document2
TRANSCRIPT
4. , , .
4.1-9 C C 0.70-0.95 0.75-0.85 0.50-0.70 0.05-0.10 0.30-0.50 0.10-0.15 0.40-0.60 0.60-0.75 0.15-0.20 0.13-0.17 0.25-0.40 0.18-0.22 0.50-0.70 0.25-0.35 0.50-0.80 0.30-0.60 0.60-0.90 0.20-0.50 , 0.10-0.25 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.35 0.20-0.50 0.20-0.40 0.20-0.40 0.10-0.30 0.10-0.25 0.70-0.80 0.70-0.95 0.15-0.45 0.80-0.95 0.05-0.25 0.40-0.80 0.70-0.85 0.30-0.70:(2007, )(
)
(Clark
Method)
. - . Clark
1
-
. (Linear Reservoir) Clark
.
4 - 27
4. S=K,
O:
S
:
, O
:
, K(
.
I- O =
S t2
)
I1 + I2 2
t -
O1 + O2 2
t = K( SC2=
- S 1)
(1)
O 2 = C OI 2 + C 1 I 1 + C 2 O 1 C0= C1 = t 2K +
(2)
t
,
2K 2K +
t t
C0+C1+C2= 1, I 1 , I 2 , O 1 ,(2)
O 2 .
. (2)
I 1 = I 2 .
O2 = C1 I1 + C2O1 C3 C2=
(3)
0.5t K + 0.5 t
=
K - 0.5t K + 0.5 t
C3 + C2 = 1(2)
(3)
(I.U.H) t(t = t 1 - t i - 1 )
Ui =
1 2
(Oi - O
i - 1)
nt .
Ui =(4)
n
1
( 0.5O
i- n + O i- n +1 +
--- + O
i - 1 + 0.5 O i )
(4)
.
4 - 28
4. Kirpich
,
Rziha
,
Kerby
,
Kraven
,
, , Kraven
, .K
,
-
. Clark
K
K = T C (=0.8
1.2)
.
Clark
Linsley
, KL A S C b
:
(hr) (km) (km (%)
:
:
)
:
: 0.5
: 0.01
1.4
0.03
Russel
(
Flood Runoff Analysis(1994, USACE) )
,K
(hr), 1.5
(developed
catchments)
1.1
(rural
catchments)
2.1,
2.8,
4 - 29
4. (forestedcatchments)
8.0
12.0
.
Sabol
(
Flood Runoff Analysis(1994, USACE) )
K =
Tc1.46 - 0.0867
L2 A
K (hr), T c (hr), L (km),A (km ).
(
)
SCS
Conservation Service : SCS)
(U.S.Soil
(Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph)
4.1-7
.
, .
4.1-7SCS tr1.0 0.8
Q / Qp
0.6 0.4 0.2
tl tp
Qp
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
t / tp Q P t P , Q/Q P, t/t P . 4 - 30
4.1-10
4.
4.1-10SCS ttP
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
QQ P
0 0.03 0.100 0.190 0.310 0.470 0.660 0.820 0.930 0.990 1.000
ttP
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2
QQ P
0.990 0.930 0.860 0.780 0.680 0.560 0.460 0.390 0.330 0.280 0.207
ttP
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.0
QQ P
0.147 0.107 0.077 0.055 0.040 0.029 0.021 0.015 0.011 0.005 0.000
SCS
Q P t P
. tP tr t , , t Ptr:
A QP tP(hr)
(hr)
:
t : , QPA : (hr)
(m3-sec)
:
(km2)
t , .
SCS
SCS
(
2,000acre=8.09372km2
) t
. 4 - 31
4.
L S t Y L :
(ft)
Y :
SCS
(%)
S
:
. CN
(inch)
S=(1000-CN)-10
.
(
)
4.1-11
4.1-11 1 HJM0 0.129 0.460 HJ0 0.341 1.000 0.306 0.790 0.284 0.710 0.271 0.710 0.269 0.680 0.253 0.680 0.252 0.660 0.218 0.660 0.187 0.450 0.174 0.450 CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS 3.30 3.29 4.26 8.50 8.42 11.51 7.58 7.51 10.76 7.03 6.96 9.65 6.70 6.64 9.74 6.65 6.59 9.08 6.24 6.18 9.09 6.22 6.16 8.62 5.38 5.33 7.31 4.61 4.57 6.35 4.29 4.25 5.99
(cms) 20 30 50 80 100 200 (Q/A) A() L()3.64 3.63 4.52 9.39 9.31 12.18 8.37 8.30 11.38 7.76 7.69 10.21 7.40 7.34 10.30 7.35 7.28 9.61 6.90 6.83 9.61 6.87 6.81 9.12 5.94 5.89 7.74 5.10 5.05 6.72 4.74 4.70 6.34 4.07 4.05 4.85 10.49 10.41 13.07 9.36 9.29 12.20 8.68 8.60 10.95 8.28 8.21 11.04 8.22 8.15 10.31 7.71 7.65 10.31 7.68 7.62 9.78 6.65 6.59 8.30 5.70 5.65 7.21 5.30 5.26 6.80 4.46 4.44 5.13 11.52 11.43 13.83 10.28 10.20 12.90 9.52 9.45 11.59 9.09 9.02 11.67 9.02 8.95 10.91 8.47 8.40 10.90 8.43 8.37 10.35 7.30 7.24 8.79 6.26 6.21 7.63 5.82 5.78 7.19 4.65 4.63 5.28 12.02 11.93 14.23 10.73 10.64 13.28 9.94 9.86 11.92 9.49 9.41 12.01 9.42 9.34 11.22 8.84 8.77 11.21 8.80 8.74 10.65 7.61 7.56 9.04 6.53 6.48 7.85 6.08 6.03 7.40 5.24 5.22 5.72 13.56 13.46 15.39 12.11 12.02 14.35 11.22 11.14 12.90 10.71 10.63 12.98 10.63 10.55 12.14 9.98 9.90 12.12 9.94 9.87 11.52 8.60 8.53 9.78 7.37 7.32 8.49 6.86 6.81 8.00 36.0 35.9 41.0 35.2 35.0 41.7 35.0 34.8 43.4 35.0 34.7 42.0 35.0 34.7 44.3 35.0 34.7 41.7 34.9 34.7 44.3 34.9 34.7 42.3 34.9 34.7 41.5 34.9 34.7 42.0 34.9 34.7 42.5
HJ1 HJ2 HJ4 HJ5 2 HJ6 HJ7 HJ8 HJ9 HJ3
4 - 32
4.
4.1-11 () 2 HJ10 0.159 0.400 HJ11 0.107 0.400 HJ12 0.088 0.260 HJ13 0.070 0.260 HJ14 0.067 0.220 HJ15 0.048 0.220 CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS 3.92 3.89 5.30 2.64 2.62 3.68 2.17 2.15 2.99 1.73 1.71 2.50 1.65 1.64 2.26 1.18 1.17 1.63 4.33 4.29 5.61 2.92 2.89 3.90 2.40 2.38 3.16 1.91 1.89 2.64 1.83 1.81 2.39 1.31 1.30 1.73
20 30 (cms) 50 80 100 200 (Q/A) A() L()4.85 4.81 6.02 3.26 3.23 4.18 2.68 2.66 3.39 2.13 2.12 2.83 2.04 2.03 2.57 1.46 1.45 1.85 5.32 5.28 6.37 3.58 3.55 4.42 2.94 2.92 3.59 2.34 2.32 2.99 2.24 2.23 2.72 1.61 1.59 1.96 5.55 5.51 6.55 3.74 3.71 4.55 3.07 3.05 3.69 2.45 2.43 3.08 2.34 2.32 2.80 1.68 1.66 2.02 6.27 6.22 7.09 4.22 4.19 4.92 3.47 3.45 4.00 2.76 2.74 3.33 2.64 2.62 3.02 1.89 1.88 2.18 34.9 34.7 41.2 34.9 34.7 42.5 34.9 34.7 42.0 34.9 34.7 44.0 34.9 34.7 41.7 34.9 34.7 42.0
(2) (
)
, , , .
: 100 200 , 1 : 80 200 , 2 : 50 200 : 30~50 100
.
4 - 33
4. (
) , (), , , , . .
4.1-12
.
4.1-12 1 HJM0 HJ0 HJ1 HJ2 HJ3 HJ4 HJ5 HJ6 HJ7 2 HJ8 HJ9 HJ10 HJ11 HJ12 HJ13 HJ14 HJ15
(km2) () (m3/s) (m3/s) 0.129 100 4.65 4.65 0.341 100 12.02 12.02 0.306 100 10.73 10.73 0.284 100 9.94 9.94 0.271 100 9.49 9.49 0.269 100 9.42 9.42 0.253 100 8.84 8.84 0.252 100 8.80 8.80 0.218 100 7.61 7.61 0.187 100 6.53 6.53 0.174 100 6.08 6.08 0.159 100 5.55 5.55 0.107 100 3.74 3.74 0.088 100 3.07 3.07 0.070 100 2.45 2.45 0.067 100 2.34 2.34 0.048 100 1.68 1.68
4 - 34
4.
4.2 4.2.1 (Standard
Step
Method)
, 3
4.2-4
4.2-
.
.
, .
, .
. 4.2-6
System)
HEC-RAS(Hydrologic
Engineering
Center's
River
Analysis
,
HEC-RAS
.
(1) HEC-RAS HEC-RAS
.1
HEC-RAS
, , ,
. . .
Y1+ Z1+ 1
V 21 V 22 = Y2+ Z2+ 2 +he 2g 2g
4 - 35
4.
4.2-1 V2 a 1 2g
hehL = S f DXV22 2g
Sf W S
a
Y1 SO
Y2
Z1
Z2
,
Y1, Y2 Z1, Z2 V1, V21, 2g
:
(m) (m)
:
:
(=
-
)
:
, h e:
:
( h e ) . .
h e = LS f +C 1,L :
V 21 V 22 - 2 2g 2g
C :
Sf
:
.
L=, L lob , L ch , L rob
L lob Q lob + L ch Q ch + L rob Q rob Q lob + Q ch + Q rob
:
, ,
Q lob , Q ch , Q rob
:
, ,
4 - 36
4.
4.2.2 (1) 5
20m
, , .
(2) Manning
.
Manning
, , , , , ,
( ) . ,
. (2007, ) ( 4.2-1 ) (1999, ) ( 4.2-2 ) 4.2-3 .
, , .
4 - 37
4.
4.2-1 , , , , , , , , , , ) (2005,
(n) 0.0250.033 0.0300.040 0.0400.055 0.0300.050 0.040 0.0180.035 0.0250.040
,
Page 96)
4.2-2 1. 30m (1) 0.025 0.030 0.033 , 0.030 0.035 0.040 (pool) 0.033 0.040 0.045 0.035 0.045 0.050 0.040 0.048 0.055 , 0.045 0.050 0.060 0.050 0.070 0.080 0.075 0.100 0.150 (2) : , . , 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.040 0.050 0.070 2. 30m 30m . 0.025 0.060 0.035 0.100) ( ,1999. 11,
)
4 - 38
4.
4.2-3 1 2
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
4 - 39
4.
4.2.3 -
, ,
-
-
-
,
-
-
. ()
4.2-4
.
4.2-4 20 1 54.07 2 86.78 3 122.10 4 154.42 5 165.45 7 85.68 8 88.82 9 116.53 10 124.81
30 54.10 86.79 122.11 154.43 165.46 85.72 88.83 116.56 124.83
50 54.13 86.80 122.12 154.43 165.47 85.77 88.85 116.58 124.86
(EL.m) 80 100 54.16 54.17 86.80 86.81 122.13 122.13 154.44 154.45 165.48 165.48 85.81 85.83 88.85 88.86 116.61 116.63 124.88 124.89
200 54.22 86.81 122.14 154.48 165.50 85.89 88.88 116.66 124.93
4 - 40
4.
4.2.4 , , , . , , , , , . , .
(
)
B : (
B :
(m),
S
:
,
A :
(
)
(
300
-sec
)
10
(
)
(m),Q :
-sec),
A :
(
)
() .
. ( ) 10 20% . .
.
4 - 41
4.
.
4.2-5 4.2-5 .
.
