÜoklR;kP;k t[kekp cksyrkr ek÷;k orhus

opukoj vkgs ân; fLFkjkoysysnsokus Lor% fnysys rs opu

rkj.kkÚ;kP;k ukos feGrs rkj.kjDrkus R;kP;k fl) dsys m)j.k

eyk vkrk udks dlyk okn;qfDr&ç;qDrhph ukgh xjt;s'kwPks rkj.k gsp vkgs et iqjsek÷;klkBh R;kus çk.k vfiZyk

fyuMh ,MeaM~l

çdj.k 5

foÜoklkpk eqÌk

v'kh dYiuk djk dh ,dk euq";kyk R;kP;k fe=kyk HksVko;kltko;kps vkgs( i.k e/;s unh nqFkMh Hk:u okgkr vkgs vkf.k R;kykrh ikj d:u iyhdMP;k frjkoj jkgr vlysY;k R;k fe=kdMstko;kps vkgs- R;kP;ktoG uko ukgh( ek= irax vkf.k nksj vkgs-rks i.k rqdMs tksMwu dsysyk vkgs vkf.k R;kapk v[ksj ,d etcwrnksjp r;kj >kyk vkgs- vxnh ikrG nksÚ;k oki:u rks irax gosrmMor vkgs vkf.k unhP;k iyhdMs vlysY;k fe=kP;k gkrh rksirax ;srks- ex R;k iraxkP;k ikrG nksjhyk rks tkM nksjh cka/krks-gGw gGw iraxkP;k lgk¸;kus rks etcwr nksj rks unhikj lksMrks-ex rks etcwr nksj nksUgh frjkoj >kMkyk iDdk cka/krks- ex R;knksjkP;k lgk¸;kus unh ikj d:u rks lqjf{kri.ks vkiY;k fe=kdMstkrks-

rqeP;k ikikP;k cnY;kr rqEgk,soth nsokus Loiq=kyk ej.k

99


fnys ;koj rqEgh uok tUe ikoysys f[kzLrh Eg.kwu foÜokl Bsork-ijarq ifo= 'kkL= okpr vlrkauk rqepk foÜokl iraxkP;k R;kikrG nksjhlkj[kk çFke vlrks- ijarq rks detksj nksjgh unhikjd:u rks irax iyhdMP;k rhjki;Zar usÅ 'kdrks! ^foÜokl okrsZuso okrkZ f[kzLrkP;k opukP;k }kjs gksrs** ¼jkse 10%17½- rqEgh nsokpsopu okpr tkrk vkf.k R;kus fnysY;k vfHkopukaph vkl /kjrkrsOgk rqepk foÜokl cGdV gksr tkrks- nsokPkk vlk gsrw vkgs dhR;kP;k ysdjkauh foÜoklkr [kachj vlkos- R;klkBh fudV lgoklkphxjt vkgs- nso o R;kps ysd: ;kaP;ke/;s fudV laca/k gosr-

;gwnkus R;kP;k i=kr EgVys dh foÜoklkP;k rkj.knk;hik;kojp vki.k vkiys thou jpys ikfgts- fiz;tugks] rqEgh rjvkiY;k ijeifo= foÜoklkoj Lor%ph jpuk djk** ¼;gwnk 20½-

vWEIyhQkbZM ck;cyP;k vko`Rrhr gh ladYiuk v'kh ekaMyhvkgs &

fç;tugks rqEgh Lor%ph jpuk vR;ar ifo= v'kk foÜoklkP;kik;koj djk- ¼Eg.kts rqeph ok< vf/kd map Ogkoh½] ifo=vkRE;kus çkFkZuk djk- nsokP;k çhrhe/;s Lor%yk lqjf{kr Bsok- ;s'kwf[kzLrkP;k n;soj fu"Bk Bsowu /khjkus okV ikgk- rks rqEgkyklkoZdkfyd thoukr usbZy- ts dqjdwj djrkr] 'kadk ckGxrkrR;kaP;koj n;k djk- brjkaP;k rkj.kklkBh ç;Ru djk- R;kaukvXuhiklwu lksMok] brjkaoj Hkhr Hkhr d#.kk djk- R;kaph oL=sMkxkGysyh vlrhy vkf.k R;kauk nsgkP;k dekZauh nqf"kr dsys vlsy*¼;gwnk 20&23½-

101

;k opukoj vlk Hkj fnysyk vkgs dh foÜoklkP;k HkDdeik;koj vki.k vkiY;k vkfRed thoukph mHkkj.kh dsyh ikfgts-¼vkiyk foÜokl vf/kd ifjiDo Ogkok½- R;keqGs vkiys çkFkZuke;thou mapokos] vkiyh vk'kk ftoar vlkoh] vkRes ftad.;klkBhvki.k rRij vlkos-

foÜoklkP;k}kjs rqEgkyk rkj.k gh ns.kxh eksQr feGkyhvkgs- foÜoklkusp rqEgh iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrkpk Lohdkj djrk rsOgkrqEgke/;s ol.kkjk f[kzLrp loZ xks"Vhps fu;a=.k djrks- gks;^^uhfreku foÜoklkus txsy** ¼jkse 1%17] xyrh 3%11] bczh10%38½- rqEgh LoxkZr vlk fdaok v|ki i`Fohoj vlk] rqEghdsoG foÜoklkus txys ikfgts- nsokoj folacwu jkfgys ikfgts-rqeP;k }kjs R;kps dk;Z rqEgh dsys ikfgts- rqEgh tjh LoxkZr xsykrjh nsokP;k çhrheqGs rqEgh vkuankus o —rKi.ks nsokcjkscj R;kP;kvuar —ispk vkuan miHkkssxr jkgky- rqeph m)kjysyh eus R;kvkuankph dYiuk d:p 'kdr ukghr-

rqEgh i`Fohoj vlyk rj rqeP;k n`< foÜoklkus rqEgh çHkq;s'kwoj voyacwu jkgwu R;kyk rqeP;k}kjs dk;Z d: fnys ikfgts- rsdk;Z rqeP;kp ç;Rukus iw.kZ gksr ulrs\ nsokph ysdjs Eg.kwu vkEgkçR;sdkus foÜoklkr ok<ysp ikfgts ;kps vxR; vkgs- thounkR;ko thou ?kMfo.kkÚ;k nsokoj vki.k folacwu jkfgys ikfgts- rkspvkEgkyk jkst jkst pkyfor vlrks-

vusd osGk vkEgh ekuoh cq)hçek.ks okxrks- R;keqGs vLlyfoÜoklkph tkxk brj vusd xks"Vhaaauk fnyh tkrs- d/kh d/kh vki.k

foÜoklkpk eqÌk


foÜoklkP;k tkxh vkiyh LokFkZR;kxh lsok vkiyk mRlkg ;kaukBsorks- rjh [kjk foÜokl f[kLrh ek.klkP;k dks.kR;k rjh dk;ZØekrvxnh fu"Bsus lgHkkxh >kys Eg.ktsp fnlwu ;srks] fdaok ikGdkacjkscj,dfu"B jkfgY;kusp fnlwu ;srks fdaok ifo= 'kkL=kpk [kwi vH;kldsY;kusp fnlwu ;srks vls eqGhp ukgh- v'kk xks"Vh dsY;kusfoÜokl d/kh d/kh fnlwu ;sbZygh i.k ;k xks"Vh Lor%p dsysY;kvlY;keqGs ?kkrdgh B: 'kdrkr- R;k,soth rqepk oS;fDrdfoÜokl gkp [kjk o lkeF;Znk;h foÜokl vlrks-

[kjk foÜokl gk vkiY;k iqu#fRFkr çHkq ;s'kwoj iw.kZi.ksvoyacwu jkg.;kr vlrks- nqnSZokus vusd f[kzLrh yksdkapk vlklet vkgs dh R;kaph cqf)eÙkk] R;kaps Qlos O;fDreRo] cWadse/;svlysyh R;kaph iqath ;keqGs rs thoukr ;'kLoh gksÅ 'kdrkr- ijarqifo= 'kkL= Li"Vi.ks lkaxrs dh ts uok tUe ikoysys vkgsr R;kauhvkiY;k ;'kklkBh dsoG ifo= vkRE;kojp voyacwu jkfgysikfgts- nsokoj foÜokl Bso.;kpk tj vki.k ç;Ru dsyk ukgh rj'kkL=opu vkiY;kyk Li"V lkaxrs dh R;kP;k lkeF;Znk;h 'kDrhf'kok;vki.k ts dkgh ew[kZi.ks djrks rs loZ ok;k tkrs- vki.k fdrhmRlkgh vkgksr ;koj vkiY;k f[kzLrhi.kkpk çHkko voyacwu ulrks-[kjs rj vkiyk Toyar foÜoklp vkiY;k loZ —rhyk iks"kd Bjrvlrks-

nsokP;k fçrhf'kok; rqEgh thoukr ts dkgh feGfork oLor%yk lqjf{kr vkgksr vls ekurk & ex rks iSlk vlsy] f'k{k.kvlsy] fe=eaMGh vlrhy] rqeph uksdjh ok lÙkk vlsy] rqepsO;fDreRo vlsy & rj rqEgh foÜoklk}kjs txr ukgh vlspfnlwu ;sbZy- rqeph [kjh lqjf{krrk vkf.k egRo gs nso vkf.k

103

m)kjdrkZ ;kaojp vk/kkfjr vkgs- ;k txkrhy çoklkyk rqEghfoÜoklkoj txr ulky rj nsokP;k lrr ykHk.kkÚ;k vlhevkuankyk rqEgh eqdky- rqeP;k}kjs R;kps çhrhps dk;Z o lsokrqEgkyk djrk ;s.kkj ukgh- dkj.k ts dkgh foÜoklkus ukgh rs ikivkgs* ¼jkse 14%23½-

nsokP;k opukoj vkiys iks"k.k Ogkos gh tk.k th- dhFk ;kaukgksrh o R;keqGs fo'okl ok<rks v'kh R;kaph /kkj.kk gksrh- R;kauhfyfgys vkgs %

fdrh HkDde vkgs gk ik;kvgks nsokP;k lartukauks]

rqeP;k foÜoklklkBh rks vkgsnsokP;k opukaoj lqanjlk mHkk-

vkfRed o`)hlkBh nsokph ok.kh ,sdY;kf'kok; ik;kp mHkk:'kdr ukgh- vki.k nsoklehi ;sÅu R;kaP;kcjkscj ,df=r le;xqtjyk Eg.kts R;k ik;kyk t.kq dk; flesaVus HkDde dsys tkrs-

foÜoklkeqGs nsokcjkscj vlysyh ftoar lgHkkfxrk çcGgksrs-

baXyaMe/;s eh dkgh o"kkZiwohZ lqekjs 'kaHkj ikGdkauk lathou;k fo"k;koj cks/k dsyk gksrk- nso leFkZi.ks vkEgke/;s dk;Z djhrgksrk- vkeph ân;s Hk:u vkyh gksrh- e/;LFkhph çkFkZuk dj.;klkBh,d ikGd mHks jkfgys- vR;ar rGeGhus o HkXu ân;h gksÅu R;kauhçkFkZuk dsyh- ^^gs nsok ;kiwohZ tsOgk eh ;k ca/kqleksj çkFkZuk dsyhR;kosGh eh R;kaP;klaca/kh vkf.k /keZrRokalaca/khp vf/kd tkxr gksrks]

foÜoklkpk eqÌk


rq÷;k ifo= mifLFkrhcÌy ek= eh xkQhy gksrks gs eh nq%[kkus dcwydjrks-**

vkiys ân; ,o<s Qlos vlrs dh tsOgk vki.k çkFkZukdjrks rsOgk vki.k vkiY;k 'kCnkvkM yir vlrks- vkiY;kLoxhZ; fiR;kleksj vki.k vkiY;k ân;krhy xjtk çkekf.kdi.ksekaM.;kl vki.k deh iMrks- dsoG vkiyh çkFkZuk ikB d:uEg.k.ks] fdaok rh mPpkj.ks Eg.kts [kjh çkFkZuk ukgh- tsOgk vkiysân; LoxhZ; fiR;kcjkscj ,dtho gksrs o R;kP;k vuar çdk'kkr rsikjn'khZ curs rsOgk vkiyk LoxhZ; firk larq"V gksrks o vkiyhR;kP;kcjkscj vlysyh lgHkkfxrk vk'khokZfnr gksrs-

,[kk|k xjtw ikrD;kus ifo= nsokyk larks"kokos gk fopkjFkksMk /kkMlkpk okVsy- ijarq 'kkL=opu lkaxrs dh euq";kphfufeZrh nsokus R;kp mÌs'kkus dsyh vkgs] nsokyk xkSjo] eku] efgekfnyk tkok- vkiY;kyk vkoMks ok u vkoMks vkeps vfLrRopnsokyk xkSjo ns.;klkBh vkgs!

