2010 __________________________ GAT () (1)

Error Identification GAT O-NET

Error Identification Error Identification Subject-verb Agreement, Verb Tense, Structure Idioms Prefixes and Suffixes Subject-verb Agreement 1 : someone, something, somebody, somewhere, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everyone, everybody, every, each, either, neither, everything 2 : every each Each student and teacher has a book. Every man and woman joins the club. and 3 : The man in addition to his children IS leaving soon. The girl along with her cats LOOKS sad. as well as, together with, in addition to

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4 : and both .................... and A red car and a blue car ARE parked outside. Several, both .................... and, few Both ARE walking on the street. A few HAVE PASSED the exam. Both A few 5 : Scissors, pants, sunglasses, jeans A pair of His pants ARE still at my place. Your thanks ARE fine for me. A pair of pants IS dirty. A word of thanks MAKES me happy. 6 : Neither .................... nor, Either .................... or, Not only .................... but also Neither the students nor the teacher IS allowed to smoke. Not only the nurses but also the doctor IS coming soon. 7 : None, all, some, any majority, most, half prepositional phrase of All of the book HAS BEEN destroyed. All of the books HAVE BEEN destroyed. All of the money IS in the bank. 8 : A number of The number of The number of students IS missing from the class. A number of French major students ARE sleeping in the class. 9 : , , , Two weeks IS enough time for a nice vacation. Twenty gallons of gasoline COSTS a lot of money. Five miles IS a long way to go. 10 : adjective THE The rich ARE on the street. The poor ARE starving to death. 11 : gerund infinitive TO Choosing a good boyfriend IS difficult. To study IS not to learn. 12 : -S mathematics, physics, electronics, economics, statistics, civics measles, mumps, herpes news, ethics, politics, means

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13 : S The New York Times, Star Wars 14 : pronoun class, committee, police, audience, family, faculty The class HAS its final test on Friday. The class ARE working on their individual assignments. The family IS taking a trip to Italy.

GAT O-Net 1. Electronics are one of the most recent and most exciting branches of electrical science which is taught at most 1) 2) 3) 4) universities. : Electronics 12 one of the 1) is 2. Cycling, in addition to hiking, are becoming a popular sport among Thai teenagers. 1) 2) 3) 4) : Cycling gerund in addition to 11 3 2) is becoming 3. One by one, the islands of Hawaii was born from the volcano hot spot that still fires eruptions on the big island. 1) 2) 3) 4) : the islands of Hawaii Hawaii islands preposition of the islands 2) were born 4. Poaching of elephants for ivory and meat remain a serious problem in many Asian countries. 1) 2) 3) 4) : Poaching remain 3) remains

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Verb Tense and forms Error Identification 1 gerund verb -ING Avoid, delay, prevent, postpone, give up, put off, finish, miss, get through, forgive, take up, excuse, resume, enjoy, cannot help, have a good time, resist, have fun, spend time, admit, waste time, deny, be busy, have difficulty, mind, appreciate, suggest, recommend, risk, oppose, discuss, be accustomed to, imagine, be used to, understand, get used to, recall, practice, look forward to 2 gerund verb infinitive TO Prefer, propose, like, intend, love, attempt, cannot bear, threaten, cannot stand, stand, demand, hate, afford, begin, start, continue 3 infinitive TO say, arrange, consent, manage, refuse, wish, learn, hope, seek, deserve, strive, tend, struggle, swear, claim, resolve, seem, fail, appear, offer, wait, volunteer 4 Conditionals If .................... Then clause If Clause Then Clause

PRESENT If she wins the lottery, she will give half the money to charity. ( ) If you study, you will score highly. ( ) PAST If she won the lottery, she would give half the money to charity. ( ) If you studied, you would score highly. ( ) PAST PERFECT If she had won the lottery, she would have given half the money to charity. () If you had studied, you would have scored highly. ()

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5

Someone = To do something = V infinitive TO verb to verb 1 something () Doing something = V gerund ING something () Do something = Verb 1 something () Done = Verb 3

1. I allow/permit someone to do something. = My mom allows me to watch TV. 2. I allow/permit doing something. = I allow listening to songs. 3. I suggest (not) doing something. = The teacher suggest not sleeping in class. 4. I suggest that someone do something. = I suggest that Mary go home. 5. I insist on (not) doing something. = John insists on giving me a ride home. 6. I insist that someone do something. = Jacob insists that Bella break up with me. 7. I take time doing something. = My mom takes time cooking. 8. I spend time doing something. = My dad spends time looking for his watch. 9. I refuse to do something. = Peter refuses to go to my house. 10. I deny doing something. = Jane denies hitting her dog. 11. I admit doing something. = Jimmy admits breaking the window.

