2008-11-13 写作技巧与注意事项 melody, hong 四级考试辅导系列讲座...

2008-11-13 写作技巧与注意事项 Melody, Hong

四级考试辅导系列讲座

写作技巧与注意事项

Melody, Hong

用英语思维写作

1. 先写中文，后翻译成英语不可取。（解决办法：背诵范文或常用句型）2. 文化差异。（不能确定的知识点不要乱用）


正确认识 CET4 的作文

基础学习 + 应试技巧

难点：基础不够好易点：主观题 ! 近年

来的题目基本就是三段式且有提纲 !


四级作文的写作要求一般要求是 :

能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务 , 能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出 120 词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语篇连贯。能在一般或应用写作中使用恰当的写作技能。”


评分原则1. 四级作文考试采用总体评分的办法。阅卷人员

就总的印象给出奖励分（ Reward Scores ） , 而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。

2. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑用词和造句能否清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。


评分标准1. 具体标准四级作文试题满分为 15 分。阅卷标准分五等：

2 分、 5 分、 8 分、 11 分及 14 分。 14 分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。11 分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯。但有少量语言错误。8 分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。5 分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的语言错误。2 分：条理不清，思路紊乱。语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。


考生作文的问题1. 胸有千言万语，却无处落笔。2. 审题不清，致使作文跑题。3. 枝节性叙述过多，导致重点不突出。4. 文章结构层次不清，布局混乱。5. 语言表达不符合英语表达习惯。6. 句型单一，无变化。7. 用词不当，语法错误多。8. 文章首尾不回应或是虎头蛇尾。


文章的衔接与连贯连贯是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的，文章

中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言，其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行，不能说与主题句无关的东西。有人也将其称为统一性。请看一例：


The weather has been changeable. On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees. Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear out winter coats. On Tuesday we formed a group to go roller skating. By Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. Thursday was as hot and humid as an August day. Friday morning it began to rain, and it looks as if we’ll have a cold, steady wind for a few days.

这一段写“最近天气多变”，首句为主题句。扩展句叙述了星期日、星期一、星期三、星期四和星期五的天气情况，用以展开关键词 changeable 。但星期二没有提天气，而是说当天的活动安排，偏离了主题，打断了段落叙述的连贯性，破坏了段落逻辑意义的统一性，应删去或改为与天气有关的话。


切勿将给出的单词抄错。

不写与考试无关的话。


经常出现的写作问题

I.

e.g.In my opinion, computer is nice and necessary, but we must study English hard, in order to make good friends with computer.

跑题


II.

e.g. There have many problems. We spends on computers are smaller. You will can’t find a job, if you can’t

use computers.

III.

…… the average number of hours spends on the computer per week geted a risk 0.5……

语法

表达不清


IV. In my opion,

themself

But their are also some problems

The price is chaper and chaper

comput

tecnolege

computer is used in different eares

changement

comparation

per weed

solute problems

centry

telles

colldge

colleague students

拼写错误


高分技巧内容切题，包括提纲的全部内容表达清楚，文字连贯句式有变化句子结构和用词正确


三段式？

1. Introduction(state your points)

2. Body(support your points)

3. Conclusion(sum up)


段落的基本构成Topic Sentence ( 主题句 )

Supporting Sentence （主要扩展句 1 ） supporting sentence （次主要扩展句 1 ） supporting sentence （次主要扩展句 2 ）

Supporting Sentence （主要扩展句 2 ） supporting sentence （次主要扩展句 1 ） supporting sentence （次主要扩展句 2 ） Concluding Sentence （结尾句）


结尾句的写法

1. 对全段总结和概括

2.重申主题句

3.展示下文内容


基本的写作步骤 1. 审题 2. 选材 3. 腹稿（包括提纲和正文）、 4. 书写 5. 修改。


过渡词启first(ly), at first, first of all, in the beginning, in the first place,at present, to begin with, currently,in my opinion,

to start with, lately, for one thing, now, recently, on the one hand,in general, generally speaking,in recent years, nowadays, undoubtedly


承second(ly), third(ly), also/too, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, for another, for example, for instance, as an example, as another example, namely, then, in other words, in particular, in the same way, after that, afterwards, from now on, later, just as, similarly, meanwhile, at the same time, consequently, equally important, what is more, what is worse, certainly, surely, obviously, especially, in particular


转but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, conversely, though, although, despite, in spite of, on the contrary,

in contrast,unlike, whereas, on the other hand, unfortunately, still, in fact, as a matter of fact, in any case, at any rate, otherwise, or else, instead


合finally,hence,in brief,in conclusion,in short,in summary,therefore,thus,to sum up,to conclude,to summarize,briefly,above all,

as a consequence,as a result,for this reason,as has been noted ,at last,at length,by and large,consequently,eventually,accordingly,after all,in general,in a word,on the whole


四级作文不同题型的三段式结构题型第一段第二段第三段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产

生的原因表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人做法

对比选择型表明一方或双方的观点

表明另一方的观点及理由，或指出双方观点的不足之处及理由

表明个人的观点或阐述个人做法

问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出解决方案

表明个人的观点态度或阐述个人做法

观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法与做法

应用文（ 03 年以来，应用文比例越来越大）

描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出建议


***应用文 ***

自 1995 年 6月以来，应用文共考过 6次，最新考过的 2005 年 6月真题为感言，2005 年 1月真题为竞选演说词， 2004年 6月真题为日程安排解说词， 2004 年1月、 2002 年 1月于 2001 年 6月为书信应用文。


2005年 6 月作文真题 Writing Direction : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes t

o write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1.向老师致以节日祝贺2. 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3.我如何回报老师的关爱 Teacher’s Day

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________


2005.6 范文 Teacher’s Day

The Teacher’s day is coming. At this very special time of the year, I think we should express our heartfelt thanks to our teachers.

