2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid update may 2010

ຜນການສກສາເບອງຕນຝນເຫອງ ແລະຢາຂາຫຽາ

Agent Orange and Herbicide

2,4-DPresent by

Damrong PHOMDOUANGSY

Provincial Office Senior Environmental Advisers/under subcontracts with Grontmij/Carl Bro/Prime Minister

Office

SEM II/SIDA2009

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

IUPAC name (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid

Other names 2,4-D, hedonal, trinoxol

Properties

Molecular formula C8H6Cl2O3

Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1

Appearance white to yellow powder

Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K)

Boiling point 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg)

Solubility in water 900 mg/L (25 °C)

Related compounds

Related compounds 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

• ເປນສານເຄມ ມລກສະນະອອກລດເປນກດ ສາມາດຊມຊບເຂາແພຈະລງພດໄດໄວທສດ

• ບນຈສານ Dixoin ທເຮດໜາທ ປຽນແປງການເຮດວຽກຂອງ DNA ເຮດໃຫ DNA ສງງານ enzymes and proteins ຜດພາດຈາກການທາໜາທປກກະຕຂອງ (hormone). ໜາຍເຖງພນທລກາຖກທາລາຍ ແລະສອບທອດຫາຍຊວຄນ. ໜາຍເຖງການກາຍພນຂອງມະນດໃນທາງລບ.

• 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ເມອປະສມນາ ຈະບມສ, ບມກນແລະບມລດຊາດ; ຮາຍແຮງກາວນນ ຈະຖກທາລາຍໃນ ອຫະພມ260 C

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid• Dioxin is a generic name used to describe a family of compounds known as chlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins. The most notable, most studied, and most toxic chemical in this

family is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or 2,3,7,8-TCDD, most commonly

referred to as TCDD.

• Dioxin ແມນຊທວໄປ/ຕະກນ ທໃຊພນລະນາ ບນດາສານເຄມໃນກມ chlorinated

dibenzo-p-dioxins. ເປນສານເຄມ ທເປນພດຮນແຮງທສດ ເທານກວທະຍາສາດໄດສກສາມາໃນກມ 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or 2,3,7,8-TCDD ທງມດ ມຊສາມນ TCDD.

• TCDD is colorless and odorless (1). Dioxins bioaccumulate in the food chain and the

major route of human exposure is by eating fish, meat, and dairy products that have

been exposed. Fetuses and nursing infants are at particular risk of exposure because of

TCDDs accumulation in breast milk (1).

• TCDD ຫ Dioxins ບມສ ແລະບມກນ. Dioxins ສະສມໃນຮວງໂຊອາຫານຂອງມະນດແລະເສນທາງນາເຂາສຮາງກາຍມະນດ ແມນການກນປາ, ຊນ ແລະຜະລດຕະພນຈາກນມ, ລກອອນໃນຄນ ແລະເດກເກດໃໝ ມຄວາມສຽງທຈະໄດຮບສານພດ TCDD ຫDioxins ສງ ຍອນການກນນມຈາກແມ ຫ ຜະລດຕະພນນມຈາກສດ.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• The powerful defoliant and herbicide Agent Orange, used extensively throughout the Vietnam War, contained 2,4-D. The controversies associated with the use of Agent Orange were associated with a contaminant (dioxin) in the 2,4,5-T component. However, 2,4-D is still contaminated to some extent with dioxins, predominately those with 2 or 3 chlorine atoms.

• ສານເຄມ ທທາລະພດ ແລະວດສະພດທມຮນແຮງນນ ແມນຝນເຫ ອງ, ສານດງກາວແມນນາໃຊໃນສງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ, ມສວນປະສມ 2,4-D ແລະ 2,4,5-T ສານເຄມນມສວນປະກອບ ໄດອກຊນ(dioxin), ຊງທາດກ ລນ ມ 2-3 ອາຕອມ.


