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AndrewWalder) 80

1966

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1966 8 26

1

2

3

[12]

[13]

162

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20,000 9,000

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3,000 4,000 1949 80

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13 174

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66 10 36 468 1,590 2,778

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101 132

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[17]

10

[1]

1997 1068 [2] 1967 8 8

[3] 19491976

1997 3132 [4] [5]

1980 10 16

[6] 20

[7] 2000 12 [8][9] 1966 9 10

[10]

1967 3 9 [11]AndrewWalderandYangSu,"TheCulturalRevolution

intheCountryside:Scope,Timing,andHumanImpact."WorkingPapersSeries.

InstituteforInternationalStudies,StanfordUniversity, 2001.

166

[12] [1][13]

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(20 04 7 23 )

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1949-19762003 1499

[3] 1996 209

[4] [1] 269 [5]

2003 2

180

[6]

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1988 211 467 [9] [6] 467-468 [10] 469-470 [11]

1997

17 [12] 1999 198

[13] [2] 15951594 [14] [1] 291 [15]

[1] 364 [16] [1] 286 [17] [6] 131-133

[18] 1993 211-212 [19]

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224 70

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275 [24] [2] 1594 [25] [2] 1594-1598 [26]

[6] 299-305 [27]

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1981 288

181

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1991 299-300 [32]

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1969 5 7

[35] [1] 279 [36] 13 246-247

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[38] [36] 137-139 [39] [36] 143-146 [40]

[11] 77 [41] 415 [42]

1999 2 [43] [36] 208-209

[44] 1999

213 [45] [42][46] [18] 242-243 [47]

[2] 1594-1598 [48] [2] 15951596 [49] [2]

1596-1597 [50]2001

632 [51] [1] 345347 [52] [1] 343344

182

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[4]

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[61]

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1967 32 [2] 39

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20 [4]1989 208 [5]

1972 1973

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20 [7] 16 [8] 212 [9]

1991 77 [10] 26 27

[11]

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1984 [15] 212

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197

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223 [24]

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[28]1927

1953 1957

[29]

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1937 1949

[30]1939

1950

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[38] 480 [39]

1989 3 19 [40]

430 [41] 478

[42]M

1999 4 21 [43] 59

1967 8 8 [44] 218 219 [45]

228 [46] 1995 5

[47] 213

[48] [11][49]

[42][50] 1967 9 17

[51] [42] 22 [52] 1999

4 23

30

[53]

182 [54] 1991

312 313 [55] 224 [56] 1970

11 27

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1970 12 3 19491976 417

199

[58] 583 [59] [42] 24

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[1]

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[4]

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12

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[18]

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[1]

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theideologicalstate

apparatuses[6]

1949

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[7] 1956 1957

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[9]

[10]

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[11]

[12]

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[13]

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[14]

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[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

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213

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

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[24]

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1961

1927

[25]

[26]

215

[27]

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.....

......[28]

[29]

216

[30]

[31]

[32]

1957

[33]

[1]

350 1992 [2] 629 1974 [3]

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1993 [4]1976

[5] 1999 5

61 20

1995 2 37

// 1990 3 34

[6] 1987

4 105 [7] 58 3

217

245

1989 [8]

[9] [6] 246 [10]

308 [11] 310 [12]

1974 [13] 537

[14] 10 [15]

338

1976 [16] 69 [17]

372 [18]

459 [19]

460 [20] 18 2000 [21]

35 1997 [22] [6] 38

[23] [24] 1949

247 1995 [25]

1949-1976 97 98 1995

[26] 1996

[27] 160 1986

[28] 417429 1982 [29]

[3] 93 [30] [31]1987 3 105

218

~~~~~~~~~~~~

[32] [3][33]

[3] 3

219

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6

1969

[1]

1. 1979

6

1982 5

220

1984 1984135

1988

1989

[2] 1989 1990

2.

5 [3]

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1986

221

[4]

6

13

13

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1. } 1958

70

1984 1986

1992

70 1992

222

1982

150

1984

75-16-6

2.

1986

14

19121991

19151991

[5]

70 80

1986 1988 1988

11 9

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[6]

223

[7]

[8]

3. 14

1989 5

8 412 403

9 1989

1991

[9]

1988 19851986

224

180

8-1010

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1990 7 6

.....

.....

[10]

1. 1990 8

21

1990 12 11

225

10 10

[11]

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1991 8 3

3

1991

2.

1992 8 31

226

1. 1992 8 31

[12]

1992 2 5

1991 9 1991 4

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1991 10

10

1992 8

31 1992 1 21

24

55

88

227

1,768 840

4 5

165

2. 1992 2 1

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2 17 3

1992 3 16

228

55

1991

1991

1992 4 3

3.

1992 1 17 97

1 21

2 17

13

229

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4.

5

1990

1992 8,831

58 22 201993

10 9

[13]

20

[1]

1991 70 [2]

1992 12 14 [3]

1993 8 [4] [2] 45 [5] 1951

[6]

131 143

1991

230

[7]

268 273 1987

[8][9]

1991 1992

6 17 18 [10]

1990 7 6 [11]

1990 [12] 1.

1991 9

9

1991 1992

2 5 1992 2

2.

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3.

[13]

1998 8 14 1982 12 4

5 1979 9

13 10

1989 12 26 11

1989 12 26 22

1981 5 1984

1986

1988

1989

1990

231

50

1949

50

1949

1950

1951 1958

21 2 88

1958

1958

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232

3

60

70 1973 500

1974 300 1974 5

1975

233

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50

8

20

14

8

50

234

20

20

70

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4

271.5

76.8

90

17

50

235

10

48 1981 1990

1995

1998

10

1991

60 70

1954 1954 1954

1991 1954

1954

1995

1996 1,300 10

48

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50

50

236

7080

40

5

10

1990 10 1995

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1998 1998

237

50

238

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

35 1968 12 22

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[1]

10

12.11

12.11

[2]

10

35

2030

239

`~~~~~~~~~~~

1968 12 22

10

35

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60 20

240

~~~~~~~~~~~~

[3]

12.11

[4]

5 [5]

1968 7 28 5 5

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[6]5

241

1981 10

25 [7]

50

10

[8]

12.11

3

3

3

242

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1949

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1959 1961 3

60

3

3

3

243

~~~~~~~~~~~~

80

10

[9]

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[10]

......

1,600 10

[11]

20 20

1968

1969 1970

10 3

50

244

~~~~~~~~~~

12 3

6

39 1972 17 [12]

[13]

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[1] 1968 12 23

[2] 20

1995 929 [3]

[4]

http://archives.cnd.org/HXWK/column/History/cm9301d-3.gb.html[5]

http://hi.people.com.cn/news/2003/10/29/93928.html[6] [7]

1997 283 284

[8]

245

http://www.dzwww.com/jingjidaobao/renwenchoukan/200309240589.htm[9]