A () L () (m3/s) (I-S) HJ0 0.341 0.10 HJ1 0.306 0.79 HJ3 0.271 0.71 1 HJ7 0.218 0.66 HJ9 0.174 0.45 HJ11 0.107 0.40 HJ13 0.070 0.26 HJ15 0.019 0.22 2 HJ4 0.016 0.19 3 HJ9 0.012 0.15 4 HJ12 0.018 0.21 5 HJ15 0.048 0.19 7 HJ3 0.013 0.15 8 HJ7 0.034 0.13 9 HJ9 0.013 0.19 10 HJ11 0.052 0.15 12.02 10.73 9.49 7.61 6.08 3.74 2.45 1.68 0.58 0.45 0.62 1.68 0.45 1.19 0.45 1.81 11.2 8.0 8.1 7.4 6.1 4.3 3.9 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.4 3.8 4.5 2.3 3.64 - 42
(m) 3.1 5.7 4.8 7.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 1.0 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.8 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.3 2.5 2 1 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.7 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0
4.
4.2.5 (1) (Standard
Step
Method)
4.2-4 . (20 , 30 , 50 , 80 , 100 , 200 )
4.2-3
, .
4.2-6
.
4.2-61 (EL.m) (NO.) 20 30 50 80 100 (m) 0+0.0 0.0 54.68 54.71 54.75 54.79 54.8 1+0.0 20.0 56.64 56.68 56.72 56.75 56.76 2+0.0 40.0 58.41 58.46 58.51 58.56 58.58 3+0.0 60.0 59.58 59.62 59.68 59.73 59.75 4+0.0 80.0 61.04 61.09 61.14 61.19 61.21 5+0.0 100.0 64.14 64.19 64.26 64.32 64.34 6+0.0 120.0 64.54 64.58 64.63 64.68 64.7 7+0.0 140.0 65.68 65.72 65.77 65.82 65.84 8+0.0 160.0 68.13 68.16 68.19 68.22 68.24 9+0.0 180.0 69.48 69.5 69.53 69.56 69.57 10+0.0 200.0 72.52 72.54 72.56 72.59 72.59 11+0.0 220.0 76.49 76.50 76.52 76.54 76.55 12+0.0 240.0 78.17 78.20 78.23 78.26 78.27 13+0.0 260.0 81.37 81.39 81.41 81.43 81.44
200 54.85 56.80 58.65 59.81 61.28 64.44 64.76 65.90 68.27 69.61 72.62 76.58 78.31 81.46
20 54.07 56.53 57.78 58.79 60.58 61.84 63.75 64.98 67.72 69.48 72.62 76.57 78.12 81.39
(EL.m) 30 50 80 100 54.10 54.13 54.16 54.17 56.56 56.59 56.63 56.64 57.81 57.84 57.87 57.89 58.82 58.85 58.88 58.90 60.61 60.65 60.67 60.69 61.87 61.90 61.94 61.95 63.79 63.82 63.86 63.87 65.01 65.04 65.07 65.09 67.74 67.78 67.81 67.83 69.51 69.54 69.57 69.59 72.65 72.68 72.71 72.73 76.60 76.64 76.66 76.68 78.15 78.19 78.21 78.23 81.42 81.45 81.47 81.49
200 54.22 56.68 57.93 58.94 60.74 61.99 63.91 65.13 67.88 69.63 72.77 76.72 78.27 81.54
4 - 43
4.
4.2-61() (EL.m) (EL.m) (NO.) 20 30 50 80 100 200 20 30 50 80 100 (m) 82.47 82.49 82.53 82.56 82.58 14+0.0 280.0 82.51 82.54 82.57 82.59 82.61 82.65 85.35 85.38 85.41 85.44 85.45 15+0.0 300.0 84.58 84.60 84.62 84.64 84.65 84.68 85.66 85.69 85.74 85.78 85.80 16+0.0 320.0 86.67 86.68 86.71 86.73 86.73 86.76 86.67 86.70 86.73 86.76 86.77 17+0.0 340.0 89.3 89.34 89.37 89.4 89.42 89.46 88.16 88.19 88.22 88.25 88.27 89.74 89.77 89.80 89.83 89.85 18+0.0 360.0 91.53 91.55 91.59 91.62 91.64 91.68 91.20 91.22 91.25 91.27 91.29 92.55 92.59 92.62 92.65 92.67 19+0.0 380.0 93.84 93.87 93.91 93.94 93.95 94 94.02 94.04 94.07 94.10 94.11 95.21 95.24 95.28 95.31 95.32 20+0.0 400.0 96.42 96.45 96.48 96.51 96.52 96.56 96.66 96.69 96.72 96.74 96.76 98.48 98.51 98.55 98.58 98.59 21+0.0 420.0 99.49 99.52 99.55 99.57 99.58 99.61 99.93 99.96 99.99 100.01 100.03 101.78 101.81 101.85 101.88 101.89 22+0.0 440.0 102.76 102.78 102.81 102.84 102.85 102.88 103.23 103.26 103.29 103.31 103.33 105.10 105.14 105.16 105.20 105.21 23+0.0 460.0 106.19 106.22 106.25 106.27 106.28 106.32 106.56 106.58 106.61 106.65 106.65 24+0.0 480.0 109.1 109.12 109.15 109.18 109.19 109.24 108.82 108.84 108.87 108.90 108.91 109.67 109.69 109.72 109.74 109.76 24+12.0 492.0 109.92 109.94 109.96 109.98 109.99 110.02 112.70 112.71 112.74 112.76 112.77 25+0.0 500.0 110.47 110.48 110.5 110.51 110.52 110.54 112.96 112.99 113.03 113.06 113.08 26+0.0 520.0 113.21 113.23 113.24 113.26 113.27 113.3 113.29 113.31 113.34 113.37 113.38 27+0.0 540.0 116.08 116.1 116.12 116.14 116.16 116.19 116.04 116.07 116.09 116.12 116.14 28+0.0 560.0 119.18 119.2 119.23 119.25 119.26 119.28 119.32 119.35 119.37 119.40 119.41 122.34 122.36 122.40 122.42 122.45 29+0.0 580.0 123.85 123.87 123.89 123.91 123.92 123.94 123.79 123.81 123.84 123.86 123.87 30+0.0 600.0 126.7 126.71 126.74 126.75 126.76 126.8 126.68 126.70 126.72 126.74 126.764 - 44
200 82.63 85.50 85.85 86.81 88.31 89.90 91.33 92.71 94.15 95.36 96.79 98.63 100.06 101.93 103.36 105.25 106.69 108.95 109.79 112.81 113.12 113.42 116.17 119.45 122.49 123.91 126.78
4.
4.2-61() (EL.m) (EL.m) (NO.) 20 30 50 80 100 200 20 30 50 80 100 (m) 31+0.0 620.0 131.49 131.51 131.54 131.56 131.57 131.61 131.30 131.32 131.34 131.36 131.38 135.75 135.76 135.78 135.79 135.80 32+0.0 640.0 136.38 136.4 136.42 136.44 136.45 136.47 137.24 137.25 137.27 137.29 137.29 33+0.0 660.0 140.34 140.36 140.38 140.4 140.41 140.44 140.21 140.23 140.25 140.27 140.29 34+0.0 680.0 143.85 143.87 143.89 143.9 143.92 143.95 143.78 143.80 143.82 143.84 143.86 35+0.0 700.0 149.4 149.42 149.43 149.44 149.45 149.48 148.58 148.60 148.63 148.64 148.66 152.29 152.30 152.32 152.33 152.34 35+16.0 716.0 153.53 153.54 153.55 153.57 153.58 153.60 153.79 153.80 153.82 153.82 153.83 36+0.0 720.0 154.56 154.57 154.58 154.6 154.61 154.63 154.39 154.40 154.43 154.44 154.45 37+0.0 740.0 159.24 159.25 159.28 159.29 159.3 159.32 159.14 159.16 159.18 159.20 159.20 162.36 162.36 162.38 162.39 162.40 37+16.0 756.0 163.55 163.56 163.58 163.59 163.60 163.62 164.85 164.86 164.87 164.88 164.89 38+0.0 760.0 164.63 164.64 164.66 164.67 164.67 164.69 165.45 165.46 165.47 165.48 165.48 171.12 171.14 171.14 171.16 171.17 39+0.0 780.0 173.06 173.07 173.08 173.09 173.09 173.1 172.60 172.61 172.63 172.64 172.65 40+0.0 800.0 179.01 179.02 179.03 179.04 179.05 179.06 178.33 178.34 178.36 178.37 178.38 41+0.0 820.0 184 184.02 184.03 184.04 184.03 184.05 184.07 184.09 184.10 184.11 184.11 42+0.0 840.0 191.76 191.77 191.78 191.79 191.79 191.81 191.74 191.76 191.77 191.78 191.78 43+0.0 860.0 198.52 198.53 198.54 198.55 198.55 198.57 198.41 198.43 198.44 198.45 198.45 44+0.0 880.0 205.79 205.8 205.81 205.82 205.83 205.84 205.69 205.71 205.72 205.73 205.73 45+0.0 900.0 214.15 214.16 214.16 214.17 214.17 214.18 214.15 214.16 214.16 214.17 214.17 46+0.0 920.0 223.03 223.03 223.04 223.04 223.04 223.05 223.03 223.03 223.04 223.04 223.04 47+0.0 940.0 230.69 230.7 230.7 230.71 230.72 230.73 230.69 230.70 230.70 230.71 230.72 48+0.0 960.0 240.15 240.16 240.16 240.16 240.17 240.17 240.15 240.16 240.16 240.16 240.17 49+0.0 980.0 250.14 250.14 250.15 250.15 250.16 250.16 250.14 250.14 250.15 250.15 250.16 49+8.1 988.1 254.67 254.68 254.69 254.69 254.69 254.7 254.67 254.68 254.69 254.69 254.69
200 131.40 135.82 137.31 140.31 143.88 148.68 152.37 153.85 154.48 159.22 162.41 164.91 165.50 171.19 172.66 178.39 184.14 191.81 198.48 205.76 214.18 223.05 230.73 240.17 250.16 254.70
4 - 45
4.
(2)
4.2-7
(m) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
.
4.2-311 0 + 0.0 1 + 0.0 2 + 0.0 3 + 0.0 4 + 0.0 5 + 0.0 6 + 0.0 7 + 0.0 8 + 0.0 9 + 0.0 10 + 0.0 11 + 0.0 12 + 0.0 13 + 0.0 14 + 0.0 15 + 0.0 16 + 0.0 17 + 0.0 18 + 0.0 19 20 21 + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0 320.0 340.0 360.0 380.0 400.0 420.0
(/s) 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 9.49 9.49 9.49 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.614 - 46
(EL.m) 54.17 56.64 57.89 58.90 60.69 61.95 63.87 65.09 67.83 69.59 72.73 76.68 78.23 81.49 82.58 85.45 85.80 86.77 88.27 89.85 91.29 92.67 94.11 95.32 96.76 98.59 100.03
4.
4.2-311() 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 41 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440.0 460.0 480.0 492.0 500.0 520.0 540.0 560.0 580.0 600.0 620.0 640.0 660.0 680.0 700.0 716.0 720.0 740.0 756.0 760.0 780.0 800.0 820.0
(/s) 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 7.61 6.08 6.08 6.08 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 3.74 2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68
(EL.m) 101.89 103.33 105.21 106.65 108.91 109.76 112.77 113.08 113.38 116.14 119.41 122.45 123.87 126.76 131.38 135.80 137.29 140.29 143.86 148.66 152.34 153.83 154.45 159.20 162.40 164.89 165.48 171.17 172.65 178.38 184.11
(m) 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
4 - 47
4.
4.2-311() 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 + + + + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 840.0 860.0 880.0 900.0 920.0 940.0 960.0 980.0 988.1
(/s) 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 (/s) 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58
(EL.m) 191.78 198.45 205.73 214.17 223.04 230.72 240.17 250.16 254.69 (EL.m) 86.81 88.31 91.21 92.70 96.17 97.67 101.04 102.53 106.30 107.80 112.91 122.14 130.34 140.98 152.22 159.13
(m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 (m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
4.2-322 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 + + + + + + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 189.0
4 - 48
4.
4.2-323 0 + 0.0 1 + 0.0 2 + 0.0 3 + 0.0 4 + 0.0 5 + 0.0 6 + 0.0 7 + 0.0 7 + 12.8
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 152.8
(/s) 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 (/s) 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.624 - 49
(EL.m) 122.13 129.32 136.71 144.54 152.13 160.77 162.24 170.55 172.02 180.97 182.44 191.28 (EL.m) 154.45 157.86 159.34 162.73 164.19 170.36 171.82 178.16 179.62 186.72 194.78 207.43 216.34 226.71 238.39 251.34 258.30
(m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 (m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 -
4.2-334 0 + 0.0 0.0 0 + 10.0 10.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 + + + + + + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 209.0
4.
