1

2

laj{kd dk lans'k

fdlh Hkh Lora= jk’Vª ds fy, ftruk egRo mlds jk’Vªh; /ot] jk’Vª xku vkSj jk’Vªh; fpg~u dk gksrk gS( mruk gh egRo mldh Hkk’kk dk Hkh gksrk gSA fganh dk egRo jk’Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh ds bl dFku ls Hkh Li’V gksrk gS tgk¡ mUgksaus dgk gS fd ^^fganh dk iz”u esjs fy, ns”k dh vktknh dk iz”u gSA** fganh ls mudk vfHkizk; fdlh {ks=] izkar] oxZ ;k tkfr fo”ks’k dh Hkk’kk u gksdj laiw.kZ jk’Vª dh vfHkO;fDr ds ek/;e ds :i esa cgqla[;d oxZ }kjk cksyh] le>h vkSj fy[kh tkus okyh fganh Hkk’kk ls Fkk vkSj ns”k dh ,drk&v[kaMrk esa ftldh ,sfrgkfld Hkwfedk FkhA fganh u dsoy jk’Vªh; vfLerk vkSj igpku dh Hkk’kk gS cfYd gekjs Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh vkLFkk] fo”okl vkSj eqfDr dh ok.kh Hkh gSA blesa ns”k dh lHkh Hkk’kkvksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksa dks lkFk ysdj vkxs c<+us dh vn~Hkqr {kerk gSA vkt fganh vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij laokn dk ek/;e rks cu pqdh gS fdarq dk;kZy;ksa ds dkedkt dh Hkk’kk ds :i esa viuk okLrfod LFkku izkIr dj lds] ge lHkh dk ;gh iz;kl gksuk pkfg,A gekjs lafo/kku dh Hkh ;gh ewy Hkkouk gS fd yksdra= dk fodkl vkSj iz”kklu esa ikjnf”kZrk ds fy, jkt&dkt ds lHkh Lrjksa ij fganh dks viuk;k tk,A vkt ns”k dh vkfFkZd&lkekftd izxfr ds QyLo:i varjjk’Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh Hkkjr dh vkokt+ lquh tk jgh gSA gekjs ekuuh; iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz eksnh th us varjjk’Vªh; eapksa ls fganh esa oDrO; nsdj fganh dk lEeku c<+k;k gSA gesa bldk vuqlj.k djuk pkfg, vkSj vius nSfud dk;ksZsa esa fganh dk vf/kdre iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A bl fn”kk esa gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ls izdkf”kr if=dk ân;axe vki dh l`tukRed vfHkO;fDr dk ,d l”kDr ek/;e cu ldrh gSA

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ns”k dh ÅtkZ {kerk dks lEiUu cukus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA eSa vk”kk djrk gw¡ fd vkids }kjk gkbMªksdkcZu {ks= ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij fganh esa fy[ks x, ys[k tulk/kkj.k rd igaqpsaxs vkSj yksxksa dks egkfuns”kky; dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh feysxh rFkk blls rduhdh {ks= esa fganh esa ekSfyd ys[ku dh ,d ubZ ijiajk fodflr gksxhA

¼vruq pØorhZ½egkfuns”kd

3

mi laj{kd dk lans'k

ân;axe dk f}rh; vad vki lHkh dks lefiZr djrs gq, eq>s gkfnZd izlUUrk gks jgh gSA gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ds dkfeZdksa dh l`tukRedrk dh vfHkO;fDr vkSj fganh fy[kus dh vfHk:fp dks eap iznku djuk gh bl if=dk dk izkFkfed mn~ns”; gSA esjk fo”okl gS fd gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ds dkfeZd viuh dfork] dgkuh] laLej.k rFkk ys[k vkfn ds ek/;e ls lkfgfR;d laLdkjksa dks tkx`r djsaxs rFkk vius fopkjksa dks viuh ekr`Hkk’kk fganh ds ek/;e ls eq[kj vfHkO;fDr nsaxsA izlUurk dk fo’k; gS fd gkbMªksdkcZu ds fofo/k {ks=ksa esa dk;Z djus okys gekjs fo”ks’kK fganh Hkk’kh vf/kdkjh if=dk esa vius rduhdh ys[kksa ds ek/;e ls fganh Hkk’kk dks le`+) dj jgs gSa vkSj gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; dh dk;Ziz.kkyh vkSj fo”ks’kKrk dks ikBdksa rd igq¡pk jgs gSaA esjk vuqjks/k gS fd vkSj vf/kd la[;k esa lHkh dkfeZd bl iz;kl esa viuk ;ksxnku djsaA

Hkk’kk dk Hkfo’; ns”k vkSj lekt ds Hkfo’; ds lkFk tqM+k gksrk gSA Hkk’kk dsoy v/;;u&v/;kiu ds fy, gh ugha gksrh cfYd lekt ds lHkh oxksZa vFkkZr Hknzyksd vkSj tulkekU; dks tkx:d djus ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA Hkk’kk dk loky jk’Vªh;rk ds lkFk Hkh tqM+k gksrk gSA fganh esa ckr djus ek= ls gh gekjh igpku ,d Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds rkSj ij gks tkrh gSA

orZeku esa cgqr lh fof”k’V rduhdh tkudkjh fganh esa miyC/k ugha gSA bl Kku ds ek/;e ls fganh dks l{ke cuk dj gh ge jk’Vªh; rFkk varjjk’Vªh; Lrj ij ns”k dks lEeku fnyok ldrs gSaA bl fn”kk esa ân;axe if=dk Hkh ,d NksVk lk iz;kl gSA eq>s iw.kZ fo”okl gS fd vkus okys le; esa bl if=dk dk Lrj mÙkjksrj fodflr gksxk vkSj Hkkjrh; gkbMªksdkcZu {ks= ds m|eksa esa viuh visf{kr igpku cukus esa lQy gksxkA

lQyrk dh “kqHkdkeukvksa lfgrA

¼egsanz izrki½mi egkfuns”kd

4

vkHkkj

fiNys o’kZ ân;axe ds izos”kkad ds izdk”ku ds lkFk gh gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ds dkfeZdksa dh l`tukRed vfHkO;fDr ls gekjk ifjp; gqvk FkkA ân;axe dk nwljk vad izLrqr djrs gq, eq>s gkfnZd izlUurk gks jgh gSA bl vad esa vki lHkh us vius vuqHkoksa dks lk>k fd;k gS tks lelkef;d fo’k;ksa ls ysdj thou ds fofo/k igyqvksa dh >kadh izLrqr djrs gSaA

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky;] isVªksfy;e vkSj izkÑfrd xSl ea=ky; ds varxZr dk;Zjr ,d egRoiw.kZ laLFkku gSA ;gk¡ gkbMªksdkcZu vUos’k.k rFkk mRiknu ls tqM+h lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lapkyu fd;k tkrk gSA ijaijkxr gkbMªksdkCkZu vUos’k.k rFkk mRiknu ds vfrfjDr oSdfYid ÅtkZ lzksrksa dh [kkst ds {ks= esa Hkh egkfuns”kky; egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA dksy csM ehFksu] xSl gkbMªsVl vkSj “ksy xSl ds u, {ks=ksa esa Hkh blus dne c<+k, gSaA bl laca/k esa ikBdksa dh tkudkjh ds fy, if=dk esa ys[k izdkf”kr fd, tk jgs gSaA ns”k esa ÅtkZ mRiknu ds {ks= esa fd, tk jgs dk;ksZa ds vfrfjDr Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lkSais x, jktHkk’kk uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u tSls nkf;Roksa dk fuoZgu Hkh egkfuns”kky; iwjh fu’Bk ds lkFk djrk jgk gSA

jktHkk’kk foHkkx] x`g ea=ky; dk Li’V funsZ”k gS fd ljdkjh laxBuksa }kjk if=dkvksa esa foHkkxksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh ls lacaf/kr fo’k;ksa ij Hkh fganh esa ys[k izdkf”kr fd, tkus pkfga,A blh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, if=dk ds bl vad esa lkfgfR;d jpukvksa ds vfrfjDr dqNsd rduhdh ys[k Hkh fganh esa izdkf”kr fd, x, gSaA blls u dsoy jktHkk’kk fganh ds laoS/kkfud nkf;Roksa dh iwfrZ gksxh cfYd egkfuns”kky; }kjk gkbMªksdkcZu ds vUos’k.k vkSj mRiknu ds {ks= esa pykbZ tk jgh xfrfof/k;ksa ls Hkh ikBd ifjfpr gksaxsA

blds vfrfjDr if=dk esa gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; esa o’kZ ds nkSjku jktHkk’kk uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u ls lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa dh Hkh laf{kIr tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, fganh i[kokM+k dk vk;kstu vkSj bl volj ij vk;ksftr dfo lEesyu dh fjiksVZ rFkk fo”o fganh fnol ds vk;kstu dh tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA

vkidks ;g vad dSlk yxk] tkuus dh mRlqdrk jgsxhA gekjh vis{kk jgsxh dh vkxkeh vadksa dks vkSj vf/kd iBuh; vkSj vkd’kZd cuk;k tk,A ;g vkids cgqewY; lq>koksa vkSj lg;ksx ls gh laHko gks ik,xkA

“kqHkdkeukvksa lfgrA

¼jktho dqekj flUgk½¼egkfuns”kd ds eq[; rduhdh vf/kdkjh ,oa

izHkkjh jktHkk’kk vf/kdkjh½

5

laikndh;

lkfgfR;d l`tu”khyrk dh jpukRed vfHkO;fä ls vksr&çksr gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; dh x`g if=dk ^ân;axe* dk f}rh; laLdj.k vkids le{k çLrqr gSA thou dh tfVy leL;kvksa vkSj vko”;drkvksa ds chp lkfgR; l`tu ds fy, le; fudkyuk cgqr nq”dj dk;Z gSA thou dh vkik&/kkih esa dqN iy pqjkdj ân; dh vry xgjkb;ksa ls l`tu ds eksrh fudkyus dk dk;Z Lokxr ;ksX; dne gSA laosnu”khyrk dks “kCnksa dh yfM+;ksa esa fijksdj vius vglkl ls lekt dks ifjfpr djuk lkfgR; dh fo”ks’krk gksrh gSA lkfgR; dh ;s vfHkO;fä ;fn viuh Hkk’kk esa gks rks blds ek;us vkSj Hkh fof”k’V gks tkrs gSa vkSj ;g yksd vfHkO;fä cu tkrh gSA fiNys vad dks vkius tks viuRo fn;k mlds fy, ge lHkh ân; ls vkHkkjh gSaA vk”kk djrs gSa fd çLrqr vfHkO;fä dks Hkh egkfuns”kky; ifjokj lg’kZ Lusgiw.kZ vk”khokZn çnku dj lkfFk;ksa dh l`tu”khyrk dks çksRlkfgr dj jktHkk’kk ds çlkj esa c<+rs dne ds :i esa ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gksxkA ,d ckr vkSj

dy ge gksa u gksa ij ;s 'kCn vfeV gksaxs]ân;axe ds iUuksa esa fe=ksa ds dqN fp= vfeV gksaxsAA

gkfnZd lqHks{kk lfgrA

vfuy dqekj feJk

6

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky;] uks,Mk

f}rh; vad o’kZ 2017&2018

laj{kd Jh vruq pØorhZ] egkfuns”kd] Mh-th-,p-

mi&laj{kd Jh egsaæ çrki] mi egkfuns”kd

ekxZ&n”kZd Jh f”kykfnR; HkêkpkthZ] Jh jktho dqekj flUgk]

Jh vfuy dqekj vxzoky rFkk Jh latho uank

laiknu ,oa leUo;u Jherh bjkuh Hkjkyh] M‚- enu jk; rFkk Jherh vfurk of”k’V

laiknd eaMy Jh vfuy feJk] Jherh _pk pkSgku] Jherh usgk cktis;h]

Jherh lksuy jk; rFkk Jh dfiy [ksM+k

lnL;x.k Jh Vh- vf”ouh dqekj] Jh vkuan çdk”k] Jh çkaty ik.Ms;

rFkk Jh lkSjHk dqekj

Þif=dk esa çdkf”kr jpukvksa esa O;ä fd, x, fopkj ys[kdksa ds futh fopkj gSaA jpuk dh ekSfydrk] mudk ladyu rFkk vU; fdlh fookn ds fy, ys[kd Lo;a mÙkjnk;h gksaxsAß

7

vuqØef.kdk

Øekad fo"k; i`"B la[;k1 gkbMªksdkcZu {kerk ds fodkl esa Mhth,p dh igy & vruq pØorhZ 82 e’khu yÉux & MsVkcsl ds mi;ksx ls O;kikj dks lq–<+ cukus dk foKku & usgk cktis;h 103 v‚fQl pkyhlk & vk”kh’k dqekj flag 124 Hkkjrh; ukjh & lrh”k paæk 135 gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; vkSj ÅtkZ laj{k.k & losjk 146 m[kM+s [kaHks & gfj”kadj ijlkbZ ¼çLrqfr vfuy dqekj feJk½ 167 xSl laLQqj.k & M‚- vHk; “kekZ ,oa vfHkjke nso “kekZ 188 'kCn & e`nqyk flag 229 çca/ku vkSj iapra= & f”kykfnR; HkêkpkthZ 2310 o`{k dh osnuk & vfurk of”k’V 2411 tura= & ujsaæ dksgyh ¼çLrqfr fo”kk[kk xqIrk½ 2512 Hkkjr ds xSl gkbMªsVl & vt; daly 2713 Le`fr iVy & ;ksxsaæ flag 3114 Hkz"Vkpkj ij okj & Mh-th-,p- dkfeZdksa dh dye ls 3215 vksiu ,dfjt ykblsal dk çfØ;k çokg Mk;xzke & usgk druk 3316 fganh dh O;Fkk & ikyh xqIrk 3417 Hkkjr dh çkphu fpfdRlk i)fr & ujsaæ çlkn cM+Foky 3518 fnokfy;k lek/kku & fnokfy;k ,oa 'kks/ku v{kerk dksM 2016 & lh-,- jek “kadj dQfYV;k 3719 ikik & rluhe Qkfrek 3920 cks/k dFkk & vfurk of”k’V 4221 lalnh; jktHkk"kk lfefr ds çfrosnu ds ukS [kaM & M‚- enu jk; 4322 gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; & dfiy [ksM+k 4723 LVho t‚Cl% csfelky ftanxh dh rhu dgkfu;k¡ & M‚- enu jk; 4824 lR; ls :c: & nhikyh fcaæk 5025 Hkwdaih; LVªsfVxzkfQd fo’ys"k.k esa lkekU; xyfr;k¡ vkSj muls cpko & vfHkftr fc”okl 5126 fganh ds rF; & ik#y R;kxh 5327 'ksy xSl% Hkfo"; dk bZa/ku & vfHkjke nso “kekZ 5428 fQYeh Hkwr & vuhrk vxukuh 6029 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkz"Vkpkj dk çHkko & jktho eksgu 6130 ftanxh ,d ,glkl gS & vfuy dqekj feJk 6331 ngst ysus okys fHk[kkjh & jkds”k tSu 6432 lqugjs ia[k & jfr”kk 65

33gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; ds foHkkxksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡ & os/ku] foÙk ,oa ys[kk o mRiknu Hkkxhnkjh lafonk foHkkx

66

34lp rks lnk ls vdsyk pyk gS] lkekftd lerk euq"; dk tUefl) vf/kdkj gS & M‚- lR;ukjk;.k tfV;k ^lR;t*

69

35 ;wuhdksM 7036 fj’or vkSj fl;klr & fxj/kkjh yky galk 7237 useh fVIif.k;ka 7438 ,d ek¡ dk nnZ & dqynhi dqekj 7539 feyrs&tqyrs “kCnksa ds Bhd ç;ksx 7640 ek¡ & xkSjo dqekj 7741 gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; esa fo’o fganh fnol lekjksg & M‚- enu jk; 78

8

gkbMªksdkcZu {kerk ds fodkl esa Mhth,p dh igy

vHkh fo”oHkj esa rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx {ks= esa dherksa esa fLFkjrk vkus ds ladsr ek= ifjyf{kr gks jgs gSaA dPps rsy dh dherksa esa vkbZ vçR;kf”kr deh ds dkj.k fo’ke ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gks xbZa] ifj.kkeLo#i udnh çkfIr ij bldk cqjk çHkko iM+k ftlls m|ksx ds le{k udnh dk ladV vk;k vkSj mRikndksa ds ykHk esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vkbZ rFkk blls rsy m|ksx dh lk[k dks [krjk mRiUu gks x;kA dherksa esa mrkj&p<+ko dh bl ladViw.kZ pqukSrh dk m|ksx us ljkguh; <ax ls lkeuk fd;kA ladV ds bl nkSj esa nqfu;k Hkj dh vUos’k.k rFkk mRiknu daifu;ksa vkSj lsok çnkrkvksa us orZeku dherksa esa vius vfLrRo dks cuk, j[kus dh {kerk dh igpku dhA mUgksaus ykxr esa deh ykdj] QhYM esa viuh dk;Z{kerk c<+kdj vkSj çkS|ksfxdh esa lq/kkj dj bl eanh dk lkeuk fd;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs ykHk vtZu esa o`f) dhA

bl pqukSrhiw.kZ le; esa Hkkjr ljdkj us uhfrxr lq/kkjksa ds }kjk bl {ks= esa lkgfld dne mBk;k gSA ifj.kker% vUos‘k.k ,oa mRiknu ds {ks= esa Hkkjr fuos”k dk vxz.kh xarO; cu x;k gSA jk’Vªh; MkVk jsiksftVjh ¼,u-Mh-vkj½] gkbMªksdkcZu vUos‘k.k ykblsal uhfr ¼gsYi½ ds rgr vksiu ,dfjt ykblsal çksxzke ¼vks-,-,y-ih-½ vkSj gky gh esa vk;ksftr vUosf‘kr y?kq {ks= ¼Mh-,l-,Q-½ cksyh jkmaM & 2016 ds ifj.kkeLo#i Hkkjrh; viLVªhe gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj u, ;qx ds ços”k }kj ij [kM+k gSA ljdkj dk ;g ekuuk gS fd viLVªhe ifj;kstukvksa esa iw¡th yxkus ij yxh jksd dks [kRe djus dk ,dek= rjhdk ;g gS fd] bl ij ç”kklfud fu;a=.k dks de fd;k tk,A blds fy, fuos”kdksa dks ljyh—r] ikjn”khZ] iwokZuqekfur vkSj lg;ksxh foÙkh; ç.kkyh miyC/k djkbZ tk, ftlls fd os çR;sd pj.k esa fcuk fdlh ijs”kkuh ds O;olk; dj ldsaA blh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; us orZeku lafonkvksa esa Li‘Vrk ykus ij xgu fparu fd;k gS vkSj uhfr esa lq/kkj djrs gq, ekStwnk ih-,l-lh- vkSj lh-ch-,e- lafonkvksa dh lajpuk dks etcwr fd;k gSA vc iw¡th çokg dks xfr çnku djus gsrq lh-ch-,e- vkSj ih-,l-lh- Cy‚dksa ds “kh?kz eksusVkbts”ku ds fy, ifj;kstuk esa ços”k vkSj ifj;kstuk ifjR;kx dks ljy cuk fn;k x;k gSA xgjs ikuh] vfr xgjs ikuh vkSj mPp nkc&mPp rkieku {ks=ksa vkSj lh-ch-,e- Cy‚dksa esa xSl mRiknu ds fy, ewY; fu/kkZj.k vkSj foi.ku esa Lora=rk çnku dh xbZ gSA blds vfrfjä vksiu ,dfjt ykblsal }kjk Øeknsf”kr gsYi “kq: dh xbZ gS tks mRiknu Hkkxhnkjh ls jktLo Hkkxhnkjh O;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ cnyko gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj dk y{; bl {ks= esa ÅtkZ lqj{kk esa fujarjrk ykrs gq, o’kZ 2022 rd blds vk;kr esa 10% dh fuHkZjrk de djus dh gSA bl y{; dh çkfIr ds fy, ekStwnk {ks=ksa ls mRiknu esa o`f)] vUos‘k.k rFkk mRiknu {ks= dk foLrkj vkSj ijaijkxr vkxkjksa ls mRikndrk esa o`f) djus tSls cgqeq[kh –f’Vdks.k viukus gksaxsA

jk‘Vªh; MkVk jsiksftVjh ¼,u-Mh-vkj-½ ns”k dk viLVªhe vUos‘k.k ,oa mRiknu MkVk cSad gS vkSj tks 2017 ls vfLrRo esa gSA blds ek/;e ls fuos”kdksa dks fu.kZ; dh tkudkjh feysxhA gkbMªksdkcZu vUos‘k.k ykblsal uhfr ¼gsYi½ ds varxZr [kqyk jdck ykblsal dk;ZØe ¼vks-,-,y-ih-½ ds ek/;e ls Cy‚dksa dks çLrqr djus esa vklkuh gksxhA ;gk¡ Qjojh 2018 rd 2Mh Hkwdaih; ¼lkbfTed½ MkVk ds 17]91]128 ,y-ds-,e-] 3Mh Hkwdaih; MkVk ds 6]50]133 ,y-ds-,e- vkSj 14]274 dwi vkSj y‚x MkVk us”kuy MkVk fjiksftVjh esa ntZ dj fy, x, gSaA

Hkkjrh; viLVªhe gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj u, ;qx ds ços”k

}kj ij [kM+k gSA

9

Hkkjr esa 3-14 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- esa 26 volknh csflu gSaA vc rd 48% volknh {ks= dh ewY;kadu laca/kh tkudkjh çkIr gqbZ gS vkSj “ks’k 52% {ks= dh tkudkjh çkIr gksuk ckdh gSA xSj vUosf‘kr vkSj vewY;kafdr {ks=ksa dh gkbMªksdkcZu laHkkO;rk laca/kh tkudkjh ,d= djus ds fy, ,sls lHkh {ks=ksa esa tgk¡ ds vk¡dM+s miyC/k ugha gSa vFkok cgqr gh de gSa] 2Mh Hkwdaih; losZ{k.k ds fy, ^jk‘Vªh; Hkwdaih; dk;ZØe* ¼,u-,p-ih-½ rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA 48]243 ,y-ds-,e- 2Mh Hkwdaih; vk¡dM+s çkIr djus] lalkf/kr ,oa foosfpr ¼,-ih-vkbZ½ djus dh ,d Bksl ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA jk‘Vªh; Hkwdaih; dk;ZØe ¼,u-,p-ih-½ ds rgr jk‘Vªh; rsy daifu;ksa }kjk Qjojh 2018 rd dqy 18804-30 ,y-ds-,e- 2Mh vk¡dM+s çkIr gq, gSaA cgq laxBu Vhe ¼vks-,u-th-lh-] v‚;y bafM;k fyfeVsM vkSj Mh-th-,p-½ ds varZxr fiNys n”kdksa esa çkIr HkwoSKkfud vk¡dM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr esa bu 26 volknh csfluksa esa gkbMªksdkcZu lalk/kuksa ds iquewZY;kadu dh ,d ifj;kstuk çkjaHk dh gSA 11 csfluksa dk v/;;u iwjk fd;k tk pqdk gS vkSj “ks‘k 12 csfluksa ij v/;;u fd;k tk jgk gS ftls fu/kkZfjr le;&lhek ds varxZr iwjk fd;k tk,xkA

vijaijkxr gkbMªksdkcZu lalk/ku vk”kk dh ,d fdj.k gS vkSj “kh?kz gh ns”k dh ÅtkZ esa bldh ,d cM+h fgLlsnkjh gksxhA foÙk o‘kZ 2016&17 esa dksy csM ehFksu dk mRiknu 50% rd c<+dj 1-56 ,e-,e-,l-lh-,e-Mh- igq¡p x;k gS vkSj o‘kZ 2018&19 rd c<+dj 6 ,e-,e-,l-lh-,e-Mh- rd mRikfnr djus ds ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa “ksy xSl dk HkaMkj yxHkx 300 Vh-lh-,Q- ¼8-5 Vh-lh-,l- ls 2100 Vh-lh-,l½ ¼59-5 Vh-lh-,l-½ ds chp gks ldrk gSA orZeku djkj ds varxZr “ksy xSl vUos‘k.k dk dk;Z v‚;y bafM;k fyfeVsM vkSj v‚;y ,aM uspqjy xSl d‚iksZjs”ku fyfeVsM }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA vks,uthlh }kjk osf/kr 22 dwiksa ls vc rd 83 dksj lSEiy fy, x, gSaA gkykafd VkbV v‚;y vkSj xSl dh iwjh laHkkouk gS] xSl gkbMªsV dh [kkst djds gesa ,slk Lrj çkIr djuk gS fd ge okf.kfT;d mRiknu ds ckjs esa lksp ldsaA tqykbZ 2015 esa uspqjy xSl gkbMªsV çksxzke ¼,u-th-,p-ih-½&2 lQyrkiwoZd iwjk dj fy;k gSA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr tkiku fMªyf”ki ^fpD;w* ds }kjk —‘.kk xksnkojh vkSj egkunh ds xgjs ikuh ¼Mhi okVj½ ds csflu esa 25 LFkyksa ij 42 dwiksa dks osf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA egRoiw.kZ gkbMªsV ;qä {ks=ksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS vkSj ,u-th-,p-ih- nkSj ds varxZr çk;ksfxd mRiknu ijh{k.k fd, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA o’kZ 2017&18 ds nkSjku gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; }kjk vUos’k.k ,oa fodkl ds lr~r iz;kl tkjh j[ks x, vkSj uhfrxr lq/kkjksa ds ek/;e ls viLVªhe vUos‘k.k ,oa mRiknu {ks= esa fuos”k voljksa dks lqyHk djus ds lHkh iz;kl fd, x, vkSj vk”kk gS fd blls fuos”kdksa dh bl {ks= esa fnypLih c<s+xhA

vruq pØorhZ] vkbZ-,-,l-¼egkfuns”kd½

blh o‘kZ ds nkSjku 141 vUos‘k.kh; dwiksa dks osf/kr fd;k x;k Fkk

ftldk vUos‘k.kh; ehVjst 392.31 fdyksehVj FkkA

10

MkVkcsl fdlh Hkh m|ksx ds fy, ,d cgqr gh “kfä”kkyh midj.k gSA ;g u dsoy gesa ;g le>us esa enn djrk gS fd vrhr esa D;k gqvk Fkk] cfYd Hkfo’; ds fy, ,d etcwr ;kstuk cukus esa Hkh ;g lgk;d gksrk gSA

dEI;wVj mUur&vkfVZfQf”k;y baVsfytsal ¼AI½ 1950 ds n”kd ds vklikl ls tkuk tkrk gS] ysfdu gky ds gkMZos;j uokpkjksa us bl {ks= dks nksckjk fodflr fd;k gSA “kfä”kkyh çkslslj daI;wVj dks tfVy fu.kZ; ysus] laHkkoukvksa ds vk/kkj ij ifj.kkeksa dks iwjk djus vkSj xyfr;ksa ls lh[kus esa enn djrk gSA bl {ks= dh laHkkouk,a cgqr gh jksekapd gS vkSj vkSj blds fufgrkFkZ fo”kky gSA

ge e”khu yfuaZx dks ,sls le> ldrs gSa tSls vkfVZfQf”k;y baVsfytsal ¼AI½ dk;Z okgd gS e”khu yfuaZx mldk efLr’d gSA çkS|ksfxd :i ls e”khu yfuaZx m|e laca/kh Hkfo’;okf.k;ksa dks cukus ds fy, mi;ksxh iSVuZ ;k #>ku dh [kkst ds fy, iwoZ&lalkf/kr MsVk ds ,YxksfjFke vkSj fo”ys’k.kkRed e‚My dks ykxw djus dh çfØ;k gSA