• 2,4-D is toxic to the liver at small dosages. Increases in liver

function tests, jaundice, acute hepatitis, lobular and portal

inflammation indicative of a toxic reaction, as well as

permanent damage leading to cirrhosis has been reported in

exposed golfers

• 2,4-D ໃນປະລມານໜອຍ ກເປນພດຕຕບ. ເພມການທາງານຂອງຕບ, ພະຍາດເກດຜວໜງສເຫອງ, ຕບອບເສບ, ຕບເປອຍແລະໃນທສດເກດເປນພະຍາດຕບແຂງ ຕາມການລາຍງານຂອງນກຫນກອບ.


• Acute toxicity2,4-D is a WHO Class II 'moderately hazardous' pesticide. This

places it in the same class as endosulfan, lindane, paraquat

and toxaphene. It has an LD50 of 375 mg/kg in the rat with

evidence suggesting a similar level of toxicity in humans(9).

• ອງການອະນາໄມໂລກ ຫ (WHO) ໄດການດປະເພດ 2,4-D

ເປນສານເຄມອນຕະລາຍ ແລະຈດຢໃນລະດບດຽວກບ endosulfan,

lindane, paraquat and toxaphene. (class 2B)


• Cancer ເກດມະເລງPhenoxy acid herbicides have been linked with soft tissue sarcomas. .

However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has

classified 2,4-D among the phenoxy acid herbicides MCPA and 2,4,5-T as a

class 2B carcinogen-possibly carcinogenic to humans(16)

• ສານຂາຫຽາ ຈາພວກ Phenoxy acid ເປນສາຍເຫດໃຫເກດພະຍາດມະເລງ. ອງການຄນຄວສາກນ ກຽວກບພະຍາດມະເລງInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ໄໄໄໄດຈດແບງ ສານເຄມ 2,4-D ແລະບນດາ ສານເຄມຂາຫຽາ ໃນຕະກນphenoxy acid herbicides MCPA and 2,4,5-T ໃນປະເພດ class 2B ອນເນອງຈາກວາ ເປນສານອນຕະລາຍ ແລະກໃຫເກດມະເລງ.


• Fate in the environment

ຜນກະທບຕສງແວດລອມ2,4-D has low soil sorbtion and a high potential for leachability(23). Indeed 2,4-D residues have been recorded many times both in water company monitoring programmes and by the UK Department of the Environment(24,25).

• It has also been detected in groundwater supplies in a number of US States and in Canada(26). In 1994, 3% of groundwater samples, and in 1995, 4% of surface water samples in England and Wales exceeded the EU standard(27).

• 2,4-D ຊມຊບສດນໜອຍ ແລະມການໄຫລນສງ. ໃນນນ 2,4-D ຕາມການລາຍງານຫາຍໆຄງ ຂອງ ໂຄງຕດຕາມສານພດ ແລະພະແນກສງແວດລອມຂອງປະເທດອງກດພບວາ 2,4-D ໃນນາ ມການຕກຄາງສງ.

• ໃນ US States and in Canada, ໃນ 1994 ຕວຢາງໃນໃຕດນ ມສານ 2,4-D ຕກຄາງສງເຖງ 3% ແລະໃນປ 1995 ຕວຢາງນາໜາດນຂອງປະເທດອງກດ ແລະລດ Wales 4% ; ສງກວາ ມາດຖານ EU ການດ.


• Wildlife ຕສດປາ ແລະໃນທາມະຊາດSome formulations of 2,4-D are highly toxic to fish while

others are less so. Aquatic invertebrates do not in general

seem to be very sensitive to 2,4-D. Moderate exposure of

honey bees to 2,4-D severely impaired reproduction.

• ບາງສດເຄມ ຂອງ 2,4-D ເປນພດສງຕປາແລະສດນາ ໃນຂະນະຕສດອນແມນໜອຍກວາ ແຕບໝາຍຄວາມວາປອດໃພ. 2,4-D ມພດຮນແຮງຕສດນາທບມກະດກສນຫງ ເຊນຫອຍ, ກງ ແລະອນໆ ລວມທງຈລນຊ. ສານ 2,4-D ພຽງເລກນອຍ ມຜນຕເຜງ ບສາມາດຂະຫຽາພນໄດ.

