2006 summer dynamics of phytopla nkton taxonomic...

The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of OceanographyVol. 12, No. 3, pp. 200 210, August 2007

200

[Note]

2006

*1 2

1

2

Summer Dynamics of Phytoplankton Taxonomic Composition in

a Coastal Estuarine System of Asan Bay

HYANGHWA YI, YONGSIK SHIN*, SUNGRYULL YANG1 AND CHUL PARK2

Division of Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 530-729, Korea 1Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering Kwangju University, Kwangju 503-703, Korea

2Department of Oceanography, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Deajeon 305-764, Korea

2006 6, 7, 8

5 . 6 7

. 6 7 8 . 2006

(62.8%), (17.3%), (14.8%), (1.0%), (0.9%), (0.4%)

6 (2.8%) . 6 ( Prorocentrum sp.(29.6%))

43.5% 7 8 ( Leptocylindrus sp.(21.4%), Chaetoceros

sp.(27.6%)) 69.1%, 89.9% .

.

Phytoplankton community was investigated in Asan Bay, South Korea. Samples were collected at 5 stations

along Asan Bay axis during wet season from June to August, 2006. In June and July, salinity decreased espe-

cially at inside stations. Nutrients were high in June and July, however, decreased in August. We observed the

community of phytoplankton including diatoms(62.8%), dinoflagellates(17.3%), cryptophytes(14.8%), eugle-

nophytes(1.0%), cyanophytes (0.9%), chlorophytes(0.4%), and some of unidentified taxa(2.8%) during summer 2006

in Asan Bay. In June, dinoflagellates (mainly Prorocentrum sp.(29.6%)) were dominated, accounting for about

43.5% of total cell number, whereas in July and August diatoms (mainly Leptocylindrus sp.(21.4%), Chaetoceros

sp.(27.6%)) were dominated occupying 69.1% and 89.9%, respectively. The results suggest that freshwater

inputs affected phytoplankton community in the Asan Bay ecosystem.

Keywords: Asan Bay, Prorocentrum sp., Leptocylindrus sp., Chaetoceros sp., phytoplankton community

,

( , 2001).

,

(James,

1979), , ,

(Reynolds et al.,

1983; Sommer et al., 1986).

(UNESCO, 1978).

( , 1991;

, 1998; , 1998),

(Marshall and

Raymond, 1990; , 1991; , 2004).

,

.

. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

2006 201

( , 1981).

.

(1956)

Ceratium

Peridinium .

(1960)

Dinophysis sp. Prorocentrum sp.

(1967) Gymnodinium sp. Noctiluca sp.

. (1967) Pyrophacus sp.

(1970) Glenodinium foliaceum

(1979) Gonyaulax

polygramma Gonyaulax Polyedra .

Gymnodinium mikimotioi 1981

Cochlodinium polykrikoides 1982

1992

Gyrodinium sp. ( ,

2000). Alexandrium tamarense Hiroshima

Hiroshima

(Asakawa et al., 1993; 1995).

( , 2005)

.

.

40 km, 2.2 km,

6.1 m 9.6 m

, ,

. ,

,

.

( ,

1993). 2006 6 16, 6 23, 7 13, 7 24

, 8 11, 8 25 2

5 (Fig. 1).

5 l (Niskin) (Van Don water

sampler) 1 m ()

.

.

, (Salinity) YSI-Model 85 S-C-T

, 1 m ,

Secchi disk .

Niskin

Whatman 25 mm GF/F filter 20 ml plastic

scintillation vial dry ice -20 oC

Parsons et al.(1984) Autoanalyzer(Bran Luebbe)

.

2 (Netplankton

> 20 m), (Nanoplankton < 20 m)

20 m Nytex mesh .

(100 ml) 20 m Nytex mesh

(

202

fluorometer chlorophyll a .

HCl(2N) pheopigments

.

a pheopigments

a pheopigments ()

(Welschmeyer

and Lorenzen, 1985).

Lugols solution(Sourinia,

1978) Sedgewick-Rafter Chamber

. 1 l 900 ml Lugols solution

5 ml 2-3

.

