2018考研英语写作基础ppt讲义 -...

新东方在线—英语（二）写作基础 PPT 讲义

2018考研英语写作基础PPT讲义

主讲人：王江涛

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考研英语（二）写作基础班

第一节考研写作话题词汇

微博：新东方王江涛

微信：jtwang2013

课程介绍

1、第一节：考研写作话题词汇

1）四大必考话题：社会热点、教育文化、环境保护、经济管理

2）写作核心词汇：

2、第二节：句子写作大法

1）句子写作大法

2）话题钻石句型

3、补充讲义：基础班 45 大钻石句型+20 大必背范文

一、社会热点类：

1、经典考题：

1）2001 年考研大纲样题：Directions:

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still

claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.

There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints. Write an essay to the newspaper

1) Criticizing their view and

2) Justify your stand.

In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You

should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET II.

2）2014 年英语（一）小作文：

Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how

to improve students’ physical condition.

You should include the details you think necessary.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address. (10 points)

3）2014 年英语（二）小作文：


Directions:

Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student,

write him an email to

1) tell him about your living habits, and

2) ask for advice about living there.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address. (10 points)

2、主题词汇：

生理健康：physical health

心理健康：mental/psychological health

进行体育锻炼：do physical exercises

保持乐观：keep optimistic

悲观的：pessimistic

均衡饮食：well-balanced diet

亚健康：sub-health

公共卫生：public health

心态：state of mind

垃圾食品：junk food

节食：go on a diet

减肥：lose weight

提供医疗服务：provide medical services

牺牲健康：sacrifice one’s health

全面禁烟：total tobacco ban

疾病：illness/disease

慢性病：chronic disease

传染病：infectious disease

（二）两代关系

1、经典考题：

1）2005 年真题：

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.


2）2014 年英语（一）真题：

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) interpret its intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

相携

2、核心词汇：

代沟：generation gap

弥合差距：bridge the gap

相互理解：mutual understanding

误解：misunderstanding

赡养父母：support one’s parents

照顾：take care of/look after

虐待：mistreat/maltreat

老龄化社会：aging society

人口老龄化：population aging

老年人：the aged/the elderly/senior citizens


奉行孝道：practice filial piety

（三）职业道德

1、经典考题：2014 年 6 月六级写作真题：投诉信

Directions:

设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，

因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：

1、事情的起因；

2、与书店交涉的经过；

3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量。

2、核心词汇

职业道德：professional ethics

伪劣产品：shoddy products/goods, counterfeit/inferior commodities

欺诈行为：fraudulent activity/behavior/conduct

诚信：honesty

学术腐败：academic corruption

剽窃/抄袭：plagiarism

食品安全：food safety

建筑质量：construction quality

地沟油：gutter oil

毒奶粉：poisonous milk powder

食品添加剂：food additive

不公平竞争：unfair competition

管理部门：the administration

监管机构：regulator

厂家：manufacturer

漠视法律：ignore the laws

推卸责任：shift blame onto others

消费者权益：consumers’ rights and interests

（四）爱心/社会公德：

1、经典考题：2013 年英语（二）小作文真题：倡议信

Directions:

Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates

an email to

1) inform them about the details, and

2) encourage them to participate .

2、核心词汇：

公德：public/social morals/morality

传统美德：traditional virtue

责任：duty/responsibility

责任感：sense of responsibility

承担责任：shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duty/responsibility

逃避责任：avoid/shirk one’s duty/responsibility


奉献：devote/dedicate/devotion/dedication

无私奉献：selfless devotion

信任危机：trust crisis

不道德行为：immoral behavior

希望工程：Project Hope

慈善机构：charity

捐款：donate/donation

贫困的乡村地区：poor rural areas

尊老爱幼：respect the old and love the young

随地吐痰：spit everywhere

大声喧哗：make noise/talk loudly

二、教育文化类

（一）教育：

1、经典考题：

1）2008 年 MBA 真题

Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make

comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER

SHEET.