^^rqEgh loZ çdkjs çHkqyk larks"kfo.;kdfjrk R;kyk 'kksHksyvls okxkos** ¼dyLlS 1%10½- lar ikSykph dyLlSdjkaP;k eaMGhdMwuv'kh çkekf.kd bPNk tk.kwu R;kçek.ks dj.ks- lk/kkj.k vki.kvlsp ,[kk|kyk larks"kfo.;kpk* vFkZ djhr vlrks- vkiyh bPNkuOgs rj nqlÚ;kph dk; bPNk vkgs gs ikgwu vki.k R;kyklarks"kfor vlrks-

nsokyk larks"kfo.;k,soth tj vki.k Lor%ykp larks"kforjkfgyks rj vkiY;k ekxkZr vki.k vkiys vaxBs nxMkoj Bspwu?ksrks- fHkarhoj Mksds vkiVwu ?ksrks vkf.k vki.kp vkiys vMFkGs

105

fuekZ.k d:u R;kr vMdwu iMrks- ijarq tsOgk foÜokl.kkjk f[kzLrhnsokP;k oSHkoh ikjn'khZ çdk'kkr ;srks vkf.k R;kP;k cjskcj lgHkkfxrklk/krks rsOgk rks vkuan [kjsp fdrh vo.kZuh; vlrks!

^foÜokl* vkf.k ^nsokyk larks"kfo.ks* gs fufÜpr ,desdka'khtksMysys vkgs gs ifo= 'kkL= nk[kowu nsrs- udkjkRed laKsusfoÜokl vkf.k çHkqyk larks"kfo.ks gs vxnh leFkZi.ks fo"kn gksrsvkf.k ^foÜoklkokpwu R;kyk larks"kfo.ks v'kD; vkgs* uarj gspopu iq<s ldkjkRed vkgs- R;keqGs [kÚ;k foÜokl.kkÚ;kyk mÙkstufeGrs- nsokcjkscj vlysY;k lgHkkfxrseqGs QG feGrs- ^nsoktoGtk.kkÚ;kus vlk foÜokl Bsoyk ikfgts dh rks vkgs vkf.k R;kpk'kks/k >Vwu dj.kkÚ;kauk rks çfrQG ns.kkjk vkgs** ¼bczh- 11%6½-

th O;Drh vkiY;k rkj.kkÚ;kP;k ?kfu"V lgoklkr jkgrsR;kauk nso vfr'k; lqanj o dYiukrhy vls vkfRed çfrQGnsrks- R;k QGkapk çR;{k vuqHko ?ksrY;kf'kok; R;kaph po dGw'kdr ukgh- nsokcjkscj ftoar lgHkkfxrk lk/k.;kph o R;kyklarks"kfo.;kph vkf.k nsokP;k ysdjkauk vo.kZuh; vlk vkuanns.kkjh xq#fdYyh Eg.kts foÜokl-

gks;] foÜokl gsp ,d vls lk/ku vkgs dh T;keqGs ifo=vkRek nsokP;k ysdjkyk iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrkps lkeF;Z iqjfor vlrks-

,[kk|k mins'kdkpk mins'k ,sdwu fdaok nsokps opu okpwuvkiY;kyk nsokP;k vfHkopukph tk.kho gksrs( rjhgh nqnSZokus R;kpkvkiY;kyk vkfRed ykHk ?kMr ukgh vls nq%[kkus Eg.kkos ykxrs-^^ijarq ,sdysys opu R;kauk ykHknk;d >kys ukgh dkj.k R;kapk,sd.kkÚ;kae/;s foÜoklkcjkscj la;ksx >kyk ukgh** ¼bczh 4%2½-

foÜoklkpk eqÌk


tsOgk nsokps opu eLrdkdMwu ân;kr ?kqlrs o R;ke/;sfoÜokl felGrks rsOgkp nsokps opu okp.ks ykHknk;d Bjrs-R;kp{k.kh ifo= vkRek] çHkq ;s'kwph —ik vkiY;k thoukr vksrrks-R;keqGs çHkq ;s'kwph lsok dj.;kph çR;sd l/kh vki.k lk/krks-thoukrhy çR;sd leL;syk rksaM ns.;klkBh R;kps lekF;Z dls dk;Zdjrs gs vki.k nk[kowu nsÅ 'kdrks-

çR;sd foÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k thoukr dBh.k çlax o eksgkps {k.k;srkr gs lR; vkgs- çHkqlaxrh vlysyh vkiyh lgHkkfxrkeksM.;klkBh lSrku ^txkpk* Eg.kts R;krhy eksge; xks"Vhapkmi;ksx djhr vlrks- nsokps ysd: lrr nsokP;k lgHkkfxrse/;sjeek.k >kysys vlrs- gs lSrkukyk vftckr :pr ukgh- Eg.kwuuok tUe ikoysY;kapk nsok'kh laca/k lksM.;klkBh lSrku dkghghd: 'kdrks- ,df=r le;kr tsOgk foÜoklkph cka/k.kh gksrs rsOgk rsikgwu lSrku lxGsp m/oLr dj.;klkBh Viysyk vlrks-

vkfRedn`"Vîk ckyln`'k vl.kkÚ;kauk tfxd xks"Vhp lR;vkgsr vls okVr vlrs- ijarq rs myV vlrs- vkfRed xks"Vhákp lR; vlrkr- ^dkj.k txkr ts loZ vkgs rs Eg.kts nsgkphokluk] MksGîkph okluk o lalkjfo"k;hph Qq'kkjdh gh fiR;kiklwuukghr rj txkiklwu vkgsr** ¼1 ;ksgku 2%16½- yksdkauk Qlfo.ksgs brds lksis vkgs Eg.kwup lSrku yksdkauk ekxZHkz"V dj.;klkBhtGrs ck.k R;kaP;koj lksMr vlrks-

ifo='kkL= vkiY;kyk lkaxrs dh nsgkph okluk vkiY;kykeksgkr ikMrs- MksGîkph okluk vkf.k xfoZ"Bi.kk fdaok Qq'kkjdh;keqGs vki.k ikikl ço`Ùk gksrks- nsokph vkeP;klkBh th pkaxyh;kstuk vkgs R;ke/;s lSrku usgeh yqMcwM djhr vlrks- nsokcjkscj

107

vki.k d/kh ,d= ;sÅ u;s ;klkBh lSrkukph lrr /kMiM pkywvlrs- ;k nq"Vkyk ekghr vkgs dh tsOgk vki.k nsokP;k fudVlgoklkr ;srks rsOgk vki.k vkfRed n`"Vîk ok<r tkrks vkf.kR;keqGs nsokyk larks"k gksrks-nsgkph okluk %nsgkph okluk %nsgkph okluk %nsgkph okluk %nsgkph okluk % vktP;k vuSfrd txkr nsgkph oklukQksQkor vkgs- ySafxd çnq"k.kkus tx Hkjys vkgs- R;keqGs lSrkunsgkph okluk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh yksdkauk psrfor vkgs- ts yksd vlsokluke; thou txrkr R;kaP;k thoukr lSrkukus lgt ços'kdsysyk vlrks- R;kaps 'kjhj vkf.k laiÙkh lSrkukP;k gkrh vkysyhvlrs- lSrkukP;k nq"VrseqGs T;k yksdkaph Qlo.kwd >kysyh vlrsR;kauk uarj dGwu pqdrs dh ikikpk {kf.kd cqMcqMk QqVyk vkgsvkf.k ex R;kaP;k thoukr iksdGh fuekZ.k gksrs o rh 'ksoVh 'kjesusHk:u tkrs!MksGîkph okluk % MksGîkph okluk % MksGîkph okluk % MksGîkph okluk % MksGîkph okluk % vktP;k txkrhy tkghjkrckthusvki.kkl vkdf"kZr d:u vkf.k nqlÚ;kadMs vlysY;k xks"Vhapk gsokd:u lSrku vkiY;koj dqj?kksMh djrks- rks nq"V Qlo.kkjkvkiY;k dkukr dqtcqtrks] ^^tj rq÷;kdMs ,d lqanj ?kMîkGvlys] ,d ,dj tehu vlyh] pkaxys eksBs ?kj vlys Eg.kts rwalq[kh gks'khy** ijarq ^^euq"; dsoG Hkkdjhus uOgs rj nsokP;keq[kkrwu fu?k.kkÚ;k çR;sd opukus txsy** ¼eÙk; 4%4½- ;keqGsvkiY;kyk letwu pqdsy dh vkEgh vkeP;k ludheqGs tsfeGfoys R;krwu vkEgkyk dk;eLo#ih lek/kku d/khp feGrukgh-

foÜoklkpk eqÌk


lalkjkph Qq'kkjdh %lalkjkph Qq'kkjdh %lalkjkph Qq'kkjdh %lalkjkph Qq'kkjdh %lalkjkph Qq'kkjdh % vkeP;k rkBîkeqGs] xfoZ"Bi.kkeqGsvkf.k pqdhP;k vkRefuHkZjrsP;k dYiuseqGs lSrkuklkBh vkEghvkeP;k thoukps nkj lrkM m?kMs Bsor vlrks- dks.kR;kghLo#ikrhy lokZapk nsokyk Hk;adj frVdkjk okVrks!

vkEgh vkeP;kp rkdnhus vkeps Hkfo"; ?kMow 'kdrks vlkvkRefoÜokl gk [kÚ;k foÜoklkP;k fo#) vkgs- dkj.k foÜoklEg.kts çHkq ;s'kwoj Hkjoalk Bso.ks gks;- vkf.k vki.k vxksnjpikfgys vkgs dh lalkjkP;k Qq'kkjdhoj ,dp mÙkj vkgs] ^nsokleksjLor%yk yhu djk** ¼;kdksc 4%10½- lSrkuklkBh njoktk candj.;klkBh rqEgh nsokoj iw.kZ Hkjoalk Vkdyk vkgs ;kph rqEgh[kk=h fnyh ikfgts- rqEgh nsokoj folacrk gk rqepk foÜokl vkgs-R;keqGsp rqEgh lSrkukoj fot; feGow 'kdrk- ^^dkj.k ts dkghnsokiklwu tUeysys vkgs rs txkoj t; feGfors vkf.k T;kustxkoj t; feGfoyk rks Eg.kts vkiyk foÜokl** ¼1 ;ksgku5%4½

txkrhy vusd eksgkoj ekr dj.kkÚ;k foÜoklkP;k tksjkojtsOgk rqEgh iw.kZ fot;kr ços'k djrk rsOgk ;s'kwus R;kP;k f'k";kauktks /kMk f'kdoyk R;kph rqEgh vkBo.k Bso.ks xjtsps vkgs- vLlyfoÜoklkdfjrk ,d vM[kG.k vlrs ;kcÌy f'k";kauk rkdhn fnyhvkgs] ^^ts rqEgh ,desdkadMwu ç'kalk d:u ?ksrk vkf.k tks ,dpnso R;kP;kdMwu ç'kalk d:u ?ks.;kph [kViV djhr ukgh R;krqEgkyk foÜokl Bsork ;s.ks dls 'kD; vkgs\** ¼;ksgku 5%44½- ;k'kCnka}kjs ;s'kwus f'k";kauk Li"Vi.ks nk[kowu fnys vkgs dh rqEgh

109

yksdkadMwu ekuikukph vis{kk djhr jkfgykr rj rsFks foÜokl d/khp jkgkr ukgh- v'kk çdkjph ykylk ckgd.ks gh vusd f[kzLrhyksdkalaca/khph leL;k vkgs- vFkkZr f[kzLrkyk ukdkj.kkÚ;k lektkykekU;rk ns.ks [kÚ;k f[kzLrh f'k";Rokps y{k.k uOgsp-

rqEgh tsOgk rqeP;k ,df=r le;kpk vkuan ?ksr vlrk rsOgkrqepk foÜokl ok<hl ykxrks- ex rqeP;k thoukrhy ijh{kkçlaxh R;k cGdV foÜoklkpk mi;ksx dlk djkok gs rqEgkykletrs-


1½ ek÷;k nSuafnu dkekr eh lØh; foÜoklkpkvkuan ?ksrks dk\

2½ çR;sd la/khe/;s eyk dkgh leL;k fnlrsdk; fdaok f[kzLrkoj fuHkZj jkg.;kph la/kheh lk/krks dk;\

3½ eh nsokP;k bPNsçek.ks djrks dk fdaok ek>hbPNk eh R;kP;koj yknrks\

4½ eh çHkqoj lrr voyacwu jkfgY;keqGs ek>sthou Hk;eqDr vkgs dk;\

foÜoklkpk eqÌk

gs çHkq et'kh cksy Eg.kts ehghrq>kp vkokt çfr/ouhr djhr cksysu]tls rwa 'kks/kysl rlsp eyk 'kks/kw ns]

rq>h pqdysyh] gjoysyh ysdjs

çHkq eyk f'kdo ex ehgh f'kdohuewY;oku xks"Vh rw usgehp nsrksl

ek÷;k 'kCnkauk ia[k ns vkf.k iksgapw nsrs 'kCn va/kdkjkr nMysY;k ân;kr

rq÷;k iw.kZrsus çHkq eyk iw.kZ djHk#u okgw ns ek>s ân; rq÷;kp

fnO; fopkjkauh vu~ rstkG 'kCnkauhçhfr rq>h o.kwZ ns] Lrqrh rq>h d: ns-

Ýkalsl fjMys gWoxZy

çdj.k 6

lkax.;kpk le;

