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HaKOHeu, MOTHBaUHOHHblA ypoBeHb nH'IHOCTH, HnH ee "nparMaTHKOH",

B ero BonnOmeHHH B TeKCTax, T.e. ypoBeHb, COOTHOCHmHA MOTHBbI,

yCTaHoBKH, uenH, "HHTeHUHOHanbHOCTH" (nepe'lHCneHbI B nopH.n;JCeHHCXO-

.n;HmeA HepapXHH) nH'IHOCTH C pe'leBbiM nOBe.n;eHHeM Hero co.n;eplKaHHeM,

nO'ITH COBeeM Bblna.n;aeT H3 nonH 3peHHH Hccne.n;OBaTenH-nHHrBHCTa,

pacnpe.n;enHHCb '1aCTH'IHO no nHTepaTypoBe.n;'1eCKHM H nHTepaTypHo-KpH-

TH'IeCICHMpa60TaM (B TOM, '1TO lCacaeTCHMOTHBHpOBOIC), Haxo.n;H OTpalKeHHe

B nCHxonHHrBHCTH'IeCKHX H nCHXOnOrH'IeCKHX WTy.n;HHX(B CBR3HcaHanH30M

yCTaHoBOK H ueneA rOBOpRmero - cnywalOmero), pa3BepTblBaJlCb B H3Y-

'1eHHH HHTeHUHA, CBH3aHHblX C OT.n;enbHblMH pe'leBblMH aKTaMH, H npo-

lIBnllHCb '1aCTH'IHO B aHanH3e KOMMyHHKaTHBHblx poneA H perHcTpoB

pe'lH B COUHonHHrBHCTHlCe. 0 BOCC03.n;aHHH lKe B c06cTBeHHo R3b1KO-

Be.n;'IeCKHX onHcaHHHX uenOCTHoro npe.n;cTaBneHHH "nparMaTHKoHa" H3b1-

KOBOA nH'IHOCTH rOBopHTb, TaKHM 06pa30M, nOlCa He npHxo.n;HTCR.

llO.n;Bo.n;H HTor paCCMOTpeHHIO Hccne.n;OBaHHA THna "H3b1K nHeaTenH"

C TO'lKH 3peHHH BocnpOH3Be.n;eHHH B HHX neKCHICOHa HH.n;HBH.n;yanbHOCTH,

MbI .n;onlKHbI KOHCTaTHpOBaTb, '1T03TH Hccne.n;OBaHHH He .n;alOT npe.n;-

CTaBneHHH 0 neKCHKOHe lCaK TaKOBOM. B HHX, KaK npaBHnO, HaX0.ll:HT

'1aCTH'IHOe OTpalKeHHe Bce cnOH H ypOBHH CTpyKTypbl Jl3b1KOBOA nH'I-

HOCTH, HO, 6y.n;Y'lH OTHeceHbI K nHcaTenbCKOMY H3b1KY, OHH BblcTynalOT

KaK xapaKTepHCTHICH MHOlKeCTBeHHblX nH'IHOCTeA, H n03TOMY B Hccne-

.n;OBaHHlIX paCCMaTpHBaeMoro THoa MbI HMeeM .n;eno C Mo.n;enblO Jl3b1Ka

Bo06me, 1I3bIICa COOTBeTcTBylOmeA 3nOXH, HO He 113b1KaOT.n;enbHoA HH.n;H-

BH.n;yanbHOCTH.

IIBepOHTHO, ny'lwe Bcero B TaKoro po.n;a pa60Tax H3Y'leHbI neKCH-

'1cCICHA H rpaMMaTH'IeCKHA cIlOH.n;nHCaTenJi. rpaMMaTH'IeClCall If8CTL, ICO-

TOpaJi no aHanorHH C nelCCHKOHOM MOlKCT 6b1TL Ha388Ha rpaMMaTHICOHOM,

Haxo.n;HT OTpalKeHHe B Hccne.n;OBaHHIIX THna "CHHTaKCHC TonCToro",

"cnOBOTBOp'lCCTBO MaJiKOBClCoro" H OXBaTblBaeT Ha60p HeKOTopblX wa6-

nOHOB H CTepeOTHnOB cnoBoco'leTaHHA, H3nlO6neHHblx cHHTaICCH'IeCICHX

KOHcTpyKUHA, npHeMbI cnoBOTBOp'leCTBa, HOBo06pa30BaHHII .n;nll nepe-

.n;a'lH cy6'LeKTHBHblX CMblcnOB H HeOlKH.n;aHHblX aCCOUHaTHBHblX c6nHlKeHHA,

He06b1'1HOe Hcnonb30BaHHe rpaMMaTH'ICCICHX KaTeropHA H T.O. Cp., HanpH-

Mep, y 10. HarH6HHa cBoe06pa3HblA npHeM OlKHBneHHlI, KaK 6b1 BTOPH'IHOA

rpaMMaTH3aUHH YlKe .n;aBHO nCKCHKanH30BaHHblX H OKOCTeHCBWHX cIlOpM

cTpa.n;aTenLHblx npH'IaCTHA HaCTOlimero BpeMeHH: "OTTY.n:a .n;BeHa.n;uaTL C

He60nbwHM KHnoMeTpoB neWHM XO.n;OM.n;o pa3'Le3.n:a, H pyKoA oo.n;aTL -

Py'lLeBKa, 3pUMaJl KpblwaMu C lKene3Ho.n;opOlKHOA HacblnH •••••; "H nOKa

noe3.n; TamHnCH Ha ceBep no npeKpacHoA cpe.n;HepyccKoA 3eMne, y6paHHoA

nocne.n;HHM OKT1I6pLCKHM 30nOTOM, npH'IanHBan K BeTXHM BOK3aJ1aM

cTapHHHblx PYCCICHX ropo.n;oB, K naxHyw,HM CBelKHM .n;epeBOM nnaT-

cIlopMaM HOBbiX noceneHHA, K ne'laJ1bHblM nonycTaHlCaM, o6umaeMblM,88

Ka3anOCb, o.n;HHM-e.n;HHCTBeHHbIM'1eIl06eKOMB lKene3Ho.n;0pOlKHOii cIlypalKKe,

J(nHMoB .••" I.

HnH MeHa KaTeropHH po.n;a B CTpO'lKe A. B03HeceHcKoro H3 "Ka6aHb-

eH OXOTbI": "oo. Ha 61l1OoelleOJlHou. caKcoHcKoil"; HnH HOBo06pa30BaHHlI

Ko6apblwHu, Ka6a6ywKu (OT Ka-6aHbI - TaM lKe), npo.n;HKTOBaHHbIe

CHTyaQHeA - nepeBepTbIweM, Kor.n;a nocne y.n;a'lHoA OXOTbI Ha OXOTHHlCa

Ka6aHbI c06HpalOTClI Ha nHpweCTBO.

rpaMMaTHKOH TeCHO CBH3aH C neKCHKOHOM H .n;o H3BeCTHoA CTeneHH

paCTBopeH B HeM B cHny neKCHKanH38QHH onpe.n;eneHHoA 'IaCTH rp8M-

MaTH'IeCKHX lIBneHHA, KOTopall Ha .n;ene pacnpOCTpaHeHa, OKa3b1BaeTClI,

3H8'1HTenbHO WHpe, '1eM :)TO npHHlITO 06b1'1HO .n;YM8Tb. Ha 3TO BnepBble

06paTHn BHHMaHHe B.B. BHHorpa.n;oB, y.n;enHBWHA 60nbwoe BHHMaHHe neK-

CHKaJ1H38QHH npH onHcaHHH rpaMMaTH'IeCKOrO CTpOll pyccKoro 1I3b1lCa2

•

O.n;HaKO H.n;eH B.B. BHHorpa.n;oBa He nony'lHnH .n;onlKHoro pa3BHTHlI, H,

B COOTBeTCTBHH co cnOlKHBweAclI Bnocne.n;CTBHH Tpa.n;HUHeA, neKCH-

KanH3aQHH CTano OTBO.n;HTLClI MeCTO HeKoero 31C30TH'IeCKOrO RBnCHHlI,

pcnCBaHTHoro .n;nll OT.n;enbHbIX KaTeropHA (HanpHMep, '1HCna H na.n;elKa),

cnoBo06pa30BaTcnbHblX cIlopMaHTOB HnH 3aCTbIBWHX cIlOHeTH'IeCKHX HB-

neHHA.B CB1I3H C H3y'leHHeM CTpyKTypbI HH.n;HBH.n;yanbHoro neKCHKOHa Ha

MaTcpHanc aCCOQHaTHBHblX noneA pyccKoro 1I3bIKa MHOIO 6b1no BbI.n;BH-

HyTO npc.n;nonOlKeHHe 0 nonHoA HnH nO'ITH nonHoA neKCHKanH3aUHH rpaM-

MaTHKH B neKCHKOHe. rHnOTC3a nony'lHn8 '1aCTH'IHOe no.n;TBeplK.n;eHHe B

npHBc.n;eHHOM H.Jl. qynKHHoA aHanH3e nCKCHKanH30B8HHblX HBneHHA

B "CnOBape aCCOQHaTHBHblX HOpM pyccKoro Jl3b1Ka,,3. )lnJl BcpHcIlHKaQHH

rHnOTC3b1 B CHnbHOM CCBapHaHTe He06xo.n;HM 60nee 06WHpHblA MaTcpHan,

KOTOpbIA MOlKCT 6b1TL nony'leH no 3aBepWCHHH pa60TbI Ha.n; ••ACCOQHa-

THBHbIM Te3aypycoM pyccKoro Jl3b1Ka", Mo.n;enHpylOmHM BCIOaCCOQHaTHBHO-

Bep6anbHylO CCTb cpe.n;Hero HOCHTenJi Jl3b1Ka.

Tcncpb npHwno BpeMJI c.n;enaTb oTcTynneHHe OT 06cylK.n;eHHJI BonpOCOB

CTpyKTypbl c06CTBeHHO neKCHKOHa H norOBopHTL 0 npaBOMepHOCTH H

~cneco06pa3HOCTH BBc.n;eHHJI HOBblX H HenpHBbI'IHblX TCpMHHOB, TaKHX,

KaK rpaMMaTHKOH H nparMaTHKOH. )lyMaeTCJI, '1TO HcnonL30BaHHe HX

MOlKeT 6b1Tb onpaB.n;aHHblM no cnc.n;YlOmHM co06palKeHHJlM. C TO'lICH3peHHJInpe.n;CTaBneHHA 0 noypoBHeBoA CTpyKType H3bIKOBOH nH'IHOCTH (CM. CXC-

My I), TepMHH nparMaTHlCoH nonHOCTblO nOKpblBaeT BblCWHA ypoBeHb

3TOA CTpyKTypbI - MOTHBaQHoHHblA, H o.n;HOBpeMCHHO, 6naro.n;apJl cBoeA

BHyTpeHHeA cIlOPMC. BlCnlO'IaeT npc.n;cTaBncHHc 0 CHCTeMHoA opraHH3aQHH

COCTaBnJllOmHX ero e.n;HHHQ, oTHoweHHA H cTepcoTHnoB (T.e. 06pa3uoB

coe.n;HHeHHJIe.n;HHHQC nOMOmLIO THnOBLlX oTHoweHHA). KpoMe Toro, no

cBoeii MOPcllcMHOA cTpyKType 06a TepMHHa XopOWO cornacylOTcH C Tep-

MHHOM "neKcHKoH". BblnOnHJllOmHM aHaJ10rH'IHYIO ponb .n;nJl nepBoro -

aCCoUHaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'ICCKOrO HnH neKcHKo-rpaMMaTH'IeCKOrO ypOBHJI.

no aHanorHH C neKCHKOHOM, rpaMMaTHKoHoM H nparMaTHlCoHoM cne-

IHazu6uIl 10. nepeKyp 1/ COBpeMeHHHK. M., 1984. C. 3.2BUllozpaOOil B.B. PyccKHII .3Io1K: rpaMMaTH'IecKoe y'leHHe 0 CJlOBe. M., 1972.''1YAICUIiD H.n. MOAeJll. JlCKCHKOH8.HOCHTeJl. pY~~Koro .3WKa KaK cnoeo6 npe,ACT8BJleHH.

lIeKCH'IeCKOACHCTeMIoI.K,lJ,. M., 1986.

,nOBaJlO 6bJ BBeCTH Cne~HaJlbHbIH TepMHH .nJIR KOrHHTHBHOrO, HJlH Te-

3aYPYCHOrO, ypOBHR. ECTeCTBeHHbJM 3,neCb Ka3aJlOCb 61,1 ynoTpe6J1I1Tb

TCpMHH "ceMaHTHKoH", HMCR B BH,ny, 'ITO Te3aypycHoe npe,nCTaBJleHHe

ceMaHTHKH RBJlSleTCSIHaH60Jlee nOJlHbJM H corJlaCYIO~HMCII C CHCTeMoA

3HaHHH 0 MHpe. Ho :no npOCTOC peweHHC BbJ3bJBaCT cpa3Y >KC Maccy

BonpOCOB H B03pa>KeHHH: se,nb cCMaHTHKa, 06YCJlOBJleHHaSl H onpe,ne-

JlCHHbIM 06pa30M opHeHTHpOBaHHaR HMCIO~CHCR y HH,nHBH,na CHCTCMOH

3HaHHH 0 MHpe, npe,nCTaBJlCHa H B JleKCHKOHe, a no MHeHHIO HeKOTopbIX

HCCJlc,nOBaTeJleH4, CCMaHTHKa B JlCKCHKOHe KaK pa3 H Bonno~acT caM

Te3aypyc JlH'IHOCTH, T.e. nOJlHOCTblO TO>K,neCTBeHHa 3HaHHSlM 0 MHpe.

A 3Ha'lHT "JlCKCHKOH" nOJlHOCTblO COBna,naCT C "Tc3aYPycoM" H npCA-

JlaraCMOe B Hawcii KJlaCcH$HKa~HH pa3AeJleHHC ncpBoro H BToporo

ypOBHcH B CTpyKTypC 113bIKOBOA JlH'IHOCTH (CM. CXCMa I) OKa3blBaCTCII

HepeJleBaHTHbIM. KpoMe Toro, B JleKCHKOHe, KaK CKa3aHO BbIwe, "pa3J1HTa",

pacnpc,nCJlCHa rpaMMaTHKa, KOTopaSl no caMoH cBocR CyTH TCCHbIM 06-

pa30M CBSl3aHa co 3HaHHSlMH 0 MHpe, H Tor,na rOBopHTb 0 rpaMMaTH-

'IeCKOM $oHAe, HJlH 0 "rpaMMaTHKoHe", JlH'IHOCTH, TO>KC KaK 6YATO

He HMeeT CMbICJla. TeM HC MCHee, MO>KHO nonLlTaTbCR B caMOM ncpBOM

npH6J1H>KCHHH nOKa3aTb CXCMaTH'ICCKH B3aHMOOTHOWCHHSIH B3aHMonpo-

HHKHOBeHHe ypoBHeH 113L1KOBOHJlH'IHOCTH, paCCMOTpeHHLlX paHccno-

p03Hb, KaK caMOCTOIITCJlbHLlC, OTAaBaR cc6c OT'ICT B TOM, 'ITO no-

Ao6HalI CXCMa C~C He OTpa>KaeT nO.nJIHHHoro. B3aHMOACHCTBHRypOBHcii,

HO nOKa3L1BaCT CJlO>KHOCTbHX OTHoweHHA H HeB03MO>KHOCTb OTpa>KCHHSI

HX B ,nByxMepHoM (a BepOSlTHO, H B TpeXMepHOM) npOCTpaHCTBe. ,I:(nll

'IHTaTCJlR >KC TaKaR cxeMa npORCHHT aBTopCKOC nOHHMaHHC HCCJleAYc-

MOH cHTya~HH H yTO'lHHT 061tCKT onHcaHHSI B AaHHOM pa3ACJlC. Ha'laJlb-

HLlMH 6yKBaMH Jl, r, C, il 0603Ha'iCHbI Ha CXCMC MaJlbIC KpyrH, CHMBO-

JlH3HpYIO~He COOTBeTCTBeHHO JlCKCHKOH, rpaMMaTHKOH, ceMaHTHKOH H

nparMaTHKOH R3L1KOBOH JlH'IHOCTH. C y'lCTOM rHnOTe3L1 0 JleKCHKaJlH3a-

~HH rpaMMaTHKH B JleKCHKOHC HX nepeCe'leHHe (B 'IaCTHOCTH, KpyroB

Jl H r, HO BHAHMO, 3TO B paBHoR Mcpe KacaCTCII TaK>Ke H B3aHMO-

npOHHKHOBeHHSI ceMaHTHKH H nparMaTHKH, a 3Ha'lHT, H nepeCe'leHHII

KpyroB C H il) ,nOJl>KHO 6L1Tb 60JlbWC, rny6>Ke, 'IeM 3TO MO>KHOH306pa-

3HTb Ha cxeMe 6e3 y~ep6a .nJIII HarJlRAHOCTH pHcyHKa. ilyHKTHpOM

(H 6yKBOii T) OTMe'leHa c$cpa 3HaHHH 0 MHpC, HJlH Te3aypyc JlH'IHOCTH.

ECJlH cxeMa 1 CTpyKTypbI 113bIKOBOHJlH'IHOCTH npe,nCTaBJllleT c060ii ee

noypoBHCBbIA "npo$HJlb", TO npHBo,nHMall HH>Ke CXCMa 2 MO>KeT TpaKTO-

BaTbCSI (npo,nOJl>KaR HCnOJlb30BaTb TepMHHbI nJlaHHMeTpHH) KaK "BHA

CBCPXY" HJlH "nJlaH" opraHH3a~HH Sl3bIKoBoR JlH'IHOCTH.