以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重

新考大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有 390 名本科毕业

生，15 名硕士生。

写一篇约 150 词的作文对此现象进行评论和表达自己的意见。

2）2004 年 9 月 6 级真题

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading

Preferences. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the table and the

outline below:

（1）根据上表，简要描述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况

（2）你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论；

（3）你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由。

Reading preferences of students in an American university in 2002

3）2012 年 12 月四级真题

Directions

Categories of books Percentage of book circulation in the library

Popular Fiction 65.9%

General Nonfiction 18.2

Science/Technology/Education 10.8

Art/Literature/Poetry 5.1%


Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should

1)interpret the chart, and

2)give your comments

You should write about 150 words.

2、核心词汇：

1）学位：

学士学位：bachelor’s degree

硕士学位：master’s degree

博士学位：doctoral degree

获得学位：obtain/receive degree

2）学校

幼儿园：nursery/kindergarten

小学：primary/elementary school

中学：middle/high school

综合性大学：university

学院：college/institute/school

中等教育：secondary education

高等教育：higher education

大学生：college/university student

大学毕业生：college/university graduate

教授：professor

系：department

专业：major

教学设施：teaching facility

食堂：dining hall/canteen

宿舍（楼）：dormitory

图书馆：library

选修课：elective/optional course

必修课：compulsory course

学杂费：tuition fees and other expenses

3）教育

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Less than a high school…

High school diploma

Some college, no degree

Bachelor's degree

Master's degree

Doctoral degree

Education: A Worthy Investment ($)

$


终身教育：lifelong education

素质教育：essential-quality-oriented education

应试教育：exam-oriented education

义务教育：compulsory education

理论知识：theoretical knowledge

实践技能：practical skill

信息时代：information age

知识爆炸时代：era of knowledge explosion

逃课：skip class

学习成绩：academic performance

学习氛围：learning atmosphere

开阔眼界：broaden/expand one’s horizons

激发兴趣：stimulate one’s interest

开发潜能：tap one’s potential

学生减负：reduce study load

做兼职：work part-time

入学：start school

辍学：drop out of school

完成学业：finish school

4）招生就业

招生：recruitment

录取：enrollment

申请入学：apply for admission to/into

高考：college entrance examination

就业市场：job market

雇主：employer

雇员：employee

职业培训：vocational training

考研：take the National Entrance Test for M.A./M.S. Candidates

（二）流行文化：

1、经典考题：

1）2009 年 MBA 真题

Directions:

It is well-known that text message（手机短信）has both advantages and disadvantages.

Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to

write an essay on text messaging. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and

examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

2）2002 年 6 月四级真题

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student

Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the chart

and the outline below:


（1）下图所示为 1990 年、1995 年、2000 年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述

其变化；

（2）请说明这些变化的原因，（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展方面加以说明）；

（3）你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

2、核心词汇：

流行文化： popular culture

广告无处不在：pervasive advertisement

偶像崇拜：idol worship

上网成瘾：Internet addiction

虚拟生活：virtual life

网上交友：making friends online

网聊：online chat

网上购物：online shopping

网络监督：Internet supervision

网络暴力：online violence

实名制：real-name system

不负责言论：irresponsible remarks

彩票：lottery ticket

网络游戏：Internet game

数码产品：digital products

手机短信：text message

手机入网：mobile phone subscription

三、经济管理类：

（一）经典考题：

1、 2006 年 6 月六级真题

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Traveling Abroad.

You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and outline given below:

0

5

10

15

20

1990 1995 2000

Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week

Average number of hours astudent spends on thecomputer per week


2、 2003 年 6 月六级真题

Directions

Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should

1）interpret the chart, and

2）give your comments

You should write about 150 words.