, 200 ml , 50 ml (Conical

tube) 1-2 45 ml

5 ml 1 ml S-R Chamber .

(colored image analyzer)

Axioskop 2 MAT(ZEISS) .

, ,

- (i.e. Shannon-Weiner index), (i.e.

Margalef index), (i.e. Pielou index), (i.e.

Simpson index) ,

(Simpson, 1949; Margalef, 1958; Whittaker, 1972; Ludwig

and Reynolds, 1988).

Shannon-Weiner index:

Margalef index:

Pielou index:

Pi: i

S:

Simpson index:

N:

ni: i

2006

7

(Fig. 2A).

(Fig. 2A). 2006

7 4994.0() 6 1389.8

() (Fig. 2B).

6 16 19.4-31.0 psu, 6

23 25.9-30.5 psu 7 13 21.4-30.9 psu,

7 24 24.2-27.7 psu (Fig. 3A-B). 8

27.4-28.9 psu. 28.7-30.7 psu (Fig. 3C)

2 1

7 (Fig. 3A-C).

(Fig. 3A-C)

.

6 15.9-19.1 oC, 17.9-19.9 oC

7 17.5-21.9 oC, 19.5-20.6 oC

8 22.0-23.3 oC, 23.3-25.4 oC

(Fig. 3D-F).

(Fig. 3D-F).

, 6 1.0-3.4 m, 1.9-3.1m

7 0.5-2.8 m, 1.1-2.8 m 8

0.8-2.8 m, 0.8-4.2 m (Fig. 3G-I).

H Pi*

i 0=

s

ln Pi( )=

S S 1( ) N( )ln=

J H S( )ln=

D ni ni 1( )

N N 1( )--------------------

i 0=

s

=

Fig. 2. Photo-period (monthly sum), precipitation(daily and monthly sum) and freshwater river discharge (monthly sum) from the Asan andSapkyo embankment.

2006 203

7 8

.

6 6.6-8.2 mg l-1, 5.7-8.5 mg l-1

7 5.3-7.6 mg l-1, 5.9-8.1 mg l-1

8 7.5-9.8 mg l-1, 8.6-10.2 mg l-1

(Fig. 4A-C). 6 7

.

6

2 7 8

. 8 6, 7

(Fig. 4). 6 7

8

(Fig. 4D-F). +

8

(Fig. 4G-L), 8

(Fig. 4M-O).

(, 2006)

.

(, 2002) ( , 2004) .

Chlorophyll a: Pheopigments ratio

(grazing rate)

. Ratio

Chlorophyll a 2.2

(Holm-Hansen et al., 1965),

1.7 (Yentsch and

Menzel, 1963). ,

(flushing rate)

. Chl:Pheo 8 11

1.16-1.92 (Fig. 5E)

. 6 16 3

(Fig. 5A). 6 23, Chl:Pheo

1, 2

. 3

, 1 (Fig. 5B). 7 13 Chl:Pheo

6 16 Chl:Pheo

(Fig. 5C). 7 23 Chl:Pheo 3

, 2

Chl:Pheo (Fig. 5D).

Fig. 3. Spatial variations of salinity, water temperature, secchi disk depth during June, July and August in the Asan Bay.

204

8 11 Chl:Pheo 7 23

Chl:Pheo

(Fig. 5E). 8 23

Chl:Pheo

Chl:Pheo

(Fig. 5F). Chl:Pheo

1.7

. 3

Chl:Pheo (Fig. 6)

(micro-sized) Skeletonema

costatum, Leptocylindrus sp., Chaetoceros sp.

3 net-size chl:pheo

. 8 Chl:Pheo

.

6 16 (whole-chlorophyll a)

(nano-chlorophyll a) 3

(Fig.

6A, 6C). (net-chlorophyll a)

Fig. 4. Spatial distributions of dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite+nitrate, phosphate and silicate in the surface water during June, July,August in the Asan Bay.

2006 205

Fig. 5. Spatial variations of size-fractionated chlorophyll a: pheopigments during June, July, August in the Asan Bay.

Fig. 6. Spatial variations of size-fractionated chlorophyll a (whole, net- and nano-sized) in the surface water during June, July, August inthe Asan Bay.