4.2-345 0 + 0.0 0 + 10.0 0 + 18.0 1 + 0.0 2 + 0.0 2 + 8.0 3 + 0.0 4 + 0.0 5 + 0.0 5 + 9.0 6 + 0.0 7 + 0.0 8 + 0.0 9 + 0.0 9 + 10.8 4.2-357 0 + 0.0 1 + 0.0 1 + 5.0 2 + 0.0 2 + 9.0 3 + 0.0 4 + 0.0 5 + 0.0 6 + 0.0 7 + 0.0 7 + 12.3
0.0 10.0 18.0 20.0 40.0 48.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 109.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 190.8 0.0 20.0 25.0 40.0 49.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 152.3
(/s) 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 (/s) 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.454 - 50
(EL.m) 165.48 167.68 169.17 172.15 173.64 174.12 179.79 182.05 183.51 186.65 191.17 192.65 196.76 198.67 200.15 203.27 213.54 224.26 234.62 243.54 (EL.m) 85.83 85.82 85.83 86.99 90.13 91.01 92.51 95.10 96.59 100.38 101.87 105.43 111.75 118.39 123.64
(m) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 (m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
4.
4.2-368 0 + 0.0 0.0 1 + 0.0 20.0 2 3 4 5 6 6 + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 131.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 104.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 185.6
(/s) 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 (/s) 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
(EL.m) 88.86 91.82 93.31 95.74 97.22 99.97 101.45 104.34 109.77 115.01 117.81 (EL.m) 116.63 119.35 120.83 124.97 131.15 137.61 146.15 147.75 149.23 159.30 170.64 182.27 191.95 196.20
(m) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 (m) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 -
4.2-379 0 + 0.0 1 + 0.0 2 + 0.0 3 + 0.0 4 + 0.0 5 + 0.0 5 + 4.0 6 + 0.0 7 + 0.0 8 + 0.0 9 + 0.0 9 + 5.6
4 - 51
4.
4.2-3810 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 + + + + + + + + + + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 104.0 120.0 140.0 148.6
(/s) 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81
(EL.m) 124.89 128.31 131.99 137.55 142.91 146.93 147.79 149.27 154.15 155.62 162.00 163.47 166.03
(m) 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
4 - 52
5. 5. 5.1 , ,
5.
5. 5.1 , , .
(1) . ) , , , , , , , , , . .
(
, , ) (
(
10%
20%
)
(
) , ,
5 - 1
5. , , ,
(2) , , , , , , .(
) , , .
(
)
(
) .
(3) (
) , , , , , . ) , , , .
(
5 - 2
5. , , , , , .
5 - 3
5.
5.1-1(1/2)
5.1-2(2/2)
5 - 4
6. 6.6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
6.
6. 6.1 . , ( ) .
6.2 .
-
(3.0
)
, , (3.0
-
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6 - 1
6.
6.3 , . .
6.3-1
6.3-1 1 0+50() (9) 2 6+70() (1) (1) 8+008+50 3 6+00 (1) (STA.) (m) ( ) (m)
196.07 255.04 255.04 17.86 - 2
32 30 24 37
204.86 990.25 990.25 990.25
6.
6.4 6.4.1 (1) (Varnes, 1978)
6.4-1
(, , ) (, ) ( ) Glacial rebound (slope toe) (, fluvial erosion) (slope toe) (, wave erosion) (lateral margin) (, (piping)) (crest) (, ) - ( ) -
(crest) () 6 - 3
6.
6.4.2 (1) (
) (Falls)-
,
.(
) (Slides)-
.-
()
:
,
.-
:
.:
-
.-
:
.(
) (Flows)-
, . , Creep
-
.
6.4-2 (Varnes, 1878) (Falls) (Slides) (Flows)
6 - 4
6.
6.4.3 , (Circular (WedgeFailure) Failure),
(Planar
Failure),
(Toppling
Failure)
.
(1) (Circular Failure)-
, .
(2) (Planar Failure)-
,
.
(3) (Wedge Failure)-
, .
(4) (Toppling Failure)-
.
6.4-3 (Hoek & Bray, 1977)
6 - 5
6.
6.5 6.5.1 (1) -
TCR, RQD
, .-
,
.
6.5-1 (m)
5m (, ) 05m () 5m 05m 5m 05m 5m 05m ( ) (NX ) TCR(%)
1 : 1.5 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.0 1 : 0.5
1 : 1.5 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.0 1 : 1.0 1 : 0.7
1 : 1.5 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.0 1 : 0.5
1 : 1.5 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.0 1 : 1.0 1 : 0.8 1 : 0.8 1 : 0.5
6.5-2 (, 2009) RQD(%)
20% 10% 1:1.0 H=5m 20m (5%) (0%) 1:1.2 1m 3m 2040% 1025% 1:0.8 (1030%) (010%) ( ) 1:1.0 H=10m 4060% 2550% 1:0.7 12m (3050%) (1040%) () 60% 50% 1:0.5 H=20m (50%) (40%) ( ) 3m6 - 6
6.
6.5-3
: 5m 1m, 5% : 7.5m : 20m 3m
: 5m 1m : 5m 1m : 20m 3m 5m 11.5m, 10m 1.5m 510m 11.5m, 510% 6.5-4
5m 5m
1 : 1.2 1 : 1.5 1 : 1.0 1 : 0.5
5.0m 1m 5.0m 1m 20.0m 3m
() ()6.5.2 (1)
1
,
. .
(2009) .
6 - 7
6.
6.5-5 ( , 2009)
Fs > 1.5 Fs > 1.2 Fs > 1.3 Fs > 1.1 Fs > 1.0
- - 1/2 , . (Fs=1.2) - (Fs=1.3) - 1 - - - 1
- : 0.1 - : 0.05 - 1, 2 : - FS < 1.0 1.0(2) (2009) , .
6.5-6
Fs > 1.2 Fs > 1.3
(2009)
6 - 8
6.
6.6 6.6.1 . .
6.6.2 . , , . . . . , . .
6.6-1 Overall Moment Equilibrium MethodFellenius Method, Sliding Wedge Method, Janbu Method Simplified Bishop Method = 0 Method Logarithmic Spiral Method
Equilibrium Method
Moment and Force Equilibrium Method Seed and Morgenstern and Sultan Price Method Method Spencer Method
Force
Element Method
Finitet
Probabilistic Method
6 - 9
6. Bishop
, .
6.6-2Bishop
: Fs =
n=p
1 (c b n + W n tan + T tan ) m ( n)n=p n=0
W n sin n
, m ( n) = cos n+Wn :
tan
sin nFs
(kN/m3)c :
b
:
(deg), (m),
(kPa) (deg)
:
:
6 - 10
6.
6.6.3 , , , , . (11.94mm/hr) , 48
.
.
6.6.4 , , . GEO-SLOPE
SEEP/W
,
, .
6.6.5 .
6.6-1
STABR TALREN-97 SLIDE SLOPE/W PC-SLOPE UTEXAS STABL
Bishop Fellenius Bishop Fellenius Janbu Spencer Bishop Fellenius Bishop Fellenius Janbu Spencer Ordinary GLE Bishop Fellenius Janbu Spencer Ordinary Bishop
Fellenius Janbu Spencer
, , Block , , , Block , , Block , , Block , , Block6 - 11
6. Block
SLOPE/W
,
, .
, , , , , , , (UlitmateState Soil Nailing
Limit)
. (Janbu,Spencer Simplified Bishop, Ordinary,
) .
6.7 6.7.1 , (
) (Stereographic
Projection
Method)
. , .(UDEC)
6.7-1
, - UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) 6 - 12
6.
6.7.2 Friction Cone, Toppling Envelope Stereonet
,
Daylight
Envelope,
, 6
6.7-1
Pole
.Daylight
:
:
Daylight
:
Toppling
Daylight
:
Daylight
:
Toppling
Envelope
6
2
3
,
3
3
3
4
. . 6 - 13
Toppling
6
6.
6.7.3 , , , (Safety Factor)
.Coulomb
(c)
=
c
+
tan ,
() .
,
sin tan F . Wsin cos
,
A
:
Z
:
H
:
pU
:
W
:
:
V
:
.
6.7-2
< (a) >
6 - 14
6.
< (b) >
< (c) >
.
, . , Zw
.
W, U V . .
.
, .A H Z cosec wZ w H Z cosec p U wZ w V
.
(a)
H Z H cot p cot f W
(b)
H Z H cot p cot ptan f W
(c)
.
w H w cosec p U
, V =
0
6 - 15
6. , W
, .
U
, .
6.7.4 (DistinctElement Method)
, (quasi-static) Cundall(1971)
.
. , .
Coulomb Model
. dilation
,
scale
effect(
, ) .
Barton-Bandis
Model
, . effect dilation
,
scale
,
:
:
JCS(Joint
Compressive
Strenght),
3
r
,
:
JRC(Joint
Roughness
Coefficient)
Parameter
.
6 - 16
6.
6.8 6.8.1 , , .
(1) , (), . 100
(11.94mm/hr)
, .
-
:
Bishop
100
(11.94mm/hr)
-
:
), )
-
: SEEP/W(
SLPOE/W(
(2) , . .
6.8-1 () (kN/m 3)
17.0 18.5 24.0 25.0
(kPa)
3.0 14.0 300 600
() (MPa)
28 30 35 39
1,000 6,000
0.28 0.24
(cm/sec)
1.410-3 8.310-4 5.010-5 2.010-5
6 - 17
6.
6.8.2 (1) () , .
(2)
6.8-1 1 : 1.8
6.8-2
1 : 1.8 1 : 1.5 1 : 1.2 1 : 1.0
1.331 1.207 1.061 0.887
OK
1.2
OK NG NG
,
1
:
1.5
, .
6 - 18
6.
6.8.3 2 1 : 1.5
, ()
1
, .
(1)
6.8-2
6.8-3 1 0+50() (9) 2 6+70() (1) 8+008+50 (1) (STA.) (m) ( ) (m)
196.07 255.04 255.046 - 19
32 30 24
204.86 990.25 990.25
6.
(2) 1(STA.0+50,) (
)
6.8-3
(
) 100
(11.94mm/hr)
48
, .
6.8-4 48
,
100
48
.
6 - 20
6. (
) , .
6.8-5 100
FS = 1.324 1.2 OK .
FS = 1.537 1.3 OK
(3) 2(STA.6+70,) (
)
6.8-6 170 169 168 167 166 165 164 163 162 161 160 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 148 147 146 145 144 143 142 0 2 4
Elevation(m)
(
)
6 - 21
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Distance(m)
6. (
) 100
(11.94mm/hr)
48
, .
6.8-7 48
,
100
48
.
(
) , .
6.8-8 () 100
FS = 1.320 1.2 OK . 6 - 22
FS = 1.469 1.3 OK
6.
(4) (
)
6.8-9
(
) 100
(11.94mm/hr)
48
, .
6.8-10 48
,
100
48
.
6 - 23
6. (
) , .
6.8-11 100
FS = 1.614 1.2 OK .
FS = 1.800 1.3 OK
(5)
6.8-4
() STA.6+70 ()
STA.0+50
1.324 1.537 1.320 1.469 1.614 1.800
1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3
OK OK OK OK OK OK
100
, . , .
6 - 24
6.
6.8.4 , .
(1)
6.8-12 ( )
, , , .
6 - 25
6.
6.9 , (
) (Stereographic
Projection
Method)
. (UDEC) .
6.9.1 (1) , (Pole , (GreatCircle Method) Method) 1
.
, Program DIPS
.
6.9-1
6 - 26
6.
(2)
6.9-2 STA.6+00()/
6.9-3 STA.6+00()/
, .
6.9.2 (UDEC) (1) . , . 6 - 27
6.
(2)
6.9-1
(JRC) (JCS)
12
87
(kPa)
25
32
(MPa/mm) (MPa/mm)
15
0.7
(3)
6.9-4 STA.6+00
17.0mm
6.9-5 STA.6+00
0.39mm 17.0mm,
0.39mm
, ,
. , . 6 - 28
6.
6.10 6.10.1 , , , .
6.10.2 (1) .
6.10-1 i
- E = 1 m vi - E 2 )WH - E = ( 1 + )( 1 - tan -v= ( v +v ) v : (Rn) : : v : (Rt) : E : I : : - - - (RocFall Program) 1 1 E total = m v 2+ I = m gH 2 2i 2 friction i ni 2 ti 2
(RocFall Program)
ni
ti
friction
(2) (RocFall)RocFall
. (Rn), (Rt)
. , , , .
6 - 29
6.
(3)
6.10-2 (4)
500kg
6.10-3
- v = 2 g ( sin - tan cos ) l ( g : : / ) - , - : 1.0~3.0 m/sec (Rock Slope Stability Analysis, 1988)
(5) (Bounding)
. , .