中国某城市住房拥有权的变化

（二）核心词汇：

电信业：telecommunications industry

汽车产业：automobile industry

房地产业：real estate industry

发展中国家：developing country

发达国家：developed country

手机入网：mobile phone subscription

全球化：globalization

趋于饱和：tend to saturation

双刃剑：double-edged sword

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

1995 2000 2005

Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005

Number of people in City Xtraveling abroad in 1995,2000 and 2005

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1990 2000 2010

State-owned

private


市场份额：market share/portion

部分品牌：certain brands

国内市场：domestic market

科技进步：advancement/progress of science and technology

技术基础：technical foundation

物质基础：material basis

技术手段：technical means

价格促销：price promotion

促进销量：boost sales

欺诈行为：dishonest behavior

继续盈利：make continuous profits

提升形象：reinforce image

工作满意度：job satisfaction

某公司：a certain company

城镇人口：urban population/dweller

乡村人口：rural population

交通网络：transportation network

高度发达的：well-developed

交通系统：transportation system

春节假期：Spring Festival Vacation

住房所有权：ownership of houses

国有住房：state-owned houses

私有住房：private houses

家庭收入：family income

经济条件：economic condition

分期付款：hire purchase, installment plan

补贴：subsidy

贷款：loan

公司：company/corporation

市场经济：market economy

经济全球化：economic globalization

跨国公司：multinational

私营企业：private enterprise

员工：staff

工作压力：work/working pressure

提高福利待遇：improve one’s fringe benefits

吸引外资：attract foreign investment

法律保护：legal protection

深远的社会影响：profound social and economic impacts

改革开放政策：policy of reform and opening-up

社会保障制度：social security system

失业：unemployment

住房：housing

公用基础设施：public infrastructure


可持续的城市发展：sustainable urban development

城市化：urbanization

经济危机：financial crisis

经济不景气：recession/depression

失业：lose one’s job/be unemployed

失业加剧：job losses mount

失业人数：jobless number

找工作：seek employment

找工作者：job seeker

严峻的就业形势：tough job market

政府做某事的决心：the government’s determination to do sth.

适度宽松的货币政策：moderately loose monetary policy

厉行节约：practice economy

税款减免：tax relief

基础设施建设：infrastructure construction

扩大内需：boost domestic demand

就业指导：career guidance

经济刺激方案：stimulus package/plan

经济结构调整：economic restructuring

减员：downsize/cut staff

积极的财政政策：proactive fiscal policy

经济复苏：economic recovery

刺激消费：stimulate consumer spending

创造新的就业：generate new employment

削减成本：cost-cutting

安居工程：comfortable housing project

重建信心：confidence reconstruction

信心下滑：confidence slump

四、环境保护类：

（一）经典考题：2005 年 MBA 真题

Directions: In this section, you are required to write a composition. You should write more than

150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

“十一”长假已逐步为人们所习惯，她给百姓带来了充足的娱乐休闲机会，更促进

了旅游经济的发展。但是，“黄金周”也带来了诸如交通压力增大、环保等诸多问题。作为

一名普通百姓，请你给政府有关部门写一封信，提出你关于“黄金周”的意见和建议。

1、十一节实行了七天长假制度；

2、a.七天假期给社会和个人都带来了好处，

b.七天假期也暴露了一些问题；

3、政府应确保相关设施，如交通设施，适应假日活动的需要。

（二）2009 年小作文：建议信

Directions:

Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions.


“White Pollution”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to

1) give your opinions briefly, and

2) make two or three suggestions.

（二）核心词汇：

环境保护：environmental protection

提高环保意识：enhance the awareness of environmental protection

保持生态平衡：maintain ecological balance

生态系统：ecosystem

自然保护区：nature reserve

可持续发展战略：sustainable development strategy

宜人的生活环境：pleasant environment

节能：save energy

减排：reduce greenhouse gas emissions

降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource consumption

环保产品：environment-friendly product

全球变暖：global warming

低碳经济：low carbon economy

清洁可再生能源：clean and renewable energy sources

核能：nuclear energy 太阳能：solar energy

大功率电器：high-powered electrical appliance

二氧化碳：carbon dioxide

气候变化：climate change

环境恶化：environment deterioration

毁林：deforestation, clear-cutting

过度开采：overexploitation

水土流失：soil erosion

荒漠化：desertification

人口增长：population growth

野生动物保护：wildlife conservation

濒危物种：endangered species

商业捕鱼：commercial fishing

捕捞过渡：overfishing

自然灾害：natural disaster

破坏性地震：destructive earthquake

沙尘暴：sandstorm

旱灾：drought

水灾：flood

限期治理：bring under control within the prescribed time limit

白色污染：white pollution

限制使用一次性塑料袋：limit the use of disposable plastic bags

一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks

乱扔垃圾：litter

垃圾：trash/rubbish

丢弃：throw/discard


空气污染浓度：air pollutant concentrations

汽车尾气排放：motor vehicle emissions

尾气净化器：exhaust purifier

无铅汽油：lead-free/unleaded gasoline/petrol

电动汽车：electric car

天然气汽车：gas-fueled car

小排量汽车：low-emission car

工业粉尘排放：industrial dust discharge

烟尘排放：soot emissions

矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）：fossil fuel(coal, oil and natural gas)

