214 B TH HN T

I. 214 B TH TING HOA:

B th l mt yu t quan trng ca Hn t, gip vic tra cu Hn t tng i d dng v nhiu ch c gom thnh nhm c chung mt b th. T i Hn, Ha Thn phn loi ch Hn thnh 540 nhm hay cn gi l 540 b. Th d, nhng ch, , u lin quan ti ngn ng, li ni, m lun v.v... nn c xp chung vo mt b, ly b phn(ngn) lm b th (cng gi l thin bng). n i Minh, Mai ng T xp gn li cn 214 b th v c dng lm tiu chun cho n nay. Phn ln cc b th ca 214 b u l ch tng hnh v hu nh dng lm b phn ch ngha trong cc ch theo cu to hnh thanh (hay hi thanh). Mi ch hnh thanh gm b phn ch ngha (hay ngha ph) v b phn ch m (hay m ph). a s Hn t l ch hnh thanh, nn tinh thng b th l mt iu kin thun li tm hiu hnh-m-ngha ca Hn t.

Ch ting Hoa mi nhn vo, cm thy rt phc tp, kh vit, v khng bit bt u vit t u. Nhng tht ra cng rt n gin, nu nh chng ta nm bt c cc quy tc ca n, gm:

1. Ngang trc s sau2. Phy trc mc sau3. Trn trc di sau4. Tri trc phi sau5. Ngoi trc trong sau6. Ngoi trc, trong, ng khung sau7. Gia trc hai bn sauTing Hoa c tt c l 214 b th c bn. C b th biu t c ngha, nhng c b khng t mnh biu t ngha. Cho nn, ngi hc vit ch Hoa, tm thi ng n vic c c ci b , m dng tn Hn Vit ghi nh n l mt b th (khng nh tn n cng khng sao, nhng phi nh n l mt b th, ri chng ta s gp li n trong bi hc, lc , chng ta s c v thy c ngha ca n ). Mt khi nm bt c tt c cc b th , th vic vit ch Hoa s tr thnh chuyn nh, cn c th dng nhng b th tra t in na.

V d:

Ch xing gm c 3 b ghp li : b Mc, b Mc v b Tm (b Mc bn tri vit trc, sau ti b Mc bn phi, cui cng l b Tm di.)

Ch chun gm c 3 b ghp li : b Chu, b Nhi v b Khu (b Chu bn tri vit trc, b Nhi bn phi nm trn vit sau, cui cng l b khu di)

Cc b th ting Trung:Trung Quc c n hng ngn ch nhng c phn loi thnh 214 b ch, mi b ch c i din bng mt thnh phn cu to chung gi l b th. Da theo s nt, cc b th bao gm:

STTBTN BPHIN M NGHA

1.NhtyiS Mt

2.CnknNt S

3.Chzhim, Chm

4.PhitpiNt S Xin Qua Tri

5.tyV Tr Th 2 Trong Thin Can

6.QuytjuNt S C Mc

7.NhrS Hai

8.utu(Khng C Ngha)

9. ()Nhn(nhn ng)rnNgi

10.NhirTr Con

11.NhprVo

12.BtbS Tm

13.QuynhjingVng Bin Gii Xa; Hoang a

14.MchmTrm Khn Ln

15.BngbngNc

16.KjGh Da

17.KhmknH Ming

18.()aodoCon Dao, Cy ao (V Kh)

19.LclSc Mnh

20.BaobBao Bc

21.ChubCi Tha (Ci Mung)

22.PhngfngT ng

23.HxChe y, Giu Gim

24.ThpshS Mi

25.BcbXem Bi

26. Titjit Tre

27.HnhnSn Ni, Vch

28.Kh, tsRing T

29.HuyuLi Na, Mt Ln Na

30.KhukuCi Ming

31.ViwiVy Quanh

32.Thtt

33.SshK S

34.Trzhn Pha Sau

35.Tuysii Chm

36.Tchxm Ti

37.idTo Ln

38.NnN Gii, Con Gi, n B

39.TzCon Trai; tnx Ngi Th 2

40.MinminMi Nh, Mi Che

41.Thncnn V Tc (o Chiu Di)

42.TiuxioNh B

43.UngwngYu ui

44.ThishXc Cht, Thy Ma

45.TritchMm Non, C Non Mi Mc

46.SnshnNi Non

47.XuynchunSng Ngi

48.CnggngNgi Th, Cng Vic

49.KjBn Thn Mnh

50.CnjnCi Khn

51.CangnThin Can, Can D

52.YuyoNh Nhn

53.NghimnMi Nh

54.DnynBc Di

55.CnggngChp Tay

56.DcyBn, Chim Ly

57.CunggngCi Cung ( Bn Tn)

58.Kju Con Nhm

59.SamshnLng, Tc Di

60.XchchBc Chn Tri

61.()Tm( Tm ng)xnQu Tim, Tm Tr, Tm Lng

62.QuagCy Qua (Mt Th Binh Kh Di)