Acco~HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCKaSl CCTb (60JlbWOH Kpyr Ha cxeMe), KOTopaSl

CTpOHTClI H3 eAHHH~ JleKCHKOHa (a ero COCTaBJlSlIOT He TOJlbKO CJlOBa),

eCTeCTBeHHLlM 06pa30M BKJlIO'IaeT ero ~CJlHKOM B CBOIOc$cpy, TaK >KeKaK,

BnpO'lCM, H CCMaHTHKOH, C HHM Hepa3pbIBHO CBR3aHHbIH. KOMMyHHKa-

THBHali >KCcen (npaBblH 60JlbwoA Kpyr), Y3J1aMH KOTOpoii ,nOJl>KHLI6blTb

eAHHH~LI nparMaTHKOHa, OXBaTLlBaeT nOMHMO Hcro H rpaMMaTHKOH,

·CM., H8npHMep: 3aAe6CI<OJl A.A. HH~OPM8I.\HOHHblA Te38yPYc '1eJlOBeKB KaK 6838 pe'le'

MblCJlHTeJlbHol! AellTeJlbHOCTH / / HCCJleAOB8HHlI pe'leBOrO MblWJleHHlI B nCHXOJlHHrBHCTHICe.

M., 1985. C. 150-171.

90

CXCMB 2CtpyKtypa .' •• KOIOil n••••llocn'

II

II

KOMMyHHKaTHBHO OpHCHTHpOBaHHbIH no caMoii cBocii npHpoAe. TC3aypyc

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BXOAlI~HX B CTpyKTypy R3bIKOBOii JlH'IHOCTH, TorAa KaK RAPO nOCJleAHeii

06pa3yeTcII ncpCCC'ICHHCM Bcex 6e3 HCKJlIO'IeHHll ee COCTaBJlRIO~HX H

nOMe'leHO Ha cxeMe >KHpHbIMH JlHHHRMH.

COMHHTCJlbHLlM AOJl>KHO Ka3aTbCli ,nCJleHHC CTpyKTypLl Ha Bep6aJlH30-

BaHHylO H HeBep6aJlH30BaHHble 'IaCTH, npOXOAlI~ec no rpaHH~aM IIApa

1I3bIKOBOii JlH'IHOCTH. B TOM, 'ITO KacaeTCR nparMaTHKOHa H rpaMMaTH-

KOHa, CKenCHC MO>KeT 6bITb MCHbWC, nOCKOJlbKY Te3HC 0 HeOC03HaH-

HOCTH HH,nHBHAyyMOM pRAa c06CTBeHHbiX MOTHBOB, yCTaHoBOK, ueJleii H

HHTeH~HOHaJlbHOCTeii, TO'lHO TaK >Ke KaK 3HallHTeJlbHOrO 'IHCJla rpaM-

MaTH'ICCKHX 3aKOHOB, npaBHJI H CTpyKTyp, RBJlIICTCII 6eccnopHbIM. KOJlb

CKOpO OHH HC npoxoART 'Iepe3 c$epy HHAHBHAyaJlbHoro C03HaHHll, OHH

MoryT OCTaBaTbCli H HCBCp6aJlH30BaHHbIMH B cTpyKType AaHHoii 1131,1-

KOBOHJlH'IHOCTH. Bep6aJlH30BaHHali 'IaCTb TeM caMbIM OTHOCHTCli K c$cpe

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OnCpHpOBaHHII npCueAeHTHblMH TelCCTaMH AaHHOH lCynbTypbl (CM. HHlKC).

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8 :HOM OTHoweHHH COCTaB nCICCHICOHanOXOlK Ha 6acccAH, B 1C0TOpOM

npoHcxoAHT nOCTOIlHHoe J],BH)I(CHHCcnoeB BOAbi - OJ],HH BOCXOAIIT H ne-

peMclllalOTcli Ha nOBepxHocTb, J],pyrHe onyclCalOTclI BHH3. lloJ],06Hall cc-

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nOTcHUHanbHoro cnoBapll - B aICTHBHblA, ApyrHc, Hao60poT, OTOABH-ralOTCR B naccHBHblH 3anac It MoryT 6b1Tb Bo06111C BblTCCHeHbI H3 na-

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• DOpAOC B. ACCOL\HaTHIIHwll nOHCIC II HOllwll MHp. 1986. N 7.'TaM lICe. C. 231. 232.

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(lI3WlCa nH, nH'IHOCTH nH - 3TO Bce paBHO), He HMceT o.o;H03Ha'iHOA

npHnHCICH, CKa>KeM, TonbICO IC Te3aypycy, HnH TonbICO IC ceMaHTHKoHy

H T.A. Ka>K)lali eAHHHua 0ICa3b1BaeTCli MapICHpOBaHHoA lCaK MHHHMyM

TpeMli HHACKcaMH, a B MaICcHMyMe - BceMH nliTblO, T.e. JI, r, C, n H T.

3Ta MHO>KeCTBeHHOCTbOCHOBaHHA aCCOUHHpOBaHHlI OTlCpWBaeTCli H npH

aHanH3e OTAenbHoA aHKeTW, H npH aHanH3e nonJl B aCCOUHaTHBHOM

cnosape, H npH nOAo6HOM paCCMOTpeHHH 4lparMcHTa aCCOUHaTHBHoro

Te3aypyca. OHa npOJlBnlleTClI, B '1aCTHOCTH, TalC>Ke B MCnb'laAweA

"ICneTO'llCe" KnaccH41HlCa~HoHHoA CTpyICTypW, H ce MO>KHO 06Hapy>KHTb

B 111060M nyHKTe KaIC 6YATO 6w AO 1C0Hua AOBe.o;CHHoA KnaccH41HKaUHH.

Cp., HanpHMep, KnaccH41HKaUHIO "npO'lHX" rpaMMaTH'ICCICHX OTHoweHHA,

He BoweAWHX B "MOAenH ABYX cnOB" (CTp. 100). K nlO60My H3 BW,lle-

neHHWX 3AeCb OCHOBaHHA MO>KHO .o;06aBHTb KaK MHHHMyM elUe O.o;HO,

lCalC npaBHno, ceMaHTH'IeCICOe, 6y.o;b TO napa >Ka>K.o;a- .0;0>KAb, 6e3-

AenbHHIC - CH.o;enbHHKHnH ceMli - nneMli.

3Ta OC06eHHOCTb B opraHH3aUHH nCKCHKOHa n03BOnJleT rOBopHTb

o cne~H41H'IeCICOA 3aICOHOMepHOCTH, cBoAcTBeHHoA BceA aCCOUHaTHBHO-

ceMaHTH'IeCICOH ceTH, - 0 3aICOHe H36b1TO'lHOCTH CBJl3eA .o;BYX nlO6wx

lCoppenHpylOlUHX B HeA eAHHHU: ecnH CB1I3b HMeeT MeCTO, ecnH OHa

peanbHa, TO OHa He eAHHH'IHa, He o.o;HonpH3HalCOBa, a no.u;.u;ep)f(HBaeTCli

HeClConbICHMH ApyrHMH npH3HalCaMH, HnH OCHOBaHHlIMH. 3Ta 3aICOHO-

MepHOCTb, 6e3ycnoBHo, CB1I3aHa C H36WTO'lHOCTblO Jl3WlCa, H36WTO'l-

HOCTblO TeKCTa, lIBnllllCb nH60 cneACTBHeM nocnCAHeA, nH60, Ha060pOT,

ee nepBOnpH'IHHoH.

cnOC06W PEKOHCTPYKUHH HH~HBH~YA~LHOrO ~EKCHKOHAH rPAMMATHKOHA

nOCne npOBe.o;eHHWX paccy>KAeHHA 0 MCCTe neKCHICOHa B cTpyKType

1I3bJKOBOA nH'IHOCTH CTaHOBHTCJI lICHO, 'ITO ,D;nll ero xapaKTepHCTHKH

CYlUecTBeHHbI 06anapaMeTpa - H COCTaB, H CTpyKTypa. OKa3b1BaeTClI,

BOcc03.o;aHHe Toro H .o;pyroro o.o;HOBpeMeHHO npeACTaBnlleT c060D .0;0-

Bom.HO CnO>KHylO 3aAa'ly. npHHQHnHanbHO MO>KHO C'IHTaTb yCTaHoBncH-

101

HbIM, '1TO neKCHKOH opraHH30BaH no ceTeBoMy npHHI.\Hny, T.e. OCHOBa

ero CTpyKTypbI 3a~aeTCH aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-eeMaHTHtieCKOH ceTblO. IIpalC-

THKa Hccne~OBaHHH B :nOH 06naCTH nOKa3bIBaeT, '1TO nocne~HIOIO

MO>KHO CTpOHTb AByMH cnoc06aMH: nH60 Ha OCHOBe npHMoro aCCOI.\Ha-

THBHoro 3KcnepHMeHTa, nH60 no HToraM aHanH3a npe~CTaBHTenbHoro

MaCCHBa npOH3BeAeHHbIX nH'IHOCTblO TeKCTOB. Ha nepBOM nyTH MbI HMeeM,

C O~HOH CTOpOHbI, TOHKHe Ha6nlOAeHHH HaA oc06eHHOCTHMH B3aHMO-

CBH3eH cy6beKTHBHbIX CMbIcnOB B OrpaHH'IeHHOM npOCTpaHCTBe ICaKorO-TO

He60nbworo elJparMeHTa HHAHBHAYanbHOH aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTHtieCKOA

ceTH. 3TO 6e3ycnoBHo HHTepeCHoe H none3Hoe HanpaBneHHe, KOTopoe

MO>KHO Ha3BaTb ~HelJelJepeHI.\HanbHbIM, nOCKonbICY B ero peanH3aI.\HH HC-

cne~OBaTenb HCXO~HT H3 Toro, '1TO OCHOBHaH '1aCTb aCCOI.\HaTHBHO-

ceMaHTHtieCICOH ceTH H3BeCTHa, KaK 6bI 3apaHee 3a~aHa, a I.\enb co-

CTOHT B BbIHBneHHH OTICnOHeHHH OT Hee, B onHcaHHH AHelJelJepeHI.\H-

PYIOII.\HX HH~HBH~yanbHbIx npH3HaKOB H "B03MYII.\eHHH", BHOCHMbIX at

elJeKTHBHO-BoneBbIMH elJaKTopaMH H cHTyaTHBHoH YCTaHOBICoA MOMeHTa •

TaICHM 06pa30M, I.\eHHOCTb 3Toro nO~XOAa A1IH Hac - '1HCTO MeTO~H-

'1eCKaH, nOCIConbKY H3BeCTHbIM 3.o.eCb nonaraeTCH KaK pa3 TO, '1TO B

HaweM cny'lae HBnHeTCH HCKOMbIM - KOHICpeTHbIH COCTaB Bcero neK-

CHICOHa H xapaKTep opraHH3aI.\HH HMeHHO ~aHHoro COCTaBa. C ~pyroA

CTOpOHbI, Ha nyTH npHMoro 3ICcnepHMeHTa MbI HMeeM H HHbIe pe3ynb-

TaTbI: ICor~a 3KcnepHMeHT CTaHOBHTCH MaCCOBbIM, TO OH n03BonlieT

BOCC03~aTb ICaK 61.1 caMO Teno aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTHtieCKOH ceTH, T.e.

YlKe He ~HelJ4JepeHI.\HanbHYIO, a HHTerpanbHylO ee '1aCTb. Pe3ynbTaTbI ng-

~06HbIX 3ICcnepHMeHTOB pe31OMHpYlOTCli aCCOI.\HaTHBHbIMH cnOBapHMH ,

HnH >Ke 3Ha'lHTenbHbIMH elJparMeHTaMH18

, HnH >Ke, B 60nee nonHOM BH~e,

MoryT 6bITb 06be~HHeHbI B aCCOI.\HaTHBHOM Te3aypyce. O,lJ.HaKO nony-

'1eHHe 3THX npeHMyII.\eCTB, T.e. nonHOTbI, AOCTHraeTCli CTaTHCTH'IeCKH,

a 3Ha'lHT, 3a C'IeT yTpaTId HH~HBH.o.yanbHOCTH: Mid nony'laeM ycpe~-

HeHHylO no CTpyKType H CHnbHO pacwHpeHHylO no cocTaBy aCCOI.\HaTHBHO-

ceMaHTH'IecKylO ceTb, KOTopaR C 60nbwoA ~oneH ycnoBHoCTH MO>KeT

6bITb "HHTpanonHpOBaHa" (ecnH MO>KHO TalC Bblpa3HTbCH), T.e. nepe-

Ca>KeHa B ronoBy HH~HBHAYYMa, OTHeceHa K OTAenbHOH nH'IHOCTH, HICOTopali RBnReT c060A CKopee nOTeHI.\HanbHOe none B03MO>KHOCTelt,

npe~OCTaBnlleMbIX R3bIKOM cpe~HeMY HOCHTenlO H HHICor~a B npo.o.yK-

THBHOH ~eRTenbHOCTH HM nonHOCTblO He peanH3yeMbiX.

ECTeCTBeHHbIH XO~ paCCY>KAeHHH nO~CKa3bIBaeT Aanee npOCTOH KaX

6YATO BbIXOA H3 3THX npOTHBOpe'lHH, a HMeHHO, coe.o.HHeHHe .o.H4J-

eJlepeHI.\HanbHOro no.o.XOAa C HHTerpanbHbIM, 'ITO Morno 61.1 BbIpa3HTbclI,

HanpHMcp, B nocTpoeHHH aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCKOA ceTH HHAHBHAYanb-

HOCTH, HnH "HAHoceTH", T.e. B npRMoM i1occo3AaHHH neKCHKOHa oTAenbHO

B311TOHnH'IHOCTH. IIo~06HbIH 3ICcnepHMeHT Mor 61d BbInHTbCli B nnaHO-

"CM., HanpHMCp: nempeHKO B. <1>. BBCP,CHHCB )KCnCpHMcHTaJlbHylO nCHXOCCMaHTHICY:

Hccncp,OBaHHC cl»OpM penpe3CHTaUHH B 06b1p,CHHOMC03HaHHH. M., 1983. ."CnoBapb aCCOUHaTHBHblX HOpM PyccJ[oro R3b1K8 / nop, pep,. A.A. JIcoHTbCBa. Moo

H3p,.Mry. 1977. H-"CM., HanpHMcp: 3DAeSCKQR A.A. np06nCMbI opraHH3aUHH BHyTpeHHcro nCICCHJ[O

'1cnOBeICa. KaJlHHHH, 1977; KAuMeHKo A.n. JIcICCH'ICCICall CHCTCMHOCTb H ee nCHXonllHr•

BHCTH'ICCICOCH3y'lCHHC. MHHCIC, 1974.

102

rvtepHoe H y>Ke He pacnpe~eneHHoe B npOCTpaHCTBe, a npOTH>KeHHOe BOapeMeHH nOCTORHHoe H HC'IepnbIBalOII.\ee aCCOI.\HHpOBaHHe O~HOH HH~H-

aH,ll.yanbHOcTblO, npH'IeM cyMMapHoe 'IHCnO cTHMynoB, Hcnonb3yeMblx B Ta-

ICOM 3ICcnepHMeHTe, Heo6xo~HMO 6bInO 61.1 yBcnH'IHTb no cpaBHeHHIO,

ClCalKeM, C HCXO,ll.HOATbICR'IeA, nOnO>KeHHOH B OCHOBy ynoMHHaBwerocli

acCOI.\HaTHBHoro Te3aypyca pyccKoro R3bIICa. O~HaKo nOA06Hoe peweHHe

aOnpoca e,ll.Ba nH MO>KeT npHBecTH K >KenaeMoMy pe3ynbTaTy B cHny

cnoC06HOCTH '1enOBeKa K 06y'leHHIO: B np0I.\ecce TaKoro "noHrHTIOAHoro"

HCcne~oBaHHR caM HcnbITyeMbIH HeH36e>KHO npH06peTaeT CneI.\HelJH'IeCKHH

npoelJeccHoHanH3M H nOCTeneHHO ero aCCOI.\HaI.\HHHa'lHHaIOT yTpa'lHBaTb

He06xo,ll.HMbIH B 3THX cny'laRx cnoHTaHHbIH xapaKTep, '1TO npHBe~eT K

HCKa>KCHHIO HCTHHHOH KapTHHbl - H no cocTaBy, H no cTpyKType

BOcc03~aBaeMoH TaKHM 06pa30M aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCKOH ceTH. B03-

MYII.\alOII.\ee BnHRHHe ycnoBHH aCCOI.\HaTHBHoro 3KcnepHMeHTa Ha ero pe-

3ynbTaT npoHBnReTcR ,ll.a>Ke B cTaH~apTHblx cHTyaI.\HlIX ICnaCCH'leCKOro

O~Hopa30Boro aHKeTHpoBaHHlI. KOr,ll.a 3a.o.a'la HcnblTyeMoro COCTOHTB TOM.

