2015 H-tŒm-_¿- 18Rm-b¿-

-co-c-Øn-s‚- C-f-In-bm-́ -Øn-\-∏p-dw- a-\-kn-s‚-e-b-\-am-Wv- kw-Ko-X-Øn-eq-sS- km-[y-am-Ip-∂-

Xv.- H-cp- Km-\w- a-\- n-s\- ]n-Sn-®n-cp-Øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬-A-hn-sS- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv- a-\-kpw- kw-Ko-X-hpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- Xm-Zm-Xv-ayw- {]m-]n-°-em-Wv.- B- A-h-ÿ-A-dn-bm-sX-sb-¶n-epw- \-Ωp-sS- i-co-c-tØ-bpw- im-co-cn-Im-h-ÿ-tb-bpw- kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.- A-sX,- \n-߃- A-dn-bm-sX-X-s∂- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bv-°v- hn-t[-b-cm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-sb-s¥-∂pw- A-Xn-s‚- {]m-[m-\y-sa-s¥-∂pw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- A-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬- C-Xv- \-ho-\-am-b- H-∂-√.- A-Xn-]p-cm-X-\-Im-ew- ap-X¬-t°- `m-c-X-Øn¬- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂- H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- C-Xv.- Im-ew-I-S-∂p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ- \-ap-°n-Xv- ssI-tam-iw- h-∂p-sh-∂v- am-{Xw.- B-[p-\n-I- ssh-Zy-im-kv-{Xw- t]m-epw- C-∂v- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂- kw-Ko-X-Øn-s‚- A-\-¥-km-[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®v,- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-Øp-I-bm-Wv- kw-Ko-X-⁄- kv-an-X- ]n-jm-c-Sn.- kw-Ko-Xw- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- h-cp-Øp-∂-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v,- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bp-sS-B-Zn-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn-®v- kv-an-X- ]-d-bp-∂p...-

{]-]-©-Øn¬- B-Zyw- ap-g-ßn-t°-́ Xv- Hm-¶m-c- \m-ZamWv. B- {]-W-h- a-{¥-Øn¬- Xp-S-ßn-b- i-–-{]-hm-l-Øn-s‚- G-‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ- Xo¿-°p-∂- A-¤p-X-tem-Iw- `m-c-Xo-b-\p- ap-∂n¬- F-t∂- Xp-d-∂n-cp-∂p.-A-h¿- A-Xn-s‚- km-[y-X-I-fn-eq-sS- th-Z-Im-ew- ap-X¬- I-S-∂p-t]m-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- `m-c-X-Øn¬-B-Zy- i-kv-{X-{In-b- \-S-Øn-b- kp-{ip-X≥,- th-Z-a-{¥-߃- tI-́ p-sIm-≠m-Wv- i-kv-{X-{In-b- \-S-Øn-b-sX-∂v- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’- kw-Ko-Xw- A-dn-bp-∂-h¿-°v- am-{Xw- F-∂m-Wv- s]m-Xp-sh-bp-≈- [m-c-W.- C-Xv- ssh-Zyw- ]-Tn-®-h-cn¬- am-{X-ta- a-cp-∂v- -̂e-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bp-t≈m- F-∂v- tNm-Zn-°pw-t]m-se-bm-sW-∂v- kv-an-X.- B-kz-Zn-°m≥- a-\- p-≈- B-cn-epw- a-t‰-sXm-cp- Nn-In-’-tb-bpw- t]m-se- ayq-kn-Iv- sX-dm-∏n-bpw- -̂ew- \¬-Ipw.-