,dk jk=h eh ,dk lHkse/;s cksyY;kuarj ,d oMhy ek÷;kdMsvkys o eh R;kaP;kdfjrk çkFkZuk djkoh vls rs eyk Eg.kkys-vkEgkcjkscj nsokps lkeF;Z vxnh osxGîk çdkjs dk;Zjr gksrs- R;kofMykauh eyk lkafxrys dh R;kaP;k lgdk;kZauk vkf.k fe=kauk lqokrkZlkax.;kr dkgh vMp.kh vkgsr- yksdkauk enr djrkauk tls ehusgeh] çHkwyk R;kaP;k vMp.khpk eyk uhV iMrkGk ;kok Eg.kwuçkFkZuk djrks r'kh eh 'kkari.ks çHkqph çkFkZuk dsyh o R;k x`gLFkkP;kthoukr usedh d'kkph xjt vkgs gs çHkqyk nk[kowu ns.;klfoufoys- ek÷;k eukr rsOgk fopkj vkyk o eh EgVys] ^[kjs rjgh leL;k [kjh ulkoh- etcjkscj rqEgh xqM?ks Vsdk o çHkqykfopkjk dh lqokrkZ lkax.;ke/;s dks.krh vMp.k rqEgkyk okVrs-**yxps R;k ofMykauh xqM?ks Vsdwu çkFkZuk dsyh-

rsOgk eyk vls tk.koys dh vkgs R;kis{kk dkgh rjh osxGhpleL;k rsFks vkgs vkf.k çHkq rh m?kM djhy- HkXu ân;kus ek>k

111


rks fe= nsokyk lkaxr gksrk dh ?kjke/;s rks fdrh funZ;i.ks okxrgksrk vkf.k R;kP;k eqykaoj d'kh gqdqe'kkgh xktor gksrk- R;kusvxnh eukiklwu iÜpkÙkki dsyk vkf.k nsoktoG {kek ekfxryh-

R;k jk=h vkEgh R;kP;k lqokrkZ lkax.;krhy vMp.khlaca/khdkghp ppkZ dsyh ukgh] dkj.k ;s'kwusp R;k ofMykauk vxnh uO;kekxkZus Lor%l çxV dsys gksrs- nqlÚ;k fno'kh jk=h rs xgLFk vxnhvkuafnr psgÚ;kus etdMs vkys vkf.k mRlkgkus eyk Eg.kkys] ^vktfnolHkj brjkauk ;s'kwcÌy lkax.;kl xIi cl.ks eyk 'kD;p uOgrs!**

ifo= 'kkL=kr vkiY;kyk vls d/khp lakfxrys ukgh dh rqEghT;kaps ifjorZu v|ki >kys ukgh R;kauk rkj.klaca/khph ;kstuk ;qfDrckti)rhus lkaxk- myV vkiY;kyk vls lkafxrys vkgs dh vkEgh lrr;s'kw cjkscj pkyys ikfgts- R;keqGs vki.k tsOgk 'kqHkorZekukpk lans'kR;kauk lkaxrks rsOgk] çHkqph çhfr vkEgkae/kwu vkslaMwu okgw ykxrsvkf.k ex R;k yksdkauk nsokP;k opuke/khy lR; ,sdkosls okVrs-

d/kh d/kh nsokcjkscj vkepk lwj uhV teysyk ulrks]vkeph lgHkkfxrk uhV tqGysyh ulrs R;kosGh vkiY;kyk tk.korsdh vkiyh lk{k ifj.kkedkjd o foÜoklkgZ v'kh gksr ukgh- v'kkle;h vki.k nsokps opu yksdkauk lkax.;klkBh vkiys vksB feVwuVkdysys vlrkr- vkiY;k lHkksorh f[kzLrkyk u Lohdkj.kkÚ;kyksdkauk ex vki.k f[kzLrklaca/kh dkghp lkaxw 'kdr ukgh-

tsOgk rqEgkyk ifjorZu u >kysY;k yksdkauk ;s'kw f[kzLrklaca/khdkgh lkaxko;kps vlsy rj R;klkBh ifgyh ik;jh Eg.kts nsokcjkscjrqepk ,df=r le; vR;ar çHkkoh vlyk ikfgts- vktP;knsoghu txkr vkfRed QG ns.;kpk vuqHko ?ks.ks vkf.k dsoG'kqHkorZeku foØsrk* vl.ks ;k nksgksr Qkj Qjd vkgs! foÜokl.kkÚ;kus

113

mBwu txkleksj f[kzLrklaca/kh dkghrjh lk{k |koh ;klkBh R;kph;kstuk dj.;kr vkyh ukgh- myV tks uO;kus tUeysyk vkgsR;kP;ke/;s f[kzLr olr vlrks vkf.k ex rks vkuankus f[kzLrklaca/kh cksyw 'kdrks-

çHkq ;s'kw R;kP;k f'k";kauk Eg.kkyk] ^^tks ek÷;ke/;s jkgrksvkf.k eh T;kP;ke/;s jkgrks rks iq"dG QG nsrks dkj.k ek÷;kokpwuosxGs vlY;kl rqEgkyk dkgh djrk ;sr ukgh** ¼;ksgku 15%5½-R;kP;ke/;s jkg.ks vkf.k R;kP;kcÌy lkax.ks ;k rqeP;k tckcnkÚ;kvkgs- R;kps QG ns.;kph tckcnkjh R;kP;koj vkgs-

i™kklkO;k fnolkuarj f'k";kapk vkuan vkf.k mRlkg HkjHk:uokgw ykxyk- iqu#fRFkr çHkqcjkscj vxksnjp rs pkyys cksyys gksrs-rs tsFks tsFks xsys] T;kauh f[kzLrkyk ukdkjys v'kkaukgh R;kauhf[kzLrkcÌy o nsokP;k vkÜp;Zdkjd —rhcÌy lkafxrys ¼çs-—-2%1½- yksdkauk gs ,sdwu vf/kdp mRlqdrk okVw ykxyh vkf.kgtkjks yksd is=kps Hkk"k.k ,sd.;klkBh tek >kys- rks mins'k d:ykxyk rsOgk R;k leqnk;kyk Lor%P;k ikrdkaph çd"kkZus tk.kho>kyh- vxnh FkksMîk osGkiwohZ T;kauh f[kzLrkyk o/kLraHkh f[kG.;klkBhvkokt mBfoyk gksrk rs vkrZi.ks Eg.kkys] ^ca/kqtugks] vkEgh dk;djkos\ ¼çs-—- 2%37½- R;kp fno'kh f'k";kaph oS;fDrd lk{k vkf.kis=kps tkghj Hkk"k.k ;keqGs vkRE;kpk Qkj eksBk gaxke osp.;krvkyk!

iq<s f'k";kauk vf/kd dBh.k çlaxkyk rksaM |kos ykxys( rsOgkf'k";kauh nsokph vxnh dGdGhus çkFkZuk dsyh- ts /keZiq<kjh gksrsrs f'k"; vkf.k R;kapk lans'k v'kk nksgksaphgh gsVkG.kh djhr gksrs-R;kauh f'k";kauk nVkoys dh ;s'kwP;k ukokus R;kauh dkgh cksyw u;s- ;k

lkax.;kpk le;


vxksnj ekMhojP;k [kksyhe/;s ;s'kwus f'k";kauk oS;fDrdfjR;k lqokrkZd'kh lkaxkoh gs f'kdfoys uOgrs- ijarq vkrk rs ifo= vkRE;kusHkjys gksrs R;keqGs rs Lor% gksÅup Eg.kkys- ^^ts vkEgh ikfgyso ,sdys rs u cksy.ks gs vkEgkyk 'kD; ukgh** ¼çs-—-4%20½- iqUgkrs nsokP;k lkfu/;kr vkys gksrs- iqu#fRFkr f[kzLrkeqGs R;kaps ân;isVys gksrs- 'kkar cl.ks R;kauk 'kD; uOgrs-

1960 lky njE;ku eh vkf.k MkWjFkhus iksyknh iM|k* vkMlqokrkZ xktoyh- ikGdh; lsose/khy vMp.khlaca/kh fopkj.kk dsyhvlrk ,d ikGd Eg.kkys] ^vkEgh l/;k FkksMsp t.k vkgksr i.kvkEgh dks.k vkgksr gs vkEgkyk ekghr vkgs- vkeP;kiSdh tsokprhy R;kauk iqu#fRFkr f[kzLr Bkowd vkgs- ;kcÌy vkEghvxnh Bke vkgksr-** ¼ek÷;k dkgh okpdkauk v'kk çlaxkapkvuqHko vkgs- vkt txke/;s ts ?kMr vkgs rs ikgwu vkf.k tjf[kzLr iqUgk yodj vkyk ukgh rj vki.k iwohZ dYiukgh dsyhulsy v'kk xks"Vhauk vkiY;kyk rksaM |kos ykxsy½-

^,df=r le;* ;k frP;k oghe/;s MkWjFkhus fyfgys- ^R;kP;ke`R;qps eksy Eg.kts ek÷;k çR;sd Üoklkrwu R;kpk vkRek okgrksvkgs vls okVys ikfgts-** çkjaHkhP;k f'k";kauh R;kP;k fufHkZMlk{khdfjrk eksBs eksy fnys gksrs- ;s'kwcÌy dkghp cksyw udk v'khR;kauk /kedh fnyh rsOgk rs ,d= tewu çkFkZuk d: ykxys- vki.kokprks] ^^---rs loZ ifo= vkRE;kus ifjiw.kZ gksÅu nsokps opu /kS;kZus cksywa ykxys** ¼izsf"kr 4%31½-

tsOgk ifo= vkRek gk ifo= vkRE;kus HkjysY;kfo'okl.kkÚ;kP;k thoukrwu HkjHk:u okgko;kl ykxrksr s Ogk i zHkkoh lqokrk Z xktfoY;k tkr s - [kÚ;k

115

foÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k thoukrwu ex R;kP;k vkr okl dj.kkjkf[kzLr çxV gksÅ ykxrks-

uok djkj okprkauk vkiY;kyk fnlwu ;sbZy dh çkjaHkhP;keaMGhe/;s lqokrkZ dk;Z gs dks.kk cMk O;fDreRokeqGs ?kMr uOgrs-i™kklkO;k fno'kh is=kps Hkk"k.k ,sd.;klkBh eksBh xnhZ teyh gksrh-dkj.k R;k vxksnj f'k";kauh nsokP;k Fkksj dk;kZph ?kks"k.kk O;fDr'k%yksdkadMs tkÅu dsyh gksrh ¼çs-—- 2%11½-

foÜokl.kkÚ;kP;k ân;krwu f[kzLrkph ifo=rk] thou vkf.kçhrh tsOgk fujk'ksus xzklysY;kadMs okgw ykxrs rsOgk yksdkaph var%dj.kse`nw curkr o nsokps lR; opu Lohdkj.;kl rs r;kj gksrkr-Eg.kwu vki.k jkst jkst nsokP;k opukP;k çdk'kkr vkys ikfgtsvkf.k R;kP;k vkRE;kus ifjiw.kZ gksr xsys ikfgts ¼bfQl 5%18½-

vksrizksr lqokrkZ çlkjek÷;k f[kzLrh thoukP;k lq#okrhP;k dkGkr eh r#.k eaMGkpk

lHkkln gksrks- ^Kkuk* is{kk vkeP;kdMs mRlkgp vf/kd gksrk!R;keqGsp dnkfpr nsokus vkEgkyk T;k yksdkaps ifjorZu >kys ukghv'kkalkBh dk;Z djko;kl ykoys- r#.k foÜokl.kkjs Eg.kwu vkEgkykdke djrkauk vkysys vuqHko ;k lanHkkZr dls gksrs gs eyk lkaxw|k-

O;kolkf;d thou % O;kolkf;d thou % O;kolkf;d thou % O;kolkf;d thou % O;kolkf;d thou % ek>s ifjorZu gks.;kP;k le;h ehVkÅu dkSalhye/;s flOghy baftfu;jP;k vkWfQle/;s dke d:uf'kdr gksrks- rsFks dke djhr vlrkauk ,dnk eyk VkÅu DykdZP;kvkWfQlkr cksyko.ks vkys- eyk ofj"B lkgscka}kjs lDr rkdhn

lkax.;kpk le;


ns.;kr vkyh] ^^rwa vusd vokarj dkekr xqarysyk vlrksl vlseyk letys vkgs-** rks ek÷;k lqokrkZ dk;kZlaca/kh eyk cksyrgksrk- dkj.k vkEgh r#.k eaMGh rs dk;Z djhr gksrks- jk=h loZnqdkus can >kY;kuarj vkEgh loZt.k ,dk fBdk.kh tewu m?kMîkojlqokrkZlHkk ?ksr vlw- lq#okrhyk vkEgh dk; lkaxrks gs ,sd.;kldks.kh mRlqd ulss- ijarq cksy.kkÚ;kyk ispkr Vkdys Eg.kts ex brjvusd yksd R;kyk lkFk nsr( rj dkght.k cksy.kkÚ;kph dho djhr-gGwgGw vusd yksd tek gksr o vkEgh R;kauk lans'k nsr vlw vkf.kex d/kh d/kh jk=h ,d&nksu yksd f[kzLrkdMs oGr! VkÅu DykdZusv'kk O;kolkf;d yksdkaps vkEgh VkÅu gkWye/;s ifjorZu d: u;svls vkEgkyk ctkoys- vkeP;k v'kk ^Qkthy mRlkgkeqGs* VkWÅugkWyph bHkzr deh gksrs vls R;kps Eg.k.ks gksrs- gs loZ can >kyspikfgts vlk ne R;kus Hkjyk- ijarq vkeP;k m?kMîkojhy lHkkaukpkaxys QG ;sr gksrs Eg.kwu vkEgh loZ r#.kkauh gs dk;Z pkyw Bso.;kpsBjfoys-

dkykarjkus eh ck;cy dkWyste/;s f'kdr vlrkauk vkeP;kdkWystP;k çkpk;kZauh mins'k djrkauk EgVys] ^m?kMîkojP;k lHksrtj rqEgkyk xnhZ [ksprk ;sr ulsy rj cafnLr mikluk eafnjkrrqEgh yksdkauk daVkGk ;sÅ nsÅ udk!** gs ,sdY;kuarj vkEghm?kMîkojhy vkeP;k lqokrkZ lHkkae/;s dk;Z dsY;kcÌy eyk eukseucjs okVys!