Teachers are important to all of us. They not only teach us knowledge, but also things that will benefit us for the rest of our lives.


of all my teachers, I remember Ms. Zhang most clearly. Ms.Zhang was my English teacher when I was a middle school student. At that time I was having a hard time learning English. I could not remember English words and the English grammar did not make any sense to me. It seemed I could never learn English well.

.


Ms.Zhang learned about my problem and did not hesitate to offer me help. She told me that I should, first of all,realize that I was not a stupid boy. But I had to be patient and commit more efforts in my English study. Without her encouragement, I think I would not have pass the college entrance examinations


How should I repay my teachers like Ms.Zhang ? As a college student, I think the only way to do is to study hard and finish my college. After my graduation, I hope to become a contributing citizen to the country.


2005年 1 月作文真题 Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 3

0 minutes to write a campaign speech of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1.你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作

2. 如果当选，你将为本校学生做些什么 A Campaign Speech


竞选演说词模版A Campaign Speech

Dear_______,

It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech. To begin with, let me introduce myself, my name is ______. As some of you may know, I am ________.

As for the position of _______, there are some things making me feel qualified to take the job. Firstly, I ________. Secondly, I _________. Thirdly, I am good at _________.

Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my ______if I am lucky enough to be the _______. On the other hand, I, with my co-workers, will ______.

On the other hand, I will ________. In addition, I will______.

I wish all of you the best and thank you all for listening. Thank you.


A Campaign Speech

Dear fellow students, It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my

speech. To begin with, let me introduce myself, my name is Huck, a junior from the English Department. As some of you may know, I am the monitor of Class 4, Grade Two.

As for the position of president of the students’ union, there are some things making me feel qualified to take the job. Firstly, I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as monitor. Secondly, I am a warm—hearted boy and always ready to help others, quick to react to the needs of my fellow students. Thirdly, I am good at organizing activities and have held a number of English corners and discussions.


Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the president of the students’ union. On the other hand, I, with my co-workers, will invite more famous professors to give lectures for our students and we can learn a lot of knowledge. On the other hand, I will organize more activities for our students and enhance understanding of and cooperation with of each other. In addition, I will open more channels for our students to voice their opinions and their needs.

I wish all of you the best and thank you all for listening. Thank you.

(239 words)


2005.6 范文 A Campaign Speech

My Dear Fellow Students,

I venture to run for the presidency of our Student Union. First and foremost, I believe that I am confident in my organizing capability.

I am junior from the History Department. For nearly two years, I have been the monitor of my class. Under my leadership, my class has become the proudest class in the university.


I am an avid reader.I am a music lover.I have an boundless passion for sports, all kinds of sports. You just name it.

If I am elected the president of the Student Union, I plan to enrich the campus life by organizing a variety of school activities, such as sing contests, sports competitions and job training sessions.

Trust me! I will never let you down if I am elected.


2004年 6 月作文真题 Writing Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a composition entitled “A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction”. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:

Your role: a tour guideYour audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include:* Some welcoming words*the schedule for the day *a description of the place the tourists will be visiting

(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site etc.)You should make the introduction interesting and the

arrangements for the day clear to every body.


日程安排解说词模版A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

Ladies and Gentlemen\ Dear____,

Welcome to ____. To begin with, ________. It’s my pleasure to ________.

Now to share the schedule with you, _____. Please keep in mind that ______. According to the schedule, _______. In addition, __________.

As a matter of fact, ______. During your visit,_____. There is no doubt that _____. I hope that _______. Thank you very much for _____.


A Brief Introduction to a Tourist AttractionLadies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China and thank you for t

rusting our travel agency. To begin with, my name is Lily. It’s my pleasure to be your guide.

Now to share the schedule with you, the place we are going to visit is the Great Wall in Bada Mountain. Please keep in mind that we ’ll set out at 9:00. According to the schedule, we will arrive there at 10:00. In addition, we will stay there for three hours and come back at about 2:00 in the afternoon.


As a matter of fact, the Great Wall we will visit is the most complete and best-preserved section. During your visit, you will see some wonderful Chinese acrobatics and dragon-lion performances and to climb to the wall and take photos. I hope that you will enjoy your day. Thank you very much for your kind attention.


A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

ladies and gentlemen, welcome to join in our group, and it’s my great honor to be your tour guide. I hope you can enjoy your whole time in our country.