6.10-4 (Coefficients of Restitution) (Rn) (Rt)
Bedrock
0.50 0.35 0.30 0.256 - 30
0.95 0.85 0.70 0.55
covered by Large Blocks Debris Formed by Uniform Distributed Elements Soil Covered by Vegetation
Bedrock
6.
6.10.3 , .Monte-Carlo Simulation 50m
RocFall
.
(1)
6.10-5 (m/s) (m) (kg)
STA.0+00 ~ STA.4+90()
3.0
1.5
500
(2)
6.10-1 (RocFall) (RocFall)
0.1m
80 kJ 0.1m
80kJ
. , .
6 - 31
6.
6.11 6.11.1 (1) . .
6.11-1
(2) (
) (Sliding) S.F
f V + L HS.F :
(1.5)
,
() (
f :
tan
B
tan(
))
V H
:
, ,
kN
:
kN
:
() ,m
L :
(
) (Overturning) S.F
Mr Mo
(2.0)
6 - 32
6. ,Mr :
,
kN m, Mo :
,
kN m
(
) (Bearinge 1.2 Fs > 1.3 100 (2)
(3) ( )
(4)
- Fs = 6.79 > 1.5 - Fs = 6.85 > 2.0 - Fs = 39.34 > 2.5 1 - 4
1.
1.4.4 ()
1.4-1
1 - 5
2. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3
2.
2. 2.1. 2.1.1 (1)
2.1-1 . 300m , .(2)
, - . , . , , , .()
, , , , , . , ,
2.1-1
.
, . , . 1.0
. .
2 - 1
2.
2.1-1
1 2 3()
SD0 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 SD5 SD6 SD7 SD8 SD9 SD10 SDM0 SDM1 SDM2 SDM3 SDM4 SO0 SO1 SM0 SM1 SM2
A(km2)
0.676 0.632 0.410 0.388 0.263 0.177 0.099 0.098 0.091 0.074 0.047 0.222 0.215 0.134 0.069 0.046 0.125 0.060 0.078 0.048 0.035
L(km)
1.040 0.920 0.920 0.790 0.790 0.340 0.340 0.300 0.300 0.230 0.230 0.760 0.700 0.700 0.250 0.250 0.430 0.150 0.320 0.230 0.230
(A/L)
0.650 0.687 0.446 0.491 0.333 0.521 0.291 0.327 0.303 0.322 0.204 0.292 0.307 0.191 0.276 0.184 0.291 0.400 0.244 0.209 0.152
(A/L2)
0.625 0.747 0.484 0.622 0.421 1.531 0.856 1.089 1.011 1.399 0.888 0.384 0.439 0.273 1.104 0.736 0.676 2.667 0.762 0.907 0.662
) , . GIS TOOL(ArcView)
)
2.1-2 .
, . . GIS TOOL(ArcView) , 2.1-2 . 2 - 2
2.
2.1-2 SD0
(EL.m)159.27
(%)22.01
2.1-1
2.1.2. (1) ()
, , . . , , .2004 7 23
.
. , . , . , . . EL.159.27m,
22.01%
.
2 - 3
2. ()
(BCEbngn) .()
1:25,000 SCS
,
TYPE
, 4 A
.Arc, ArD, SNE2, SRF2
SCS
SCS( NRCS) Agriculture)
Department of SCS
(U.S.
2.1-4
. , , , , , , SCS
A, B, C, D
SCS
. (2007) , , , , , Kaoline
, SCS ,
2.1-6
A, B, C, D
.
2.1-5
,
2.1-3
(2007) .
2 - 4
2.
2.1-3SCS (
(Low Runoff Potential) 7.62-11.43 TYPE A , (0.30.45inch) (High Infitration Rate) (Moderate 3.81-7.62 TYPE B , Infitration Rate) (0.150.30inch) 1.27-3.81 TYPE C , , (0.050.15inch) Potential), 0-1.27 TYPE D (High Runoff , (00.05inch) 2.1-4 SCS TYPE ( B C
/h)
1 2
0.043 0.019 0.064 0.086 0.001 0.030 0.013 0.035 0.007 0.017 0.027 0.007 0.081 0.065 0.023 0.046 0.027 0.047
A
)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.001 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D
) 0.044 0.022 0.060 0.086 0.001 0.030 0.013 0.035 0.007 0.017 0.027 0.007 0.081 0.065 0.023 0.046 0.027 0.047(
2 - 5
2.
2.1-5
Arc, TYPE A SNE2, ArD, SRF22.1.3 (1) ()
, , , , , , ,
, 4, ,
0.676km ,
2
1.04km
0.65, 0.625
, EL.159.27m, 22.01%
. .
2.1-6 (km) (EL.m) (%)
0.65
0.625
159.27
22.01
2 - 6
2.
2.2 2.2.1 , , .
(1) , , 51 1907
.
2.2-1
2.2-1
.
2.2-1
1265756.84 3734 17.08 1907-10 50 1263729.64 3728 39.36 1904-08 1265915.47 3716 12.09 1964-01 47
2 - 7
2.
2.2-1
2 - 8
2.
2.3 2.3.1 (1) 6
9
. () . , . 20 8 2/3
10(2000
2009)
2.3-1
.
2.3-1
2002 2003 2006 1998 1999 1990 1987 1995 1987 1996 1989 1991 1998 2000
8.309. 1 9.119.13 7. 97.29 7.318.18 7.238. 4 9. 99.12 7.157.16 8.198.30 7.217.23 7.267.28 7.257.27 8.228.26 9.2910.1 8.239. 1
(RUSA) (MAMI) (EWINIAR) (OLGA) (THELMA) (GLADYS) (YANNI) (PRAPIROON)
,, , , () , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
(, () () )
63,085 10,975
246 131 62 324 67 163 345 65 167 29 128 103 57 28
6,322,304 5,073,388 2,016,235 1,519,022 1,304,246 890,060 726,883 668,406 612,084 606,306 524,541 385,058 334,613 307,168
2,790 24,531 25,327 187,265 99,516 24,146 50,472 16,933 54,041 20,757 4,827 1,927
) 2. :2009 2009(, ) 1. 2 - 9
2.
2.3-1
2 - 10
2. ()
(RUSA,
2002. 8. 27
(RUSA) 88 31 23
9. 1)
9
1,800km
950hPa
3 36m
, [] []
, . 27
29
.
. 30
50m
871.0mm
. 8 30 17
330km
. 831 18
, .()
(MAMI,
2003. 9. 11
96
9.13)
14
412mm
2003
3 11 400Km
9910hPa
9 ,
9
.12
12
6 13
8
2 - 11
230
2. .
9 11
10
11 13
450mm
. 47.0mm
400mm 452.5mm,
79.5mm
. 271.1mm,
104.0mm
256.5mm,
178.0mm,
164.5mm, 412.0mm,
AWS()
403.0mm
.
m/s
60 m/s
60 m/s
(1904)35.1
2000 831 58.3 m/s
.
, , 30940hPa 28C
.
, . 40 m/sec 950hPa
, 330km
15 m/sec
.
2 - 12
2. ()
2011 7 27
.
2011 7 27
2011 7
2011 27
68.5mm,
281.0mm
, 352.0mm
(2001 7
27)
90
80.5mm,
.
60ha
.
2.3-2
( : mm)11 23 12 24
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
2011 7.27 0.0 16.5 13.0 19.0 11.5 20.0 30.5 62.5 68.5 13.0 2.0 2.5 68.5 281.0 17.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 17.5 29.0 19.5 27.5 32.5 86.5 80.5 6.5 3.5 7.5 2011 7.27 86.5 352.0 8.0 2.5 2.0 7.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.3-3
2 - 13
3. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
3.
3. 3.1 3.1.1 , .
3.1.2
3.1-1
3 - 1
3.
3.1.3 , .
3.1-2 3.1.4
1 1 4 2 1 2 2
3.1-3
3.1.5
2011. 9. 2 2011. 9. 6 2011. 9. 7 2011. 9. 20 2011. 9. 20 2011. 9. 24 2011. 9. 14 2011. 9. 27 2011. 9. 24 2011. 10. 10
3.1-4 OP-300 KS F 2309 KS F 2343
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , Split spoon sampler , Sand cone, , , , , ,
3 - 2
3.
3.2 3.2.1 (Orientation), (Spacing), (Joint
Aperture), (Joint Surface Roughness), (Persistence), ,
, Clinometer, Brunton Compass, Profile Gauge Geological Hammer .
3.2-1 (a) Clinometer
(b) Profile Gauge
(1) (Orientation) , , Clino-rule, 50m . .
3.2-2
3 - 3
3.
(2) (Spacing) . . , (flow) .
. . , , . .
3.2-1 (ISRM) Extremely Close Very Close Close Moderate(3) (Persistence) . . , , .
(mm)
< 20 2060 60200 200600
(mm)
Wide 6002,000 Very Wide 2,0006,000 Extremely > 6,000 Wide
3.2-2 (ISRM) (ISRM)
Very Low Low Medium
< 1m 1 3m 3 10m3 - 4
(ISRM)
High Very High
10 20m > 20m
3.
(4) (Roughness) (Uneveness) (Waviness) .
, . . . . , . Profile Gauge .
3.2-3 JRC< > < JRC >
Planar Stepped
Rough
,
Smooth , Slickensided , Rough ,
Undulating Smooth , Slickensided , Rough Smooth Slickensided , , , 3 - 5
3.
3.2-3
(5) (Wall Strength) , ( ) . . . Index , Schmidt hammer, . , Manual Index Test Schmidt hammer .
3.2-4Manual Index Test
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Extremely Weak Very Weak Weak Medium Strong Strong Very Strong Extremely Strong
1 1 3 - 6
(kgf/cm 2)
2.5 10 10 50 50 250 250 500 500 1,000 1,000 2,500 > 2,500
3.
(6) (Aperture) , . . . , . , .
3.2-5
< 0.1mm Very Tight 0.10.25mm Tight 0.250.5mm Partly Open Open 0.52.5mm Moderately 2.510mm Wide > 10mm Wide(7) (Filling)
Closed Features () Gapped Features ()
110cm 10100cm > 1m
Very Wide Extremely Wide Cavernous Open Features ()
, . , , , , , . (, , )
3 - 7
3. . .
(8) (Number of Sets) .
(9) (Size of Block) , , , . . , Arching Interlocking . (, Block Size Index, Ib) , (Volumetric Joint Count, Jv) .
3.2-6 (mm) (mm)
(massive) (Blocky) (Tabular)
(Columnar)
(Irregular) 3 - 8
(Crushed)
3.
3.2.2 (1) , , , TCR RQD 1
. (Rotary Wash Type) , NX .
3.2-4
(2) , Slime 24 . , . 3 - 9
3.
3.2.3 (1) , (KS F 2307) 1.0m .
3.2-5
N value = blows/30cm, 50blows/cm , , , , , , , , . Rod 63.5 0.5kg 76 1cm 30cm 15cm 45cm
. 15cm 30cm (N) . 50 30cm 50
3 - 10
3. . , , N .
3.2-7N ( ) ( ) (Dr), () N (qu), (cu) (2) 2 . 1.0m KS F 2311 , . (Ring
Sampling) .
3.2-8
() , 3 - 11
3.
(3) .
3.2-9
() 0.05 0.1m ( ) 200mm disc main cylinder tube , main cylinder disc main cylinder main cylinder ()
Q = r 2 k sat exp( h ) 1 + 4 r
Critical : Critical : 2 Wetting band Method , Q : k: (cm/hr) r : (cm) : (cm-1)
[
]
3.2-6-
3 - 12
3.
(4) 1 , Casing Casing Casing (, FallingHead Test) .
3.2-10
(Falling Head Test) Casing Hvorslev . . 2 h K = 2L( Tr - T ) ln ( L ) ln h 1 r 2 1 2 . Casing , K : (cm/sec) . r : (cm) Casing L : (cm) 10, 1, 2, 3, h : T (cm) 4, 5 . h : T (cm)
( )
1 2
1 2
3.2-7
3 - 13
3.
3.2.4 (1) , KSF , ASTM . (Unified Soil Classification System : U.S.C.S) ,
, .()
3.2-11
110() #200
Consistency () ,
()
3.2-12
(KOREA INDUSTRIAL STANDARD)
KS F 2306 KS F 2309 KS F 2302 KS F 2308 KS F 2303 KS F 2304
3 - 14
3. ()
KS F 2306 1005C KS F 2308 4 KS F 2302 0.075mm(No.200) KS F 2303 KS F 2304 3mm KS F 2302 0.075mm(No.200) ()
3.2-13
KSF 2306 2 KSF 2309 2 KSF 2308 2 KSF 2303 2 KSF 2302 2 KSF 2303 2 3 - 15
3.