ek>s ifjorZu >kY;kcjkscj eh ek÷;k f[kzLrkojhyfoÜoklklaca/kh ek÷;k lgdk;kZauk lkafxrys- ijarq ek÷;k vkWfQle/khy ,dk O;Drhyk eh v|ki dkghp lqokrkZ lkafxryh ukgh gs eykvkBoys- rh O;Drh Eg.kts jkst jk=h vkWfQlph Qj'kh iql.;klkBh;s.kkjh ,d ckbZ gksrh- ,dk jk=h loZ lgdkjh fu?kwu xsY;kuarj eh

117

cknyh vkf.k Qj'kh iql.;kpk cz'k dksBs vkgs rs ikfgys- R;kP;klgk¸;kus eh lxGh LoPNrk dsyh vkf.k rh ckbZ ;s.;kph okV ikgwykxyks- rh vkyh rsOgk eh vkuankus fryk Eg.kkyks] ^^rq>s lxGsdke eh dsys vkgs-** fryk vkÜp;Z okVys- ex frus ek÷;kcjkscjpgk ?ksryk- vkEgh cksyr gksrks- rsOgk eh fryk ;s'kwcÌy lkafxrys-vkEgh cksyr gksrks] vkf.k uarj çkFkZuk dsyh- rsOgk frP;k MksGîkrwuvks?kGysY;k vJwaph vkBo.k vktgh eyk gksrs-

lkekftd thou %lkekftd thou %lkekftd thou %lkekftd thou %lkekftd thou % eyk ek>k ,dfolkok ok<fnolvkBorks- baXyaMe/;s v'kk lekjaHkkyk R;kosGh fo'ks"k egRo fnystkbZ- v'kk lekjaHk çlaxh mR—"B Hkkstu o uarj u`R;kpk dk;ZØevls- eh ,dohl o"kkZapk >kyks rsOgk nsokus ek÷;k ik;krhy u`R;dk<wu Vkdys o rs ek÷;k ân;kr Hkjys gksrs- Eg.kwu ek>k,dfolkok ok<fnol vkf.k R;kfufeÙk ek÷;k vkbZofMykauh çsekusvk;ksftr dsysyk dk;ZØe Eg.kts ekÖ;k fe=kauk f[kzLrkdMs vk.k.;kphek÷;klkBh ioZ.khp gksrh- R;kadfjrk eh ,dk lqokrkZ çlkjdkykcksykoys gksrs- eh fuea=.k if=dsr mYys[k dsyk dh tso.kkuarj ,dfo'ks"k Hkk"k.k gksbZy vkf.k R;k fuea=.k if=dk eh ek÷;k lgdkjhfe=kauk fnY;k- ^^rqeP;k migkjk,soth rqeph mifLFkrh çkFkZuh;vkgs** vlsgh R;kr uewn dsys- R;kp jk=h ek÷;k ,dk fe=kpsvkÜp;ZdkjdfjR;k ifjorZu >kys!

uarj yaMue/khy cWfIVLV ppZpk eh lgk¸;d ikGd >kyks-R;kosGh r#.kkauh vk;ksftr dsysyh lgy] 'kgjkrhy QsjQVdk][ksGkP;k 'k;Zrh ;k d/khp ifjorZu u >kysY;k r#.kkauk fuea=.kfnY;f'kok; ?kMY;k ukghr- ;k loZ dk;ZØekapk 'ksoV 'kqHkorZekukusgksr vls- dka gksÅ u;s\ loZ r#.kkauk gs iVys gksrs dh R;kaP;k

lkax.;kpk le;


r#.k eaMGkph mHkkj.kh gs çHkqP;k HkDde ik;kojp gksrs vkf.kbrj vusdkaps ifjorZu R;keqGs lk/kys tk.kkj gskrs- R;keqGs nsokP;k—isr R;k r#.k eaMGhph ok< gksr xsyh ;kr uoy ukgh-

vkfRed thou %vkfRed thou %vkfRed thou %vkfRed thou %vkfRed thou % eh ,dks.khl o"kkZapk vlrkauk ek>sifjorZu >kys vkf.k R;kiwohZ eh ifo= 'kkL=kpk vH;kl d/khpxkaHkh;kZus dsyk ukgh- vFkkZr rksi;Zar eyk nsokP;k opuklaca/khvxnh rksdMh ekfgrh gksrh- ijarq tsOgk eh çHkq ;s'kwpk ek>krkj.kkjk Eg.kwu Lohdkj dsyk rsOgk vkEgh dkght.k ,d= ;sÅunj lkseokjh jk=h ifo= 'kkL=kpk vH;kl d: ykxyks- vkeps,dp /;s; gksrs dh nsokps opu vkeP;k eLrdkrwu ân;kdMsiksgapkos] rsgh vxnh Rofjr! R;kgh dkGkr vkEgh ifo= 'kkL=kpkvH;kl vxnh çkjafHkd Lo#ikpk vlk djhr gksrks- vkEgh nsokpsopu Eg.kts ,d /kkfeZd Øfed iqLrd vkgs vls letr uOgrks-myV rs vkeP;k thoukyk fn'kk nk[kfo.kkjs gksdk;a=p vkgs vlsekur gksrks-

R;k lksI;k 'kkL=kH;klkeqGs dkgh t.kkaps ifjorZu >kys vkf.kvkEgh lokZauh feGwu 'kqHkorZekukpk lans'k nwjoj usyk- vkeP;kiSdhdks.kktoGgh eksVkj uOgrh- ex vkEgh lk;dyoj tkr gksrks-vkeP;kiSdh dkght.k gq'kkj gksrs- R;kauh lk;dyhoj d.ksZ] VªkWyhclfoyh- lqÍhP;k fno'kh vkEgh vktqcktqP;k [ksMîkr lk;dyojQsjh ekjhr vlwa- vkeP;k lk;dy ekxs Vªsyj* o iq<s d.ksZ gksrs-

,dk [ksMîkr esFkfMLV fe'kups ,d miklukeafnj gksrs( ijarqR;kps nkj dkGthiwoZd dqyqi ykowu can dsys gksrs- 'kqHkorZekuçlkjkP;k mRlkgkiksVh vkEgh fdYyh feGfoyh- R;k bekjrhpkmi;ksx dj.;kph ijokuxhgh feGfoyh- loZ /kqGhus ek[kysys ckd

119

LoPN dsys vkf.k vkEgh R;k [ksMîkr vkeP;k d.;kZlg xsyks-[ksMîkckgsj ,dk nqdkukleksj vkEgh vkePks iqyfiV mHks dsys-cso'ksok ;k vesfjdu xk;dkps xhr vkEgh xzkeksQksuoj lq: dsys-rks xk;d uqdrkp baXyaMyk ;sÅu xsyk gksrk- R;kP;kcjkscj ,dr#.k eqyxk gksrk- R;kps uko fcyh xzWge] xhrkP;k njE;ku vkEghmHks jkgwu f[kzLrkojhy foÜokl vkf.k f[kzLr gk rkj.kkjk çHkq vkgs;kcÌy lk{k nsr gksrks- uarj vkeP;kiSdh dkght.k lans'k nsÅykxys- rs ,sd.;klkBh nqdkukrwu yksd ckgsj ;sÅ ykxys- uarjvls >kys dh miklukeafnjkr yksdkaph xnhZ gksÅ ykxyh o lokZaukvkÜp;Z okVys- ,dk eqyhyk o frP;k cgh.khyk f[kzLr lkiMyk oiq<s rh ,d pkaxyh laMsLdwy f'k{khdk >kyh- vkrk R;k miklukeafnjkykdqyqi ykoys tkr uOgrs myV laMsLdwyps vkrk ppZ >kys gksrs-

ikSykus rheF;kyk lkafxrys] ^^opukph ?kks"k.kk dj] lqosGhvosGh r;kj jkgk** ¼2 rheF; 4%2½- tj ikSy vkt lsokdk;Zdjhr vlrk rj R;kus rheF;kyk vls EgVys vlrs] nsokps opulkax.;kph la/kh feGkyh rj rh noMw udks- la/kh feGks ok uk feGksopu lkax] nsokps opu lkax.;klkBh dqBY;k gaxkekph okVc?kko;kph ulrs!** ikSykyk vkt ns[khy dqByk vkSipkfjd 'kkL=kH;kl#pyk ulrk vls eyk okVrs- dkj.k rls d:u feG.kkjs Kkuiq<s ok<r ukgh- R;krwu /kS;Z o çhfrpk fodkl gksr ukgh- rlsvlrs rj ex miklukeafnjkyk dqywi ykxysp ulrs-

nsokP;k opukpk vH;kl dj.;kps o rs eLrdkrwu ân;kdMsus.;kps xqfir rqEgkyk dGys Eg.kts rs opu f;eZ;k Eg.krks rlsrqeP;k gkMkr vXuhçek.ks /kqelsy-

tj 'kkL=opu dsoG rqeP;k eLrdkrp jkfgys rj dnkfpr

lkax.;kpk le;


rqEgh opukpk euq"; Ogky] vkRE;kpk uOgs- rqeP;k gkMkr vXuhd/kh isV.kkjp ukgh! rqEgh fu;ehri.ks tsOgk nsokcjkscj ,df=rle;kr ;srk rsOgk rqEgkyk gGwgGw letsy dh rqEgh vkRE;kpk euq";cufo.;klkBh rqEgkyk çFke opukpk euq"; cu.ks Qkj vko';dvkgs-

gks;] tsOgk vki.k nsokps opu okprks rsOgk rks vkiY;kcjkscjcksyr vlrks- vkf.k rks ts dkgh cksyrks rs vki.k brjkalkscrokVkos v'kh R;kph vis{kk vlrs- ;gTdsykyk nso Eg.kkyk] ^^rwek÷;k rksaMkps opu ,sdwu ek÷;k orhus R;kal lko/k dj** ¼;gTdsy33%7½- ijarq vki.k çFke ,sdY;kf'kok; brjkauk dkgh lkaxw 'kdrukgh- vki.kp çFke R;kP;k opukyk ;ksX; çfrlkn fnyk rj rsbrjkaukgh lkaxrk ;sbZy-

f[kzLrh yksdkae/;sa vusd ^odhy* vkgsr ijarq vls QkjpFkksMs yksd vkgsr dh ts R;kaps f[kzLrk'kh vlysY;k oS;fDrdukrslaca/kkfo"k;h mÙke lk{k nsÅ 'kdrhy-

uarj ;ksgkukus R;kaP;k f[kzLrkcjkscj vlysY;k ftoarlgHkkfxrslaca/kh vfr'k; vkuankus lk{k fnyh- R;kus brjkaukghvkiY;k vis{ksçek.ks R;k vkuankr lgHkkxh gks.;klkBh cksykoys-^^ts vkEgh ikfgys o ,sdys vkgs rs rqEgklgh áklkBh dGforks dhrqEghgh vkeP;k'kh lgHkkxh Ogkos** ¼1 ;ksgku 1%3½-

121


1- eh tsFks dke djrks o T;k eksgY;kr eh jkgrks rhfBdk.ks ek>h oS;fDrd lsokdk;kZph tkxk vkgs dk;\

2- ts yksd ek÷;k Hkksorh vkgsr R;kaps ifjorZu Ogkos;klkBhp eh >Vrks fdaok R;kauk f[kzLrkr uos

thou ykHkkos Eg.kwu çhrhus eh R;kaP;kdfjrkçkFkZukiwoZd iz;Ru djrks\3- f[zkLrklkBh lk{k ns.;klkBh eyk d/kh vf/kdkj

çkIr >kyk o R;klkBh eh dks.kkph O;ogk;Z ekxkZusenr dsyh\

4- ;s'kwfo"k;h /kS;kZus cksy.;kl ek>s rksaM feVys gksrs]dkj.keh thoukcjkscj rMtksM dsyh\ek>s dke /kksD;kr vkys gksrs\xokZeqGs eh vHkkX;kauk enr dj.;kl bPNwd

uOgrks o BksdjysY;k uklksjh ;s'kw'kh tqGrs ?ksÅ'kdr uOgrks\

lkax.;kpk le;

vuar çdk'k

vuar çdk'k] vuar çdk'krsFks vkRek fdrh fo'kq) vlsyrq÷;k 'kks/kd n"Vhiq<s ;srkauk

rks ladkspr ukgh] i.k lkSE; vkuankusrqtik'kh jkghy] rq>s #i U;kgkGr

rq÷;k jktklukHkksorhps vkResaç[kj vk'khokZn gkrh /k:u

R;kaP;klkBhp rs jkf[kys vkgsrR;kauh d/khp ikfgys ukghirhr txkP;k nq"VkbZykrks] ek÷;k lHkksokj vkgs

va/kkj] eu vkgs dksanVysysrks o.kZ.kkrhy ;s.;kvk/khek÷;k ukxMîk vkRE;koj

Vkdhy çdk'k>ksr] rsOgk dk; gksbZy\euq";kkP;k m)kjkpk vkgs ,d ekxZR;k lqanj lnukdMs tk.;klkBhaviZ.k vkf.k ;K 'kkL= iw.kZ

ifo= vkRE;kP;k lkeF;kZus ;qDrnsokiq<s vkgs ,d odhy fl)