'1T06bI ~aTb OTBeTbI nHwb Ha 100 cnoB-cTHMynoB. IifH~HBHAyanbHaH

cHTyaTHBHali yCTaHoBKa, oc06eHHocTb 3MOI.\HOHanbHoro COCTOllHHH B MO-

MeHT 3KcnepHMeHTa, a TaK>Ke cny'laHHoe coce~CTBO HnH He06bI'IHaHICOHI.\eHTpaI.\HlIcnoB-cTHMynoB, KOTopble KOMnneKTYIOTcli B aHICeTYno 3aKO-

Hy cny'laHHbIx 'IHCen, MoryT HaB1I3bIBaTb HcnblTyeMoMy Mo~enb nOBeAeHHlInpH aCCOI.\HHpOBaHHH,KOTopali HCICa>KaeTxapaKTep OTpa>KaeMOrO B 3Kcne-

pHMeHTe elJparMeHTa aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCICOH ceTH. Bce 3TH HCKa-

lKeHHR, BHOCHMble ycnoBHHMH 3KcnepHMeHTa, CTaTHCTH'IeCKH HCHTpanH-

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aHKeT HX MO>KHO Ha6nlO~aTb ~oBonbHO OT'IeTnHBO. TaK, H3 3HaKOMCTBa

C nepBbIMH napTHHMH aHKeT no aCCOI.\HaTHBHOMY Te3aypycy pyccKoro

1I3bIKa Cne,ll.yeT, 'ITO, HanpHMep, cnOBa-cTHMynbI B ICOCBeHHbIX elJopMax

'1aCTOBbI3bIBalOT peaKI.\HIO B BHAe KnHwe HnH >Ke 3HaKOB, OTpa>KalOII.\HX

THnOBble cHTyaI.\HH (0 TOBapHII.\aX - He cnopllT, 06 OTI.\aX - He cnopHT;

H3 aHKeTbl N 832); 'ITO KOCBeHHble elJOPMbl O~Horo H Toro >Ke cnOBa

cTHMynHpylOT O'leHb nOXO>KHe peaICI.\HH (npOCHT - BepHyTb, npOCHTb -

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H3 aHKeTbI N 563); 'ITO Ha BeCb np0I.\eCC aCCOI.\HHpOBaHHlI MO>KeT

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aHKeTbI cnOBO (CMOTpHM - BH>KY,CMOTpHT - BH~lIT, KOH'IaTb - BH~eTb,

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'1ecICoii ceTH, KOTopali cOBna.o.aeT C HH~HBHAYanbHblM neKcHKoHOM, e~-

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KOHa, HO He ero CTpyKTypa. IIPH 3TOM "cnOBapb H3blKa nHcaTenll",

KalC 6b1no nOKa3aHO Bblwe, He MO>KeT paCI.\eHHBaTbCH KaK KOHCTPYKI.\HlI,

TOlKAeCTBeHHaH HAHoneKcHKoHy, nOCKonbICY cnOBapb nHcaTenli cnaraeT-

ell H3 MHororonOCbH, H3 MHO>KeCTBa H~HoneKCHICOHOB. CnOBapb mlca-

Tenll, 6e3ycnoBHo, 06na,naeT HH,nHBHAYanbHbIM KOnOpHTOM, HO nocne,n-

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nepCOHallCeit Xy,nOllCeCTBeHHOe OTKpbITHe B nHTepaType CB1I3bIBaeTCfI, B

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lionee O,nHOpO,nHbIM B 3TOM OTHoweHHH H B 60nbweA CTeneHH

npH6nHlICeHHbIM K H,nHoneKcHKoHy npe,ncTaBnflJlClI 6b1 CJlOBapb JlHpH'IeCKOA

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pOHHTCR 06b1,neHHoro 1I3bIKa, CTpeMlICb OCTaTbCR B paMICax oc060ro

n03TH'IeCKOrO MHpa, 06cnyllCHBaeMoro CBOHM OC06bIM fl3bIKOM. 3TH HAeH

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COCTaB HH,nHBH,nyaJlbHOrO neKCHICOHa n03Ta npe,nCTaBneH 06bI'IHO CJlOBo-

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MOllCeT 6bITb npoBe,neH no MHorHM H pa3Ho06pa3HblM napaMeTP.aM.

TalC, aJlellaBHTHO-'1aCTOTHbiA YIC83aTeJlL K npoH3Be,neHHlIM M.ID. JIepMoH-

TOBa23, HanpHMep, ,naeT npe,ncTaBJleHHe 06 06'beMe neICCH'IeCICOrOeIIoH,na

(OH co,nepllCHT OKOJlO 15000 p83HblX CJlOB) H 06 ynoTpe6HTeJlbHOCTH CJlOBa

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ITywKHHa OH ,naeT B03MOllCHOCTb Cy,nHTL "0 "TeMaTH'IeCICHX npHCTpac-

19AumMamo8 'I. nnaxa II HOBwll MHp. 1986. N 6, 8, 9.'0MOKOHUH B. npeATe~a. M.: COB. nHc:aTenJ., 1983"E('UH C. HMHT8TOP: 3aRHCKH '1cCTomo6HBoro '1CnOBCK8 II HOBWIl MHD. 1985. N 2."rpuo>opl>t!(J B.n. n03TH1:8 cnOB8. M., 1979."JlCPMOHTOBCKBOI 3HlIHKnonCAHIi. M., 1981. C. 717-762.

THlIX 3noxH" H nH'IHbIX oc06eHHoCTRX Toro H ,npyroro aBTopa. AHanH3

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cnOB. YCTaHoBHB CTaTHCTH'IecKyJO CTpyKTypy neKCHKH JICpMoHTOBa26,

MhI MOllCeM onpe,ncnHTL CTeneHb neKCH'IeCKOrO pa3Ho06pa3HlI ,nHcrcypca

n03Ta, KOTopaR o Ka3b1BaeTClI, KCTaTH CKa3aTL, He cnHWKOM 60nbwoA:

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KOHICop,naHca IC npOH3Be,neHHRM n03Ta. ITPH OTCyTCTBHH KOHKOpAaHCa

nepBoe npH6nHlICeHHe ICpeKOHCTpYICI.\HHceTH aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCKHX

CBR3eH B H,nHonerccHKoHe n03Ta ,naeT cnOBapb PHeIIM27• ITo cpaBHCHHJO

C 06b1'1HbIM neICCHICOHOMcpe,nHero HOCHTenll 1I3bIICa (CM. Bblwe aHanH3

aHICeTbi aCCOI.\HaTHBHoro 3ICcnepHMeHTa) ,nonll pHeIIM-aCCOI.\HaTOB 3,neCb,

eCTeCTBeHHO, BO MHoro pa3 Bblwe, '1TO HeCKonbKO MeHReT caM xa-

paICTep aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCICOHceTH. TaK, y JIepMoHTOBa, no HaWHM

nO~C'IeTaM, 60nee 17 TbiC. pHeIIM (0 ICono 35 TbiC. CTHXOTBOpHhIX

CTpOIC), '1TO npH 06'beMe neICCHKOHa B 15 TbIC. cnOB Ha 342 TbiC.

cnoBoynoTpe6neHHA rOBopHT 0 TOM, '1TO pHeIIMoBaHHblM RBnReTCR ICallC-

,noe nllToe cnoBoynoTpe6neHHe28

• BMeCTe C TeM H3 conOCTaBnCHHfI '1HCna

pHeIIMoBaHHblX nap C 06mHM 06'beMOM neICCHICOHaH Ha OCHOBe npe,nBa-

pHTenbHbIX no,nC'IeTOB no cnOBapJO pHeIIM MOllCHO c,nenaTb BbIBO,n, '1TO

60nee nonOBHHbI pHeIIMoBaHHblx nap COCTaBnllJOT cnOBa He B HyneBoA

HCXO,nHOA, a B ToA HnH HHOA ICOCBeHHoA rpaMMaTH'IeCICOA eIIOPM;

(6omopee - mpYOHee. 60cmUOHOM - wnuoHOM. QAmapJI - ZOBOpJl H

T.n.). C TO'lICH 3peHHlI OTpallCeHHR rpaMMaTHKOHa nH'IHOCTH B ee HAHO-

JleKCHICoHe 6bIno 6b1 nOy'lHTenbHO npoaHanH3HpOBaTb 06'beM H xapaICTep

"T8M lICC.C. 762-763."TaM lICC.C. 765-773."T8M lICC.C. 773."TaM lICC.C. 666-716.'"1>_""'PC~81OIQHCCII B 8ccOllKaTHBHOM 3I:CnCpHMeHTe aHlCeTbi C TalColI Aonell (20-25%)

pHcIlMoB8HHblx nap "cTHMyn-pc81C1IKII", 1C81CnpaBMo, C~KT8IOTCII "Hcnop~eHHwMH", T.C. 38-

nonHCHHblMK C H8pyweHHcM ycnOBHII 3JCCnCpHMCHT8, nOClConblCY HcnblTyeMwll pearHpyeT

118 CTHMyn I:8IC 6b1 YllCC HC cnOHTaHHO, a peanH3yll C03HaTenbHYlO YCTaHOBICYHa pHclJMY.

Ho BOT Bonpoc, a ~TO ccnH 3T8 YCTaHOBlCa HcnblryeMoro IIBnllCTCIi Hcoco3HaHHoil

II npHHlIHnHanbHO AOMHHHPYIOIJ.\clI 8 cro pe~CBOM nOBCAcHHH, T.e. npHCYlQclI CMYBCcrAa B cHny n03TH~ccKolI CKnOHHOCTH, a HC OICa3b1BaCTClinpHHIITolI HM CHIOMHHynlO

C l\cnblO HaBlI3aTb CBOIO Hrpy H nOMCH8TbC8 C 3KcncpHMeHTaTopOM pOnJlMH, npeB-

paTHB cro B HcnblTycMoro7 TorAa Bonpoc 0 Bbl6,PaKOBKC nOJ\06HblX aHICCT CTaHOBHTCIIBecbMa np06nCMaTH~HblM.

rpaMMaTH'leCKHX ):(aHHb/X B ClIOBape pH$M, ):(aB O):(HOBpeMeHHO CeMaHTH-

'leCKHH aHalIH3 3TOH 'laCTH aCCO~HaTHBHOH CeTH B COnOCTaBlIeHHH

C pH$MOBaHHbIMH napaMH B npliMOH, ClIOBapHOH $OpMe. Ho BCe 3TH,

KaK H .Pll):( ):(pyrHx Ha6mo):(eHHH H o606ll.\eHHH Ha OCHOBe nepe'lHCJleHHblX

CJlOBapeH n03TH'leCKOrO H):(HOJleKCHKOHa,):(alOT B03MOllCHOCTbBOCCTaHOBHTb

H ):(aTb Ka'leCTBeHHylO H KOJlH'leCTBeHHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKy CTpyKTyph/ lIHWb

He3Ha'lHTelIbHOH 'laCTH aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'leCKOH H):(HoceTH. PeKOH-CTPYKI.\HlI lICe nOlIHOH CTpyKTypHOH KapTHHbl Tpe6yeT 06pall.\eHHlI K KOH-

Kop):(aHcy.llpH HanH'lHH KOHKop):(aHca K n03TH'leCKHM TeKCTaM HCClIe):(OBaTeJlb

BOCCTaHaBlIHBaeT Bce CHHTaKCH'leCKHe H napa):(HrMaTH'leCKHe CB1I3H ClIOB-

~eHTpOB ceMaHTH'leCKOrO npHTlilICeHHlI, cBoe06pa3HblX crycTKoB aCCO~Ha-

THBHOH 3HeprHH, o6pa3ylOll.\HX Y3J1b/ H):(HoceTH. 06pa3e~ TaKoro aHaJlH3a

HaXO):(HM YllCe y A.l'eJloro: "TpH nona TpOliKO ):(p0611T HaM npHpo):(y;

TpH npHpO):(b1 ):(pyr C ):(pyroM BpallC):(ylOT B HX TBOp'leCTBaX; TpH

KapTHHbl, TpH MHpa, TpH COJlH~a, TpH MeCJI~a; TpH BO):(bl; TpOliKoe

npe):(CTaBneHbe 0 B03):(yxe; H - TpOJIKOe He60.HO'lHOe CBeTHlIO y llywKHHa - lICeHll.\HHa, OHa, JlyHO, BpallC):(e6HO-

TpeBOllCHaJi qopuqo HOllU (reKaTa); MyllCecTBeHHO OTHoweHHe K HeA

nona, OHa TpeBOllCHT, - OH ):(eHCTBHe ee 06pall.\aeT HaM B WyTKy

H Ha3blBaeT "zJlynou" JJyHy, 3aCTaBJJJleT ee CMeHJlTb "TYCKJJble $OHapH";

B 85 cny'laJlx 70 pa3 y Hero CBeTHJJO - JlyHO, H 15 pa3 Bcero -

MeCJlI4(He npaB):(a JJH, xapaKTepHblH ):(nJi TOHKoro KpHTHKa WTpHX?).

Ha060poT, TIOT'leB 3HaeT nHWb "MeCJlq" (nO'lTH He 3HaeT "JlYHbl");OH - "6oz", H OH - "UHUU', JJblOll.\HH B ):(ywy nOKOH, He TpeBOllCall.\HH H

YCbmJJJlIOll.\HH ):(ywy; lICeHCTBeHHOOTHoweHHe K "MeCJlqy" ):(yWH TIOT'leBa;

H OHa MHpOTBOpHO BlIe'leTCJI 3a HHM B "qopcm8o meHeU".llywKHHcKaJl "JlYHO" - B 06naKax (CTaTHCTHKa HaM ee pHcyeT TaKOIO);

TO OHa "He8UOUMKO", a - TO "omYMOHeHO'~ "6J1eOHOe nJlmHO" ee

"cmpyucmozo KPYZO" TpeBOllCHT Hac CBOHMH "MymHb/MU UZPOMU" (Bce

cnOBa llywKHHa!), ee ):(BHlICeHbJl - KOBapHbI, neTy'lH, CTpeMHTenbHbl:

"npo6ezoem ': "nepe6ezoem ': "uzpoem ': "opoJICum ", "CKOJlb3Um", "xooum"(He60 "o6xooum" OHa nepeMeH'lHBblM lIHKOM ("nOJlYMeCJlq", "08YPOZOJl':"cepn ", "nOJlHblU MeCJlq".

HeT y TIOT'leBa "nOJlYMeCJlqo", "cepno", eCTb ero ):(HeBHOHJlHK, "06J10KmoU4uu", MeCJI~ TIOT'leBa Heno):(BHlICeH Ha He6e (H 'lall.\e Bcero Ha 6e306-

JJa'lHoM), OH - "MozulIecKuu': '''c8emo30pHb/U': "6J1ucmolOU4uu': nOlIHbdi;

HHKor):(a He 6b/BaeT "cpe6pUCmb/M" ('laCTblH ~BeT "JlYHb/" llywKHHa);

6blBaeT "JlHmOpHb/M'~ He lICeJJTblM, He KpaCHb/M; JlyHa llywKHHa Bpe-

MeHaMH - lICeJJTa, BpeMeHaMH - KpaCHa, H - HHKor):(a He 6eJJa; ):(HeM

y TIOT'leBa "MeCJlt(' - "mYMOHucmo-6eJlb/U", nO'lTH He CKpb/BaeTCR C He6a;

MeHee OH Bcero - "He8uOUMKO", OH - "zeHUU" He6a..nBa HH):(HBH):(yanbHbIX CBeTHlIa: ycnoKoeHHO 6nHCTalOll.\HH UHUU-MeCJlI4:

H 6eralOll.\aJl no He6y JlyHO.3pHTeJJbHblH 06pa3 MeCJI~a B n033HH liapaTb/HCKoro H 3aeMeH, H 6J1e-

):(eH ("cepe6pJlHeH", KaK Y llywKHHa, H, KaK y TIOT'leBa, "cJlOOOCmeH');HH):(HBH):(yaJJH3M ero ):(eHCTBHJI - B Bne'laTJJeHbJlX nona ("nOOJlYHHble8nellOmJleHbJl", 3aCTaBJJJlIOll.\HX ero YBepJlTb: MeCJI~ "MOHum 30 KpoiJ3eMJlU". liapaTblHCKoro MeCJI~ - npH3pa'lHb/H H "JlemeUCKUU": 60Jlee

106

Bcero OH - B ):(ywe, TaM OH ):(eHCTBeH; a no He6y XO):(HT ero cnOBO

nyCToe: JlyHO. MeCJlq, pa3Be 'lTO "JlCHble".TpH 06pa3a: TpH JJYHbJ»29.

OT'laCTH CeTeBaJi acco~HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'leCKali CTpyKTypa BOCCTaHaB-

JlHBaeTCR H npH ):(pyroM npe):(cTaBJleHHH MaTepHaJlOB n03TH'leCKOH pe'lH.

/CaK no c):(enaHo, HanpHMep, B CJlOBape, no):(roTOBJleHHOM no):( pyKO-

BO.nCTBOM 8.ll. rpHropbeBaJo. Ho nocTpoeHHe ceTH, T.e. nOHCKH

accO~HaToB no 3THM MaTepHaJJaM PY'lHb/M, He aBTOMaTH'leCKHM cnoco-

60M 6b1no 6b1 O'leHb Tpy):(oeMKHM ):(enOM, a KpOMe Toro, B pe3ynb-

TaTe pa60TbI Mb/ nOJlY'lHJlH 6bl aCCO~HaTHBHYIO CTpyKTypy, opHeHTHpo-

BaHHylO Ha n03TH'leCKOe cJloBoynoTpe6neHHe onpe):(eneHHOH 3nOXH, T.e.

npaKTH'leCKH Ha n03TH'leCKHH Jl3b1K Bo06ll.\e, a He Ha H):(HOJleKCHKOH.1.ITO KaCaeTCJI rpaMMaTHKOHa n03TH'leCKOH JlH'lHOCTH, TO MOllCHOYKa3aTb

TOJlbKO O):(HO Hccne):(OBaHHe, npJlMb/M 06pa30M Ha~eneHHoe Ha 3TOT

061JeKTJ1

, B ):(pyrHx lICe cny'laJlX H3y'leHHe rpaMMaTHlfeCKOH CTOpOHbl

no:nH'leCKOrO R3b/Ka CBJl3b/BaeTCJI C nOCJle):(HHM KaK cne~H$H'leCKHM

ljleHOMeHOM, npOTHBonOCTaBneHHb/M ):(pyrHM pa3HOBH):(HOCTliM 1I3b/Ka BO-

o6ll\e, OCYll.\eCTBJJJleTCJI6e30THOCHTelIbHO K JJH'lHOCTH H HMeeT cBoeii

3a.nalfeH BblJlCHeHHe ponH rpaMMaTHKH ):(JJR BbmOJJHeHHR CneI.\H$H'leCKH

n03THlfeCKoA $YHKI.\HHJ2

•

llO):(BO):(R HTor paCCMOTpeHHIO ):(ByX nyTeH peKOHCTpYKI.\HH JleKCHKOHa -

npliMoro, T.e. Ha OCHOBe aCCOI.\HaTHBHoro 3KcnepHMeHTa, H HenpRMoro,

B pe3ynbTaTe aHaJlH3a npOH3Be):(eHHbIX JJH'lHOCTblO TeKcToB, T.e. Ha

OCHOBe ee ):(HcKypca, MOllCHO c):(enaTb ):(Ba Bb/Bo):(a. Bo-nepBbIX, 06a

paCCMOTpeHHblX cnoc06a Haxo):(JlTCli B OTHoweHHH B3aHMo):(onOJlHHTeJJb-

HOCTH ):(pyr ):(pyry: nyTeM npJlMOrO 3KcnepHMeHTa BblRBnJleTCli npHH-

I.\HnHanbHaJi CTpyKTypa aCCOI.\HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'leCKOH ceTH, Tor):(a KaK

COCTaBneKCHKOHa npe):(CTaeT B 3TOM cny'lae KaK ycpe):(HeHHblii, ):(eHH):(H-

BH):(yanH3HpOBaHHbIH; nyTeM aHaJJH3a ):(HcKypca Mbl C 60lIbweii CTeneHblO

TO'lHOCTH BOCCTaHaBJJHBaeM COCTaB neKCHKOHa, nony'laJi MHHHMalIbHble

CBe):(eHHJI 0 ero yCTpoHcTBe, ero KOHKpeTHoii CTpyKType. DO-BTOPbIX.

npH3HaB Hea):(eKBaTHblM ):(JlJl HaweH 3a):(a'lH - peKOHCTpYKI.\HH H):(HoneK-

CHKOHa - nYTb npJlMOrO aCCO~HaTHBHoro 3KcnepHMeHTa H npHHJlB B

Ka'leCTBe HCXO):(HOHn03H~HH ):(JlJl ee peWeHHJI anbTepHaTHBHylO B03MOllC-

MOCTb - aHanH3 ):(HcKypca nHlfHOCTH, Mbl CTanKHBaeMCJI C He06xo):(H-

MOCTblO ):(onOlIHHTb 3TOT aHanH3 npHeMaMH nOCTpOeHHJI aCCOI.\HaTHBHO-

ceMaHTHlfeCKOH ceTH Henocpe):(CTBeHHO H3 TeKCTa. Ho npellC):(e - 0 no):(-

xo.nax K H3Y'leHHIO COCTaBa lIeKCHKOHa Hero Ol.\eHKaM.

