2004 供應鏈管理 -...
TRANSCRIPT
2004
Supply Chain Management
1
1
1
1
5
6
7
7
7
12
14
16
16
19
20
21
22
29
29(Bullwhip Effect)
30(Trade-Off Effect)
32(Cross-Docking)
33 (QR)
33
35
36
37
40
40
41
43
44
46
48
48
48
51
52
54
56
59
59
60
64
64
66
68(TRANE)
70DFT
73
75
82
84
84
84
85
86
87
88
89(supplier)
89
91
92
95
96
97
100
103 /
103
105
134
134
134
136
137
138
140
141
141
141
142
143
145
145
146
147
148
148
148
149
150
150
150
152Third Party Logistics Providers, 3PL
156Fourth Party Logistics, 4PL
160
160
160
163 TSMC
163
16492
164
165
166
166Traditional Purchase Order
168Just-In-Time
170Consignment
171CRPContinuous Replenishment Program
175Down Case System
178VMIVendor Managed Inventory
182
182
184
184
187
190 (Out of StockStockout)
193
193
193
194
196
197
199
203
207
207
209
213
215 (B2B)
215
217
219
220
221
222
225
227
229
229
233
234
236
239
241
241
242
244
244
247
247ERP
248SCM
250CRM
251
251
253
255
256
257Data Exchange B2Bi
258Direct Application B2Bi
259(Closed Process Integration B2Bi)
260Open Process Integration B2Bi
261
262
262
263
264
265
265
265
265
268
271
271
273
274
276
277
277BTO/CTO/TDS
282
287
287
288
289
292
292
294
298
299
300
301
303
303
303
305
306Electric Data InterchangeEDI
309eXtensible Markup LanguageXML
310XMLEDI
312 (EDI)
314
315
318
319
320
320
323
325 (APS)
325
326 APS
326(APS)
329 (APS)
333
333
334
334
334 APS
335
336
336
338 APS
339APF
340AdexaMaterial and Capacity Planner(MCP)
342DigiChain APS X
344
344
345
351
352
360
360
360
363
364
365
365
366
368
369
373
377
377
381
382
383()
383
384
385
385
385
386
389
390
392
(Supply Chain Council)
(Supply Chain)(Supply Chain Management, SCM)Dornier ERP
David F. Ross (1997)
Tom. Davis 3 1.2.3.3
Simchi Et Al(2001)Designing and Managing the Supply China
(SCC)
(2000)
(2000)
(2000)(Supply Chain Planning,SCP) (Supply Chain Executive, SCE)
Lamming(1993)(Lean Supply Model)
(Just in time, JIT)Turnbull(1992)
(1998)(Distribution Center)
Maister(1976)(Quick Response)
20002-8
1.Collaboration Virtual Integration
2.Information SharingSCM
3.Core Competition
4.Information TechnologyRegis Mokenna1997
Accenture
1.Segment Customers Based on Service Needs
2.Customize the Logistics Network
3.Listen to Signals of Market Demand and Plan Accordingly
4. Differentiate Product Closer to the Customer
5.Strategically Manage the Source of Supply
6.Develop a Supply Chain---Wide Technology Strategy
7.Adopt Channel-Spanning Performance Measures
1.
(1).
(2).
2.
(1).
(2).
2-2 Cooper, Lambert & Pagh1997Cooper, Lambert & Pagh19981-1
1-1
Cooper, Lambert & Pagh1998
1.planning and control methods
2.work flow structure
3.organization structure
4.product flow facility structure
5. communication and information flow facility structureRosettanet PC XML
6.management methods
7.power and leadership structure
8.risk and reward structure
9.culture and attitude
1.customer relationship management
2.customer service management
3.demand management
4.order fulfillment
5.manufacturing flow management
6.procurement
7.product development and commercialization
8.returns
1-21-3
1-2
Cooper, Lambert & Pagh1998
1-3
Cooper, Lambert & Pagh1997
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.()
2.()
1-4
1.
1-5
2.
1-6
3.
1-7
4.
1-8
,
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1-9
1-9
1999
Maloni & Benton1997
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Monczka, Petersen, Handfield & Ragatz1998
Sheridan, Landry1998& Mariotti1999
1999
1999
1.
2.
3.