63.HhCa Mt Cnh

64.()Th(Ti Gy)shuTay

65.ChizhCnh Nhnh

66.()Phcp

67.Bn VnwnVn V, Vn Chng, V Sng

68.uduCi u ong

69.CnjnCi Ba, Ru

70.PhngfngVung

71.VwKhng

72.NhtrNgy, Mt Tri

73.VityuNi Rng

74.NguytyuThng, Mt Trng

75.McmG, Cy Ci

76.KhimqinKhim Khuyt, Thiu Vng

77.ChzhDng Li

78.idiXu Xa, T Hi

79.ThshBinh Kh Di, Ci Gy

80.VwCh, ng

81.TbSo Snh

82.MaomoLng

83.ThshH

84.KhqHi Nc

85.()ThushiNc

86. ()HahuLa

87.TrozhoMng Vut Cm Th

88.PhfCha

89.HoyoHo m, Ho Dng (Kinh Dch)

90.()TngqingMnh G, Ci Ging

91.PhinpinMnh, Tm, Ming

92.NhayRng

93. ()NgunuTru

94. ()KhuynqunCon Ch

95.HuynxunMu en Huyn, Huyn B

96.Ngcy Qu, Ngc

97.QuaguQu Da

98.NgawNgi

99.CamgnNgt

100.SinhshngSinh , Sinh Sng

101.DngyngDng

102.intin

103. ()Thtpn V o Chiu Di, Tm (Vi)

104.NchnBnh Tt

105.BtbGt Ngc Li, Tr Li

106.BchbiMu Trng

107.BpDa

108.MnhmnBt Da

109.McmMt

110.MumoCy Gio m

111.ThshCy Tn, Mi Tn

112.Thchsh

113.()Th (K)shCh Th; Thn t

114.NhuruVt Chn, Lt Chn

115.HahLa

116.HuytxuHang L

117.Lplng, Thnh Lp

118.TrczhTre Trc

119.MmGo

120. (-)MchmSi T Nh

121.Phufu Snh

122. (- )VngwngCi Li

123.DngyngCon D

124.()VyLng V

125.LoloGi

126.NhirM, V

127.LiliCi Cy

128.NhrTai (L Tai)

129.DutyCy Bt

130.NhcruTht

131.ThnchnBy Ti

132.TzT Bn Thn, K T

133.Chzhn

134.CujiCi Ci Gi Go

135.ThitshCi Li

136.SuynchunSai Suyn, Sai Lm

137.ChuzhuCi Thuyn

138.CngnQu Cn (Kinh Dch); Dng, Bn Cng

139.ScsMu, Dng V, N Sc

140.()ThocoC

141.HHVn Vn Ca Con H

142.TrngchngSu B

143.HuytxuMu

144.Hnhxngi, Thi Hnh, Lm c

145.()Yyo

146.yChe y, p Ln

147. ()KinjinTrng Thy

148.GicjuGc, Sng Th

149.()NgnynNi

150.CcgKhe Nc Chy Gia Hai Ni

151.uduHt u, Cy u

152.ThshCon Heo, Con Ln

153.TrizhLoi Su Khng Chn

154.()BibiVt Bu

155.XchchMu

156.Tuzui, Chy

157.TczChn, y

158.ThnshnThn Th, Thn Mnh

159.()XachChic Xe

160.TnxnCay, Vt V

161.ThnchnNht, Nguyt, Tinh; Thn (12 Chi); Chi Th 5 a Chi

162. ()Quai XcchuCht Bc i Cht Dng Li

163.()pyVng t, t Phong Cho Quan

164.DuyuMt Trong 12 a Chi

165.BinbinPhn Bit

166.LlDm; Lng Xm

167KimjnKim Loi; Vng

168. (-)TrngchngDi; Ln (Trng)

169.()MnmnCa Hai Cnh

170.()Phfng t, G t

171.idiKp, Kp n

172.Truy, ChuyzhuChim ui Ngn

173.VyMa

174.()ThanhqngMu Xanh

175.PhifiKhng

176.()DinminMt, B Mt

177.CchgDa Th; Thay i, Ci Cch

178.()ViwiDa Thuc Ri

179.Ph, CujiRau Ph (H)

180.mynm Thanh, Ting

181.()Hityu; Trang Giy

182.(-)PhongfngGi

183.()PhifiBay

184. (-)Thcshn

185.Thshu

186.HngxingMi Hng, Hng Thm

187. ()MmCon Nga

188.CtgXng

189.CaogoCao

190.Bu, TiubioTc Di; Sam (Shn)=C Ph Mi Nh

191.uduChng Nhau, Chin u

192.SngchngRu Np; Bao ng Cy Cung

193.Cchg, lG = Tn Mt Con Sng Xa; L = Ci nh

194.QugiCon Qu

195. ()NgyCon C

196.()iunioCon Chim

197.Llt Mn

198.LclCon Hu

199.()MchmLa Mch

200.MamCy Gai

201.HonghungMu Vng

202.ThshLa Np

203.HchiMu en

204.ChzhMay o, Khu V

205.MnhmnCon ch; C Gng (Mnh Min)