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12. I am busy doing something. = I am busy reading books. 13. It is worth doing something. = It is worth taking the risk. 14. Would you mind doing something? = Would you mind pressing the button? 15. I need something done. = My mom needs the dishes washed. 16. I prevent something from doing something else. = The doctor prevents the virus from infecting the patient. 17. I remember doing something. = I remember giving you a card. 18. I remember to do something. = I remember to give you a card. () 19. I stop to do something. = I stop to smoke. () 20. I stop doing something. = I stop smoking. () 21. I stop someone doing something. = I stop my sister to hit the dog. 22. I forget doing something. = I forget locking the door. () 23. I forget to do something. = I forget to lock the door. () 24. I look forward to doing something. = I look forward to seeing you tomorrow. 25. I advise doing something. = I advise taking the exam. 26. I advise someone to do something. = I advise the student to take the exam. 27. I ask someone to do something. = My brother asks me to help him.

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28. I forgive someone for doing something. = I forgive Jim for making a mistake. 29. I have/get something done. = I have my hair cut. 30. I get someone to do something. = I get my dog to run around the house. 31. I help someone to do something. = I help my mom to wash dishes. 32. I help someone do something. = I help my mom wash dishes. 33. I used to do something. = I used to swim. () 34. I am used to/accustomed to doing something. = I am used to swimming. () 35. I make someone do something. = I make him leave me. 36. It is important to do something. = It is important to know English. 37. It is required that someone do something. = It is required that she go to school. 38. I am required to do something. = I am required to attend the conference. 39. I suggest someone do something. = I suggest she go home. 40. I suggest something to someone. = I suggest the movie to her.

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GAT O-Net 1. It is important for understanding that people are not weak or old-fashioned if they experience dissatisfaction caused by 1) 2) 3) 4) change. : 36 1) for understanding to understand 2. It is required that government plays an important role in stopping depressions and recessions in industrialized 1) 2) 3) 4) countries. : 37 1) plays play 3. We hope to move soon, but we havent started look for a new home yet. 1) 2) 3) 4) : start verb ing 3) look looking Parallelism and Idiom List 1 Nouns My sister collects stamps, coins, and cords.

(A, B, and C) Adjectives The wait staff was prompt, friendly, and competent. Modified Nouns A positive attitude can lead to both practical success and spiritual fulfillment. Verbs We worked all day, ate all evening, and slept all night. Verb Infinitives I decided to swim across the river rather than sail around the world. Participial Phrases The rain continued to fall, providing water for the thirsty plants but flooding the streets as well. Adverbs Ive noticed that you often howl angrily after you cower fearfully. Adverbial Phrases Ive noticed that you often howl in anger after you cower in fear.

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2 X Y : I definitely prefer eating ice cream in the summertime to hot dogs. : I definitely prefer eating ice cream to eating hot dogs in the summertime. ( prefer X to Y X = eating ice cream Y = eating hot dogs)

A consequence of A debate over A responsibility to A sequence of Able to X Access to Agree with (person/idea) Agree to (a plan or action) Allow for Appeal to Approve/disapprove of An instance of As a result of As good as As great as As many as As X as to Y Ask X to Y Associate with Attend to Attribute X to Y Based on Be afraid of Believe X to be Y Better served by X than by Y Better than Both X and Y Capable of Center on Claim to be Compare to (similarities) Compare with (differences) Concerned with Conform to Connection between X and Y Consider XY (without to be) Contend that Contrast X with Y Credited with Declare XY Defined as

Demand that Dependent on Depend on whether Depicted as Determined by Differ from Different from Disagree with (person/idea) Discourage from Dispute whether Distinguish between X and Y Distinguish X from Y Doubt that Either X or Y Enable X to Y Encourage X to Y Enough X that Y Estimated to be Except for Expect to Fascinated by Forbid X to Y Identical with In contrast to In danger of Independent from Indifferent towards Insist that Interaction of Isolated from Just as X, so Y Know to do X Less X than Y Likely to be Mandate that Mistake X for Y Modeled after More...than ever More common among X than among Y More X than Y Native to A native of

Neither X nor Y No less than No less was X than was Y Not only X but also Y Not so much X as Y Not X but rather Y Noted that Permit X to Y Persuade X to Y Prefer X to Y Prohibit X from Y Potential to Range from X to Y Rates for (not of) Regard as Requiring that X Y Requiring X to Y Responsible for Resulting in Retroactive to Sacrifice X for Y Seem to indicate Similar to So as not to be hindered by So X as to (be) Y So X as to constitute Y So X that Y Subscribe to Such X as Y and Z Targeted at The more X the greater Y The same to X as to Y To result in To think of X as Y Used as View X as Y Whether to Worried about X enough to Y X instead of Y X is attributed to Y X out of Y (numbers) X regarded as Y