;keqGs] ;keqGsp ;srs vkiY;kyk n"Vhojhy ikfo«; U;kgkG.;kph va/kkjkps] vKkukps iq=

vuar çdk'kkr jkgw 'kdrhyvuar çhrhP;k —iseqGs!FkkWel csuh ¼1798&1874½

çdj.k 7

QG vFkok vXuh

ek>k ,d csusV ukokpk fLoMh'k&vesfjdu fe= vkgs- rksvesfjdsr LFkykarjhr >kyk vkgs- rsFks rks ,d ;'kLoh f[kzLrhO;kikjh >kyk vkgs- R;kP;k vusd lsokdk;kZaiSdh ,d Eg.ktsfe'kuÚ;kauk R;kaP;k lsosP;k fBdk.ki;Zar foekulsok iqjfo.ks- ,dnkR;kyk o R;kP;k ,dk fe=kyk vykLdk ;sFks ,d NksVs foeku rsFkhygokbZ deZpkÚ;kaP;k lgHkkfxrslkBh ?ksÅu tk.;kl lkax.;kr vkys-cjkp eksBk çokl dsY;kuarj R;kpk fe= R;kyk QsvjcWdfoekurGkoj lksMwu xsyk o iq<s csusVyk ,dVîkus iq<pk çokldjkok ykxyk-

foeku lqV.;kiwohZ csusVP;k fe=kus foekukr vk;R;k osGslkBhEg.kwu [kk|inkFkkZps ,d ikdhV Bsoys- R;ke/;s pkWdysV gksrh- ,dxje Cy¡dsVgh gksrs- mÏk.kkuarj ,d eksBs oknG lq: >kys-Hk;kud goseqGs rs NksVs foeku gsydkos [kkÅ ykxys- myVs&lqyVsgksÅ ykxys- vykLdkP;k ioZrjkaxkae/;s ,dk dMîkoj rs myVîk

123


voLFksr ?kljr fLFkjkoys- iq<hy rhu fnol lkj[ks cQZ iMrgksrs- ijarq nsokP; —isus cQZ foekukoj lkpwu jkgr uOgrs dkj.kgosP;k ç[kj >ksrkus rs mMfoys tkr gksrs- rjhgh v[ksj rs foekucQkZus vPNknys xsys- gokbZ nykP;k 'kks/kiFkdkus R;k foekukpk 'kks/k ?ks.;kpk [kwi ç;Ru dsyk ijarq rs NksVs foeku dqBs lkiMys ukgh-

uarj ex R;k foekukpk 'kks/k ?ks.ks Fkkacfo.;kr vkys- csusVpk]r#.k gq'kkj eqyxk czql ;kus csusVpk 'kks/k ykxkok Eg.kwu nsokdMsR;kps lgk¸; ekfxrys- bdMs csusV vxnh {kh.k gksr xsyk- txkpko fç;tukapk rks glr fujksi ?ksr vkgsvlk Lor%pk QksVks R;kusLor%p dk<yk- ek= nsokph ;kstuk osxGhp gksrh- czwl vkf.k R;kpsfe= foeku dkslGys R;k ifjljkr vkys rsOgk lw;kZph fdj.ks R;kfoekukP;k pedR;k /kkrwo:u ijkofrZr gksr gksrh vkf.k R;kaukcsusVpk 'kks/k ykxyk-

eh gh dFkk rqEgkyk d'kklkBha lkaxr vkgs\ uarj csusVuseyk lkafxrys dh rks ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k U;k;klukleksj rs dBh.k ngkfnol iMwu gksrk- cQkZus vkPNknysY;k ioZrkP;k dMîkoj rksnsokcjkscj ,dVk gksrk rsOgk ifo= vkRE;kus R;kyk R;kP;k thoukpkvk<kok ?;ko;kl ykoyk( dkj.k R;kyk yodjp nsokP;k ?kjh tkosykx.kkj gksrs- R;kyk okVys dh U;k;klukleksj mHks jkg.;kph osGR;kP;koj vxksnjp vkyh vkgs- R;kpk thouiV R;kP;k MksGîkleksjmHkk jkfgyk rsOgk R;kus çHkqph bekusbrckjs dsysyh lsok R;kykfnlyh vkf.k R;k lsospk vfouk'kh thou feG.;klkBh fdrhlkmi;ksx gksbZy ák fopkjkus rks lnZ >kyk-

125

uarj csusVus eyk vxnh dGoGwu lkafxrys dh R;kus tsdkgh lsokdk;Z dsys] eaMGhP;k lHksauk gtsjh ykoyh] fe'kujhdkSaflyP;k lHkk vkf.k eaMGhlaca/kkrhy vusd dkes R;kus vkuankusdsyh( rh dsoG nsgkus dsyh] R;kP;k cqf)eÙksus dsyh( ijarq ifo=vkRE;kP;k psrko.khus rh R;kus dsyh uOgrh-

R;k ngk fnolkaP;k dBh.k le;kr nsokus csusVyk nk[kowu fnysdh R;kus dsysyh rh ^;ksX;* dkes Eg.kts ykdwM] xor o isa<k v'khvkgsr- ¼ifo= 'kkL=kr vki.k letrks rh ^;ksX;* dkes gh xor]ykdwM] ias<k v'kh vkgsr dkj.k rh vXuhr Vkdyh Eg.kts R;kaph jk[kgksrs-½ v'kk dekZapk lkoZdkfyd thouklkBh dkghp mi;ksx gksrukgh-

csusVP;k thoukrhy gk Hk;kog vuqHko Eg.kts R;kP;klkBhlathoukpk vuqHko gksrk- vkEgh R;kyk vksG[kr gksrks] R;kP;kojçhrh djhr gksrks- nsokP;k dk;kZr R;kus Lor%yk vkuankus >ksdwufnys gksrs- uarj rks vkEgkyk ts dkgh iwohZ Eg.kkyk rs letys(Lor%P;k drZÙokus uOgs rj nsokP;k —isus ifo= vkRE;kP;kpsrko.khus R;kps moZfjr vk;q";kr dk;Z dsys gs R;kP;k ftoarlk{kho:up vkEgkyk fnlwu vkys-

loZ foÜokl.kkÚ;kauk ,ds fno'kh U;k;klukleksj mHks jkgko;kpsvkgs gk fopkj loZ f[kzLrh yksdkauh xaHkhji.ks dsyk ifgts- gsU;k;klu vkf.k ^eksBs ika<js jktklu* ;ke/;s Qjd vkgs- loZvfoÜokl.kkÚ;kapk U;k; ^eksBs&ika<js jktklu* iq<s gksbZy o rsvuardky Dys'k Hkksxrhy- foÜokl.kkÚ;kapk U;k; jktklukleksj

QG vFkok vXuh


gksbZy- foÜoklkus ts dsys uOgrs rs vXuhe/;s tGwu tkbZy- tsfoÜoklkus dsys gksrs rs nsokP;k xkSjoklkBh vuardkG fVdsy dkj.krs dke [kqÌ nsokusp dsys gksrs! R;k fno'kh vusd f[kzLrh yksdkaukdGwu pqdsy dh eaMGhr R;kauh dsysyh dkes] eaMGhe/;s vlysyhR;kaph yksdfç;rk] R;kauk R;keqGs feGkysyk vkuan vkf.k eksBsi.kk ghnsokP;k n`"Vhus 'kwU; vkgsr dkj.k R;ke/;s vkRE;kP;k psrko.khpkiw.kZ vHkko gksrk-

dksjk dkxnek÷;k leksj nksu dksjs dkxn vkgsr- R;koj dkghp fyfgysys

ukgh- dks.kh dkgh fyfgys ukgh fdaok fp=gh R;koj dk<ys ukgh-rqEgh R;k dksÚ;k dkxnkadMs ikfgys Eg.kts R;koj dks.kkps fopkjfyfgys ukghr fdaok dks.kh fp=gh dk<ysys ukgh vls fnlsy- rlspR;k dksÚ;k dkxnkoj dks.kh pwd dsY;kpsgh vk<G.kkj ukgh! R;kdksÚ;k dkxnkoj lqanj vls dkgh ukgh vkf.k dlyk Mkxgh ukgh-rs dsoG dksjs dkxn vkgsr] cLl! R;koj dkghp ukgh-

rqeps vkf.k ek>s thou vlsp dksÚ;k dkxnkçek.ksp >kysvlrs- d/khrjh dsysY;k ikrdkaeqGs R;koj Mkx iMys gksrs ijarq;s'kwP;k çk;f'pÙkkP;k jDrkeqGs vkf.k nsokP;k n;seqGs rs Mkx /kqrysxsys- thoukP;k iqLrdkrhy çR;sd MkxkGysys iku vkrk nsokP;—iseqGs LoPN >kys vkgs- vkrk rh ikus cQkZlkj[kh 'kqHkz >kyhvkgsr ¼;'k;k 1%18½- ,d f[kzLrh Eg.kwu eh tsOgk ek÷;k xrthoukrhyikus pkGrks rsOgk eyk fnlrs dh eh dGr udGr dsysY;k

127

ikrdkaeqGs ifo= vkRE;kyk fdrh f[k™k dsys- tj ;s'kwP;k jDrkus rhikus 'kqHkz >kyh ulrh rj rh v'khp MkxkGysyh jkfgyh vlrh-nsokus [kjsp ek÷;koj fdrh —ik dsyh vkgs] eh ;k thoukrhyikikauh MkxkGysyh rh ikus nsokus /kqÅu rh cQkZlkj[kh ika<jh 'kqHkzdsyh vkgsr- dksjh] 'kqHkz ikus! gkysyq;k! ,dgh Mkx ulysyh dksjhikus!

vFkkZr ,d xaHkhj fopkj ek÷;k eukr vkgs- ifo= vkRE;kusts ek÷;k}kjs dsys ukgh rs ek÷;k vfouk'kh thouklkBh tesl /kjrk ;sr ukgh- thoukrhy v'kk fnolkaps o.kZu lar ikSykP;k'kCnkr djrk ;sbZy- ^t.kw dk; vXuhrwu ckgsj iMysY;klkj[kkr kjy k tkb Zy *¼1 dfjaFk 3%15½- tsOgk ifo= vkRek ek÷;k thoukrwu HkjHk:uokgr ulsy vkf.k ek÷;k xrikrdkaph {kek ek÷;k çHkqus eyk dsyhvlsy rj ek÷;k vfouk'kh thouklkBh eh dkghp dsysys ukgh-dsoG dksjs iku! cLl ckdh dkghp ukgh!

thoukrhy dkgh ikus lnSo dksjh jkgrhy- rj dkgh ikukaojlqanj fp=s vlrhy dh th ikus f[kzLrkP;k t[keh gkrkauh eksBîkçsekus jaxoysyh vlrhy- rh ikus Eg.kts nsokps lnSo xkSjo vkgsr-gh lqanj lfp= ikus Eg.kts foÜokl.kkÚ;kaP;k thoukr nsokps fuOkMysysik= Eg.kwu nsokus R;kaP;kdjoh d:u ?ksrysyh fpjdky fVd.kkjh dkesgks;- gks;] dksjh ikus! i.k R;kaoj dkghrjh egRokps vkgs! gkysyq;k!

QG vFkok vXuh


ok;QG o"ksZT;kauk nso jkst ^;k o etcjkscj tsok* vls vkea=.k nsrks

rsp yksd vkiY;k vk;q";kph vusd o"ksZ O;FkZ ?kkyor vlrkr ghnq%[kkph ckc vkgs- nsokcjkscj vkuannk;d lgHkkfxrk Hkksx.;k,sothvkf.k rkj.kkÚ;kyk larks"kfo.;k,soth rs vkiY;k vk;q";kph o"ksZ ok;k?kkyokrkr-

,dk o;Ldj x`gLFkkP;k vkBo.khus ek>k tho xycyrks-thoukrhy vusd lqla/kh xekoY;k o eh rkj.kkyk vkrk eqdyks]thoukrhy lxGh lq[ks eh Hkksxyh i.k rkj.k xekoys v'kh R;kphfLFkrh gksrh- ek÷;k ifjorZukuarj eh o ek>s dkgh fe= ,dknok[kkU;kr vktkÚ;kalkBh çkFkZuk djko;kl xsyks- nj 'kfuokjhvkEgh rsFks tkÅu lqokrkZ lkaxr gksrks- rsFks dkgh o;Ldj :X.kgksrs- R;kauk nok[kkU;krwu cjs gksÅu tk.;kph vk'kk uOgrh- ,dk'kfuokjh eh v'kkp ,dk o;Ldj :X.kkP;k [kkVstoG xsyks- R;kphvoLFkk xaHkhj gksrh o iq<P;k 'kfuokjh vkeph iqUgk HksV gks.kkjukgh] rks ejsy vls eyk okVys-

ifo='kkL=ke/khy opuka}kjs fnysyk lans'k R;kus ,sdyk o rksxycyyk- R;kP;k MksGîkrwu vJw vks?kGys- vM[kGr rks Eg.kkyk]^^eyk ekghr vkgs] ek>s rkj.k >kys o eh LoxkZr tkbZu-** ehEg.kkyks] ^fdrh Nku!** eh iq<s dkgh cksy.;kP;k vkrp rks gqandsnsÅ ykxyk- vkarfjd osnuk R;kyk tk.kow ykxY;k- [kksy vkoktkrrks dqpcqtyk] ^^ek>s o; vkrk ,DdkgÙkj o"kkZaps vkgs vkf.kthoukrhy lRrj o"ksZ eh ok;k ?kkyfoyh-**