MkVk bathfu;j dksfMax] ijh{k.k vkSj e”khu yfuaZx dh ykbczsjh laHkkyrs gSa vkSj MsVk oSKkfud O;kikj leL;kvksa ds lek/kku dk irk yxkus dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA MsVk fu’d’kZ.k ¼Data extraction½ ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk, tkus okys fofHkUu çdkj ds e”khu yfuaZx ,YxksfjFke ç;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA vuqekfur fo”ysf’kdh ¼Predictive analytics½ vkSj fMfl”ku Vªh ¼Decision tree½ bl u, mHkjrs gq, foKku dk vk/kkj cukrs gSaA fjolZ bathfu;fjax ra= dk mi;ksx djds fof”k’V pj ¼Specific variables½ dh igpku dh tkrh gS tks fof”k’V tkudkjh miyC/k djokrk gSA bl tkudkjh dk mi;ksx Hkfo’; ds dk;Z e‚My dks mÙke cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

e’khu yfuZ x & MsVkcsl ds mi;ksx ls O;kikj dks lq–<+ cukus dk foKku

11

MsVk foKku vkSj fo”ysf’kdh ds ikap eq[; dkS”ky {ks= gSa & MsVk [kuu ¼Data mining½] e”khu yfuaZx] çk—frd Hkk’kk lalk/ku ¼Natural language processing½] vkadM+s vkSj –”; ¼Visualization½A

tgka gkbMªksdkcZu vUos’k.k ls lEcaf/kr yksx] i`Foh dh lrg ds uhps rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl fu{ksiksa dks igpkus vkSj igpku djus dh {kerk dks c<+kus esa ç;kljr gS] ogha bl {ks= esa csgrj] çHkko”kkyh] ,slh n{k [kkstsa dh tkuh vko”;d gS tks i;kZoj.k ds fy, vuqdwy gksaA gkbMªksdkcZu vUos’k.k djus okys dkfeZdksa ds fy, i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ka rsth ls pqukSrhiw.kZ gksrh tk jgh gSa] bl çdkj dk;Z&l{ke rduhd ,oa b’Vre dk;Z{kerk dks cjdjkj j[kuk csgn okaNuh; gSA vkt] vkfVZfQf”k;y baVsfytsal ¼AI½ ds oSKkfud oSf”od Lrj ij rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx {ks= esa Hkfo’; dh laHkkoukvksa dk [kkdk cukus rFkk tfVy HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;a= ekuo ¼Robot½ }kjk dk;Z djokus esa dk;Zjr gSA

nqfu;k Hkj esa “kh’kZ vUos’k.k vkSj mRiknu v‚ijsVjksa us bl O;olk; esa AI dk mi;ksx djuk “kq: dj fn;k gSA bl lwph esa ,Dl‚ueksfcy] j‚;y Mp “ksy] phu isVªksfy;e vkSj dsfedy d‚iZ ¼fluksisd½] dqy] xtç‚e “kkfey gSA rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx ds v‚ijsVj dbZ {ks=ksa esa AI dks ,dh—r dj jgs gSaA

l”kä AI igy djus ds fy, i;kZIr ctV vkSj rduhdh çfrHkk ¼daI;wVj ,oa fo’k; fo”ks’kK½ vko”;d gSA vkus okys le; esa Hkkjrh; rsy vkSj xSl daifu;ka Hkh e”khu yfuaZx foKku dk mi;ksx dj ds bl m|ksx dks ubZ ÅapkbZ rd ys tk,axhA

usgk cktis;h¼mi v/kh{kd HkwfoKkuh½

12

vkWfQl pkyhlk

mB ds lqcg [kwc fpYyk,]tkus dc ;s lu&Ms vk,]cksf>y eu ls v‚fQl vk,]

bl Mj ls fd dgha lkgc u cqyk,aA

vkrs gh Vscy ij ns[kk] nl&ckjg ysVj QM+QM+k,]geus Hkh >V ls tokc cuk,]mudks lgh txg igq¡pk,]

bu xqykch Qkbyksa ls cfr;k,]dc thou esa vkuan vk,A

bl rsy&xSl ds pDdj esa]çh&usYi ls gsYi rd ge vk,]

vkSj blh chp esa geus]Mh-,l-,Q- ds rM+ds Hkh yxk,A

fQj Hkh ?kj ge eqLdqjkrs tk,a]fcfV;k jkuh dks xksn mBk,a]muls nks iy ge rqryk,a]vkSj ;gh ckr le>k,a]

th Hkj ds th yks cpiu dks]vkxs rks la?k’kZ tfVy gksuk gS]thou ds bl dkypØ esa][kqf”k;ksa dks ugha [kksuk gSA

vk’kh"k dqekj flag¼v/kh{kd HkwfoKkuh½

13

Þukjh! rqe dsoy Jn~ /kk gks] fo’okl jtr ux ix ry esaA

ih;w"k lzksr lh cgk djks] thou ds lqnaj lery esaAA ß

& t;’kadj çlkn

çkphu ;qx ls gh gekjs lekt esa ukjh dk fo”ks"k LFkku jgk gSA gekjs ikSjkf.kd xzaFkksa esa ukjh dks iwT;uh; ,oa nsohrqY; ekuk x;k gSA gekjh /kkj.kk jgh gS fd nSoh 'kfä;k¡ ogha ij fuokl djrh gSa tgk¡ ij leLr ukjh tkfr dks çfr"Bk o lEeku dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA bu çkphu xzaFkksa dk mä dFku vkt Hkh mruh gh egÙkk j[krk gS ftruh fd bldh egÙkk çkphu dky esa FkhA dksbZ Hkh ifjokj] lekt vFkok jk"Vª rc rd lPps vFkksaZ esa çxfr dh vksj vxzlj ugha gks ldrk] tc rd og ukjh ds çfr HksnHkko] fujknj vFkok ghuHkko dk R;kx ugha djrk gSA dkykarj esa ns”k ij gq, vusd vkØe.kksa ds i”pkr~ Hkkjrh; ukjh dh n”kk esa Hkh ifjorZu vkus yxsA ukjh dh Lo;a dh fof”k"Vrk ,oa mldk lekt esa LFkku ghu gksrk pyk x;kA vaxzsth 'kkludky ds vkrs&vkrs Hkkjrh;

ukjh dh n”kk vR;ar fparuh; gks xbZA mls vcyk dh laKk nh tkus yxh rFkk fnu&çfrfnu mls mis{kk ,oa frjLdkj dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA

jk"Vªdfo ^eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr* us cM+s gh laosnu”khy <ax ls ukjh dh fLFkfr dks O;ä fd;k gS%

ßvcyk thou gk; rqEgkjh ;gh dgkuhA

vk¡py esa gS nw/k vkSj vk¡[kksa esa ikuhAß

fons”kh vkØe.kksa o muds vR;kpkjksa ds vfrfjä Hkkjrh; lekt esa vkbZ lkekftd dqjhfr;k¡] O;fHkpkj rFkk gekjh ijaijkxr :f<+okfnrk us Hkh Hkkjrh; ukjh dks nhu&ghu detksj cukus esa vge Hkwfedk vnk dhA ukjh ds vf/kdkjksa dk guu djrs gq, mls iq#"k dk vkfJr cuk fn;k x;kA ngst] cky&fookg o lrh çFkk vkfn bUgha dqjhfr;ksa dh nsu gSA iq#"k us Lo;a dk opZLo cuk, j[kus ds fy, xzaFkksa o O;k[;kuksa ds ek/;e ls ukjh dks vuqxkfeuh ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA vaxzsth 'kkludky esa Hkh jkuh y{ehckbZ] pk¡n chch vkfn ukfj;k¡ viokn gh Fkha ftUgksaus viuh lHkh ijaijkvksa vkfn ls Åij mB dj bfrgkl ds iUuksa ij viuh vfeV Nki NksM+hA Lora=rk laxzke esa Hkh Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa ds ;ksxnku dh vuns[kh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA

vkt dk ;qx ifjorZu dk ;qx gSA Hkkjrh; ukjh dh n”kk esa Hkh vHkwriwoZ ifjorZu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA Lora=rk çkfIr ds i”pkr~ vusd lekt lq/kkjdksa] lektlsfo;ksa rFkk gekjh ljdkjksa us ukjh mRFkku dh vksj fo”ks"k /;ku fn;k gS rFkk lekt o jk"Vª ds lHkh oxksaZ esa bldh egÙkk dks çdV djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA Hkkjr ds lafo/kku us mls leku vf/kdkj fn, gSaA Qyr% vkt ukjh iq#"kksa ds lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj py jgh gSA foKku o rduhdh lfgr yxHkx lHkh {ks=ksa esa mlus viuh mi;ksfxrk fln~ /k dh gSA mlus lekt o jk"Vª dks ;g fln~ /k dj fn[kk;k gS fd 'kfä vFkok {kerk dh –f"V ls og iq#"kksa ls fdlh Hkh Hkk¡fr de ugha gSA

fuLlansg] ukjh dh orZeku n”kk esa fujarj lq/kkj jk"Vª dh çxfr dk ekinaM gSA og fnu nwj ugha tc uj&ukjh] lHkh ds lfEefyr ç;kl QyhHkwr gksaxs vkSj gekjk ns”k fo”o ds vU; vxz.kh ns”kksa esa ls ,d gksxkA

lrh’k paæk¼v/kh{kd bathfu;j½

Hkkjrh; ukjh

14

ÅtkZ lqj{kk] ÅtkZ dss mRiknu] lapj.k vkSj mi;ksx ds lanHkZ esa ÅtkZ cktkj vkSj jk’Vªh; lqj{kk ds chp laca/k lanfHkZr djrh gSA ÅtkZ lqj{kk ifj–”; nks vk;keh gSa ftls vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd&lSU; lqj{kk dh –f’V ls ifjHkkf’kr fd;k x;k gSA ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds lanHkZ esa nksuksa gh i{kksa ij /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A nksuksa i{kksa ds chp rkyesy ,oa bldh :ijs[kk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd dkSu lk ÅtkZ lzksr fopkjk/khu gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds laca/k esa ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds çlkj dks jksduk jktuhfrd&lSU; lqj{kk dh –f’V ls lcls egRoiw.kZ ekinaM gSA dks;ys ds lanHkZ esa tyok;q ifjorZu dks de djuk vkfFkZd lqj{kk dh –f’V ls çeq[k ekinaM gSaA rsy vkSj xSl ds laca/k esa nksuksa gh vfr egRoiw.kZ gSaA

vkfFkZd lqj{kk ds laca/k esa lcls cM+k [krjk vkfFkZd fo?kVu dk gS tks fd vk;kr dh vkiwfrZ esa #dkoV ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo#i gesa Hkkjh ek=k esa M‚yj esa Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA

vk;kr fuHkZjrk] turk vkSj jktuhfrd usrkvksa ds fy, ,d leL;k cu tkrh gS] tc vk;kr dh tkus okyh oLrq ,d ns”k ds dqy mi;ksx dk ,d cgqr cM+k fgLlk cu tkrh gS vkSj ;g oLrq vFkZO;oLFkk ds dkedkt ds fy, bruh egRoiw.kZ gS fd bldh vkiwfrZ dh fo”oluh;rk cuk, j[kuk vko”;d gks tkrk gSA ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ÅtkZ ds fy, dksbZ vyx ugha gSa ysfdu ÅtkZ] cgqr cM+s Lrj ij ç;ksx vkSj loZO;kih gksus ds dkj.k lcls vf/kd /;ku vkdf‘kZr djrh gSA eq[; vkfFkZd fpark ;g gS fd vpkud vkiwfrZ dh #dkoV ls dherksa esa c<+ksrjh gks ldrh gS tks vFkZO;oLFkk dks ckf/kr djrh gSA

isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=h Jh /kesaZæ ç/kku us fo”okl O;ä fd;k gS fd rsy vkSj xSl esa vk;kr fuHkZjrk esa 10% dh deh ds y{; dks 2022 rd gkfly fd;k tk,xkA çk—frd xSl lEesyu ds ,d lekjksg esa mUgksaus dgk fd çk—frd xSl] bl y{; dks çkIr djus esa ,d çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkk,xhA Jh ç/kku us dgk fd ljdkj us bl {ks= esa igys ls gh dbZ uhfrxr igy dh gSa ftlls cM+h ek=k esa gkbMªksdkcZu dk mRiknu gksxkA

ea=h egksn; us dgk fd Hkkjr ,d fodkl dh dgkuh gS] bldh ÅtkZ [kir c<+ jgh gS vkSj ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fcuk] dksbZ fodkl ugha gks ldrkA mUgksaus dgk fd xSl Hkfo’; dk bZa/ku gS vkSj Hkkjr bldh [kkst vkSj mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, gj laHko dne mBk jgk gSA mUgksaus dgk fd ljdkj rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx ds fy, LVkVZ&vi QaM ykus ds fy, lkoZtfud {ks= dh rsy daifu;ksa ds lkFk dke dj jgh gS ftlls {ks= esa vfHkuo fopkjksa dks c<+kok feysxkA Jh /kesaZæ ç/kku us dgk fd ns”k 2030 rd dkcZu dks 30&35% rd de djus ds fy, çfrc) gSA

bl lcdks ns[krs gq, Mh-th-,p- dh viLVªhe jsxqysVj ,oa lqfo/kk ¼facilitator½ çnku djus laca/kh Hkwfedk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gks xbZ gS A

xr o‘kksaZ esa] Hkkjr ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr ds rgr] ,d Lora= viLVªhe fu;ked fudk; ftls gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] dh LFkkiuk 08 vizSy 1993 dks dh xbZ Fkh rkfd rsy HkaMkj fodkl dk;ZØeksa dh ,d csgrj vkxkj bathfu;jh çfØ;k ds vuqlkj fuxjkuh vkSj leh{kk dh tk ldsA

1970 ds n”kd ds var rd ukekadu ;qx] çh&usYi ,DlIyksjs”ku ;qx ¼1980&95½ vkSj iwoZ&usYi QhYM jkmaM ¼1993&94½ ds i”pkRk] Hkkjr ljdkj us 1997 esa ubZ vUos’k.k ykblsal uhfr ds :i esa ,d uhfr rS;kj dhA

isVªksfy;e {ks= esa Mh-th-,p- ds :i esa vyx ls LFkkfir fudk; us viuh LFkkiuk ds ç;kstuksa dks lQyrkiwoZd vatke fn;k tks fuEufyf[kr iSjkxzkQ esa of.kZr vk¡dM+ksa ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS%

usYi {ks= ds rgr vkoafVr 254 Cy‚d & rVh; 114] virVh; mFkys ikuh esa 59 vkSj xgjs ikuh esa 81 {ks=ksa esa

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; vkSj ÅtkZ laj{k.k

15

fLFkr gSaA vUos’k.kh; xfrfof/k;ksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i] dbZ xSj&vUosf‘kr vkSj de vUosf‘kr {ks=ksa] fo”ks’kdj virVh; vkSj xgjs ikuh ds {ks=ksa esa] HkwHkkSfrdh; losZ{k.k ,oa os/ku }kjk vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA vc rd fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa 232 gkbMªksdkcZu [kkstsa ¼119 v‚;y vkSj 113 xSl½ dh xbZ gSa vkSj vf/kdka”k xSl dh [kkst virVh;&mFkys ¼44½ vkSj xgjs ikuh ds Cy‚dksa ¼40½ esa dh xbZ gSaA

usYi cksyh jkmaM us ih,l;w ds vykok dbZ futh vkSj fons”kh daifu;ksa dks vkdf’kZr fd;k gSA usYi ls igys] dqy 35 vUos’k.k ,oa mRiknu ¼bZ ,aM ih½ daifu;ka ¼5 ih,l;w] 15 futh vkSj 15 fons”kh½ ukekadu vkSj iwoZ&usYi {ks= esa dke dj jgha FkhA usYi cksyh ds ukS jkmaM iwjs gksus ds ckn] daifu;ksa dh dqy la[;k c<+dj 117 gks xbZ gS ¼11 ih,l;w] 58 futh o v‚ijsVj vkSj xSj&v‚ijsVlZ / dalksfVZ;e ikVZulZ ds :i esa 48 fons”kh daifu;ka½A

xr o’kksaZ esa gkfly dh xbZ mYys[kuh; lQyrk dks tkjh j[kus vkSj Hkkoh vis{kkvksa dks ns[krs gq,] fudV Hkfo’; esa Mh-th-,p- dks rsy vkSj xSl lalk/kuksa dh [kkst ,oa vUos’k.k ds u, {ks=ksa esa vUos’k.k esa lgk;rk çnku djus] {ks= fodkl] rsy vkSj xSl ifjogu vkSj çlaLdj.k ds ?kjsyw cqfu;knh <kaps esa lq/kkj laca/kh dk;ksaZ esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkuh pkfg,A

ljdkj ds fu;a=.k dks de rks vo”; fd;k tkuk pkfg, fdUrq ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ esa o`f) dh xkjaVh nsus vkSj ns”k ds fodkl dh ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, bls cuk, j[kk tkuk pkfg, ftlls vk;kr ij fuHkZjrk de gksrh pyh tk,A

rsy vkSj xSl {ks= esa oSKkfud vuqla/kku ds fy, fuos”k c<+kuk] rsy ds u, lzksr dks [kkstus ds fy, mPp ;ksX; fo”ks’kKksa ds çf”k{k.k esa o`f) djuk] mHkjrs gq, fodkl çkS|ksfxdh ds ç;ksx ls rsy {ks= esa O;; dks de djus dh rjQ /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

Mh-th-,p- dks fofu;ked ¼regulator½ ds :i esa ljdkj ds fo/kk;h fodkl esa lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A rsy daifu;ksa dh c<+rh vk; esa ;ksxnku vkSj i;kZIr foÙkh; {kerk cukus ds fy, dj fu;eksa vkSj jkT; fuf/k;u ¼QafMax½ uhfr esa cnyko ykuk pkfg, rkfd u, ÅtkZ lzksr fodflr djus vkSj eqä cktkj esa çfrLi/kkZ esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, çksRlkgu fey ldsA

pwafd vf/kdka”k lqyHk vkxkjksa dk igys “kks’k.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj u, dk;Z djus esa vkerkSj ij vf/kd rduhdh pqukSfr;ksa vkSj laLFkkxr pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA vr% Mh-th-,p- dks çkS|ksfxdh ifj;kstukvksa vkSj cgq&{ks=h; fodkl dk;ZØeksa ij Hkh dk;Z djuk pkfg,A ^LVst xsV~l* ,dhdj.k ¼baVhxzs”ku½ ds çeq[k fcanq gSa ysfdu blds vykok ewY; vkSj@;k lqj{kk ij dsafær vU; vkof/kd ,dhdj.k xfrfof/k;ka Hkh gSaA fof”k’V lhekUr ifj;kstuk,a cgqr vf/kd gSa] blfy, v‚ijsVjksa ls fo”ks’kKksa dks ,dh—r ¼baVhxzsV½ fd;k tk, vkSj volj vkus ij mUgsa rSukr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blds vykok fo”ks’k {ks=ksa esa ifj;kstuk,a viuh Lo;a dh vkiwfrZ] okf.kfT;d] fu;ked vkSj lkeqnkf;d vk;keksa ij var% LFkkfir gSa fdUrq ;s ,d leku fo”ks’kK vkSj vuqHko ij vk/kkfjr gksuh pkfg,A çkS|ksfxdh vkSj xq.koÙkk ds fy, vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk ds Lrj ij vkSj var esa ekudksa dks LFkkfir djus vkSj lg&jpukdkjksa dks ,dh—r djus lfgr iw.kZ ikfjfLFkfrd ra= Lrj ij bls ,dh—r fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g vk;keh ,dhdj.k Mhth,p }kjk mRçsfjr ¼dSVkykt+M½ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

la{ksi esa] ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fy, Mh-th-,p- dks u dsoy ek=k cfYd] fuoy ewY; esa vf/kd o`f) djus vkSj fuos”k c<+kus esa lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A blls ns”k ds lexz fuoy ewY; esa btkQk gksxkA Mh-th-,p- dks pkfg, fd og rsy vkSj xSl daifu;ksa ds fy, ewY; iqufoZrj.k esa lgk;rk djs ftlls muds fuos”k ij mudh vis{kkuqlkj u flQZ ek=k esa] cfYd mUgsa larks’ktud çfrykHk fey ldsA Mh-th-,p- dks vkfFkZd ykHk çnku djus okys lHkh vkxkjksa ls nksgu gsrq foÙkh; O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj djus vkSj fxjkoV okys {ks= ls c<+h gqbZ rsy dh olwyh esa o`f) dks lqfuf”pr djus esa lgk;rk çnku djuh pkfg,A

losjk

¼ofj"B foÙk ,oa ys[kk vf/kdkjh½

16

dqN lkfFk;ksa ds gokys ls irk pyrk gS fd dqN lkbVsa cSu gks xbZ gSaA irk ugha ;g fdruk lp gS ysfdu yksxksa us ljdkj dks dksluk “kq: dj fn;k gSA vjs HkkbZ] ljdkj rks tks ns”k fgr esa Bhd yxsxk ogh djsxh u] irk ugha esjh bl ckr ls vki fdruk lger gSa ysfdu ;g gS lgh ckr fd ljdkj ges”kk ns”k fgr ds fy, lksprh gSA eSa “kk;n Bhd ls viuh ckr u le>k ldw¡ ysfdu esjs ilanhnk ys[kd] O;aX;dkj gfj”kadj ijlkbZ us bls vius ,d ys[k m[kM+s [kaHks esa c[kwch crk;k gSA equkQk[kksjksa ls rax vkdj ,d fnu jktk us [kh>dj ?kks’k.kk dj nh fd equkQk[kksjksa dks fctyh ds [kaHks ls yVdk fn;k tk,xkA lqcg gksrs gh yksx fctyh ds [kaHkksa ds ikl tek gks x,A mUgksaus [kaHkksa dh iwtk dh] vkjrh mrkjh vkSj mUgsa fryd fd;kA “kke rd os bartkj djrs jgs fd vc equkQk[kksj Vkaxs tk,axs vkSj vcA ij dksbZ ugha Vkaxk x;kA yksx tqyql cukdj jktk ds ikl x, vkSj dgk] Þegkjkt] vkius rks dgk Fkk fd equkQk[kksj fctyh ds [kaHkksa ij yVdk, tk,axs] ij [kaHks rks oSls gh [kM+s gSa vkSj equkQk[kksj LoLFk vkSj lkuan gSaAßjktk us dgk] Þdgk gS rks mUgsa [kaHkksa ij Vkaxk gh tk,xkA FkksM+k le; yxsxkA Vk¡xus ds fy, Qans pkfg,A eSaus Qans cukus dk vkMZj ns fn;k gSA muds feyrs gh] lc equkQ[kksjksa dks fctyh ds [kaHkksa ls Vk¡x nwaxkAHkhM+ esa ,d vkneh cksyk mBk] Þij Qans cukus dk Bsdk Hkh rks equkQk[kksj us gh fy;k gSAßjktk us dgk] Þrks D;k gqvk\ mls mlds gh Qans ls Vk¡xk tk,xkAß

rHkh nwljk cksy mBk] Þij og rks dg jgk Fkk fd Qk¡lh ij yVdkus dk Bsdk Hkh eSa gh yw¡xkAßjktk us tokc fn;k] Þugha] ,slk ugha gksxkA Qk¡lh nsuk futh {ks= dk m|ksx vHkh ugha gqvk gSAßyksxksa us iwNk] Þrks fdrus fnu ckn os yVdk, tk,axsAßjktk us dgk] Þvkt ls Bhd lksygosa fnu os rqEgsa fctyh ds [kaHkksa ls yVds fn[ksaxsAßyksx fnu fxuus yxsAlksygosa fnu lqcg mBdj yksxksa us ns[kk fd fctyh ds lkjs [kaHks m[kM+s iM+s gSaA os gSjku gks x, fd jkr u vka/kh vkbZ] u Hkwdai vk;k] os [kaHks dSls m[kM+ x,AmUgsa [kaHks ds ikl ,d etnwj [kM+k feykA mlus cryk;k fd etnwjksa ls jkr dks ;s [kaHks m[kM+ok, x, gSaA yksx mls idM+dj jktk ds ikl ys x,AmUgksaus f”kdk;r dh] Þegkjkt] vki equkQk[kksjksa dks fctyh ds [kaHkksa ls yVdkus okys Fks] ij jkr esa lc [kaHks m[kkM+ fn, x,A ge bl etnwj dks idM+ ds yk, gSaA ;g dgrk gS fd jkr dks lc [kaHks m[kM+ok, x, gSaAßjktk us etnwj ls iwNk] ÞD;ksa js] fdlds gqDe ls rqe yksxksa us [kaHks m[kkM+s\ßmlus dgk] ^vksojfl;j*A rc vksojfl;j cqyk;k x;kAmlls jktk us dgk] ÞD;ksa th] rqEgsa ekywe gS] eSaus vkt equkQk[kksjksa dks fctyh ds [kaHks ls yVdkus dh ?kks’k.kk dh Fkh\ß

m[kM+s [kaHks gfj’kadj ijlkbZ

17

mlus dgk] Þth ljdkj!ßÞfQj rqeus jkrksa&jkr [kaHks D;ksa m[kM+ok fn,\ßÞljdkj] bathfu;j lkgc us dy “kke gqDe fn;k Fkk fd jkr esa lkjs [kaHks m[kkM+ fn, tk,aAßvc bathfu;j cqyk;k x;kA mlus dgk mls fctyh bathfu;j us vkns”k fn;k Fkk fd jkr esa lkjs [kaHks m[kkM+ nsukAßfctyh bathfu;j ls dSfQ;r ryc dh xbZ rks mlus gkFk tksM+dj dgk] ÞlsØsVjh lkgc dk gqDe feyk FkkAßfoHkkxh; lsØsVjh ls jktk us iwNk] [kaHks m[kkM+us dk gqDe rqeus fn;k FkkAlsØsVjh us Lohdkj fd;k] Þth ljdkj!ßjktk us dgk] Þ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd vkt eSa bu [kaHkksa dk mi;ksx equkQk[kksjksa dks yVdkus ds fy, djus okyk gw¡] rqeus ,slk nqLlkgl D;ksa fd;kAßlsØsVjh us dgk] Þlkgc] iwjs “kgj dh lqj{kk dk loky FkkA vxj jkr dks [kaHks u gVk fy, tkrs] rks vkt iwjk “kgj u’V gks tkrk!ßjktk us iwNk] ÞdkSu gS ;g fo”ks’kK\ Hkjksls dk vkneh gS\ßlsØsVjh us dgk] Þfcydqy Hkjksls dk vkneh gS ljdkjA ?kj dk vkneh gSA esjk lkyk gSA eSa mls gqtwj ds lkeus is”k djrk gw¡Afo”ks’kK us fuosnu fd;k] Þljdkj] eSa fo”ks’kK gw¡ vkSj Hkwfe rFkk okrkoj.k dh gypy dk fo”ks’k v/;;u djrk gw¡A eSaus ijh{k.k ds }kjk irk yxk;k gS fd tehu ds uhps ,d Hk;adj fctyh dk çokg ?kwe jgk gSA eq>s ;g Hkh ekywe gqvk gS fd vkt og fctyh gekjs “kgj ds uhps ls fudysxhA vkidks ekywe ugha gks jgk gS] ij eSa tkurk gw¡ fd bl oä gekjs uhps Hk;adj fctyh çokfgr gks jgh gSA ;fn gekjs fctyh ds [kaHks tehu esa xM+s jgrs rks og fctyh [kaHkksa ds }kjk Åij vkrh vkSj mldh VDdj vius ikojgkml dh fctyh ls gksrhA rc Hk;adj foLQksV gksrkA “kgj ij gtkjksa fctfy;k¡ ,d lkFk fxjrhaA rc u ,d çk.kh thfor cprk] u ,d bekjr [kM+h jgrhA eSaus rqjar lsØsVjh lkgc dks ;g ckr crkbZ vkSj mUgksaus Bhd le; ij mfpr dne mBkdj “kgj dks cpk fy;kAyksx cM+h nsj rd ldrs esa [kM+s jgsA os equkQk[kksjksa dks fcydqy Hkwy x,A os lc ml ladV ls vfoHkwr Fks] ftldh dYiuk mUgsa nh xbZ FkhA tku cp tkus dh vuqHkwfr ls ncs gq, FksA pqipki ykSV x,Amlh lIrkg cSad esa bu ukeksa ls ;s jdesa tek gqbZ%&lsØsVjh dh iRuh ds uke & 2 yk[k :i,Jherh fctyh bathfu;j & 1 yk[k Jherh bathfu;j & 1 yk[kJherh fo”ks’kK & 25 gtkjJherh vksojfl;j & 5 gtkjmlh lIrkg ^equkQk[kksj la?k* ds fglkc esa uhps fy[kh jdesa ^/kekZnk* [kkrs esa Mkyh xbZa%&dksf<+;ksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, nku% 2 yk[k :i,fo/kokJe dks & 1 yk[k{k; jksx vLirky dks & 1 yk[kikxy[kkus dks & 25 gtkjvukFkky; dks & 5 gtkj

ladyudrkZ & vfuy feJk¼mi egkçca/kd½

18

xSl laLQqj.k ¼xSl ¶ys;fjax½

gj lky iwjs fo”o rFkk Hkkjr esa vjcksa ?ku ehVj çk—frd xSl] rsy] lhch,e ,oa “ksy xSl mRiknu LFkyksa ij çTTofyr dh tkrh gSA xSl dk laLQqj.k ,d ewY;oku ÅtkZ lalk/ku dks O;FkZ gh u’V dj nsrk gS tks fd vkfFkZd çxfr ,oa fodkl ds dke esa vk ldrk gSA xSl dk laLQqj.k okrkoj.k esa yk[kksa Vu dkcZu Mkbv‚DlkbM NksM+rk gS tks tyok;q ifjorZu esa Hkh ;ksxnku nsrk gSA rsy] lhch,e rFkk “ksy xSl@rsy mRiknu ds le; xSl dk cktkj rFkk xSl ds fy, vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dh vuqiyC/krk xSl laLQqj.k dks c<+kok nsrh gSA xSl laLQqj.k dk vFkZ gS Þfcuk ÅtkZ mi;ksx ds eqä Tokyk esa xSl dks fujarj tykukßA

fp= 1% bjkd ds rsy dwiksa ls xSl laLQqj.k

xSl laLQqj.k dh leL;k dk iSekuk vUrfj{k ls i`Foh ds xSl laLQqj.k {ks=ksa ds jkf=dkyhu fp=ksa ls le>k tk ldrk gSA

19

fp= 1 uklk Åixzg fp= vesfjdk ds ckdu rFkk bxy QksMZ 'ksy {ks= esa xSl laLQqj.k fn[kkrs gq,A

Xykscy xSl ¶ys;fjax fjMD”ku ikVZujf”ki ¼GGFR½ }kjk 2016 esa tkjh fd, x, vk¡dM+ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd oSf”od xSl laLQqj.k esa c<+ksrjh gqbZ gS vkSj T;knkrj ;s c<+ksrjh dqN ns”kksa tSls fd bZjku] :l ,oa bjkd ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA mixzg ls çkIr vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj 2016 esa 149 vjc ?ku ehVj xSl dk laLQqj.k gqvkA bu vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj 2016 esa bZjku] :l rFkk bjkd esa Øe”k% 4] 3 o 1 vjc ?ku ehVj xSl dk laLQqj.k gqvkA vesfjdk esa 2016 esa 9 vjc ?ku ehVj xSl dk çToyu gqvk gS tks fd 2015 ds 11 vjc ?ku ehVj dh rqyuk esa de gSA vesfjdk esa T;knkrj xSl laLQqj.k ckdu o bxy QksMZ “ksy v‚;y ds fodkl dh otg ls gqvk gSA fo”o ds ckdh fgLlksa esa xSl laLQqj.k de gqvk gS tcfd rsy dk mRiknu Lrj ogh gSA

2015 esa fo”o cSad us cgqr lh ljdkjksa] rsy daifu;ksa o fodkl laLFkkuksa ds lkFk feydj ,d oSf”od igy dh gS] ftldks vuqeksfnr djus okys lHkh ns”k] u, rsy {ks= fodkl esa ,lksfl,V xSl dk laLQqj.k ugha djsaxs rFkk 2030 ls igys LFkkfir rsy {ks=ksa ls fu;fer xSl laLQqj.k lekIr dj nsaxsA Hkkjr dh jk’Vªh; rsy daifu;ka vks,uthlh o v‚;y bafM;k fyfeVsM Þthjks :Vhu ¶ys;fjax ckbZ 2030ß igy esa çfrHkkxh gSaA

xSl laLQqj.k fuEufyf[kr i;kZoj.kh;] LokLF; ,oa vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dks tUe nsrh gS%

i;kZoj.kh; leL;k,a

¼i½ i;kZoj.k cnyko% xSl laLQqj.k i;kZoj.k ifjorZu dk ,d cM+k dkjd gSA xSl laLQqj.k CO2 mRltZu }kjk i;kZoj.k ifjorZu dks rhoz dj nsrk gS tks fd eq[; xzhugkml xSl gSA ehFksu xSl dks fcuk tyk, okrkoj.k esa NksM+uk Hkh i;kZoj.k ifjorZu dk eq[; dkj.k gSA CO2 rFkk ehFksu nksuksa fey dj HkweaMyh; rkiØe o`f) esa 80% ;ksxnku djrs gSaA