3.2-8
(2) (, ) , KS F2343 .()
, P A S A . 3, 4 , Mohr-Coulomb
3.2-9
3 - 16
3.
3.2.5 (1)
, . 1) , 2) , 3) ( ) .
(2)
3.2-14 1
2
3
() - , - - (+) 5m 1m () - - PVC Pipe - (+) 5m (3)
3.2-15 . , .3 - 17
3.
3.2.6 (1) ()
(USCS), AASHTO, FAA . , .
3.2-16
(Sand) (Silty . Sand) (Sandy Silt) 80% (Silt) (Clay) , . 3 - 18
3.
3.2-17
Cu = D60/D10 : 4 GW , Cg =(D30)2/D10D60 : 13 GP GW No.4 . , (No.200 GM , , ) A 50% , PI7 -. 5% : GW, = / D10 SW SP GP, SW, CCgu =(DD602/D10D60: 6 : 13 30) 50% No.4 -. 12% : SW SP GM, GC, SM, A 50% SM SC 512% : PI7 , ML , , , CL , , , (LL < 50) . No. OL 200 , , MH , 50% (LL > 50) CH , OH , Pt : KS F 2430 3 - 19
3. ()
N (Relative Density), (Consistency) , , . (, , , ) () () . .
3.2-18 (%)
0 10 10 30 30 70 70 .
(Dry) (Moist) (Wet) (Saturated)
, ,
3.2-19 N (kg/cm 2)
2 24 48 8 15 15 30 30
0.25 0.25 0.50 0.50 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0
(emax) (emin) (e) , N Peck .
3.2-20 N
Dr = e e max - e max - e min
( ) Peck Meyerhof
0 4 4 10 10 30 30 50 50
0.00.2 0.20.4 0.40.6 0.60.8 0.81.03 - 20
28.5 28.5 30 30 36 36 41 41
30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45
3.
(2) ()
, , , , .
3.2-21
R.Q.D, T.C.R Core RQD RMR ()
. ( , Era), ( ,Period), ( , Age) , 1
, , 3 , , .
: (Granite), (Diorite), (Gabbro) : (Rhyorite), (Andesite), (Basalt) : (Conglomererate), (Breccia), (Sandstone), (Shale), (Mudstone) : (Limestone), (Dolomite), (Chert) : (Phyllite), (Schist), (Gneiss) : Hornfels : Mylonite3 - 21
3. ()
, , 3 .
3.2-22 TCR:2040%, RQD: 70%, RQD : >50% , , () Js : 20cm50cm () : 2 13001600kg/cm : (- ) 3.2-23
5001,000g
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3 - 22
A
B
3.
Metal Crown Bit . . . Metal Crown Bit () 5cm , , , Metal Crown Bit 10cm , . Diamond bit 5cm . . 10cm Diamond bit 20cm. . 515cm, 1m 56 , Open Diamond bit 2050cm 1m 56 : P133, 3 - 23
3.2-24
(km/sec)
1.2
1.22.5
2.53.5
3.54.5
4.5
3.
3.2-25
(N) 50/10 50/10 TCR10%, TCR5%, RQD=0% RQD=010% BX TCR25%, NX TCR20%, RQD=0% RQD10% A 700m/sec 7001,200m/sec 1,200m/sec B 1,000m/sec 1,0001,800m/sec 1,800m/sec ( ) 3.2-26 , 3 , , , , , , , , , () , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 125 125400 400800 1,200 8001,200 (kgf/cm2) 1,800 , , , Foliation 3 - 24
3. () (KS F 2530)
3.2-27 (kgf/cm 2)
()
500 500 100 100
5 5 15 15
(%)
2.7 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0
()
3.2-28
TCR : 2040%, RQD : < 25% Js : 620cm () : 7001,000 kgf/cm2 TCR : 4070%, RQD : 2550% Js : 1530cm () : 1,0001,300 kgf/cm2 TCR : > 70%, RQD : > 50% Js : 2050cm () : 1,3001,600 kgf/cm2
, () 12 , ( ) 23 , ()
3 - 25
3. ()
, , . , , , RQD , . TCR RQD .
RQD(Rock Quality Designation)
, NX (Borehole) Core .cm Core RQ D Bore Hole
3.2-29
R Q D (%) 90 Very good()
7590 good
5075 Fair
2550 Poor
25 Very Poor
ISRM() , (
), .
(Joint) ,
3.2-30
.
F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
5cm 510cm 1020cm 20100cm 100cm
3 - 26
(Highly Fractured) (Fractured) (Moderately Fractured) (Slightly Fractured) (Massive)
3.
3.2-31
D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
, ,
3.2-32
S5 S4 S3 S4 S1
1 12
3 - 27
3.
3.3 3.3.1 , , , - 1987 .
3.3-1
(1) (632.0m), (555.0m) - . (615.4m) (283.0m), (290m), (275m), (327m) , 100 .
(2) , , . . 3 - 28
3.
3.3.2
3.3-2
(1) . , , , , , , . . , , 4 . , , , .
3 - 29
3.
(2) .
(4)
Qa Kad Jgr
--- ----- --PCagn PCggn --- --PClgn PCfgn PCbngn
3 - 30
3.
3.4 3.4.1 (1) ()
3.4-1
() (, ) (,) Contour Diagram Rose Diagram
()
3.4-2
N5090E , 4570 3 - 31
3.
(2) ()
3.4-3
Contour Diagram Rose Diagram
()
J1 : 64/048, J2 : 73/276, J3 : 62/150, J4 : 80/231 N3050W J1 J2 J3 J4
3.4-4 , / 64/048 73/276 62/150 80/231 Fisher's K 60.95 72.55 66.18 183.22 (cm) 520 1020 2050 3060 (mm) 0.52.0 0.12.0 0.52.0 1.01.5 (m) 1.010.0 0.55.0 3.08.0 2.06.0 / / / / (JCS) (816) (1014) (612) (612) 1219 1067 59299 1228 (MPa) 4 / 64/048, 73/276, 62/150, 80/231 , / / , 3 - 32
3.
3.4.2 (1) () NX size 1
, , , .
.( )
()
3.4-5
BH-5
0.02.8 (2.8)
2.83.7 (0.9)
(m)
3.74.3 (0.6)
4.37.3 (3.0)
(m)
7.3
()
2.8m . 50cm , N 19/30 45/30
.
(Compeletely Weathered) 0.9m
N 50/15 .
(Highly Weathered) (Compeletely Weathered) GL-3.7m 0.6m . ,
, N 50/10 .
GL-4.3m . (TCR)
100% (RQD) 57% .
3 - 33
3. (2)
. ( ) , .
3.4-6 (EL,m) (GL,-m) (EL,m)
BH-5
85.2
3.5
81.7
GL-3.5m EL EL+81.7m , .
3.4.3 (1) (, ) 1.0m , .
3.4-7 N-Value / N
SM 19/30 45/30 SM 50/15 50/6
19/3045/30, 50/15, 50/6 50/10 . N .3 - 34
3.
(2) 2 . .
3.4-8 (m)
15.29 15.09 12.85 1.17 TP-1 1.0 17.96 TP-2 1.0 16.70 14.54 14.66 12.76 1.15 15.09kN/m3, 12.85 kN/m3 L 1.17 14.66kN/m3, 12.76kN/m3 L 1.15 (3) () . 1 .
(kN/m 3 ) (kN/m 3) L
3.4-9
BH-5 1.52.5
(m)
(m)
1.0
(cm/sec)
9.7010-4
9.7010-4cm/sec .
(4) () . 1 .
3 - 35
3. ()
3.4-10 32.0cm
(cm/ sec)
37.0cm
y=0.082x+10.187, Q=0.072 3.4-11 (cm)
y=0.051x+6.12, Q=0.051k sat (cm/sec) k (cm/sec)
32.0 37.0
(cm/sec)
0.081 0.050
0.096 0.096
3.7910-2 3.7910-2
1.7310-3 1.0710-3
Average 1.4010-3
()
- 3.4-1- (180 ) (180 )
3 - 36
3.
Critical 3.4-12 (mm/sec)
1.4010-2
Critical (mm/sec)
2.8010-2
Critical (mm/hr)
100.62
Critical ()
70
100
Wetting band Method 3.4-13 (mm/sec) (n) (S0,%)
() (mm)
1.4010-2
0.435
65.85
70
396.81
1.4010-3cm/sec (Q) 0.0500.081cm/sec . Wetting band Method 396.8mm .
3.4.4 (1) (KS F)
. 3.4-14
(m)
TP- 1.0 19.0 2.663 N.P N.P 94.5 88.7 67.4 36.3 SM 1 TP- 1.0 13.9 2.661 N.P N.P 89.2 81.4 57.8 20.3 SM 2 19.0%, 2.663, 200 36.3% 13.9%, 2.661, 200 20.3% SM() .3 - 37
Atterberg L. Wn LL GS PI (%) (%)
(%) #4 #10 #40 #200
USCS
3.
(2) (KS F) .
3.4-15 (m) USCS Wn (%)
TP-1 TP-2
1.0 1.0
SM SM
(kPa) 19.0 12.9 13.9 2.2
( eg)
31.0 30.8
d
12.9kPa, 31.0 , 2.2 kPa, 30.8
3.5 3.5.1
,
1 ,
3.5.2 (1) N
3.5-1N
N
N
3 - 38
3.
3.5-1N N-Value / N
19/3045/30 32/30 50/15 50/15 , , , N , N (2) ()
3.5-2 (, 2001) 3 (N=815) (N=48) (N=24) (N=815) (N=48) (N=24)(kN/m )
(kPa)
( eg) ()
20.0 18.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 17.0 18.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 14.0
0 0 0 0 30 0 50 30 150 500 300 150
d 35 30 35 30 30 25 25 20 15 20 15 10
GW, GP SW, SP SM, SC ML, CL
CH, MH, ML
3 - 39
3.
3.5-3Geotechnical Engineering Investigation (Roy E. Hunt, 1987) Void Material Compactness D (%) N 3) ratio (kN/mr d
Strength ( )
GW GP
Well-graded gravels, gravel-sand mixtures Poorly grade gravels, gravel sand mixtures
Dense Medium dense Loose Dense Medium dense Loose
75 50 25 75 50 25 75 50 25 75 50 25 75 50 25 75 50 25
90 55 28 70 50 20 65 35 15 50 30 10 45 25 8 35 20 4
22.1 20.8 19.7 20.4 19.2 18.3 18.9 17.9 17.0 17.6 16.7 15.9 16.5 15.6 14.9 14.9 14.1 13.5
0.22 0.28 0.36 0.33 0.39 0.47 0.43 0.49 0.57 0.52 0.60 0.65 0.62 0.74 0.80 0.0 0.90 1.0
40 36 32 38 35 32 37 34 30 36 33 29 35 32 29 33 31 27
Dense Well-graded sands, Medium dense SW gravelly sands Loose SP Dense Poorly graded sands, Medium dense gravelly sands Loose Silty sands Dense Medium dense Loose
SM
Dense ML Inorganic silts, Medium dense fine sands Loose
3.5-4 ( 1996. 3) t (kN/m 3)
c (kPa)
( eg)
17.120.03 - 40
0100
d 2530
3.
3.5-5PIlE DESIGN and CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE(M.J.Tomlinson, 1993) Soil type, compactness & (kN/m 3) (kN/m 3) (deg) consistency Loose gravel with low sand content 16.019.0 9.0 2830 Medium dense gravel with low sand 18.020.0 10.0 3036 content Dense to very dense gravel with low sand 19.021.0 11.0 3646 content Loose well-graded sandy gravel 18.020.0 10.0 2830 Medium-dense well-graded sandy gravel 19.021.0 11.0 3036 Dense well graded sandy gravel 20.022.0 12.0 3645 Loose clayey sandy gravel 18.020.0 10.0 2830 Medium-dense clayey sandy gravel 19.021.0 11.0 3035 Dense to very dense clayey sandy gravel 21.022.0 12.0 3540 Loose coarse to fine sand 17.020.0 10.0 2830 Medium-dense coarse to fine sand 20.021.0 11.0 3035 Dense to very dense coarse to fine sand 21.022.0 12.0 3540 Loose fine and silty sand 15.017.0 7.0 2830 Medium-dense fine and silty sand 17.019.0 9.0 3035 Dens to very dense fine and silty sand 19.021.0 11.0 3540 3.5-6 ( d eg) (kN/m 3) c (kPa) Fredlund 20.0 10.0 35 ( ) Roy. E Hunt 20.4 0.0 38 () () 17.020.0 010 2530 19.4 0.0 46 Braja. M. Das 0.0 () 0.0 t sub t
3 - 41
3. () (c, )
3.5-7 (MPa) =0 - Dunham - Terzaghi-Peck - Ohsaki - Sowers Terzaghi c = 0.0625N Dunham c = 0.066N
- Dunham - Meyerhof - Peck - Ohsaki - , c (kPa)Terzaghi-Peck
3.5-8 (c) N (USCS)
Dunham
Ohsaki
SM
31/30
20.5
19.4
9.8
9.820.5
3.5-9 () N (USCS)
(Deg) Dunham Meyerhof Peck Ohsaki
SM
31/30
39.3
40.3
36.3
39.9
36.6 36.339.9
N 9.820.5kPa, 36.640.3 3 - 42
3. ()
.