206

3

(Fig. 6B). 6 16 3

(Fig. 7A).

6 23 6 16

(Fig. 6A).

(Fig. 6B) 6

16

(Fig. 6C).

(Fig. 7B). 3 6 16

6 23 3

6 16 6.82g l-1 23 3.88g l-1

1.42 g l-1

1.78 g l-1 .

7 13 2.02-2.87 g l-1

6

3

(Fig. 6D-F).

(Fig. 7C).

7 24 6 7 13

(Fig. 6D-F).

1 (Fig. 6E-H).

(Fig. 7D).

8 11

(Fig. 6G-I).

(Fig. 7E).

8 25

8 11

(Fig. 6G-I). 1

7

.

80%

(Fig. 7F).

8

,

8 6, 7

(Fig. 6).

6 -(Diatoms),

(Cryptophytes), (Chlorophytes), (Cyanophytes),

(Euglenophytes), (Dinoflagellates) 6

Fig. 7. Spatial variations of percentage contribution(%) of size-fractionated class (net-, nano-sized) to the total chlorophyll a in the surfacewater during June, July, August in the Asan Bay.

2006 207

(Dinoflagellates) 7, 8

(Diatoms) 8 85%

(Table 1).

6 6 23 , +, ,

6 16 7

7 13 7 24

(Fig. 4).

(, 2006). 6 16

3

Skeletonema

costatum, 2 Leptocylindrus sp. . 6

16 2

Leptocylindrus sp. . 1, 4,

5 1 2

Prorocentrum sp.

(Table 2). Prorocentrum (, 1980; ,

1981; , 1982; , 1983; , 1984) (

, 1984), ( , 1981) . 6 23

2

Cryptomonas sp.

Prorocentrum sp. .

.

Cochlodinium

polykrikoides 3 m

(patch) Alexandrium ,

( , 2000).

Cryptomonas sp.

(Jotaro et al.,

2000). 6 26 25~33 psu 20 oC

(Fig. 3),

Prorocentrum sp. . 6 16

3 Skeletonema costatum 6 23

Prorocentrum sp.

6 16

.

Table 1. Seasonal composition (%) of phytoplankton group during the sampling period from the study sites of the Asan Bay

(%)

Month Bacillariophyceae Cryptophyceae Dinophyceae Euglenophyceae Chlorophyceae Cyanophyceae Other

Jun-16 39.00 9.89 45.05 0.58 0.19 2.02 3.27

Jun-23 22.08 28.51 42.08 2.71 0.90 1.00 2.71

Jul-13 59.20 8.43 17.74 1.11 2.88 5.54 5.10

Jul-24 71.77 22.03 4.13 1.06 0.06 0.00 0.95

Aug-11 90.43 5.57 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.68

Aug-25 89.49 5.57 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.71

Table 2. Dominant genera of phytoplankton community during the sampling periods at the 5 stations of the Asan Bay

Month Station Dominant sp. Percentage(%) Month Station Dominant sp. Percentage(%)

St. 1 Prorocentrum sp. 32.26 St. 1 Prorocentrum sp. 28.87

St. 2 Leptocylindrus sp. 41.00 St. 2 Cryptomonas sp. 37.07

June-16 St. 3 Skeletonema costatum. 46.00 June-23 St. 3 Prorocentrum sp. 35.00



St. 1 Nitzschia sp.Leptocylindrus sp.

16.3516.35

St. 1 Skeletonema costatum. 27.64

St. 2 Skeletonema costatum. 36.23 St. 2 Cryptomonas sp. 21.52

Jul-13 St. 3 Nitzschia sp. 21.61 Jul-24 St. 3 Leptocylindrus sp. 47.81

St. 4 Alexandrium sp. 17.02 St. 4 Leptocylindrus sp. 36.69

St. 5 Prorocentrum sp. 24.04 St. 5 Leptocylindrus sp. 27.79

St. 1 Skeletonema costatum. 34.07 St. 1 Chaetoceros sp. 52.63

St. 2 Chaetoceros sp. 30.00 St. 2 Chaetoceros sp. 43.53

Aug-11 St. 3 Chaetoceros sp. 36.00 Aug-25 St. 3 Eucampia zodiacus 36.76

St. 4 Skeletonema costatum. 34.84 St. 4 Eucampia zodiacus 34.52

St. 5 Chaetoceros sp. 40.54 St. 5 Eucampia zodiacus 26.04

208

Skeletonema costatum

(, 1986)

( , 2002).

