The 20th Century

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E N G L I S H L I T E R A T U R E

Contents

History of the early 20th cen-

tury

The 20th century art

Modernism

William Butler Yeats

T. S. Eliot

Virginia Woolf

James Joyce

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

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History of the early 20th centuryRadical Advancement of Sci-ence and Technology.

Development of Technology The first powered airplane was invented by Wright brothers

The first practical telephone, patented by Alexander Graham Bell 

Commercial radio broadcasting began in the 1920s, which became an important mass medium for entertainment and news.

The Television was made practical by John Logie Baird

Expansion of KnowledgeInterpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud was published by 1900The effect of the theory of evolution developed by Darwin

As a Result, Creation a confusion in values of ethics and morals.

Historical Facts

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History of the early 20th century

1.1901-1910 

The reign of the king Edward VII

The era was prosperous. However, there are growing forces of discontent and resentment.

A lot of crisis with serious social and political instability arising from the Irish crisis, labor unrest, the women’s suffrage.

The Edwardian era existed in a twilight zone. At that time, the balance of power in so many areas was shifting in Europe.

Historical Facts

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History of the early 20th century

2. 1910

The succession of George V to the throne

Established the modern pattern ofexemplary conduct for British royalty.

He tried to continue the popularity of the monarchy

Old traditions were being challenged everywhere.

The greatest industrial unrest in Britain’s history (1911)

Historical Facts

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History of the early 20th century3. 1914-1918 

World War I28 July 1914-11 November 1918

By the end of the war, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire had ceased to exist.

The war had been won by Britain and its allies, but at a terrible human and financial cost, creating a sentiment that wars should never be fought again.

Historical Facts

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History of the early 20th century

4. 1921 

Independence of southern Ireland From Britain Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921 established the Irish Free State.

5. 1928Women’s Suffrage: Women over the age of 21 are given the vote

6. 1929

The Great Depression originated in the United States in late 1929

Historical Facts

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History of the early 20th century

7. 1939-1945 World War IICauses - Unresolved task in World War 1- Great Depression- Tension among nations

Aftermath - United Nations- European Market- European economy had collapsed- Marshall Plan

Impact - Casualties and war crimes - Concentration camps, slave labour, and genocide - Home fronts and production - Advances in technology and warfare

Historical Facts

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The 20th century artMainFeatures

20century's had huge changes in the modes and

meanings of artistic production.

The break with academic values re-evaluated aesthetics, technique, color, media and so on.

The Secession movement, Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism, and so on.

The 20th century was the stage for some of the

greatest modern artists in history.

1

2.3.4.

Fauvism

Cubism

P&F

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The 20th century artMainFeatures?

Fauvism

     

Fauvism: derived from the French word “wild beast”. Primitivism move-ment centered in Paris in the 20th century.

Well-known Fauvist artist: Henri Matisse and Andre Derain.

Cubism

P&F

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The 20th century artMainFeatures

Fauvism

     

Cubism

Well-known artist: Pablo Picasso. He is a spanish artist. He picked up the gauntlet of Cubism.

Famous work: "Demoiselles d'Avigon (1907)“

Primitivistically documented in-terest in African masks.

P&F

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The 20th century artMainFeatures

Fauvism

     

Cubism

Futurism

Futurism

Futurism: An Italian movement in the 1920s based on a fascination with movement, technology, and machinery.

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ModernismWhat is modernism?

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Among the factors that shaped Modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by the horror of World War I

What Is Modernism?

Features

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Modernism

Period: 20th century - 1965.

Feature1: Break down with traditionsThe stability and tranquility of Victorian civilization were rapidly becom-ing a thing of the past.Feature2: The beginnings of a new paradigm

between first the sexes, and later between different cultural groups

Feature 3: The beginning of the distinction be-tween

high art and low art. The sophisticated intellectuals looked

upon the new popular literature with scorn.

What Is Modernism?

Feature 4: The preoccupation with the inner self and consciousness The modernist intellectuals sees decay and growing alienation of the individual.

Features

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William Butler YeatsWho Is He? Biography

Name: William Butler Yeats

DOB: 13, June, 1865 – 28, January, 1939

Achievement: An Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Litera-ture as the first Irishman

Feature: Born in Sandymount, Ire-land and educated there and in London; His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889

Style

Literature

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William Butler YeatsWho Is He? The master of the traditional

forms

Used allusive imagery and sym-bolic structures. Yeats chose words and assembled them to suggest other abstract thoughts that may seem more significant and resonant

His later poetry and plays are written in a more personal vein

Interest in mysticism, spiritual-ism, occultism and astrology

1.2.