¼ii½ vEyh; o"kkZ% xSl laLQqj.k dks vEyh; o‘kkZ ls Hkh tksM+ dj ns[kk tkrk gSA vEyh; o‘kkZ dk çkFkfed dkjd lYQj vkSj ukbVªkstu v‚DlkbM mRltZu gS] tks fd okrkoj.k dh vkærk ls feydj lY¶;wfjd vEy vkSj ukbfVªd vEy dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA vEyh; o‘kkZ >hyksa o ufn;ksa dks vEyh; cuk nsrh gS rFkk ouLifr;ksa dks Hkh uqdlku igqapkrh gSA

20

¼iii½ —f"k% xSl laLQqj.k ds lkFk fudyus okys fofHkUu çnw‘kd rRo tSls ukbVªkstu] lYQj rFkk dkcZu ds v‚DlkbM] lw{e d.kh; inkFkZ] isVªks mRikn] vkWDlhMsaVl] gkbMªkstu lYQkbM o jk[k] e`nk dh vEyrk c<+k nsrs gSa ftlls fd e`nk ds iks‘kd rRo u‘V gks tkrs gSaA xSl laLQqj.k ds vkl ikl ds {ks= esa iSnk gksus okyh Qly esa Hkh iks‘kd rÙo de gks tkrs gSaA dqN {ks= vR;f/kd rkieku rFkk e`nk dh vEyrk ds dkj.k catj cu tkrs gSaA

LokLF; laca/kh leL;k,a

¼i½ çfrdwy çHkko% xSl laLQqj.k dk çHkko ekuo LokLF; ij eq[;r% xSl ds v/kwjs ngu ls mRiUu ?kkrd ok;q çnw‘kdksa ds dkj.k gksrk gS ftuesa dkcZu eksuksv‚DlkbM çeq[k gSA buds yEcs le; rd QsQM+ksa esa tkus ds dkj.k fofHkUu LokLF; leL;k,a tSls dSalj] U;wjksyksftdy] çtuu rFkk fodkl laca/kh fodkj mRiUu gks ldrs gSaA cPpksa esa fo—fr] QsQM+ksa dks uqdlku o Ropk laca/kh fodkj Hkh fjiksVZ fd, x, gSaA

¼ii½ jä laca/kh fodkj% gkbMªksdkcZu ;kSfxdksa dks jä laca/kh fodkjksa dk dkj.k Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA ;s cnyko ,uhfe;k] isaflVksisfu;k rFkk Y;wdsfe;k dk dkj.k curs gSaA

vkfFkZd çHkko

i;kZoj.kh; ,oa LokLF; leL;kvksa ds vykok xSl laLQqj.k ls vjcksa #i, dk vkfFkZd uqdlku Hkh gksrk gSA xSl laLQqj.k esa tyk, tkus okyh vjcksa ?ku ehVj xSl ?kjsyw bZa/ku vkSj fo|qr mRiknu esa bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA ;gk¡ /;ku nsus ;ksX; rF; gS fd yxHkx nl yk[k ?ku ehVj xSl ls çfrfnu nks lkS c;kyhl esxkokV fo|qr dk mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gS tks fd Hkkjr tSls jk‘Vª ds fy, cgqr egRo j[krh gSA

xSl laLQqj.k ls fdlh leL;k dk lek/kku ugha gksrk cfYd ;s ubZ leL;kvksa dks tUe nsrh gSA xSl laLQqj.k dks jksdus gsrq dbZ oSdfYid lek/kku gSa tks fd fuEu çdkj gSa %

¼i½ f}rh;d rsy çkfIr gsrq fjbatsD’ku

rsy ds lkFk mRikfnr xSl fjbatsD”ku ;k xSl fy¶V esa bLrseky dh tk ldrh gS tks fd xSl laLQqj.k dh rqyuk esa T;knk ykHkdkjh gSA xSl fjbatsD”u çfØ;k esa [kkyh gq, rsy vkxkj ¼reservoir½ esa ncko c<+kus gsrq xSl dks batsDV fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vkxkj ls rsy dk mRiknu c<+k;k tkrk gSA Hkkjh rsy ds mRiknu ds fy, xSl fy¶V esa xSl dk ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] xSl] rsy ds lkFk feydj mldh “;kurk de dj nsrh gS] ftlls dwiksa dh mRikndrk c<+ tkrh gSA

¼iii½ isVªksdsfedy l;a=ksa esa ÅtkZ L=ksr rFkk QhMLVkWd ds :i esa mi;ksx

çk—frd xSl dks LoPN bZa/ku ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s dks;ys o rsy dh çfr bdkbZ ÅtkZ dh rqyuk esa de vokafNr mRikn mRiUu djrh gSA xSl çfr fdyksokV ?kaVk fo|qr iSnk djus esa dks;ys dh rqyuk esa vk/kh dkcZu Mkbv‚DlkbM mRlftZr djrh gSA isVªksdsfedy l;a=ksa esa veksfu;k ls moZjd cukus ds fy, ehFksu xSl ç;ksx esa vkrh gSA ;gh çk—frd xSl gkbMªkstu ds mRiknu esa Hkh ç;ksx vkrh gS tks fd jlk;u ,oa rsy “kks/kd m|ksx esa çkFkfed QhMLVkWd dh rjg bLrseky gksrh gSA çk—frd xSl dk ç;ksx diM+k] dkap] LVhy] IykfLVd] isaV o vU; mRikn cukus esa Hkh gksrk gSA

21

¼iii½ laihfM+r çk—frd xSl

laihfM+r çk—frd xSl dks okguksa esa bZa/ku dh rjg Hkh bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA laihfM+r çk—frd xSl ,d LoPN o lLrk bZa/ku gSA

fu"d"kZ

laLQqj.k ls igys gesa Inter Generational Equity vFkkZr~ var% ih<+h lkE; dk /;ku vo”; djuk pkfg,A bl fl)kar ds vuqlkj gekjh ih<+h us lHkh thok”e bZa/kuksa dks vkus okyh ih<+h ls m/kkj fy;k gS D;ksafd ge vkt tks Hkh thok”e bZa/kuksa dk ç;ksx djrs gSa og vkxs vkus okys le; esa nksckjk mRikfnr ugha gks ik,xkA vr% ,d ckj mi;ksx esa vkus ds ckn mls iqu% mRikfnr gksus esa djksM+ksa o‘kZ yxsaxsA gekjk ;g drZO; curk gS fd ge thok”e bZ/ku dk O;FkZ laLQqj.k u djsa rFkk mldk lksp le> dj lgh mi;ksx djsaA

xSl laLQqj.k esa ek= uqdlku ds vykok dqN ugha gSA ;g okrkoj.k çnwf‘kr djus ds vykok xSl laLQqj.k {ks= ds vkl&ikl jgus okys yksxksa ds LokLF; ij Hkh foijhr çHkko Mkyrk gSA ;g iq[rk rkSj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd xSl laLQqj.k çpqj ek=k esa miyC/k lalk/ku dh tkucw> dj dh xbZ cckZnh gSA bls lekt ds }kjk vU;Fkk lkeuk dh tk jgh fofHkUu pqukSfr;ksa tSls ÅtkZ mRiknu] ÅtkZ laj{k.k rFkk HkweaMyh; rkiØe o`f) ds fuokj.k esa ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% fo”o cSad ds usr`Ro esa “kq: fd, x, Þthjks :Vhu ¶ys;fjax ckbZ 2030ß ds ifjçs{; esa lHkh jk‘Vªksa] rsy daifu;ksa o fodkl laLFkkuksa dks lkFk vkuk gksxk ftlls fd xSl laLQqj.k dks r; le; lhek ds Hkhrj “kwU; ij igq¡pk;k tk ldsA mEehn gS fd Hkfo‘; esa fofHkUu laLFkkvksa] daifu;ksa ,oa ns”kksa ds }kjk xSl laLQqj.k dks de djus ds lfEefyr ç;kl jax yk,axsA

M‚- vHk; 'kekZ ¼mi egkçca/kd&jlk;u½] ,oa

vfHkjke nso 'kekZ ¼mi eq[; HkwoSKkfud½ ¼oSdfYid mtkZ foHkkx½

22

‘kCn“kCn futhZo ugha] “kCnksa esa Hkh thou gksrk gS

NksVh lh gks ckr] fdUrq vlj cgqr l?ku gksrk gSA

“kCnksa esa oks rkdr gS] cjlksa dk :Bk eku tk,“kCnksa dk ,d okj Hkh] fj”rksa esa rwQku yk,A

udkjkRed “kCnksa ls] c<+rs dne Hkh yM+[kM+k,nks “kCn lqugjs vk”kkoknh] cqyafn;ksa dh vksj c<+k,A

dVq opu ds ck.kksa ls] vjekuksa dks ?kk;y gksrs ns[kk gSe`nqy&mEehn dh cksyh ls] [okcksa dks eqdEey gksrs ns[kk gSA

tc “kCnksa dk gS bruk çHkko] Hkk’kk esa gS bruk cyvkvks pqus ,slh ok.kh] lcdks feys lq[k vkSj lacyA

cksysa ,slh Hkk’kk] tks fxjrs gq, dks laHkkyuk fl[kk,“kCnksa ls ck¡Vsa oks gkSlyk] HkVdk jkgh Hkh jkLrk ik,A

,sls eq[kfjr gksa lcls] okrkoj.k esa feJh ?kqy tk,eu uhj lk fu”py cus] Dys”k }an Lo;a /kqy tk,A

“kCn xqatk,eku gksa ,sls] gj laokn esa laxhr dh Nfo txscuds ldkjkRed ÅtkZ] l`f’V ds d.k&d.k esa vkidk “kCn cgsA

e`nqyk flag¼ofj’B HkwHkkSfrdhfon~½

23

,d ckj fQj ns[ksa dNq, vkSj [kjxks’k dh dgkuhfnYyh esa ,d [kjxks”k vkSj ,d dNqvk jgrs FksA ,d fnu [kjxks”k us FkksM+s gyds :i esa dNq, dk /kheh xfr ds fy, etkd

mM+k;kA çfrfØ;k esa dNq, us [kjxks”k dks Ldksi d‚EIysDl ls ysdj pkanuh pkSd rd nkSM+ yxkus dh pqukSrh nhA fu/kkZfjr frfFk o le; dks nksuksa çkjafHkd LFkku ij tek gq, ,oa nkSM+ “kq: gqbZA [kjxks”k fctyh dh rsth ls HkkxkA nfj;kxat ikj djus ds ckn mlus lkspk fd ,d gYdh uhan ls dqN uqdlku ugha gksus okyk ysfdu mldh uhan FkksM+h T;knk yach gks xbZA blh chp dNqvk] [kjxks”k dks ikj djrs gq, pkanuh pkSd igq¡p x;kA le; ls cs[kcj [kjxks”k mBk vkSj lekfIr LFkku rd nkSM+ yxkbZA ogka mlus igq¡pdj ns[kk fd dNqvk vkjke dh uhan ys jgk gSA

çca/ku dh lh[k/kheh] fdarq Bksl xfr ls pyus okys gh nkSM+ thrrs gSaA

[kjxks”k ?kj x;k vkSj tYnh le> x;k fd fuf”parrk vkSj vfr vkRefo”okl gh mldh gkj ds dkj.k FksA mlus xyrh u nksgjkus dh “kiFk yhA fQj mlus dNq, dks ,d vkSj nkSM+ ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;kA dNq, us vius fe= dh çkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yhA fu/kkZfjr frfFk ,oa le; dks nksuksa çkjafHkd LFkku ij tek gq,A nkSM+ “kq: gqbZA bl ckj [kjxks”k lekfIr LFkku rd fcuk #ds igq¡p x;k vkSj vkjke ls nkSM+ thr yhA

çca/ku dh lh[krst] /;ku dsafær j[kus okys ,oa Bksl xfr ls nkSM+ thrrs gSaAysfdu dgkuh ;gka lekIr ugha gksrhA

dNqvk ?kj x;k ,oa xgjs fopkj esa Mwc x;kA og tkurk Fkk fd [kjxks”k dks xfr esa ugha gjk;k tk ldrkA fQj mlus fopkj fd;kA var esa mls ,d mik; lw> gh x;kA rc mlus [kjxks”k dks ,d vkSj nkSM+ ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;kA ysfdu bl ckj nwjh ,oa eaftysa vyx FkhaA bl ckj nkSM+ Ldksi d‚EIysDl ls e;wj fogkj rd FkhA [kjxks”k jkth gks x;kA fu/kkZfjr le; o LFkku ij nksuksa tek gq, ,oa nkSM+ “kq: gqbZA [kjxks”k fctyh dh rsth ls Hkkxk] rqjar og ;equk ds fdukjs igq¡p x;kA ogk¡ mls Hkkjh fujk”kk dk lkeuk djuk iM+k D;ksafd mls rSjuk rks vkrk gh ugha FkkA dNqvk ;equk ds fdukjs igq¡pk] [kjxks”k dh rjQ ns[kk ,oa vkjke ls ikuh esa ?kql x;k] e;wj fogkj x;k ,oa okil vk x;kAçca/ku dh lh[kfo’ks"k {kerk gh nkSM+ esa thr fnykrh gSAysfdu dgkuh ;gha lekIr ugha gksrhA

nksuksa fe= FksA blfy, nksuksa us fu.kZ; fd;k fd cgqr gks xbZ ,d nwljs ds f[kykQ nkSM+A D;ksa u ubZ lksp ds lkFk dqN ,slk jkLrk fudkyk tk, ftlls nksuksa feydj Ldksi d‚EIysDl ls e;wj fogkj rd dh nwjh dks ;FkklaHko “kh?kzrk ls r; dj ysaA cgqr lkspus le>us ds ckn muds eu esa ,d fopkj vk;k] ftls mUgksaus vxyh lqcg vktekus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA fu/kkZfjr le; ij nksuksa çkjafHkd LFkku ij feysA dNqvk [kjxks”k dh ihB ij cSB x;k] [kjxks”k rsth ls ;equk ds fdukjs rd nkSM+ x;kA ogk¡ ls [kjxks”k dNq, dh ihB ij cSB x;k ,oa dNqvk vkjke ls unh ikj dj x;kA nwljh rjQ igq¡pus ij dNqvk fQj [kjxks”k dh ihB ij cSB x;k ,oa [kjxks”k rsth ls e;wj fogkj igq¡p x;kA bl rjg nksuksa U;wure le; esa e;wj fogkj igq¡p x,Açca/ku dh lh[ku, fopkj ,oa VheodZ ls gh nkSM+ esa thr feyrh gSA

f’kykfnR; HkêkpkthZ egkçca/kd ¼ekuo lalk/ku½

izca/ku vkSj iapra=

24

o`{k dh osnukrirh /kwi esa cSBk]vc D;ksa fpYykrk /kwi&/kwi][kkus dks tks fey jgk] çnw’k.k vkSj /kwyA

gfj;kyh dks Hkxk]vc [kkstrk gS fdldks]ns[kus dks fey jgh]lM+dsa&Hkou tks rq>dksA

eSa tks dgrk Fkk]u NksM+ks esjk lkFk]u jgk rks]eyrs jg tkvksxs gkFkA

gkFk u vk,xh]ijNkbZ Hkh esjh]rjlk djksxs]BaMh Nk¡o dks esjhA

ek¡xk eSaus dqN Hkh ugha]cl nsuk gh pkgk]fQj Hkh rqedks]esjk lkFk u Hkk;kA

le; vHkh chrk ugha]lc dqN vHkh jhrk ugha]rckg gks tk,xh nqfu;k]xj vHkh Hkh rw psrk ughaA

eSa chrk oä ugha tks]ykSV u vk,]eq>s rks cpk u lds]esjs uUgksa dks cpk,aA

vfurk of’k"Vijke”kZnkrk ¼jktHkk’kk½

25

tura=MkW- ujsaæ dksgyh

Hkksykjke cgqr tYnh esa FkkA og gkFk esa MaMk vkSj >aMk fy, Hkkxk tk jgk FkkA

^^dgk¡ tk jgs gks Hkksykjke\** eSaus iwNkA

^^LVs”ku A^^

^^xkM+h idM+uh gS\**

^^ugha] jsyxkM+h esa vkx yxkus tk jgk gw¡A**

^^D;ksa\** eSaus iwNk] ^^cspkjh jsyxkM+h us rqEgkjk D;k fcxkM+k gS\ oSls Hkh og ns”k dh laifÙk gSA**

^^rks ns”k us fcgkj esa gekjs ny dh ljdkj D;ksa ugha cukbZ\** og fcxM+ dj cksyk] ^^gekjh ljdkj ugha cusxh rks ge ns”k esa vkx yxk nsaxsA**

^^;g rks dksbZ tura= u gqvkA** eSaus dgk] ^^tks fo/kk;d pquko esa thr dj vk, gSa] os lc fo/kkulHkk esa gksaxsA os ogk¡ ;g fu.kZ; dj ldrs gSa fd cgqer fdl dk gS] mlh ny dh ljdkj cusA**

^^ge rks fo/kk;d mUgha dks ekurs gSa] tks gekjs ny ds gSaA** og cksyk] ^^gekjs ny ds ckgj ds yksx csbZekuh ls vk, gSaA**

^^D;ksa\** eSaus iwNk] ^^,slk dgus dk dkj.k\**

^^geus lkjs cwFkksa ds pquko vf/kdkfj;ksa dks le>k fn;k Fkk fd HkksV ¼oksV½ dSls Nkiuk gSA tgk¡ ugha le>k ik,] ogk¡ vius yksxksa dks le>k fn;k Fkk fd cwFk ywVuk dSls gSA** og cksyk] ^^,sls esa fdlh vkSj ny dk dksbZ vkneh thr gh dSls ldrk gS\** eSa ml dh vksj ns[krk gh jg x;k] cksyk dqN Hkh ughaA “kk;n og le> ugha jgk Fkk fd og D;k dg jgk gSA

^^blfy,] gekjs ny ds ckgj dk tks vkneh thr dj vk;k gS] og csbZekuh ls vk;k gSA** Hkksykjke cksyk] ^^og fo/kk;d gS ;k ugha** mls u fo/kku lHkk esa cSBus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj u ljdkj cukus dkA ljdkj rks gejs gh ny dh cusxhA**

^^;g rks dksbZ tura= u gqvkA** esjs eq¡g ls fudykA

^^ge tura= dks ogha rd ekurs gSa] tgk¡ rd og gekjs i{k esa gSaA** ml us dgk] ^^tgk¡ og gekjs fo#) tkrk gS] ogk¡ ls ge tura= fojks/kh gks tkrs gSaA**

^^bl dk vFkZ gqvk fd rqe ns”k ds lafo/kku dks ugha ekursA**

^^ekurs gSa] fdarq ogha rd] tgk¡ rd og gekjs i{k esa tkrk gSA** ml us dgk] ^^gekjk ny pquko thrs rks lafo/kku gekjs flj ekFks ij] fdarq ;fn gekjk ny pquko ugha thrrk rks ge fdlh vkSj dks ljdkj cukus ugha nsaxsA**

^^bl dk D;k vFkZ gqvk\**

26

^^vFkZ rqEgkjh le> esa ugha vkrk rks ge D;k djsaA** og cksyk] ^^;gk¡ HkksVj yksx gekjs i{k esa gSaA lkjs HkksVj gekjs gSaA rks fQj nwljk dksbZ ny ljdkj cuk dSls ldrk gSA**

^^ftu yksxksa us rqEgkjs ny ds fo#) ernku fd;k gS] os ernkrk ugha gSa\**

^^gksaxs ernkrk] ij os HkksVj ugha gSA** og cksyk] ^^m lc ckgj ls yk, x, gSaA gekjs çns”k dk HkksVj rks ogha gS] tks gekjs ny dks HkksV nsaA**

^^tks rqEgkjs i{k esa er ugha nsrk] mls fcgkj ls fudky nksxs\**

^^fudky D;ksa nsaxsA** og ç[kj Loj esa cksyk] ^^vjs mls ge xaxk th esa Mqcks nsaxsA**

^^rqEgsa ekywe gS fd phu esa fdlh us jsyxkM+h esa vkx yxkbZ Fkh] rks mls e`R;qnaM fn;k x;k Fkk\

^^fn;k gksxkA** og ykijokgh ls cksyk] ^^vius ns”k esa m lc ugha gksrkA bgk¡ rks dsoy ge gh nwljksa dks e`R;qnaM nsrs jgrs gSaaaaA

^^D;ksa\**

^^D;ksa fd bgk¡ ,drjQk ;krk;kr gSA ou os fVjSfQdA**

^^mu ;kf=;ksa us rqEgkjk D;k fcxkM+k gS] tks jsyxkM+h esa ;k=k dj jgs gSaA**

^^fcxkM+k\ vHkh dqN fcxkM+k gh ugha gS\** og fpYyk;k] ^^bgk¡ gekjs fojks/kh ny dh ljdkj cu xbZ gS vkSj og jsy esa ;k=k dj jgk gSA mls bgk¡ vk dj gekjs lkFk fey dj ns”k dks vkx yxkus pkfg, ;k ugha\**

^^rqe dks jkt djus dk fo”ks’kkf/kdkj çkIr gS D;k\**

^^fo”ks‘kkf/kdkj\ vjs] gekjk rks tUeS gqvk gS jkt djus ds fy,A** ml us #ddj esjh vksj ns[kk] ^^ge jkt djsaxs rks çns”k dk gh ugha] lkjs ns”k dk jä fi,axs vkSj jkt djus ugha nksxs rks** ml us vkXus; us=ksa ls esjh vksj ns[kk] ^^rks lkjs ns”k esa vkx yxk nsaxsA gekjk rks tura= ;gh gS vkSj fdlh tura= dks u ge tkurs gSa] u tkuuk pkgrs gSaA m lc Qkalhokn gSA**

ladyudrkZ & fo’kk[kk xqIrk¼v/kh{kd HkwHkkSfrdhfon~½

27

Hkkjr ds xSl gkbMªsVlO;kolkf;d mRiknu vc Hkh ,d n”kd nwj gS] ysfdu çk—frd xSl gkbMªsV ¼,uth,p½ Hkkjr ds fy, ,d

laHkkfor gkbMªsV gSA

Hkkjr vkSj tkiku esa çk—frd xSl gkbMªsV ¼,uth,p½ vuqla/kku esa “kkfey la;qä jkT; vesfjdk ds ft;ksy‚ftdy losZ ¼;w,lth,l½ us caxky dh [kkM+h esa ,uth,p dh csgn le`) laxzg dh [kkst esa Hkkjrh; isVªksfy;e ea=ky; dh enn dh gSA ;g [kkst Hkkjr ds iwohZ rV ls —’.kk&xksnkojh csflu esa xSl gkbMªsVl ds ,d laHkkfor :i ls ç”khfrr cM+s lap; ds lkFk viuh rjg dh igyh [kkst gSA

gkbMªsV ,uthZ baVjus”kuy ¼,pbvkbZ½ us 933 fVªfy;u D;wfcd QhV ij Hkkjr ds ,uth,p lzksr dh {kerk dk vuqeku yxk;k gS] tks oSf”od Lrj ij ÅtkZ {ks= esa xse psatj lkfcr gks ldrk gS] c”krsZ fd gkbMªsV vkxkjksa ls xSl mRiknu ds fy, çkS|ksfxfd;ka rduhdh&vkfFkZd :i ls fdQk;rh gks ldsaA

nqfu;k Hkj esa vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl laxBu çk—frd xSl gkbMªsVl dk irk yxkus vkSj mudk mi;ksx djus ds fy, dbZ rduhdksa dks ifjHkkf’kr vkSj fodflr dj jgs gSa] Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh dqN HkaMkjksa esa blds mRiknu ijh{k.k dh tkap dj jgh gSA

,uth,p ds vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl esa rsth ykus ds ihNs lcls cM+k çksRlkgu bldh cgqrk;r esa gS] tks vU; lHkh oSf”od thok”e bZa/ku dks feykdj Hkh T;knk gSA blfy,] ;g lalk/ku nqfu;k ds fy, ,d ,uthZ miyC/krk cu ldrk gSA Hkkjr tSls dbZ vU; ns”kksa dh ÅtkZ ladV dh deh dks lqy>kus esa xse psatj dh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA orZeku esa ftUgsa bZa/ku dh vkiwfrZ dk ,d cM+k fgLlk vk;kr djuk iM+rk gSA

,uth,p ds fodkl dh nwljh lcls cM+h çsj.kk ;g gS fd os leqæh ifjos”k esa O;kid :i ls forfjr ik, tkrs gSa] tgka 99% oSf”od bUosaVjh miyC/k gSA ckdh 1% vkdZfVd {ks=ksa esa iekZÝkLV esa ekStwn gSA

Hkkjr vius ,uth,p vkxkjksa dks fodflr djus vkSj vius ,uth,p dk;ZØe dks rsth ls vkxs c<+kus ds fy,] viuh c<+rh ÅtkZ ekax] bldh vkiwfrZ dh vfuf”prrk vkSj xzhugkml xSlksa ¼th,pth½ dks de djus dh rkRdkfyd vko”;drk ls fuiVus ds fy, ç;Ru djsxkA gkykafd] vU; ns”kksa dh rjg gh Hkkjr Hkh ,uth,p lalk/kuksa ds fodkl ds çkjafHkd pj.k esa gS vkSj bl {ks= esa blds lkeus vkfFkZd vkSj rduhdh pqukSfr;k¡ ekStwn gSaA

çk—frd xSl gkbMªsVl D;k gS \bl NGH “kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx ̂ ^ehFksu gkbMªsV** ̂ ^xSl gkbMªsV]** vkSj “clathrateß ds lkFk Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA ;s

gkbMªsV fLFkjrk okys {ks= ¼th,p,ltsM½ ds :i esa mPp ncko vkSj fuEu rkieku ds rgr LokHkkfod :i ls fufeZr ikuh vkSj ehFksu ds Bksl cQZ ds la;kstu gSaA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ {ks= esa vfrfjä dkcZu] dkcZu dh mifLFkfr okys {ks= esa ,uth,p dh miyC/krk lqfuf”pr dj ldrh gSA ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd xSl gkbMªsVl nqfu;k ds eksckby dkcZfud dkcZu ds ,d frgkbZ fgLls ds cjkcj gSA çk—frd xSl gkbMªsVl nks eq[; vkdZfVd vkSj egklkxj {ks=ksa esa curs gSaA vkdZfVd esa] ,uth,p dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS tgk¡ BaMh gok dk rkieku LFkk;h :i ls teh gqbZ feêh ;k iekZÝkLV dh eksVh ijr] Hkwfe dh lrg ds uhps ls yxHkx 300 ls 400 ehVj ¼1000 ls 1]300 QhV½ dh xgjkbZ esa cukrs gSaA

,d lkxj ;k xgjh ns”kh; >hyksa] tc ehFksu vkSj ikuh mPp ncko vkSj de rkieku 300 ls 500 ehVj ¼1]000 1]600 QhV½ ;k vkoj.k ikuh dh vf/kdrk }kjk mRiUu gksrk gS rks NGH curs gSaA gkykafd] nksuksa ekeyksa esa] fu{ksi dh mPp lads{k.k vkSj lkFk gh bldh lqjf{kr olwyh ;ksX; ,uth,p esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk

28

gSA blds vykok] ,d leqæh okrkoj.k esa] ,uth,p xgjs ikuh] mFkys ikuh dh xgjkbZ esa ekStwn gS vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd xeZ leqæ ry ds uhps ds rkieku esa Hkh] lVhd jklk;fud lajpuk ij vk/kkfjr gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy,] esfDldks dh [kkM+h esa] ,uth,p 20 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM ¼68 fMxzh QkjsugkbV½ ds mFkys ikuh dh xgjkbZ vkSj mPp rkieku ds ikuh esa ik;k x;k gSA ;g xSl ds feJ.k esa bZFksu dh ekStwnxh ds dkj.k gks ldrk gS] de ncko ds lkFk vf/kd fLFkjrk çnku djrk gS vkSj xeZ ikuh esa bldk vfLrRo laHko gks ldrk gSA ;g bl çdkj dk ,d xSl feJ.k gS fd flQZ 10% bZFksu “kkfey ikuh dkye ds 60 ehVj dh nwjh ¼200 QhV½ ds lkFk 6 ok;qeaMy ¼,Vh,e½ esa ,d NGH dks fLFkj cuk nsrk gSA ;g 10% ehFksu gkbMªsV~l ds lkFk fo‘kerk gS] tks dsoy 400 ehVj ¼1]300 QqV½ ikuh ds dkye ds lkFk yxHkx 40 ok;qeaMy ls vf/kd ncko esa fLFkj gSA

leL;k ls laHkkouk rd,uth,p vfLFkj ;kSfxd gS tks vR;f/kd BaM vkSj xgjs ikuh ds tcjnLr Hkkj esa fLFkj gSaA rFkkfi] tc çk—frd xSl gkbMªsVl dks vPNh rjg ls fMªy d‚ye ds vanj cuk;k tkrk gS] rks og csgn [krjukd gks tkrk gSA LFkk;h xehZ vkSj fupys ncko dks 20 vçSy 2010 dks eSfDldks dh [kkM+h esa chih ds xgjs ikuh dwi fjx esa gqvk foLQksV vR;ar [krjukd Fkk ftls de ncko 164 xquk dh ek=k ds foLrkj “kh?kz gh foLrkfjr dj ldrs gSaA blds ifj.kkeLo:i thou dh {kfr gqbZ vkSj [kkM+h esa vuqekfur rhu fefy;u xSyu dPps rsy dks [kkM+h esa Mkyuk iM+k vkSj blls leqæh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= [krjs esa iM+ x;k gSA ,uth,p dks ,d fMªfyax [krjs ds :i esa yacs le; ls ekuk tkrk jgk gS] 1930 ds n”kd esa] tc gkbMªsV rsy vkSj xSl] ikbiykbuksa esa #dkoV mRiUu djrs Fks rHkh ls blds [krjs dks Hkkai fy;k x;k FkkA

fdarq ÅtkZ dh c<+rh ekax] tyok;q laca/kh fpark,a vkSj LoPN thok”e bZa/ku dh rjQ c<+us dh bPNk us Hkfo’; ds laHkkfor ÅtkZ lzksr ds :i esa ,uth,p dh O;k[;k dks cny fn;k gSA gkykafd] vHkh Hkh ,uth,p dk mRiknu vkSj mls i;kZoj.kh; :i ls lqjf{kr rjhds ls ÅtkZ esa ifjofrZr djuk ,d egRoiw.kZ pqukSrh gSA çkS|ksfxdh dks bl laHkkfor fo”kky ÅtkZ lalk/ku dk nksgu djus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA tSlk fd VsDuksy‚th us la;qä jkT; esa ,d “ksy cwe ykus esa enn dh gS] xSl gkbMªsVl ds vo”kks’k.k dks l{ke djus ds fy, ,slk djuk gksxkA ,uth,p eq[;r% nqxZe {ks=ksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA xgjs vkSj vfr xgjs ty esa rFkk vkdZfVd esa] blfy, muds fodkl esa ubZ çkS|ksfxfd;ka egRoiw.kZ lkfcr gksaxhA

gkykafd] ,uth,p {ks=ksa ls ehFksu dks çkIr djuk dkQh ykHkçn gksxk ftls tksf[keksa ds lkFk larqfyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g fodkl”khy ,uth,p ds fodkl ls tqM+s varfuZfgr tksf[keksa dks de djus ds fy, vf/kd dM+s ç;kl dh ekax djrk gSA blfy, pqukSrh] gkbMªsV lajpukvksa ls okrkoj.k esa vfu;af=r nksgu ds laca/k esa gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i fjlko gks ldrk gS vkSj ,u,pth fu‘dklu v{ke vkSj O;FkZ cuk ldrk gSA 2014 esa la;qä jk’Vª i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe esa çdkf”kr fjiksVZ ^^Ýkstsu ghV% ehFksu xSl gkbMªsV ij ,d oSf”od vkmVyqd** “kh’kZd ds vuqlkj] xSl gkbMªsV vlac)rk] Hkfo’; dh okfeaZx] egklkxj vEyhdj.k vkSj v‚Dlhtu dk uqdlku c<+k ldrk gSA

gkykafd] gky ds v/;;uksa ls ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd vUos’k.k ;k mRiknu xfrfof/k;ksa ds ikl BaMs leqæh ty ds lapyu ,uth,p ls çsfjr ryNV vfLFkjrk ds tksf[ke dks ukVdh; :i ls de djus ds fy, i;kZIr gS rFkk blds vfrfjä vU; jsfÝtjs”ku rduhdksa ds mi;ksx ,uth,p lalk/kuksa ds i;kZoj.kh; tksf[ke ds y{k.kksa dks dkQh de djrk gSA ,uth,p {ks=ksa ls çk—frd xSl ds mRiknu dh ykxr dks de djuk ,d vkSj pqukSrh gSA orZeku çkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj miyC/k fo”ks’kKrkvksa ds Lrj ij] xSl gkbMªsVl fu’dklu ,d cgqr gh egaxk ekeyk gS] ftlls vxys 10 ls 15 o’kksaZ rd okf.kfT;d mRiknu dh laHkkouk de gh gS] ;fn dksbZ Rofjr rduhdh lQyrk ugha feyrhA