3.5-10 () (kN/m )3
19.0 18.0 18.0 19.0
() (kPa)
10.0 30.0 8.0 0.0
( eg)
30.0 30.0 28.0 32.0
d
()
3.5-11 (, )
(
)
(kN/m 3)
16.70 17.96
(kPa) 2.2 12.9
( )
30.8 31.0
() (c, ) ( t)
N . .
3.5-12 ( ) () (kN/m ) (kPa) ( d eg) (kN/m ) (kPa) ( d eg) 15.017.0 0.010.0 25.030.0 17.020.4 0.030.0 25.035.0 (17.3) (5.0) (27.8) (18.9) 9.820.5 (31.0) (6.3) N 36.640.3 (38.5) (16.6) 18.019.0 0.030.0 28.032.0 (18.5) (12.0) (30.0) , 16.70 2.2 30.8 17.96 12.9 31.0 17.0 3.0 28.0 18.5 14.0 30.0 , N N , 3 3
3 - 43
3.
3.5.3
3.5-13Hunt(Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual, 1984) (MPa) ( d eg) Decomposed 0.0 27.031.0 Weathered 26.033.0 Partly Weathered 27.031.0 Relatively Sound 29.032.0 Decomposed, fine-grained 0.0 () 25.034.0 Decomposed, coarse-grained 36.038.0 Decomposed, remolded 22.040.0(1)
3.5-14(, 1996) TCR(%) R Q D(%) 20% 10% 30 0.01 (MPa) 3.5-15 (kN/m 3) (kPa) 1996 21.0 30.0 1997 20.0 50.0 1998 26.0 80.090.0 22.0 20.022.03 - 44
( eg)
d
35.0 30.0 25.0 35.0 30.035.0
80.090.0 10.030.0
3.
3.5-16 (2)
()
(kN/m 3)
(kPa)
( eg)
d
21.0 22.0 21.0 21.0
25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0
35.0 33.0 32.0 31.0
(3)
3.5-17
(kN/m 3)
20.022.0 21.022.0 21.0
(kPa) 10.030.0 25.030.0 30.0
( eg)
d 26.035.0 31.035.0 32.0
3.5.4
3.5-18 (1) (kN/m 3)
25.628.8 23.025.0 24.026.0 25.027.03 - 45
-l 0.250.30 0.25 0.20
(1995) (1996)
3.
3.5-19 (kPa) () (MPa) 300600 3040 200400 6001,500 3540 4001000 (1996) 15005,000 3545 1,0008,000 1001,200 3545 5006,000 3550 1,50015,000 (19952001) 1503,200 2007,000 3850 2.010410.0104 130 33 150 35 (2001) 200 40 3.5-20TCR RQD (, ) T.C.R (%) R. Q .D (%) ( ) (kPa) , 20 10 30 100 1025 33 130 2030 4050 2535 35 150 70 4050 40 200 3.5-21 (kN/ ) (kPa) () , 100 30.0 130300 3040 (`91) (`96) 24.0 23.03 - 46
500 600
40.0 35.0
3.
(2)
3.5-22 (kN/ )
(kPa)
()
(MPa)
9 914 9 916 (3)
21.0 24.0 26.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 24.0 25.0 26.0
200 300 600 120 350 1,070 1,000 3,000 7,000
33.0 37.0 40.0 33.0 40.0 44.0 36.0 40.0 46.0
1,130 8,400 15,000 1,600 5,500 11,000 1,200 5,500 20,000
0.29 0.24 0.21 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.24 0.22 0.20
3.5-23 (kN/m 3)
(kPa)
( eg)
24.0 25.0 26.0
300 600 1,500
d 35.0 39.0 43.0
(MPa)
1,000 6,000 10,000
0.28 0.24 0.20
, 3 - 47
3.
3.5.5
3.5-24 (J. Ratrick Powers, 1992)(1)
Open Work Gravel(GP) 1 (SM) (GP) 0.2 0.1 (SC) (GW) (0.50.3)10-1 (ML) (SP) (0.052.0)10-1 (CL) (SW) (0.011.0)10-1 3.5-25 (BRAJA M. DAS, 2001) , 10-310-5 (2) 3.5-26 (3) (cm/sec)
(cm/sec)
(cm/sec)
(1.05.0)10-3 (1.010.0)10-4 (0.51.0)10-4 (0.11.0)10-4 10-410-6 10-7
10-1 10-110-3
,
(cm/sec)
(cm/sec) 1.410-5 8.010-5 1.710-5 4.010-5 7.010-6 1.5610-5 3.5-27
(cm/sec)(4)
9.7010-4
1.4010-3
3.5-28
(1.05.0)10-3 (1.05.0)10-3 (1.48.0)10-5 (1.74.0)10-5 1.4010-3 9.710-4 1.4010-3 8.310-4 5.010-5 2.010-53 - 48
(cm/sec)
7.010-6-5 1.610 8.010-6
3.
3.6
3.6.1 (1)
(632.0m), (555.0m) - . (615.4m) (283.0m), (290m), (275m), (327m) , 100 . , , . . , , 4 . , , , .
(2)
3.6-1
73/276 816 1067J2
/ JCS JRC (MPa)(3)
64/048 612 1219
J1
62/150 1014 59299
J3
80/231 612 1228
J4
3.6-2
B -5
H
0.02.8 (2.8)
2.83.7 (0.9)
(m)
3.74.3 (0.6)
4.37.3 (3.0)
(m)
7.3
3 - 49
3.
(4) . GL-3.5m EL
EL+81.7m ,
( ) , .
(5)
3.6-3 N-Value / N
SM 19/30 45/30 SM 50/15 50/6
(6) 15.09kN/m3, 12.85 kN/m3 L 1.17 ,
14.66kN/m3, 12.76kN/m3 L 1.15 .
7) () 1 9.70 10-4cm/sec .
3 - 50
3.
8) 1.40 10-3cm/sec (Q) 0.050 0.81cm/sec . Wetting band Method 396.8mm .
(9) (KSF) . 19.0%, 2.663, 200 36.3% , 13.9%, 2.661, 200 20.3%
SM() .
(10) , 12.9kPa, 31.0 , 2.2 kPa, 30.8
.
(11)
3.6-4 3(kN/m )
(kPa)
( eg)
17.0 18.5 21.0 24.0 25.0 26.0
3.0 14.0 30.0 300 600 1,500
d 28.0 30.0 32.0 35.0 39.0 43.0
(MPa)
(cm/sec)
1,000 6,000 10,000
0.28 0.24 0.20
1.410-3 8.310-4 5.010-5 2.010-5 8.010-6
3 - 51
4. 4. 4.1 4.2
4.
4. 4.1 4.1.1 . - . ,
,
, 10
,
20
,
30
,
50
,
80
,
100
,
200
, 4.1-1
4.1-1
.
4 - 1
4.
4.1-1
1
2 3
SD0 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 SD5 SD6 SD7 SD8 SD9 SD10 SDM0 SDM1 SDM2 SDM3 SDM4 SO0 SO1 SM0 SM1 SM24 - 2
A(km2)
0.676 0.632 0.410 0.388 0.263 0.177 0.099 0.098 0.091 0.074 0.047 0.222 0.215 0.134 0.069 0.046 0.125 0.060 0.078 0.048 0.035
L(km)
1.040 0.920 0.920 0.790 0.790 0.340 0.340 0.300 0.300 0.230 0.230 0.760 0.700 0.700 0.250 0.250 0.430 0.150 0.320 0.230 0.230
4.
4.1-1
4.1.2 (1) . 4 - 31961
2011
(51)
4. 1 10
,
, ,
2
,14
3
,15
4
,16
5
,17
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
,
,
,
,
18
,
24
20
. Lognormal-2, Gamma-2, Gamma-3, GEV, Gumbel, Log-Gumbel-2, Log-Gumbel-3,
Lognormal-3,
Log-Pearson
type
,
Weibull-2,
Weibull-3,
Wakeby-4,
Wakeby-5
13 .of Moments),
(MethodLikelihood),
(MethodMoments)
of
Maximum
(Method
of
Probability
Weighted
,
(Method . . 2 , ,Cramer Von Mises K-S of Probability Weighted Moments)
.
2 K-S
Cramer Von Mises
. : 51 (1961~2011) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24
4.1-2 () 10m 1 in. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
15.8 8.4 14.7 33.0 19.7 29.0 19.0 16.0 20.0
37.4 56.8 61.6 81.0 84.6 94.2 97.0 98.9 100.8 102.2 102.4 102.4 102.4 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 107.1 17.0 24.2 32.0 38.7 47.3 53.9 61.8 65.2 67.9 69.2 69.9 70.2 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.9 72.5 73.7 85.7 34.6 66.1 68.9 81.8 95.3 109.1 114.7 117.3 125.0 132.2 143.5 156.6 162.2 164.4 167.1 168.6 169.2 169.2 174.5 112.0 118.2 124.2 125.9 126.0 127.4 128.0 128.1 128.4 128.8 129.0 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 44.0 80.0 92.4 104.0 114.5 122.1 123.2 123.6 127.2 127.9 132.0 132.6 133.1 133.5 137.8 139.6 140.0 141.2 154.4 73.3 113.0 151.7 177.4 182.9 193.9 196.0 197.2 198.8 200.0 201.2 204.8 211.3 213.0 214.2 214.7 215.7 217.4 228.2 47.0 82.1 82.9 82.9 85.7 88.0 92.4 94.9 96.2 97.1 98.4 98.4 99.9 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.7 59.0 87.4 92.1 96.6 103.3 110.5 118.1 125.8 136.3 141.2 145.5 150.3 154.9 159.2 164.0 167.6 170.2 170.8 172.6 44.9 83.9 117.5 118.8 119.4 119.5 119.7 119.7 119.7 119.7 119.7 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 138.54 - 4
4.
4.1-2 10min .