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GAT O-Net 1. John bought himself the lightest, the most recently manufactured, and the less expensive camera in Singapore. 1) 2) 3) 4) : A, B, and C A the lightest B the most recently manufactured C the less expensive C A B the less expensive the least expensive 2. Each night the guard would, first, lock the gates, then turn on the lights and walking around the factory. 1) 2) 3) 4) : A, B, and C A lock the gates B turn on the lights C walking around the factory C verb ing walk around the factory 3. The more hardly his father tried to force him to study, the lazier Jimmy became. 1) 2) 3) 4) : The more X, the greater Y X Y X more hardly hardly adverb adjective Y the lazier adjective -er more hardly harder

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Prefixes and Suffixes Prefixes Suffixes Prefixes Suffixes

anti- = eg. antinuclear

pre- = eg. prejudge

bi- = eg. bilingual

pro- = , eg. pro-American

co- = , eg. cooperation

re- = , eg. rearrange

de- = , eg. decomposition

semi- = eg. semicircle

ex- = , , sub- = , eg. subconscious

inter- = eg. intermediate

super- = eg. supernatural

mono- = eg. monolingual

trans- = eg. transatlantic

non- = eg. non-stop

tri- = eg. tricycle

over- = eg. overeat

under- = eg. underestimate

post- = eg. postgraduate

uni- = eg. unicycle un- eg. unbelievable im- eg. impossible mal- eg. malfunction ir- (before r) eg. irreesistible il- (before l) eg. illegal in- eg. incompetent

Prefixes

Prefixes

dis- eg. disagree

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-ee (with passive meaning) eg. employee -less = without eg. careless

-er (with active meaning) eg. employer -proof = safe against eg. waterproof

-ful a) = with eg. careful b) indicates quantity eg. spoonful

-ish a) with the quality of eg. childish b) rathe eg. smallish -ar eg. lie liar -er eg. rob robber -or eg. create creator -ist eg. type typist

Suffixes

-ian eg. music - musician

-age eg. break breakage -ment eg. amuse ausement -al eg. propose proposal -sion

eg. suspend suspension -ance eg. annoy annoyance -sis eg. analyse analysis -ation eg. organise organisation -tion eg. direct direction -ence eg. prefer preference -y eg. perjure - perjury

-ion eg. confuse - confusion -ance eg. tolerant tolerance -ity eg. popular popularity -cy eg. fluent fluency -ment

eg. contentn contentment -ence eg. obedient obedience -ty eg. royal royalty -ion eg. desperate desperation -y eg. honest - honesty

-iness eg. happy - happiness

-able eg. bear - bearable -ive eg. decide decisive

-en eg. dark darken fright frighten -ify eg. beauty beautify -ize eg. organ - organize

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Error Identification GAT O-NET

Error Identification 1 :

Subject + Predicate () Subject + Verb. = I smile. Subject + Verb + Object. = I love you. Subject + Verb + indirect object + direct object = I give you my heart. Subject + Verb* + Complement = I am a teacher, I am cute. Subject + Verb + Object + Complement = I find it difficult. *Verb Verb to be linking verb Verb action verb eat, sleep, cry

coordinating conjunctions coordinators : Jacob smiles, but Bella winks her eyes. Jacob gives Bella his heart, for he loves her so much. FANBOYS FANBOYS conjunctive adverbs FANBOYS

Jacob smiles. Jacob loves Bella. Jacob gives Bella his heart. Jacob is cute. *

Bella winks her eyes. Bella loves Edward. Jacob loves her so much. Bella does not like him. *

Coordinators FANBOYS ,for () ,and () ,nor () ,but () ,or () ,yet () ,so () * comma

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Conjunctive adverbs FANBOYS Accordingly, consequently, hence, subsequently, then, therefore, thus Moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, plus, besides However, nevertheless, nonetheless, conversely

So

And

But coordinating conjunction subordinating conjunction relative clause : Jacob smiles after Bella winks her eyes. Jacob gives Bella his heart since he loves her so much. Jacob smiles. () After Bella winks her eyes. ( )

1. UNICEF reports that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other circumstances that are easy

1) 2) 3) 4) preventable.

that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other circumstances that are easy preventable. reports