206.nhdngCi nh

207.CgCi Trng

208.ThshCon Chut

209.TbCi Mi

210. (-)TqNgang Bng, Cng Nhau

211. (-)XchRng

212.()LonglngCon Rng

213.(-)QuyguCon Ra

214.DcyuSo 3 L

II. CCH NH 214 B TH D DNG:1. 10 cu u gm 32 b:--

Mc-cy, Thu-nc, Kim-vng---Ho-la, Th-t, Nguyt-trng, Nht-tri--

Xuyn-sng, Sn-ni, Ph-i(1)---T-con, Ph-b, Nhn-ngi, S-quan(2)-

Min-mi nh, Hn-sn non(3)---Nghim-hin, H-ca, cng-Mn, L-lng-

Cc-thung lng, Huyt-ci hang---Tch-khuya, Thn-sm(4), d-Dng, H-hm-

Ngo-ngi t, Phu-snh nung---rung-in, thn-p(5), qu-Ung, Lo-gi

Ghi ch:

Nhng ch vit hoa l m Hn vit, nhng ch vit thng l ngha. Vd: Mc-cy, tc l ch Mc ngha l cy ci (thc ra mc = g).a) 2 cu u ni tht diu (mt trng, mt tri v 5 ngi sao trong h mt tri Kim, mc, thu, ho, th) - tc l ni v Thin.

b) 2 cu tip theo ni v a v Nhn (cc th trn mt t, v cc dng ngi).c) 2 cu tip na l nhng khi nim do con ngi to ra, s dng, c tr.

d) 2 cu tip na ni v thi hng hoang, trong hang ni, bt u c khi nim v bui sng, bui ti, cng nh thin ch (h) v thc n (d). Ngi TQ c i nui d rt sm (thc ra Dng = cu).

e) 2 cu cui ni v thi k tm ra la, bit nung ngi, nung gm s. Lm rung, i sng con ngi tt hn, nng cao tui th, nn c ch Lo = ngi gi.

(1) Ph ngha gc l qu i t, thng dng trong cc ch Hn ch a danh.(2) S l ngi c hc, y v bt vn, nn ti cho S = quan li. V ch c ngi c hc mi c th lm quan.

(3) Hn ngha gc l ch sn ni (non) rng ri, dng lm ni sn xut, v vy m ngi ta mi ly n lm ch Chang3 (cng xng).(4) Ch Thn ngha l Thn (1 trong 12 con gip), cng c ngha l ngy gi (Vd: ct nht lng thn = ngy lnh gi tt). C vn dng ging nh chl bui sm, y v bt vn, ti cho Thn = bui sm.

(5) Ch p ngha l t vua ban, nhng ngi VN min nam thng dng ch p vi ngha l 1 khu vc, 1 thn lng, v vy ti cho thn = p.2. Cu 11 20 gm 31 b:-

Dn-i gn, Sc-i xa (1)--

Bao-m, B-snh, Cng-l chp tay(2)--

iu-chim, Tro-vut, Phi-bay---Tc-chn, Din-mt, Th-tay, Hit-u(3)-

Ti u l tc, Nhi l ru(4)---Nha-nanh, Khuyn-ch, Ngu-tru, Gic-sng-

Dc-cc tru, K-dy thng(5)---Qua-da, Cu-h, Ma-vng, Trc-tre(6)--

Hnh-i, Tu-chy, Xa-xe---Mao-lng, Nhc-tht, da-B, Ct-xngCh gii:

1. Hai b Dn, Sc c ngha rt rng, thng ch v hnh ng, c bit l s i li, y ti tm dch Dn = i trong phm vi gn, Sc = i trong phm vi xa. (Cng l cho bt vn).2. Bao = bao bc, m p, bao che. Nn ti vit Bao = m. B = so snh. B Cng c ngha l 2 tay chp li nng 1 vt no , hoc chp tay li. (C vn v b Cng l hnh 2 bn tay)