129

uohup ifjorZu >kysyk eh dk; Eg.k.kkj\ eh R;kps dlslkaRou dsys gs eyk vkrk vkBor ukgh( i.k eyk [kk=hus vkBorsdh R;k jk=h eh ek÷;k ?kjh xsyks] xqM?ks Vsdys o çkFkZuk dsyh% çHkweh lq)k dkgh dkGkuarjpk ek>k Hkfo";dkG ek÷;k vktoj mHkkvlysyk ikg.kkj vkgs- tsOgk eh LoxkZr ;s.;kph osG gksbZy rsOgkrkjysyk vkRek i.k gjoysys thou ?ksÅu eyk ;ko;kps ukgh- ehek>s thou iqUgk ;k jk=h rqyk nsrks- vfouk'hk thoukçr rwa eykus Eg.kwu eh çkFkZuk djrks-**

tqU;k djkjkr gcDdwdus vkiY;kyk b'kkjk fnyk dh vki.k,[kknh xks"V dj.;klkBh Jekaph ijkdk"Bk djrks i.k uarjvkiY;k y{kkr ;srs dh vkiY;k gkrh dkghp ykxys ukgh- R;kusyksdkauk EgVys] ^/kkfeZd rj vkiY;k foÜoklkus okpsy** ¼gcDdwd2%4½- R;kus vk.k[kh vls EgVys dh nsokoj iw.kZi.ks folacwujkg.;klaca/kh ts foÜokl /kjr ukghr vls yksd R;kP;k thoukrhydkes Eg.kts ^vXuhyk Hk{; gksrkr* ¼gcDdwd 2%13½- dkj.k R;kyksdkauh nsokoj vftckr voyacwu u jkgrk 'kgj oloys gksrs]vkf.k ex lxGîk 'kgjkph tGwu jk[kjkaxksGh >kyh- rlsp tjvki.k çHkq ;s'kwoj voyacwu u jkgrk dkgh dsys rj vki.k nsokP;kHkLe dj.kkÚ;k vXuhr tGwu jk[k gksÅ-

uO;k djkjkr uarj ikSykusgh v'khp rkdhn fnyh vkgs-^^;k ik;koj ¼çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr½ dks.kh lksus] #is] eksyoku

ik"kk.k] ykdwM] xor] isa<k ákauh cka/krks- rj cka/k.kkÚ;k çR;sdkpsdke m?kM gksbZy] rks fnol rs m?kMdhl vk.khy dkj.k rks

QG vFkok vXuh


vXuhlg çdV gksbZy vkf.k çR;sdkps dke dls vkgs ákph ijh{kkák vXuhusp gksbZy- T;k dks.kkps R;k ik;koj cka/kysys dke fVdsyR;kyk etwjh feGsy] T;k dks.kkps dke tGwu tkbZy R;kpk rksVkgksbZy] rFkkfi rks Lor% rkjyk tkbZy ijarq t.kw dk; vXuhrwuckgsj iMysY;klkj[kk rkjyk tkbZy** ¼1 dfjaFk 3%12&15½-

R;k nok[kkU;krhy R;k ,dgkRrj o"kkZaP;k o`)kyk R;kP;krkj.kkcÌy vkuan okVyk i.k rks vXuhrwu ckgsj iMysY;klkj[kkrkjyk xsyk ;kcÌy R;kyk okbZVgh okVys- R;kP;k thoukrhy xor]ykdwM] isa<k R;k vXuheqGs tlk tGwu ykrks rlsp lksus] #ismtGwu fu?krs( vkf.k R;k}kjs ifo= vkRek nsokps vfouk'kh ?kj cka/kr vlrks-

vuar çdk'kth f[kzLrh O;Drh f[kzLrkr txr vlrs] foÜoklkr ok<r tkrs

o nsokP;k bPNsçek.ks okxrs v'kk O;Drh}kjs nso R;kps lkoZdkfyddk;Z djhr vlrks- vls yksd vkiyk çR;sd fnol vkuankus O;rhrdjrkr o lk{k nsrkr] ^^Eg.kwu u gkyfork ;s.kkjs jkT; vkiY;kykvlY;k dkj.kkus vki.k midkj ekuw] rs.ksd:.k nsokyk larks"kdkjdgksbZy v'kh R;kph lsok] vknj o Hk; /k#u d:a* ¼bczh 12%28½-vkiyk ,df=r le; ifj.kkedkjd vlsy rj vkiY;kyk vkRE;kP;kçsj.ksus pky.;kl mÙkstu feGsy- vki.k nsgkP;k rkdnhojp tx.kkjukgh-

131

nsokP;k loZlk{kh çdk'kke/;s T;kauh nsokph ik=s Eg.kwu ftoarnsokph lsok dsyh rs ,d fnol [kwi vkuan dj.kkj vkgsr- vki.kR;kP;k estokuhP;k estkik'kh fnolsa fnol uthd ;sr vkgksrvkf.k çdk'kkpk o fçrhpk nso vkiY;kyk ikjn'khZ lgHkkfxrslkBhcksykor vkgs- ;kçdkjs vki.k R;kP;k çdk'kkps o fçrhps ek/;e;k v/akkÚ;k vkf.k LokFkhZ txklkBh gks.kkj vkgksr-


1- eh vkt vkgs rlkp txw ykxyks rjf[kzLrkP;k U;k;klukleksj ek÷;k thoukrdkgh QG vk<Gsy dk;\

2- eh çkFkZuk djrks rsOgk vuar çdk'kv'kk nsokleksj ;srks dka fdaok rks ek>kLoxhZ; lgk¸;d vkgs vls eyk okVrs\

3- nkohnkph çkFkZuk Eg.k.ks eyk vkrk xjtspsvkgs] ^rq÷;k opukçek.ks eyk uothouns*\ ¼Lrks= 119%25½

QG vFkok vXuh

gs fç; çHkq] ek÷;klkBh rw eksMthoukph Hkkdj

leqækP;k frjkoj çHkq rw v'khpeksMyh gksrh Hkkdj

ifo= ikukiyhdMs çHkqeh rqyk 'kks/krks

ek>k tho rq÷;klkBh O;kdqGykvkgs js ftoar 'kCnk

rwp vkgsl thouh Hkkdjek÷;klkBh js çHkq

rq>s fnO; opu lR; vkgsek÷;k rkj.kklkBhrq÷;kcjkscj tsÅ ns

jkgw ns eyk LoxkZe/;srq÷;k lR;koj çse d: nsdkj.k rwp çhfr vkgslvkrk rq>k vkRek çHkqek÷;klkBh ikBowu nsLi'kZ djhy rks us=kauk

vkf.k ex n"Vh ;sbZy eykrq÷;k opukr nMysys lR;

fnlw ns ek÷;k us=kaukrq÷;k opukarwu çdVrkauk

fnlrksl çHkw rwa eyk

esjh vWu yWFkcjh

çdj.k 8

;k vkf.k tsok

xkyhy leqækP;k fdukÚ;koj okGwe/;s nsokpk iqu#fRFkr iq=mHkk gksrk- dks.kkpsgh y{k R;kP;kdMs uOgrs- rks ,dVkp mHkk gksrk-FkdY;k&HkkxysY;k f'k";kauk ldkGP;k /kqD;keqGs dnkfpr rks fnlykulsy- dnkfpr ;s'kw f[kzLrkP;k R;k Øwj o/kLraHkkojhy ej.kkeqGsR;kaps vkfRed us= can >kys vlkosr-

fdukÚ;kP;k toGiklp rs f'k"; ,dk NksVîk ukosr clwuekls idM.;kph /kMiM djhr gksrs- jk=Hkj R;kapk rks [kVkVksipkyw gksrk- rjh R;kaP;k tkGîkr ,dgh eklk lkiMyk uOgrk-R;kaP;k t[kesoj ehB pksG.;klkBh dks.kh rjh fopkjys &^eqykauksrqEgkatoG [kko;klkBh dkgh vkgs dk;\* ex nwjoj vlysY;k R;kO;DrhP;k eq[kkrwu vkKk >kyh &^ukosP;k mtO;k cktwyk tkGsVkdk Eg.kts rqEgkyk ekls lkiMrhy-*

raæhrwu tkxk gksr ;ksgkukus rks vkokt vksG[kyk vkf.k rks

133


vksjMykp &^gk çHkq vkgs!* f'k";kaph vk'kk iYyohr >kyh-R;kauh R;kP;k vkKsçek.ks tkGs Vkdys vkf.k vkÜp;Z Eg.kts rstkGs ek'kkauh xPp Hkjys- is=kus mRlkgkP;k Hkjkr ik.;kr mMhVkdyh vkf.k iksgr iksgr rks R;kP;k xq#thdMs xsyk ¼;ksgku21%11½-

leqæ fdukÚ;koj xkSjokpk Lokeh ;s'kw f[kzLr ;kusp vXuhisVfoyk- lxGs f'k"; Hkksorkyh teY;koj ;s'kwus ekls ?ksrys rs Hkktyso Hkkstu r;kj dsys- R;k FkdysY;k vkf.k HkqdstysY;k f'k";kauk exR;kus çsekus cksykoys & ^;k vkf.k tsok* ¼;ksgku 21%12½-

xsyh nksu gtkj o"kZ vls vkea=.k fnys tkr vkgs-vuardkykP;k fdukÚ;koj ;s'kw mHkk vkgs vkf.k jkst jkst rksvkiY;kyk cksyfor vkgs- R;kus Lor% r;kj dsysY;k LoxhZ;HkkstuklkBh rks vkiY;kyk cksyfor vkgs- ;s'kw f[kzLr Eg.kts [kqÌnsop] R;kusp vkeP;klkBh jkstps v™k vfr'k; dkGthiwoZd r;kjdsys vkgs- rs vkeP;k foÜoklkdfjrk v™k vkgs- rs v™k Eg.ktsnsokps opu] ifo= 'kkL=-

dkgh {k.kkrp eh rqEgkyk ^ek>k ,df=r le;kar* ;sÅunsokps opu ,sd.;klkBh cksykohu- rqeP;k xq#P;k fuea=.kkçek.ks^;k o tsok* eh rqEgkyk ,df=r le;krhy vR;ar eksyokuçkFkZuslkBh cksykorks dkj.k R;keqGs rqEgkyk [kwi mÙkstu feGsy-nksu osxosxGîk ekxkZauh eh gk ,df=r le;* rqEgklaxrh ?kkyokokvls eyk Li"V fnlys vkgs-çFke %çFke %çFke %çFke %çFke % ek÷;k ,dk fe=kus ;k iqLrdkrhy çdj.ks okpyh vkf.k

135

iqLrdklkBh ,d rkRi;Z Eg.kwu eh gs djkos vls R;kus vkxzgkuseyk lkafxrys-nqljs %nqljs %nqljs %nqljs %nqljs % ekxhy o"kkZae/;s okjaokj eyk nsokus la/kh fnyh o nsokusyksdkauk vxnh fof'k"V ekxkZus dls vk'khokZfnr dsys ;kcÌy nsokuslk{k ns.;kph eyk la/kh fnyh- R;k yksdkauk eh vusdnk ek÷;klg,df=r le;kr vk.kys gksrs-

v'kk çlaxh gtj vlysY;kiSdh dks.kh rjh lgHkkxh gksrvls- dks.kh dkgh çÜu u fopkjrk 'kkari.ks çkFkZuk ek= djko;kph]dlyk lans'kgh |ko;kpk ukgh- vkEgh vkeph lgHkkfxrk çkFkZususlq: djhr vlw- ;klkBh dh ifo= vkREkkp vkepk ekxZn'kZd xq:vlkok- ex vkEgh ,df=r ,[kknk fuoMysyk 'kkL=Hkkx eksBîkusokpr vlw- ex iqUgk vkEgh R;k 'kkL=HkkxkdMs oGwu R;krhyifgys opu eksBîkus ,d= Eg.kr vlw- nqlÚ;kdMs oG.;kiwohZvkEgh rhl lsdan 'kkarrsr ?kkyor vlw- R;k 'kkar {k.kke/;s çR;sdt.k R;k opukoj euu djhr vls- ex R;k çdj.kkP;k 'ksoVhfnysY;k çÜukaph mÙkjs vkEgh R;k opukr 'kks/kr vlw- R;kuarj exçR;sdt.k rs opu ifo= vkRE;kus R;kP;k fdaok frP;k ân;kykdls ykxw dsys gs lokZauk lkaxr vls- ex vkEgh R;k lanHkkZrçkFkZuk djhr vlw- fo'ks"kr% T;kus ;klac/akh vkiys fopkj ekaMysrh O;Drh çkeq[;kus çkFkZuk djhr vls fdaok eaMGhrhy nqljhO;Drh çkFkZuk djhr vls-

ek÷;k ers ^,df=r le;* vxnh mi;qDr gks.;kpk gkpkaxyk ekxZ vkgs- ;kosGh] eh ts yksd ák iqLrdkpk xVkus vH;kl