Jacob smiles. Jacob loves Bella. Jacob gives Bella his heart. Jacob is cute. *

Bella winks her eyes. Bella loves Edward. Jacob loves her so much. Bella does not like him. *

Subordinators After, even though, though, although, if, in order than, unless, as, because, before, even if, once, since, so that, rather than, until, when, while, whereas that, which, whose, why

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1. .................... Subject ................................................................................................ complement or object .................... . 2. .................... Subject ................................................ , coordinator .................... Subject ................................................ . subordinator 3. Subordinator .................... Subject ............................................... , .................... Subject ................................................ . 1 reports UNICEF 2 : NOUN Modifier parts of speech prefixes and suffixes 1. UNICEF reports that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other 1) 2) 3) circumstances that are easy preventable. 4) * die are UNICEF (), children (), diseases () circumstances ( suffix ance)

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3 : Modifier (Pre-noun Modifier) - Adjective : pink, red, yellow, green : Thai, Chinese, English, London : big, small, large, tiny, minute, giant : ugly, clever, beautiful, lazy : glass, plastic, paper, wood : Apostrophe s , my, his, her, their : numbers, e.g., twenty, third, three - Noun adjective A school bag , A phone card A silk dress , A book shelf - Ving and Ved (V3) Ving ing adjective Ving 1. 2. A washing machine () A sleeping pill () A sleeping bag () A sleeping beauty () A barking dog Ved (V3) 3 adjective Ved (V3) A washed dish () A barked man A cut tree

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(Post-noun Modifier) - Adjective Clause (Relative Clause) adjective clause relative pronouns that, which, where, when, why, how, whose : Jacob, who is an actor, loves to swim. loves Jacob - Adjective Phrase phrase relative pronouns adjective adjective adjective adjective phrase Jacob, happy and calm, enjoys swimming in the sea. happy and delighted Jacob adjective adjective phrase - Verbal Phrase Ving and Ved (V3) Jacob, smiling to his fans, waves his hands. waves smiling to his fans Jacob smiling ing Jacob smile Jacob, nominated the best actor, waves his hands. nominated the best actor Jacob ed nominate V3 Jacob V3 - Prepositional Phrase Jacob sees a girl under a tree. Jacob under a tree girl 1. UNICEF reports that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other 1) 2) 3) circumstances that are easy preventable. 4) children 28,000 weakened diseases circumstances that are easy preventable.

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4 : 1. UNICEF reports that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other 1) 2) 3) circumstances that are easy preventable. 4) 1) : adjective Ved (V3) children 28,000 pre-noun modifier 2) : from preposition from die from preposition (die from ) 3) : other circumstances pre-noun modifier other + 4) : easy part of speech adjective Verb to be are Verb to be adjective 5 : 1. UNICEF reports that 28,000 weakened children die from diseases and other 1) 2) 3) circumstances that are easy preventable. 4) 1) : adjective Ved (V3) children 28,000 pre-noun modifier weakened (INCORRECT) 2) : from preposition from die from preposition (die from ) (INCORRECT) 3) : other circumstances pre-noun modifier other + (INCORRECT) 4) : easy part of speech adjective Verb to be are Verb to be adjective preventable prefixes and suffixes able adjective adjective adverb easy easy adjective adverb easily (CORRECT)

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Error Identification 1. She wears a black baseball cap reads SECURITY and a bulletproof vest but travels unarmed, partly for liability 1) 2) 3) 4) reasons. 2. The supervisor decided his depressed employees, bored by their routine, needed stimulated incentives. 1) 2) 3) 4) 3. The satisfying patrons, returning for the third time to the restaurant, were surprised to find a newly hired chef. 1) 2) 3) 4) 4. In 1947, Countee Cullens own selections of his best work had collected and published. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5. The highway systems in the United States are characterized by tollway patterns that are accessibility, relatively 1) 2) 3) 4) safe, and fast. 6. By printing a health warning on all cigarette packages, the U.S. hopes to reduce the the number of smoked people. 1) 2) 3) 4) 7. Scientists have found that the saliva of the octopus contains a substance that functions like a heart stimulate. 1) 2) 3) 4) 8. Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation, and generate electricity for the surrounded area. 1) 2) 3) 4) 9. A number of university students have entered the world of social networking sites that includes Facebook and Hi5 1) 2) 3) portals. 4) 10. With its vast land area and geographic variety, the United States cover several climate zones, ranging from humid 1) 2) 3) 4) continental areas in the north to humid subtropical areas.

1. 1) 2. 4) 3. 1) 4. 3) 5. 4) 6. 4) 7. 4) 8. 4) 9. 3) 10. 3)