06'beKTOM aHaJJH3a H36paH ):(HCKypC rJlaBHOrO ):(eHCTBYIOll.\erO nHl.\a

8 pOMaHe .n. rpaHHHa "KapTHHa" - c.e. JIoceBa. npe):(ce):(aTeJJlI

ropHCnOJlKOMa r. JIbIKOBa. 0 Tpy):(HOCTJlX, CBR3aHHblX C Bbl):(eJleHHeM

2'SUblU A. nywlCIIH, T1oT'IeB II 6apaTbIHICIIll B 3p"TenbHoM BocnpIIllTIIII npllpoAbl / ICe~IIOTlIlCa. M.• 1983. C. 552-553.

1In03T II cnOBO. On biT cnOBapli. M .• 1973.12rpUlOpbl'B B.n. rpaMMaTIIlCa IIAIIOCTllnll: B. Xne6HIIlCoB. M .• 1983.

eM., HanpHMep: KOBmYH08Q H.H. n03TII'IeCICIIIl CIIHTalCCIIC. M .• 1986.

nOJIHoro jlHCKypca OjlHOrO nepCOHalf<a H3 TeKCTa xYjlOlf<eCTBeHHOrO npOHl-

BejleHHJI, pe'fb Ylf<e wna BblWe, KOrjla Mbl paCCMaTpHBanH BOlMOlf<HOCTb

MOjlenHpOBaHHJI JllblKOBOH nH'fHOCTH Ha MaTepHane npOH3BejleHHblX elQ

TeKCTOB. nOMHMO 6eCCnOpHblX cny'faeB OTHeCeHHJI K jlHCKypCy npJlMoA

pe'fH H HHTepHOpH30BaHHOA, HnH BHyTpeHHeH, pe'lH nepCOHa)Ka, 6blno

BbljleneHO eme TpH nepeXOjlHblX cTyneHH OT jlHcKypca nepCOHalf<a IC

jlHCKypCy caMoro aBTopa: 31-0 Hec06cTBeHHO-npJlMaJi pe'fb, BHyTpeHHHA

jlHanOr H ycnoBHo HHTepHopH30BaHHaJi pe'fb repoJi. nOCnejlHlIlI HMeeT

MeCTO, Korjla aBTOp - B L\enllX jlOCTHlf<eHHlI 60nbwero H306pa3HTenb-

Horo 34>4>eKTa- Bep6anH3yeT 3pHTenbHble npejlCTaBneHHlI jleAcTBYlOmero

nHL\a, HO jlenaeT 3TO, Hcnonb3Y" THnH'fHblH neKCHKOH H rpaMMaTH-

KOH CBoero repoll. KOHe'lHO, jlaneKO He BClIKHH aBTOp onHpaeTClI Ha

nOjl06HYlO nllTHcTyneH'IaTylO cxeMy npH nOCTpoeHHH xYjlO)f(eCTBeHHoro

TeKCTa, H cnoc06bl BonnOmeHHlI jlHcKypca onpejlenlllOTClI HHjlHSHjlyanb-

HblM CTHneM H MaHepOH nHCaTenJl, TeMH nHTepaTypHo-xyjlOlf<eCTSeHHbIMH

npHeMaMH, KOTopble OH Hcnonb3yeT B CBoeM npOH3BejleHHH. EcnH Bemb

HanHcaHa OT nepBoro nHL\a, HanpHMep, Ka3anOCb 61.1, HH'ITO He MewaeT

HCCnejlOBaTenlO BeCb TeKCT paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK jlHCKypC repoll. OjlHaKOnOjl06HaJi npllMonHHeAHOCTb 6bwa 61.1 HeBepHa: MI.l MOlf<eM npHHlITb

TaKoe peweHHe no OTHoweHHIO K pOMaHy P. KHpeeBa "n06ejlHTenb",H He HMeeM npaBa TaK nOCTYIIHTb C nOBeCTblO C. ECHHa " MMHTaTOp".

XOTlI nocnejlHlIlI H HMeeT nOjl3arOnOBOX "3anHCXH 'IeCTOn106HBoro '1e-

nOBexa" H TO)Ke HanHcaHa OT nepBoro nHQa, HO ronoc aBTopa, npHjla-

IOll.\HH nOBeCTH 3aMeTHble 'IepTbI ny6nHQHCTH'IHOCTH. 3AeCb HaCTonbKO

CHneH, 'ITO He n03BomieT OTHeCTH BeCb TeKCT IC AHClCypCy rnaBHoro

nepCOHa)Ka nOBeCTH. MHorAa HHAHBHAyanbHasr aBTopClCall MaHepa TalCosa.

'1TO jlHCKYPCbI jleACTBYIOll.\HX nHQ HaCTonblCO pa3MblsalOTClI. cnHBallCb

jlpyr C jlpyroM H C ronOCOM caMoro aBTopa. '1TO 6e30roSOpO'lHO S

HHX MOll<HO BKnlO'IHTb TonbKO npllMYIO pe'lb repoes. TalCOBbI, HanpHMep,

oc06eHHOCTH HHjlHBHAyanbHoro CTHnll A. AHaHbeBa: "OH cHAen Hec-

nOKOHHO, HO, KYjla 61.1 HH nOBOpa'lHBan ronoBy. '1epe3 MHHyTy omlTb

BHjlen nepejl c060A cTapylO If<eHll.\HHY. nHQo KOTOpoA xax 61.1 npHTlIrH-

Bano ero; OH He 3Han. '1TO TaK ll<e, KaK OHa B MOnOjlOCTH 3aBH-

AOBana nblWHblM cBaAb6aM, xaKoA He 6blno y Hee caMoA. 3aBHjlOBana

Tenepb CTonb ll<e nblwHblM, KaK eH npejlCTaBnllnocb! noxopOHaM. Ka-

KHX, OHa nOHHMana. He 6YAeT y Hee. HO CepreA MBaHoBH'I'IyBCTBO-

Ban 3TH ee BOCXHll.\eHHe H 3aBHCTb; OH He 3Han, '1TO rnaBHoe Bne-

'1aTneHHe npOH3BOjlHna Ha Hee 3aTlIHYTall '1epHOH MapneA nlOCTpa,

HO. '1yBCTByll nepejlaBaBWeeClI BonHeHHe, 06pall.\an BHHMaHHe HMeHHO

Ha TeMHoe CBe'leHHe, KOTopoe 6bWO He06b1'1HblM H. JlJ1l1 Hero H C03-

jlaBanO KaK pa3 BCIO aTMoc4>cpy TOp)KeCTBa H 3Ha'lHMOCTH noxopoH;

OH He 3Han, '1TO )KeHll.\HHa nonpOCHnaCb y HHKHTHWHbl OCTaTbClI Ha

HO'lb, H ll<Aan. ICorjla OHa BcTaHeT H, ICaICH Bce jlpyrHe. nOICnOHHBWHCb,

BblAjleT 3a jlBepb, HO OHa He BCTaBana H He yXOjlHna, H CeprcA MBa-

HOBH'I, nOMHMO BCCX H 6C3, Toro TlIrOTHBWHX ero MblcneA, Bce BpeMlI

HaXOjlHnClI B KaKOM-TO TpCBOll<HOM B036y)KjleHHH33

". B 3TOM oTpblBKe,

. KOTOpblH, KCTaTH cxa3aTb. O'lCHb nOKa3aTeneH JlJ1l1CTHnll Bcero pOMaHB,

nepeceKalOTCSI, Ha nepBblH B3rnlljl. TpH jlHcKypca - CepreSI MBaHoBH'Ia,

cTapoH If<eHmHHbl H aBTopa. M Ka3anOCb 6bl, onHpaSICb Ha MeTO,D.HKy

yCTaHOBneHHJI B TeKCTe "TO'leK 3peHHJI" (B ,D.aHHOMcny'fae Tpex Ha3BaH-

HblX nHL\) H Bbl,D.eneHHJIcooTBeTcTBYIOll.\HX "pe'leBbIX L\eHTpoB"J4, HCCne,D.O-

BaTenb Mor 6bl "pa3BecTH" 3TOT OTpblBOK no YKa3aHHblM ,D.HcKypcaM.

O,LlHaKo npH 60nee BHHMaTenbHOM. npO'fTeHHH CTaHOBHTClI SICHO, 'fTOl,LleCb Henb3J1 OrpaHH'fHTbCJI TpeMJI ,D.HcKypcaMH: nOMHMO TO'lKH 3peHHSI

8BTopa H TO'feK 3peHHJI ,LleHCTBYIOll.\HXnHL\ pll,LlOM C 3THM H KaK 61.1

H8,Ll BceM 3THM 3,LleCb npHCyTcTByeT ell.\e TO'fKa 3peHHlI KorO-TO (Ha6-

JIIO,Lla,TenJl, "nepeXBaT'IHKa"), KOTOpblH "3HaeT" TO, 0 'feM "He 3Han"

CepreH MBaHOBH'I. "nOHHMaeT" TO, B 'feM He OTjlaBana ce6e OT'IeTa

cTapaSI If<eHll.\HHa, H COOTBeTCTBeHHO- 06'bJlCHJleT Bce 3TO H aBTopy

II 'IHT8TenlO. Cpo jlanee: "Ye3ll<anH KopocTeneBbl C Ka3aHcKoro BOK3ana,

- Be'fepoM. HHKTO He npOBOll<an HX. HeCKonbKO pa3 Ha'fHHan HaKpanbl-

BaTb ,Ll0If<,D.b, H CepreH MBaHOBH'I, ll<a n K0 H n p H H Y ll<·,D.eH H 0

Y n 1.16a II CI., rOBopHn no 3TOMy nOBO,D.y, 'fTO ye3ll<aTb B jlOll<,D.b -

XOpOW3lI npHMeTa" (c. 80). B 3TOM OTpblBKe, nOMHMO cnOB aBTopa-

nOBeCTBOBaTenll H Hec06cTBeHHo-npllMoA pe'fH repoll, Bbl,D.enlleTCJIOL\eHKa

nocTopoHHero KaK 6bl nHL\a (B L\HTaTe nO,D.'fepKHyTo), Ha6mojlalOll.\ero

CL\eHY Olf<HjlaHHlI Ha BOK3ane co CTOpOHbI. KOHe'fHO, 3TY OL\eHKY

MOlf<HO npHnHcaTb H aBTopy, HO TOrjla nonH4>oHH'fHbIM CTaHOBHTCJIco6cTBeHHo aBTopcKHH TeKCT.

MOMeHT ny6nHL\HCTH'fHOCTH, nepeXOjla Ha O'fepKOBblH CTHnb opraHH-

'feCKH npHcyll.\ nlO60My xy,D.O)KeCTBeHHoMy npOH3BejleHHIO, nop0ll<jlaeTClI

cneUH4>HKoH caMoro nHTepaTypHoro TeXCTa H JlBnlleTCJI OjlHHM H3 Cpe,D.CTB

B03jleAcTBHJI npOH3BejleHHJI Ha ajlpecaTa. ECTb OH H B pOMaHe '~' rpaHHHa,

II 3TO, eCTeCTBeHHO, 3aTpY,D.HJleTBbljleneHHe nonHOro jlHcKypca Bbl6paH-Horo HaMH nepCOHa)Ka. Cpo cnejlYIOll.\HH OTpbIBOK:

"HeT, TaK Henb3J1! - Bjlpyr cxa3an JIoceB, nOjlHlIn ronoBy H ell.\eCMenee nOBTopHn: - Henb3l1!

HeBall<HO, nYCTb Bce peWHTCJI. HanOCnejlOK OH Bbl,D.aCT 6e3 BCJlKOrO

CTeCHeHHJI. CaMorO-TO rnaSHoro OH ell.\e He CKa3an. EMy He Ha 'fTO

paCC'fHTbIBaTb, TaK 3TO H ny'lwe, cB060AHce.

To, 'ITO OH He n03BOnJin ce6e B pa3rosopax y nonHBaHoBa, H S rop-

IIcnonKOMe, H C AHHCHMOSblM, Bce, 'ITO CKonHnOCb, Bce Bjlpyr

6e3Yjlepll<HO xnblHyno, nOHecnOCb 6e3 SCJlKOrO nOplljlKa, Hero caMoro

laKpyTHno, nOBneKno TaK, '1TO OH He cnblwan ce6J1, TonbKO '1yB-

CTBoBan. KaK jlp0ll<ano B rny6HHe ropna. HHKorAa ell.\e OH He npOHl-

HOCHn TaKHX cnos, cosepweHHO HenpHBbl'fHblX cnOB jlnll Hero H JlJ1l1

3Toro ICa6HHeTa. Korjla-TO OT Ty'lKoBoA OH cnblxan. '1TO 6ecnone3HO

nepeAasaTb xapTHHy cnOBaMH, HeS03MO)KHO 6blno paCCICa3aTb npo TO

paCCBeTHoe YTPO. TyMaH Hajl nnJlcBoA, 60Cble HorH Manb'lHwKH-YjlHnb-

lQHKa... Ho eMy 6blno HanneBaTb, '1TO HeB03MO)KHO, OH paCCKa3b1Ban,

OH BHjlen, KaK Ha O,D.yTnOBaTOM nHQe YBapOBa nOjlHlInHCb 6pOBH,

H He 06paTHn Ha 3TO BHHMaHHlI, HH Ha KaKHe ,D.BHlf<eHHSIero nHL\a.

OH He 601lJIClI YBapOBa, OH HH'IerO CeH'IaC He 601lJIClI, OH B3MblJI,

OCB060>K,o;aIlCbOT CBOHX paC'IeTOB H YJIOBOK"3S

•

B 3TOM onHcaHHH, r,o;e npHcyTcTByeT 06pa3 aBTopa H nOToMy

HeH36e)l(eH ,o;yx "ny6JIHQHCTH'IHOCTH", eCTb CHJJbHblA :meMeHT KHHe-

MaTorpa$H'IHOCTH H, eCJIH 6bl CTOllJIa 3a,o;a'la BOnJIOTHTb MH3aHCQeHy

Ha 3KpaHe, TO OHa MorJIa 6b1 H,o;TH "6eccnOBeCHO", Ha o,o;HoA Hrpe

aKTepOB, r,o;e nnaMeHHO npOH3HOCHMall JIoceBblM pe'lb (He,o;apOM - "HH-

Kor,o;a eLQe OH He npOHJHOCHn TaKHX CnOB•••••) wna 6b1 6eJBy'lHO.