考研英语（二）写作基础班

第二节句子写作大法

微博：新东方王江涛

微信：jtwang2013

一、五大句型：

（一）主谓：

没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。（职业道德）

By dishonest words no one can survive.

（二）主谓宾：

人们拥有生理或心理问题。（健康）

People suffer either physical or mental problems.

（三）主系表：

饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）

Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.

（四）主谓双宾：

韦小宝给了阿珂一本英文字典。

Wei Xiaobao gives Ake an English dictionary.

（五）主谓宾宾补：

金钱使人自私。

Money makes people selfish.

（二）长句写法：

1、并列句：

考研写作六大并列连词：

and, or, not only… but also…but, while, whereas

1）生产厂家保证生产高质量产品。（职业道德）

Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality.

商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。

Commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and

enthusiastic services.

生产厂家保证生产高质量产品；商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。


Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial

enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic

services.

2）旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力。（环境保护）

Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in.

旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染.

Tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is

polluted

另一方面，旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态

平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。

On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are

living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources

have been excessively used.

3）多元文化能得以保护。（文化融合）

Multi-cultures can be kept alive.

如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。

Multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so.

在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确

保社会将来的繁荣和发展都至关重要。

In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and

is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity.

4）有些学生可以负担学费。（教育）

Some students are able to support the tuition fees.

有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费。

Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate

studies or studying overseas.

有些学生自己或家里可以负担考研或出国的学费，而对有些人来说这些费用是一

项沉重的负担。

Some students or their families are able to support the tuition fees of postgraduate

studies or studying overseas, while for others it would be too much of a financial strain.

2、从句：小作文 3-5 个，大作文 5-7 个

1）定语从句：形容词从句

人+who, whom, whose

物+that, which

时间+when

In 2015 when I met JJ

地点+where

（1）温室是溺爱和物质条件的缩影。（两代关系）

The greenhouse epitomizes doting care and material supplies.

温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影。

The greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that

can shield the children from the storms.

温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，而风雨就是严峻的


现实。

The greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that

can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.

（2）这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果。（职业道德）

This misconduct results in severe consequences.

这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，这很可能会影响将来的机会。

This misconduct results in severe consequence that may very well impact future

opportunities and so on.

另外，这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的后果，如成绩上的惩罚、暂时停学、不良

违纪行为记录，这很可能会影响将来的机会。

In addition, this misconduct results in severe consequences, such as grade-related

penalties, suspension, or an adverse disciplinary record that may very well impact

future opportunities and so on.

（3）错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景。（教育）

Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career

prospects.

错误的决定会让你面临着失望的就业前景，或是到头来浪费了时间和金钱。

Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappointing career

prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.

（4）贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象。（流行文化）

Beckham represents the image of sport hero.

贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的外表以及球技正是球迷们追捧的。

Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose appearance football skills are

adored by all the sports fans.

贝克汉姆代表了体育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热

情追捧的。

Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and

unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans.

（5）几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。（流行文化）

Several teenage girls won their fame overnight.

2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。

Several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,

同样，2005 年中国举办的“超级女生”大赛中，几个十几岁的女孩一夜成名。围

绕着崇拜这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了全国性的争论。

Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest

in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring

these idols.

（6）中国的习俗和传统面临着消失的危险。（中西文化）

For China, there is a danger that customs and traditions may become lost.

另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的习俗和传统面临着消

失在现代化阴影里的危险。On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly

developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become

lost in the shadows of modernization.

（7）在贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。（定语从句）


There are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in

poverty-stricken areas.