29

losyeh esa çdkf”kr MSjsu LikfYMax vkSj ykSjk Q‚Dl }kjk yanu esa ebZ 2014 ds vad esa çdkf”kr **ehFksu gkbMªsVl dh pqukSfr;k¡** “kh’kZd ,d ys[k esa] vuqeku yxk;k gS fd ehFksu gkbMªsVl ls xSl mRiknu dh ykxr 30&50 ;w,l M‚yj çfr fefy;u fczfV”k FkeZy ;wfuV ¼,e,echVh;w½ gksxhA ,uth,p dh lzksr {kerk dk vkdyu djus ds ckn] nqfu;k vc bl ÅtkZ lzksr ds fodkl dh leL;kvksa ds i”pkr~ blds çca/ku djus ds rjhdksa ds fodkl dh vksj mUeq[k gSA blls rsy vkSj dks;ys ds LFkku ij bZa/ku ds :i esa cM+s iSekus ij oSdfYid LoPN thok”e bZa/ku dh fn”kk esa mUeq[k oSf”od ç;klksa dks leFkZu fey ldrk gS] ftlls fd xzhu gkml mRltZu dks de djus esa egRoiw.kZ lQyrk fey ldrh gSA

tkiku] Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k tSls vYi ÅtkZ miyC/krk okys vk;krd ns”kksa esa çk—frd xSl tSls Dyhuj thok”e bZa/ku dh fn”kk esa cnyko dh t:jr gSA bldks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dbZ ns”kksa us ,uth,p dk;ZØeksa dks “kq: fd;k gSA ;w,l fMikVZesaV v‚Q ,uthZ ¼MhvksbZ½ us vc rd ,uth,p vuqla/kku esa ,d vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS] ftlds ckn tkiku us 1990 ds n”kd ds e/; esa ,d vuqla/kku dk;ZØe dh “kq#vkr dh gSA gkykafd] ,uth,p vuqla/kku vc Hkh vuqla/kku Lrj ij gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa dgha Hkh okf.kfT;d mRiknu ugha gks jgk gSA bl laca/k esa dbZ mRiknu vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl ds v/;;u ds vius&vius dk;ZØeksa ds rgr dukMk ds eSdsath MsYVk vkSj Nankai] lkbV tkiku ds nf{k.kh rV ij dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSaA

Hkkjr esa xSl gkbMªsV dk;ZØe

Hkkjr esa isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ds rRoko/kku esa xSl gkbMªsV dk;ZØe 1996 esa xSl vFk‚fjVh v‚Q bafM;k fyfeVsM ¼xsy½ }kjk “kq: fd;k x;k FkkA vesfjdk ds ÅtkZ foHkkx ds igys jk’Vªh; ,uth,p dk;ZØe ds ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij 1982 esa fufeZr] us”kuy xSl gkbMªsV çksxzke ¼,uth,pih½ dk vkjaHk gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; ¼Mhth,p½ ds varxZr fd;k x;k FkkA

jk’Vªh; rsy daifu;ksa tSls vk;y ,aM uspqjy xSl d‚iksZjs”ku fyfeVsM] xsy] bafM;u v‚;y d‚iksZjs”ku fyfeVsM] v‚;y bafM;k fyfeVsM] jk’Vªh; leqæh vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼,uvkbZvks½] jk’Vªh; Hkw&HkkSfrd vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼,uthvkjvkbZ½ vkSj jk’Vªh; leqæ çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku ¼,uthvksVh½ dh Hkkjrh; mirV ¼”ksYQ½ esa lzksr laHkkO;rk ds lkFk&lkFk ,uth,p ds lqjf{kr mRiknu ds fy, rduhdh fodkl dk;Z lkSaik x;k gSA blds vykok] isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; rFkk gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; us ;w,lth,l] ;w,l&MhvksbZ ¼uohuhdj.k ds v/khu½ ;w,l feujy eSustesaV lfoZlst ¼vc vks”ku ,uthZ eSustesaV½ ¼uohuhdj.k ds v/khu½] tkiku vk;y] xSl ,aM esaVy us”kuy d‚iksZjs”ku ¼tsvksth,ebZlh½ th,QtSM&iksLVMSe] teZuh rFkk vkbZ,Q,e&th bZvks,evkj] teZuh ds lkFk le>kSrk Kkiuksa ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA

,uth,pih us 2006 esa viuk vfHk;ku&01 vkjaHk fd;k Fkk ftlesa —’.kk xksnkojh ¼dsth½] egkunh vkSj vaMeku csfluksa esa ,uth,p dh mYys[kuh; ek=k dh ekStwnxh LFkkfir dh xbZ gSA bl vfHk;ku ds rgr bl {ks= ds xSl gkbMªsVl dh laHkkouk ij dksbZ ewY;kadu ugha fd;k x;k gSA gkykafd] gkbMªsV ,uthZ baVjus”kuy us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd Hkkjr esa ,u,pth 933 Vhlh,Q dh vuqekfur ek=k esa miyC/krk laHkkfor gSA bl pj.k ds rgr] pkj {ks=ksa esa 21 lkbVksa dks fMªy fd;k x;k % dsjy dksad.k csflu( if”peh rV( —’.kk&xksnkojh csflu] iwohZ rV] egkunh csflu] iwohZ rV vkSj vaMeku lkxjA

2015 esa ifjpkyu lfefr }kjk vuqeksfnr vfHk;ku&02 dks mu lkbVksa dh igpku djus dk dke lkSaik x;k gS tks vkn”kZ :i ls ¼1½ jsr ij gkoh gksus okys jsM gkbMªsVl dh laHkkoukvksa] ¼2½ dkQh l?ku vo{ksi.k vkSj ¼3½ xSl gkbMªsV ds uhps Ýh xSl dh ?kVuk fLFkjrk okys {ks= gSaA bl vfHk;ku ds rgr] fMªfyax vkSj dksfjax vkijs”ku vR;k/kqfud tkikuh iksr] ftls Chikyu dgk tkrk gS] dks dsth csflu ds 40 dwiksa esa xSl gkbMªsVl vUos’k.k gsrq osf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA

30

lapkyu lfefr us ,uth,pih vfHk;ku&02 dh O;; jkf”k dh Hkkxhnkjh dks Hkh eatwjh ns nh gSA bl pj.k ds ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij] ,uth,pih vfHk;ku&03 esa ik;yV mRiknu ijh{k.k djus ds fy, mi;qä LFkkuksa dh igpku djus ds fy, vkxs ds losZ{k.k vkSj HkwoSKkfud v/;;u dh ;kstuk cukbZ tk jgh gSA blls igys] i`Foh foKku ea=ky; ¼,evksbZ,l½ ds rgr] ,d O;kid “kks/k mUeq[k xSl gkbMªsVl dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk ftldk mís”; oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh fodkl ij cy nsuk] leqæh volknksa esa xSl gkbMªsVl ds forj.k dh ç—fr dh tkudkjh çkIr djuk Fkk] xSl gkbMªsVl dh igpku vkSj ek=k ds Bgjko ds fy, rduhd fodflr djuk] {ks=h; iSekus ij vk”kktud LFkyksa dh igpku djuk vkSj lalk/kuksa ds laHkkfor vkdyu vkSj xSl gkbMªsVl ds lap;u ds nkSjku i;kZoj.kh; xM+cM+h dh fuxjkuh djuk gSA

fu"d"kZ

isVªksVsd&2016 ds volj ij vius Hkk‘k.k esa] Hkkjr ds ç/kkuea=h Jh ujsaæ eksnh us ,d ckj fQj ls Hkkjr ds ?kjsyw rsy vkSj xSl mRiknu dks c<+kus vkSj ,d xSl vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj ç;kl djrs gq, vk;kr fuHkZjrk de djus dh vko”;drk ij cy fn;kA Hkkjr dk Rofjr ,uth,p dk;ZØe bl fn”kk esa ,d vxyk dne gSA rduhdh fodkl ds pyrs vesfjdk esa ^”ksy cwe* vkdyu esa enn feyh vkSj ,d n”kd ds varjky esa rsth ls foLrkj gqvk gSA ,uth,p ds {ks= esa nqfu;k Hkj esa gq, bl fodkl dk ge vuqlj.k dj ldrs gSaA

fo”ks’kdj] “ksy mRiknu dh tehuh tfVyrkvksa ds foijhr] ,uth,p esa HkkSfrd xq.kksa vkSj vkxkj dh lajpuk,a gksrh gSa tks ijaijkxr gkbMªksdkcZu olwyh ds rjhdksa dk mi;ksx dj mRiknu ds fy, mi;qä gksrh gSaA bl çdkj] ,uth,p ds mRiknu ijh{k.k esa ekStwnk cqfu;knh <kaps dh txg xSl dh çR;{k vkiwfrZ gks ldrh gSA gkykafd] Hkfo’; ds ,uth,p dk ewY;kadu fuf”pr :i ls oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh ck/kkvksa dks ikj djus ds vykok lkekftd] vkfFkZd] i;kZoj.kh; vkSj jktuhfrd bPNk”kfä ij fuHkZj djsxk] fo”ks’k :i ls ekStwnk çk—frd xSl ds cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj cktkjksa ds i;kZoj.k ds fy, lqjf{kr fu‘dklu vkSj ifjogu ds laca/k esaA

rkRdkfyd Hkfo’; ds fy,] ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd ljdkj ,uth,p vuqla/kku ds fy, i;kZIr /ku miyC/k djk, vkSj gkbMªksdkcZu m|ksx dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds ek/;e ls l?ku ç;kl tkjh j[ksA dqN ck/kkvksa dks ns[krs gq, ,uth,p dk okf.kfT;d mRiknu vHkh Hkh de ls de ,d n”kd nwj gSA ;g Hkkjr dks ijaijkxr ÅtkZ lzksrksa ds vfrfjä xSj&ijaijkxr ÅtkZ lzksrksa tSls “ksy xSl vkSj dksy csM ehFksu ¼lhch,e½ lao/kZu esa lgk;rk djsxkA

lzksr% baVjusVA

vt; daly

mi egkçca/kd ¼mRiknu½

31

Le`fr iVy

ckY;dky dk Hkksykiu Fkk

papy] piy o lR; lek,

[ksys dwns ftu dwpksa esa

cjcl mudh ;kn lrk,A

çkS<+koLFkk esa thou us

ân; fonkjd lR; fl[kk,

lk[k lhf<+;ksa ls p<+&p<+ dj

u,&u, vk;ke cuk,A

thou ds vc bl iM+ko ij

mn~osfyr ;s eu gks tk,

viyd –x D;ksa os iy [kkstsa

tks cpiu Fkk fy, lek,A

;ksxsUæ flag

¼mi eq[; HkwHkkSfrdhfon~½

32

lR; gh lsok] fu"Bk gh /keZ]u d:a Hkz"Vkpkj tSlk dqdeZA

[kksVh uh;r ugha vc gS iwjh bZekunkjh]loZtu fgr dh gS vc ge ij ftEesnkjhA

vkpj.k esa gks f”k"Vkpkj vkSj ân; esa mPp fopkj]fudV u vk, Hkz"VkpkjA

lsok Hkko gks tks eu ds vanj]Hkz"Vkpkj jgs nwj fujarjA

[kcj gksxh tekus dks]tc bZeka u jgsxk vktekus dksA

bZekunkjh dh uhfr vkSj yksd fgr dh —fr]fQj ls fuekZ.k djsa ekuork dh laL—fr] djds nksuksa ls çhfrA

er Qalks Hkz"Vkpkj ds nyny esa] blesa xgjh [kkbZ gS]idM+s tkus ij fuf”pr tsy vkSj tx&galkbZ gSA

bZekunkjh yk,xh csgrj dy]gksxk tu&tu dk Hkfo"; mTToyA

tc Hkz"Vkpkj dk gks mUewyu]rc jk"Vª fodkl dk cus lehdj.kA

lekt esa [kq”kgkyh ogh ykrs gSa]tks lR;fu"Bk dks viukrs gSaA

Mh-th-,p- dkfeZdksa }kjk Hkz"Vkpkj ij okj

¼lrdZrk tkx:drk lIrkg ds nkSjku Lyksxu izfr;ksfxrk ds varxZr izkIr izfof’V;k¡½

33

vksiu ,dfjt ykblsal dk izfØ;k izokg Mk;xzke

usgk druk¼ofj’B HkwfoKkuh½

34

fganh dh O;Fkk

gk¡ eSa fganh gw¡] fganh gh rks gw¡Apapy cM+h uknku gw¡ eSa] bl ns”k dh Hkk’kk gw¡ eSatksM+w¡ lHkh dks lw= esa] lw=/kkj eSa Hkkjr dh gw¡A

fganw Hkh gw¡] eqfLye Hkh eSa---- flD[k Hkh cuh] blkbZ esa eSa]rqylh] dchj vkSj ehjk us] ftls lqj lkxj esa xk;k gS]fganh us lcdks viuk;k] vaxzsth us fd;k ijk;k gSA

HkVdh dbZ Hkk’kk,¡ gSa] catkfjuksa ds Hks’k esa]fganh dk gh lwuk vk¡xu] D;ksa vius gh gS ns”k esaAftldks feyh dgrk x;k] vfLrRo u vc rsjk jgk]fu%”kCn [kM+h lc ns[krh] fQj Hkh lnk eSa lax pyhA

u pkgrs fganh dks tks] vkg~oku fQj D;ksa djrs gks]eSa dke dh tc uk rsjs] fQj uke dks D;ksa ;kn djrs gksA

pkgks] rks Hkh u eSa tkÅ¡xh] u pkgds Hkh eSa vkÅ¡xh]vanj gw¡ eSa rsjs clh] gj vDl esa eSa fn[kwaxhA

gj ckr esa] vYQkt esa] tc fganh cksyh tkrh gS]dkgs dks fQj dgrs gks HkkbZ] fganh gesa vkrh ugha gSAle>ks lnk gj jk’Vª esa] Hkk’kkvksa dh bl ck<+ esa]fey ds pys rks vkxs gSa] tks Fke x, oks uk cpsA

lalkj ds bl pØ dh] ,slh vuks[kh ek;k gS]u pkgks fQj Hkh gj txg] ihNs rqEgkjh Nk;k gSA

,sls gh Hkkjr ns”k dh] eSa ogh ijNkbZ gw¡]feVuk esjk eqefdu ugha] ftank eSa gj bUlka esa gw¡A

gk¡ eSa fganh gw¡] fganh gh rks gw¡AA

ikyh xqIrk¼ih-,l-lh- vuqHkkx½

35

Hkkjr dh çkphu fpfdRlk i)fr

Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk ç.kkyh vR;ar çkphu gSA vk;q’k foHkkx nokvksa ds Hkkjrh; fl)kar dk leUo; gS tks ,d nh?kZ vkSj fof”k’V lkaL—frd bfrgkl ds lkFk LokLF; thou ewY; dks çLrqr djrk gSA uoacj] 2003 esa Hkkjrh; nok vkSj gksE;ksiSFkh ç.kkyh foHkkx dk uke Þvk;q‘kß j[kk x;kA blds varxZr vk;qosZn] ;ksx] çk—frd fpfdRlk] ;wukuh] fl) ,oa gksE;ksiSFkh gSaA thou “kSyh laca/kh vO;oLFkk esa c<+ksrjh ds dkj.k LokLF; ns[kjs[k dh iqjkuh ç.kkyh esa yksxksa dh #fp fo”oHkj esa fQj ls c<+h gSA blfy, vk;q’k ç.kkyh yksdfç; gks jgh gSA ;gk¡ bldk lkekU; ifjp; fn;k tkrk gSA

vk;qosZn

vk;qosZn LokLF; ns[kjs[k dh çkphure ç.kkyh gSA ;g ik¡p gtkj o’kZ igys _Xosn vkSj ;tqosZn ls mRiUu gqbZ gS rFkk orZeku esa Hkkjr vkSj Hkkjrh; mi egk}hi ds vusd ns”kksa esa çpfyr ,oa LFkkfir gSA yxHkx 1000 bZ-iw- vk;qosZn ds Kku dk O;kid :i ls igyh ckj pjd lafgrk vkSj lqJqr lafgrk esa O;kogkfjd ifjp; feykA vk;qosZn ds vuqlkj LoLFk thou ds y{;ksa&/keZ ¼drZO;½] vFkZ ¼foÙk½] dke ¼dk;Z½ vkSj eks{k ¼eqfä½ dh çkfIr gsrq vk/kkjHkwr LoLFk iwokZis{kk ekuk x;k gSA vk;qosZn ds ewy fl)kar ds vuqlkj lHkh oLrq,a ,oa thfor çk.kh ik¡p egkHkwrksa ls fufeZr gSa & i`Foh] ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj vkdk”kA vk;qosZn dk n”kZu czãk.M vkSj ekuo ds chp ekSfyd laca/kksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA vk;qosZn ekuo dh ç—fr dks rhu çdkj ds nks’kksa & okr ¼vkdk”k$ok;q½] fiÙk ¼vkx½ rFkk dQ ¼Hkwfe$ty½ ds :i esa ckaVrk gS tks çkf.k;ksa esa lHkh fØ;k&fof/k;ksa ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA lr] jtl vkSj rel euq’;ksa ds ekufld pfj= dks lwfpr djrs gSa tks “kkjhfjd fØ;k foKku dk vk/kkj gSA vk;qosZn dk y{; “kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld jpuk laLFkkvksa dk larqyu cuk, j[kuk gSA vkarfjd ;k cká dkjdksa esa vlarqyu ls chekfj;k¡ gksrh gSaA bUgsa fofHkUu çfØ;kvksa] {ks=ksa] vkgkjksa] vkS‘kf/k;ksa rFkk O;ogkj ifjorZuksa ds }kjk vlarqyu dks lekIr dj Bhd fd;k tkrk gSA

36

;wukuh

;wukuh ç.kkyh ;wuku esa “kq: gqbZ rFkk fofHkUu ns”kksa ls gksrh gq, e/; dky esa Hkkjr vkbZA ;g ç.kkyh fgiksØsVl vkSj xSyu ds f”k{k.k ij vk/kkfjr gS tks vjc okfl;ksa }kjk fodflr vkSj foLr`r fd;k x;kA bldh nok ç.kkyh “ks[k&cw&vyh&ftuk ¼980&1037 bZ-½ ds fpfdRlk ckbfcy vy dkuwu rFkk jth ¼850&923 bZ-½ ds vy goh ,oa vU; fdrkcksa esa ;wukuh fpfdRldksa }kjk fy[kh xbZ gSA ;wukuh ç.kkyh dk vf/kdka”k lkfgR; vjch] mnwZ ,oa #lh Hkk‘kk esa ik;k tkrk gSA

;wukuh ç.kkyh ekuoh; ç—fr tSls jä dh mifLFkfr dQ] ihys fiÙk] dkys fiÙk dh ekuo esa fLFkfr ij vk/kkfjr gSA O;fä dk bykt] vk”kkoknh] mnkl] lqLr rFkk fpM+fpM+s LoHkkoksa vkSj lfEeJ.k ij fuHkZj gksrk gSA blesa euksoknh vkSj vkS‘k/kh; ikS/kksa ls mipkj fd;k tkrk gSA LokLF; dh mfpr ns[kHkky ds fy, LoHkko esa mfpr larqyu vko”;d gSA

fl)

;g æfoM+ laL—fr ls tqM+h gqbZ Hkkjr dh çkphu vkS‘kf/k ç.kkyh gSA fl) og gS tks vkS‘kf/k;ksa esa miyfC/k ik pqdk gSA 18 fl)ksa us bl ç.kkyh ds Øeor fodkl esa ;ksxnku fn;k gS rFkk vius vuqHkoksa dks rfey Hkk‘kk esa laxzfgr fd;k gSA

;ksx

bldk çfriknu iratfy us fd;k FkkA blesa ;e] fu;e] vklu] ç.kk;ke] çR;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku vkSj lekf/k ds vk/kkj ij fpfdRlk dh tkrh gSA

çk—frd fpfdRlk

çk—frd fpfdRlk fcuk vkS‘kf/k ds çk—frd [kku&iku ,oa thou “kSyh ds ek/;e ls dh tkrh gSA blds vuqlkj ç—fr ds jpukRed fl)karksa ds lkFk “kkjhfjd] ekufld] uSfrd vkSj vkfRed ;kstukvksa dk lkeatL; gksuk pkfg,A ;g fpfdRlk “kfäo/kZd] çfrj{kd vkSj LokLF; j{kd gSA

ujsaæ çlkn cM+Foky v/kh{kd ekufp=dkj ¼;kaf=d½

37

çLrkouk

Hkkjr ljdkj us fiNys o‘kksaZ esa dbZ vkfFkZd lq/kkj fd, gSa ftudk eq[; mís”; varjjk‘Vªh; Lrj ij dkjksckj vklku cukuk ,oa lekos”kh fodkl djuk gSA bUgha lq/kkjksa dk ifj.kke gS fd fo”o cSad dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dkjksckj vklku gksus esa Hkkjr dh jSafdax orZeku esa 130osa LFkku ls lq/kj dj 100osa LFkku ij igq¡p xbZ gSA buesa ls ,d vkfFkZd lq/kkj gS fnokfy;k ,oa ”kks/ku v{kerk dksM&2016A bl dksM ds varxZr 180 fnu ds Hkhrj fnokfy;k lek/kku çfØ;k dks iwjk djuk gksrk gSA ;g dksM O;kid] ljy ,oa le;c)] fnokfy;k lek/kku çfØ;k cukus dh vksj ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA ;g ,d ,slk lqlaxr ,oa ,dh—r ra= gS tks daifu;ksa] LVkVZ&vil rFkk O;fä;ksa ds fy, u, fljs ls vkjaHk djus dk volj çnku djrk gSA blls igys Hkh ,d fo/kk;h <kapk Fkk ijUrq dkuwu QSyk gqvk Fkk ftlesa dbZ Lrjksa ij fu.kZ;u ra= FkkA ,d O;fä dh fnokyk çfd;k Presidency Town Insolvency Act 1909 ,oa Provincial Insolvency

Act 1920 ds rgr iwjh dh tkrh Fkh rFkk ,d daiuh dks daiuh ,DV 2013] Sick Industrial Co. Act 1985, Recovery

of debt due to Bank & Financial Institution Act 1993 ,oa SARFAESI Act 2002 ds rgr fnokfy;k ?kksf‘kr fd;k tkrk FkkA

mfYyf[kr dksM ds }kjk daiuh ,DV] SARFAESI rFkk SICA ds fnokfy;k laca/kh çko/kkuksa dk foy; rFkk Presidency Act ,oa Provincial Act dks fujLr fd;k x;kA

fnokfy;k ,oa 'kks/ku v{kerk dksM 2016 cuus dh vksj ,d çxfr

21-12-2015 dks yksd lHkk ds iVy ij j[kk x;kA

05-05-2016 dks yksd lHkk }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;kA

11-05-2016 dks jkT; lHkk }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;kA

28-05-2016 dks jk‘Vªifr dh lgefr ls dkuwu cukA

dksM ds eq[; mís’; ,oa ykHk

1- daiuh }kjk vkiwfrZdrkZvksa] deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkqxrku esa pwd ftlls daiuh ds vk”kks/; _.k c<+ tkrs gSa% & vius _.kksa dks pqdrk djus ds fy, _.k dh ek=k ds vk/kkj ij O;fä fnokyk lek/kku çfØ;k ds fy, vkosnu dj ldrk gSA osru Hkksxh deZpkjh Hkh çfØ;k ds varxZr vius vfrns; osru dk nkok dj ldrs gSaA ?kj Øsrk viuh ns; jkf”k;ksa ds fy, nkok dj ldrs gSaA

2- LVkVZ vi dh foQyrk ij /;ku nsuk% & vlQyrk ij rsth ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, QkLV&VªSd fnokyk lek/kku çfØ;k viukbZ tkrh gSA blesa çfØ;k 90 fnu ds vanj lekIr gks tkrh gSA

3- ladV esa Qals fdlkuksa dh enn djuk% & fdlku ,d vnkyrh vkns”k ds }kjk 35]000 #i, rd vius _.k dks cês [kkrs esa Mky ldrk gSA

fnokfy;k lek/kku fnokfy;k ,oa ‘kks/ku v{kerk dksM 2016

38

4- O;kid _.kksa ds dkj.k jkstxkj esa deh gksuk%& ;g dksM _.kxzLr m|ksxksa dks ckgj fudkyus esa enn djsxk ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gksxk ,oa jkstxkj dks c<+kok feysxkA

laLFkkxr lajpuk

dksM ds varxZr fuEu ik¡p laLFkkvksa dk xBu fd;k x;k%&

1- Hkkjrh; fnokfy;k ,oa 'kks/ku v{kerk cksMZ % bl cksMZ esa 10 lnL; gksrs gSaA bldk eq[; dk;Z rhu vU; LraHkksa bUlksYosalh çksQs”kuy] vkbZ-ih- ,tsafl;ksa ,oa lwpuk mi;ksfxrk ds dk;ksaZ dk fu;eu djuk gSA

2- fnokfy;k O;olkf;d ,tsafl;ka % ;s fcuk ykHk okyh daifu;ka gksrh gSa ftUgsa fnokyk O;olkf;dksa dh HkrhZ] f”kf{kr djus ,oa fn”kk&funsZ”k nsus ds fy, fuxfer fd;k tkrk gSA

3- fnokfy;k O;olkf;d % ;s O;olkf;d fnokyk lek/kku çfØ;k dk lapkyu djrs gSaA

4- U;kf;d çkf/kdj.k % blesa eq[;r% jk‘Vªh; daiuh dkuwu çkf/kdj.k ,oa _.k olwyh çkf/kdj.k dks “kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

5- lwpuk mi;ksfxrk,a % NESL Hkkjr dh igyh lwpuk mi;ksfxrk gS ftldk mís”; _.k laca/kh lHkh foÙkh; lwpukvksa dks ,df=r djuk] ladyu djuk] vko”;drk gksus ij fofHkUu ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks bu lwpukvksa dks miyC/k djkuk gSA

fnokfy;k lek/kku çfØ;k

1- ubZ çfØ;k çkjaHk djuk% de vk; okys O;fä;ksa vkSj U;wure ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fy, Rofjr çLrko çfØ;kA fdlku ,oa NksVs O;kikjh bl çfØ;k esa “kkfey gks ldrs gSaA

2- daiuh ,oa lhfer nkf;Ro lk>snkj daifu;ksa ds ekeys esa% bl çfØ;k esa foÙkh; ysunkj vFkok çpkyu ysunkj vFkok Lo;a d‚iksZjsV nsunkj] jk‘Vªh; daiuh dkuwu çkf/kdj.k esa vkosnu dj ldrs gSaA

3- O;fä;ksa ds fy, çLrko çfØ;k% blesa ysunkj vFkok nsunkj _.k olwyh çkf/kdj.k esa vkosnu dj ldrs gSaA

4- d‚iksZjsV nsunkj dk ifjlekiu ¼Liquidation½%

• fnokfy;k lek/kku çfØ;k ds vlQy gksus dh fLFkfr esa ifjlekiu çkjaHk fd;k tkrk gSA

• _.k pqdkus esa leFkZ daiuh Hkh LoSfPNd ifjlekiu dj ldrh gSA

5- O;fäxr ,oa lk>snkj daifu;ksa ds fnokfy;k lek/kku çfØ;k ds vlQy gksus dh n”kk esa “kks/ku v{kerk vkns”k ds fy, _.k olwyh U;k;kf/kdj.k ls vkosnu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

fu"d"kZ

dksM ds lqpk: :i ls ykxw gksus ij fuf”pr :i ls vkus okys le; esa _.k olwyh dk Hk; c<+us ls ysunkjksa dk Hkkjr ds m|ksxksa ds çfr fo”okl c<s+xk vkSj ;g vk”kk dh tk ldrh gS fd xSj fu‘iknu _.kksa ¼u‚u ijQksfeaZx MsCV½ esa vlk/kkj.k deh vk,xhA

lh-,- jek 'kadj dQfYV;klg;ksxh ¼gsYi½

39

ikik

vkids fcu nqfu;k gS lwuhokil vk tkvks u ikikA

vk tkvks ds vc fcu vki dsnqfu;k gS ohjku ikikA

igys lc vPNk yxrk Fkkvc dqN u eq> dks Hkkrk gSA

vki dk oks ykM+ djuk iy&iy eq>s ;kn vkrk gSA

esjs ihNs lc ls yM+uklcdks esjh rkjhQas djukA

Qksu ij eq> dks Þcksyks cPpkß dgukgj iy eq>s ;kn vkrk gSA

,d ckj fQj ls Þcksyks cPpkß dg nks uesjk fny ?kcjkrk gS

vkids tkus ls thou esa mnklh gSviuh oks I;kjh eqLdku fQj ls ns tkvks u ikikA

NksM+ x, D;ksa eq> dks rUgkcksyks ikik] cksyks ikikA

rluhe Qkfrek¼mRiknu {ks= vuqHkkx½

40

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; esa jktHkk”kk fganh laca/kh xfrfof/k;ka