Mead Packaging Pillsbury Pillsbury Mead Packaging Mead Packaging Pillsbury ? Pillsbury
Mead Packaging PillsburyMead Packaging 1992 (lead time)Pillsbury Mead Packaging
(product)(price)(place)(promotion)P(partnership)
Stephen,Thomas,Wilhelm (1995)Lee & Kim (1999)
Bleeke & Ernst(1991)Corbett,Blackburn & Wassenhove (1999)Lee, Padmanadhan & Wang(1997)(Bullwhip effect)
Buzzel & Gwen(1995)
(Transaction-Cost Theory)(Resource Dependency Theory)(Agent-Cost Theory)(Social Exchange Theory)(Power-Political Theory)
(sequential interactions)
Yong-Ybara & Wiersema (1999)(mutual forbearance)
()
Williamson(1979)(ex ante)(ex post)
Williamson (1985) 1.(uncertainty)2.(asset specificity)3.(frequency)
1. (uncertainty)bounded rationalityopportunism
2. (asset specificity)Williamson (1985)(Site Gerography asset)(Physical Asset)(Human Asset)WilliamsonAshwin Rodney(1999)(Joint Active)
()
(Social Exchange Theory)50
()
Lee and Kim(1999)
1.(participation)Homans1958
2.(Trust)Meyer (1994) Young-Ybarra & Wiersema(1999)1. (Dependability) 2. (Predictability)
3.(Faith)Parkhe(1998):
(1).:
(2).
(3).(control gap)
4.(Communication)
Mohr & Spekman (1994)(1) (2) (3)
Homans(1958)Homans ..
5.(Information Sharing)(bullwhip effect)Lee & Kim (1999)
(1).
(2).
(3).(Lead Time)
(4).
(5).
6.(Benefit and Risk Share)Lee & Kim (1999)(legal Boundary)
(Bullwhip Effect)
(Bullwhip Effect)""""
(Demand Distortion)(Variance Propagation)()
1.
2. (Outstanding order)
3.
4.
(Trade-Off Effect)
(Trade-Off):
1.vs.1980 JIT (Postponement)();[]
2.v.s( Truck Load)( Less-Than-Truck Load )(7-Eleven)EDI ()
3.vs.(Risk Pooling)
(Cross-Docking)
(Cross-Docking)1-10
1-10
1.
2.
3.
Wal-Mart KmarkJIT JIT
(QR)
1-11
(1998)
1985 (Quick Response System)Wal-Mart 125 30120 (Globalization, 1993)Milliken Andy Vecchione (Quick Response)
JIT
()JIT
JIT JIT
()EDI
EDI
(1998)
()
()
()
()
1.2.3.
()
(Time-Based Competition)
(Time To Market)Hope & Hope (1997)()
(Order
Fulfillment Time)CraftedPride(1990)65%35%
Iyer Bergen(1997)
()
;
()
()
Mr. Sulliean and Kang 1999 1995 Mr. Shuster
()
(90)()MRP (Advanced Planning and SchedulingAPS)
MRP MRP
Sapiro & Heskett1985(full service)low costnarrow linefull line
Bowersox 1989Process strategyvalue-added chainMarket strategy/information strategy
Porter
Customer Closeness StrategyOperational Excellence Strategy
()
Chopra Meindl2001
1.
2.
3.
()
Chopra & Meindl2001Drives2-1
2-1
Sunil Chopra and Peter Meindl , 2001
2-1 Market mediation
2-1
2-1
1.INPUT
2.
1.
2.JIT
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
Porter(1980)2-2
2-2
2-2
2-2
Mentzer, DeWitt, Keebler, Min, Nix, Smith & Zacharia2001
Morash(1996)2-3
2-3
Beamon1999
Beamon1999
1.
2. /
3.
The Supply Chain Council SCOR (Supply chain operations reference model)SCOR
Beamon SCOR
Venkatraman & Ramanujam(1986)Venkatraman & Ramanujam(1986)
Ruekert, Walker & Roering(1985)Neely1995
Dyer & Reeves(1995)
2-4
2-4
1990Robert S. Kaplan David P. Norton Balanced Scorecard
OutcomeDriver
Brewer Speh2-3Brewer et al.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2-3
Linking the supply chain management framework to the balanced scorecard pp.85
ECRP&G Joint-In-Time ECR i2 Technologies SRMSupplier Relationship Management
1980 materials flowinfrastructural integration
2-4
Tan (2001)
value chain(activities)(capabilities)
2-5
Tan (2001)
(TQM) TQM
2-5
Motorola
Spec. Limit
Percent (%)
Defective ppm
Spec. Limit
Percent (%)
Defective ppm
1
68.27
317300
1
30.23
697700
2
95.45
45500
2
69.13
308700
3
99.73
2700
3
93.32
66800
4
99.9937
83
4
99.3790
6210
5
99.999943
0.57
5
99.97670
233
6
99.9999998
0.002
6
99.999660
3.4
2-5 Motorola
Stephen(1994)
SigmaStandard Deviation0.0020.002PPM(Part Per Million)99.9999998%Motorola4 sigma1.5 sigma3.4PPM(Part Per Million)99.99966%2-10
Hakan(2002)Peter (2000)
Peter(2000)2-6/
1.