BMeCTe C TeM Ha,o;o cpaJY CKaJaTb, 'lTO ny6nHQHCTH'lHOCTh ny6nH-

QHCTH'lHOCTH pOJHh, H no,o;nHHHaJi xy,o;O)l(eCTBeHHOCTh Tpe6yeT coe,o;HHe-

HHII ny6nHQHCTH'lHOCTH C HJo6paJHTenhHOCThlO H 06paJHOCThlO, '1TO Mbl

Bcer,o;a H o6Hapy>KHBaeM y nO.D;J1HHHoro MaCTepa. Cpo ,o;anee KaK y

rpaHHHa nony'laeT paJBHTHe 3TOT OTpbIBOK: "PeJHHOBblH MOTOp'lHK

pacKpy'lHBanClI, nponennep BepTenClI 6b1CTpee, 6b1CTpee, HacTynHn MHr,

Kor,o;a Mo,o;enb Ha,o;o 6b1no oTnycKaTh, OHa OCTaBanaCh o,o;Ha B BOJ-

,o;yxe H neTena, neTena, a OHH 6e>KanH Ja HeA,' no,o;HlIB rOJIOBhl. TaK H

y Hero - CJIOBa cphlBanHCh, H OH 6e>Kan Ja HHMH, n03TOMY OH

CpaBHHJI TaJIaHT xy,o;O>KHHKa C CaMOJIeTOM; >KHBOnHCb nOMoraeT yBH,o;eTb

npHpo,o;y HHa'le, OTKphIBaeT KpaCOTY, KaK OTKpblBaeTCJI JeMJIlI C caMO-

JIeTa B COBepweHHO HHOA, 6eJJaLQHTHOA KpaCOTe" H T.,o;. (c. 187-188).EcnH nonhITaThClI pacnpe,o;enHTh nepBhIA HJ npHBe,o;eHHbIx OTpblBKOB

no HH,o;HBH,o;yaJIbHbIM,o;HcKypcaM, TO MbI C nerKOCTblO BhI,o;eJIHMnpllMYIO

pe'lb H OTHeceM ee K ,o;HCKypCy J1oceBa, a COnpOBO>K.D;aIOLQHeee CJIOBa -

K ,o;HCKypCy aBTopa. BTOpoA a63aQ, MO>KeT 6bITh C HeKOTopoA HaTlI>K-

KoA, KBaJIH$HQHpyeTclI KaK BHyTpeHHJIR pe'lh repoJi HJIH BO BCJlKOM

CJIyqae KaK yCJIOBHO HHTepHopH30BaHHall ero pe'lb. A BOT 'lTO Ka-

CaeTCJI nocne,o;Hero a6JaQa, TO B HeM HaCTOJIhKO TeCHO nepenneTeHbl

nOBeCTBOBaTenhHO-HJ06paJHTeJIbHall C 3JIeMeHTaMH OQeHKH npOHcxo,o;lI-

LQero pe'lb aBTopa, yCJIOBHO HHTepHOpHJOBaHHaJi pe'lh, a TaK)I(e 'laCTH'lHO

Bep6aJIHJOBaHHble aBTopOM JpHTeJIhHhle 06paJhI H ,o;pyrHe 3neMeHTbI

"npOMe>KyTO'lHOrO J13b1Ka" (o HeM CM. HH>Ke) J1oceBa, 'lTO OT,o;eJIHTb

O,o;HO OT ,o;pyroro H OT TpeTbero Ha xaKHX-TO 06'beKTHBHbIX OCHOBa-

HHJlX npe,o;CTaBJIJleTCJIHeBOJMO>KHbIM. To >KeCJIe,o;yeTCKaJaTb H 0 BTOpOM

OTpbIBKe, Henocpe,o;CTBeHHO npHMbIXalOLQeM B TeXCTe x nepBoMY, XOTJI

OH H cOBepweHHo OT'leTJIHBO JaKaH'lHBaeTClI Hec06cTBeHHo-npllMoA pe-

'lhlO nepCOHa>Ka.B CHJIy 3THX Tpy,o;HocTeA .D;J1J1peweHHH HaweA Ja,o;a'lH MbI OCTaHOBH-

JIHCh Ha caMOM npocToM BapHaHTe onpe,o;eneHHJI rpaHHQ ,o;HcKypca: S

Hero 6bIJIH BKnlO'leHbI nHwb Te TeKCTbI, KOTopble 6eJ BCJlKOrO COMHeHHlI

npHHa.D;J1e)l(aT yKaJaHHoMy nHQY, a JHa'lHT, - TonhKO npHMaJi pe'lb H

BHyTpeHHlIlI pe'lh repoll. 3TO peweHHe y,o;06HO TaK>Ke H .D;J111nocne,o;ylO-

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nocKoJ:IbKY CTaBHT HX B paBHble YCJIOBHlI: ,o;HCKypC xy,o;o)l(HHKa ACTaxoBa

npe,o;cTaBneH B pOMaHe ,o;ByMJI ero nHChMaMH J1HJe KHcnblx. ACTaXOB

He y'laCTByeT Henocpe,o;CTBeHHO B ,o;eACTBHH,J1BJIlIlICb KaK 6b1 "3aO'lHbIM",

HO TeM He MeHee O'leHb Ba>KHblM, ,o;eAcTBylOLQHM JIHQOM - aBTopoM

"rpaHUH p. KapTHHa. Jl.: COB. nHCaTenb. 1981. C. 187 (B AanbHellweM CCblnKII,l\lIHbIHa no H3,l\l1HHe).110

"J(apTHHbI". Y Hero HeT BHyTpeHHHX ,o;HanorOB H HeT yCJIOBHO HHTepH-

opH30BaHHoA pe'lH, aBTOp He Bep6anHJyeT Ja Hero ero 3pHTenbHble,

,UBHraTeJlbHble, CJIyxoBbIe H ,npyrHe npe,o;CTaBneHHlI, Bce 3TO OH ,neJlaeT

"caM". (ECTeCTBeHHO, 3TO yTBep>K.D;eHHeHa,no npHHHMaTb C oroBopKoH

06 yCJIOBHOCTHcaMoro JlHTepaTypHo-xy,nO)l(eCTBeHHoro npHeMa H yCJIOB-

HOCTH OTO)l(,neCTBJIeHHlI nepCOHa)l(a npOHJBe,neHHlI C peaJIbHOH lIJblKOBOA

JU!'iHOCTblO). C y'ieTOM :nHX ycnoBHoCTeA HHTHMHble nHCbMa, HCnOJl-

HeHHhle B nHTepaTypHo-paJrOBOpHOM >KaHpe, MoryT 6bITb npHpaBHeHbl KMoHonory HnH K BHyTpeHHeA pe'iH repOH.

,nnll OQeHKH H,o;HOJIeKCHKOHa 6blna npOBe,neHa cne,nYIOLQall pa60n.

BeCb TeKCT TaK nOHHMaeMoro ,nHcKypca J10ceBa 6blJl BBe,neHB 3BM H JaTeM

npe06paJOBaH S ,nBe $OpMbI - cnnowHoro npe,nCTaBJIeHHlI (c yKaJaHHeM

a,npeca Ka>K,noro BbICKa3blBaHHlI B BH,o;e HOMepa rnaBbl H CTpaHHQbl)

H cJlopMaTHoro npe,nCTaBneHHlI, 06pa3eQ KOToporo npHBo,nHTCJI HH)I(e36•

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tHY KOHE'IHO CMOTPETb, BOT R H 3ACMOTPEJlCR. R nJlOXO PA35HPAlOCb M(2):O)/(ET Bbl nORCHHTE. (1,6) °TYT HAnHCAHO "Y PEKW. A '1TO 3TO 3A PEKA(3):

? KAK EE HA3BAHHE? (l,6) HET Y)/(, Bbl n03BOJlbTE. O'lEHb ,llAJKE HMEET.(4):

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(~:AETECb. BCE JKE XOPOWO 5bl OblRCHHTb HA3BAHHE. 05PA3 XOTb H 0505

lllEHHblA, A MECTHOCTb-TO MOJKHO BE,llb YTO'lHHTb. KAK nO·BAWEMY?(I,7)O(8):

KOHll,OB HE HAA,llEWb. 6E30TBETCTBEHHblA HAPO,ll3TH XY,llOJKHHKH. (1.7)(9):

'0 TOM, '1TO HEJA'IEM 3AWHCI>POBbrBATb. (1,7) °HA,llOTO'lHO YKA3blBATb B HA(10):

30AHHH. (1,7) °H nPE,llCTABJlRTb HE XO'lY, PA3BE HAM PA3MECTHTbCR B roc-(I I):THHOM ,llOOPE! nOJlHBAHOBY JlErKO JKAJlOBATbCR, EMY 'fTO, EMY Jl1060-(12):

BATbCR, A JIlO,llRM JKHTb HA,llO. KY,llA MHE HX H3 ,llOMOO yrp03bl PACCE-(13):

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HJI JlHlfHO TYT nPHBJlEKAET, lfTO HAWE 3AXOJlYCTbE OTPA3HJlH. (2,12) 0HH-(15):

l{Ero, HHlfEro, nOJKAJlYACTA BblCKA3blBAAcR, MHE HHTEPECHO. (2 12)(16): '

'JI BE,llb, JlEWA, HHlfEro TAKoro HE 3HAlO,,llA H HE nOHHMAlO 0 JKHBOnHCH.(17):

"nporpaMMbI npeAcTaBneHHlI TeICCTa Hero CTaTHCTHlfeClCollo6pa6oTKH Hanllcallbl IIlleanH30BBHbIHB3BM CM-4 B.M. AHAPlOl1\eHKO.

(2.12) ·KOHE\{HO. }I MOry PAlJlH\{HTb. ECJlH 0606111EHHbIA 06PAl HJlH cJ>Q.(18):TorPAcJ>H\{HOCTb. HO JJ,AJlbWE HE 6EPYCb. MbI JlIOJJ,H TEMHbIE. npOBHHUH}I.(19):Mbl HA nJlAKATAX BocnHTAHbI. (2.12) ·TbI. JlEWA. HAnPACHO JJ,EJJ,A OCY)J(.(20):JJ,AEWb. A ECJlH EMY nOJJ,YWETAKHEKAPTHHbI?HEJlblJlTOJlbKOCBOA BKYC(21):nPHlHABATb. TbI MHE JlY\{WE 06·JlCHH. KAK B ACTAXOBCKOA KAPTHHE B(22):CM bICJlE COOTBETCTBH}I HA TYPE. tlTO 3TO - PEAJlHlM HJlH HET? (2.13) ·KA.(23);KHE :lICEBbI nATPHOHiI. BHYKY JJ,O CHX nop POJJ,HbIX MECT HE nOKAlAJlH. JJ,A(24):H CAMH·TO. CKOJlbKO JlET nPHrJlAWAIO BAC ... (2.13)

OTJlH'IHe nOCJle~HerO B TOM, '1TO TeKCT epopMaJlbHO pa36HTbdt HanOCJle~OBaTeJlbHOnpoHyMepoBaHHble CTpOKHC O~HHaKOBblMKOJlH'IeCTBOMCHMBonOB, 3anHcaH B HeCKonbKO epaAnOB C npHCBoeHHblMH Ka~OMYepaAny HH~eKCOMH C pa3HblM '1HCnOMCTpOKB Ka)l(~OM.TaKoe npe~CTaBne-HHe cny)l(HT l.\enllM CTaTHCTH'IeCKOA06pa60TKH H 06ner'laeT Haxo~e-HHeKOHTeKCTOBKa)l(~oAcnOBoepopMbl CnOMOll.\blOnOCne~IOll.\HX '1eTblpexpa3HblX cnoBoyKa3aTeneA.

3TO npe)l(~e Bcero TeKCToopHeHTHpOBaHHblACJlOBOYKa3aTenb,HrpalOll.\HABcnOMoraTeJlbHO-MeTO~H'IeCKYIOPOJlb B MaWHHHOMaHanH3e TeKCTa:HY DK2:GRAN2/1,1/KOHElIHO DK2:GRAN2/1,5/CMOTPETb DK2:GRAN2/1,13/BOT DK2:GRAN2/1,23/JI DK2:GRAN2/1,27/H DK2:GRAN2/1,29/3ACMOTPEJI- DK2:GRAN2/1,31/CJIH DK2:GRAN2/1,44/IlJIOXO DK2:GRAN2/1,46/PA3EHPAIOCbDK2:GRAN2/1,52/MO:>KET DK2:GRAN2/2,1/BbI DK2:GRAN2/2,6/IlOJlCHHTE DK2:GRAN2/2,9/TYT DK2:GRAN2/2,19/HAIlHCAHO DK2:GRAN2/2,29/Y DK2:GRAN2/2,38/PEKH DK2:GRAN2/2,41/A DK2:GRAN212,48/liTO DK2:GRAN2/2,50/3TO DK2:GRAN2/2,54/3A DK2:GRAN2/2,58/PEKA DK2:GRAN2/3,1/KAK DKi:GRAN2/3,3/EE DK2:GRAN2/3,7/112

HA3BAHHE DK2:GRAN2/3,10/HET DK2:GRAN2/3,20/Y)f( DK2:GRAN2/3,30/BbI DK2:GRAN2/3,34/Il03BOJIbTE DK2:GRAN2/3,37/OqEHb DK2:GRAN2/3,48/.LlA)lCE DK2:GRAN2/3,S4/HMEET DK2:GRAN2/4,l/MAJIO DK2:GRAN2/4,2/JIH DK2:GRAN2/4,7/PEK DK2:GRAN2/4,10/3TO DK2:GRAN2/4,15/)ICE DK2:GRAN2/4,19/KOHKPETHO DK2:GRAN2/4,22/CPHCOBAHO DK2:CRAN2/4,32/KAK DK2:GRAN2/4,43/TAK DK2:GRAN2/4,53/IlPOCTO DK2:GRAN2/4,57/OqEHb DK2:GRAN2/5,1/.LlA)lCE DK2:GRAN2/5,7/H3MEHHTCJI DK2:GRAN2/S,12/KAK DK2:GRAN2/5,23/BbI DK2:GRAN2/S,27/HE DK2:GRAN2/5,30/IlOHHMAETE DK2:GRAN2/S,33/

3,lI,0POBO DK2:GRAN2/5,44/ PA3JiHPAETECb DK2:GRAN2/6,1/BbI DK2:GRAN2/5,58/ BCE DK2:GRAN2/6,11/

,lI,aJlee 6b1JT COCTaBJTeHaJTepaBHTHO-'1aCTOTHblAyKa3aTenb, KOTOpblAco,neplKHT CBe~eHHlI 06 HH~eKce epaAJ1a, B KOTOpOMBCTpe'laeTClI 3TacnoBOepopMa B epopMaTHoM npe~CTaBJleHHH ~HcKypca H a~pece ee BTelCCTepOMaHa (HanpHMep, GRAN5/3, 37/); 06 a6conIOTHoA '1aCTOTecnoBOepOPMbIF H K03epepHl.\HeHTeee ynoTpe6HTeJ1bHOCTHD, nO~C'IHTaH-HoM no epopMyne D= I-V/Vm8Xl r~e V - K03epepHl.\HeHTB8PH8QHH,lCone68HHlI'1aCTOTbl.

KAK-TO GRANS/21,39/CRAN61/24, 24/; GRAN81/1,44/ F=7 D=.5782F=2 D = .2929 KAKOR-HHJiY.LlbKAKAJI GRAN81/2,14/GRAN5/3,37/;GRAN};{3/11,I/; F=l D=.OGRANX3/60,38/; GRANS/8,25/ KAKOMF=4 D=.5046 G N7RA /13,31/; GRAN7/52,28/KAKHE F=2 D=.2929GRAN2/22,46/; GRAN81/13,41/; KAKOMYGRANX3/l,17/; GRANS/34,1/ GRAN7j10,1/F=4 D=.5046 F=l D=.OKAKHX KAKYIOGRANS /57,36/ GRANS4/4,12/F= 1 D=.O F= IKAKOB KAJIHHHHYGRANX3/l8,26/ GRAN7/50,36/F ==I D =.0 F = I D =.0KAKOrO KAMEHEBGRANXl/S6,8/; GRANS/39,ll/ GRANX3/38,8/; GRANX8/35,6/F==2 D=.2929 F=2 D=.2929KAKOE KAMEHEBAGRAN31/13,34/; GRAN7/IQ,38/; GRAN7/2S,22/GRANXO/6,16/; GRANXO/9,1/; F= I D =.0GRANXO/21,9/ KAMEHEBbIMF==5 D = .4747 GRAN81/19,4/KAKOR F= I D=.OGRAN31/39,ll/; GRANXO/2,37/; KAMHEMGRANXI/66,S9/; GRANX3/10,39/; GRANXOjl2,10/GRANX3/11,14/; GRANX8/9,17/; F= I D=.O

KAPMAHE KAPbEPbI KAKOR .5782 .0013 .3543 KHUrU .0 .0004 .3617GRANX3/30.19/ GRANX8/37,47/ KAKOR- .0 .0002 .3545 UITYKA .0 .0002 .9544F=I 0=.0 F=I 0=.0 HH6Y,l(b UITYKU .0 .0002 .9546KAPTUHA' KATAJI KAKOM .2929 .0004 .3549 UIYMRT .0 .0002 .9548GRAN31/ 14,4/; GRAN5/2,6/; GRAN31/23,13/ KAKOMY .0 .0002 .3551 UIYCTPbIE .0 .0002 .9550GRAN5/3,43/; GRAN5/34,1/; F=I 0=.0 KAKYIO .0 .0002 .3552GRAN61/27,1/ KARTbCR KAJlHHHHY .0 .0002 .3554 UIYT .0 .0002 .9551F=5 0=.4747 GRAN7/68,1/; GRANS/2I,17/ KAMEHEB .2929 .0004 .3558 3,l(YAP,l( .0 .0002 .9553KAPTHHE F=2 0=.2929 KAMEHEBA .0 .0002 .3559 3K3EMnJIRP .0 .0002 .9555GRAN2/21,45/; GRANX8/36,23/ KH,l(ATbCR KAMEHEBbIM .0 .0002 .3561 3TA. .5046 .0007 .9562F=2 0=.2929 GRANXO/12,26/ KAMHEM .0 .0002 .3563 3TH .2929 .0004 .9566

KAPTHHE-TO F=I 0=.0 KAPMAHE .0 .0002 .3565 3THM .4253 .0005 .9571

GRAN5/34,15/ KHCJIbIX KAPTHHA .4747 .0009 .3574 3THMH .0 .0002 .9573

F=I 0=.0 GRAN31/l8,54/; GRAN7/4,58/ KAPTHHE .2929 .0004 .3577 3TO .8885 .0131 .9704

KAPTHHOR F=2 0=.2929 KAPTHHE-TO .0 .0002 .3579 3TOrO .5993 .001l .9715

GRAN5/27,29/ KHCTbIO KAPTUHOR .0 .0002 .3581 3TOR .4253 .0005 .9720KAPTHHY .2929 .0004 .3585 3TOM .4253 .0005 .9726F=I 0=.0 GRAN5/32,42/KAPTHHbI .4253 .0005 .3590 3TOT .5046 .0007 .9733