41

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; esa jktHkk”kk fganh laca/kh xfrfof/k;ka

42

vkRe ç”kalk] oSeuL;&Hkkouk rFkk bZ’;kZ dk iw.kZr;k R;kx djksA egkRek cq) mins”k ns jgs Fks & ÞØks/k ,d çdkj dh vfXu gS ftlesa mls /kkj.k djus okyk Lo;a gh tyrk jgrk gSA ml vfXu ls og nwljs dks rks tyk,xk gh] blls igys mldk [kqn dk cgqr dqN ty tkrk gSAß mudk mins”k ,d vR;ar Øks/kh O;fä Hkh lqu jgk FkkA Øks/k ds fo#) mudk mins”k mls vPNk ugha yxk rks og [kM+k gksdj dgus yxk& Þvjs vks ik[kaMh ! cM+h&cM+h ckrsa djuk gh tkurk gSA rw tu leqnk; dks vius O;ogkj ds fo#) ckrsa crkrk gSAßmldh ckr lqudj cq) 'kkar gh jgs rks og vkSj vf/kd HkM+d mBk vkSj muds ikl tkdj muds eq¡g ij Fkwd fn;kA cq) us viuk psgjk iksaN fy;k vkSj mlls iwNk & ÞvkSj dqN rqEgsa dguk gS\ßog vkSj vf/kd HkM+d x;k vkSj cksyk & ÞeSa dqN dg jgk gwa\ßcq) cksys & Þgk¡] rqEgkjk bl çdkj Fkwduk rqEgkjh ?k`.kk dh gh vfHkO;fä gSAßog egkRek cq) dks vkSj Hkh vf/kd xkfy;ka nsrk gqvk ogka ls pyk x;kA vxys fnu cq) vius f”k";ksa ds lkFk nwljs xkao esa pys x,A ysfdu og Øks/kh vc rd 'kkar gks pqdk FkkA mls vius fd, ij iNrkok gks jgk FkkA cq) dh lgu”khyrk vkSj {kek”khyrk us mlds Hkhrj ds i”kq dks ekj fn;k FkkA og 'kh?kz gh egkRek cq) dh [kkst esa fudy iM+kA [kkstrs gq, og ml xkao esa tk igq¡pk tgk¡ cq) mins”k ns jgs FksA og muds pj.kksa esa yksV x;k vkSj cksyk& Þeq>s {kek dhft,] eSaus dy vkids lkFk vHkæ O;ogkj fd;kAßegkRek cq) dgus yxs & ÞD;k gqvk\ dkSu gks rqe\ßØks/kh O;fä pkSad dj cksyk & Þvki Hkwy x,] eSa ogh dy okyk nq"V gw¡ ftlus vki ij Fkwd fn;k FkkA eSa vius dqdeZ ds fy, {kek ekaxus vk;k gw¡Aßcq) us dgk & Þdy dks rks eSa dy gh NksM+ vk;k gw¡ & dy ls vkt rd xaxks=h dk ikuh egklkxj esa lek pqdk gS vkSj rqe vHkh rd dy esa gh th jgs gks & vkt esa ços”k ugha fd;k rqeus vc rd\ dy dks ;fn bl çdkj Nkrh ls fpiVk, jgksxs rks vkt mlesa [kks tk,xkA gj cqjh ckr vkSj cqjh ?kVuk dks ;kn j[kk tk,] rks thou vkSj Hkfo"; nksuksa gh Bgj tk,axsA thou Bgj x;k rks ge thou th,axs D;k\ rqe Hkh vkt esa vk tkvksA**

ladyudrkZ&vfurk of’k"Vijke”kZnkrk ¼jktHkk"kk½

cks/k dFkk

43

lalnh; jktHkk”kk lfefr ds çfrosnu

jktHkk‘kk vf/kfu;e 1965 dh /kkjk 4¼1½ ds varxZr fnukad 01 tuojh 1976 ls xfBr dh tk jgh lalnh; jktHkk‘kk lfefr twu] 2011 rd dsaæ ljdkj ds 10]308 ls vf/kd dk;kZy;ksa dk fujh{k.k vkSj 882 ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ O;fä;ksa dk lk{; ysdj le;&le; ij 9 [kaMksa esa vius çfrosnu jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr dj pqdh gSA buesa 8 [kaMksa ij vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 4¼4½ ds v/khu le;&le; ij ladYi #i esa jk‘Vªifr ds vkns”k tkjh fd, tk pqds gSa] ftudk laf{kIr fooj.k fuEu çdkj gS%

igyk [kaMigyk [kaM tuojh] 1987 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 30 fnlacj] 1988 dks jk‘Vªifr ds

vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa vuqokn O;oLFkk] vuqokn çf”k{k.k vkSj laiwjd lkfgR; ds laca/k esa flQkfj”k dh xbZ gSA

Û jktHkk‘kk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3¼3½ ds QkeksaZ] dksM] eSuqvy] fof/k iqLrdksa] laln @ fo/kku eaMy ds vf/kfu;eksa] çf”k{k.k lkexzh vkfn dk fganh esa vuqokn gksuk pkfg,A

Û vuqokn O;oLFkk dks lq–<+ djus ds fy, vuqokn laca/kh inksa dk l`tu] buds HkrhZ fu;eksa dh leh{kk vkSj vuqokn dk çf”k{k.k fn;k tk,A

Û ekud “kCnkoyh dk fuekZ.k] çpkj vkSj ç;ksx fd;k tk,A

Û f”k{kk vkSj fof/k ds {ks= esa fganh vkSj ;Fkko”;d {ks=h; Hkk‘kkvksa dk ç;ksx c<+k;k tk,A

Û vuqokn dh Hkk‘kk ds Lo:i&fu/kkZj.k esa vuqPNsn 351 dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk,A

Û jktHkk‘kk vf/kfu;e @ fu;eksa ds vuqikyu esa dBksjrk ds LFkku ij çsj.kk vkSj çksRlkgu ls dke fy;k tk,A

nwljk [kaMnwljk [kaM tqykbZ] 1987 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 30 ekpZ 1990 dks jk‘Vªifr ds vkns”k

tkjh gq,A blesa nsoukxjh esa ;kaf=d lkexzh] fganh Vad.k @ vk”kqfyfi çf”k{k.k vkSj udn çksRlkgu fn, tkus dh flQkfj”k dh xbZ gSA

Û çR;sd dk;kZy; esa nsoukxjh VkbijkbVj] bysDVª‚fud VkbijkbVj] VSysDl] VsyhfçaVj] irkys[kh e”khu] “kCn&lalk/kd vkSj daI;wVjksa dh vko”;drkuqlkj O;oLFkk dh tk,A buesa fganh esa dke djus dh lqfo/kk nh tk,A bu ;a=ksa ds çpkydksa dks çf”k{k.k fn;k tk,A

Û deZpkfj;ksa dks fganh Vad.k @ vk”kqfyfi dk çf”k{k.k fn;k tk,A mudh lsokvksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,A

Û vaxzsth Vadd @ vk”kqfyfidksa dks fganh esa Hkh Vad.k @ vk”kqfyfi dks fganh esa Hkh Vad.k @ vk”kqfyfi dk;Z djus ij nh tkus okyh çksRlkgu jkf”k dks c<+k;k tk,A

Û ^d*] ^[k* {ks= ds dk;kZy;ksa] ^x* {ks= ds vf/klwfpr dk;kZy;ksa dks rkj nsoukxjh esa Hkstk tk,A

Û Hkkjr ljdkj ds lHkh çdk”ku f}Hkk‘kh :i esa lkFk&lkFk fudkys tkus dh O;oLFkk dh tk,A

44

rhljk [kaMrhljk [kaM Qjojh] 1989 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 4 uoacj] 1991 dks jk‘Vªifr ds

vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa eq[; #i ls dsaæ ljdkj ds deZpkfj;ksa ds fganh çf”k{k.k ;k fganh ek/;e ls çf”k{k.k dh flQkfj”k dh xbZ gSA

Û deZpkfj;ksa dks fganh dk çf”k{k.k nsus ds fy, fganh f”k{k.k ;kstuk rFkk vU; foHkkxh; O;oLFkkvksa dks lwfpr fd;k tk,] fganh çf”k{k.k ds mijkar orZeku O;oLFkk dks tkjh j[kk tk,] bls vkd‘kZd cuk;k tk,A

Û fganh çf”k{k.k ds mijkar çksRlkgu O;oLFkk dks tkjh j[kk tk,A bls vkd‘kZd cuk;k tk,A

Û ubZ HkrhZ fd, x, dkfeZdksa dks O;olkf;d çf”k{k.k ls igys fganh dk çf”k{k.k fn;k tk,A

Û çf”k{k.k ds fy, Hksts x, dk;ksaZ ds fy, LFkkukiUu fu;qfä dh O;oLFkk dh tk,A

Û nh?kZ vof/k ds çf”k{k.k ikBîØeksa esa fo‘k; ds :i esa fganh Hkk‘kk Hkh i<+kbZ tk,A

Û fganh dk;Z”kkyk bl rjg vk;ksftr dh tk,a fd çR;sd deZpkjh dks o‘kZ esa ,d ckj buesa Hkkx ysus dk volj vo”; feysA

Û ns”k ds lHkh Hkkxksa esa f”k{kk laLFkkuksa esa fganh i<+kbZ tk,A

Û f=Hkk‘kk lw= ykxw fd;k tk,A

Û HkrhZ ds fy, lk{kkRdkj esa fganh dk fodYi j[kk tk,A

Û çf”k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa fganh esa çf”k{k.k fn;k tk,A

Û jktHkk‘kk foHkkx dks lq–<+ fd;k tk,A

pkSFkk [kaMpkSFkk [kaM uoacj] 1989 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 28 tuojh] 1992 dks jk‘Vªifr

ds vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa fganh ds ç;ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr] fujh{k.k vkSj v|ru lwpukvksa dk fo”ys‘k.k] vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eksa dks leqfpr #i ls ykxw djus dh flQkfj”k gSA

Û vuqokn dk;Z] fujh{k.k rFkk e‚fuVfjax ds fy, vyx&vyx LVkQ dh O;oLFkk dh tk,A

Û deZpkfj;ksa dh eukso`fr cnyus] jktHkk‘kk uhfr dh tkudkjh nsus ds fy, le;&le; ij fganh dk;Z”kkyk,a @ laxksf‘B;ka @ lEesyu vk;ksftr fd, tk,aA

Û fganh esa dke djus dh f>>d nwj djus ds fy, fganh dk;Z”kkyk fu;fer :i ls vk;ksftr dh tk,aA

Û xksiuh; fjiksVZ esa jktHkk‘kk ds laca/k esa çfof‘V;k¡ dh tk,aA

Û fganh Hkk‘kk] fganh Vad.k] fganh vk”kqfyfi laca/kh çf”k{k.k “kh?kzkfr”kh?kz fn;k tk,A

Û /kkjk 3¼3½ dk “kr&çfr”kr vuqikyu fd;k tk,A

Û foHkkxh; jktHkk‘kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr dk vfuok;Z :i ls xBu fd;k tk,A

Û HkrhZ ijh{kkvksa esa vaxzsth ds ç”u&i= dh vfuok;Zrk lekIr dh tk,A

Û tkap&fcanqvksa dks lfØ; vkSj çHkkoh cuk;k tk,A

Û lfefr ds çfrosnuksa ij le;c) dkjZokbZ dh tk,A

Û jktHkk‘kk foHkkx dks iquxZfBr fd;k tk,] mls lq–<+ cuk;k tk,] ea=ky; dk ntkZ fn;k tk,A

45

ikapok [kaMikapok [kaM ekpZ] 1992 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 14 uoacj] 1998 dks jk‘Vªifr ds

vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa fo/kk;u dh Hkk‘kk rFkk fofHkUu U;k;ky;ksa vkSj U;k;kf/kdj.kksa esa ç;ksx dh tkus okyh Hkk‘kk dk mYys[k gSA

Û jktHkk‘kk foHkkx dks lq–<+ dj ea=ky; dk ntkZ fn;k tk,A

Û fo/ks;dksa vkfn dk ewy çk:i.k fganh esa gksA

Û yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk lfpoky;ksa }kjk Hkh la?k dh jktHkk‘kk uhfr dk vuqikyu fd;k tk,A

Û mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; vaxzsth vkSj fganh nksuksa esa gksaA

Û fganh ek/;e ls fof/k dh f”k{kk nh tk,A

Û fnYyh esa Hkkjrh; Hkk‘kkvksa dk ,d fof/k iqLrdky; cuk;k tk,A

NBk [kaMNBk [kaM uoacj] 1997 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij flracj] 2004 esa jk‘Vªifr ds vkns”k

tkjh gq,A blesa igys] nwljs] rhljs vkSj pkSFks [kaM dh flQkfj”kksa ij dkjZokbZ lqfuf”pr djus] Hkkjrh; nwrkoklksa] mPpk;ksxksa] dk;kZy;ksa] miØeksa] cSadksa vkfn esa fganh ds ç;ksx dh fLFkfr rFkk dsaæ ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds dk;kZy;ksa ds chp i=&O;ogkj esa fganh ds ç;ksx ls lacaf/kr flQkfj”ksa gSaA

Û igys [kaM esa vuqokn] ekud “kCnkoyh] mPpre U;k;ky; esa fganh ds fodYi lacaf/kr flQkfj”kksa ij ljdkj }kjk “kh?kz dkjZokbZ dh tk,A

Û nwljs [kaM ds bysDVª‚fud midj.kksa esa fganh dh lqfo/kk ,oa bu ij fganh esa dke djus okyksa dks çksRlkgu nsus laca/kh flQkfj”ksa ykxw dh tk,aA

Û rhljs [kaM dh fganh f”k{k.k ;kstuk ,oa lHkh HkrhZ ijh{kkvksa dk ek/;e fganh djus laca/kh flQkfj”k ykxw dh tk,A

Û pkSFks [kaM dh HkrhZ ijh{kkvksa esa vaxzsth esa ç”u&i= dh vfuok;Zrk lekIr djus] okf‘kZd dk;ZØe dk fØ;kUo;u] fganh iqLrdksa dh [kjhn lacaf/kr flQkfj”ksa ykxw dh tk,aA

Û fons”k fLFkr dk;kZy;ksa esa okf‘kZd dk;ZØe dk fØ;kUo;u] /kkjk 3¼3½ dk vuqikyu] uxj jktHkk‘kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr dk xBu ,oa vuqorhZ dkjZokbZ laca/kh dk;Z fd;k tk,A

Û /kkjk 3¼3½ vkSj fu;e 11 dsoy fganh esa dk;kZfUor gksaA

lkroka [kaMlkroka [kaM ebZ] 2002 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 13 tqykbZ] 2005 dks jk‘Vªifr ds

vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa fofHkUu jktHkk‘kk lfefr;ksa] iqLrdky; @ cqd Dyc] fo/kk;h foHkkx esa fganh çk:i.k] lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh esa fganh ds ç;ksx ls lacaf/kr flQkfj”ksa gSaA Û dsaæh; fganh lfefr] dsaæh; jktHkk‘kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr] fganh lykgdkj lfefr] uxj jktHkk‘kk dk;kZUo;u

lfefr] foHkkxh; jktHkk‘kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr dks fu;fer vkSj çHkkoh cuk;k tk,A Û iqLrdky; vkSj fganh çf”k{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh tk,A Û foHkkx esa fganh dk ç;ksx c<+k;k tk,A Û nloha d{kk rd fganh vfuok;Z dh tk,A

Û lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh esa fganh dk ç;ksx c<+k;k tk,A

46

vkBok [kaMvkBok [kaM vxLr] 2005 esa jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;k vkSj ml ij 02 tqykbZ] 2008 dks jk‘Vªifr ds

vkns”k tkjh gq,A blesa] iwoZ ds çfrosnuksa dh vko”;d flQkfj”kksa] f”k{kk ds ek/;e esa fganh dk ç;ksx] fganh esa foKkiu vkfn ls lacaf/kr flQkfj”ksa gSaA

Û nsoukxjh ds ;kaf=d midj.k [kjhns tk,aA

Û mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa fganh dk ç;ksx c<+k;k tk,A

Û lalnh; jktHkk‘kk lfefr ds çfrosnuksa ij jk‘Vªifr ds vkns”k ck/;dkjh gksaA

Û NÙkhlx<+] mÙkjk[kaM] >kj[kaM dks ^d* {ks= esa gh j[kk tk,A

Û ^x* {ks= ds dk;kZy;ksa esa de&ls&de ,d fganh LVkQ dh rSukrh vfuok;Z dh tk,A

Û dksbZ Hkh dksM @ eSuqvy dsoy vaxzsth esa rS;kj u fd;k tk,A igys ds vaxzsth esa fo|eku dksM @ eSuqvy dk fganh esa vuqokn fd;k tk,A

Û fu;e 5 dk mYya?ku u fd;k tk,A

Û ØsfMV dkMZ] ,-Vh-,e- vkfn lsokvksa dks fganh @ f}Hkk‘kh cuk;k tk,A

Û vaxzsth ds v[kckj esa fganh vkSj fganh ds v[kckj esa vaxzsth esa foKkiu fn, tk ldrs gSaA

Û fganh ds foKkiuksa ij 50% jkf”k O;; dh tk,

ukSoka [kaMukSoka [kaM 01 twu 2011 dks jk‘Vªifr dks çLrqr fd;k x;kA bl ij vHkh jk’Vªifr ds vkns”k tkjh ugha

gq, gSaA

blesa fuEufyf[kr ckrsa gSa%

Û fiNys 8 [kaMksa dh yafcr flQkfj”ksaA

Û 2005 ls 2010 rd fd, x, fujh{k.kksa dk lkaf[;dh lkj ,oa ea=ky;okj ewY;kaduA

Û lalnh; lfefr us fujh{k.kksa ,oa lk{;ksa ¼01-04-2005 ls vkxs½ ds vk/kkj ij {ks=okj ewY;kaduA

Û dsaæ ljdkj ds deZpkfj;ksa ls lsok iwoZ fganh Kku dh vfuok;ZrkA

Û fganh iqLrdksa dh [kjhn ,oa fganh x`g if=dkvksa ds çdk”ku dk mís”;A

Û lalnh; lfefr }kjk fy, x, ekSf[kd lk{; ds nkSjku çkIr lwpukvksa dh leh{kkA

lalnh; jktHkk‘kk lfefr us jktHkk‘kk uhfr ds vuqikyu dk fujh{k.k O;ogkfjd /kjkry ij fd;k gSA blfy, mlus fganh dk çlkj c<+kus ds fy, dqN O;ogkfjd flQkfj”ksa dh gSaA fdarq ljdkj us lafo/kku vkSj jktHkk‘kk vf/kfu;e @ fu;e dk gokyk nsdj mudh dqN flQkfj”ksa vLohdkj dj nh gSaA bl ys[k esa rF;ksa dk ladsr Hkj fd;k x;k gS] iw.kZ tkudkjh ds fy, çfrosnuksa ij ikfjr ewy ladYi ns[ksaA

laiknu&ladyu % M‚- enu jk;ijke”kZnkrk ¼jktHkk"kk½

47

Mh-th-,p- ea=ky; dk gS egRoiw.kZ vax]dk;Z djus dk gS bldk vuks[kk <axA

gksrk gS dkfeZdksa dk Lokxr] vkt ds fopkj ls çfrfnu] ^vkt ds “kCn* ls Kkuo/kZu gksrk gS nSuafnuA

dHkh Mh-,l-,Q-] gsYi] vks-,-,y-ih- dk pyrk gS nkSj]rks dHkh lalnh; l= “kq: gksus ij ep tkrk gS “kksjA

;gk¡ ns”k dh gh ugha cfYd fons”kh daifu;ksa us Hkh fd;k gS fuos”k] ftuesa “kkfey gSa ;w-ds-] ;w-,-bZ- tSls ns”kA

lafonk] fufonk] foÙk] ç”kklu dk viuk gS :i]le; ds lkFk&lkFk cnyrk jgrk gS budk dk;Z Lo#iA

,u-Mh-vkj- us Hkh u, vk;keksa dks Nqvk] ns”k esa rsy] xSl dk MkVk cSad rS;kj gqvkA

fof/k foHkkx dh viuh vyx gS Nfo]tks nsrk gS lcdks lykg fur ubZA

jktHkk’kk dks Hkh dk;kZy; esa u;k thou nku feyk] i=kpkj esa gqbZ o`f) rks vkSj Hkh lEeku feykA

tu&tu dks fn[k jgh gS Mh-th-,p- dh rhoz xfr]blh rjg dk;kZy; djrk jgs fnu&çfrfnu mUufrAA

dfiy [ksM+k¼vkj-Vh-vkbZ- ,oa fganh vuqHkkx½

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky;

48

LVho t‚Cl us vius thou ds tfj, nqfu;k dks ;g crk;k fd flQZ varjkRek dh lquuh pkfg,A og lcls bZekunkj ekxZn”kZd gSA eSa nqfu;k dh csgrjhu ;wfuoflZfV;ksa esa ls ,d] vkidh ;wfuoflZVh esa vkdj vkt [kqn dks lEekfur eglwl dj jgk gw¡A vkt eSa vkidks viuh ftanxh dh rhu dgkfu;k¡ lqukuk pkgrk gw¡A cl bruk ghA dksbZ cM+h ckr ughaA flQZ rhu dgkfu;k¡A

LVho tkWCl%

csfelky ftanxh dh rhu dgkfu;k¡

t‚Cl us 1976 esa vius ?kj ds xSjkt esa LVho oksftU;kd ds lkFk feydj ,Iiy dh “kq#vkr dh vkSj ,Iiy nks o eSfduVks”k daI;wVj dks fodflr fd;kA daiuh ds lkFk fookn ds pyrs 1985 esa daiuh NksM+ nhA vxys lky mUgksaus usDLV daI;wVj dh LFkkiuk dhA 1986 esa mUgksaus yqdkl fQYe ds daI;wVj xzkfQDl fMfotu dks [kjhn fy;k vkSj bls ,d Lora= ,uhes”ku LVwfM;ks fiDlj ds rkSj ij fQj ls LFkkfir fd;kA 1996 esa ,Iiy us usDLV dks [kjhn fy;k vkSj t‚Cl ,Iiy esa okil vk x, vkSj vius vafre le; rd ogha cus jgsA 25 Qjojh] 1955 dks tUes LVho iky t‚Cl dks iky vkSj Dysjk tksal us xksn fy;k Fkk vkSj mUgksaus mudk ikyu&iks’k.k fd;k FkkA muds vlyh ekrk&firk dk uke dSjy “kchy vkSj vCnqy Qrg tSUnkyh FkkA tSUnkyh lhfj;k ls vk, Nk= Fks tks ckn esa jktuhfr “kkL= ds çksQslj cusA ,Iiy ds mRikn viuh dYiuk”khyrk ds cy ij daI;wVjksa ds l‚¶Vos;j&gkMZos;j ls ysdj viuh cukoV rd esa lkSan;Z cks/k dh Nki NksM+rs gSaA

igyh dgkuh dqN fcanqvksa ds feyu ds ckjs esa gSA jhM d‚yst dh i<+kbZ eSaus Ng eghus ds ckn gh NksM+ nh Fkh ysfdu mlds vxys 18 eghuksa rd] tc rd fd eSaus okLro esa i<+kbZ NksM+ u nh] eSa ogk¡ Mª‚i&bu Nk= ds :i esa cuk jgkA eSaus i<+kbZ D;ksa NksM+h\

esjs iSnk gksus ls bldh “kq#vkr gks xbZ FkhA eq>s tUe nsus okyh ek¡ ,d vfookfgr d‚yst xzstq,V Fkh vkSj mUgksaus eq>s xksn nsus dk QSlyk fd;kA mudh Bksl jk; Fkh fd og eq>s fdlh d‚yst xzstq,V dks gh xksn nsaxh] lks esjs tUe ls igys gh lc dqN r; gks x;k Fkk fd eq>s ,d odhy vkSj mudh iRuh xksn ysaxsA tc eSa iSnk gqvk rks vafre le; esa eq>s xksn ysus okyksa us QSlyk cny fn;k fd os okLro esa yM+dh pkgrs FksA blfy, esjs orZeku vfHkHkkodksa dks] tks ml oä çrh{kk lwph esa Fks] vk/kh jkr esa Qksu vk;k vkSj muls iwNk x;k] ^gekjs ikl vokaf{kr ckyd gS] D;k vki mls xksn ysuk pkgsaxs\* mudk Rofjr tokc Fkk] ^cs”kdA *eq>s tUe nsus okyh eka dks tc ckn esa irk pyk fd esjh ubZ eka us dHkh d‚yst ls dksbZ fMxzh ugha yh gS vkSj esjs firk ds ikl rks gkbZ Ldwy dh Hkh dksbZ fMxzh ugha gS] rks mUgksaus xksn ysus ds vkf[kjh dkxtkr ij nLr[kr djus ls budkj dj fn;kA dqN eghuksa ds ckn og rc tkdj uje iM+ha] tc eq>s xksn ysus okyksa us muls ok;nk fd;k fd os eq>s mPp f”k{kk t#j fnyok,axsA

17 o‘kZ dh mez esa eSaus d‚yst esa nkf[kyk fy;kA ysfdu bls esjh csodwQh dfg, fd eSaus ,d ,sls d‚yst dk

49

p;u fd;k] tks LVSuQksMZ dh rjg gh egaxk FkkA esjs dkedkth ekrk&firk dh iwjh tek&iwath esjh V~;w”ku Qhl esa gh [kpZ gks tkrh FkhA Ng eghus ds ckn eq>s yxk fd blls dqN lkFkZd ugha gksus okykA eq>s ml oä dqN Hkh ekywe ugha gks ik jgk Fkk fd vkf[kj eSa viuh ftanxh ls D;k pkgrk gw¡ vkSj u gh eSa ;g le> ik jgk Fkk fd vkf[kj ;g d‚yst dSls eq>s vius thou dks ,d fn”kk nsus esa enn dj ldrk gS] tcfd eSa vius ekrk&firk dh iwjh tek&iwath viuh i<+kbZ ij [kpZ dj jgk gw¡ tks mUgksaus vius Hkfo‘; ds fy, cpkdj j[kh gSA blfy, eSaus d‚yst dh i<+kbZ NksM+us dk fu”p; fd;kA ml oä esjk QSlyk ;dhuu dqN Hk;Hkhr djus okyk Fkk] ysfdu lp ekfu,] vkt tc eSa ihNs eqM+dj ns[krk gw¡] rks eq>s ;gh yxrk gS fd eSaus vius thou esa tks csgrj QSlys fd, gSa] og muesa ls ,d FkkA

d‚yst dh i<+kbZ NksM+us ds yxHkx 10 lky ckn] tc ge igys ^eSfduVks”k* daI;wVj dk fMtkbu rS;kj dj jgs Fks] rks i<+kbZ NksM+us ds ckn tks dqN Hkh eSaus lh[kk Fkk] elyu dSfyxzkQh] lsfjQ o lSu lsfjQ Vkbi Qsl vkfn ds ckjs esa tks tkudkfj;ka gkfly dh Fkha] os lc esjs fnekx esa FkhaA ;fn eSaus xzstq,”ku dh d‚yst dh i<+kbZ ugha NksM+h gksrh] rks mEnk VkbiksxzkQh okyk eSfduVks”k vfLrRo esa u vk ikrkA fuLlansg] tc eSa d‚yst esa Fkk] rc Hkfo‘; ds fcanqvksa dks tksM+uk ukeqefdu Fkk] ysfdu nl o‘kksaZ ds ckn ihNs eqM+dj ns[kus ij mu fcanqvksa dk tqM+ko lkQ&lkQ fn[k jgk FkkA

esjh nwljh dgkuh çse vkSj ukdke;kch ds ckjs esa gSA eSa [kq”kfdLer Fkk fd viuh ftanxh ds “kq#vkrh o‘kksaZ esa tks dqN eSa djuk pkgrk Fkk] eSaus fd;kA 20 lky dh mez esa okst ds lkFk eSaus vius firk ds xSjkt esa ,Iiy dh “kq#vkr dhA geus dM+h esgur dh vkSj nl o‘kZ ds Hkhrj gh ;g nks fcfy;u M‚yj dh daiuh gks xbZA geus viuh loZJs‘B dYiuk”khyrk dh mit ^eSfduVks”k* dks ,d lky igys y‚Up fd;k Fkk vkSj ml oä esjh mez 30 lky gqbZ gh FkhA fQj eq>s fu”kkuk cuk;k x;kA vkf[kj ftl daiuh dh “kq#vkr vkius dh gks] og vki ij dSls geykoj gks ldrh gS\ njvly] ,Iiy dh rjDdh ds lkFk geus ,d ,sls çfrHkk”kkyh O;fä dks pquk] ftuds ckjs esa esjh jk; Fkh fd og esjs lkFk vPNh rjg ls daiuh pyk ldrs gSaA “kq#vkr esa lc dqN Bhd jgk] ysfdu fQj Hkh Hkfo‘; dks ysdj gekjs –f‘Vdks.k esa varj vkus yxk vkSj /khjs&/khjs gekjk laca/k VwVus ds dxkj ij igq¡p x;kA funs”kd eaMy us mudk lkFk fn;k vkSj eSa daiuh ls ckgj dj fn;k x;kA ml le; esjh mez 30 o‘kZ dh FkhA ;g esjs fy, csgn =kln FkkA

dqN eghuksa rd eSa le> gh ugha ik;k fd vkf[kj D;k d:¡\ cgjgky] vxys ik¡p o‘kZ ds nkSjku eSaus ,d ubZ daiuh dh “kq#vkr dhA mldk uke j[kk x;k ^usDLV*A ,d vU; daiuh dk uke ^fiDlj* j[kkA mlh le; eq>s ,d csfelky vkSjr ls I;kj gqvk vkSj og esjh choh cuhA ^fiDlj* us nqfu;k dk igyk daI;wVj ,uhesVsM Qhpj fQYe ^V~o‚; LVksjh* çLrqr dhA vkt blds ikl nqfu;k dk vR;ar dke;kc ,uhes”ku LVwfM;ks gSA fQj mYys[kuh; ?kVukØe ds rgr ,Iiy us ^usDLV* dks [kjhn fy;k vkSj eSa fQj ,Iiy ls tqM+ x;kA usDLV esa tks VsDuksy‚th geus fodflr dh Fkh] og ^,Iiy* dh rktk dke;kch ds ewy esa gSA y‚jsal ds lkFk esjk ifjokj [kq”kgky gSA esjh iDdh jk; gS fd ;fn ,Iiy ls eq>s fudkyk ugha x;k gksrk] rks ;s reke miyfC/k;k¡ eSa gkfly ugha dj irkA

esjh vkf[kjh dgkuh ekSr ds ckjs esa gSA yxHkx ,d o‘kZ igys eq>s irk pyk fd eSa dSalj dk f”kdkj cu x;k gw¡A ,d lqcg 7%30 cts esjk LdSu gqvk vkSj mlesa esjh iSafØ;kt esa V~;wej lkQ fn[k jgk FkkA MkDVjksa us eq>s crk;k fd ;g ,d rjg dk dSalj gS] ftldk bykt eqefdu ugha vkSj fQj vpkud ,d fnu tkap ds nkSjku MkDVjksa us dgk fd vkidk jksx vyx rjg dk gS vkSj v‚ijs”ku ds tfj, bldk bykt gks ldrk gSA eq>s dqN n”kd vkSj fey x,A nksLrksa] dksbZ Hkh ejuk ugha pkgrkA ysfdu le; rks lcdk r; gSA blfy,] bls nwljksa dh ftanxh thus esa tk;k er djksA nwljksa dh uqäkphuh ij cgqr /;ku er nksA flQZ viuh varjkRek dh lquks vkSj mlh dk vuqlj.k djksA