3 4 5 6 7 8
9
10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 24
) 10min, 1hr _ 4 - 5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
23.0 17.6 13.0 9.5 14.0 12.7 17.5 13.4 14.0 15.6 10.2 6.8 18.5 22.0 22.0 23.5 20.0 22.2 12.0 13.6 19.5 18.5 20.0 28.5 11.0 18.5 22.7 16.5 22.2 25.8 14.6 21.0 15.5 20.5 18.5 16.5 15.5 16.0 14.0 14.0 19.0 18.0
44.2 71.4 56.8 22.0 39.6 38.5 42.9 43.4 27.4 43.0 28.9 26.5 47.5 67.3 59.5 61.4 46.2 69.5 24.3 45.3 59.6 41.5 54.7 60.2 37.6 54.0 37.1 37.6 66.2 59.8 44.4 99.5 60.5 67.0 43.5 53.5 49.5 27.5 43.0 50.5 75.0 62.0
1
77.2 92.3 93.2 96.7 117.3 132.7 144.2 150.4 155.3 157.4 162.6 173.3 178.7 188.8 190.0 190.2 190.9 192.8 97.5 142.2 156.2 165.9 179.9 185.2 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 188.6 192.2 84.7 109.7 129.9 159.6 179.0 198.3 212.0 230.0 241.2 252.5 270.4 290.7 310.8 330.2 340.4 352.0 362.3 446.8 31.6 36.0 39.0 42.6 45.4 49.0 51.8 54.2 55.6 56.7 57.4 58.3 59.0 59.5 60.4 60.6 61.0 62.7 47.2 57.7 58.9 67.9 69.3 89.2 99.7 105.3 109.9 115.5 116.3 116.3 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.8 119.4 120.3 58.5 93.7 98.6 106.8 115.5 122.7 127.6 128.8 129.0 129.9 130.1 130.4 130.5 130.5 130.5 131.0 131.2 131.6 43.3 55.0 59.4 70.3 86.5 92.4 94.8 95.3 96.0 96.0 96.4 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 107.9 112.2 136.4 67.1 72.9 73.9 76.6 109.2 115.4 117.6 117.8 120.3 128.1 133.2 138.5 144.1 147.8 151.4 156.5 164.1 199.3 49.2 65.7 80.5 88.1 112.7 129.2 143.2 156.1 160.0 166.8 174.7 180.6 184.5 192.3 202.0 205.4 212.7 231.1 51.4 72.7 88.0 90.0 90.6 90.8 91.3 91.7 91.7 91.7 91.7 91.7 91.7 91.7 92.1 92.3 94.3 98.1 43.5 50.2 58.5 63.7 71.5 77.4 84.4 92.6 97.8 102.5 108.0 116.0 119.2 120.0 120.3 123.6 126.8 131.0 36.6 51.8 58.0 72.4 86.2 91.7 97.2 102.1 110.8 116.3 117.8 118.4 120.3 124.3 126.8 132.3 135.0 143.6 57.0 76.9 85.3 93.0 99.9 102.4 104.0 104.2 104.2 104.2 104.2 105.2 106.2 106.2 107.7 110.2 111.7 116.4 98.3 100.8 100.9 100.9 105.8 118.6 121.1 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.6 130.9 131.1 132.1 134.5 137.1 137.9 91.9 123.1 153.5 169.0 177.6 191.9 199.5 206.9 212.3 226.6 234.2 237.7 242.5 246.0 248.6 255.6 259.4 275.2 62.9 66.0 66.8 67.0 75.7 85.0 97.1 107.7 117.7 120.2 121.3 123.3 124.3 124.4 124.5 124.5 124.5 125.6 57.2 78.7 91.6 116.5 139.6 140.1 145.8 145.9 146.0 146.3 147.1 147.5 147.6 147.8 147.8 147.8 147.8 152.0 101.9 124.5 160.6 192.7 215.2 228.8 234.4 239.6 243.2 257.9 271.5 276.7 278.9 281.5 283.1 284.2 284.5 328.4 27.8 38.8 53.6 62.8 73.1 74.7 74.9 75.4 78.3 86.3 89.0 98.1 99.3 99.5 100.0 100.3 100.9 103.5 56.6 67.0 76.2 76.4 83.2 94.6 95.4 97.6 99.7 100.6 102.5 103.1 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 105.0 79.9 98.9 106.0 121.1 138.8 153.2 165.9 178.4 189.5 195.5 203.1 209.1 216.8 224.5 234.1 241.4 253.5 305.8 77.0 95.5 101.0 106.0 111.0 113.0 114.5 118.1 120.9 123.0 131.4 132.9 134.9 135.9 136.1 136.4 137.3 143.2 81.3 97.1 109.7 115.0 118.8 126.4 127.8 132.0 137.3 142.5 145.3 147.8 149.8 151.2 151.5 151.6 151.7 155.3 74.0 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 86.5 88.8 90.5 90.9 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 94.0 58.1 65.7 68.4 68.7 68.7 71.4 75.9 79.8 84.0 86.6 88.4 89.7 90.6 92.3 93.2 93.6 94.4 94.4 77.1 112.6 112.6 113.3 116.1 122.3 123.7 127.5 134.6 137.6 142.1 142.5 144.3 152.3 169.6 178.0 180.5 214.6 60.9 73.5 75.2 81.1 82.8 102.3 125.2 146.2 147.7 153.8 157.7 159.2 165.3 165.4 167.8 168.4 168.5 168.6 51.2 68.1 75.8 89.7 100.5 104.6 112.2 116.3 118.6 122.5 125.1 126.3 127.2 127.4 127.6 127.7 128.1 128.3 99.9 137.1 156.4 165.2 176.5 178.9 182.1 192.8 205.4 220.5 231.8 234.6 237.0 245.8 285.2 313.7 316.3 361.5 65.7 86.1 113.6 140.0 160.4 164.4 182.1 186.1 189.2 191.9 198.6 211.1 215.1 218.2 220.9 227.6 231.2 261.6 64.1 69.6 70.3 75.5 92.5 103.3 109.6 115.6 119.9 121.2 122.1 122.6 122.9 122.9 122.9 123.0 123.0 123.0 142.5 201.4 234.4 249.4 259.9 262.4 262.9 264.2 274.7 278.5 281.0 282.2 287.4 288.4 288.9 289.9 302.2 310.1 88.0 119.5 131.0 138.5 150.0 154.0 164.5 176.0 180.0 184.0 187.5 191.5 193.5 198.0 199.5 202.0 207.5 286.0 100.5 135.0 139.0 143.0 145.5 146.5 147.5 148.5 150.0 154.5 165.0 169.0 171.5 173.5 175.5 177.0 177.0 183.0 44.0 53.0 61.5 76.5 77.0 81.5 98.5 99.0 100.0 102.5 104.5 105.0 105.5 105.5 106.0 107.0 109.0 132.5 76.5 78.5 83.5 91.0 94.0 96.0 105.0 109.5 116.0 119.0 121.0 124.0 126.5 128.0 130.5 130.5 132.0 132.0 79.0 95.5 111.5 128.5 148.0 169.0 194.5 200.0 200.0 210.0 221.5 230.0 236.5 248.0 258.5 267.0 271.5 288.0 30.0 33.5 42.5 49.5 57.0 64.0 68.0 69.5 74.0 75.5 76.0 76.5 78.5 80.5 81.0 81.0 81.0 84.5 49.5 55.0 61.0 62.5 72.0 76.5 85.0 95.0 97.5 99.0 101.5 107.0 108.0 111.0 118.0 124.0 136.5 158.0 69.5 99.0 107.0 131.5 143.0 151.5 159.5 174.0 182.0 185.5 186.0 186.5 188.5 189.0 189.5 189.5 189.5 190.0 138.0 198.5 224.5 239.5 246.5 249.0 250.5 253.0 254.5 256.5 257.5 258.5 258.5 259.0 259.2 259.3 259.4 259.4 82.0 104.7 139.2 146.7 170.7 171.0 178.5 217.0 238.0 239.5 240.5 255.7 278.7 301.2 326.5 347.5 389.2 410.2
2
4. (
) (ProbabilityFunction ; PDF) Density
(Cumulative
Distribution Function ; CDF)
.
Gamma
, , 3 Gamma
.
x x exp f x
, x0: : :
(scale
parameter) parameter) parameter)
(shape
(location0
x 0= 0
x
,
Gamma(Gam-2)
-
x x
0
,
0
.
2
.
GEV
3 , . x x x exp
x x f x Fx
, x0: : :
(scale
parameter) parameter) parameter)
(shape
(location
GEV-2
(Frechet GEV-3
Log-Gumbel
), , 0GEV-1(Gumbel
(Weibull )
) .
4 - 6
4.
Gumbel
GEV-1
. Fx exp exp
Gumbel
, -
x x x x f x exp exp
c |
H0)
1
-
e 2nc
2
q
q . H 0 : F( x) F 0 (x), H 1 : F( x) F 0 (x) H 0 q
0 H 1
q >
F(x) -
F 0 (x) . , H 0
-
1 1n . 2 2n
Cramer Von Mises
X 1 , X 2 ,
Cramer Von Mises
,
X N F X (x: )
.
N
. 1966).
W
(Thompson,
N i W FX xi N i N
,FXi
(xi;
)
:
Xi=xi
, . ,
:(Anderson
N
, , N 20/ W1 - ( N)
Darling, 1952). Kolmogorov
2 -,-Smirnov
,
Cramer Von Mises
3 , Moment
,
, ,
. "FARD 2006"
4 - 12
4. Gumbel Gumbel
,
.
4.1-3,
10 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440
10
24.7 73.8 112.6 142.4 158.8 171.4 184.5 191.5 198.7 207.5 213.4 219.8 226.7 232.8 238.7 245.3 252.9 259.4 266.2 271.6 275.6 283.4 288.6 292.1 295.7
20
27.7 83.9 128.6 163.9 183.1 197.4 211.9 219.2 227.0 237.1 244.0 251.4 259.8 267.1 274.4 282.5 292.0 300.0 308.4 315.0 320.0 329.8 336.3 340.5 344.7
29.4 89.7 137.9 176.3 197.1 212.3 227.7 235.1 243.2 254.2 261.5 269.6 278.8 286.8 294.9 303.9 314.5 323.4 332.7 340.0 345.6 356.5 363.7 368.3 372.9
() 30 50 80
31.6 97.0 149.5 191.7 214.6 231.0 247.4 255.0 263.5 275.5 283.5 292.4 302.6 311.5 320.5 330.7 342.7 352.6 363.1 371.3 377.5 389.9 398.0 403.1 408.1
33.5 103.7 160.0 205.9 230.6 248.1 265.5 273.2 282.1 295.1 303.6 313.2 324.4 334.1 344.0 355.2 368.4 379.4 390.9 399.9 406.7 420.4 429.4 435.0 440.4
100 200
34.5 106.9 165.0 212.6 238.2 256.3 274.1 281.8 290.9 304.3 313.1 323.1 334.7 344.8 355.1 366.8 380.6 392.0 404.0 413.5 420.5 434.9 444.2 450.1 455.7
37.4 116.7 180.6 233.4 261.7 281.4 300.6 308.6 318.2 333.0 342.7 Gumbel 353.7 366.7 377.9 389.6 402.8 418.4 431.3 444.8 455.5 463.4 479.8 490.3 496.9 503.0
4.1-3
(1999
1
( . .
12 (2000 (1999 (2000.6))
(2000.6))
10
, 1, 2 )
2011
1
(
, .
4 - 13
4.
4.1-4 () 10 20
1 25 29.1 31.5 34.4 37.1 38.4 10 2 24.7 27.7 29.4 31.6 33.5 34.5 37.4 60 1 74.8 87.0 94.0 102.8 110.8 114.6 - 2 73.8 83.9 89.7 97.0 103.7 106.9 116.7 (1) 120 1 103.4 119.5 128.8 140.4 151.1 156.1 - 2 112.6 128.6 137.9 149.5 160.0 165.0 180.6 (2) 180 1 120.4 138.8 149.4 162.6 174.7 180.5 - 2 142.4 163.9 176.3 191.7 205.9 212.6 233.4 (3) 240 1 131.7 151.6 163.0 177.2 190.3 196.5 - 2 158.8 183.1 197.1 214.6 230.6 238.2 261.7 (4) 300 - 1 2 171.4 197.4 212.3 231.0 248.1 256.3 281.4 (5) 360 1 153.5 176.6 189.9 206.5 221.7 228.9 - 2 184.5 211.9 227.7 247.4 265.5 274.1 300.6 (6) 420 1 - 191.5 219.2 235.1 255.0 273.2 281.8 308.6 2 (7) 480 1 - - 2 198.7 227.0 243.2 263.5 282.1 290.9 318.2 (8) 540 1 174.3 200.4 215.5 234.2 251.5 259.6 2 207.5 237.1 254.2 275.5 295.1 304.3 333.0 (9) 600 1 - 2 213.4 244.0 261.5 283.5 303.6 313.1 342.7 (10) 660 - 1 (11) 2 219.8 251.4 269.6 292.4 313.2 323.1 353.7 720 1 189.5 218.1 234.5 255.1 273.8 282.8 - (12) 2 226.7 259.8 278.8 302.6 324.4 334.7 366.7 780 1 - (13) 2 232.8 267.1 286.8 311.5 334.1 344.8 377.9 840 1 - - 238.7 274.4 294.9 320.5 344.0 355.1 389.6 (14) 2 900 1 209.8 242.6 261.5 285.1 306.7 317.0 - (15) 2 245.3 282.5 303.9 330.7 355.2 366.8 402.8 960 1 - 252.9 292.0 314.5 342.7 368.4 380.6 418.4 (16) 2 1020 1 2 259.4 300.0 323.4 352.6 379.4 392.0 431.3 (17) 1080 1 223.3 258.7 279.1 304.6 327.9 338.9 - (18) 2 266.2 308.4 332.7 363.1 390.9 404.0 444.8 1440 1 (24) 2 271.6 315.0 340.0 371.3 399.9 413.5 455.5 ) 1 : 1999 1 (2000. 6, ) 2 : (19612011, 51) - 4 - 14
() 30 50 80
100
200
4.
4.1.3 . .
(1) (
)
Mononobe
Mononobe
, , .(
) -- Keifer & Chu
(Chicago
) .
(
) 6 ,Huff
.Pilgrim & Codery
(
) .
(
) Yen & Chow
.
4 - 15
4.
(2) 10
, .