然而根据最新统计，在农村的贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。

Yet according to recent statistics, there are over 2 million school-age children who have

dropped out of school in poverty-stricken areas of the countryside.

（8）人生就像跑步的过程一样。（人生哲理）

Life is like the process of running.

人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。

One should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.

毫无疑问，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断

努力，绝不停止进步。

Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running

in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.

（9）成群的游客涌入很多景点。（环境保护）

A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors.

成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。

A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by

creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.

从漫画中，我们可以得出结论，画家想要表达下述信息：成群的游客涌入很多景

点，制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾，影响了大自然的美观。

From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message:

a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by

creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.

2）状语从句：

（1）原因状语从句：because, in that, since, as, for

A. 人们选择慢跑作为锻炼。（健康）

People choose jogging as their exercises.

人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼

People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or

riding as their regular exercises.

人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼，这是因为

这些运动总是使我们更强壮和精力充沛。

People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or

riding as their regular exercises because these exercises never fail to make us stronger

and more energetic.

B. 我保持均衡饮食。（健康）

I keep a balanced diet.

我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前上床睡觉.

I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night.

我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前上床睡觉，因为我相信熬夜对身体有害。

I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 o’clock at night, because I believe

burning the midnight oil is harmful to health.


C. 饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）

Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.

大学生应该重视养成良好的习惯。

University students should put emphasis on good habits.

因为均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的，大学生应该充分重视

养成良好的习惯。

Since both a balanced diet and sufficient sleep are indispensable for physical fitness,

university students should put great emphasis on good habits.

D. 落后地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。（社会公德）

Poor children in backward areas are likely to become drop-outs.

由于无法承担学费，落后和不发达地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。

Poor children in backward and underdeveloped areas are likely to become drop-outs

because they cannot afford the tuition.

E. 中国不可能在教育方面投入巨资。（教育）

China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them.

此外，由于中国是一个发展中国家，不可能在教育方面投入巨资。

Moreover, China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid

them since it is a developing country.

F. 任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。（环境保护）

Tourism could not be banned in any country.

旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。

Tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy.

毫无疑问，由于在其他收入很少的地区，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何

国家都无法禁止旅游业。

Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up

the economy in places which offer few sources of income.

（2）条件状语从句：if, unless, once

A. 人们发现他们已经被惯坏了。（条件状语从句）

They are found too spoiled.

人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。

They are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.

一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并接受来自现实世界的挑战，人们发现他们已经被惯坏

了，在困难面前无法足够坚强。

Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the

real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.

B. 这种痴迷将浪费我们的金钱和时间。（流行文化）

The obsession will waste us time and money.

这种痴迷将必定浪费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。

The obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time and money, endangering the

efficiency of our work.

如果我们只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来崇拜他们，这种痴迷将必定浪

费我们大量的金钱和时间，影响我们的工作效率。

If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyle or pursuing fashions

unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of time and money,


endangering the efficiency of our work.

C. 我们就会过一种积极的生活。（流行文化）

We will lead a positive life.

如果我们努力提高自己，我们就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。

We will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves.

相反，如果我们靠弥补我们和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，我们就会过一种

积极和收获显著的生活。

On the contrary, we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve

ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us.

D. 他很难保持过去的荣誉。（人生哲理）

He can hardly maintain his past glory.

一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉。

Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory.

一旦一个人停止取得进步，他很难保持过去的荣誉，在这个竞争世界中生活下去。

Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and

survive in this competitive world.

E. 我们仍须为了成功而继续奋斗。（人生哲理）

We still have to strive for success.

我们仍须在我们未来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。

We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.

如果我们通过了考试，就面临着征服艰巨研究生课程的挑战。我们仍须在我们未

来的学业、职业和事业上为了成功而继续奋斗。

If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult

graduate courses, we still have to strive for success in our future academic study,

employment and career.

（3）让步状语从句：

although=though, no matter what=whatever

A. 全国人民尽他们所能捐献去帮助那些同胞们。（社会公德）

People all over the country donate whatever they can to help their fellow citizens.

全国人民毫不犹豫地尽他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受

难的同胞们。

People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it

money or goods——to help their needy fellow citizens.