¼12 twu 2005 dks LVSuQksMZ esa fn, x, Hkk‘k.k dk va”k½ladyu vuqokn & M‚- enu jk;

ijke”kZnkrk ¼jktHkk’kk½

50

mez ds iUus iyVrs pys tkrs gSa]jkr fnu chrdj fleVrs pys tkrs gSa]dqN [okc eqDdey gks tkrs gSa]dqN xgjh uhan Hkjs lks tkrs gSaA

nwj ls bl nqfu;k dh “kku cgqr gS][kks[kys gSa eu] vkRek,a ej pqdha] ij fQj Hkh fn[kkos esa tku cgqr gSA

D;ksa ejrs gSa “kkuks&”kkSdr ij ge \D;ksa ek;k ds xqyke cgqr gSa \D;ksa eksg tky esa Qals gq, lc \>wBh yxu ds uke ij]dksbZ fdlh ds lkFk ugha ;gk¡]fcu LokFkZ fdlh eqdke ijA

dbZ gFkdaMs viukrs gSa vc]lc <ksax ik[kaM ds uke ij]feVrh tk jgh balkfu;r]yksHk&çyksHk ds uke ijA

vk, vdsys] tkuk vdsys];g jhr dkQh ugha jgh vc]thrs th Hkh balku gqvk vdsyk]?ksjk mldks Øwjrkvksa us tcA

nq’Vrk] ykyp] yksHk] ikiksa dh xkxj dgk¡ rd Hkjsxh \bd fnu [kqnk ds gkFkksa vkdj VwV dgha oks fc[kj iM+sxh]fQj bu VwVs VqdM+ksa dks] ,df=r dj ikuk Hkh u laHko gksxk]csgrj ;gh tjk laHky dj py ik,a ge] euq’;rk viuk,a]dfy;qx esa tho dk vfLrRo rHkh lkFkZd gksxkA

nhikyh¼ekuo lalk/ku ,oa ç”kklu vuqHkkx½

lR; ls :c:

51

dqN mfä;k¡

meku ,V vy ¼1979½ “kq‘d Nsn ¼Mªkb gksy½ ds fy, çeq[k dkj.k ¾ xyr lajpukRed O;k[;k ¼43%½

^^VªSi ifjHkk’kk** v‚QLVsM ,V vy ¼2000½ lcls [kjkc ifjHkkf’kr tksf[ke iSjkehVj VªSi dh ifjHkk’kk ¼iwoZ fMªy ¾ 46%] iksLV fMªy ¾ 23%½

eSF;w ¼2015½ 97 dwiksa esa foQyrk ds dkj.k% VªSi dh deh ¾ 28% vkSj ik”oZ D;si j‚d dh deh ¼17%½

;g O;k[;kvksa dh xq.koÙkk fu;a=.k esa lq/kkj dh vko”;drk ij çdk”k Mkyk x;k gSA laHkor% ,d O;k[;k dks ekU; djus ls igys vfrfjä dq”ky lykg ¼ih;j leh{kk½ dh ,d okLrfod vko”;drk gSA

;s egRoiw.kZ gS fd Hkwdaih; losZ{k.k ds {ks= esa VsDVksfud çHkko vkSj fu{ksi ç.kkfy;ksa dh tkap gks vkSj mudh ewyHkwr le> gksA

bu ekeykas ls lacaf/kr v/;;uksa dks çLrqr djus dk vfHkçk; fdlh O;fä ;k daiuh dh voekuuk ugha gS] cfYd bu lHkh dh tkudkjh gekjs O;k[;kRed dkS”ky dks csgrj djus ds fy, gSA

^^pSuy** okLro esa ,d fladykbu gS ftls fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

Ldsy

fdl iSekus ij] ge Hkwdaih; [kaM dks ns[k jgs gSa] mlds ek;us gSa fd Ldsy] og txg gS tgka gesa lcls vf/kd xyfr;ka fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA mijksä Hkwdaih; ¼lkbfTed½ [kaM esa fladykbu ds Åij ,d vis{kk—r lery ¼¶ySV½ js[kk fn[k jgh gS tks fd dks.kh; lEcU/k cuk jgh gS Åij dh lkbfTed ykbUl ls ftls ge dks.kh; vlaxfr ¼,axqyj mudaQfeZVh½ dg ldrs gSa u fd ^^pSuy**A

Hkwdaih; ¼lkbfTed½ LVªsfVxzkfQd fo’ys”k.k esa lkekU; xyfr;ka vkSj muls cpko

52

^^,d çsjd ¼çksxzSfMax chp½ leqæ rV**

;g Bhd gS fd leqæ çflr gksrk gSA loky ;g gS fd] ^leqæ rV* fdruk eksVk gS\

,d vPNh jsrhyh ço.krk dks vki çksQkby ekurs gSa fd dqN ,d fdukjs le:i gksaxsA vkSlr fdukjs fdrus eksVs gS\ T;knkrj ekeyksa esa 10&15 ehVj vkSj pje ekeyksa esa yxHkx 30 ehVjA tc vkSlr Hkwdaih; ladYi 30&40 ehVj ds vklikl gksrk gS] rks ge lkbfTed çksQkby esa çksxzsMs”ku dk voyksdu dSls djsa\

flQZ rV çlsd u gksdj MsYVk Hkh vkSj çksxzSM dj ldrk gSaA

csflu ¶yksj QSu

dqN csflu ¶yksj QSu lkbfTed lsD”ku esa phtcxZj dh rjg fn[krs gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd vxj ;g vkids fnekx esa xgjs ikuh esa fMi‚ftV gksus okys volkn dh Nfo gS] rks vkidk vk”p;Zpfdr gksuk LokHkkfod gSaA vlyh xgjs ikuh volkn ykscl muds ekftZu esa xgjs [kkbZ ugha cukrs] cfYd os yxHkx lery ¼¶ySV½ gksrs gSaA

çk—frd ç.kkfy;ksa esa ço.krk ¼xzsfM,aV½ vf/kdka”k O;k[;kdkjksa ds fy, ,d jgL; gSA dkcksZusV jSai esa DyhuQ‚eZ dks ns[kus ds fy, vius MsVk dh [kM+h ¼ofVZdyh½ vfrjatuk dks /;ku esa j[kuk iM+rk gSA

xgjh lkeqfæd yksc dkEIysDl & LFkyk—fr FkksM+k&lk iksLV&fMLiksftdy VsDVksfud fo—fr ds dkj.k gksrk gSA

Hkza’k js[kk

T;knkrj O;k[;kdkj Hkza”k js[kk ¼QkYV ykbu½ dks lh/kh ykbu eku dj [khap nsrs gSaA tcfd T;knkrj QkYV ,d&nwljs ds lkFk dkWEIysDl fLFkfr esa pêkuh –”;ka”k esa ik, tkrs gSa ¼[kk¡pk] ÝSDpj ,oa fefJr laLrj½A bldk rkRi;Z gSa fd QkYV dk lkbfTed lsD”ku esa vadu dks dHkh ge pSuy ekftZu Hkh eku ldrs gSa] tks fd xyr gks ldrk gSaA

mijksä fp= esa ,slk yx jgk gS fd] Þxgjs ikuh ds MsYVk ,d nwljs dh vksj c<+ jgs gSa**& tcfd] okLro esa ;g ,d ekl ifjogu tek gksus ds fy, fudyk gSA

varr% dqN eqyHkwr lkbfTed ç.kkfy;ksa dk v/;;u djus ls ge VªSi dh lajpukvksa dk dq”kyrkiwoZd irk dj ldrs gSaA

vfHkftr fc’okl¼mi v/kh{kd HkwHkkSfrdhfon~½

53

1- fganh laL—r dk viHkza”k gSA laL—r dks nsoksa dh Hkk‘kk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fganh vkSj laL—r nksuksa dks nsoukxjh fyfi esa gh fy[kk tkrk gSA nsoukxjh fyfi dk eryc gksrk gS nsoksa ds ;gk¡ fy[kh tkus okyh fyfiA

2- Hkkjr esa vkt ds le; cksyh tkus okyh fganh dks vk/kqfud fganh ;k ekud fganh dgk tkrk gSA 3- fganh “kCn [kqn Qkjlh “kCn ̂ fgan* ls fy;k x;k gSA fgan “kCn dk vk”k; ̂ fla/kq unh dh tehu*

ls gSA 4- ge 14 flracj dks fganh fnol eukrs gSa D;ksafd lu~ 1949 esa vkt gh ds fnu Hkkjrh;

lafo/kku us fganh Hkk‘kk dks jktHkk‘kk dk ntkZ fn;k x;k FkkA 5- ;s rks ge lc tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr esa lcls T;knk cksyh vkSj le>h tkus okyh Hkk‘kk fganh gS

ysfdu fo”o esa Hkh eankfju] Lisfu”k vkSj vaxzsth ds ckn fganh pkSFkh lcls T;knk cksyh tkus okyh Hkk‘kk gSA

6- vesfjdk ds 45 vkSj fo”o Hkj ds djhc 175 fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa fganh i<+kbZ tkrh gSA 7- fganh dks vkf/kdkfjd Hkk‘kk dk ntkZ nsus okyk igyk jkT; fcgkj FkkA lu~ 1881 esa fcgkj us

mnwZ dks gVk dj fganh dks viuh vkf/kdkfjd Hkk‘kk ?kksf‘kr fd;k FkkA 8- vaxzsth Hkk‘kk ds lSdM+ksa “kCn fganh ls fy, x, gSa tSls& taxy] egkRek] phrk] vorkj] bR;kfnA 9- fganh Hkk‘kk ds bfrgkl ij vk/kkfjr jpuk djus dh igy fdlh Hkkjrh; us ugha cfYd ,d

Ýkal ds ys[kd xzklka n rkalh us dh FkhA 10- la;qä jk‘Vª dh vke lHkk dks fganh esa igyh ckj 1977 esa lacksf/kr fd;k x;k FkkA rc

rRdkyhu fons”k ea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us fganh esa Hkk‘k.k nsdj ns”k dk fny thr fy;k FkkA

11- tgk¡ vaxzsth esa lcls vf/kd cksyk tkus okyk “kCn Þgsyksß gS] ogha ÞueLrsß fganh dk lcls T;knk cksyk tkus okyk “kCn gSA

12- teZuh ds Ldwyksa esa fganh i<+kus ds fy, teZuh dh ljdkj us Hkkjrh; fons”k ea=ky; ls le>kSrk fd;k gSA

13- fganh Hkkjr ds vykok bu ns”kksa esa Hkh [kwc cksyh o le>h tkrh gS% fQth] lwjhuke] e‚jh”kl] xq;kuk] usiky] f=funkn ,oa VkscSxks14- fganh Hkkjr dh mu 7 Hkk‘kkvksa esa ls ,d Hkk‘kk gS ftldk bLrseky Web addresses ¼URLs½

cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 15- lu~ 2000 esa fganh dk igyk Web Portal vfLrÙo esa vk;k Fkk rHkh ls baVjusV ij fganh us

viuh Nki NksM+uh çkjaHk dj nh tks vc j¶rkj idM+ pqdh gSA Source&https://www-achhikhabar-com/2017/09/14/hindi&language&interesting&facts

http://www-hindiwebcliq-com/2015/09/interesting&facts&about&hindi&language&in&hindi-html

ik#y R;kxhdk;Zikyd bathfu;j ¼vkxkj½

fganh ds rF;

54

vk/kqfud rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx dh “kq#vkr ls gh isVªksfy;e HkwoSKkfudksa us vUos‘k.k ds fy, ges”kk ikjEifjd ekxZ gh pquk gS tSls fd gkbMªksdkcZu lzksr ¼source½ ”kSyksa dh ryk”k djuk( vkxkj (Reservoir) “kSyksa dh ryk”k djuk tgk¡ gkbMªksdkcZu ,df=r gks ldas( ,d VªSi dh ryk”k djuk vkSj mlds ckn dwi dk os/ku djukA vkt rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx ,d Økafr ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gS] tks pêkusa Hkwrdky esa flQZ lzksr pêkuksa ds egRo dh Fkha] vkt mUgsa laHkkfor vkxkj le>k tk jgk gS vkSj vUos‘k.k mu ij dsfUær gSA tc xSj&ikjaifjd lalk/kuksa dh ckr dh tkrh gS rks eq[; cy dkcZfud “ksy ¼Organic Shales½ dh [kkst ij fn;k tkrk gSA “ksy xSl] ”ksy pêkuksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh çk—frd xSl gSA “ksy xSl Økafr dh “kq#vkr l;qaä jkT; vesfjdk esa gqbZA “ksy xSl dks ,d lalk/ku dh rjg loZçFke ÝhMksfu;k] U;w;‚dZ esa o‘kZ 1821 esa de xgjkbZ ij de ncko okyh njkjksa ls fudkyk x;kA vesfjdk esa {kSfrt os/ku ¼Horizontal drilling½ dh “kq#vkr o‘kZ 1930 esa gqbZ vkSj o‘kZ 1947 esa igyh ckj dwi esa Ýsfdax ¼Fracking½ gqbZA

o‘kZ 1970 ds nkSjku vesfjdk esa la?kh; ewY; fu;a=.k ds dkj.k xSl dh deh gks xbZA xSl dh deh dh iwfrZ djus ds fy, la?kh; ljdkj us cgqr ls vkiwfrZ fodYiksa esa fuos”k fd;k ftuesa ls iwohZ xSl “ksy ifj;kstuk ,d FkhA ljdkj us rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx dks “ksy xSl ds {ks= esa vuqla/kku ds fy, vkfFkZd enn o dj ls NwV dk çksRlkgu fn;kA ÅtkZ foHkkx us futh daifu;ksa ds lg;ksx ls o‘kZ 1986 esa ”ksy esa igyk lQy ok;q osf/kr cgq&njkjh; ¼Multi Fracture½ {ksfrt os/ku fd;kA cM+s iSekus ij {kSfrt os/ku ,oa gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax us fo”o esa “ksy xSl Økafr dks tUe fn;kA ;|fi iwohZ “ksy xSl ifj;kstuk us ,Iysf”k;u rFkk fef”kxu csflu esa xSl mRiknu rks c<+k;k] fQj Hkh VsDl ØsfMV ds vkHkko esa “ksy xSl dk mRiknu vesfjdk esa dkQh de jgk tks fd vefjdk ds dqy xSl mRiknu dk flQZ 1-6% FkkA

“ksy xSl m|ksx esa Økafr ykus dk Js; “ksy xSl m|ksx ds firk] HkwoSKkfud tkstZ ih- fepy dks tkrk gSA tkWtZ ih- fepy dh dEiuh] fepy ,uthZ us igyh ckj ckjusV “ksy esa mRiknu ykxr dks 4 M‚yj çfr fefy;u fczfV”k FkeZy ;wfuV ij ykdj “ksy xSl dks okf.kfT;d rkSj ij l{ke ¼Commercially viable½ cuk;kA fepy ,uthZ us o‘kZ 1998 esa igyh ckj ,d “ksy xSl dwi esa okf.kfT;d rkSj ij lQy fLyd okVj gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax lEiUu dhA rc ls “ksy ls mRiUu çk—frd xSl us vesfjdk ds çkFkfed ÅtkZ esa ;ksxnku dj rsth ls o`f) dh gSA vesfjdk esa gqbZ “ksy xSl Økafr us nwljs ns”kksa dks Hkh vius “ksy xSl HkaMkjksa ds vUos‘k.k ds fy, çsfjr fd;k gSA

‘ksy xSl% Hkfo”; dk Ã/ku

55

“ksy xSl lalk/kuksa dk v/;;u djus okys HkwoSKkfudksa vkSj bathfu;jksa us ;s ik;k gS fd vkxkj dh csgrj le>] çfØ;k vuqdwyu vkSj rduhd] “kks/ku esa enn dj ldrh gSA “ksy ls gkbMªksdkcZu mRiknu ds fy, cgqr ls lzksrksa ls vkadM+ks dk ladyu dwiksa ds csgrj os/ku vkSj laiknu ¼Completion½ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA blds fy, “ksy vkxkj vfHky{k.k] Hkwjklk;fud fo”ys’k.k ,oa “kSyHkkSfrdh ds v/;;u dh fo”ks’k vko”;drk gSA

'ksy vkxkj vfHky{k.k

fp=%1 “ksy vkxkj vfHky{k.k

“ksy] flYV vkSj Dys vkdkj ds d.kksa ls cuh ,d lw{e d.kh; pêku gSA i`Foh dh lkB çfr”kr volknh iiZVh ¼Crust½] “ksy ls cuh gS] vkSj ;s fo”o ds T;knkrj ikjEifjd gkbMªksdkcZu fu{ksiksa ds fy, lkslZ pêkuksa dh rjg dke djrh gSaA “ksy dks eMLVksu Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s ewyr% eM ls cuh gksrh gSA “ksy] DysLVksu] eMLVksu esa eq[; foHksn ;s gS fd “ksy cgqr gh eghu ijrnkj ¼Laminated½ vkSj fo[kaMuh; ¼Fissile½ gksrh gSa ftlls fd “ksy dks mudh feusjkyksth vkSj ifjiDork ds vk/kkj ij vklkuh ls ijrks esa rksM+k tk ldrk gSA “ksy fu{ksi cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj muesa ls dqN fu{ksiksa dks gkbMªksdkcZu lalk/kuksa esa fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA “ksy xSl vUos‘k.k dk eq[; mís”; mu dkcZfud le`) volknksa dh [kkst djuk gS ftuesa fu{ksi.k ds le; cM+h ek=k esa dkcZfud inkFkZ lqjf{kr gks x;k gS tks fd gkbMªksdkcZu mRifÙk esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ,d ckj mRifÙk ds ckn T;knkrj gkbMªksdkcZu “ksy ds eSfVªDl esa cgqr de ikjxE;rk ¼Permeability½ ds dkj.k dSn jgrk gS vkSj çokl ¼Migrate½ ugha dj ikrkA dkcZfud le`) “ksy Qksjes”ku] dkcZfud inkFkZ dh vf/kdrk o de v‚Dlhtu okys fu{ksi.k okrkoj.k esa curh gSA dkcZfud inkFkZ tks fd ewyr% çk.kh vkSj ouLifr vo”ks‘kksa ls cuk gksrk gS( lkxj vkSj >hyksa ds ry esa tek gks tkrk gS vkSj nwljs çkf.k;ksa vkSj cSDVhfj;k dk Hkkstu cu tkrk gS tcfd v‚Dlhtu jfgr okrkoj.k esa ,usjksfcd cSDVhfj;k dkcZfud inkFkZ dks iw.kZr;k u‘V ugha dj ikrk vkSj dkcZfud inkFkZ “ksy esa ifjjf{kr gks tkrk gSA dkyk lkxj esa orZeku esa fu{ksi.k ifjfLFkfr;k¡ “ksy xSl lalk/ku fu{ksi.k ds fy, mi;qä gSA

56

tSls&tSls volkn tek gksrs tkrs gSa vkSj xgjkbZ esa ncrs tkrs gSa mu ij rkieku vkSj ncko c<+rk tkrk gS vkSj “ksy ijrnkj cu tkrh gSA le; ds lkFk volknksa dh eksVkbZ c<+rh tkrh gS vkSj mijh fu{ksfir volknksa ds otu ls vfrfjä ikuh ckgj fudy tkrk gS vkSj eMLVksu l?ku gks tkrk gS] bl çfØ;k dks fyfFkfQds”ku dgrs gSaA /khjs&/khjs dkcZfud inkFkZ iduk “kq: gks tkrk gS vkSj ,d vfoys; inkFkZ dsjkstu esa cny tkrk gS ftlls rsy ,oa xSl nksuksa mRiUu gks ldrs gSaA fofHkUu rjg ds dkcZfud inkFkZ vyx&vyx çdkj ds dsjkstu dks tUe nsrs gSaA tc vyx&vyx rjg ds dsjkstu ij rkieku vkSj ncko iM+rk gS rks os fo”ks‘k rjg ds mRikn mRiUu djrs gSaA rsy] osV xSl] MªkbZ xSl rFkk u‚u gkbMªksdkcZu mRikn ncus vkSj ifjiDo gksus dh çfØ;k ds nkSjku dsjkstu fofHkUu rkieku vkSj ncko ls xqtjrk gS ftlesa çFke pj.k v‚;y foaMks gksrk gS ftlesa rsy çorZ dsjkstu ls æo isVªksfy;e mRiUu gksrk gS rFkk xSl çorZ dsjkstu ls osV xSl mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj ifjiDork dh ;g voLFkk dsVktsusfll dgykrh gSA blds i”pkr~ vkSj vf/kd xgjkbZ esa ncus ds lkFk dsjkstu MªkbZ xSl foaMks esa pyk tkrk gS vkSj esVktsusfll dh çfd;k }kjk cpk gqvk dsjkstu vkSj dsVktsusfll ds nkSjku cus Hkkjh gkbMªksdkcZu] xSl esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSaA blh çdkj dkcZfud le`) rFkk MªkbZ xSl foaMks esa mPp rkieku vkSj ncko ls xqtjh “ksy gh xSl “ksy vUos‘k.k dk eq[; y{; gksrk gSA rFkkfi] flQZ blfy, fd ,d “ksy ifjiDo gS] t#jh ugha fd og vkxkj dh fo”ks‘krk j[krh gksA ”ksy ds vkxkj xq.kksa dks ij[kus o “ksy xSl vUos‘k.k esa vkxs c<+us ds fy, HkwoSKkfud fofHkUu lzksrksa ls bdës fd;s x, Hkw&jklk;fud] “kSyHkkSfrdh ,oa Hkw;kaf=d xq.kksa dk v/;;u djrs gSaA

Hkw&jklk;fud fo’ys"k.k

“ksy xSl mRiknu ;ksX;] “ksy igpkuus ds fy, HkwoSKkfud fo”ks‘k Hkwjklk;fud xq.kksa dk v/;;u djrs gSa tks fd dksj ls çkIr fd, tkrs gSaA ”ksy lalk/ku dks iw.kZr;k le>us gsrq eq[; Hkwjklk;fud xq.k VksVy vkWxsZfud dkcZu] xSl vk;ru o {kerk] rkih; ifjiDork] ikjxE;rk rFkk [kfut laxBu gSaA

VksVy vksxsZfud dkcZu dk lalk/ku {kerk ls laca/k fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa fn[kk;k x;k gS%

VksVy vksxsZfud dkcZu] Hkkj% lalk/ku {kerk

VksVy vksxsZfud dkcZu] Hkkj % lalk/ku {kerk

<0-5 cgqr de

0-5&1 de

1&2 larks‘ktud

2&4 mÙke

4&10 vfrmÙke

>10 vKkr

xSl vk;ru o {kerk% xSl] dsjkstu dh lrg ij vf/k”kksf’kr rFkk “ksy dh çkFkfed o f}rh;d laja/kzksa esa eqä voLFkk esa jgrh gSA lEiw.kZ voLFkkfud xSl ¼TGIP½ vf/k”kksf‘kr ,oa eqä xSl dk ;ksx gksrh gSA vkxkj ds ncko ds vk/kkj ij igys eqä xSl dk mRiknu gksrk gS vkSj ja/kz ncko ds de gksus ij vf/k”kksf‘kr xSl dsjkstu dh lrg ls eqä gks tkrh gSA

57

rkih; ifjiDork ,oa gkbMªksdkcZu mRifÙk dk laca/k fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa fn[kk;k x;k gS%

ohvkjvks % gkbMªksdkcZu çdkj

<0-6 vifjiDo

0-6&0-8 rsy

0-8&1-1 osV xSl

>1-1 MªkbZ xSl

ikjxE;rk% “ksy esa ikjxE;rk dk fu/kkZj.k lcls dfBu dk;Z gS] tksfd 0-001 & 0-0000001 feyh MklhZ dh lhek esa gksrh gSA ikjxE;rk vkil esa tqM+s gq, ja/kzksa] gkbMªksdkcZu lar`Irrk vkSj [kfuftdh ij fuHkZj gksrh gSA

[kfut laxBu% “ksy esa [kfutksa dk xw<+ feJ.k gks ldrk gS vkSj fofHkUu [kfutksa dh fofHkUu ek=k esa ikjLifjd mifLFkfr ,d “ksy lalk/ku dks lQy ;k vlQy cuk ldrk gSA

dksj lsEiy Hkw&jklk;fud xq.kksa ,oa [kfutksa ds ckjs esa cgqr lkjh tkudkjh çnku dj ldrs gSa ysfdu oks ,d fo”ks‘k LFkku tgk¡ ls mUgsa çkIr fd;k x;k gS] rd lhfer jgrh gSA T;knkrj [kfutksa dh tkudkjh dksj vk¡dM+ksa ls ekudh—r] v/kksdwi y‚fxax ;a=ksa ls çkIr ”kSyHkkSfrdh ds vk¡dM+ksa ls çkIr dh tkrh gSA

'kSyHkkSfrdh vk¡dM+s

ikjaifjd vkxkj ds “kSyHkkSfrdh fo”ys‘k.k ds fy, ç;ksx fd, tkus okys çkFkfed vk¡dM+s “ksy QkWesZ”ku ds fy, Hkh bLrseky fd, tkrs gSa tSls xkek js] jsftLVhfoVh] iksjksflVh] ,oa lksfud blds vykok U;wVª‚u dsIpj LisDVªksLdksih dk Hkh ”ksy esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA ftl rjg mRiknu ;ksX; ikjEifjd vkxkj dqN fo”ks‘k xq.k çnf”kZr djrk gS oSls gh mRiknu ;ksX; “ksy ckdh ”ksyksa ls vyx xq.k çnf”kZr djrh gSA xkek js] “ksy esa dkcZfud inkFkZ dh ek=k dks crk ldrk gS vkSj mPp xkek js vf/kd dkcZfud inkFkZ dk ladsr gksrk gSA ikjEifjd vkxkj dh rqyuk esa ”ksy vkxkj ds dkcZfud inkFkZ esa lkekU;r% çk—frd :i ls feyus okys jsfMvks,fDVo [kfut vf/kd gksrs gSaA blh çdkj xSl “ksy esa vkl&ikl dh “ksYl dh rqyuk esa T;knk jsftLVhfoVh ikbZ tkrh gSA lkekU;r% ikjEifjd “ksy esa MsaflVh iksjksflVh vkSj U;wVª‚u iksjksflVh ds chp esa ,d leku fo;ksx feyrk gS tcfd mRiknu ;ksX; vkWxsZfud “ksy esa vf/kd fHkUurk ikbZ tkrh gS ftlesa MsaflVh iksjksflVh vf/kd vkSj U;wVª‚u iksjksflVh de ikbZ tkrh gS vkSj ;s “ksy esa xSl dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k gksrk gSA “ksy esa de U;wVª‚u iksjksflVh dk dkj.k vkWxsZfud “ksy esa vke “ksy dh rqyuk esa de Dys [kfutksa dk gksuk gSA

xSj&ikjEifjd vkxkj ds xq.k fo”ys‘k.k esa QkWesZ”ku fu/kkZj.k] cgqr T;knk “ksy ds [kfut laxBu dh le> ij fuHkZj djrk gSA dqN fo”ks‘k [kfutksa dh mifLFkfr ;k ek=k ;s crk ldrh gS fd “ksy vklkuh ls VwVsxh@ÝsDpj ;k ughaA y‚x fo”ys’kd bl tkudkjh dk mi;ksx ofVZdy vkSj {kSfrt dwiksa ds IyslesaV vkSj gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax LVhE;qys”ku esa djrs gSaA LisDVªksLdksih vk¡dM+sa [kfutksa dh tkudkjh ds lkFk gh Dys ds çdkj ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh çnku dj ldrs gSaA Dys Vkbi dk ç;ksx Dys dh ÝsDpfjax æo ds çfr mudh losanu”khyrk vkSj QkWjes”ku dh ç—fr le>us ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA Dys Vkbi ”ksy dh rU;rk ¼Ductility½ dks tkuus esa Hkh lgk;rk djrk gSA rU; “ksy vklkuh ls ÝsDpj ugha gksrh gSa vkSj çksisaV dks vius esa lekfgr dj ysrh gSA “ksy esa LesDVkbZV dh mifLFkfr ls “ksy esa rU;rk c<+ tkrh gS tcfd bykbV dh mifLFkfr ls “ksy esa Hkaxqjrk ¼Brittleness½ c<+ tkrh gSA

“ksy xSl dwiksa dh nh?kZdkyhu mRikndrk dh tkudkjh ds fy, ,uvkblksVªksfid ”ksy ek/;e ds ;kaf=d xq.kksa dh tkudkjh ds fy, lksfud y‚x vfr egRoiw.kZ gSA lksfud ;a=kas ls ”ksy ds fofHkUu Hkw;kaf=d xq.k tSls