;k vkf.k tsok


djhr vkgsr- R;kauk lkaxsy dh R;kauh brj dks.kR;k lHkkaauktk.;kis{kk ;k iqLrdkrhy lwpuk veykr vk.kkO;kr ¼;k laca/khifjf'k"V v e/;s dkgh çÜu fnys vkgsr½-

lokZauh feGwu ,df=r le;kps ra= çFke eyk LoxZoklhFkkWel ch jhl ;kauh nk[kowu fnys- rs fczVh'k lqorkkZ çlkjd gksrs-gs ra= R;kauh ;ax fiiYl gkWyhMs dkWUQjUl lsaVj ;sFks okijys gksrso rsFksp eh f[kzLrkdMs oGyks gksrks & FkkWel ;kauh ts osxosxGs ç'ufopkjys rsp eh ^,df=r le;* ;k çdj.kkr uewn dsys vkgsr-

xsyh vusd o"ksZ eh v'kk lHkk ?ksrY;k R;kosGh nsokphmifLFkrh vkf.k ifo= vkRek yksdkaP;k ân;k'kh cksyr vkgs ;kpheyk çd"kkZus tk.kho >kyh- v'khp ,d lHkk eh cWfIVLV ppZ]dWuMk ;sFks ?ksryh rsOgk ,d ikGd eyk Eg.kkys] ^gh HkDrh vxnhvk'khokZfnr v'kh >kyh vkf.k ek÷;k laiw.kZ ikGdh; lsosr v'khHkDrh eh d/khp vuqHkoyh ukgh-*

v'kkpçdkjs eh vusd osGk vjch yksdkalkBh tqU;k ;#'kyse'kgjke/;s iq"dG lHkk ?ksrY;k- R;kosGh dWusfM;u ck;cy dkWystpsçkpk;Z Eg.kkys] ^;kiwohZ vkEgkyk ;#'kyse/;s ,o<k vkfRed ykHkd/khp feGkyk uOgrk-**

eaMGhP;k lHksr] dkSVqachd lgHkkfxrsr] ifo='kkL=kH;klkar]vkf.k r#.kkaP;k lHksr nsokus ;k lokZauk fo'ks"k vk'khokZn fnyk-lokZauh oS;fDrdfjR;k nsokP;k opukapk Lohdkj dsyk-

eh ,df=r le;* gs çdj.k fyghr vlrkauk eyk letysdh R;krhy lR; xol.ks gs [kjsp vo?kM vkgs- R;ke/khy rst

137

vkf.k ek>h oS;fDrd lgHkkfxrk v'kh 'kCnc) dj.;kis{kk frpkoS;fDrdfjR;k vuqHko ?ks.ks gs fdrhrjh tkLr vkuannk;d vlrs-

eh tsOgk ^ek÷;k* ,df=r le;kr* ;srks rsOgk R;klaca/khpsdkgh lk/ks fu;e eh rqeP;kleksj Bsor vkgs-

ifgys % ifgys % ifgys % ifgys % ifgys % eh ek÷;k vkoMhpk 'kkL=Hkkx fdaok usgehokpyk tk.kkjk 'kkL=Hkkx fuoMr ukgh! ek÷;k jkstP;k ^,df=rle;klkBh* eh ikSykps djhaFkdjkl i= gk 'kkL=Hkkx okprks-

nqljs %nqljs %nqljs %nqljs %nqljs % vkt okpysY;k 'kkL=HkkxkP;k çR;sd opukcjgwdqeLi"Vhdj.k djhr ukgh-

frljs% frljs% frljs% frljs% frljs% ek>k ,df=r le;* gk vxnh uSlfxZd djko;kpkvkgs- ;k opukalaca/kh ifo= vkRE;kus eyk tks cks/k dsyk rks ehrqeP;kiq<s ekaM.kkj vkgs-

pkSFks% pkSFks% pkSFks% pkSFks% pkSFks% nsokP;k opukaoj eh çkFkZukiwoZd euu dsys rsOgknso eyk dk; Eg.kkyk gs eh rqEgkyk lkax.kkj vkgs- R;klkBh dkghvk/kh fnysY;k ç'ukapk eh vk/kkj ?ks.kkj vkgs-

eh ek>s euu rqEgkyk lkaxrkauk] rqEgkyk ,df=r le;* gkvxnh oS;fDrd vuqHko vlrks gs çd"kkZus tk.kosy- vkt rqEghT;k ifjfLFkrhr vkgkr rh ek÷;kis{kk fHk™k vkgs gs eyk ekghrvkgs- rlsp lgk eghU;kuarj ehgh osxGîkp ifjfLFkrhr vlsu;kphgh eyk tk.kho vkgs- nso R;kP;k vkiY;kojhy izhrhLrovki.k T;k ifjfLFkrhr vlrks R;k ifjfLFkrhr rks vkiY;kyk HksVrvlrks- vki.k tls vlw rls rks vkiY;kyk HksVrks- rs brjdks.kkP;k ifjfLFkrhoj fdaok fBdk.kkoj voyacwu ulrs- rqEgh

;k vkf.k tsok


iq<hy uksanh okpY;k Eg.kts ek÷;kis{kk rqEgh osXkGîk okrkoj.kkrvkgkr vls rqEgkyk okVsy- dkj.k rqeP;k xjtsuqlkj nsorqeP;kcjkscj cksysy- çHkqcjkscj jkg.;kl o tso.;kl rksp rqEgkykjkst fuea=.k nsrks-

nsokps opu gs dsoG ftoar vkf.k lkeF;Zoku vkgs ,o<spukgh rj rs vkeP;k ân;klkBh R;kps Lor%ps oS;fDrd opuvkgs! ^dkj.k nsokps opu ltho] lØh; vlwu----eukarhyfopkj o gsrq ákaps ijh{kd vkgs* ¼bczh- 4%12½- ákis{kk vf/kdoS;fDrd rs dk; vlw 'kdrs\

vktP;k ek÷;k euuklkBh dfjaFkdjkl 2 js i= ;kpkifgyk v/;k; ifo= 'kkL=krwu eh fuoMyk vkgsek÷;kcjkscjrqEghgh rqeps ifo='kkL= m?kMk-

vkrk igkVsps 5%00 oktys vkgsr & eh ek÷;k[kksyhpk njoktk can dsyk vkgs vkf.k nsokcjkscjeh ,dkarkr vlwu ifo= 'kkL= m?kMys vkgs-

eh ek>s ân; nsokleksj m?kMs d:u vkyks vkgs vkf.k ehl/;k T;k ifjfLFkrhr vkgs rh lk/kkj.k v'kh vkgs-

• MkWjFkh ts nq%[k o osnuk l/;k lgu djhr vkgs R;klac/akh eh dkGthr vkgs- xsY;k vkBoMîkiklwu frps nq[k.ks vf/kd ok<ysvkgs-

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139

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• vkt dsfu;krhy ifjfLFkrhcÌy ek÷;k eukoj çpaM rk.kvkgs- iwohZ nsokus vkeP;k rsFkhy dk;kZaoj vk'khokZn ikBfoyk gksrk-l/;k rsFkhy ifjfLFkrh vR;ar vfLFkj vkgs- egkxkbZ Hk;adjok<yh vkgs- rsFks f[kzLrkph lsok dj.kkÚ;k lsodklkBh vkEgkykvf/kd dkgh dsys ikfgts-

• ek÷;k vkf.k MkWjFkhP;k dqVqackrhy dkght.k vdkyh ej.kikoys vkf.k dkght.k Hk;adj vktkjkeqGs e`R;wa'kh >qat nsr vkgsr-vkeP;k fDy"V o vdfYir dkekP;k Lo#ikeqGs vkf.k MkWjFkhP;kçnh?kZ vktkjkeqGs o v'kDr ç—rheqGs R;k dqVqafc;kauk vkEghR;kaP;koj fdrh çse djrks gs —rhus vkEgkyk nk[ko.ks 'kD; ukgh-

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gs ckik] rw eyk vkt Qkj yodj tkx ;sÅ fnyh Eg.kwu ehrq>h Lrqrh djrks- rwa ek÷;k ân;k'kh cksykos ,d<hp rq>hbPNk ukgh rj tsOgk eh lgHkkfxrsr ;s.kkÚ;k yksdkauk rq÷;kopuklaca/kh ts lkaxsu R;keqGs R;kauk vk'khokZn feGkok gh rq>hbPNk vkgs vlk ek>k foÜokl vkgs-fç; çHkq] tsOgk yksd gs lxGs okprhy o ek÷;k eukrhy

;k vkf.k tsok


fopkj R;kauk dGrhy rsOgk ek>s eu dsoG rq÷;kcÌyptkx`r Bso- Eg.kwu eh rqyk dGdGhus fouforks dh ek>sân; ifo= vkRE;kus Hkj] ek>s eu o ys[k.kh ikjn'khZ Bso-rq÷;k'kh eh vxnh [kjsi.kk nk[kokok vls —ik d:u dj-eh iqUgk dcwy djrks dh ek>s thou f[kzLrkcjkscj nsoke/;s xqIr vkgs- ;k lqanj vfHkopukcÌy eh rq>k vkHkkjhvkgs- eh gs ts fy[kk.k ek÷;k gkrkus ;sFks i`Fohoj djhrvkgs rjh rs ek÷;k oS;fDrd n`"Vhus dcqfyr dj.;kph'kD;rk eyk tk.kors- Eg.kwugh çHkq eh rq>h Lrqrh djrks-dkj.k gs çHkq rwp LoxkZrhy ek>k çeq[k ;ktd vkgslvkf.k ek>h çkFkZuk vkf.k Lrqrh rwp fiR;kdMs lknj dj.kkjvkgsl dkj.k rwap loZK vkgsl- Eg.kwu çHkq eksBîk vk'ksuseh rq÷;k opukdMs ;srks vkgs- vkt çHkqth rwa ek>s us=m?kM Eg.kts rq÷;k 'kkL=krhy vn~Hkqr xks"Vh ek÷;k n`"VhliMrhy-fç; okpd] vkt eh dfjaFkdjkal 2 js i= ;kpk ifgyk

v/;k; eksBîkus okp.kkj vkgs- eh v/;k; Li"V vkoktkr uvM[kGrk okp.kkj vkgs- rqEgh rlsp ek÷;kçek.ks djk-

;k v/;k;kps dkgh {k.kkiwohZ okpu dsY;koj eyk lar ikSy gk,d vkn'kZ f[kzLrh vkgs gs tk.koys- eyk vkt v'kh [kk=h okVrsdh nso ek÷;k ç'ukaps vkt eyk mÙkj nsbZy- ;k opuke/;svuqdj.k djkos vls dks.krs mnkgj.k vkgs\

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141

lsod Ogkos vls eyk okVrs- çR;sd opukaoj euu dj.;kiwohZ ehçHkqyk rls lkaxsu-

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukfç; çHkq ;s'kw] ek÷;k thourkhy lsos}kjs ikSyk çek.ksp dk;Zçrhr Ogkos v'kh ek>h çkekf.kd bPNk vkgs- vusdekxkZauh rw ek÷;k thoukr vk'khokZnkph o`"Vh dsyh vkgsl-ijarq eh rqyk ;ksX; rks çfrlkn fnyk ukgh ;kcÌy eyknq%[k okVrs- rq÷;k lgHkkfxrsdfjrk ek>s ân; [kwi mRlqdvlrs ijarq rq>h lgHkkfxrk brjka'kh okVwu ?ks.;kph la/kh rwansrksl( rsOgk ek= eh fHk=k curks o nwj jkgrks- vkrk ehiqUgk ;k opukaoj euu djhr vlrkauk] rq>h le{krkeyk ykHkw ns] rq>s lkeF;Z eyk ykHkw ns- ek÷;ke/;s rq÷;kLi'kkZus uohu thou fuekZ.k dj R;keqGs ek>h LokFkhZ o`Ùkhdk;eph ukgh'kh gksÅ ns vkf.k rq÷;k ukeklkBhp eh txkosvls dj-vkrk eh iqUgk R;k v/;k;kdMs oGrks vkf.k çR;sd opu

fopkjiwoZd okprks- gs okpr vlrkauk ifo= vkRE;kus eyk lksMwu;s Eg.kwu eh lrr çkFkZuk djr jkgrks o nsokyk R;k opukarwueyk dks.krk lans'k |ko;kpk vkgs ;kdMs /;ku nsrks- v'kkçdkjsnsokcjkscj ek>s nqgsjh ukrs çLFkkfir gksrs- rks etcjkscj cksyrkss vkf.keh R;kP;kcjkscj- çR;sd opukoj euu djrkauk eh Lor%yk ctkorvlrks dh ts opu eyk vxksnjp BkÅd vkgs R;kdMs eh nqyZ{kdjrk dkek u;s- dnkfpr rsp opu vkt nso ek÷;k ân;kr ltho

;k vkf.k tsok


djhy o R;krwu eyk uoh n"Vh çkIr gksbZy Eg.kwu eh fopkjrks- ;k'kkóHkkxkr nso tks firk ;klaca/kh dkgh uok fopkj ekaMyk vkgs dk;\

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opu opu opu opu opu 33333 % % % % % d#.kkdj firk o lkaRounkrk nsovkt opu okpr vlrkauk ek÷;k y{kkr vkys dh nqlÚ;k

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çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukgs fiR;k] eh rq>h Lrqrh djrks- vkHkkj ekurks o rqtiq<s

ureLrd gksrks- rq÷;k ^—iscÌy* eh rq>s vkHkkj ekurks- rq>h^v{k; 'kkarh rwa ek÷;k ân;kr Bsoyh vkgsl- rq÷;k —is}kjs rq÷;ke/;s dk;e cl.kkjh 'kkarh] LFkS;Z] ,SD; vkt rwp eyk fnys vkgs-gkysyq;k! rq÷;k ifo= vkRE;kus ek÷;k ân;kr dk;Z gksÅ ns vls ehrqyk fouforks- rq÷;k ifo= le{krsr eh ureLrd gksrks- rw ek>sân; iw.kZ 'kkarhus Hk:u Vkd v'kh eh rqyk çkfFkZrks-

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143

lkaRoukus vkEgh ts dks.kh dks.kR;kgh ladVkr vkgs R;kaps lkaRoudjko;kl leFkZ Ogkos-*

ikSykP;k ;k lk{khoj eh tsOgk euu djrks rsOgk ts lkaRouR;kyk R;kP;k LoxkZrhy fiR;kdMwu feGkys R;k 'kCnklkscr brjdks.krs 'kCn R;kus ;k lanHkkZr okijys rs eh ikgrks- rs 'kCn vkgsr% ladV] ladVkr vlysys] nq%[k] e`R;qn.M- ifo= vkRek eykn'kZforks dh ^lkaRou* ;k 'kCnkiklwu gs 'kCn Qkjp fHk™k vkgsr-

eh iq<s okprks rls ek÷;k y{kkr ;srs dh nso vkiY;kojikBfor vlysY;k ladVkekxs nsokpk ,d fof'k"V gsrq ikSykP;k lk{khrfnlrks- rks Eg.ktss % vki.k Lor%ojp folacwu jkgw u;s rj esysY;kaukftoar dj.kkÚ;k nsokojp folacwu jkgkos- 4 Fks opu okprkauk ek÷;ky{kkr ;srs dh ikSykpsp lkaRou iko.ks egRokps ulwu R;kus brjkapslkaRou djko;kps vkgs ;kdfjrk eyk çkFkZuk dsyhp ikfgts!