7

(Fig. 8, Table 1). 7 13 5

Prorocentrum sp. 1

3 Nitzschia sp.

2 Skeletonema costatum, 4

Alexandrium sp.

(Table 2).

(Fig. 7). Alexandrium Alexandrium

tamarense

( , 2000). 7 24

1 Skeletonema costatum, 2

Cryptomonas sp. 3, 4, 5

Leptocylindrus sp.

. Skeletonema costatum 7 13 2

7 24 1

20.5 oC, 20.6 oC. Skeletonema

costatum

,

(Yoder, 1979). 7 24


. 6 23

7

,

.

8 6, 7

85% (Table 1). 8 25

Chlorophyll a

80%

(Fig. 7). 8 11 1 4


Chaetoceros sp. 8 25

1 2 Chaetoceros sp.

Eucampia zodiacus

. 8 6, 7

6, 7 . Chaetoceros sp.

, , ( , 2003), ( , 1994)

. Eucampia zodiacus Skeletonema costatum

2 4

Chaetoceros 8 ( , 1990).

(2005) (2)

Skeletonema costatum Thalassiosira sp., (5)

Rhizosolenia spp. Pseudo-nitzschia spp., (7)

Oscillatoria spp. Skeletonema costatum, (9) Chaetoceros

sp. intensive

sampling

. 6

Prorocentrum sp. 7 Leptocylindrus

sp. 8 Chaetoceros sp.

Eucampia zodiacus

.

.

,

.

, ,

,

,

( , 2000).

viruses, algalcidal bacteria

.

(McNaughton, 1977; Pimm, 1984; Tilman

and Dowing, 1994; Tilman, 2000).

(H')

.

1 6 16, 23, 7 13

(Table 3). 6

7 24

. (D)

Table 3. phytoplankton species diversity during the sampling periods at the 5 stations of the Asan Bay

MonthStation

Shannon-Weiner index (H') Simpson index (D) Pielou index (J) Margalef index (R)

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5

Jun-16 2.08 1.61 1.22 1.06 1.38 0.13 0.28 0.38 0.52 0.33 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.22 3.75 2.73 2.06 2.11 2.38

Jun-23 2.02 1.78 2.00 1.77 1.77 0.16 0.24 0.18 0.26 0.2 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 3.67 3.19 3.81 3.52 2.48

Jul-13 2.52 2.30 2.40 2.35 2.35 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.21 0.22 0.19 0.24 0.22 4.09 4.25 4.32 3.38 4.25

Jul-24 1.75 1.87 1.82 2.01 2.14 0.21 0.16 0.26 0.19 0.16 0.16 0.21 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.48 2.06 2.66 3.09 3.45

Aug-11 1.86 2.05 2.04 1.81 1.85 0.18 0.12 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.21 0.27 0.19 0.16 0.16 2.88 3.23 2.99 2.09 2.37

Aug-25 1.29 1.50 1.78 2.00 1.76 0.37 0.31 0.21 0.17 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.25 1.96 2.75 2.44 2.93 1.73

mean 1.92 1.85 1.88 1.83 1.88 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.20 3.14 3.04 3.05 2.85 2.78

2006 209

. 1

,

. 6 16

, 4 0.52 7 13 1

0.08 (Table 3). (J)

,

.

1 ,

.

7 13 8 25

(Table 3). (R)

,

.

. 7 8 25

.

.

6 16 Prorocentrum sp.

.

7 13

73.81% ,

26.19% .

. 7 24

Leptocylindrus sp. . 8 11

Skeletonema

costatum Chaetoceros sp.

.

8 25

Chaetoceros sp. Eucampia zodiacus

.

.

( R012003-000-

10080-0) .

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2007 8 14

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