KAPTHHY F=I 0=.0KAPTHHbI-TO .0 .0002 .3592 3TY .2929 .0004 .9736

GRAN31/49,45/; GRANS/2,14/ KJIA,l(61UU,E KAPTOUIKY .0 .0002 .3594 3X .4253 .0005 .9742F=2 0=.2929 GRAN7/6,23/ KAPbEPbI .0 .0002 .3595 3UIEJIO HA M.O .0002 .9744KAPTHHbI F= 1 0=.0 KATAJI .0 .0002 .3597 IOPuR .6578 .0020 .9765GRAN2/20,24/; GRAN31 /36,53/ KJIAHRTbCR KARTbCR .2929 .0004 .3601 IOPHIO .0 .0002 .9767GRANS/4,1/ GRANX3/15,51/ KH,l(ATbCR .0 .0002 .3603 IOPHR .0 .0002 .9769F=3 0=.4253 F=I 0=.0 KHCJIbIX .2929 .0004 .3606 R .9033 .0210 .9979KAPTUHbI-TO KJIY6 KUCTbIO .0 .0002 .3608 R-TO .5046 .0007 .9986GRAN5/26,36/ GRAN7/49.8/ KJIA,l(6UI.QE .0 .0002 .3610 RBJIEHHE .0 .0002 .9988F=1 0=.0 F=I 0=.0 KJIAHRTbCR .0 .0002 .3612 RrHEHKA .0 .0002 1.0000

KAPTOUIKY KHHrU KJIY6 .0 .0002 .3613GRANS/43,1/ GRAN7/56.34/; GRAN7/ 58,34/F=I 0=.0 F=2 0=.0 CTATHCTH'IECKH VnOPR.lJ.O'lEHHbIA CJlOBHHK

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.0 .0002 .3518

.2929 .0004 .3522

.4747 .0009 .3531

I HE .9406 .0377 .03772 A .9181 .0181 .05583 tlTO .9156 .0223 .07814 R. .9033 .0210 .09915 U .8970 .0214 .12046 B .8964 .0167 .13717 BbI .8938 .0185 .15568 3TO .8885 .0131 .16879 TAK .8795 .0126 .181310 :>KE .8664 .Olll .1924166.5 nPABO .5046 .0007 .5511166.5 CKA3AJIH .5046 .0007 .5518166.5 TAKAR .5046 .0007 .5525

US

166.5166.5166.5166.5166.5166.5166.5187190.5190.5190.5190.5190.5190.51951951952392392392392392392392392392392392392392392391344134413441344134413441344134413441344134413442110

TBORTOBAPHIUXOTHTEXOTb3TA3TOT.R-TOCEPA~HMOBHAAX6bIJIHKAKOEKAPTHHAJIIO).lERtIEMYAPKA).lHRERMATBEEBHtI60JIbUlE6Y).lYBAUlERBAUlHXBEIUHBH).lHUlbBOllPOCBCEr).lArEOprHEBHtI).lAJIbUlE).lEJIATb).lEHEr).lEHb).lOJI)I(HO).lPyrOrOUlTYKAUlTYKHUlYM.RTUlYCTPbIEUlYT3,lJ;YAP,lJ;3K3EMnJI.Rp3THMH3UlEJIOHAMIOPHIOIOPH.R.RBJIEHHE.RrHEHKA

.5046

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.5.532

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.9982

.9984

.9986

.9988

.9990

.9991

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BCTpeTHnOCb H B AHcKypce JIoceBa, H B AHcKypce ACTaXOBa, Hero '1aCTOTbl

YKa3aHbI B COOTBeTCTBYIO~HX rpacllax. BO-BTOPbIX, Kor~a 3anonHeHa TonbKOoAHa CTopOHa Ta6JIHUbI - JIH60 "aCTaXOBCKlUI", JIH60 "JIOCeBCKall", a Apyrall

OCTaeTCJI "nycToA", HanpHMep Mll CJIOBa HOpUC080mb. TaKaJl cHTyaQHlI

03Ha'iaeT, '1TO CJIOBO 06JIaAaCT nOBbIWCHHoA, no cpaBHeHHIO co CTaHAapT-

HoA, '1aCTOToA B AHcKypce ACTaXOBa H O'leHb peAKO (B AaHHOM CJIy'lae Bcero

OAHH paJ) BCTpe'laeTCJI B pe'lH JIocCBa. I1HblMH CJIOBaMH, nycTbIe KJleTKH

3AeCb MOrJlH 6bI 6h1Tb 3anOJlHeHbl, OTHOCHTeJlbHaH(0,0002) H a6cOmOTHali (I)'1aCTOTbl H3BeCTHbl, HO TorAa yTpaTHJlaCb 6bl HarJlJlAHOCTb npH BOCnpHJlTHH

BceA Ta6JIHUbI, BOT nO'leMy y~06Hee OCTaBHTb cooTBeTCTBYIO~He KJleTKH

nYCTbIMH. OHK CBHAeTenbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, '1TO CJIOBOB TeKCTe AaHHoro JIHQa

BCTpe'laeTCJI, HO npH 3TOM '1aCTOTa ero He nOKa3aTeJIbHa, He OTJIH'IaeTCli OT

122

CTaflAapTHoA flH B TY, HH B ~pyrylO CTOpoHy39. HaKoHeu, TpeTHA CBJl3aH C

oTcyTcTBHeM CJIOBa B O~HOM H3 ~HCKypCOB npH nOBbIweHHoll ero

"acTOTHOCTH B ~pyroM. OTcyTcTBHe B 3THX YCJlOBHJlXJlBnJleTCli ceMaHTH'Ie-

clCH H nparMaTH'IeCKH 3Ha'lHMblM H nOMe'laCTCli 3HaKOM f'. lIacTo 3Ta

cHTyaUHlI pacnpOCTpaHJleTCJI Ha HMeHa co6cTBeHHbIe. T.e. Ha OHOMaCTHKOH

cOOTBeTcTBYIO~eA HH~HBHAYaJlbHOCTH, O'lep'lHBaIO~HA COCTaB ero peclle-

peHTHOA (nponoHeHTbl) HJlH aHTHpecllepeHTHoii (onnoHeHTbl) rpynnbl,

HanpHMep, RIC08 H80H06UlI B AHcKypce ACTaxoBa HnH KOMeHetJ B ~HcKypcenOceBa.

llpO'lepK B KneTKe 03Ha'iaeT, '1TO 3Ta KneTKa npHHUHnHanbHO He MOllCeT

6b1Tb 3anOJlHeHa, HanpHMep, npH YKa3aHHH '1aCTOTbI no CJlOBaplO 3acopHHoA

p.JIJIHMeH c06CTBeHHbiX HnH npH OTCyTCTBHHCOOTBeTCTBYIO~ero cnOBa B TOM

HJIH HHOM neKCHKOHe. llocne 3THX npe~BapHTenbHblX 3aMe'laHHIlnepeliAeM IC ICOMMeHTHpOBaHHIO BICnlO'IeHHbIX B Ta6nHI..\y ~aHHbIX.

IV

Ha~o cpa3Y CICa3aTb, '1TO B OTpbIBe OT TeKCTa Bowe~WHe B Ta6nHI..\y

BbICOICO'laCTOTHble cnOBa B KalK~OM H3 ~HCKYPCOB He 06pa3YlOT JlpKO

BblpalKeHHblX ceMaHTH'IeCKHX 06'be~HHeHHIl H npH nepBOM 3HaKOMCTBe C

Ka~oA H3 KOJlOHOK MoryT npOH3BeCTH Bne'laTneHHe CJIy'laAHo c06paHHbIX

BMeCTe eAHHHU, HHKaIC He xapaICTepH3YIO~HX TOT HJIH HHoA neKCHKOH.

HCHOCTb B HX ceMaHTH'IeCKHe OTHOWeHHJI BHyTpH KonOHOK H MelK~y ~BYMJI

JIeKCHKOHaMH BHOCHT HapJl~y co CTaTHCTH'IeCKHMH nOICa3aTenllMH o6pa~e-

HHe K KOHKop~aHcy. OTKpblBalO~ee cnHCOK cnOBO 6epe3lCo, BCTpeTHBWeeCJIy

ACTaxoBa C '1aCTOToA B 50 pa3 npeBbIwalO~eA 06bI'IHylO H OTCYTcTBYIO~ee B

neKCHKOHe JIoceBa, cnylKHT MJI XY~OlKHHKa He 'fOnbKO CHMBonOM POAHHbl,

POCCHH,nlO6HMoA lKeH~HHbI, 0 '1eM CBH~eTenbCTBYIOT npHBO~HMble HHlICe

KOHTeICCTbl,HO H KOHKpeTHoii ~eTaJIblO neA3alKa B KapTHHe, Ha~ KOTopoll OH

pa60TaeT: jJ no-npelKHeMY nlO6nlO ,LJ;o6ylKHHcICoro H lieHya, 6blBaeT, HM

38BHAYIO, HO MJI ce6J1CYAb6bI HX He MblcnlO. Bbl CKalKeTe, - lKHBonHCUY Bce

paSHO, r~e 6epe3ICU MaJleBaTb. Bce TalC, OHH H B liyprYH~HH Te lKe 6epe3lCu, H

lICeH~HHbI sCIO~y O~HHaKoBo XOpOWH. A y Hac e~e llOJIHBaHOB nonpOCHT

cjlnar H8 6epe1lCy nOBeCHTb. Ho 3AeWHJlR 6epe3ICO y MeHR '1yBCTBOBbl3blBaeT, 1I

nHcaTh ee 6YAY C KaKOH-TO HpaBCTBeHHOH H~eeH, '1TO-TO JI '1epe3 Hee 06'bJlBHTb

lICenalOTOMy lICellonHBaHoBy H cynpyre ero. A B llapHlKax MHe, KpoMe Bac,

06pa~aTbCJI HC IC KOMy (c. 205). KaK ~eTaJIb pO~Horo neA3allCa Bo06~e,

6epe3ICo 06'beAHHJleTCJI C BbICOKO'IaCTOTHbIMH y ACTaxoBa ympo. 146em H

HH3KO'IaCTOTHbIMH myMOH, YAU140. llAJlc6o. 6epez. 80CXOO (Bce

193/lCCb H~O OTMCTHTb O~HY oco6eHHOCTb. KOnH'ICCT8CHHoro aHBnH38 OTAcnbHO 83RToroltYAOllCCCT8CHHoro TCKCT8. oco6eHHOCTb. npOHCTeK81OI1\YIO H3 c8ollcTB8. KOTOpOCR 6b1 Ha38an

'CT8THCTH'ICCICOA HanplllKCHHOCTblO". ,lJ,cno 8 TOM. '1TO 8 cHny HAellHo-3MoUHoHanbHoli

H8rpY*CHHOCTH T8Koro TCJrcT8.c8oc06pa3Holi /loMHHaHTHoli cro opHeHTHp088HHOCTH _ npH

eCTecT8CHHOM OrpaHH'ICHHH npOCTpal\CTaa. Ha KOTOpOM OH pa3BcpTbl88eTclI. a 3Ha'lHT. H

o611\cro 'IHCn8 Hcnonb3ycMblX cn08. a8TOpy Mil 80nnOl1\cHHlI cro 38Mblcna OKa3b18aCTCII

Hc06XO/lHMoli n08b1WCHH811KOHUCHTpal.\HII AalKc C8Mbllt CTaH/lapTHbix CAHHHU. n03TOMYTO'lK8

°Tl:'1CTa npH Cp88HCHHH '1aCTOTynoTpc6nllCMblX cn08 co CTaH,l\lIpTHblMH HecKonbKo C/l8HraeTcR

BBepX. TaK. 8 npH8C/lCHHOM cnY'Iac OAHoKpaTHOC nOll8nCHHC cn088 Hapucoeamb 8 /lHcKypce

JIoccaa MOlKCT 6b1Tb H '1HCTO cny'laAHblM. H n03TOMY HC npHHHMaCTCII 80 8HHM8HHC npH

Cpa8HCHHH, XOTR OTHOCHTenbHaR 'IaCTOTa Cro 8 TCKCTCnpH 3TOM H 8b1WC CTaH.!lapTHoli.

OTCyTCTBylOT B J1CXCHXOHC]locCBa) no~ 3HaXOM Homypo (nJ1CHCp), 06pa3YII,

TaX cxa3aTb, aHTypa)l( xapTHHbI. npH'ICM CJ10BO Homypo, C O~HHaXOBOA,

60ncc '1CMB 20 pa3 npcBblwalOlllcA CTaH~apTHYIO '1aCTOTOHBCTPC'IalOlllCCCIlI

060H~ ~Hcxypcax, B J1CXCHXOHC Xy~o)l(HHxa ynoTpc6J1HCTCIi TOJ1bkO I

TCpMHH0J10rH'ICCXOM CMblCJ1C, Tor~a xax y ]loccBa HMCCT 06b1~CHHoe

3Ha'lCHHC - "TO, '1TO CYlllCCTByCT B ~CACTBHTCJ1bHOCTH, HaCTOHlllall,

CCTCCTBCHHaH06CT8HoBxa". Cpo ACTaxoB: 1iJ18rO~apH 3TOMy MHC B xapTHHC

MHororo y~aJ10Cb ~06HTbCH. npH'ICM Ha nAeHepe. OT xOToporo H ~aaHO

OTxa3anCH. Pa60TaTb Ha Homype C'IHTaJ10Cb y Hac 3aHHTHCM yCTapCJ1b1M•••

HeT, HCT, 6C3 Homypbl MO)l(HO BnaCTb B cxeMaTH3M, Homypo 060ralllaeT (c.

200). ]lOCCB: TYT BCCcOXpaHHJ10Cb COOTBcTcTBeimo Homype .•. (c. 26); Tor,za

06'bHCHH MHC, oTxy~a XY~O)l(HHX ee 6epeT, H3 ce6H HJ1H )l(e H3 Homypw?nOToMy '1TO ccnH H3 Homypw, TO nYCTb Mbi C T060A xpacxaMH, XHCTblO He

cnoc06HbI nepe~aTb, HO rJ1a30M-TO MO)l(eM TO)l(C H3BJ1e'lb, YBH~eTb ••• (c. 37).Henb3H cxa3aTb, '1TO BXO~ll.lHe B rpynny HaTypa nOHHTHH H HBJ1eHHH(6epC3Ka,

YTPO. CBCT, UBeT, xpaCXH, TyMaH, ynHua, 6eper, nnHCBa, BOCXO~, poca,

COJ1Hue)'1Y)l(~bl ]loceBy, XOTH 3THX CJ10B(3a HCXJ1IO'ICHHCMKpOCKOMU 1pa3) H

HeT B cro J1eXCHXOHe. Kax 3pHTeJ1bHbJC H ~pyroro po~ npe~CTaBJ1eHHH OHH

npoxo~HT '1CpC3ero BocnpHHTHc BOBpCMH yTpeHHeH nporymcH Ha nmlcBY, HO

OCTaIOTCH HCBep6aJ1H30BaHHbIMH B ero ~HCXYpCC, nepe~aHHblMH aBTopoM

TOJ1bXOB YCJ10BHOHHTCpHo'pH30BaHHoH PC'IH (c. 108, 112-116).Cnc~YlOlllYIO XOMnaxTHylO rpynny CJ10B, HJ1H Y3en aCCOUHaTHBHO-

cCMaHTH'ICCXOH ceTH, B J1CXCHXOHeACTaXOBa COCTaBJ1HIOTnpeBblwalOlllHC

0p~HHapHYIO ynoTpe6HTeJ1bHOCTb AUI40. (Juzypo. nAombe H HX BapHaHTbI (c

'1aCTOTOH, cooTBeTcTBYlOllleH cTaH~apTHoH) - (JU3UOHOMUJI. nopmpem.u306po:JICeHue. (JUZypKO. nAombUl4e. XOTOpblC 06'be~HHlIIOTCli no~ 3HaXOM

RU30 (EJ1H3aBCTa AB~ecBHa), nOCXOJ1bXY nO'ITH BO Bcex XOHTCXCTax

OTHOCHTCH HMeHHO x HcA. Cp.: rnH)I(y, rOTOBO - necox. CXO~HH, Bawa

(JUZypKO B TOM 6eJ10M nAOmbUl4e .•• BocnoMHHaHHIIM npe~aBaTbcli HC)l(eJ1alO,

oCTepcralOcb paccTpoHTb Bac, XOTeJ1 J1HWb nAombe HanOMHMTb. Hc 3HalO.

nOMHlIT J1H )l(CHlllHHbl CBOH nAOmbJl. XOTII 6bJ no6e~oHoCHbiC nAOmbJl? To

Bawc nAombe H Tpaaa cpa3Y BblnHCaJ1HCb.... t/Juzypa Bawa y)l(c

0603Ha'lHnacb. H OH CTaJ1~OnblTbJBaTbCIi - XTO Taxall? jf npe~CTaBHJ1 Bac

xax Hrpy Bo06pa)l(CHHH, xax nCpCOHa)l(, AU140 He HMelOlllHH. K TOMy )l(C

(JU3UOHOMUJI Bawa B TeHH, Tax, O~HH HaMCX••• (c. 195). nOXa3aTeJ1bHo. '1TO,

Bo-nepBblx, 3THX CJ10B Mbi HC BCTpC'IaeM B J1CXCHXOHC)loceBa (J1HWb AU1401 Pa3). BO-BTOpblX. B pe'lcynoTpc6J1CHHH XY~O)l(HHxa OHH xax 6b1~eMaTcpHa-

nH30BaHbI, O~xoTBopeHbl, C~eJ1aHbI 06'bCXTOM xy~o)l(eCTBeHHoro OTpa)l(C-

HHH. 3CTCTH'ICCXOro J11060BaHHH. T.C. 06'bCXTOM HcxyccTBa. H TeM C8MblM,!VI1i

aBTop~ ~Hcxypca (AcTaxoBa) H '1HTaTCnll CJ1Y)l(aT cBoc06pa3HblMH BcxaMH.

yxa3aTCJ1HMH Ha nyTH x BblCWCMY HpaBcTBeHHoMy nCpe)l(HBaHHIO. XOTOpOC

~apHT HaM HCXyCCTBO, - xaTapcHcy. Ha06opoT, Hcc06cTBcHHo-npHMoA

PC'IH ]loceBa, Bcp6aJ1H3YCMoA 3a Hcro aBTopOM H nOToMy HC Bowc~weA B

aHaJ1H3HpYMblH ~HCXYpC, CJ10BO (Juzypo (B 3Ha'leHHH "cTpoAHaH )l(CHCXalI

4lHrypa") npHcYlllC B cyry60 "3CMHOM" 3Ha'lCHHH, H C8M ]loceB, xax coo6111acT

HaM aBTOp, C'IHTaCT cc611 "41HrypHCTOM", (c. 247). T.e. '1enOBCXOM, XOTOpblA

60J1bWe UCHHT B )l(CHlllHHe xpacHBylO 4lHrypy, '1CM "pHBneXaTeJ1bHOC nHUO.