尽管他们的收入按照国际标准衡量还是处于低水平，但是全国人民毫不犹豫地尽

他们所能捐献——不管是钱，还是物品——去帮助那些受难的同胞们。

Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the

country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can——be it money or goods——to

help their needy fellow citizens.

3）名词性从句：

（1）宾语从句：that

A. 没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。（职业道德）

By dishonest words no one can survive.

在市场经济体系的激烈竞争中，没人能通过欺诈的言语而生存下去。


By dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market

economy system.

但这只母鸡及其同类应该知道：在市场经济体系的激烈竞争中，没人能通过欺诈

的言语而生存下去。

But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the

intense competition under market economy system.

（2）同位语从句：that. 神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民。

People from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture.

一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。

A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally.

神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实，显示了在某种程度上，一种文化可以

被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。

The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese

culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected,

appreciated and shared internationally.

补充：同位语：

这朵鲜花和我们的年轻人联系起来。（两代关系）

The flower is associated with young people.

这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来。

The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people.

这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来，具体而言，就是我们当代社会的

独生子女。

The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only

children in our current society.

偶像崇拜其实是把双刃剑。（流行文化）

Idolatry is a double-edged sword.

偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，

Idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword.

因此，偶像崇拜这个发人深思的社会现象，其实是把双刃剑，可以深刻影响青年

人成长。

Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword

which can exert profound influence on the growth of young people.

（3）主语从句：that, how, what

唐静老师很英俊是众所周知的。

That JJ is smart is well-known.

张三丰如何习武很神奇。

How Zhang Sanfeng practices martial arts is mysterious.

（4）表语从句：that

他们没能理解的是尊老是中国文化的传统美德。

What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of


Chinese culture.

3、非谓语动词：

1）动名词：do+ing, 动词/名词，主语/宾语

（1）选择是在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。（教育）

The choice is among finding a job, pursuing postgraduate studies, going abroad or

starting one’s own business.

对于大多数学生而言，选择都在求职、考研、出国和创业之间徘徊。

For the vast majority of students, the choice is among finding a job, pursuing

postgraduate studies, going abroad or starting one’s own business.

（2）保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧。（人生哲理）

Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom.

保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧，因此是个人性格培养过程中的重要组成

部分。

Keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, and is a crucial aspect of any

individual’s development of character.

总之，保持乐观可以鼓励人们去学会获得智慧、博爱和自信，因此是个人性格和

能力的培养过程中不可缺少的重要组成部分。

In conclusion, keeping optimistic encourages people to learn wisdom, humanity and

self-confidence, and is a crucial and unavoidable aspect of any individual ’ s

development of character and competence.

2）不定式：to+动词原形

（1）我们需要保持乐观的心态。（人生哲理）

We need to maintain an optimistic mentality.

在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦。

In adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through life’s pain.

尤其在逆境中，我们需要保持一种乐观的心态来经历人生的痛苦悲伤、迂回曲折。

Especially in adversity, we need to maintain an optimistic mentality to pull through

life’s pain and sorrow, twists and turns.

（2）他们的目的是欺骗公众。（职业道德）

Their intention is to deceive the public.

他们目的是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。

Their intention is to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.

事实上，他们做这种承诺的目的只是披上华丽的外衣以便取悦并欺骗公众。

As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put

on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.

3、分词：现在分词/过去分词，do+ing/do+ed

1）学生应该考虑很多因素。（教育）

Students should consider a variety of factors.

在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素。

When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors.

在做决定的时候，学生应该考虑很多因素，包括个人偏好、经济状况及职业计划。

When making this decision, students should consider a variety of factors, including

their personal preferences, financial status and career plans.

2）竞争变得日益激烈。（人生哲理）


Competition goes increasingly fierce.

由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈。

Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks

of life.

由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励每个人追求一个又一

个的目标。

Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks

of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.

3）旅游业是经济发展的引擎。（环境保护）

Tourism serves as an engine of economic growth.

有些人似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。

Some people seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.

有些人认为旅游业是经济发展的引擎，似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。

Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic

growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment.

4、独立主格结构：

时间允许的话，明天我就去青城山。

Time permitting, I will go to Mount Qingcheng tommorrow.