58

cYd ekWM~;wy~l] iksbtu~l js”kks] ;ax ekWM~;wy~l] ;hYM LVªsaFk] f”k;j ekWM~;wy~l vkSj dEçsflo LVªsaFk dh tkudkjh çkIr dh tk ldrh gSA ;s lHkh Hkw;kaf=d xq.k “ksy dh gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax ds fy, mi;qärk tkuus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA vkxkj ds “kSyHkkSfrdh ,oa Hkw;kaf=d xq.k bathfu;jksa vkSj HkwoSKkfudksa dks {kSfrt dwi dks ySaM djus dh lgh xgjkbZ tkuus esa enn djrs gSaA

gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax

“ksy xSl mRiknu dh lQyrk cgqr T;knk] ykxr çHkkoh gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ckjusV “ksy dh lQyrk dk Js; ykxr çHkkoh fLyDokVj ÝsDpfjax dks fn;k tkrk gSA fQj Hkh “ksy Qksjes”ku ds fy, dksbZ ,d mik; i;kZIr ugha gSA fLydokVj ds vykok tSy vkSj xSl vk/kkfjr ÝsDpfjax æo Hkh dkQh çHkkoh lkfcr gq, gSaA “ksy xSl ds çHkkoh mRiknu esa {kSfrt dwiksa vkSj cgqvoLFkk ÝsDpfjax dk vge ;ksxnku gSA

fp=%2 'ksy xSl gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax

fo’o ds 'ksy xSl fu{ksi

nqfu;k Hkj esa lokZf/kd “ksy xSl dk O;kolkf;d mRiknu mÙkj vesfjdk esa gksrk gS ftlesa vesfjdk vkSj dukMk vxz.kh gSaA ekjlsyl] ckjusV] gsfULoy] bxy QksMZ] ;wfVdk] QsfV~oy] oqMQksMZ ,oa ckdu vefjdk ds çeq[k “ksy xSl Iys gSaA ;wfVdk] eqLDok] eksaVuh dukMk ds çeq[k ”ksy xSl Iys gSaA vesfjdk vkSj dukMk ds vykok] ”ksy xSl dk vc rd dsoy vtsaZVhuk vkSj phu esa gh O;kolkf;d Lrj ij mRiknu gqvk gSA vtsaZVhuk esa okdk eq,rkZ rFkk flUpqvku] rjhe vkSj ;kaXTrs phu esa çeq[k “ksy xSl Iys ds :i esa mHkjs gSaA Hkkjr esa “ksy xSl vUos‘k.k vHkh “kS”ko voLFkk esa gh gSA dSEcs] —‘.kk&xksnkojh] dkosjh vkSj xksaMokuk csflu Hkkjr ds dqN çeq[k “ksy xSl laHkkouk okys csflu gSaA

59

fp=%3 fo’o 'ksy xSl lalk/ku ekufp=

fu"d"kZ

“ksy xSl vUos‘k.k esa lcls egRoiw.kZ gS fd os/ku ls igys HkwoSKkfud o bathfu;j mu laLrjksa dks igpkus tks mÙke Js.kh ds vkxkj gksa vkSj ftuds Hkw;kaf=d xq.k Hkh mPp xq.koÙkk okys gksa vkSj muds v/;;u ds ckn gh dwiksa dks osf/kr vkSj dk;Ziw.kZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A “ksy lalk/ku lkekU;r% cgqr cM+s HkkSxksfyd {ks= esa QSys gksrs gSaA bu foLr`r HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa esa Hkh ik”oZ fn”kk esa “ksy ds xq.kksa esa fHkUurk ikbZ tkrh gS] xq.kksa esa bUgha fHkUurkvksa ds vk/kkj ij csgrj mRiknu vkSj gkbMªksfyd ÝsDpfjax ds {ks= igpkus tk ldrs gSa vkSj bUgha fo”ks‘k xq.kksa okys {ks=ksa dks LohV Li‚V dgk tkrk gSA HkwoSKkfud “ksy lalk/kuksa esa bUgha LohV Li‚V dks fofHkUu lk/kuksa ls igpkuus dk ç;kl djrs gSaA

“ksy xSl lalk/kuksa dh [kkst us fo”ks‘kKksa dks mÙkjh vesfjdk dks vxyk ^e/; iwoZ* dgus ij etcwj dj fn;k gSA vesfjdk us “ksy xSl esa çkIr lQyrk ds }kjk nwljs ns”kksa dks Hkh “ksy xSl esa dne c<+kus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k gS] vkSj djhc&djhc ,d ntZu ns”kksa us ftuesa Hkkjr] phu o dukMk “kkfey gSa] us Hkh “ksy xSl vUos‘k.k “kq: dj fn;k gSA xSl dh miyfC/k vkSj de dher ds dkj.k lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa xSl dh Hkkxhnkjh fo”o esa c<rh jgsxhA dsih,eth ds vuqlkj viuh miyfC/k vkSj de dher ds dkj.k ”ksy xSl fo”o ÅtkZ m|ksx dks lj ds cy iyVus dh {kerk j[krh gSA ;|fi iw.kZ vkRefo”okl ls ;s dguk tYnckth gksxh fd “ksy xSl dk vkus okys le; esa fo”o ÅtkZ mRiknu esa cM+k fgLlk gksxk] fQj Hkh ;s dguk lqjf{kr gksxk fd “ksy xSl esa ÅtkZ m|ksx esa Økafr ykus dh {kerk gSA cgqr lkjs v/;;u “ksy xSl ds Qk;ns lkfcr djus dh dksf”k”k ds lkFk ;s Hkh irk yxkus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs gSa fd lqfu;ksftr mRiknu ls i;kZoj.k dks Hkh dksbZ gkfu u gks vkSj vkus okys le; esa bu v/;;uksa ds ifj.kke orZeku vkSj lqnwj Hkfo‘; esa “ksy xSl dh mifLFkfr dks r; djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA

lanHkZ%

1- fofdihfM;k2- https://harvardsciencereview-com/2015/03/06/shale&gas/3- “ksy xSl fjoksY;w”ku%v‚;y QhYM fjO;w v‚Ve 2011%23 la-3 ¼Schlumberger½

vfHkjke nso 'kekZ ¼mi eq[; HkwoSKkfud½

60

fQ+Yeh Hkwr

cpiu ls flusek dk tks Hkwr]ge ij lokj gS]og vkt Hkh T;ksa dk R;ksa cjdjkj gSA

fiDpj dk ekSdk dHkh ugha xok¡rh]odhy ifr dks gh cgl esa gjkrh]I;kj ls mls fj>krh]vkSj flusek ds fy, eukrhA

fiDpj dh nhokuxh us ykbQ esa nks ckj]gesa vkokjxh dk cuk fn;k dykdkj]igyk fdLlk gS dqN chl lky iqjkuk]eksckby baVjusV dk rc u Fkk tekukA

“kfuokj dk fnu Fkk] fiDpj ns[kus dk eu Fkk]Lokfn’V [kkuk cuk;k] ifr dks ukbZV “kks ds fy, euk;k]rks cPpksa vkSj lkl dk Hkh eu yypk;k]rc ifr dks ik¡p fVdVksa ds fy, Hkxk;kA

odkyr us ifr dks cuk fn;k Fkk dkuwuh]blfy, CySd esa fVdV ysuk Fkk csekuh]igys g¶rs esa ;g Fkh cM+h ijs”kkuh]blfy, lhV u feyh gesa euekuhA

rhu Fkh bdëh vkSj ,d&,d vyx]fcBk;k rhu ij lkl dks cPpksa lax]pqi&pki cSBs vyx] D;ksa Mkysa jax esa Hkax]brus esa lkFk vkds cSBk bd ukStoka ncaxA

iwN fy;k geus mlls vk, gks D;k vdsys]v¡/ksjs esa og viuh dksguh gekjh vksj /kdsys]ijs”kku gksdj pyrh fiDpj esa cPpksa dks cqyk;k]mUgksaus rks >sai dj eq¡g fNik;kA

baVjoy esa tkds ukStoka ds le> esa vk;k]tc ifr ckyduh ls mB dj ikWi d‚uZ yk;k]lhV ,Dlpsat dk fdLlk Fkk lkjk]xyrQgeh us ijs”kka gesa dj ekjkA

gkmlQqy Fkh fiDpj nwljh ckj]ijUrq gks x;k bd peRdkj]fVdV okfil djus vk;k bd vorkj] ysuh gks yks] ij cksyk] cspwaxk bdëh pkjA

gekjk rks lj pdjk;k] ifr us cgqr le>k;k]vjs ckoyh fVdV rks feyh]pkj ds iSlksa esa nks lhV HkyhA

dgk ifr us ikfdaZx esa xkM+h NksM+ ds gw¡ vkrk]ijUrq gekjk vdkmaVsaV fnekx dgk¡ tkrk]CySfd, ds lkFk tkds [kM+s gq,]“kjkQr ls nks fVdV idMs+ gq,A

vk xbZ brus esa iqfyl dgha ls]cksyh vPNs ?kj ds yxrs gks lgh ls]fQj Hkh fVdV CySd djrs gks]iSls ds fy, brus ejrs gksA

tyh dVh tks iqfyl us lqukbZ]ifr us vkdj vkx cq>kbZ] ykt cpkbZ(ijUrq vc Hkh ;g yr u HkqykbZ]dy jkr gh fiDpj cQhZ ns[k dj vkbZA

vuhrk vxukuh¼mi egkçca/kd & foÙk½

61

ns”k dh vkfFkZd cngkyh esa Hkz‘Vkpkj :ih vtxj dk cgqr cM+k ;ksxnku gS tks /khjs&/khjs iwjs ns”k dks fuxyrk tk jgk gSA Hkz‘Vkpkj ,d ,slk nhed gS tks vFkZO;oLFkk dks /khjs&/khjs [kks[kyk dj jgk gSA

bl ns”k esa Hkz‘Vkpkj cu x;k f”k‘Vkpkj] tSls og c<+sxk]

mlds fojks/k ds lkFk viuk deh”ku Hkh c<+sxkA

lekt lsok dk /ka/kk geus is”kk cuk;k]

bl ij jgsxh ges”kk nkSyr dh Nk;kA

mi;qZä iafä;ksa esa dfo Jh nhid th us Bhd gh dgk gS fd bl ns”k esa Hkz‘Vkpkj dqN bl rjg jp cl x;k gS fd ;gka fj”or dks lqfo/kk “kqYd dgk tkrk gSA vius eqYd esa Hkz‘Vkpkj dk fojks/k Hkksysiu ls fd;k tkrk gS( dHkh ljdkj ds uke ij rks dHkh bejtsalh] rks dHkh ns”k ds fodkl ds uke ijA ns”k ds djhc gj jkT; esa] Åij ls uhps rd dksVk lk ca/kk gqvk gSA ;g [ksy iwjh lgtrk ls pyk vk jgk gSA gj oxZ] Hkz‘V jktuhfr ra=] ckSf)d ls fn[kus okys ,u-th-vks- bR;kfn us Hkz‘V ,oa cnfetkt ehfM;k ds lkFk ,slk rkuk&ckuk cqu fn;k gS ftlus iwjs ns”k ds vkfFkZd ra= dks [kks[kyk dj fn;k gSA vxj ;g dkyk /ku fons”kksa ds cSadksa esa lM+ jgk gS rks mls vius ns”k esa yk;k tk, vkSj ns”k ds fodkl esa [kpZ fd;k tk, rks iwjk ns”k LoPN ikuh] fctyh] ?kj] vLirky tSlh ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ls eg:e u jgsxkA

fLol cSad esa tek [ktkuk tc okil vk tk,xk]

vFkZO;oLFkk cnysxh] gj Hkw[kk [kkuk [kk,xkA

;w-,u- fcy dks ikl djks] tks dkys /ku dks yk,xk]

tc iSlk okfil vk tk,xk] gj xk¡o djksM+ksa ik,xkA

:i;k vkleku esa gksxk] dher ij brjk,xk]

M‚yj mldk gksxk pkdj] iSj nckus vk,xkA

çeq[k m|ksxifr vthe çseth vkfn lfgr ns”k ds 14 çeq[k ukxfjdksa us fofHkUu usrkvksa dks i= fy[kdj ns”k esa c<+ jgs Hkz‘Vkpkj ij fpark trkbZ FkhA ij gesa ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ns”k dk ,d cgqr cM+k oxZ ,slk gS tks Hkz‘Vkpkj ls uk[kq”k ugha gS D;ksafd ;g oxZ lcls T;knk blls ykHkkafor gksrk gSA bl oxZ esa jktuhfrd]

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkz"Vkpkj dk çHkko

62

ç”kklfud vf/kdkjh] U;kf;d vf/kdkjh] O;olkf;d oxZ] i=dkj] ehfM;k ?kjkuksa ds ekfyd vkfn lekt ds lHkh oxZ ds yksx “kkfey gSaA budh feyhHkxr ls dbZ ?kksVkys ppkZ dk dkj.k cusA jk‘VªeaMy [ksy ?kksVkyk] LisDVªe ?kksVkyk] pkjk ?kksVkyk] vkn”kZ lkslkbVh] gsyhd‚IVj ?kksVkyk buesa çeq[k gSaA orZeku esa nks cM+s cSad ?kksVkys fdlh ls Nqis ugha gSA ;s lHkh ?kksVkys ftuesa gtkjksa djksM+ksa ds ?kiys fd, x,] budh fLFkfr fdlh ,d ;k dqN O;fä;ksa ds ikl vlhe “kfä naM ;k dkuwu dk Hk; ugha gksus dh otg ls iSnk gqbZ gS]

,sls Hkz‘V yksxksa ij ;g fVIi.kh mfpr gS %

^^vktknh ds ckn ns”k dks usrk bruk ywV x,]

[kknh ls fo”okl ds vius] lkjs /kkxs VwV x,]

Hkz‘Vkpkjh usrk vf/kdkjh Hkkjr dks [kkrs tkrs gSa]

ywV&ywV ds ns”k dk iSlk fLol cSad esa igqapkrs gSa]

LyeM‚x dgykrs gSa fxurh gksrh daxkyksa esa]

D;ksafd pkj lkS yk[k djksM+ [kk x, usrk fiNys dqN lkyksa esa**

gesa Hkz‘Vkpkj “kCn dh O;kidrk dks Hkh le>uk gksxkA blds nk;js esa fj”or[kksjh gh ugha] le; ij viuk dke ugha djuk] dk;Z LFky ij le; ij u igq¡puk] dk;kZy; lkeku vkSj /ku dk nq:i;ksx tSls dk;Z bR;kfn Hkh Hkz‘Vkpkj dgykrs gSaA bu lcls Hkh gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk ijks{k :i ls çHkkfor gksrh gSA ns”k dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ds ;ksxnku esa gj O;fä dks lkeus vkuk gksxk] rHkh Hkz‘Vkpkj eqä ns”k dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gSA

jktho eksgu mi egkçca/kd ¼/kjkry½

63

ftUnxh ,d ,glkl gS

ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS]thus dh ehBh I;kl gS]dHkh :Bh gqbZ dksbZ vkl gS]dHkh eu dk vVy fo”okl gS]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA;s vkrh&tkrh “okl gS] thou dk e/kqj jkl gS]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA

vglkl lius latksus dk] VwVs liuksa ij jksus dk]ek¡ ds vkapy esa Nqius dk]cguk dh maxyh idM+us dk] ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA

dHkh nks fnyksa ds fi?kyus dk]ftLe ls :g ds feyus dk]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA

dHkh dneksa ds yM+[kM+kus dk]dHkh –<+rk ls dne mBkus dk]dHkh thr dk dHkh gkj dk]dHkh I;kj dk dHkh frjLdkj dk]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSAdeZ rwus tks fd,] lkFkZd gq, dqN vlQy gq,]

tyk, Fks rwus tks nh;s] tyrs jgs dqN cq> x,]dqN jks”kuh dj ds x,] dqN vkf”k;kuk fuxy x,]tyus&cq>us dk vglkl gS] thou dh ehBh I;kl gS]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA

rw fxj x;k ;k rq>s fxjk fn;k]rsjs deksaZ dk D;k flyk fn;k]bl fujFkZd ç”u dk mÙkj u fdlh ds ikl gS]rqe fot;h gks xj tks rqedks [kqn ij fo”okl gS]ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thou dh ehBh I;kl gSA

iy tks feys mUgsa [kksuk ugha]lius VwVs rks jksuk ugha]nckys lhus esa xj dgha xe dk dksbZ lSykc gS]gksaBksa is rsjs xj tks gS eqLdjkgV] gj eqf”dy dk tckc gS][kqf”k;ksa ls Hkjdj tx dk vk¡py] lkFkZd djys thou dk gj iy] ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thou dh ehBh I;kl gSA

cSBk fQj D;ksa rw mnkl gS] lc dqN rks rsjs ikl gS] ftUnxh ,d vglkl gS] thus dh ehBh I;kl gSA

vfuy dqekj feJk¼mi egkçca/kd½

64

jfo viuh ubZ uosyh nqYgu fç;k dks “kknh ds nwljs fnu ngst esa feyh pepekrh xkM+h ls “kke dks y‚Ux Mªkbo ij ysdj fudykA xkM+h cgqr rst Hkxk jgk FkkA fç;k us mls ,slk djus ls euk fd;k rks cksyk vjs! vkt ets ysus nksA vkt rd nksLrksa dh xkM+h pykbZ gSA vkt viuh xkM+h gSA lkyksa dh reUuk iwjh gqbZ gSA eSa rks [kjhnus dh lksp Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk] blfy, rqEgkjs firk ls ekax dh Fkh lks dkj fey xbZA fç;k cksyh vPNk E;wftd rks de jgus nksA rHkh vpkud xkM+h ds vkxs ,d fHk[kkjh vk x;kA “kh?kzrk ls czsd yxkrs gq, xkM+h nwljh vksj ?kqekdj] jfo us ml fHk[kkjh dks cpk;kA exj rqjar mldks xkyh nsdj cksyk] vcs fHk[kkjh] ejsxk D;kA ns”k dks cckZn djds j[kk gS rqe yksxksa usA rc fç;k xkM+h ls fudy dj ml fHk[kkjh ds ikl xbZ vkSj cksyh] ckck vkidks pksV rks ugha yxhA fç;k us ns[kk fd og vikfgt FkkA

ml ls ekQh ekaxrs gq, vkSj ilZ ls 100 #i, fudky dj mls nsdj cksyh] ekQ djuk ckck] oks ge ckrksa esa FksA ;s yhft,] dy gh gekjh “kknh gqbZ gS] Hkkstu [kkb,xk vkSj vk”khokZn nhft,xk] dg dj mls lM+d fdukjs iVjh ij fcBk fn;kA fHk[kkjh nqvk,a nsus yxkA

xkM+h esa okfil vkdj cSBh fç;k ls jfo cksyk] rqe tSlksa dh otg ls gh bu yksxksa dh fgEer c<+rh gSA fHk[kkfj;ksa dks eq¡g ugha yxkuk pkfg,A fç;k eqLdqjkrs gq, cksyh & jfo] fHk[kkjh rks etcwj gSa] blfy, Hkh[k ekaxrs gSa vkSj dbZ yksx] lc dqN lgh gksrs gq, Hkh Hkh[k ekaxrs gSaA ysfdu tkurs gks [kwu&ilhuk feyk gksrk gS xjhc yM+dh ds ek¡&cki dk ngst esaA rqeus Hkh rks ikik ls xkM+h ekaxh Fkh u ! oks fHk[kkjh rks etcwj gS] vikfgt gS vkSj vki \ ,d cki vius ftxj ds VqdM+s dks chl&iPphl lkyksa rd laHkkydj j[krk

gSA mls ;Ru ls ikyrk gSA ;s yksx rks fdUgha otgksa ls etcwjho”k ek¡xrs gSa fdUrq ngst ds :i esa ek¡xus okys yksxksa dks D;k dgsaxsA jfo ,dne [kkeks”k uhph utjsa fd, gq, lqurk jgkA

dU;k nku egknku dgk tkrk gSA ml ij ngst ek¡xuk] Hkh[k ugha gS rks D;k gS \

nqfu;k ds gj ngst ekaxus okys dks lefiZrA

jkds’k tSu

ngst ysus okys fHk[kkjh

65

lqugjs ia[k

bd fpfM+;k Mkyh ij vk cSBh gS]

mldh 'kk[kksa dks ?kj viuk cuk cSBh gS!

c<+k jgh gS 'kksHkk bd ?kj dh]

vkSj I;kjh yx jgh gS blds pgdus ls gj fdj.k lwjt dh!

fdruh ehBh gS u bldh cksyh]

vkt firk ls ,d uUgh lh xqfM+;k cksyh!

ikik eq>s Hkh ia[k pkfga,]

[kqys vkleku esa ,slh gh bd mM+ku pkfg,!

eq>s Hkh ia[k ,sls fnyokvks uk]

fpfM+;k tSls lqugjk cukvks uk!

xqfM+;k ls ikik cksys ;s lqu dj]

lqugjh gks rqe bl ls Hkh c<+ dj!

,d fnu fcu ia[kksa ds gh mM+ tkvksxh]

?kj dh bl Mkyh dks lwuk dj tkvksxh!

[kqn ls T;knk fcfV;k dks pkgrk gS]

firk vkSj fcfV;k dk dqN ,slk gh ukrk gS!

;s rqEgkjh lqugjh vkSj rqe gks esjh lksu fpfM+;k!

esjh nqvk,a vkSj rqEgkjh dke;kch gh]

rqEgkjs lqugjs ia[k gSa esjh Hkksyh xqfM+;k!

jfr’kk

¼foÙk ,oa ys[kk vuqHkkx½

66

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; ds foHkkxksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡

os/ku foHkkx Û çca/ku lfefr ds le{k vuqeksnukFkZ iwoZ lHkh os/ku çLrkoksa usYi] çh&usYi] lh-ch-,e-] Mh-,l-,Q- Cy‚d

vFkok {ks= esa rVh;] virVh;] u, vkSj iqu% 'kkfey dwiksa ds fy, v‚ijsVjksa laca/kh çLrkoksa dh rduhdh leh{kk djukA

Û çh&usYi] usYi] Mh-,l-,Q- Cy‚dksa ds fy, v‚ijsVjksa }kjk çLrqr Mh-vks-lh-] ,Q-Mh-ih- ls lacaf/kr lHkh os/ku çLrkoksa dh rduhdh laoh{kk fu/kkZfjr le; lhek ds Hkhrj djukA

Û rVh; vkSj virVh; vFkok lh-ch-,e- CykWdksa @ {ks=ksa esa os/ku dk;ZØeksa ls lacaf/kr v‚ijsVjksa dh okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk vkSj ctV dh leh{kk vkSj rduhdh laoh{kk djukA

Û lacaf/kr çca/ku lfefr }kjk ys[kk ijhf{kr ys[kkvksa dks Loh—r fd, tkus iwoZ budh leh{kk djuk vkSj rduhdh vuqeksnu çkIr djukA

Û rVh; vkSj virVh; Cy‚dksa @ {ks=ksa esa v‚ijsVj ds çpkyuk/khu dwiksa dks e‚uhVj djuk vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dk fjd‚MZ j[kukA

Û ih-,l-lh- v‚ijsVjksa dh viw.kZ dk;Z ;kstukvksa ds ifjfu/kkZfjr {kfr;ksa ds ewY;kadu gsrq isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ds fn”kk&funsZ”kksa ds vuqlkj xSj&osf/kr] va”kr% osf/kr dwiksa ds fy, os/ku le; ¼”kq"d dwi fl)karksa ij½ dk fu/kkZj.k djukA

Û Hkkjr ljdkj] foÙk ea=ky; dh vf/klwpukvksa ds rgr ,e-,y- @ ih-bZ-,y- {ks=ksa] usYi @ çh&usYi Cy‚dksa @ {ks=ksa] lh-ch-,e- vkSj Mh-,l-,Q- Cy‚dksa esa os/ku laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Zrk çek.k i=] vukifÙk çek.ki=] fons”kh çki.k gsrq ifj;kstuk çkf/kdkj çek.ki= ds çLrkoksa dh rduhdh leh{kk rFkk vuqeksnuA

Û rduhdh lfefr;ksa esa ih-,l-lh- dk;Z ;kstukvksa ls lacaf/kr rduhdh eqíksa ij ppkZ ,oa dkjZokbZ djukA

Û isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; dks çsf"kr dh tkus okyh ekfld os/ku fu"iknu fjiksVZ rS;kj djuk vkSj lalnh; rFkk vU; ç”uksa] rduhdh eqíksa ls lacaf/kr isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ds ç”uksa dk mÙkj rS;kj djukA

Û Mh-vks-lh- @ ,Q-Mh-ih- @ MCY;w-ih-,aM-ch- @ ys[kkijhf{kr ys[kk ij ppkZ @ leh{kk @ Loh—fr @ vuqeksnu ij fopkj&foe”kZ ds fy, vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh çca/ku lfefr cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysukA

Û os/ku foHkkx ds rduhdh vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk v‚ijsVjksa ds dk;Z LFky ij os/ku xfrfof/k;ksa] LFky iquZLFkkiu lfgr çR;{k lR;kiu ds fy,] tc Hkh vko”;drk gks] nkSjk djukA

laf{kfIr;ka % Mh-vks-lh- & okf.kfT;Ro dh ?kks"k.kk] ,Q-Mh-ih- & {ks= fodkl ;kstuk] ,e-lh- & çca/ku lfefr] MCY;w-ih-,aM-ch- & dk;Z ;kstuk ,oa ctV rS;kj djukA

67

foÙk ,oa ys[kk foHkkx

Û Mh-th-,p- dk okf"kZd ctV rS;kj djuk rFkk mls Mh-th-,p- dh ç”kklfud ifj"kn~ ls vuqeksfnr djkukA Û vuqeksfnr ctV ds vuqlkj Mh-th-,p- dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks lapkfyr djus ds fy, rsy m|ksx fodkl cksMZ

ls vuqnku dh ekax djukA Û Hkqxrku ds fy, çkIr çLrkoksa dk fo”ys"k.k rFkk tkap djukA Û Mh-th-,p- ds ijke”kZnkrkvksa dh 'kqYd Hkqxrku çfØ;k laca/kh dk;ZA Û [kjhn @ vuqca/k lsokvksa rFkk fons”kksa esa Hkqxrkuksa ls lacaf/kr vko”;d QkeZ vkfn esa Vh-Mh-,l-] th-,l-Vh-

rFkk fofHkUu çdkj ds djksa ds laca/k esa Mh-th-,p- dh vksj ls] dj ijke”kZnkrk dh lykg ysukA Û Hkqxrku tkjh djus ds fy, l{ke vf/kdkjh dk vuqeksnu çkIr djukA Û QqVdj] bEçsLV ls lacaf/kr udnh dk vkoaVu ¼forj.k½ djukA Û ?kjsyw nkSjksa rFkk isjsaV laxBuksa }kjk ykxw @ fu/kkZfjr nkSjk fcyksa ¼Vh-,-½ rFkk VsyhQksu O;; dk Hkqxrku djuk Û vf/kdkfj;ksa @ ea=ky;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fons”k nkSjs laca/kh fons”kh eqæk dh O;oLFkk djuk rFkk mudh

,aVkbVyesaV ¼gdnkjh½ ds vuqlkj lek;kstu djukA Û Mh-th-,p- ds okf"kZd ys[kk dks vafre :i nsuk vkSj mlds i”pkr~ rqyu&i= vkSj ys[kk&vuqlwph rS;kj

djuk A Û LFkk;h ifjlaifÙk;ksa dh ys[kk&iqfLrdk dk j[k&j[kkoA Û foÙk lnL; ds :i esa fufonkvksa dks [kksyukA Û fufonk lfefr ds lnL; ds :i esa dk;Z rFkk lafonk çLrkoksa dk iqujh{k.kA Û Mh-th-,p- ds fofHkUu lewgksa dks muds lalnh; ç”uksa @ vkj-Vh-vkbZ- ç”uksa vkfn ls lacaf/kr lwpuk,a miyC/k

djkukA Û Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd tSls laoS/kkfud fudk; ls Mh-th-,p- dk ys[kk ijh{k.k djkukA Û foÙkh; eatwjh çkIr djus ds fy, ,Q-,-,aM-lh-,-vks- ds lkFk leUo; djukA Û ,u-Mh-vkj- ds ek/;e ls MkVk vknku&çnku ds fy, Øsrkvksa }kjk çLrqr çksQkekZ buo‚bl dh iqujh{kk] usV

cSafdax rFkk isesaV xsVos ds ek/;e ls jlhnksa dk j[k&j[kko @ lek;kstu djukA Û Vh-Mh-,l- dks le; ij tek djkukA th-,l-Vh- laca/kh fjVuZ Qkby djuk rFkk rnuqlkj Vh-Mh-,l-