3. B Hit v ci u ngi . Ch phn bit vi b Th (v u con th, ngha gc Th= u con th- L Lc Ngh)

4. B Tiu ngha l tc di, cc ch ch v ru tc thng c b ny. B Nhi vn l 1 ch tng hnh, v chm ru di cm (L Lc Ngh). Sau ny ngi ta gi t (mn ch Nhi ny ch 1 ngha khc). Cho nn ngy nay b Nhi tr thnh 1 h t trong ting Hn. Trong 1 vi ch Hn c cha b nhi, b Nhi vn mang ngha l ru cm. (nhn ni, b nh ru, au, phi nhn ni), (chi a, n b vn khng c ru, th m b N li i vi b Nhi (ru).5. B Dc = cc buc mi tn, hoc sc vt. y ti dch l cc buc tru, cng ch l lin tng m thi.B K cng l v 1 si dy thng (L Lc Ngh) sau , ngi ta cng gi t n lm 1 trong 10 thin can. (Vd: nm K mi). V cn gi t lm ngha K = ti, bn thn, mnh. Ngha gc ca ch K l ch K. Ngi nguyn thy ghi nh bng cch ly 1 si dy thng tht li nhiu nt. Mi nt l 1 s kin.6. Ngha l Vng (hoc M trong ting min nam). Ngi min nam VN gi vng l M v h bt chc cch c ch zhima ca ngi Qung ng. B Ma cn c ngha l cy gai v.v- Hai cu u ni v cc ng tc ca con ngi (chn v tay).- Cu 3 ni n loi chim.- Cu 4 c tnh bin ngu : Tc, Din, Th, Hit- Th //Tc ; Din//Hit. (chn &tay, u & mt).- Cu 5 ni tip ch Hit = u ngi (nn c tc, c ru).- Cu 6 c tnh bin ngu: Nha, Khuyn, Ngu, Gic (Ch c rng nanh nhn, Tru c sng cong). ng thi Tru ch, cng l 2 con vt i i vi nhau. (Ngu thc ra l b, tru l shuiniu).- Cu 7 c tnh ni lin: Cc tru, Dy thng (cc buc tru t phi c dy thng).- Cu 8 ni v thc vt. Qua, Cu, Ma, Trc.- Cu 9 ni n Giao thng, cc t u nm trong cng trng ngha (i li).- Cu 10 ni n cc b phn trn c th. Mao, Nhc, B , Ct. ng thi cng c tnh bin ngu. Mao i vi B (da & lng) Ct i vi Nhc (xng & tht).3. Cu 21 30 gm 31 b:

,

Khu l ming, X l rng,,,ngt Cam, mn L, di Trng, kiu Cao,

Ch l n, Nhp l vo,,,B-mui, Cu-ci, ao-dao, Mnh-bn,,

Vit-rng, Lp-ng, li-Ngn,,

Long-rng, Ng-c, Quy-con ra,

Li-cy rung, Tr-thu tha,,,Huyn-en, Yu-nh,Mch-t,Hong-vng,,

Cn-ru, Thch-, Thn-gang,,,Nh-2, Bt-8, Phng-vung, Thp-10Ch gii:

1. Cu 1 ni v ming v rng (cng trng ngha)

2. Cu 2 ni tip cu 1, ni v v gic , ngt , mn, sau chuyn tip n s trng thnh (cao, di).

S trng thnh c lin quan mt thit n rng.

3. Cu 3 tip tc ni n nhng iu lin quan vi ming. (n, vo trong ming)4. Cu 4 ni v dng c lm bp. (mui mc canh (tha-spoon)), ci gi go, con dao, ci bt mnh (ti tm dch l ci bn cho bt vn).5. c n ri th phi ni, cu ny l nhng ch v vic qun t Lp Ngn. (vit = ni rng, v lp ngn (to dng uy tn, ting ni cho ring mnh).6. Cu tip theo bt u l con rng(n nh rng cun, ni nh rng leo).Cu ny gm 3 loi thu tc, trong u l linh vt. (Long, quy) v 1 con c th ho rng (ng-c).7. Cu ny l chuyn tip, ni sang vic nng tang (cy rung, thu tha)

8.Thu th cn c ch , nn cu tip theo ni v b mch = t v cc b Huyn , yu , u c hnh dng ging b Mch. v b Hong = mu vng = > mu sc, t sc vng. (ng thi Huyn, hong thng i vi nhau, yu mch cng vy, v i khi dng vi ngha nh nhau).

9. Cu ny ni v cn o, ong, m, Cn = ru = 1 cn (n v o trng lng) Thch = , = 1 thch (n v o khi lng) =1stone, thn = 1 tc, l n v o chiu di, y bt vn ti dch 1 thn = 1 gang tay (sai nhng d lin tng).

10. Cu 10 l nhng b th dng m, 2, 8, 10. c thm b Phng = phng hng. (thp phng).4. Cu 31 40 gm 31 b:

,

N-con gi, Nhn- chn ngi(1),,

Kin-nhn, Mc-mt, Xch-di chn i(2)

tay cm que gi l Chi (3),

dng chn l Bt,cong th l T(4)

tay cm ba gi l Th(5),,,Kh-khng, Phong-gi, V-ma, T-u(6),,

Lc-hu, M-nga, Th-heo,,

sng-Sinh, Lc-kho, i-theo bt v(7),

Vng l li, Chu-thuyn b,,

Hc-en, Bch-trng, Xch th auGii thch:

1. B Nhn (v hai chn ca loi ngi). C th thy iu ny trong ch Kin (nhn): trn v mt, di v 2 chn ngi, ng : ch c loi ngi th mi c "kin gii" "kin thc"

2. Ni n n = phi p, l phi p th khin cho ngi ta phi nhn ngm (b kin) nhn th bng mt (b Mc) v nhn thy ri s theo ui (b Xch= bc i)