kw-Ko-X-hpw- im-kv-{X-hpw-

tI-h-ew- I¿-W-]p-S-Øn-se-Øn- B-\-µ-Øn-s‚- ]-c-tIm-Sn-bn¬- F-Øn-°p-∂- H-∂p-am-{X-a-√- kw-Ko-Xw.-A-dn-bpw- tXm-dpw- B-g-hpw- ]-c-∏p-ap-≈-Xm-W-Xv.- kz-c-߃-°v- cm-K-kz-̀ m-hw- \¬-In- G-‰-°p-d-®n-ep-I-tfm-sS- B-e-]n-°p-tºmƒ- a-\- p-I-sf- A-sX-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂-Xv.- B-tcm- H-cmƒ- ]m-Sp-∂-Xp-tI-´v- A-Xn¬- e-bn-°m≥- am-{Xw- F-¥p- i-‡n-bm-Wv-kw-Ko-X-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.- B- A-t\z-j-W-am-Wv- kw-Ko-X-hpw- im-kv-{X-hpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-‘-Øn-te-°v- hn-c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-Xv.- A-Xp- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xm-h-s -́ C-t∂m- C-∂-se-tbm- A-√.- ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d- ]u-cm-Wn-I-am-b- B-Nn-¥m-[m-c-sb- s]m-Sn-X-́ n-sb-Sp-°m≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- C-t∏m-gm-sW-∂v- am-{Xw.- kv-an-X-bp-sS- hm-°p-I-fn-te-°v...-

i-–w- F-∂-Xv- Du¿-P-am-Wv.- Cu- i-–-ho-Nn-Iƒ-hm-bp-hn-eq-sS- k-©-cn-®v- Im-Xp-I-fn-se-Øn- X-e-t®m-dv- A-Xn-s\- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂p.- i-–w- hm-bp-hn-te-Xn-t\-°mƒ- th-K-X-bn¬- P-e-Øn-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-sa-∂v- im-kv-{Xw- X-s∂- I-s≠-Øn-bn-́ p-≠v.- i-co-c-Øn¬-70 i-X-am-\-tØm-fw- P-e-am-sW-∂n-cn-s°- Cu- i-–-ho-Nn-I-sf- th-K-Øn¬- kzmw-io-I-cn-°p-hm≥- i-co-c-Øn-\v- km-[n-°p-∂p.- A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬- tcm-K-tØ-tbm- tcm-Km-h-ÿ-tb-tbm- A-Xn-Po-hn-°m≥- kw-Ko-X-Øn-eq-sS- km-[n-°pw.-

N-cn-{Xw-

kw-Ko-X-Øn-s‚- N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®pw- hy-‡-am-b-[m-c-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- kv-an-X- X-s‚- I¿-a- a-fi-e-Øn¬- k-Po-h-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- B-bp¿-th-Z- {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-b-N-c-I-kw-ln-X,- kp-{ip-X- kw-ln-X- F-∂n-h-bn-sem-s°- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- H-cp- Nn-In-’m-co-Xn-bm-Wv- ssZ-h- hy-]m-{i-b- Nn-In-’.- C-sXm-cp- F-\¿-Pn- lo-en-Mm-Wv.- I¿-Wm-S-I- kw-Ko-X-Øn¬- {Xn-aq¿-Øn-I-fm-bn- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Xym-K-cm-P- kzm-an-Iƒ,- iym-a-im-kv-{Xn-Iƒ,- ap-Øp-kzm-an- Zo-£n-X¿- F-∂n-h¿- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’- -̂e-{]-Z-am-bn- ]-co-£n-®n-´p-≈-h-cp-am-Wv.- kw-Ko-X-Øn¬- Hm-tcm- cm-K-Øn-\pw- Hm-tcm- {]-tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- ta-L-a¬-lm¿-cm-Kw- ]m-Sn- a-g-s]-øn-