CnoBo-~oMHHaHTa dOM 3aHHMaeT oc06oc MeCTO B pOMaHc. THrOTeH no

CBOHM 4lYXUHlIM B 060HX ~Hcxypcax cxopce x HMeHH c06CTBeHHoMy. Tax xax

124

noceBa, H Y ACTaXOBa B nO~aBJ1I1I0111eM60J1bWHHCTBC XOHTCXCTOBOHO

1I10'3H8'1aCTO~HH H TOT)I(e peanbHblA 06'bCXT,0~HH H TOT )l(C ~CHOTaT - ~OM

o IICJ1b1XB r. ]lbIXOBC, OCHOBHOH06'bCXT H306pa)l(CHHlI B xapTHHC ACTaXOBa.1< XO ccMaHTH'ICCXaH XOHCTeJ1nHUHH 3TOA ~oMHHaHTbI B Xa)l(~OM H3O)ltl8)lIfOJ1CXCHXOHOBnpHHUHnHaJ1bHO pa'3nH'lHa: B nCXCHXOHC ACTaXOBa no~

IItl3KOM dOM BblcTynalOT CJ10Ba - KPblUJO. cmeHo, OKHO, C '18CTOTOA B

'3I1CKYPCCB 3-8 pa3 npeBocxo~HlllCH O)l(H~aCMYIO, H OTCyTCTBylOlllHC B

~eKcHXOHC ]locCBa. Cp.: MC~Hali KpblUJO Bawero dOMO noxpblTa 3eneHblO,

r3KOA KHcnoA, XOTOpylO He 3HalO, xax c~enaTb • .u06HTbCH Taxoro 3cneHoro

USeT3 '3Ha'lHT, EnH3aBCTa AB~eCBHa, peWHTb Ba)l(HeAwylO ~nH MeHII cerO~HII

npo6neMY! BOT-C! A dOM Baw npe3aHliTHblH (c. 197); ...o~Haxo He 3HalO.

y)l8J10Cb 6b1 MHC B MaCTcpCXOH TaK cTonxHyTb )l(HBylO 3CJ1CHbC 3cnCHbIO

OKHcnCtltlOH KpbIUJU. '1T06bl B MeTannc xax 6bl ~ywa o'iHynacb •.• 06paTHTC

StllfM8tlHC Ha 06nynncHHylO WTyxaTypXy. jf CCHC P8~H TO'lHOCTH OCTaBHJ1.

06tla)l(HnCli xpaCHblH XHpnH'I H OTXpblJ1aCb nnOTb dOMo. MaCCHBHali H

Yll'3BHMall. CYTb BellleH MO)l(HO nepe~aTb, HapywHB. C~BHHYB. noxone6aB HX

cjJOPMY.A XTO 3TO MHe no~cxa3an? YTpCHHHH TyMaH! OR o606111Hn (c. 200);Bawc npHcyTcTBHe B rny6HHe OOMO 6blno 4lH3H'ICCXH O~YTHMO.

3aKpawcHHoc Bawe H306pa)l(CHC, 3aMypoBaHHoc - OHO BHyTpH OOMOOCTaJ10Cb.Bbl OCTanHCb TaM 3a 3aHaBecxoIO OKHO; Ha BTOpOM 3Ta)l(C, xy~a II

Bac "nOCCnHJ1,CTOHnH H CMOTpenH Ha MeHH. 3acnaHHall, B ,!VIHHHOH HO'IHOA

COpO'lKe, 60cax ... (c. 198).3Ta rpynna, 06pa3yH BnOJ1He caMOCTOHTcnbHOC C~HHCTBO, TeM HC MeHee

TCCtlO CMblxaeTCH C npe~bl~llleH: nOCxonbxy xonCT H HC CMCHHn, TO

BbInHCblBaH dOM •. H no~ HHM, no~ cmeHOMU cro, XOH'IHXOM XHCTH olllYlllan

Bawy (Juzypy. cnOH ee xpaCXH, H xacaJ1CII Bawcro nAOmbJl, Bawcro AU140,Orna)l(HBan, HaCna)l(~axcb ••• (c. 197-198).

HHoe CCMaHTH'ICCXOe TlirOTeHHC npollBnllcT dOM B neXCHXOHC ]loccBa,

o6pa3yH COOTBCTCTBCHHOH HHOCneXCH'IeCXOe oxpy)l(cHHe 3TOH ~oMHHaHTbI B

ero ~Hcxypce. XOTli 0603Ha'iaCT OH H 3~ecb B OCHOBHOMTOT)I(C caMblH 06'bCXT

(M39 ynoTpe6ncHHH 6 pa3 HMeCTCHB BH~y ~OM KHcnblx) H B 3TOM OTHOWCHHH

KaK 6bl npH6nH)I(aCTCli x HMCHH c06cTBeHHoMy, HO COCTaBero ceMaHTH'IeC-

Koro nOJ1HHHoA: OH 06'be~HHlICT HH3XO'laCTOTHbIC cnOBa UcmopUJI, MY3eil.nOMJlmb, KUCAbIX. nOAU80H08 H TlirOTeCT x BbICOXO'laCTOTHbIM ~OMHHaHTaM

zopOO H KopmUHo (onIlTb-TaXH nO'ITH HMCHaM c06CTBeHHblM, nocxonbXY

nepBoe - nO'ITH Bcer~a ]lbIXOB, a BTopoe - xapTHHa ACTaXOBa). Cp.: jf-TO

MC'ITan - ~nll ZOPOOO Hawcro. 3TOT OOM KUCAblX Y Hac ~OCTOnpHMC'IaTeJ1b-

HOCTb(c. 20); 3x, )l(anb, a TO MornH 6b1 cpaBHHTb,,!VI1i ucmopuu Bonpoca ..• (c.

26); ,40M CTOHT, H 06c HBbl. pa3pocnHcb. XOHC'IHO (c. 27); ]ly'lwcro 3~aHHII

AJ111Hawcro MY3eJl HC "pH~YMaewb. Cne~ycT coxpaHHTb :nOT OOM ,!VIII

"'YUJI, 3TO 6y~eT ny'lwall nOMJlmb IOpwo EMeAbJlHo8U~Y ... 3TO 6Y~CT no-

X03I1AcxH. nO-'1CnOBC'IeCXH. Pa3 Mbi Tax C'IHTaCM, Mbi CBaMH X03l1eBa zopOOO,TO Tax H 6Y~CT! (c. 313); ,40M 3mom. HaTypanbHO. zopoo XO'lCT no~ MY3euIlcnonb30BaTb (c. 339); 1i0raTbie MaTepHanbl y Bac. nOY'lHTcnbHblC. H no OOMyKUCAblX CCTb? (c. 60). B nocnc~HeA UHTaTC "y Bac" - 3TO Y IOPHII EMcnbll-

HOBH'Ia nonHBaHOBa.HcncpcccxacMocTb. HcconpHxacaeMocTb CCMaHTH'ICCXHX noneA OOM B

AByx nCXCMXOHax (06111HA Y3en nOAU80H08 COOTHOCHTpaccMaTpHBacMblc

"AHOJ1CXCHXOHbl 'lCpC3 nOHIiTHC KopmUHO, a He OOM) O'lCHb noxa3aTcnbHa B

125

CBlIlH co CnOBOM Kpl>lWa. COOTBCTCTBylOLQCC nOHliTHC O'lCHb lKHBO 8

COlHaHHH JlocCBa: npeACeAaTeJUI ropHcnonKOMa 3a60TllT TPYAHOCTH,

CBlIlaHHble C pCMOHTOM KpblWH ACTCKoro caAa, Mblcnb 0 npOXYAHBWHXCli

Kpblwax H 0 B03MOlKHOCTH nonY'lHTb nHCTOBoe lKene30 MenbKaeT y Hero BO

BpCMll OAHOH H3 KnlO'IeBblX Anll CYAb6b1 KapmUHI>l c~eH - ero 6eceAbl C

YBapOBblM, pa3rOBOp 0 Kpblwax 3aBOAllT HCOAHOKpaTHO ero COTPYAHHKH H

T.A. OAHaKO eaMO cnOBO Kpl>lWa HH pa3Y HM He ynoTpc6nllCTCli • .nalKC KorAa

PC'Ib 3aXOAHT 06 OC06eHHOCTliX KpblWH AOMa KHcnblx, B ero AHcKypce OHa

ynoMHHaCTClI nHWb KaTacjJopH'ICCKH: B TO'lHOCTH, OHa MCAHblMH nHCTaMH

BblnOlKeHa. 6b1n TaKoA neconpOMblwneHHHK ••• (c. 27).

K TpCM oxapaKTepH30BaHHblM ceMaHTH'ICCKHM nonllM B neKCHKOHe

ACTaxoBa - HaTypa (nneHep), AOM, JIH3a - npHMblKacT rpynna, KOTOPYIO

MOlKHO Ha3UTb no caMoMy '1aCToTHoMy rnarony Bero pe'lH - nucamb. Ib22

ero nOllBncHHH B AHcKypce ACTaXOBa TonbKO B Tpex cny'lallx OH ynoTpe6ncH

B 3Ha'lCHHH "COC1'aBnll1'b KaKoH-H. TCKCT" (c. 194,204 - B nHCbMe, c. 202 - B

ra3eTc), B OCTanbHblX lKe 19 cny'lallx ('1TO npeBblwaeT cTaHAapTHylO '1acToTy

nO'ITH B SO pa3, CM. Ta6nH~Y) Hcnonb3yeTclI B npocjJeCCHOHanbHOM CMblcnc

"c03AaBaTb npOH3BeAeHHlI lKHBonHCH". B neKCHKOHe)ICe JIoceBa 31'01' rnaron

CYLQeCTByeTCOBceM B APyroM 3Ha'leHHH - "06paLQaTbCll K KOMy-n. nHCbMCH-

HO", T.e. nHeaTb "6YMarH", lKan06b1, ocjJH~HanbHblC nHCbMa. Cp.: HaceAalOT

Ha MCHII. HapOA HeAOBoneH. MorYT Ha'la1'b nHcaTb. I{ BaM, H Bblwe (c. 182).

XOTII ero 'IaCTOTa H 60nbwe olKHAaeMoA B TpH pa3a, '11'0 06'bllCHllCTClI

CO~HaJlbHblM cTaTycoM J]oceBa - aAMHHHcTpaTHBHO-X0311HCTBeHHoro

pa60THHKa, ocjJH~HanbHoro nH~a, B ero neKCHKOHe "nHcaTb" He lIBnlleTClI

~CHTPOM CCMaHTH'IeCKOrO npHTlIlKeHHlI H He cjJopMHpyeT lIpKO BblpalKeHHOA

rpynnbl HH BblCOKO'IaCTOTHblX, HH HH3KO'IaCTOTHblX cnOB. TaKHM 06palOM,

6YAy'lH '1HCTO cjJopManbHblM cOBnaAeHHCM C nucamb B AHcKypce ACTaXOBa,

31'0 cnOBO, nOA06HO cnoBy "HaTypa", HC MOlKeT CJIYlKHTb nOKa3aTcneM

"nepCCe'leHHll" ABYX HAHoneKCHlCOHOB.Y ACTaXOBa lKe "nHcaTb" rpynnHpyeT BOKpyr ce611 BblCOKO'IaCTOTHble

Hapuc06amb. pa60mamb, pa6oma. a TaKlKe HH3KO'IaCTOTHble Hanucamb,6l>lnUCbl6amb. npUpUC061>l6amb. Ma/le6amb. XOAcm. 1{3 cnOB 3TOA rpynnbl

TonbKO OAHO CBOHCTBeHHOTaKlKe H nelCCHKOHY JIoceBa - pa6oma, U ero

'1aCTOTa, KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6nH~bl, conOCTaBHMa H co CTaHAapTHOH, H C

'1aCTOTOH3Toro cnOBa B AHcKypce ACTaXOBa. B 3TOM OTHoweHHH BKnlO'IeHHe

ero B Ta6nH~y Morno 6bl nOKa3aTbClI HeonpaBAaHHblM, nOCKonbKY ero

MeCTO - B 'IHCne cnOB THna Z060pumb. H no '18CTOTHOHxapaKTepHCTHKC OHO

He 06naAaeT AHcjJcjJepeH~HpYIOLQeA Anll HAHoneKCHKOHOB cHnoA. Ho AeJ10

3AeCb B CCMaHTH'IeCKOM AHana30He ynoTpe6neHHlI 3Toro cnOBa. OKa3b1Ba-

eTClI, B nCKCHKOHe XYAOlKHHKa Ha ncpBOC Mec1'O BblABHraCTClI 5-e cnOBapHoe

3Ha'iCHHe - "npoAyKT TpYAa, rOTOBOC H3AcnHe", - H B 6 H3 9 KOHTeKC1'OBOHO

COBCpWCHHO onpcAcneHHo BblcTynaeT CHHOHHMOM cnoBy KapmUHa, TorAa

KaK B ABYX H3 Tpex OCTaBWHXClI 3Ha'leHHe HeCKonbKO pa3MblTO,

HconpcAcncHHo H cro MOlKHO HACHTHcjJH~HpoBaTb H KaK 5-e no CJlOBaplO, II

KaK 2-e, T.C. "3aHlITHc, TPYA, AClITCJ1bHOCTb". TIpHMepbl oAH03Ha'lHblX

KOHTCKCTOB: 60J1bWC Bccro nOToMy, '11'0 HC3aBcpWCHHall pa6oma.HCAonHcaHHoc YHH'ITolKaTb TPYAHCC Bcero, CHeAonHcaHHblM paCCTaTbCli CHJ1

HCT. TIOMHHTC 6aJ1b3aKa "HCBCAOMblA WCACBp"? JIy'lWCC, '1TOCO'lHHCHOnpo

Hawy CB0J10'lHYIO npocjJeCCHIO. KapmUHa AOAcnaHHall, OHa OTnaAaCT cnoBHO

126

J1I1CTOCCHHHiL (c. 196); •••11H cro HapHCOBaJl••• B rJIaBHOA MocH pa60me MClK

TCM 6blJ1 nonHblH 3axnon (c. 194); BCAb Mbl AonlKHbl nocxaTb C BblcTaBKoA B

n0J1b3Y aHTHcjJawHcToB, KYAa II Aan ny'lwHe CBOHpa60mbl (c. 205). TIpHMep

HconpeAeJ1CHHOrO KOHTeKCTa: TIPCJ1CCTb MOll, EnH3aB.CTa ABAeCBHa!

lIaKOHe~-TO 3aB1l3anaCb MOll pa6oma. BTopall HCACJ1l1 KOH'IaCTClI, KaK

npC6b1BalO II Y BaWHX nCHaTOB. I{ HaKOHC~, nowno, no KaTHnOCb, H Bce onllTb

CTano npCKpaCHO (c. 194). 3ACCb KalKCTCll OAHHaKOBO npaBoMepHblM

nOHHMaTb nOApa6omoii KaK npo~ecc nHcaHHlI KapTHHbl, TaK H TO, '1TOcaMa

lCapTHHa CTaJ1a nOJ1Y'laTbClI, onpCAeJ1HJ1aCbce OCHOBa, ec lIAPO, "Y3cn" (OHa

3a6J13a/lacb).TaKHM 06pa30M, npaKTH'ICCKH B neKCHKOHe ACTaXOBapa6omaceMaHTH'IeCKH paBH03Ha'iHa KapmUHe.

HHa'iC BblrnllAHT CCMaHTH'ICCKall xapaKTcpHCTHKa cnOBa pa60ma B

J1CKCHKOHCJIocCBa. 3ACCb npeACTaBnCHbl npaKTH'ICCKH BCC cro CJlOBapHblC

3Ha'lCHHlI, 3a HCKnlO'ICHHCM S-ro, TO eCTb Toro caMoro, B KOTOpOM OHO

BXOAHT B J1CKCHKOH ACTaXOBa. TaK, y JIoccBa CCTb J-c 3Ha'lCHHC -

"HaXOlKAeHHC B AeHCTBHH, npo~ccc npeBpaLQCHHll oAHoro BHAa 3HcprHH B

APyroA": OT'IallHHOCTb 3TO CLQCHCpa60ma (c. 78); 2-c 3Ha'leHHC "3aHlITHe":

MHC Ka3anOCb, '11'0 pa60ma B My3ee 31'0 pOCT, nepcnCKTHBa (c. 249); 4-e

3Ha'leHHe - "npoH3BoAcTBcHHall AeSTeJ1bHOCTb no C03AaHHIO, 06pa60TKe

\fcro-J1.": IIoAaATe cne~HanbHYIO 3anHcKy HaC'ICT caoo6o-napKo6blX pa60m(c. 36); 7-e 3Ha'leHHe - "Ka'leCTBO, cnoc06 HcnonHeHHll": A '11'0 TaM lKrnH?-

HKoKocTac co BceMH HKOHaMH, AepeBllHHble BpaTa, Bce pe3HOC, peAKoA

pa6ombl. HKOHbl, rOBopllT, 6blJ1H 60nbwoH xYAolKecTBcHHOA ~eHHOCTH••• (c.