3.

His use of sym-bols is usually meant some-thing physical.

4.

Style

Literature

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William Butler YeatsWho Is He?

Style

Literature

Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop

The poem is in three stanzas with six lines

It expresses his own renewed passion of life and for love

Crazy Jane’s philosophy is Yeats’s own phi-losophy

That body and soul are God’s cre-ation, hence, the two are equally holy.

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T. S. Eliot

Biography

Name: Thomas Stearns Eliot

DOB: 26, September, 1888 – 4, January, 1965

Job: Essayist, publisher, play-wright, literary and social critic

Achievements: A Nobel Prize Win-ner. One of the twentieth cen-tury's MAJOR POETS

Who Is He?

Childhood

Life

Literature

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T. S. Eliot"It is self-evident that St. Louis af-fected me more deeply than any other environment has ever done...I con-sider myself fortunate to have been born here rather than in Boston or New York or London."

Who Is He?

Childhood

Life

Literature

1.

Affected by the city, London. 

He was inspired by Dante’s philasophy

Helped by Ezra Pound

He was infatuated with literature due to his bad health

2.3.4.

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T. S. EliotWho Is He?

Childhood

Life

Literature

1915

Vivien

1938Mary

Travelyan

1957Esme Va-

lerie Fletcher

1960’s

worked as an editor for the

Wesleyan University

Press.

Died on the 9, November 2012

1965, 4, January

Cremated at Golders Green Crematorium. In accordance with his wishes, his ashes were taken to St. Michael's Church in East Coker,

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T. S. EliotWho Is He?

Childhood

Life

Literature

The Hollow Men (1925)

Has complex themes.

Divided into five parts, consists of 98 lines

The last 4 lines are the most quoted lines among any 20th-century poems

Allusions to Conrad’s character and Guy Fawkes

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Virginia WoolfWho Is She?

Biography

Name: Adeline Virginia Woolf

DOB: 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941

Achievement: An English writer and one of the foremost mod-ernists of the twentieth century

Feature: Shows strong feminism and She experimented with stream of consciousness

Childhood

Literature

Key-word

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Virginia WoolfWho Is She?

Childhood

1882

1895

Death of mother

1897

Studied history

and Greek at King’s College London

1904

Death of Father,

committed suicide

1912

Married to Leonard

WoolfLiterature

1894

Raped by step brother bipolar disorderKey-

word

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Virginia WoolfWho Is She?

Childhood

Literature

Key-word

• Mrs Dalloway (1925)

• To the Lighthouse (1927)

• Orlando (1928)

• A Room of One's Own (1929)

• The Mark on the Wall (1921)

• Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Brown

(1923)

• Modern Fiction (1919)

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Virginia WoolfWho Is She?

Childhood

Literature

Published on 24 October 1929

Based on a series of lectures

The conception of 'a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fic-tion‘

Constructs a critical and histor-ical account of women writers thus far

Key-word

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Virginia WoolfWho Is She?

Childhood

Litera-ture

- The Bloomsbury Group

- Stream of ConsciousnessKey-word

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James JoyceWho Is He? Biography

Name: James Augustine Aloysius Joyce

DOB: 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941

Achievement: An Irish novelist and poet. One of the most influen-tial writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th cen-tury

Feature: Shows the real life of people in Dublin and Criticism against Catholic

Childhood

Literature

Keyword

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James JoyceWho Is He?

Childhood

1904

Met his fi-ance

Nora Bar-nacle

1882

1898

Enrolled University

CollegeDublin

Left for Paris,

Death of his Mother

1902

Moved toSwitzer

Land

1915

1931

Got mar-ried

1972Literature

Keyword

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James JoyceWho Is He?

Childhood

Literature

Keyword

• Chamber Music (1907)

• Dubliners (1914)

• Exile (1915)

• A Portrait of the

Artist as a Young Man (1916)

• Ulysses (1922)

• Finnegans Wake (1939)

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James JoyceWho Is He?

Childhood

Literature

Keyword

Collection of 15 short stories

Form a naturalistic depiction of Irish

middle class life in and around Dublin

Many of the characters in Dubliners

later appear in minor roles in Joyce's

novel Ulysses

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James JoyceWho Is He?

Childhood

Literature

Keyword

- Stream of Consciousness

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Refer-ences

1. Wikipedia

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