°p-∂-Xpw- \o-emw-_-cn- tI-´m¬- Ip-™p-d-ßp-∂-Xp-sa-√mw- B- k-hn-ti-j-X-sIm-≠m-Wv.- A-ß-s\- _n-e-l-cn- cm-K-Øn-ep-≈- \m- Po-h- [-c- F-∂- Io¿-Ø-\m-em-]-\-Øn-eq-sS- Xym-K-cm-P-kzm-an-Iƒ,- a-cn-®p-t]m-sbm-cm-sf- Xn-cn-sI- Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°p- sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xn-\pw- Im-ew- km-£n-bm-Wv.- \-h-{K-l-tZm-jw- am-dp-∂-Xn-\m-bn- ap-Øp-kzm-an- Zo-£n-X¿- c-Nn-®- \-h-{K-l-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬- Hm-tcm- {K-l-Øn-t‚-bpw- tZm-jw- am-dp-∂-Xn-≈- Io¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.-

kw-Ko-X-c-Xv-\m-I-cw,- \m-c-Zo-b- in-£,- kw-Ko-X-]m-cn-Pm-Xw- Xp-S-ßn-b- {K-Ÿ-ß-fn-sem-s°- cm-K-ß-fpw-C-h- ]m-tS-≠- k-a-bw- kw-_-‘n-®pw- cm-K-tZ-h-Xm-[ym-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-sa-√mw- hn-i-Z-am-bn- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂p-≠v.- B-bp¿-th-Z- Nn-In-’-I≥- Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂- km-cw-K-tZ-h-s‚- kw-Ko-X- c-Xv-\m-I-c-Øn-em-Wv- k-]v-X-kz-c-ß-fpw- i-co-c- `m-K-ß-fpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- kz-c-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

kw-Ko-X-Øn-s‚- {]m-[m-\yw-

kw-Ko-Xw- B-Nm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fp-am-bn- A-t -̀Zy-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.- t£-{X-ß-fp-sS- Im-cyw- F-Sp-Øm¬- A-hn-sS- F-t∏m-gpw- \m-Z-a-b-am-Wv.- a-Wn-\m-Z-am-bpw- iw-J-\m-Z-am-bpw- hm-tZym-]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sS- \m-Z-am-bp-sa-√m-sam-cp- t]m-kn-‰o-hv- F-\¿-Pn-bm-Wv- t£-{X-Øn-\p-Np-‰pw- {]-k-cn-°p-I.- Iq-Sm-sX- Xm-f-hm-Zy-߃-°v- \m-Uo-hyq-l- tI-{µ-ß-sf- D-tØ-Pn-∏n-°m≥-km-[n-°pw.- in-iq¿- th-Øn,- ]-iq¿-th-Øn- kw-Ko-Xw- ^-Wo-:- {]-]-©-Øn-se- F-√m- kr-„n-Iƒ-°pw-A-\p-̀ -h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv- kw-Ko-Xw.- in-ip-°ƒ- ap-X¬- ar-K-߃- ap-X¬- D-c-K-߃- h-sc- kw-Ko-X-Øn¬-e-bn-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv- C-Xp-sIm-≠v- A¿-∞-am-°p-∂-Xv.-

kw-Ko-X-Nn-In-’- F-∂-Xv- kw-Ko-Xw- A-dn-bm-hp-∂-B¿-°pw- sN-øm-hp-∂- H-∂-√.- H-cp- km-[m-c-W- tUm-Œ¿- A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-F-√m-Im-cy-ß-fpw-C-h-cpw- A-dn-™n -c n -° -Ww.- Im-c-Ww- C-S-s ] - t S -

≠-Xv- A-kp-J-ß-fp-am-bn-́ m-Wv.- A-\m-́ -an-bpw- ^n-kn-tbm-f-Pn-bpw- ssk-t°m-f-Pn-bpw- F-√mw- A-dn-™n-cn-°-Ww.- kw-Ko-Xw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- A-kp-Jw- am-‰p-∂-sX-∂v- B-Zyw- ap-∂n-se-Øp-∂- tcm-Kn-sb- [-cn-∏n-°-Ww.- A-kp-Jw- I-s≠-Øn- A-Xn-\v- {]-tXy-Iw- a-cp-∂v- \n¿-t±-in-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bm-Wv- kw-Ko-X-Nn-In-’-bpw.- C-hn-sS- cm-K-ß-fm-Wv- B- Hu-j-[w.-k-t¥m-j-hpw- Zpx-J-hpw- B-Àm-Z-hp-sa-√mw- \¬-Im≥-Hm-tcm- cm-K-߃-°pw- i-‡n-bp-≠v.- k-t¥m-j-hpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- Zp-J-hp-sa-√mw- a-\-jy-i-co-c-Øn-se- tlm¿-tam-Wp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.- a-\-kv- kz-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂m¬-Ø-s∂- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\w- \-S-Øm≥- i-co-c-Øn-\v- km-[n-°pw.- A-√m-sX- h-cp-tºm-gm-Wv- tcm-K-߃- ]-e-Xpw- i-co-c-sØ- I-S-∂m-{I-an-°p-I.- a-\-kn-\v- kzm-ÿyw- \¬-In- k-t¥m-jm-h-ÿ-{]-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m-Wv- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’.-