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukgs çHkq rqyk gs iw.kZ BkÅd vkgs ek÷;k thoukr vls çlaxvkys dh tsOgk eh çkekf.kd i.ks nq%f[krkaps lkaRou dsysvkgs- MkWjFkh frP;k 'kkjhfjd vLokLFkkeqGsa nq%[kh vlrkaukeh frps lkaRou djhr vlrks- rq÷;kiklwu feG.kkjs lkaRoueh fryk nsrks-iq"dG osGk eh frP;kdMwu cjsp dkgh ?ksrys vkgs i.k frykek= eh Dofpr rq>s lkaRou o 'kkarh ns.;kpk ç;Ru dsykvkgs- ek÷;k LokFkhZi.kkph rwa eyk {kek dj- lsok ?ks.;kis{kklsok dj.;kP;k o`Ùkhus rw ek>s ân; Hkj-

;k vkf.k tsok


vusd nq%[kh yksdkapk eh fopkj djrks- rs vfr'k; ,dkdho nq%[kh voLFksr vkgsr- Hkwd] vktkj vkf.k e`R;q ;keqGsR;kaps thou vxnh m/oLr >kys vkgs- çHkq eh rqyk fouarhdjrks dh ek÷;k ân;kr rw 'kkarh Hkj vkf.k R;keqGs rq>hle{krk ek÷;k thoukrwu fnlsy vkf.k nq%f[krkaps nq%[k eykgyds djrk ;sbZy-eh gh çkFkZuk djhr vlrkauk eyk tk.kors dh thoukrhynq%[kkaps lkaRou rq÷;ktoG vkgs] ex rs nq%[k fdrhgh dBh.kvlw nsrs nq%[k rq÷;k d#.kkdj ân;keqGsp ;srs ;klkBh dheh ek÷;koj uOgs rj rq÷;koj folacwu jkgkos-vkrk ;k {k.kh nsokps opu ek÷;k ân;kr leFkZi.ks ?kqlys

vkgs- ikSykyk lq)k R;kP;k lsokdk;kZr vusd ladVkauk rksaM |kosykxys gs eyk letrs dkj.k R;kus Lor%ojp voyacwu jgw u;s-ex nso tj R;kP;k çsek[kkrj ek÷;ke/khy xfoZ"Bi.kkfo#) ek÷;kthoukr dBh.k çlax vk.khr vlsy rj eh dk dqjdqj djkoh\

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukgs çHkq rq÷;k çsekP;k lsokdk;kZcÌy o ek÷;k thoukcÌyeh rq>s vkHkkj ekurks- brj yksdkauh gh çkFkZuk okpkoh orh eh fygkoh gs vo?kM vkgs- ikSykus R;kP;k Hk;adjladVkr ikjn’khZi.kk nk[kfoy rs ikgwu eyk mÙkstu feGrs-R;kus R;kP;k thoukrhy pkaxY;k xks"Vhp uewn dsY;k ukghr-rq>h lsok djhr vlrkauk tsOgk eyk eh vxnh ,dkdhvlY;kps tk.koys R;kcÌy] ek÷;klaca/kh yksdkauh xSjlet

145

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vkgs* ;k ldkGh eh opu nsrks dh çHkq rqp ek>s lkeF;Z vkgsl-gs çHkq vkrk ts 'kkL=opu vkt ek÷;kleksj vkgs R;kcÌy ehrq>h Lrqrh djrks & rw eyk lksMfoys vkgs] rw eyk lksMforkslvkf.k rwp iq<sgh eyk lksMo'khy & ek÷;kiklwu! v'kk loksZRrerkj.kkcÌy eh rq>s vkHkkj ekurks!

vkrk gs çHkq] ifo= vkRek ek>s ân; lkeF;Zoku cuohrvkgs- dsoG rq÷;k lkeF;kZusp rs leFkZ gksr vkgs- Eg.kwuvkt rq÷;k çsek[kkrj rw ek>k fnolHkj mi;ksx d:u ?ks-rq÷;k çsekph T;k yksdkauk vkt xjt vlsy R;kauk enrdj.;kl rwa eyk 'kDrh iqjo-


opu opu opu opu opu 1111111111 % % % % % rqEghgh vkeP;klkBh çkFkZuk d:u vkEgkyklgk¸; djkos----vkeP;k orhus iq"dG t.kkauk midkjLrqrh djkoh-

tj ikSykP;k lsokdk;kZeqGs vusd t.kkaph rkssaMs nsokdMs ojxsyh ulrh rj R;kps eyk vkÜp;Z okVys vlrs- rlsp ek÷;k

;k vkf.k tsok


vusd fe=kauh ek÷;kdfjrk çkFkZuk dsyh ulrh o ek>s lgk¸¸k dsysulrs rj R;kpsgh eyk vkÜp;Z okVys vlrs-

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukgs çHkq] rw rq÷;k ysdjkaP;k euke/;s MkWjFkhlkBh vkf.kek÷;klkBh çkFkZuk dj.;kps ts vks>s fnys R;k rq÷;k çsekcÌyeh fdrh vkHkkj ekukosr gs eyk dGr ukgh- v'kk ;krq÷;k vkÜp;Zdkjd çhrhcÌy eh rq>s fdrh o dls vkHkkjekuwa\vkrk e/;LFkhP;k çkFkZusr eh ek÷;k] dkgh fe=kauk nsokleksj

lknj djhr vkgs- opukP;k çdk'kke/;s eh R;kaP;klkBh çkFkZukdjrks- ifo= vkRek ek÷;k ân;kyk mÙksftr djhr vkgs- rkspnsokyk fouarh djhr vkgs dh ;k fe=kaP;k thoukr nsokus 'kkarh olkeF;Z vksrkos dkj.k R;kapk nsokoj iw.kZ Hkjoalk vkgs-

okp uokp uokp uokp uokp u

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fopkjkaP;k Øekoj eh euu djrks- ikSykP;k nqlÚ;k HksVhe/;s dfjaFkdjkaP;k laca/kh R;kauk lkaRou çkIr Ogkos o R;kauk ykHkOgkok v'khp ikSykph bPNk gksrh- R;kaP;kdMwu dkgh feGkos ákgsrwus rks R;kaP;kdMs xsyk ukgh- myV R;kyk R;kaukp dkghrjh|ko;kps gksrs- R;kus R;kP;k çoklkpk csr lafnX/k Bsoyk ukgh-

147

¼R;kP;k çoklkpk [kpZ dks.k dj.kkj ;kcÌy dkghp mYys[k dsykukgh- ;k çoklkr iS'kkyk egRo ukgh gs ek÷;k /;kukar vkysvkgs½- dfjaFk ;sFks tkrkauk R;kP;k eukar oS;fDrd LokFkZ eqGhpuOgrk-

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk Zukfç; çHkq] rq÷;k vkRE;kus o opuk}kjs ek÷;k eukr dkghpqdhpk gsrq vlsy rj eyk nk[kowu ns- dnkfpr R;keqGsifo= vkRek f[k™k gksbZy- ;k fgokGîkr eh dksBs lsokdk;Zdjkos ;k laca/kh rq>h bPNk dk; vkgs gs eyk nk[kho-dfjaFkdjkauh ikSyklaca/kh xSjlet d:u ?ksryk dkj.k R;kusR;kP;k çoklkpk csr cnyyk gksrk- ifo= vkRE;kP;kekxZn'kZukuqlkjp R;kus rls dsys gksrs- ikSykus çFke gks;EgVys o uarj ukgh EgVys ;klkBh eq>s vkHkkj ekurks-R;kus ts opu rsFks xktfoys rs rwa ikj[kys vkgsl- ek÷;ktxkr & tsFks ifjfLFkrh {k.kks{k.kh cnyr vlrs rsFks çHkq rwpek>k [kMd vkgsl- ;k txkrgh vk/kh dsysys csr cnykosykxrkr- çHkq rq>h ;kstuk dk; vkgs gs rw eyk nk[kowu ns-laf/klk/kqi.kkeqGsa eh dkgh cny d: u;s Eg.kwu eykR;kiklwu okpo- eh jkst rq÷;k le{krsr pkykos ;klkBh ehçkFkZuk djrks-


opu opu opu opu opu 2020202020 % % % % % nsokph opus fdrhgh vlksr] R;kP;k ¼f[kzLrkP;k½

;k vkf.k tsok


Bk;h gks; gs vkgs] Eg.kwu vkEgh nsokP;k xkSjokyk R;kP;k}kjsvkesu Eg.krks-

eyk vls fnlrs dh nsokph vfHkopus vkeP;ke/kwu oS;fDrdLo#ikph curkr- eh fopkjrks- ^;k opuke/;s ek÷;klkBh dkghvfHkopu vkgs dk;\*

çkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukçkFk ZukvkeP;ke/kwu çHkq\ nsokps vfHkopu vkeP;ke/kwu! nsokpsf[kzLrke/khy vfHkopu\ çHkq f[kzLrkrhy loZ vfHkopus\gks; çHkq] rq>s vkHkkj ekurks- vkt ldkGh rq÷;k le{krsreh gks; Eg.krks- gs nsok rw f[kzLrke/;s eyk ts fnys R;kphiw.kZ tk.kho ukgh- rq÷;k f'kok; ek>s thou fdrh fjrsvlrs ákph eyk dYiukgh djrk ;sr ukgh- vktP;kfnolkyk lkeksjs tkrkauk çHkq eyk dsoG rq>hp xjt vkgs-;k fnolkrhy eyk feG.kkjh la/kh] ;s.kkjs ijh{kk çlax vkf.k?;kos ykx.kkjs fu.kZ; ;klkBh eyk rq>h xjt vkgs-vkrk ek÷;k çHkqph Lrqrh&vkjk/kuk dj.;kr eh FkkssMk osG

?kkyfo.kkj vkgs dkj.k ek>s var;kZe R;kP;k 'kkarhus Hk:u okgkrvkgs- ek÷;k çkFkZukaph fufÜpr mÙkjs eyk BkÅd ukghr- i.k rsegRokps ukgh dkj.k vkrk nsokph 'kkarh ek÷;k ân;kr olr vkgs-eh ek÷;k çHkqlkscr ,df=r le;* vueksy vlk ?kkyfoyk vkgs-R;kph Lrqrh vlks- vkt eh ;k fnolkpk vkjaHk djrkauk nsokusR;kP;k opukrwu eyk eksyoku v™k fnys vkgs- R;koj ek>s eu

149

o ân; euu djhy o eh fnolkyk lkeksjs tk.;kl r;kj jkghu-Eg.kwu vki.k lrr y{kkr Bsoys ikfgts dh tsOgk vki.k

ldkGh nsoktoG ;srks rsOgk vkiyk vkRek 'kkarhr vlkok-çHkq ;s'kw f[kzLr jkst vkiY;kyk oS;fDrdfjR;k vkea=.k nsrks

gs fdrh uoy vkgs- rqeps uko ?ksÅu rks vR;ar çsekus Eg.krks ;kvkf.k tsok!

rq>s d/kh u cny.kkjs lR; lnk mHks]ts rq>k /kkok djrkr R;kauk rw rkjrkslrq>k 'kks/k dj.kkÚ;kalkBh rw vkgsl pkaxykrw T;kauk feGkykl R;k lokZar loZ vkgsgs thouhHkkdj] rq>h po ?ksrks vkEghrq>s lsou dj.;kph vkgs euh bPNkrq÷;k >Ú;kps ik.kh firks vkEghvkepk tho R;kus gksrks rktkrokuk

cukZM vkWQ DysjokWDl

;k vkf.k tsok


Vhi %Vhi %Vhi %Vhi %Vhi % njjkstp ifo= 'kkL=kH;klkph xjt ukghijarq ^,df=r le;* ek= vko';d vkgs-

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