2014 pv distribution system modeling workshop: ca rule 21 update: tom bialek, sempra energy
DESCRIPTION
2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop CA Rule 21 Update: Tom Bialek, Sempra EnergyTRANSCRIPT
CPUC Rule 21 Update
Thomas Bialek, PhD PE Chief Engineer
2
PV Intermittency Mitigation Based Upon Modeling with Smart Inverters
With and without dynamic VAr device
With and without energy storage
With and without storage and 4 quadrant control
Red = With Blue = Without
P
Q
-Q
-P
CES PV Smoothing Operation
3
• Units capable of smoothing intermittency caused by fluctuating power output
• Operational variables can be user-defined i.e. Ramp rate control, time constant
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1:55 PM 2:09 PM 2:24 PM 2:38 PM 2:52 PM 3:07 PM 3:21 PM 3:36 PM
Po
we
r(kW
)
Red Line Blue Line
0 300 600 900 1200275
275.5
276
276.5
277
277.5
278
278.5
279
279.5
Vo
lta
ge
(V
olts)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-50
-100
-150
-200
Re
al o
r R
ea
ctiv
e P
ow
er
(kW
or
kVA
r)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
0
Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e Power
Installed Dynamic VAr Device
720 780 840 900 960
275.5
276
276.5
277
277.5
278
278.5
279
Vo
lta
ge
(V
olts)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-50
-100
-150
-200
Re
al o
r R
ea
ctive
Po
we
r (k
W o
r kV
Ar)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
0
Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e PowerDVAr Off
DVAr Off
5
PV with Smart Inverter
6
PV with Smart Inverter
7
Smart Inverter Working Group
8
Smart Inverter Working Group
9
Smart Inverter Working Group
10
Smart Inverter Working Group
11
PV with Smart Inverter
12
WEIL Signatory Page
Voltage Regulation Smart Inverters Illustrative Example
• Operating at different power
factor affects voltage
magnitude
• Large Gen at end of a line
• For an illustrative example
operating at a 0.7 power
factor can have 2 times the
generator rating as one
generator operating at unity
power factor while maintaining
the same voltage
• $1M for 2 MVA dynamic VAr
device
• $3M for 500 kW, 1500 kW
battery
• $1M/mile for re-conductoring
Summary
• Diversity of load increases moving to the system level
• System was designed to accommodate one way power flow
- Voltage regulation impacted by loading and DG
• PV and PEV have significant impact on the grid
- New approaches are required to mitigate intermittency
- NEM customers do not pay
- “Smart” inverters are a necessary tool to traditional alternatives
- Need to change PUC and Rules
- Storage provides maximum flexibility
- Can operate as a generator or a load at any power factor