çek.ki= tkjh djukA Û Mh-th-,p- ds N% cSad [kkrksa ds fy, nks çkf/k—r gLrk{kjdrkZvksa esa ls ,d gLrk{kjdrkZ foÙk foHkkx ls gS Û LisdqysfVo losZ MkVk fcØh rFkk rnksijkar Mh-th-,p- dh fgLlsnkjh ls lacaf/kr 'ks"k jkf”k ds fcØh çfØ;k dk

lek/kku djuk Û fufonk 'kqYd] bZ-,e-Mh-] vkjf{kr jkf”k vkfn dks cSad esa tek djuk rnksijkar bZ-,e-Mh-] vkjf{kr jkf”k ykSVuk

rFkk lek/kku ¼fjdalhys”ku½ djukA Û Mh-th-,p- ,dkmaV dks VSyh ,dkmaV flLVe esa j[kukA Û cSad lek/kku rFkk Mh-th-,p- ds cSadjksa ds lkFk leUo;A Û vks-vkbZ-Mh-ch- @ isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; @ vk;y daifu;ksa @ ys[kk&ijh{kdksa @ VSDl

lykgdkjksa ls fofHkUu eqíksa ij leUo; djukA

Û Mh-th-,p- esa pykbZ tk jgh fofHkUu çkseks”kuy xfrfof/k;ksa ds lkFk lac)rkA

68

mRiknu Hkkxhnkjh lafonk ¼ih,llh½ foHkkx blds varxZr dqy 282 Cy‚dksa esa ls 28 Cy‚d çh&usYi] 254 usYi jkmaM ds gSaA buesa ls 49 Cy‚d lfØ; ¼,fDVo½] 204 ifjR;Dr Cy‚d gSa rFkk 6 ,sls Cy‚d gSa ftUgsa ih-bZ-,y- dh çrh{kk gSA Û okf’kZd dk;Z&dk;ZØe rFkk ctVA Û fodkl ;kstukvksa ds çLrkoksa ds vuqeksnu dh leh{kkA Û fodkl {ks= dk fu/kkZj.kA Û ys[kk ijh{kdksa dh fu;qfä ds lkFk&lkFk mlds dk;Z{ks= vkSj ys[kkijhf{kr fjiksVksaZ dh Loh—frA Û vU; {ks=ksa ds ykblsal /kkjdksa vkSj v‚ijsVjksa ds lkFk lg;ksxA Û ifjR;kx ;kstuk@lkbV cgkyh ds fy, çLrko dh leh{kkA Û viw.kZ dk;Z&dk;ZØe ds ykxr ,oa fyfDoM {kfr dh x.kukA Û v‚ijsVj }kjk çLrqr Mh-vks-lh-@çLrkoksa dk vuqeksnu vkSj leh{kkA Û {kE; foyac ij isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ds ijke”kZ ls vfrfjä le; çnku djukA Û mRiknu Hkkxhnkjh lafonk esa fufgr fn”kk&funsZ”kksa ds vuq:i le; vkSj Qst&foLrkj ds çLrko dh leh{kkA Û tgk¡ dgha ykxw gks] Hkkxhnkjh fgr ¼ih-vkbZ-½ dk fu/kkZj.kA Û ns; cSad xkjaVh dh tk¡p vkSj fof/kd ¼dkuwuh½ ijke”kZA Û laln rFkk isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ls visf{kr ç”uksa ds mÙkj miyC/k djkukA Û Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kd rFkk lwpuk ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ¼vkj-Vh-vkbZ-½ ds ç”uksa ds mÙkjA

69

lkekftd lerk euq"; dk

tUefl) vf/kdkj gSekuo&ekuo esa Hksn ugha

dksbZ /keZ egku gS]lkekftd lerk euq"; dktUefl) vf/kdkj gSA

çfrca/k yxs gksa thus ijlerk dk vf/kdkj ugha]

mldk thuk Hkh D;k thukftldks ekuo vf/kdkj ughaA

'kks"k.k eqä lekt jpuk dksçfrca/k gesa Lohdkj ugha]ekuo foHksn dks foo’k djsa,sls ca/ku Lohdkj ughaA

nfyr&’kksf"kr] =flr&oafpr Lora=rk ds vFkZ ugha]tu&tu le`) u gksosalkFkZd x.kra= ughaA

U;k;] Lora=rk] lerk] ca/kqrklcdks lekurk dk vk/kkjçR;sd ukxfjd dks çkIr gSa

laoS/kkfud x.krkaf=d vf/kdkjA

lp rks lnk ls vdsyk pyk gS

lp dks u le>ku lp dks tkuk]lp lnk ls jgkvule>k vutkukA

lp ;g gS fdlp dks lp crk,¡ rkscrk,¡ dSls\lp dks lp le>k,¡ rksle>k,¡ dSls\

lp ds jkLrksa esaeqf”dysa gSa T;knkcksyks rqEgkjkD;k gS bjknk\

lkFk py ldks rkslkFk esa vkvksu py ldks rks;gha Bgj tkvksA

lp dk dgk¡dkjoka gksrk gS]lp rks lnk lsvdsyk pyk gSA

M‚- lR;ukjk;.k tfV;k ^lR;t*¼laln lnL;½

70

;wuhdksM;g loZfofnr gS fd orZeku le; esa fdlh Hkh Hkk‘kk ds fy, daI;wVj dk ç;ksx vfuok;Z gSA Xykscykbts”ku ds nkSj esa daI;wVj ds ç;ksx ds fcuk dksbZ Hkh Hkk‘kk fo”o iVy ij viuk LFkku cuk, j[kus esa vleFkZ gSA vkt flQZ fganh gh ugha oju~ laL—r] ejkBh] usikyh] dksad.kh vkSj fla/kh vkfn Hkk‘kkvksa ds fy, Hkh nsoukxjh fyfi dk daI;wVj esa ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA

fdlh Hkh Hkk‘kk dks eqfær ;k daI;wVjh—r djus ds fy, ml Hkk‘kk ds o.kZ leqPp;ksa dh fo”ks‘k vk—fr ;k cukoV dks Q‚UV dgk tkrk gSA çR;sd Q‚UV dks fy[kus dh “kSyh fHkUu gksrh gS vFkkZr~ fy[kus dh “kSyh cnyus ij Hkh og Q‚UV cny tkrk gSA

daI;wVj dh ç.kkyh ladsr vk/kkfjr gksrh gS] blfy, daI;wVj ds ek/;e ls fdlh Hkh Hkk‘kk ds Q‚UV ds v{kjksa dks n”kkZus ds fy, ladsrksa dh O;oLFkk dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ladsr dh ,d bdkbZ dks ^ckbV* ¼Byte½ dgk tkrk gS vkSj ckbV esa vkB NksVh bdkb;ksa ¼Bits½ dh J`a[kyk gksrh gSA vxj fofHkUu Q‚UVl dh ladsr&fyfi ijLij fojks/kh gks ;k ,d gh ladsr ds fofHkUu v{kjksa ds fy, ç;qä gks jgk gks] rks mu Q‚UVl dks çnf”kZr djus esa fnDdrsa vkrh gSa vkSj bUgha dkj.kksa ls nsoukxjh fyfi ds fy, fufeZr Q‚UVl dks Hkh daI;wVj esa [kksyus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gS vkSj daI;wVj ij tks lkexzh mi;ksäk ds lkeus vkrh gS] og tad gksrh gSA

bu leL;kvksa ds fujkdj.k gsrq tsjksDl daiuh ds tks csdj vkSj ,Iiy daiuh ds ekdZ ek/;e ls lu~ 1987 esa ^;wfuolZy dSjsDVj lsV* ds fuekZ.k ij vuqla/kku dk;Z fd;k] ftlus ;wuhdksM O;oLFkk dks tUe fn;kA vxLr 1988 esa csdj dk “kks/k i= ^baVjus”kuy eYVhfyaxqoy VsDLV dSjsDVj ,udksfMax flLVe* uke ls çdkf”kr gqvk ftlesa *16 fcV dSjsDVj e‚My* dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;kA ;wuhdksM oLrqr% fo”oO;kih lwpuk vknku&çnku dh og O;oLFkk gS] ftlds }kjk lalkj dh çR;sd fyfi ds çR;sd v{kj ds fy, ,d fo”ks‘k uacj fn;k tkrk gSA ;wuhdksM ekud fo”o dh leLr ys[kuhc) Hkk‘kkvksa ds fy, çR;sd djSDVj dks ^,udksM* djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA ,udksfMax ¼encoding½ og O;oLFkk gksrh gS] ftlds }kjk daI;wVj ;g fuf”pr djrk gS fd fdl ckbujh dksM ds fy, dkSu lk v{kj ;k vad çnf”kZr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;wuhdksM 16 fcV ,udksfMax dk ç;ksx djrk gS] tks 65000 djSDVj ls Hkh T;knk ¼65536½ ds fy, dksM IokbaV miyC/k djkrk gSA blh dkj.k ;wuhdksM daI;wVj MkVk dks Q‚UV dh ifjf/k ls ckgj j[krk gS vkSj ,udksfMax esa fdlh Hkh ladsr dks lksyg vadksa ds la;kstu ds :i esa j[krk gS] ftlls bl ekud esa fo”o dh yxHkx lkjh Hkk‘kk,a “kkfey gks xbZ gSaA

vke daI;wVj ç;ksäkvksa ds vykok ;wuhdksM cgqHkk‘kh VsDLV ij dke djus okys daI;wVj mi;ksäkvksa] O;kikfj;ksa] rduhf”k;uksa] Hkk‘kkfonksa] vuqla/kkudrkZvksa vkSj oSKkfudksa ds fy, Hkh cgqr mi;ksxh gS D;ksafd ;wuhdksM ls fofo/krk ds LFkku ij ,d:irk vkrh gS] MkVk lqjf{kr jgrk gS] ijaijkxr midj.kksa dh rqyuk esa] vf/kd lLrk vkSj lqxe gS rFkk Qkbyksa dk vknku&çnku Hkh vklkuh ls gks tkrk gSA lkFk gh ;wuhdksM vk/kkfjr daI;wVj ij u flQZ Vkbfiax] cfYd “kfVaZx] baMsfDlax] lpZ] esy&etZ] gsMj&QqVj QqVuksV~l] fVIif.k;k¡ vkfn tSls dke fganh lfgr fo”o dh fdlh Hkh Hkk‘kk esa fd, tk ldrs gSaA

nsoukxjh fyfi ds lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks ;wuhdksM O;oLFkk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ fl) gqbZ gSA o‘kZ 2000 ds vklikl Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx }kjk ^;wuhdksM dalksfVZ;e* dh LFkk;h lnL;rk xzg.k dh xbZ vkSj fofHkUu Q‚UVl dh ctk; ,d ^;wuhdksM budksfMax* dks ekU;rk nh xbZ] ftlesa eaxy Q‚UV dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl ;wuhdksM ekud dh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu ç;ksäk ,d gh Q‚UV ij nsoukxjh esa ,d:irk ds lkFk dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA vxj ç;ksäk dks e‚My Q‚UV ilan u vk, rks Hkkjr ljdkj us 300 ,sls fganh Q‚UV baVjusV ij miyC/k djk,a gSa ftudks MkmuyksM dj vius ilan ds Q‚UV esa Vkbi lkexzh dks cnyk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh;

71

fyfi;ksa ls lacaf/kr foHkkx dks ^bafMd ¼Indic½ ;wuhdksM* dgk tkrk gSA ;wuhdksM ds uohure laLdj.k ¼5-10½ esa nsoukxjh lfgr fofo/k Hkkjrh; fyfi;ksa dks ekudh—r fd;k x;k gS vkSj nsoukxjh ;wuhdksM esa dqy 109 o.kksaZ @ fpàksa dk ekudhdj.k fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ”kq) O;atu rFkk oSfnd fpà ^LofLrd* dks vHkh ”kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA

o‘kZ 2000 ds vklikl ds lHkh daI;wVj] tSls& foaMkst ,Dlih vkSj mlls Åij ds laLdj.k] 2000 ds ckn ds ;wfuDl vkS, fyfuDl] ;wuhdksM lefFkZr ,Iyhds”ku tSls oMZ] ,Dlsy] ikoj IokbaV] yksVl rFkk ;wuhdksM leFkZd ¼Unicode Compliant½ v‚ijsfVax flLVe esa bafMd baLV‚ys”ku fd;k tk ldrk gSA v‚fQl 2007 vkSj 2010 esa ;wuhdksM leFkZd Q‚UV~l dh O;oLFkk Hkh gSA ;fn u‚u ;wuhdksM Q‚UV~l dh Qkbysa gSa] rks ^ifjorZu l‚¶Vos;j* ;k ^TBIL dUotZu l‚¶Vos;j* dh lgk;rk ls mudks ;wuhdksM esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

bafMd ;wuhdksM dks baLVky djuk

daI;wVj esa ;wuhdksM dks baLVky djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr pj.k gSa%&

1- Start

2- Control Panel

3- Click on Regional & Language option

,d NksVh Information Window [kqysxh] ftlesa rhu Tab fn[ksaxsA

Regional option Languages Advanced

buesa ls igys gesa Languages Tab dks fDyd djuk gS] ftlesa nks psd c‚Dl vk,axs

&Install File for Complex Script

&Install file for East Asian Languages

4- loZçFke nwljs Hkkx dks lfØ; djsa ftlesa Install files for Complex Script & right to left languages vkSj Install files for East Asian languages [kqysaxs ftlesa igys c‚Dl ij fDyd djsaA fQj Apply djsaA

5- Windows dh lh-Mh- ls ;wuhdksM dh Qkby daI;wVj ij vk tk,xhA

6- Activate gks tkus ds ckn daI;wVj jhcwV djsaA

7- ,d ckj fQj daVªksy iSuy] jhtuy ,aM ySaXostst v‚I”ku vkSj fQj ySaXostst esa tk,aA

8- ySaXostst esa details cVu ij fDyd djsaA ,d vkSj ubZ Information Window [kqysxhA ogk¡ settings esa fDyd djus ds ckn ADD cVu dj fDyd djsaA ,d NksVh ls foaMks Add Input language [kqysxhA buesa nks c‚Dl gSaA igyk – Input language esa fganh pqusa] nwljs c‚Dl esa Keyboard Layout esa nsoukxjh pqu dj OK ij fDyd djsaA

9- vc blls igys okyh foaMks esa English ds uhps Hindi dh&cksMZ Hkh fy[kk gksxkA blh foaMks esa uhps Language Bar ij fDyd djds ,d NksVh foaMks [kqysxhA vc Show the Language Bar of Desktop ij psd djds OK djsaA

10- ;wuhdksM ,fDVosV gks x;k gSA MsLdV‚i ds VkLdckj ij EN vk,xk] minimize djus ij og taskbar ij gksxkA vc tc Hkh fganh esa Vkbi djuk gks rks uksViSM ;k oMZ [kksydj EN ij fDyd djds fganh ¼HIN½ ij fDyd djsaA vc vki fganh esa Vkbi dj ldrs gSaA

ladyudrkZ&fganh vuqHkkx

72

fj’or vkSj fl;klr

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

pquko vk, usrk vk,] usrk vk, ok;ns yk,]

pquko x,] usrk x,] usrk x,] ok;ns x,]

ik¡p cjlksa ds ckn gh] usrk dk psgjk fn[krk gS]

'kjkc dh ,d cksry ij] iwjs ifjokj dk oksV fcdrk gS]

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

usrk th vius Hkk"k.k esa dqN bl rjg ls cfr;krs gSa]

?kj&?kj esa] eSa eq¶r fctyh fnyokÅaxk]

xk¡o esa mPp f”k{kk ds fy, Ldwy vkSj iwtk ds fy, eafnj efLtn cuokÅaxk]

xk¡o ds ejhtksa ds fy, ,d ik¡p flrkjk g‚fLiVy Hkh cuokÅaxk]

fudky dj ugj xaxk ls] vkids xzke rd ykÅaxk]

bl catj iM+h tehu dks] eSa mitkÅ cukÅaxk]

gj xjhc ifjokj dks nks :i, fdyks pkoy vkSj vkVk eSa fnyokÅaxk]

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

dk;ZdrkZ] nwljh ikVhZ ls fHkM+ tkrs gSa]

I;kjs usrk dh [kkfrj viuh tku xokars gSa]

gksrs gh 'kke nksuksa ikVhZ ds usrk] ,d lkFk egfQy tekrs gSa]

,d lkFk [kkrs&ihrs vkSj Bgkds yxkrs gSa]

Hkksys yksx u tkus D;ksa bu usrkvksa dh ckrksa esa vkrs gSa]

thrus ij pquko esa usrk th djksM+ksa esa fcd tkrs gSa]

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

73

cuus ij feyh&tqyh ljdkj esa gekjs usrk th ea=h cu tkrs gSa]

cSBrs gh og dqlhZ ij cM+s ckcw dks cqyokrs gSa]

vkrs gh cM+s ckcw ds] mldks ;g le>krs gSa]

;g feyh&tqyh ljdkj fdrus fnu py ik,xh]

tYnh ls rqe Iyku cukvks] fj”or ds rqe lk/ku tqVkvks]

dqN gekjk cuokvks vkSj dqN viuk cuokvks]

lM+dsa cuokvks vkSj gokbZ vìk cuokvks]

gekjs fj”rsnkjksa ds uke ij rqe dkj[kkus yxokvks]

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

cM+s ckcw dh esgur ij vxys gh fnu ,d eksVs ls lsB vkrs gSa]

viuh yach lh xkM+h esa Hkjdj uksVksa dk cSx oks ykrs gSa]

ik¡p djksM+ ds uksVksa dk cSx ea=h th dks fn[kykrs gSa]

lkFk gh lsB ljdkjh tehu ij QSDVªh yxkus dh vthZ vkxs c<+krs gSa]

;g ns[krs gh ea=h th xqLls ls yky gks tkrs gSa]

ljdkjh tehu ij QSDVªh yxkus ds fy, flQZ ik¡p isVh fn[kykrs rqe]

usrkfxjh ls igys bruh jde vigj.k dh fQjkSrh ysrs Fks ge]

bruk rks esjs ckcw dk jsV gS] mldks tkdj ns nks rqe]

tks ljdkjh tehu ij QSDVªh yxkuh gS]

rks ,d QSDVªh esjh vkSj ,d viuh yxokvks rqe]

fj”or vkSj fl;klr dk] cM+k gh xgjk fj”rk gS]

vkrs gh pquko dk nkSj] gj usrk vius {ks= esa fn[krk gSA

fxj/kkjh yky galk¼mi egkçca/kd½

74

useh fVIif.k;ka@Routine CommentsØekad vaxzsth fganh

1- Action may be taken accordingly rn~uqlkj dkjZokbZ dh tk,

2- Action may be taken as proposed ;Fkk çLrkfor dkjZokbZ dh tk,

3- Advise further development vkxs dh çxfr ds fy, voxr djk,¡A

4- Copy enclosed for ready reference rRdky lanHkZ ds fy, çfrfyfi layXu gSA

5- Draft approved as amended ;Fkk la”kksf/kr elkSnk vuqeksfnr fd;k tkrk gSA

6- Draft is concurred in çk:i @ elkSns ls lgefr gS

7- Draft reply is put up for approval mÙkj dk elkSnk vuqeksnu ds fy, çLrqr gSA

8- Duly complied with fof/kor~ ikyu fd;k x;k

9- For consideration / approval fopkjkFkZ @ vuqeksnukFkZ

10- For disposal fuiVku ds fy,

11- For doing the needful vko”;d dkjZokbZ ds fy,

12- For favour of necessary action mfpr dkjZokbZ ds fy,

13- For further action vkxs dh dkjZokbZ ds fy,

14- For information only dsoy lwpuk ds fy, @ lwpukFkZ

15- For recommendation flQkfj”k @ laLrqfr ds fy,

16- For such action as may be necessary ;Fkk vko”;d dkjZokbZ ds fy,

17- Further orders will follow vkxs vkSj vkns”k Hksts tk,axs

18- In consultation with ls ijke”kZ djds

19- In pursuance of ds vuqlj.k esa @ ds vuqlkj

20- In reply to ds mÙkj esa

21- -------Is hereby informed -------dks lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS

22- May be passed for payment Hkqxrku ds fy, ikl djsaA

23- May be permitted vuqefr nh tk, @ vuqefr nsaA

24- No further action is necessary vkxs fdlh dkjZokbZ dh vko”;drk ugha gSA

25- Please acknowledge receipt —i;k ikorh Hkstsa @ —i;k çkfIr lwpuk nsa

26- Please discuss —i;k ppkZ djsaA

27- Please speak —i;k ckr djsaA

28- Seen, thanks ns[k fy;k] /kU;oknA

29- Seen and returned ns[kdj okfil fd;k tkrk gSA

30- Submitted for perusal and approval voyksdu ,oa vuqeksnu ds fy, çLrqr

75

¼eklwe ckyd ç|qeu dks lefiZr½

esjs yky rsjs fcuk gky esjk csgky gS]

D;ksa ugha gS rw esjs ikl cl ;gh ,d loky gS\

dHkh rsjs f[kykSus latksrh gw¡] dHkh pknj laokjrh gw¡]

ftl iyax ij lksrk Fkk rw] mls iy&iy fugkjrh gw¡]

dHkh rsjs fy, iwjh&gyok cukrh gw¡] [kkus ds fy, rsjh Fkkyh ltkrh gw¡]

esjs yky rsjs fcuk gky esjk csgky gS]

D;ksa ugha gS rw esjs ikl cl ;gh ,d loky gS\

lqcg&lqcg Ldwy ;wfuQkeZ igu dj rsjk rS;kj gks tkuk]

NksVs&NksVs twrs igu] py dj fn[kkuk]

rsjk oks gal dj fn[kkuk] ckr djrs&djrs rqrykuk]

uksVcqd esa Vs<+s&es<+s v{kj cukuk]

,d gh y; esa fdrkc dks i<+rs tkuk]

Vh-oh- ns[krs&ns[krs lks tkuk]

ikik ds twrs igu dj brjkuk]

rsjk oks :B tkuk vkSj esjk eukuk]

ckj&ckj eq>s oks lc ;kn vkrk gSA

esjs yky rw eq>s bruk D;ksa lrkrk gSA

esjs yky rsjs fcuk gky esjk csgky gS]

D;ksa ugha gS rw esjs ikl cl ;gh ,d loky gS\

,slk yxrk gS vHkh vk,xk rw] lhus ls esjs fyiV tk,xk rw]

ek¡ ek¡ ek¡ dg dj cqyk,xk rw]

tkurh gw¡ rw vc uk vk,xk] viuh ek¡ dks mez Hkj ;wa gh #yk,xk]

esjs cPps esjs yky] ;gh lPpkbZ gS]

ekuo ds :i esa yksx dlkbZ gSa] ekuo ds :i esa yksx dlkbZ gSaA

dqynhi dqekj

¼ih-,l-lh- vuqHkkx½

76

feyrs&tqyrs ‘kCnksa ds Bhd iz;ksxAlert ltx ekufld rFkk “kkjhfjd –f‘V ls lrdZ jgus okyk

Careful lko/kku tks cM+s /;ku ls viuk dke djrk gS

Cautions lrdZ] pkSdl tks vkxs vkus okys [krjs ls cpus ds fy, igys ls lrdZ gks

Circumspect pkSdUuk fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ifjfLFkfr esa lko/kku jgus okyk

Vigilant tkx:d@lrdZ lc rjg ls lko/kku jgus okyk

Scrupulous vfr lko/kku çR;sd ckr dh lR;rk dk iwjk /;ku j[kus okyk

Wakeful pkd pkSdl l”kafdr gksus ds dkj.k ges”kk vfr lrdZ jgs

Allegiance jktfu‘Bk “kklu] ns”k o jk‘Vª ds çfr fu‘Bk

Devotion ijk;.krk fdlh dk;Z ds çfr iwjh rRijrk ls yxuk

Fidelity fo”oLrrk@drZO; ijk;.krk

mÙkjnkf;Ro o fo”okl ds çfr drZO;fu‘Brk

Loyalty fu‘Bk @ oQknkjh fdlh ds çfr oQknkj jgus dk Hkko

Allocation caVokjk leLr jkf”k dks vko”;drkuqlkj fdlh ç;kstu gsrq fofu;r djuk

Allotment vkoaVu & foHkktu

fdlh pht dk dksbZ fgLlk fdlh [kkl jkT; dks nsuk

Apportion çHkktu vuqikr ds fglkc ls ckaV nsuk @ vuqHkktu djuk

Assignment lekuqns”k vkf/kdkfjd :i ls fu/kkZfjr djuk

Earmarking i`Fkd j{k.k fdlh fo”ks‘k vko”;drk dh iwfrZ ds fy, i`Fkd ls laHkkydj j[kuk

Amenable fouez og ftlesa tYnh ls nwljs dh ckr eku ysus dh vknr gks] c”krsZ fof/kekU; gks

Abide by ikyu djuk tks vius vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk nh xbZ vkKkvksa dk fu;eksa esa jgrs gq, ikyu djs

Adherence vuqlj.k og tks fujarj fu;eksa dk ikyu djs

Docile nCcw tks nwljksa dh ckr fcuk fdlh fojks/k ds eku ys

Compliance vuqikyu tks vkns”k fn, x, gSa mudk ikyu djuk

Obedience vkKkikyu ofj‘B vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vkKk ekuuk

Submissive fouez og ftlesa cM+s vf/kdkfj;ksa ds çfr leiZ.k Hkkouk gks

77

ek¡ bZ”oj dh lqanj jpuk]

ek¡ ls nqfu;k dk lq[kh lalkj gSA

ek¡ gS nqfu;k dh vueksy iw¡th]

blh ls rsjh iwtk] jkstk vkSj miokl gSA

ek¡ ds fcuk ;s thou dfBu cgqr gS]

ek¡ dk lk;k gh lcls cM+h fu;ker gSA

ek¡ tks gks xbZ ukjkt rq>ls]

;s lc ls cM+k vfHk”kki gSA

ek¡ dh vka[k ls tks fudys rsjs dkj.k vk¡lw]

rks eku Hkxoku Hkh rq>ls ukjkt gSA

xkSjo dqekj

¼,uvkslh vuqHkkx½

78

gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns’kky; esa fo’o fganh fnol lekjksg

vkt fganh dh igpku fo”o&Lrj ij fnuksa&fnu c<+ jgh gSA ,sls esa ns”k dh vkfFkZd lkekftd çxfr ds lkFk Hkk‘kk ds fganh :i ds egRo dks js[kkafdr fd;k tkuk vko”;d gSA blh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fo”o fganh lfpoky; us çfro‘kZ 10 tuojh dks fo”o fganh fnol ds :i esa vk;ksftr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA bl vk;kstu dh uhao 1975 esa vk;ksftr çFke fo”o fganh lEesyu] ekjh”kl esa j[kh xbZ FkhA blds i”pkr~ fons”k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds rRok/kku esa çR;sd pkj o‘kksaZ ds varjky ij ns”k&fons”k ds fofHkUu “kgjksa esa bldk vk;kstu fd;k x;k rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj us fganh dks la;qä jk‘Vª dh Hkk‘kk ds :i esa fganh dh ekU;rk ds

fy, vius ç;kl vkjaHk dj fn,A blh Øe esa vc ns”k ds vusd laLFkkuksa vkSj fons”kh nwrkoklksa esa fu;fer :i ls fo”o fganh fnol dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA

mijksä lanHkZ dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; esa 10 tuojh 2018 dks fo”o fganh fnol dk HkO; vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlesa çsj.kknk;h O;k[;ku ds fy, vksfM+;k Hkk‘kk dh tkuh&ekuh KkuihB lEeku çkIr ysf[kdk M‚- çfrHkk jk; vkSj fganh ds ofj‘B vkykspd] fpUrd rFkk la?k&yksd lsok vk;ksx ds iwoZ v/;{k çks- iq#‘kksÙke vxzoky dks vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA bl volj ij Mh-th-,p- ds egkfuns”kd Jh vruq pØorhZ ¼vkbZ-,-,l-½ us Hkh dkfeZdksa dks lacksf/kr fd;kA

dk;ZØe dk “kqHkkjaHk nhi çToyu ds lkFk gqvk rFkk mi egkfuns”kd Jh egsaæ çrki us “kky ,oa iqLrd nsdj vfrfFk;ksa dk Lokxr fd;kA gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; dh fganh dk;kZUo;u laca/kh o‘kZ 2017&18 dh

79

xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh Jh jktho dqekj flUgk] egkfuns”kd ds eq[; rduhdh vf/kdkjh ,oa çHkkjh jktHkk‘kk vf/kdkjh us çLrqr dhA

M‚- çfrHkk jk;] vksfM+;k Hkk‘kk dh ç[;kr lkfgR;dkj rFkk isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; dh fganh lykgdkj lfefr dh lnL;k us vius oäO; esa fganh Hkk‘kk ds egRo ij çdk”k Mkyk rFkk dgk fd gesa fganh esa ekSfyd :i ls dk;Z djuk pkfg,A gekjk vaxzsth ls dksbZ fojks/k ugha gS vkSj vko”;drk iM+us ij gesa vaxzsth “kCnksa dks Hkh Lohdkj dj ysuk pkfg,A mUgksaus vkxs dgk fd fganh ,d l{ke Hkk‘kk gS rFkk ;g vkilh okrkZyki dk l”kä ek/;e Hkh gSA blfy, vaxzsth dh ekufldrk ls Åij mBdj gesa laidZ Hkk‘kk ds :i esa fganh dk vf/kd ls vf/kd ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A

çks- iq#‘kksÙke vxzoky us fganh dks jk‘Vªh; Lrj ij fodflr vkSj iYyfor djus ds fy, gesa [kqys fnyks&fnekx ls lkspus ij cy nsrs gq, dgk fd fganh dks ladh.kZrk eqä rFkk O;kid gksuk pkfg,A blesa loZxzkgh Lo#i rks fo|eku gS fdUrq bls viuh tM+ksa dh igpku djus dh Hkh t#jr gSA bl lanHkZ esa mUgksaus dchj] tk;lh rFkk vehj [kqljks ds ;ksxnku dks ;kn fd;kA mUgksaus dgk fd Hkk‘kk ,d laosnu”khy fo‘k; gS vkSj bls vkxs c<+kus ds fy, gesa mnkj ,oa uez Lo#i viukuk gksxkA mUgksaus mijksä lanHkZ esa Hkkjr ds lafo/kku esa fufgr lkekfld laL—fr dh vfHkO;fä çnku djus okyh fganh Hkk‘kk dks Lohdkj djus dh lykg nhA

Jh vruq pØorhZ] egkfuns”kd us vius oäO; esa fo”o Lrj ij fganh ds c<+rs çHkko dks js[kkafdr fd;k rFkk dgk fd ns”k ds vkfFkZd&lkekftd fodkl ds lkFk varjjk‘Vªh; Lrj ij Hkkjr dh vkokt lquh tk jgh gSA gekjs ç/kkuea=h Jh ujsaæ eksnh th us varjjk‘Vªh; eapksa ls fganh esa oäO; nsdj fganh dk lEeku c<+k;k gSA gesa bldk vuqlj.k djuk pkfg, vkSj vius nSfud thou esa bldk ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A

blds i”pkr~ gkbMªksdkcZu egkfuns”kky; rFkk jktHkk‘kk laLFkku }kjk vk;ksftr çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa fot;h dkfeZdksa dks M‚- çfrHkk jk; vkSj çks- iq#‘kksÙke vxzoky ds dj&deyksa }kjk iqjLdkj çnku fd, x,A

dk;ZØe ds var esa mi egkfuns”kd] Jh egsaæ çrki us vkea=.k Lohdkj djus ds fy, nksuksa vfrfFk;ksa] egkfuns”kd] mifLFkr dkfeZdksa vkSj dk;ZØe ds vk;kstu esa lgk;rk@lg;ksx ds fy, vks-vkbZ-Mh-ch-] ekuo lalk/ku ,oa ç”kklu vuqHkkx dk /kU;okn Kkiu fd;kA

Jherh lksuy jk; o Jherh usgk cktis;h us dk;ZØe dk lapkyu lqO;ofLFkr] lqpk: vkSj vkd‘kZd :i ls fd;kA

M‚- enu jk;ijke’kZnkrk ¼jktHkk"kk½