C-Ø-c-Øn¬- hy-Xy-kv-X- tcm-K-߃-°v- X-s‚- kw-Ko-X-Øn-eq-sS- ku-Jyw- \¬-In-b- A-\p-`-hw- G-sd-]-d-bm-\p-≠v- kv-an-X-bv-°v.- G-Xm-\pw- am-k-߃-°v- ap-ºv- kq-cy-Im-e-Sn-a-\-bn¬- Im≥-k¿- tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°m-bn-\-S-Øn-b- lo-en-Mv- sX-dm-∏n-bp-sS- Iq-sS- ayq-kn-Iv- sX-dm-∏n-bpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.- Im≥-k¿- tcm-Kn-I-fp-sS- kv-s{S-kv- Ip-d-bv-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bp-sS- e-£yw.- tcm-Kw- i-co-c-Øn-ep-≠v- F-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xp-h-sc- B-tcm-Ky-hm-

\m-bn- \-S-∂- H-cmƒ,- tcm-K-hn-h-cw- A-dn-bp-∂-tXm-sS-A-bm-fp-sS- i-co-c-Øn¬- B-sI- am-‰w- kw-`-hn-°p-∂p.- Xm-s\m-cp- tcm-Kn-bm-sW-∂- Nn-¥- a-\- n-t\-bpw-]n-s∂- i-co-c-tØ-bpw- X-f¿-Øp-∂p.- B- A-h-ÿ-bn¬- G-sXm-s°- a-cp-∂v- sN-bv-Xm-epw- -̂ew- I-t≠-°n-√.- a-\-kn-\v- kz-ÿ-X- \¬-In,- tcm-K-tØm-Sv- t]m-cm-Sm≥- X-\n-°v- I-gn-bp-sa-∂- B-fl-hn-izm-kw- tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°v- \¬-Ip-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- A-∂v- kv-an-X-bp-sS- I¿-Ø-hyw.-

sk-dn-{_¬- ]mƒ-kn- _m-[n-®- H-cp- Ip-´n-bv-°pw-kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bn-eq-sS- Im-cy-am-b- ]p-tcm-K-Xn- \¬-Im≥- X-\n-°v- I-gn-™-Xm-bpw- kv-an-X- Hm¿-°p-∂p.-A¬-jn-ta-gv-kv- tcm-Kn-Iƒ-°pw- C-Xv- G-sd- {]-tbm-P-\-I-c-am-sW-∂m-Wv- kv-an-X- X-s‚- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bp-sS- A-\p-̀ -h-Øn¬- \n-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- \-Ωp-sS-ayq-kn-°¬- sa-Ω-dn-sb-∂-Xv- X-e-t®m-dn-se- s]¿-a-\-‚ v- sa-Ω-dn-bp-am-bn-´m-Wv- _-‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Ip-´n-°m-e-sØ- Hm¿-a-I-fpw- A-∂v- B-kz-Zn-®- ]m-́ p-I-fpw- Hm¿-a-bn¬- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xpw- C-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.-kw-Ko-X-Nn-In-’-bn¬- hy-‡n-I-fp-sS- C-„-߃-°p-ap-≠v- {]m-[m-\y-sa-∂v- kv-an-X.-

