29535168 berth kuliah pelabuhan maritim bu erika ii

7/30/2019 29535168 BERTH Kuliah Pelabuhan Maritim Bu Erika II

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(DERMAGA)


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Port Authority:infrastructure

Private sector:superstructure

Locks

Docks

Quay Walls

...

Pavement

Handling equipment

Werehouses

...

Transhipment operations: actual situationof the partnership between the PA and the private sector


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SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES

Channels, port entrance,basin layout & harbor tug

MANOEUVRABILITY ATLOW SPEED

Motion of ships & their

mooring forces

MOORING EQUIPMENT

(ROPES & WIRES)

Mooring & fender designSHAPE OF HULL &

MOTION

Handling equipment & storageTYPES OF CARGO UNITS

(BULK, CONTAINER, ETC)

Types of CHE (quay cranes

& booster pumps)

Cargo handling ratesCARGO HANDLING

GEAR (CRANE & PUMPS)

Handling rateMinimum storage requirement for

full ship load

CARGO CARRYING

CAPACITY

Widths & bends of channels,

the size of port basins

Width of channels & basins

Length & layout of terminal, length

of quay, location of transit sheds

The reach of CHE

Water depth along the berth, in

channels & basins

MAIN DIMENSIONS : Length

Beam

Draft

INFLUENCE ON PORT

FACILITIES

GOVERNING /

DETERMINATION

SHIP

CHARACTERISTICS


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Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure

1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself 3.From Landside

Horizontal

loads

Vertical

loads

Horizont

al loadsVertical loads

Horizontal

loads

Vertical

loads

FromSea

ShipBerthing

Shiplying

at berth

Deadweight

Superimposed

loads

1.Wave2.Icepressure

1.Speedcaused byships own

engine, wind,or current.When V isfixed Ef iscalculatedand the forceon the berthdetermined.2. Forcesalong thefront of theberth.3. Bollardforce

1.Bollardforces2.Current

3.Wind4.Waves

1. Vessel

hangs up

on thefendering

2. Bollard

3. Heave

force cause

by ice

4. Live

saving

equipment

1.Temp.shrinkage2.From

cranes3.Wind forceon building4.Forcesagainst curb.5.Horz.forcesdue tofrictionalmaterial

1.Berth2.Building

1.Superimposedloads and wheelloads

2.Snow loads3.Ice forces

1.Dead weighton filling

2.Superim

posed loadson filling3.Waterporepressure


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The design wave height Hdes, which should bechosen for the design may, depending on theseverity of the allowable risk, be as follows:

Type of structure Hdes/Hs

Erosion protection 1.0 to 1.4

Rubble-mound breakwater 1.0 to 1.5

Concrete breakwater 1.6 to 1.8

Berth Structures 1.8 to 2.0

Structure with high safety requirements 2.0

Berth Structure

Berths, Fendering ,Jetties, Pier Caisson


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The purpose of a berth structure is mainly to provide a verticalfront where ships can berth safely. The berth fronts areconstructed according to one of the following two main principles,as illustrated in figure 3.4.1. A. :

Solid Berth Structure : The fill is

extended right out to the berth front

where the a vertical front wall is

constructed to resist the horizontal load

from the fill and a possible useful load.

Open Berth Structure : From the top of

a dredged or filled slope and out to the

berth front a load bearing slab is

constructed on columns or lamella walls.

In open structures all vertical loads are

transmitted via the columns or lamella

walls to rock, or to a load resistant sub

soil stratum.


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The bearing ofhorizontal loads cantake place at three

levels :

at quay level

between deck

and bottom level

at bottom level

Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure

1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself 3.From Landside

Horizontal

loads

Vertical

loads

Horizont

al loadsVertical loads

Horizontal

loads

Vertical

loads

FromSea

ShipBerthing

Shiplying

at berth

Deadweight

Superimposed

loads

1.Wave2.Icepressure

1.Speedcaused byships ownengine, wind,or current.When V isfixed Ef iscalculatedand the forceon the berthdetermined.2. Forcesalong thefront of theberth.3. Bollardforce

1.Bollardforces2.Current3.Wind4.Waves

1. Vessel

hangs up

on the

fendering

2. Bollard

3. Heave

force cause

by ice

4. Live

saving

equipment

1.Temp.shrinkage2.Fromcranes3.Wind forceon building4.Forcesagainst curb.5.Horz.forcesdue tofrictionalmaterial

1.Berth2.Building

1.Superimposedloads and wheelloads2.Snow loads3.Ice forces

1.Dead weighton filling

2.Superimposed loadson filling3.Waterporepressure

Bower

ro e

Bower

breast

Bower

spring Stern spring Stern breast Stern rope


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Berth

Front

Berth

LineApron

Terrain

Water

Depthro

n

Height

Habour

BasinDredged

Bottom

Quay slab

Filled

Front wall

Dredged

GENERAL

SOLID

BERTH

Front wall

Quay slab

Columns

(piles)

Erosionprotection

Dredged

or

Excavated

OPEN BERTH

Figure : Type of berth front structure


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General consideration

General considerations should be taken before making a quaywall are whether the quay wall are built along shore line, inland

or in deep water.

a) along shoreline b) inland c) in deep water

Figure : Location choice of berth construction


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A choice of quay wall structure is strongly affectedby some boundary condition, such as:

Soil condition; it is the most important consideration since it

has more or less 50% geotechnical problem. Soil pressure

Life load on quay, uniform load, point loads, mooring forces

(bollard, fenders)

Depth in front of quay

Tidal effects/water table behind quay

Secondary effects; wind, current, waves, swell, seismic

loads, ice loads

Boundary Condition :


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QUAY WALL


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Type of Quay Walls

Figure. : Cross-Section of a Quay Wall in Block Construction


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Figure. : Design of Quay Wall in Blockwork Constructionin an Earthquake


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Pertimbangan Praktis

Tanah keras harus dekat ke dasar dock

Memerlukan banyak penggalian dan penurunan

water table

Kualitas sempurna dapat diperoleh Ongkos pemeliharaan yang rendah


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Overall stability

SlidingH

M

Figure : Stability of Berth Structure

29535168 berth kuliah pelabuhan maritim bu erika ii

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