（三）写信息量大的句子：

姓名：唐静，年龄：25，出生地：重庆，

大学：四川外国语大学，专业：英语，爱好：读书

Born in Chongqing, Tang Jing, a 25-year-old man who is an outstanding student from

Sichuan International Studies University majoring in English, loves reading.

英文句子结构：

介词短语，

不定式短语，

现在分词短语，

过去分词短语，

状语，主语+定语+谓语+宾语+定语+状语。

1）我们可以在公交车上把座位让给老年人。（社会公德）

We may give up our seats on the bus to the elderly.

我们可以父母退休之后邀请他们和我们同住。

We may invite our parents to live with us while they retire.

例如，我们可以在公交车上把座位让给老年人，父母退休之后邀请他们和我们同

住，并且聆听他们有关生活和工作的建议。

It can be exemplified by giving up our seats on the bus to the elderly, by inviting our

parents to live with us while they retire, and listening to their advice about life and

work.

2）管理部门保证履行职责。（职业道德）

Administration departments assure to perform their tasks.

管理部门保证公正有效地履行指责。

Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly


管理部门保证不接受任何贿赂，公正有效地履行指责。

Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly

without taking any bribes.

3）大学生有可能做出最优的选择。（教育）

Students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice.

大学生综合考虑个人偏好、经济状况及职业目标，就更有可能做出最优的选择。

With due consideration of personal preferences, financial status and career goals,

students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice.

4）文化融合应鼓励和保持。（中西文化）

Cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained.

画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合应鼓励和保持。

The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us cultural blending should be encouraged

and maintained.

画家的目的是告诉我们文化融合并未过时或失去价值，相反还应鼓励和保持。

The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little

value in a rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and

maintained.

5）人们拥有生理或心理问题。（健康）

People suffer either physical or mental problems.

越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理问题。

People in mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems.

随着都市生活节奏的加快和压力的不断增加，越来越多的人开始拥有生理或心理

问题。

With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing pressure, people in

mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mental problems.

（四）考研写作四大优秀句型：

1、强调句：

只有长期学习才有助于我们掌握大的词汇量。

It is persistent work that is conducive to grasping a considerable vocabulary.

2、倒装句：

1）年轻人能够培养个性和能力。（人生哲理）

Young people can cultivate personality and ability.

只有经历更多的挑战和磨练，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力。

Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate

strong personality and ability.

只有经历更多的挑战和磨练，年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力，而且只有这样

他们才能成为这个竞争世界的强者。

Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate

strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this

competitive world.

2）我们必须重视建立一个公共教育体系。（社会公德）

We must lay emphasis on the significance of establishing a public education system.


更重要的是，只有更加重视建立一个有更多资助的公共教育体系，我们才能确保

实现中国所有孩子们的希望。

More importantly, only by laying greater emphasis on the significance of establishing

a better funded public education system can we guarantee the realization of the hopes

of all the children in China.

3、虚拟语气：

早就该提高人们的意识了。（环境保护）

It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness.

我们早就该提高人们的意识来改进这个现状了。

It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify this.

通过考虑环境保护因素，我们早就该提高人们的意识来改进这个现状了。

It is high time that we enhanced people's awareness to rectify this by taking the

environmental protection into consideration.

4、平行排比：文化融合的将来会更明朗。（中西文化）

The future of cultural blending looks brighter.

由于商业努力、政府支持和海外兴趣，文化融合的将来会更明朗。

As a consequence of commercialization efforts, government support and interests

overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter

由于成功的商业努力、政府坚定不移的支持和不断增长的海外兴趣，文化融合的

将来会比过去任何时候更明朗、更安全。

As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government

support and growing interests overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter

and more secure than ever before.

（五）扩充简单句：我们在唱歌。

We, students from New Oriental School, the best training school in Beijing, which is

the capital of China, the great country in the world, are singing a pop song named

Nideyangzi sung by Luo Dayou, who is the favorite singer of Wang Jiangtao, after we

played Majiang the whole night. (50 words)

2018考研英语写作基础ppt讲义 -...

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