B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-se- \m-ep-Np-h-cp-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- In-S-∂v- ho¿-∏p-ap-´n- hn-c-k-X- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-

h¿-°v- A-Xn¬- \n-s∂m-cp- tam-N-\-hpw- B-izm-k-hp-am-Wv- kw-Ko-Xw-

\¬-Ip-∂-Xv.- Nn-cn-°p-∂- ap-J-ß-fm-Wv- kw-Ko-X-Nn-In-’m-sk-j-\p-I-fn¬- Im-Wm≥-km-[n-°p-∂-sX-∂v- kv-an-X- ]-d-bp-∂p.- Np-cp-ßn-b-Xv- 40 an-\n-́ m-Wv- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’m- sk-j-\p-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-I.- G-Xv- k-a-b-Øv- Km-\w-tIƒ-°-Ww,- F-{X- Zn-h-kw- tIƒ-°-Ww- F-∂-sX-√mw- \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv- tcm-K-Øn-s‚- kz-

`m -h-a -\p -k-cn -®m -bn -cn -°pw.- D-]-t_m-[-a-\- n-s\-

t]m-epw- kzm-[o-\n-°m-\p-≈-I-gn-hp-≠v- kw-Ko-X-Øn-\v.- ]m-›m-

Xy- \m-Sp-I-fn¬- Hm-∏-td-j-\p-Iƒ-kw-Ko-X-Øn-s‚- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬- \-S-

Øp-∂- B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fp-≠v.- F-∂m¬- `m-c-X-Øn¬- C-Xn-\v- kzo-Im-cy-X- In-́ n-bn-́ n-√.-

kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-bp-sS- {]m-[m-\yw- hn-tZ-in-b¿- h¿-j-߃-°p-ap-t∂- a-\-kn-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p- 1952 ¬- A-ta-cn-°-bn¬- A-ta-cn-

°≥- ayq-kn-Iv- sX-dm-∏n- A-tkm-kn-tb-j≥-cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b-Xv- C-Xn-s‚- {]m-[m-\y-Øn-te-°m-

Wv- hn-c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-Xv.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Hm-tcm- B-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ- tI-{µo-I-cn-®pw- kw-Ko-X- Nn-In-’-

°v- ku-I-cyw- H-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-∂pw-kv-an-X- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-

]m-›m-Xy- kw-Ko-X-tØ-°mƒ- hn-im-e-am-Wv- `m-c-Xo-b- kw-Ko-X- im-J.- 72 ta-f-I¿-Øm-cm-K-ß-fm-epw-\n-c-h-[n- P-\y-cm-K-ß-fm-epw- k-º-∂-am-Wv- C-hn-Sp-sØ-kw-Ko-X- ]-≤-Xn.- Cu- cm-K-߃- kz-c-ip-≤n-tbm-sS-cm-K-e-£-W-tØm-sS- ]m-Sp-tºmƒ- Kp-W-{]-Zm-a-b- H-́ -\-h-[n- am-‰-ß-fm-Wv- i-co-c-Øn¬- \-S-°p-I.- tlm¿-tam-¨- cq-]m-¥-c-ß-fpw- C-Xn-eq-sS- kw-`-hn-°p-∂p.-

i

hn-\o-X- th-Wm-́ v-

ti-jw- t]-Pv- 3˛¬-

I-e-sb-D-]m-kn-°p-∂-h¿-°v-

\-h-cm-{Xn-sb-∂-Xv- ]p-Wyw-\n-d-bp-∂- Im-e-am-Wv.- kw-Ko-X,-

\r-Ø,- hm-Zy-ta-f-ß-fm¬--̀‡n-bpw- I-e-bpw- k-tΩ-fn-°p-∂-H-º-Xv- Zn-\-߃.- I-e- tI-h-ew-hn-t\m-Z-Øn-\v- am-{X-a-s√-∂pw-

Po-hn-X-Øn¬-Ø-s∂-]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w- h-cp-Øm≥-i-‡n-bp-s≠-∂pw- C-∂v-

Xn-cn-®-dn-b-s∏-́ p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p...-

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