2. /
3.
2-6
Peter S.(2000)
1. Naumnm(2000)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2.
Peter(2000)
1.
2. --
3.
4.
5.
6.
Hahn et al.(2000)
1.
2. ()
3.
4. (data-oriented)DMAIC
5.
1980 MotorolaMotorola20%Peters(2000)(TQM)2-6
2-6 TQM
TQM()
1
2
3
4
99.9997%
5
6
7
8
9
(outbound distribution strategies)
1.(direct shipment)
2.(warehousing)
3.(cross-docking)1015
()
1.
2.
1.
2.
()
Wal-Mart----
1.
2.
3.
4.
()
(transshipment)
1980
()
push-based supply chain
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
changeover
()
pull-based supply chain
1.
2.
3.
(TRANE)
(TRANE)1913James Trane Reuben Trane1938 "Turbovac"1958 1978 Sentinel Electronics 1984 1984 (American Standard)
(1).319200047
(2).61 23 200018
(3).12 9 200011
1987 1990 ()1997 ISO 1999DFT 10 2001 2000 23 (1.2 )15 7 OEM 1 2
()1708193 M213110 M2:
(1).2000 6 2 24 600 10 10 ,""6 3~5 4 3
(2).2000 400 10 10 ""3 10 3 2
(3).20009005~102
1
1
DFT
()
1.DBM(Demand Based Management) MPS(Master Production Schedule)
2.DBF(Demand Based Forecasting) MRP(Master Production Planning)
3.SOE(Sequence of Event)
4.OMS(Operation Manual Sheet)
5.TPcT(Total Production Cycle Time) ()
()DFT
DFT (Demand Flow Technology)(World-Class Manufacturing system)2(MRP) BOMJIT MRP JIT
2DFT
DBM MPS DBM (Time Fence)2DBMTPcT(3)JIT (Freeze Windows)(Forecast)JIT JIT (Level Schedule)(Freeze Windows)(Underutilization of Capacity)
3
4DBM
DBM4
1.
2.
3.
4. ()
5.
JITJIT(Kanban)
JIT :
5
1. : JIT (Auto Fax)
2. : (Milk Run)
3. :
4. (Consignment):
5. : (Kids)
""
()MTS ATO
61990(MTS)()():
(Batch)(Schedule)7~10 3~4
4000
61990
(BOM)(Batch)(Line)(Mix Model) 170(Level Schedule)(Freeze Windows)(Underutilization of Capacity)(Lead Time)(Just in time)(Kanban)(Daily supply)(Consignment)(Milk Run)
(Two shift)()(24 )7
7
()Engineer to Order(ETO)
ETO (BOM)
ETO ; ()8ETO
8ETO
(Batch)(Line)(Mix Model)(Leveling)(Lead Time)30 (Milk Run)
()
8
1997 (Third-Party Logistical3PL);; MIS(Management information System)(Standardization)(Infrastructure); 9
9
()
(Bullwhip Effect)
1991 ID(Module)1993 ()(Intranet)(Auto Fax)
1995 (Quick Response):
(Capacity)MPS(Master product planning)
(Runner) (Shop Flow)(Consignment)
(Kids)
(Demand Distortion)(Variance Propagation)
2000 (Daily Lead Time Communication)10
10
(WTO)WTO
1.() WTO
2.Trane
3.TraneCarrier
ValueQualityPrice CRM
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.market conformancedelivery date
2.PeapodReichheld
3.
(consumer)
(customer)
Circuit City(Dell)
()()
1.
(1).
(2).
(3).--
2.
3.
(supplier)
Vonderembse and Tracey (1999)
Landsom (2000)80/20
:
a.:
b.:
c.:
?
Vonderembse and Tracey (1999):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
50%Degraeve and Roodhooft (1999)(total cost of ownership):10%
Kim (2000)(participants) (innovation)
Dubas and Chao (1996)a.b.c.d.