Agent Orangeຝນເຫອງ

• A combination of the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

(2,4-D) and 2,4,5-T, called Agent Orange, was used for defoliation

and crop destruction by the American military in the Vietnam War

(1).

• ແມນການປະສມ ຢາຂາຫຽາ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D ແລະ 2,4,5-T, ມຊໃໝວາວາຝນເຫອງ, ທໃຊກອງທບສະຫະລດ ໃຊທາລາຍປາໄມ ແລະຊວະນາໆພນ (ສງມຊວດ) ແລະທາລາຍຜນລະປກ ໃນສງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ. 2,4-D ແລະ 2,4,5-T ທງສອງຂະນດມສວນປະກອບຂອງ ສານ ໄດອກຊນ Dioxin

Dioxin Contamination of Food ສານ ໄດອອກຊນ ທປນເປອນໃນອາຫານ

ໂອກາດທສານ Dioxinເຂາມາສຮວງໂຊອາຫານຂອງມະນດ

ພນທກາປຽນແປງຍອນ DNA ຖກທາລາຍ ຈາກສານໄດອກຊນ(dioxin)

ຜນກະທບຈາກສານ Dioxin ຕມະນດໃນລນຕມາ

ພນທກາຖກທາລາຍ ໂດຍສານ DIOXIN

ພນທກາທຖກທາລາຍໂດຍສານDIOXIN ຖາຍທອດເຖງຄນລນໃໝ

What is Dioxin ?ສານໄດອກຊນເຮດໜາທຫຽງ?

• As far as biologists know, dioxin damages normal physiological functions

by mimicking the way hormones work. This means dioxin penetrates cell

walls and changes DNA so that the DNA sends unpredictable messages.

These messages result in altered production of enzymes and proteins,

rather than their proper regulation by hormones. Scientists do not yet

fully understand the relationship between altered DNA and diseases such

as cancer, but they are concerned about the toxic effects of dioxin in food

supplies, and support continued research.

• ເທາທນກຊວະວທະຍາຮ, ສານ ໄດອອກຊນ (dioxin) ທາລາຍໜາທ ເຮດວຽກປກກະຕ ລະບບສລະສາດ ໂດຍການລຽນແບບ ຂອງການເຮດວຽກຂອງ ຮໂມນ(hormone) . ສານ (dioxin) ແທງທະລເນອຫມແພຈລງ ແລະປຽນແປງ DNAເຮດໃຫ DNA ບສາມາດປະເມນຂມນທຖກຕອງໄດ . ການສງຂມນຜດພາດດງກາວ ເປນຜນໃຫການຜະລດ enzymes and proteins ຜດພາດຈາກການທາໜາທປກກະຕຂອງ (hormone). ນກວທະຍາສາດຍງບເຂາໃຈໝດເທອກຽວກບຜນສບເນອງລະຫວາງ ການປຽນແປງຂອງ DNA ແລະພະຍາດ ເຊນມະເລງ, ແຕນກວທະຍາສາດ ເປນຫວງ ແລະກງວນ ບນຫາຜນກະທບຂອງສານພດ dioxin ປນເປອນໃນອາຫານ ແລະຍງສບຕການຄນຄວຕໄປ.

How to find Dioxin in Lao PDRປະຈບນສານ Dioxin ໃນບອນໃດແດໃນຜນແຜນດນ ໃນ

ສສປ ລາວ?ສະໃໝສງຄາມ During war • ສະຫະລດໃນຫວານຝນເຫອງສະໃໝສງຄາມ

ແຂວງຊຽງແຂວງ, ຊາເໜອ, ແຂວງສະຫວນນະເຂດ: ເມອງ ພນ, ເມອງເຊໂປນ, ແຂວງຄາມວນ: ເມອງບວລະພາ ເມອງນາກາຍ, ແຂວງ ສາລະວນ, ອດຕະປແລະແຂວງອນໆ (ຕອງການສກສາຂາມນເພມເຕມ)

ໃນປະຈບນສານເຄມຂາຫຽາມຢໃສແດ? Recently

ສານ DIOXIN ວານຕາມເສນທາງHochiminh Trails

ປະຈບນສານ Dioxin ໃນບອນໃດແດໃນຜນແຜນດນ ໃນສສປ ລາວ?