3. Ch Chi ny ngha gc l "1 cnh, 1 que" v bn tay v 1 cnh cy nh c 3 ci l thnh ra ch. Xin lu rng b Hu thng c ngha l bn tay trong cc ch ghp (phn th). (ngun: L lc Ngh).4. Dng chn l Bt v 2 bn chn dng ra, qua 1 qu trnh lch s bin i t dng( hnh dng ch) lu di, n c hnh dng nh ngy nay. Vd: bc ln (thng l lm l nhn ngi, t tri t qu thn): gm v (1 loi ng thc n thi xa lm t g) ng chn bc ln, bng theo ng thc n t l. (ngun: L Lc Ngh - nh trn).**B T: no idea. (ti thy ging 1 ci g cong cong).5. B Th: v bn tay cm 1 cng c ph (ging nh ci ba thi c i) bn trn l ba, bn di l b Hu = bn tay.

6. B Kh : v m hi bc ln. B Phong: gm ch phm ch m c, b trng = su b, ng gi ni th cn trng sinh ra (theo Nguyn Khu). B V: nt l bu tri; ntl t trn xung; ntl ch mt vng; bn chm l v cc ht ma. (theo L Lc Ngh). B T : v 3 bng la tr u nhau, cy gia mc trn t cao nn cao nht, 2 cy 2 bn mc t thp hn, nn bng la cng thp hn. (theo L Lc Ngh) b T ny bin i t dng rt ln, kh nhn ra c.bn no c iu kin, tm coi ch T vit theo li tiu trin s r.

B T thm vo cnh gi ma, kh hu, ng mong mun thi tit iu ho. T = ty, u 1 lt: vd: t thin i thnh = i thnh ty tri(to bng tri). nht t: cng(u).

7. Tip n ni v loi th quen thuc vi ngi TQ: hu, nga, heo. V cc c tnh ca chng: sc Sinh, kho mnh. cui cng l vic ui bt chng (b i).Cui cng ni v sng nc thuyn b (giang h) nn c hc, c bch, ng thi cng c c bn (cng sn).5. Cu 41 50 gm 30 b:

Thc- n, u-nh nhau(1)Th-tn, Cung-n, Mu-mu, Qua-ng(2)i-xng, Huyt-mu, Tm-lng(3)Thn-mnh, Thi-xc, nh-chung,Cch-ni(4)

Khim-thiu thn,Thn-by ti(5)V-ng, Phi-ch, Mnh thi ba ba(6)Nhu-chn, Thit-li, Cch-da(7)Mch-m, Ho-la, Th l cy ng(8)

Tiu l nh, i l to(9)Tng-ging, Suyn-dm, Phin-t, Vi-vy(10)Gii thch:1. Thc l n, bi v n ung m con ngi tranh ginh => nh nhau(u). B Thc gm Nhn v Lng (ch ny ngha gc l lng thc). B u c 2 ch Vng (vua), c th coi nh 2 ng vua i t xa n nh nhau.2. nh nhau th phi dng n v kh nn c: Th = mi tn, Cung = ci cung ( y bt vn, ti gi l N), Mu= ci mu (v kh ca Trng Phi l ci Bt x mu), Qua = ci ng, 1 th v kh c xa (Truyn kiu c cu: Vc ng cht sn).3. nh nhau th ri xng mu nn c b i = xng tn, Huyt= mu, v Tm= tim, tm lng, (lun i cng vi ch Huyt).4. nh nhau c k cn sng, gi c Thn, k b xc (b Thi), k lm vua th c nh (Vd: cu nh Hu), c ni to (Cch = ci ni rt ln).5. K thua trn phi thn phc lm b ti(b Thn), b ti th lun lun thiu thn, thiu st (b Khim).6. Cu ny chuyn ngot, khuyn rn b ti, ch lm iu phi php (V, Phi) v ni v ng vt (con Baba).7. Tip theo ni v ng vt, Nhu = vt chn th, Thit= li (loi ng vt, loi ngi), v Cch (da th thuc, c th lm giy, qun o, ti v.v) u l nhng th cung cp cho con ngi.8.Tip n l cc loi ng cc. Mch = la mch, gm ch Mc + 2 ch Nhn (2 bng la mch) v bn di v r cy la mch.+++. B Ho gm b Mc thm 1 pht bn trn ng bng la go. B Th gm b Ho ng cy la. B Nhn= v tri bp ng, bn di l v 1 ci li bp ng, v 4 ht bp ng. (ging b Thu nhng ko c ngha l nc).9. Tiu, i = nh , to, l ni n nhng b i ngha.10. Tip theo s l Tng>tng i Phung => Phng. Sau ngi ta thm b Sc vo cho r ngha hn. (Sc = i xa, ng hnh ng, v.v)B Tuy trng rt ging b Tr, nn i khi ngi hc d b nhm ln. Nhng bn ch cn 1 cht l s phn bit c.Vd: Ch=+++.B Mch l cy la mch, nn v Mc = cy, hai ch Nhn l v 2 bng la nng tru, bn di v r cy la mch.2. Ch T ban u chnh l v ci mi. Sau ngi ta mn ch "Mi" ny ch ngha T = T , T mnh. V vy cn phi to ra 1 ch khc ch ci mi, chnh l ch T. (m c c ca T v T gn ging nhau).