4.1-5 1 60 1.129(1.13) 3 180 1.033 6 360 1.013(1.02) 24 1440 1.005(1.01) 1 1440 1.161(1.13) ) 1. ( ) (1958) 2. 1999 1 (. 2000. 6, Page 27)(
) -- 2 . - , . . Talbot Sherman Japanese semi log I ( . 10
c a I t b a I t cb c a I b t
log
-hr), t
(min), a, b, c
24
4 - 16
4. . 2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
. , . 2
.
4.1-6
4.1-2
, 4.1-3 .
Sherman
-
4.1-6 3hr (Sherman) 3hr (Sherman)
10 20 30 50 80 100 200
0.28 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.13
0.20 0.35 0.43 0.55 0.64 0.69 0.83
4 - 17
4.
4.1-23 I-D-F 1000
Rainfall Intencity(mm/hr)
100
200 100 80 50 30 20 10
10 1 10 100 1000
Duration Time(min)
4.1-33 100
I-D-F
Rainfall Intencity(mm/hr)
10
200 100 80 50 30 20 10
1 10 100 1000 10000
Duration Time(min)
4 - 18
4.
4.1.4 (1) () (
) .
. KravenKirpich, Kerby(1959), Johnstone and Cross(1949), Kraven-
,
, Rziha, California Culvert Practice(1942), SCS Lag(1975)
.
4.1-7
4.1-7 () (Tc, min)
Kirpich L :: (km) m-m) S (H-L, (1940) H : Kraven- L : (km) S : (H-L, m-m) Kraven- L : (km) v : (m-s) Rziha
, 3-5% 0.453km2 , 1-200 v=3.5m-s( 1-100 ) v=3.0m-s( 1-100 1-200) v=2.1m-s( 1-200 ) 1-200
L : (km) S : (H-L, m-m)4 - 19
4.
4.1-7 N=0.02 N=0.10 L : Kerby (km) N=0.20 (1959) N=0.40 S : (m-m) N=0.60 N : N=0.80 Johnstone and L : (mi) 251,624 mi2 Cross S : (H-L, ft-mi) (1949) r :
()
(Tc, min)
California Culvert Practice L : (mi) (1942) H : (ft)
SCS Lag : L (ft) (1975) CN : SCS S : (%)
, 0.8km2 , Tc = 1.67 L 0.4km 0.04km2 , 1% (c) = : 0.007 : 0.012 : 0.017 : 0.046 : 0.060
L : (km) (m) H :: 0.02 Kerby r (1959) Izzard (1945)
0.10 0.30 0.40 0.80
I : (in-hr) c : L : (ft) S : (ft-ft) r :
4 - 20
4.
4.1-7
,
, . , Kraven1-200 Kraven-
Kerby
.
, Rziha
, . 1-200
Kirpich
,0.453
.
(, , ) , Kraven-
Kerby
Rziha
Kraven-
Kirpich
. ,
Kraven-
,
, .
4 - 21
4.
4.1-8 kirpich Rziha
SD0 SD1 SD3 SD5 SD7 SD9
1 2 3
SDM0 SDM1 SDM3 SO0
SO1 (m-s) 2.1 SM0 (min) 8.1 (m-s) 1.7 (min) 7.0
(min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min) (m-s) (min)
7.6 0.8 7.5 0.9 6.9 2.1 5.7 1.0 6.3 1.9 5.9 1.8 7.0 0.9 8.5 1.9 6.7 2.1 10.2 1.7 6.9
5.7 3.0 5.6 3.5 5.4 11.3 5.1 7.0 5.2 11.9 5.1 12.7 5.4 4.2 5.8 8.0 5.3 11.6 6.2 7.5 5.4 11.3 5.6 9.5 5.4 10.0
Kraven Kraven Kerby -
5.3 7.3 5.3 8.3 5.2 22.9 5.0 15.3 5.1 24.0 5.1 25.4 5.2 9.7 5.4 17.1 5.1 23.6 5.5 16.3 5.2 22.9 5.3 19.8 5.2 20.8
5.6 3.5 5.6 3.5 6.1 3.5 5.2 3.5 5.7 3.5 5.5 3.5 5.5 3.5 6.9 3.5 6.0 3.5 7.5 3.5 6.1 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.1 3.5
30.5 Kraven 0.1 29.9 0.1 26.0 0.2 15.9 0.1 21.5 0.2 18.3 0.1 26.5 0.1 35.4 0.2 24.5 0.2 55.1 0.2 26.0 0.2 41.4 0.1 26.5 0.2
SM1 (m-s) 1.94 - 22
4.
4.1.5 (1)
( ) -
, .
.
.
(ClarkMethod), SCS
, (Clark ) Method)
. .
(
(Rational
Formula)
. .
Q = 0.2778
C I Q : C :
A
(
-sec)
I
:
A :
((
-hr)
)
. -
.
, , . 4 - 23
4.
4.1-9 0.70-0.95 0.50-0.70 0.30-0.50 0.40-0.60 0.60-0.75 0.25-0.40 0.50-0.70 0.50-0.80 0.60-0.90 , 0.10-0.25 0.20-0.35 0.20-0.40 0.10-0.30 0.70-0.95 0.80-0.95 0.70-0.85 :(2007, )(
C
C
0.75-0.85 0.05-0.10 0.10-0.15 0.15-0.20 0.13-0.17 0.18-0.22 0.25-0.35 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.50 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.50 0.20-0.40 0.10-0.25 0.70-0.80 0.15-0.45 0.05-0.25 0.40-0.80 0.30-0.70
)
(Clark
Method)
. - . Clark
1
Clark
. (LinearReservoir)
.
S=K,
OS:
,
O
:
,(
K
:
)
I- O=
S t2
.
I1 + I2 2
t -
O1 + O2 2
t = K( S
- S 1)
------ (1)
O 2 = C O I 2 + C 1 I 1 + C 2O 1
----------------------- (2)
4 - 24
4. C0= C1 =
2K +
t
t
,
C2=
2K 2K +
t tI 2 , O1
C0+C1+C2= 1,
I 1 ,
,(2)
O 2 .
. (2)
I 1 = I 2 .
O2 = C1 I1 + C2O1 C3 C2=
---------------------------------- (3)
0.5t K + 0.5 t
=
K - 0.5t K + 0.5 t
C3 + C2 = 1(2)
(3)
(I.U.H) t(t = t 1 - t i - 1 )
Ui =
1 2
(Oi - O
i - 1)
nt .
Ui =(4)
n
1
( 0.5O
i- n + O i- n +1 +
--- + O
i - 1 + 0.5 O i )
---- (4)
.Kirpich
,
Rziha
,
Kerby
,
Kraven
,
, , Kraven
, .K
,
-
.
4 - 25
4. Clark
K
K = T C (=0.8
1.2)
.
Clark
Linsley
, KL A S C b
:
(hr) (km) (km (%)
:
:
)
:
: 0.5
:
0.01
1.4
0.03
Russel
(
Flood
Runoff Analysis(1994, USACE)
)
,K
(hr),catchments)
1.5
(rural
(developed
catchments)
1.1
2.1,
2.8,
(forested
catchments)
8.0
12.0
.
Sabol
(
Flood Runoff Analysis(1994,
USACE) )
K =
Tc1.46 - 0.0867
L2 A
K (hr), T c (hr), L (km),A (km ).
4 - 26
4. (
)
SCS
Conservation
(U.S.Soil
(Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph)
Service
:
4.1-4
SCS)
.
, .
4.1-4SCS tr1.0 0.8
Q / Qp
0.6 0.4 0.2
tl tp
Qp
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
t / tp
Q P t P , Q/Q P, t/t P .
4.1-10
4.1-10SCS ttP
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
QQ P
0 0.03 0.100 0.190 0.310 0.470 0.660 0.820 0.930 0.990 1.000
ttP
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2
QQ P
0.990 0.930 0.860 0.780 0.680 0.560 0.460 0.390 0.330 0.280 0.207
ttP
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.5 5.0
QQ P
0.147 0.107 0.077 0.055 0.040 0.029 0.021 0.015 0.011 0.005 0.000
4 - 27
4. SCS
Q P t P
. tP tr t , tP tr:
A QP tP(hr)
(hr)
:
t
:
, (hr)
QP
:
(m -sec)
3
A :
(km )
2
t , . (
SCS
SCS
2,000acre=8.09372km
2
) t
.
L S t Y
L :
(ft)
Y :
SCS
(%)
S
:
. CN
(inch)
S=(1000-CN)-10
.
4 - 28
4. (
)
4.1-11
4.1-11 SD0 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 SD5 SD6 SD7 SD8 SD9 SD10 0.676 0.632 0.410 0.388 0.263 0.177 0.099 0.098 0.091 0.074 0.047 0.222 0.215 0.134 0.069 0.046 1.040 0.920 0.920 0.790 0.790 0.340 0.340 0.300 0.300 0.230 0.230 0.760 0.700 0.700 0.250 0.250 CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS 16.83 16.73 23.44 15.73 15.64 21.91 10.29 10.22 13.58 9.71 9.63 13.02 6.55 6.51 8.32 4.44 4.40 6.31 2.52 2.49 3.34 2.49 2.47 3.37 2.32 2.30 3.05 1.86 1.84 2.58 1.18 1.17 1.59 5.44 5.42 7.75 5.27 5.25 6.88 3.28 3.27 4.24 1.70 1.69 2.33 1.14 1.12 1.53
20 30 (cms) 50 80 100 200 (Q/A) A() L() 18.59 18.48 24.79 17.37 17.27 23.18 11.36 11.28 14.38 10.71 10.64 13.78 7.23 7.19 8.82 4.90 4.86 6.68 2.78 2.75 3.54 2.75 2.73 3.57 2.56 2.54 3.23 2.05 2.03 2.73 1.30 1.29 1.68 6.01 5.99 8.20 5.82 5.81 7.29 3.63 3.62 4.49 1.88 1.86 2.47 1.25 1.24 1.62 20.78 20.67 26.59 19.41 19.32 24.86 12.70 12.61 15.43 11.98 11.90 14.78 8.09 8.04 9.46 5.48 5.43 7.16 3.10 3.08 3.79 3.07 3.05 3.83 2.86 2.83 3.47 2.29 2.27 2.93 1.45 1.44 1.80 6.72 6.71 8.79 6.51 6.50 7.82 4.06 4.05 4.82 2.10 2.09 2.64 1.40 1.39 1.74 22.80 22.70 28.12 21.31 21.21 26.29 13.93 13.84 16.33 13.14 13.06 15.64 8.88 8.83 10.02 6.01 5.96 7.57 3.40 3.37 4.01 3.37 3.34 4.05 3.13 3.11 3.67 2.51 2.49 3.10 1.59 1.58 1.91 7.38 7.37 9.30 7.15 7.14 8.28 4.45 4.45 5.10 2.31 2.29 2.80 1.54 1.53 1.84 23.80 23.68 28.94 22.24 22.14 27.05 14.54 14.44 16.80 13.72 13.63 16.09 9.26 9.21 10.31 6.27 6.22 7.79 3.55 3.52 4.13 3.51 3.49 4.17 3.27 3.24 3.77 2.62 2.60 3.19 1.66 1.65 1.96 7.70 7.69 9.57 7.46 7.45 8.52 4.65 4.64 5.25 2.41 2.39 2.88 1.61 1.59 1.90 26.85 26.73 31.29 25.10 24.98 29.26 16.40 16.29 18.18 15.47 15.38 17.41 10.45 10.39 11.16 7.07 7.02 8.42 4.00 3.97 4.47 3.96 3.93 4.51 3.68 3.65 4.08 2.96 2.94 3.45 1.88 1.86 2.12 8.70 8.69 10.34 8.42 8.42 9.22 5.25 5.25 5.69 2.72 2.70 3.11 1.81 1.80 2.05 35.2 35.0 42.8 35.2 35.0 42.8 35.5 35.2 41.0 35.3 35.1 41.5 35.2 35.0 39.2 35.4 35.2 44.0 35.8 35.6 41.7 35.8 35.6 42.5 35.9 35.6 41.5 35.4 35.1 43.1 35.4 35.1 41.7 34.7 34.7 43.1 34.7 34.7 39.6 34.7 34.7 39.2 34.9 34.7 41.7 34.9 34.7 41.2
SDM0 1 SDM1 SDM2 SDM3 SDM4
4 - 29
4.
4.1-11 () SO0 2 SO1 0.125 0.060 0.430 0.150 0.320 0.230 0.230 CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS CLARK NRCS 3.15 3.13 3.94 1.49 1.48 2.01 1.93 1.91 2.55 1.18 1.17 1.61 0.86 0.86 1.17 3.48 3