First, I want to introduce our arrangement to you. We will assemble at seven o’clock here. After all of you have come, we’ll start to climb the hill. At one o’clock in the afternoon, we will go to the seashore. Five o’clock is the end of the whole day’s tour. If you have any questions, please ask me.


Well, since you have no questions, I will introduce our scene briefly. The hill we’ll climb is about 500 meters. It looks as if it is covered with a green blanket dotted with flowers. At the seashore, you will be amazed at the width of the sea. Certainly, you can swim there.

In a word, it is a good chance to approach to nature, relax yourself and relieve the pressure of your work.

I am sure you must be looking forward to it. Let’s start.


LECTURE


一 . 格式 CE, Dalian UniversityDalian Development ZoneDalian, LiaoningP.R.China 116622

November 9, 2004APT 2115

501E 32nd Street

Chicago, I.L. U.S. 60616

Dear Anita,

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ .

Yours Sincerely,

Signature


二 . 信件常用语1. 称呼 Sir, Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Gentlemen,

To whom it may concern

2. 谦恭结束语 1) Yours obediently, Yours respectfully

2) Yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours respectfully

3) Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours faithfully

4) Yours sincerely, Yours cordially, Yours faithfully, Yours affectionately


3. 信内常用起首用语 I am very glad to hear from you. I am very happy to receive your letter of May 25. Your kind letter of Saturday arrived (has been re

ceived ) this morning. I have just received your kind letter. I am pleased to tell you that I got home safe and

sound last night. I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. I am writing to you about the meeting to be held

next month. In reply to your letter about the college entrance

examination this year, let me tell you that …


4) 信内常用结尾用语 Kindly favor us with a reply at your earliest convenienc

e. Thank you for an early answer. Thank you in advance for your answer. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. All best wishes and kindest regards to your father. Thanking you for your past favor. Thank you for your courteous attention. As to particulars, I will write to you more fully next time. If you have further questions, please feel free to contac

t me. With kindest loving regards. Much love to you and your family. With the season’s greetings.


2004年 1 月作文真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 min

utes to write a letter in replay to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3. 应当如何备考 A Letter in Reply to a Friend Dec.27th ,2003Dear ______________________________________


建议信模版 A Letter in Reply to a Friend

Dear _____, I am delighted to learn that _____. It ______.

In my opinion,_____. On the one hand, __ _____. On the other hand,_______.

As to _____, I suggest _______. If _____. It is unnecessary for you to _____. In addition,_____. I am sure_____.

Please inform me _____. I am looking forward to ____.

Sincerely yours, Li Ming


A Letter in Reply to a Friend December 27th, 2003

Dear Tom, I am delighted to learn that you are going to

apply for admission to our university. It has been several years since we departed last time, and soon we will probably meet again. In my opinion, you should major in English. On the one hand, English is a very popular major at our university and we have modern teaching methods and prestigious professors. On the other hand, you seem to have a gift for language and you really good at English.


As to the requirements for applying for the English major for our university, I suggest you pay more attention to spoken English. If you make a good performance in oral test, you will have the priority. It is unnecessary for you to be nervous. In addition, when making preparation you should do more model test. I am sure you will succeed in the exam.

Please inform me if there is something I can do for you. I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus.

Sincerely yours, Li Ming

(170 words)


A Letter in Reply to a Friend Dec.27th , 2003Dear Joe, I am glad to hear from you. In your last letter,

you inquired about applying for admission to my university, and I am willing to give you some introductions and suggestions. I hope they will be helpful to you!

First, I advise you to apply for Foreign Languages Department. On the one hand, since China has entered the World Trade Organization, we will meet both challenges and opportunities. Foreign languages are more and more important in our modern society!


Second, there are some requirements for this major. You should have good foundation in English, and have a good command of English listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. Third, you should make preparations for your college entrance examination, and try your best to get high marks in the exam,especially on the English subject. Before this exam, you also have to take an oral English test. It is necessary for you to major in English.

Now, you must be familiar with applying for my university. Welcome to my university!

Best wishes to you! Yours Sincerely Sandy


2002年 1 月作文真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed th

irty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline ( given in Chinese ) below:

假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一份信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以使表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。


批评、抱怨信模版 September 20th 2005

Dear_____,

My name is _____. I am _______. I venture to write you a letter about ______.

The focus of the complaint is_____. For one thing, ______. For the another,_____. Honestly speaking, _____. But ____. Besides,______.

All in all, there is still much room for improvement_______. I do hope ___. Thank you for your time and kind consideration______.


A Letter to the University President about the canteen Service on Campus

September 20th 2005

Dear Mr. President,

My name is Li Ming. I am a junior from the Civil Engineering School. I venture to write you a letter about the canteen service on campus.


The focus of the complaint is the poor quality and high price of the food. For one thing, the rice is so hard, the steam bread too cold, and the vegetable overcooked. For another, the price of the food is so high that many of us go out to dine. Honestly speaking, the canteen service is a little better than before. But the cooking staff needs to do the cooking more carefully. Besides, the cost needs to be reduced to lower the price.


All in all, there are still much room for improvement. I do hope the service will be much improved very soon. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

(143 words)

Good Luck

2008-11-13 写作技巧与注意事项 melody, hong 四级考试辅导系列讲座...

Documents