(T)=(t)+(t). Ch T = mi c to mi l 1 ch Hnh thanh (b T bn trn ch ngha, ch T bn di ch m c)T =(in)+(Cng). T = em cho .Bn trn v b in , tng trng 1 gi qu, ta c th coi nh 1 chic bnh chng cho d nh.Bn di v hai bn tay (b Cng = hai bn tay chp li nng mt vt). Ng , em qu i tng. (m bc Kinh Bi4)B Nh v ci tai. b bin i t dng rt nhiuB Th v u con th, c 2 sng pha trn, kh ging u 1 con b. Ch phn bit vi b Hit v u ngi, khng c 2 sng bn trn.3. B Thanh ngha l mu xanh.=+C vn vit bn trn l Sinh (Sanh) ch m c (Ghi ch: m c Hn c v m Hn hin i khc nhau, c l thi c i , ch Sinh v ch Thanh c m c tng i ging nhau). Bn di l an = mu , ng mu xanh lun i i vi mu .B Tho v 2 ngn c, c vn v hin nay u d dng nhn ra iu .B Sc = mu sc, v con K nhng ui di, 2 nt trn cng l ci u con k nhng, phn gia v ci thn con k nhng, nt cong di cng v ci ui con k nhng, v k nhng thng thay i mu rt nhanh, nn ngi tq ly n ch ngha mu sc.4. B Tr (hoc Si, Tri) v hnh 1 con th ui di, bn trn l ci u c mm nhn, rng di. c th phn ra thnh :- u con th = b nguyt vit nghing- Lng v ui con th l nt cong bao bn ngoi- 4 chn con th tng trung = 2 nt cong bn trong (v y l hnh v con th nhn nghing).Nhng loi th d, xng sng di thng dng b Tr ny ch Vd:.

B K v ci u con heo, c mm di, rt kh nhn ra, nhng ta c th thy tn d ca n trong cc ch Hn ang dng ngy nay: vn l 1 lai heo rng, sau mn dng lm ch San trong kinh dch.5.B Th l con chut, c vn v hnh 1 con chut, sau din bin thnh hnh ch nh ngy nay. Nu bn ly ch Th tiu trin quay ngc kim ng h 90 , s thy kh ging 1 con chut ang b.Hin nay, mun nh c ch ny, bn c th nh theo cch sau: Th thuc b Cu = ci ci xay go. Con chut "xay"go cng kh l d, cho nn ly b Cu tng trng cho ci u ca n. Phn bn di v 3 nt di 4 nt ngn. 3 nt di tng trng cho mnh v ui con chut, 4 nt ngn = 4 ci chn.6. B Hng = thm, bn trn v b Ha = cy la, bn di v b Cam(sau bin thnh Vit) ngha l ngt ngo. Gp 2 li => mi bng la chn ngt ngo v thm tho.=+=+B M v hnh 1 bng la, sau ch ngha l go. trng hnh ch kh ging bng la. Nhng ch Hn c cha b M thng ch v cc loi ht, ht nh, thm ch nh n mc khng nhn thy vd:,B Trit v 1 ngn c, tng trng cho loi ru, b ny t dng.B Dng v hnh 1 qu chung(khng c nm).Ngi xa t n trn bn lm vic, khi cn "DNG" n lnh hu, ngi th dng tay nm ly lc cho ku. do vy m ngi TQ v ci chung ny ch ngha Dng, s dng.7. B u v hnh 1 ci u ong go. Ngi TQ c i ong bng u. Nu bn no l ngi Vn gc min bc chc s d hiu hn, v ngi vn min bc vn dng n v "u" ong go cho n tn nhng nm 80 ca th k 20.8. B Can l ci l chn, hc l ci dng c dng dng gio mc thi xa. Nay bin hnh ch, kh nhn ra, tuy nhin n cng rt n gin, ch c 3 nt, nn cng kh d nh.B Cng v hnh ci thc th (ging nh thc T ngy nay) 1 dng c ly gc vung ca ngi th TQ c i. Nu bn no c chuyn mn v xy dng s d dng hnh dung ra hn.9. B Th v hnh 1 ci bn th thi tin s (h dng 1 mt lm mt bn, chm 3 khc g lm chn) nn b Th hin nay vit : nt trn cng l thc n cng t, nt ngang th 2 l mt bn th, 3 nt c chiu thng l v chn bn. b Th hin c 2 cch vit c chp nhn:10. B Ngc v 1 chui ngc , c vn vit Ngcv Vngging nhau, sau ny ngi ta mi thm 1 chm nh vo b Ngc phn bit vi ch Vng, Rt nhiu ngi hc ch Hn thng nhm l b "Vng" thc ra, khng h c b Vng, ch c b Ngc, b ngc khi nm trong cc ch Hn phc tp, c hnh dng ca ch Vng . Vd:,,,,,B Bi v hnh ci v s, hai nt di cng l hai ci khp trn v con s bin. Ngi TQ c i trao i hng ha bng v s, h dng v s thay th tin. Do vy, Bi c ngha m rng l tin bc, qu him, ca bu, vd trong ting vit: Bo bi.Qua 1 thi gian di bin hnh, nn b Bi kh nhn ra c hnh dng v s, nhng n thng nm trong cc ch ch v tin bc, mua bn, trao i, bi thng v.v7. Cu 61 70 gm 19 b:

u l bt ng th-

Sng-chung ru ngh, Du-v ru tm-

Y-l o, Cn-l khn-

Hu-bn tay phi, Ch- chn; tm dng-

t chim n, Trng-cn trng-

Chuy-chim ui ngn, V -lng chim tri-

Quynh-vy 3 pha bn ngai-

Vi-vy 4 pha, Khm-thi h su()-Phc-nh nh, Thi-hi rau--K-bn, Dut-bt, Tn-dao hnh hnhGii thch:

1. B u v hnh 1 lai dng c ng thc n bng g ca ngi TQ c i , nt ngang bn trn v ci np, b khu l v phn thn ng, 3 nt di cng v ci chn .2. B Sng(Xng) v hnh 1 chung ru (thng l ru ngh) dng cng t thi c i. C th phn b Sng ra nh sau :Sng =(phn thn cha ru)+(2 l ngh)+(4 chm tng trng go/ng cc)+(ci mui mc ru)B Duv hnh 1 v ru (thi c) . Nu ta nhn vo ch Dutiu trin, s thy kh ging 1 v ru. Trong vn t c, Duc i khi ch ngha ru, sau ny ngi TQ ft minh ra can chi, h ly ch Duny lm chi Du (g), v to mi ra ch Tu= ru bng cch thm vo 3 chm thy.

3. B Y v hnh 1 ci o, ch Y c vn rt ging 1 chic o c 2 ng tay, 1 vt, sau qu trnh bin i t dng, n c hnh dng nh ngy nay, hi kh nhn ra l 1 ci o. Nu bn nhn vo ch Y tiu trin s thy ging chic o.Hin nay b Y c 2 cch vit :B Cn v hnh 1 ci khn c treo trn cc.+=.B Hu l 1 b kh n gin, nhng ngha li rt quan trng, theo L Lc Ngh, b Hu v hnh bn tay lm vic, bn tay gii lao ng. (ch , b Hu l ch vit nn c gin lc nhiu , ch v bn tay vi 3 ngn, hn na rt kh nhn ra)Tuy nhin ngy nay b Hu c mn dng lm h t , nhng trong cc ch ghp c cha b Hu, n vn mang ngha l bn tay lao ng. (Cc bn hc ch gin th ch :b Hu trong ch gin th phn ln u khng c ngha l bn tay lao ng, n ch l cch gim bt nt ca ch Phn th m thi)Vd:,(=Hin=ngi gii vic, hin nhn-ch c)Nhng trong cc ch gin th nh :,,,v.v hu u khng h c ngha l bn tay gii lm vicB Ch tng t nh b Hu, v 1 bn chn, nhng b bin hnh rt nhiu, nn kh lng nhn ra c . Ngy nay Ch cng c mn dng lm h t, ngha l dng li, nh ch. Nhng trong cc ch Hn c cha b Ch, n thng c ngha l bn chnVd:, , , 4. B t l 1 trong mi thin can ca TQ, n rt n gin ch c 1 nt. B t theo ng L Lc Ngh vn v hnh 1 con chim n, sau mn ch ny ch thin can. Cc bn mi hc ch Hn cng nn hc thuc Thin Can gm 10 ch kh c bn. Gip t Bnh inh Mu K Canh Tn Nhm Qu. Tuy rng chng khng phi l ch rt thng dng nhng cng c dng kh nhiu. Hn na , chng nm trong cc ch Hn rt thng dng.Thin can:trong cc chl rt thng dng, ngai ra cc ch cn liu nm trong cc ch rt thng dng khc nh :B Trng v hnh 1 con rn h mang, ch Trng ngy nay vn cn gi li kh tt hnh dng con rn h mang. phn trn l ch Trung ging nh ci u con rn h mang, 2 nt bn di v hnh n ang cun trn. Ngoi ra bn c th ghi nh c rng Trung => Trng (v m c). Ngy nay b Trng c dng chung ch cc loi khng fi chim m cng khng phi th, cc con vt trong thn thoi. Ch , vd nh loi di, vn thuc loi th, nhng v ngi TQ c i nhm ln nn xp n vo loi trng. S fn bit gia Chim, Th, Trng, Ng trong h thng ch Hn cng ch l tng i.5. Ch Truy (Chuy) l v con chim c ui ngn (theo L Lc Ngh - Tm v ci ngun ch Hn)nu coi ch tiu trin th hnh dng kh ging 1 con chim (nh loi s). Nhng b ch chim ui tng i ngn thng dng b Truy. Trong h thng ch Hn, ngi ta dng song song 2 b Truy v iu ch lai chim (ui ngn v ui di) Nhng i khi cng c s ln ln, s phn bit ny khng phi han tan l chnh xc tuyt i. V d nh ch K = con g, c th vit l b Truy, cng c th vit l b iu. B V v hnh i cnh chim, trng kh ging 1 i cnh, min bnh lun.6. B Quynh v 1 ci khung vy 3 pha. Theo 1 s sch c ghi l vng t xa. Ni chung ti cm thy b Quynh c 1 s ngha, nn ty vo n trong ch no gii thch c th.