ໃນລາຄາຍອມເຍາໃນທອງຕະຫາດທກແຫງໃນປະເທດ

ປະຈບນສານ Dioxin ໃນບອນໃດແດໃນຜນແຜນດນໃນ ສສປ ລາວ?

ໃນສວນຢາງພາລາພາກ ເອກກະຊນ ຂອງປະຊາຊນ

ປະຈບນສານ Dioxin ໃນບອນໃດແດໃນຜນແຜນດນ ໃນ ສສປ ລາວ?

ສານຂາຫຽາ ພາລາກອດ ພບຢເລາໄກ

ປະຈບນສານ Dioxin ໃນບອນໃດແດໃນຜນແຜນດນ ໃນ ສສປ ລາວ?

ເພອບານໃກຄຽງໃຊ ຜເປນອາໃສໃກຄຽງກມຜນກະທບ

Project National Ecology Agriculture (PRONEA)

SCV: 2,4-D + Glyphosate: ແຂວງໄຊຍະບລ,

ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ, ແຂວງວຽງຈນ, ນະຄອນວງວຽງຈນ, ໂຄງການນເທນ 2…

Project National Ecology Agriculture

(PRONEA)

2,4-D Glyphosate

ແຫງຂມນ• References

1. The Pesticide Manual 10th Edition, British Crop Protection Council/Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994.2. Generic Pesticides-the markets. Agrow report DS100, PJB Publications, Richmond, UK, 1994.3. Post-emergence herbicides, Agrow report, PJB Publications Ltd, Richmond, UK, 1995.4. Chemical Regulation Reporter, p 44, Bureau of National Affairs, US, 4 September 1993.5. Produce Studies, Non agricultural use of pesticides in England and Wales, DoE, November 1996.6. Pesticide usage survey report 119: Grassland and fodder crops in Great Britain 1993; and Pesticide usage survey report 115: Orchards and fruit stores in Great Britain 1992, MAFF, 1994.7. Pesticide usage survey report 100: Review of usage of pesticides in agriculture and horticulture throughout Great Britain 1984-94, MAFF, 1997.8. Op cit. 3.9. International Programme on Chemical Safety, The WHO recommended classification of pesticide by hazard and guidelines to classification 1996-97.10. Extoxnet data sheet on 2,4-D, Pesticide Mange-ment Programme, Cornell University, US, 1994.11. Shearer, Ruth W, Health effects of 2,4-D herbicide, in 2,4-D Information Packet, North West Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, January 1990.12. Evaluation on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid salts and esters, MAFF, March 1993.13. Op. cit. 10.14. Op. cit. 12.15. Interdepartmental Executive Committee on Pest Management, 2,4-D Re-evaluation update and label improvement program, Plant Industry Directorate, Canada, 23 November, 1994.16. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: An updating of IARC Monographs volumes 1 to 42. Supplement 7, WHO, Lyon, France 1987.17. O'Brien, Mary, Jury Charges Dow $1.5 million for 2,4-D caused death of forest worker, Journal of Pesticide Reform, 1987, 7: 4(30).18. Veterans and Agent Orange-Update 1996, National Academy Press, US, 1996.19. Ibid, pp35-87.20. Environmental Health Criteria 29, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), IPCS, Geneva, 1984.21. Colborn, T, et al. Developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans, Env. Health Perspectives 101:378-384, 1993.22. Op. cit. 10.23. Montgomery, John H, Agrochemicals desk reference, Lewis Publishers, 1993.24. Pesticides in water: Report of the working party on the incidence of pesticides in water, HMSO, May 1996.25. Drinking Water Inspectorate, Drinking water 1953: A report of the Chief Inspector, HMSO, 1996.26. Op. cit. 10.27. Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment, 1995, Environment Agency, March 1997.28. Op. cit. 10.

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid update may 2010

Documents