70). TaKHM 06pa30M, H no cnoBy pa60ma MbI He MOlKCM KOHCTaTHpOBaTb

ncpeCe'leHHll HAHoneKCHKOHOB, nOCKonbKY OHO BXOAHT B KalKAblH H3 HHX Bpa3HblX CBOHX 3Ha'leHHllX.

qeTblpe paCCMOTpeHHblX Y3na aCCO~HaTHBHo-ceMaHTH'IeCKOH ceTH B

neKCHKOHe ACTaXOBa, 06pa3ycMble eAHHH~aMH KOHKpeTHOH J1eKCHKH, _

HU3a, OOM, Hamypa, nucamb - CBOASTCll B 60Jlec KpynHylO CCMaHTH'IecKylO

30Hy, KOTopall KoppcnHpyeT C paBHonpaBHblMH C HcA H oAHa C APyroA, eCJ1H

HC no KonH'ICCTBCHHOMy cocTaBy, TO no BalKHOCTH, rpynnaMH, 0603Ha'lae-

MblMH 60ncc 0606LQCHHblMH HMCHaMH, - oywa H KapmUHa. IIcpBall H3 HHX

OTpalKaCT BHyTpeHHcc COCTOllHHe, nepClKHBaHHlI, MHp '1yBCTB XYAOlKHHKa,

BTopall BblBOAHT Ha xapaKTcpHcTHKy cro n03H~HH B pCaJ1bHOM MHpe,

nOMoraCT paCKpblTb cro yCTaHoBKH, ~cnH, CO~HaJ1bHOnCHXOnOrH'IeCKHC

OpHCHTHpbl H O~CHKH. 06c Ha3BaHHblC rpynnbl npcAcTaBncHbl H B nCKCHKOHC

!loccBa, HO HX HanonHCHHC, KaK MbI yBHAHM HHlKe, COBCpWCHHOpa3nH'IHO.

31'01' cjJaKTCLQepa3 CBHAcTcnbcTBycT 0 TOM, '11'0 AanCKO HC BO BCCXcny'lasx,

KorAa 06HapylKHBacTclI nepeKnH'IKa ABYX HAHonCKCHKOHOB -AalKe no

KnlO'IeBblM cnOBaM, KaIC 3TO Ha6nlOAaeTcll B Ta6nH~e, MOlKHO rOBopHTb 0

CCMaHTH'IeCKOA 6nH30CTH HnH ncpeCe'leHHH 3THX nCKCHKOHOB. Y ACTaXOBa

H3 nllTH ynoTpe6neHHA cnOBa oywa ('11'0 no nOKa3aTcnlO OTHOCHTenbHoA\faCTOTbl B TpH pa3a npCBblwaeT 06bl'lHylO ynoTpe6HTcnbHocTb) B Tpex

cnY\fasx OHO BblcTynaeT B MHCTH'ICCKH-MCTacjJopH'ICCKOM 3Ha'lCHHH, HC

<!>HKcHpyeMoM AalKe cnOBapllMH: ••• TaK cTonKHyTb lKHBylO 3cnCHb C 3enCHblO

OKHcnCHHOH KpblWH, 'IT06bl B MCTannc KaK 6bl oywa o'iHynaCb ... (c. 200); OH

JaHlITHblH 6ana60n, caMoAyM, npH'IeM yXOAHT B TaKHC MaTepHH, npo

((OTOpblC HHKTO Y Hac HblHe HC 38AYMblBaCTCS. HanpHMCp, 0 oywe. K8Kall

HMCCTCIIy KaMHll, y AcpeBa, y 03cpa, H KaK 06LQaTbCll C 3THMH oywaMu (c.

127

198). B ,llBYX ,llpyrHx ynoTpc6JlCHHJlX :no CJlOBO HMceT caMOC 06b11fHOC,

HaH60Jlce pacnpocTpaHcHHoe 3Ha1feHHe - "BHyTpeHHHH, nCHXH1feCKHH MHp

1feJlOBCKa, cro c03HaHHc", HC JlHWeHHOC, Bnp01fCM, MHCTH1fCCKOHoKpacKH,

TaK KaK B O,llHOM H3 HHX npOHCXO,llHT, BCpOJITHO,HeJlBHaJi anCJlJlJlUHlI K TeKcTy

6H6J1HH (KHHra CHpaxa HJlH EKKJle3HacT?): Ax, 1IH3a, 1IH38, nOMOJlHTeCb 3a

MeHlI, 60JlbWe Bccro II 60lOCb oMpOlJUmbCJI oywOlo. BnaCTb B YHblHHC.

He,llapOM UepKOBb C'IHTaJla YHblHHe caMbiM TJI)I(KHM rpexoM (c. 206).

0606J.,Uall 3TH Ha6JlIO,lleHHJI, MO)l(HO CKa3aTb, 'I TO B JleKCHKOHe ACTaXOBa

CJlOBOoywo TlIrOTCCT K peJlHrH03HO-MHCTH1fCCICOMYCMblCJlY, BOnJIOJ.,UallB ce6e

cOBoKynHocTb ero MHpOOJ.,UyJ.,UeHHHH rJly60ICHX HHTHMHblX nepe)l(HBaHHA.

TI03TOMy B O,llHy rpynny H3 BbiCOIC01faCTOTHoro cnHClCa 3TO nOHlITHe

06"e,llHHlIeT CJlOBa: nolJY8cm808omb. nOMHumb. mOCKO.xeHl/4uHo, llellQ8elC.HH O,llHO H3 1C0TOpblX, lCaK JlerlCO yCTaHoBHTb no Ta6JlHue, He cBoAcTBeHHO

JleKCHKoHy 1I0ceBa. Ka)l(,lloe H3 Ha3BaHHblX CJlOB, 6Y~1fH ICJlI01feBblM,

06paCTaeT B ,llHcKypce ACTaXOBa OpCOJlOM HH3KO'IaCTOTHbiX JleKCH'IeCICHX

e,llHHHU. TalC, K CJlOBY mOCKO npHCOe,llHHlIIOTCJI yHblHue, nelJOllbHO.poccmpOU80mb, cKylJOmb, oMpOlJUmCJI, TaK)I(e oTcyTcTBylOJ.,UHe y 1I0ceBa;

nOMHumb ,llOnOJlHlIeTClI CJlOBaMH nOMJlmb. 8ocnOMUHOHue. 8cnOMUHomb;xeHI/4UHO - 111060810,ll106umb. npeKpocHblU; nOlJY8cm808omb - IlY8cm80.lJY8cm808omb. nepexu8oHue, Ka)l(,llOe H3 KOTOpblX MHorHMH HHTlIMH

CB1I3bIBaeTClI B CBOIO 01fepe,llb H co CJlOBOM mOCKO, H co CJlOBOMoywo H T.n.,

06pa3yll 4JparMeHT CJlO)ICHoro nepenJleTeHHJI aCCOUHaTHBHo-ceMaHTH1feCICOA

ceTH B JleKCHKOHe ACTaXOBa.

HH1ferO nO,ll06HOrO Mbi He BH,llHM, 06paJ.,UallCb IC JleKCHKoHy 1I0ceBa.

Cl>OPMaJIbHO COBna,llalOJ.,UeeB ero ,llHcKypce CJlOBOoywo, 1faCTOTa 1C0Toporo

,lla)l(e OKa3b1BaeTCJI BbIwe, 1feM B ,llHClCypCC ACTaXOBa, 06Jla,ll8eT COBceM

HHblMH ceMaHTH1feCKHMH cBoAcTBaMH, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO4JopMHpyeT H HHble

JleKCH1feCKHerpynnHpOBKH. TIpe)l(,lle Bcero, B JleKCHICOHC1I0ceBa 3TO CJlOBO

BblcTynaeT KaK "1fY)l(oe", nepeHeceHHoe B ero ,llHClCypc H3 pe1fH napTHepOB no

,llHaJlOry. C06CTBCHHoe cnOHTaHHoe cro HCnOJlb30BaHHC HC1fCpnblBaeTCli

,llByMlI KOHTelCCTaMH, B 1C0TOPblX Mbi BHAHM ero CCMaHTH'ICCICHonycToweH-

HblM, nOCICOJlblCYOHO BXO,llHT B YCToA1fHBble C01fCTaHHJI-Om oywu (c.l6) H

cMY no oywe (c. 13). Bo Bcex )l(e APyrHx CJlY1f8JIX, 6Y~1fH 3XOBbiM

nOBTopeHHeM OT ynoTpc6JlCHHJI napTHcpOM, OHO B JlCICCHICOHC1I0ccBa

CTaHOBHTClI He UCHTpOM ceMaHTH1fCCICOrO npHTJI)I(eHHJI, a UCHTpOM

CCMaHTH'IeCKOrO OTTaJlKHBaHHJI. OH nOCTOllHHO cnopHT C TCM pa3MblTblM,

HeOnpe,lleJleHHblM CMblCJlOM, ICOTOPblA BICJla,llbiBaeT napTHep B 3TO CJlOBO,

npOTHBonOCTaBJlllJl eMY KOHlCpeTHo-rpy6b1e, OCJl3aeMble, 06Jla,llalOJ.,UHe

nOBce,llHeBHOA 3eMHoA peaJlbHOCTblO BeJ.,UH:30n08eoHUK. 3TO npaBHJlbHO.

3ano8eoHuK oemcm80. TaM COXpaHJlIOTCli 80cnOMUHOHUII... Ax, TeTli Bapll.

Bce 3TO npeKpacHo - oywo. 3anOBe,llHHIC. Ho B UHCmOHI4UUC TalCHMH

npUlJUHOMU He nOA,lleWb. 3T0 3a CTOJlOM Ha 410He caMOBapa H BClIIeoA

,llpeBHOCTH 3By1fHT, a npH,lleWb B Ko6uHem - npeO&Jl8I1J1UICOHlCpemHO... Bbi

,llyMaeTe, 'I TO eCJlH Bbi MHe oywy paCTpaBHTe, 3Ha1fHT, ,lleJlO BblHrpaHo? A

KaIC 1I TaM ,llaJIbWe 6y~ pocnlle8bl80mbCJI, HCBa)l(HO, He Bawa 306omo. Bbi

CBoe ,lleJlo C,lleJlaJlH, 306uIIU mpe8ozy ... qeM )l(e Bbi MHe nOMO'Ib xOTHTe? ••

TIHwHTe, Bawe npaBo ••• TOJlbIeO ~MalO, 'I TO nHCbMO MO)l(CT BCCHcnopTHTb.

ApzyMeHmbl y Bac Hccepbe3Hble. OnpoBeprHyT H 80npoc 6Y,lleT CHlIT•••

Dollm08HJI! He 60pb6a Hy*"a, a 00800bl. ApryMcHTbI HCrOTOBlIT, HX HlU)'T,

t28

IIJlH OHH eCTb, HJlH HX HeT. qecTHoe ,llCJlO, Ha,1101fCCTHOpcwaTb •.• (c. 67-68).

TencPb Tbi ce611 )l(aJleeWb, a Bcex Hac npe3HpaeWb. KaK TW Bblpa3HJl-

ell - nyCTbIe oYWu? BbI,llJIo? BOT 3TO y)l(e OCICop6JlCHHe... Hy, ,llonyc-

nyeTHM, TW ce6e oywy 06Jler1fHJl, ,llaJlbWe 'I TO? PyKH paclCHHyJl, rOTOB

Ha Bce. TaK? A 3TO, MO)l(eT, caMoe npOCToe. A ¢oHo6epulO CBOIO ncpc-

UIarHyTb He MO)l(eWb ••• (c. 143); 1Ia,llHo. BH,llHO, JI B Te6e OWH6cJI, COMO-/l106ue ,llJlll Te6J1 Ba)l(Hee ,lleJla. rJlaBHOC - nOICa3aTb CBOIO 06uay Ha Me-

HII (c. 144).B JleKCHKOHe 1I0ccBa, TaKHM o6pa30M, oywo 06pacTaeT ceTblO npo-

THSOnOJl)l(HblX nOHlITHA, OJ.,UeTHHHBaeTClIOCTpHlIMH aHTOHHMOB. C o,llHoA

CTOpOHbI, eA npOTHBOCTOllT - oello. 306oma. 3a6umb mpe80zy, Ko6u-Hem. UHcmOHI4UU, npeal>Jl8l1J1U, KOHKpemHO. pacnlle8bl80UCJI. apzyMeH-mbl. 00800bl. npUlJUHbl. 8onpoc, a C ,llpyroA CTOpOHbl - (JoHo6epuJI. co-M01l106ue. 06uoo, 601lmo8HJI. To eCTb, 3TO y)l(e COBceM HHOA ceMaHTH1feC-

ICHA opeoJl, IeoTopwA onpe,lleJlJleT H HHoe OTHOWCHHe CJlOBa K ,llpyrHMICJlI01feSbIMCJlOBaM B JleKCHKOHe 1IoceBa.

Ho eCJlH 61013a,lla1fa COCTOJlJla TOJlIoKO B TOM, 1fT06w npH conOCTaB-

JleHHH H,llHOJleICCHICOHOBOTJlH1fHTb 1fepHOe OT 6eJloro, eCJlH 6bl 1I0CCB

BblCTynllJI TOJlbICO ICaK "onnOHeHT" aCTaXOBClCoro nOHHMaHHJI oywu, Ta-

KU 3a,ll81fa 6blJla 6101CJlHWICOM npocToA H MaJlOHHTepecHoA • .IlHaJleICTH-

Ka JlOCeBCKoro JleKCHICOHa 3aKJlI01faeTCli B ero YCJlO)l(HeHHocTH H ,llHHa-

MH1fHOCTH, B ero nO,llBep)l(eHHOCTH B03,lleAcTBHJlM HMnyJlbCOB He TOJlbICO

Te3aypycHoro, MHpOOTpa)l(alOlUero ypOBHlI (cTaHOBJlJ.,UerOCJI B ,llaHHOM

cny1fae HCT01fHHICOM aHTOHHMH1feCKOrO OICPY)l(CHHlI), HO H MOTHBaUHOH-

Ho-nparMaTH1feCICOrO ypOBHlI JlH1fHOCTH, HMnyJlbc·OB, KOTopble npHBa-

AIIT IC ceMaHTH1feClCoMY o60raJ.,UcHHIO nOHlITHJI, C,llBHry IC 3Ha1feHHIO ",lly-

ma - caMoe rJlaBHOe, OCHoBHoe, CYTb BeJ.,UeA".

H XOTII B TalCOM CMblCJle 3TO CJlOBO He nOJlBJlllCTCJI B ,llHclCypce caMoro

JIoceBa, HO ynoTpe6JleHHe ero B YCJlOBHO HHTepHopH30BaHHoA aBTopCICOA

pe1fH nepelCH,llblBaeT ,llyXOBHblH MOCTHIC Me)l(,lly ,llByMlI aHaJlH3HpyeMw-

MH neKCHKOHaMH. Cpo ,llBa OTpblBlCa, H3 1C0TOPblX nepBblA - 3TO pa3ro-

BOp C TaHeA TY'lKOBoA, a BTOpoA - nepe,lla1fa aBTopOM 3pHTeJlbHWXnpe,llCTaBJleHHA repoll:

1)"- HeT, He yMeeTe Dbi C JlIO,llbMH rOBopHTb.- H. He yMelO?

- TIponeC01fHTb yMeeTe, ,llOKa3aTb, OTCTOllTb, a BOT nO,lleJlHTb-ClI, CKa3aTb, 'I TO y Bac Ha oywe,· - He yMceTe.

- .Ila C KaKoA CTaTH JI ,llOJl)l(eH aywy CBOIO OTKpblBaTb?

- BaM-To JlIO,llH OTKpblBaIOT. K BaM npHXO,llllT, ,lleJlllTCJI. A Bbi

ce6J1 TOJlbKO no ,lleJlaM ueHHTe, C,lleJlaJlH - 3Ha1fHT, xopoWHA, He c,lle-JlaJlH - nJloxoA. TaK HeJlb311." (c.1SS).

B :nOM OTpblBlCe KaK 6101,llBe CTOpOHbI oywu B JlOCeBCKOM ee nOHH-

MaHHH: nponeCOlJUmb. aOKo3amb. omCmOJlmb aello OTHOCJlTClI K aHTOHH-

MH1fHOH eH c4Jepe, onHcaHHoA Bblwe, a noaellUmbCJI, omKpblmb - ICToA

COKpoBeHHoH, C KOTOpOH OH BHeWHe peWHTeJlbHO nOJleMH3HpyeT, HO no-

JleMH3HpyeT npH :nOM H C8M C c060A, nOCKOJlbKY cTapaTeJlbHO cnpJl-

TaHHOC BHyTpH, Ka)l(yJ.,UccclI eMy 6eCnOJle3HblM ,llpyroe nOHHMaHHe CBlI-

3b1BaeT ee KpenKHMH HHTJlMH C xapaKTepRblMH H pC3KO npeBblwalOJ.,UH-

MH B ero JleKCHKOHe cTaHAapTHylO 1faCTOTHOCTbnOHlITHlIMH o06po (> B 10129

pa3), COt1eCmb(> B 10 pa3) (06a OTCyTCTBylOT y ACTaXOBa), TalC )«C kaleC O~HHaICOBOnpHCY~HM ~BYM JICICCHKOHaMnOHlITHCM Kpacoma (> B 10 pal)(CM. T86JI.).

2) "PcKa B3rJllIHYJIa Ha Hcro IIpKO-KOpH'IHCBblMH rJIaJaMH TY'lICOBOA.B3rJIlIHYJIa ~OBCP'lHBO, pacnaxHyTo, TalC, '1TO OTpa3HJIOCL lCaJIeHOC OTBOCXOABHc60, nOJIcrwali HBa, MaJIL'IHICH••.

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npocTynaJIH CMy HaBCTpC'Iy. OH norpY)ICaJICIi B 3TOT HccnCWHLlA MllpCKphlTOA Kpacombl. KaKaJl CICJIa~hlBaJIaCb H3 BCCX MaJIOCTCA, lCor.Qa MOllC-HO nlO60BaTLClI H KaMHcM, H npOCThlM JIHCTKOM, H OTMCJIblO. Bcc 3TOABBHO'CTaJIO '1aCTblO cro caMoro, MO)ICCTnOToMy OH H HC 3aMC'IaJI 3ToAKpocombl. KaK HC 3aMC'IaJI lIY~o CBocro cep~l4a. ywc.Qwcro ~emcmBa.'1y~a lCa)IC.QO.QHCBHOAJlCU3HU" (c. 116).

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134

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135

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136

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OJ CM., HanpHMcp: 1axapo.a K. tI'.• OpAo.a B.r . .llHanCItTHOC 'IJICHCHHCpyccltoro .3Wlta.M., 1970. C. 134. 146 H ,Ilp. Hail. 2. M.: URSS, 2004.

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