Forza and Filippini (1998)43 ()(Total Quality Management, TQM )::
1.: (a)(b)(c)
2.:(a)(b)(c)
3.:(a)(b)
4.:(a)(b)(c)e.:(a)(b)(c)
Narasimham and Jayaram (1998)215 , , ?::
Naylor et al. (1999)(value):
: ::()()
Simpson et al. (2002)Fortune 150 110 2,001 19 138 19 :a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.k./l./m.n.o.p.q.r.s.:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sarkis and Talluri (2002):
Jarillo(1988)
1.
2.
3.
4.
1998
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Kasilingam LeeMixed-Integer Programming
Roodhooft et al.ABC TCO Total Cost of Ownership Information
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rolling Horizon
Ghodsypour OBrienEconomic Order QuantityEOQ3-1
3-1
90
KimKim
Kim et al.Supplier capacity reservationsOverstocking CostUnder-stocking CostSales RevenueProduction CostMaterial CostKim Strategical
ZimmerJIT CCqd min{C,q}Zimmer Penalty CostIncentive
R. Bhatnagar et al
1. Large BatchesSetup Cost
2.Consolidation loads of different goods
3%20%Chandra FisherSetup CostChandra et al.32
Dornir(1998)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wood(1995)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
JohansonMattsson(1987)
1. international extension
2. penetration
3. international integration
JohansonMattsson(1987)3-1
3-1
The Early Starter
The Late Starter
The Lonely International
The International among others
JohansonMattsson(1987)
1. Early Starter
2. Lonely International
3. Late Starter(Pull Out)
4. International among Others
/
3-2MRP
3-2
Klaas1998
3-3
3-3
1998
3-3 /
KrajewskiCoyle Push Pull Coyle MRPFisher Fisher efficiencyresponsiveness
Klaas anticipatingreacting3-2
3-2
PUSH
PULL
OR Black-Box
Order Placed
Input Output
ROP
Anticipating Systems Operating
Klaas1998
1.
2.
3.
4.
3-4
3-4
(POS )
1.
2.
3.
4.
3-5
3-5
JonesLean Logistics15 TQM
1.
2.
3.
JonesLean Thinking3-6/
3-6 (Lean Logistics)
Jones1997
Jone//
1972 12 1 1800 1
1
FORD
METROSTAR
TIERRA LS
ACTIVA
ECONOVAN
PRONTO
PRZ
ESCAPE
IXION MAV
MAZDA
PROTEGO 323
ISAMU
BONGO
TRIBUTE
PREMACY
FORDMAZDA134,000/FORDMAZDAJAGUAR SCORPIOTAURUSWINSTARCAPELLA 626MPVJAGUAR 85 30
20-30 2000 1995 Asia Pacific Operation Association (APOA)2000 Ford Asia-Pacific (FAP)
(Vision)
1990 Q1 1991 Q1 1996 ISO-9001 1997 6 ISO14001 1998 QS-9000
1996 20001998 C3P WERS CTISTIERRAMETROSTAR
2001
Q1 QS-9000 85 30
1
1
()
WERS (World wide Engineering Release System)WIPS ( World wide Information Purchasing System)CMMS (Common Material Management System)(Synchronous Information Flow) 2
2
WERS CMMS ATP WIPSSourcing CMMS BOM(Bill Of Material)(Usage)P.O
25 EXCEL File 1+11 45 VIS (Vehicle Information System)EOC (European Order Card)Emerging Markets Forecast Process Schedule Process ()SFI (Schedule Formula Index)CMMS
CMMS MRP BOM CMMS SOLMIS(Supplier On-Line Management Information System)ASN (Advanced Shipping Notice)FLH ASN SOLMISCMMS ASN Accounts Payable
WEB EDI (HUB)830 862
()
20-22 11 EXCEL file CMMS BOM , Schedule, Purchasing order (PO) , CMMS Supplier Release() DSI (Daily Shipping Instruction )FORD
3
3
CMMS (Common Material Management System)SOLMIS (Supplier On-Line Management Information System )ASN (Advanced Shipping Notice )ASN User ID ASN
CMMS
(1)
DOQ
D cum
S
I adj(/)
AR cum
DOQ = ( D cum + S + I adj ) - ( AR cum ) .
DOQ>0
DOQ= 0.50 um 18%
0.35 um 12%
0.25 um 21%
0.18 um 22%
0.15 um 13%