B Vi c ngha l bao vy, v 1 ci khung vy 4 pha. min bnh lun7. B Khm c ngha l ci h su. Ta c th thy r iu ny trong ch Hung = im d, khng tt lnh;(Hung )=(Khm)+(V hnh 2 ngn chng)Ngi ta v 1 ci h chng ng rng rt "hung him", vy nn Khm r rng l hnh ci h su.Ngoi ra bn nn ty vo truong hp c th an ngha b th.8. B Phc v hnh 1 tay cm que nh . ngha ca n kh a dng, nhng thng thng l ngha dng tay v nh, nh nh, hoc ng tc din ra nhanh chng.==(que)+(tay)Vd:(bn phi v bn tay cm que, bn tri v hnh ci trng)(bn tri v con b= sc vt, bn phi v bn tay cm que qut nh chn b) Mc = chn dt(Phn bn trn l ch cch c, bn di l b phc ng rt nhanh chng ) Bin = bin i, bin ha.

9. B Thi, Si ngha l hi rau, la chn. Bn trn v b Tro ng bn tay hi rau, bn di v b Mc ng loi thc vt.=+10. B K v hnh 1 ci bn thi c.B Dut c vn v hnh bn tay ang cm vit. Nn trong ch Th = sch c b Dut (tay cm vit) v bn di l v 1 cun sch:=+B Tn v hnh 1 con dao dng thch ch ln mt ca bn qu tc thi xa dng hnh hnh ti phm, sau n c ngha m rng l cay ng cng nh ngha vay mn l Tn (thin can trong lch TQ, vd; nm Tn du).Cc ch Hn cha Tn vi ngha l dao hnh hnh :=+V ti, hnh thanh, C ch m c, Tn ch ngha==+Ti, ct mi, hi , T = ci mi, Tn = con dao hnh hnh=+=Quan T, cai qun, B min = ci nh ca quan, b Tn = con dao hnh quyt th hin quyn uy.8. Cu 71 82 gm 25 b:

Vn l ch vit , vn minh

Cn l qu Cn , ging hnh bt cm-

Ma l Qu , ting l m-

C l nh trng , Dc cm so chi

Th l h ca con ngi-

Bc l xem bi , Nch thi m au-

Bng l Sam , vch l Ho----che , Mch-ph , S u ngha nan---S , Pht , Mc , Ch - nt n---H Phng Bng Tit th dn nt i-

V l khng - Nht mt thi

Mua vui gp nht i li din Nm.

Gii thch:1. B Vn v hnh 1 ngi dang ng, th hin r nht phn thn mnh(hnh tam gic gia ch Vn). Theo L Lc Ngh, Vn ngha gc l Xm mnh. Ti c bit ngi Vit c c tc xm mnh, nn c l chng ta mi t nhn l Vn Langchng?=(ci u)+(hai tay)+(thn mnh v 2 chn)Sau Vn mi c ngha thm l vn t , ch vit.vn minh v.v2. B Cn ngha gc l v hnh 1 bt n c ca ngi TQ. l v hnh ci phn ng thc n, nt ngang bn trong ch thc n. Phn bn di ch Cn v hnh ci chn ca dng c ny(sau qu trnh bin i t dng lu di, nn kh nhn ra)n khi pht minh ra Kinh Dch, Bt qui, ngi TQ bn mn ch Cn ny ch 1 thut ng, tc l Qu Cn trong bt qui. Ngha l bt ng thc n mt i.Chng ta c th thy ngha gc ca ch Cn trong cc ch:(thc n cho con ngi)(bn l M=go, bn l bt ng thc n) (n xong ri, quay mt i ni khc = xong, ).

3. B Qu v hnh 1 con ma, ci u rt to (nt pht + b in) 2 chn di () v ci v kh ca con ma (ging nh kiu li hi thn cht).=++B m n nay ti vn cha c ti liu no gii thch, nhng ti xin a ra cch nh ch ca ti, cc bn c th tham kho:

(m thanh, ting )=(ngi va bit ng,bit i)+(bt u tp ni y th l m)B Lp = ng, ti tm cho l tr con mi chp chng bit iB Vit = ni rng, ni nng, ti cho l tr con bt u tp ni.Ch m trong ting vit: m thanh, m nhc, m vc, m hc, khuych m,tng m, ghi m (k m), m giai, m hng, v.v