]2‡…3—– · stuvw,;xyz{|,}~ •†\]2‡…3—– › fi,fl°(,– †,–...
TRANSCRIPT
stuvw,;xyz{|,}~���\]2��3��
®
,̄°(
,± ²
,± ³
,́µ#
,¶ ·
,̧¹º
,±»¼
(é5#$%&'(+,12#3
,é5é.
550009)
67
[./
]½¾¿ÀÁ=�ÂÃÄÅ]=ÆBC/Ç%ÈÉZ[CÊË
。[FG
]ÌÍÇ%ÈÎÏG
,ÐÑÒ45Á=MNÓ
284L
,ÔRÕÖu×ØG
(PLS)½Ê
,[C��ÙÚÛÜ2K/¿ÀÁ=�/ÂÃÄÅ
(hÅ
、ÝÞÅ
)]=ÆBC
。��ß[ÎÏK;O
9002.45~4069.19cm-1,QRàáâã^y
Savitzky-Goly(SG)�äåæçèÎÏéêz
。ëìíÊËîïð
,ñòóôFG]Ç%
ÈFGZõ/^_çèí<ö
。[̂_
]¿ÀÁ=�/hÅ
、ÝÞÅ
、=Æ
3÷ø�éZÊË/ùúûã
r�üO
0.9968、0.9872、09951,
ýþÿ!"F#
(RMSECV)�üO
0.354、0.558、0.067。[̂v
]ÊËîïð$%
,2÷FG&'()*#+
,Ç%ÈFG,y=~�
/ÂÃÄÅ]=Æ-É[C��
。
89:
=~
;ÂÃÄÅ
;=Æ
;Ç%È
;[CÊË
;<=>?
TS41+1 @ABCD
A @EF?
0517-6611(2017)15-0079-04
EstablishmentofNearinfraredQuantitativeModelforQuickTestofWatersolubleSugarandNicotineinFluecuredTobaccoinGuizhouDUANKai,JIHouwei,LIUJian etal (TechnologyCenterofChinaTobaccoGuizhouIndustrialCo.Ltd,Guiyang,Guizhou550009)Abstract [Objective]Toestablishnearinfraredquantitativemodelfordetectionofwatersolublesugarandnicotineinfluecuredtobacco.[Method]Basedonnearinfraredspectroscopy,atotalof284sampleswereselected,andpartialleastsquares(PLS)modelwasusedtoestablishmodel,solublesugar(totalsugar,reducingsugar)andnicotinecontentintobaccoinGuizhouwerequantitativelyanalyzed,thespectralrangewasdeterminedas9002.45-4069.19cm-1,spectralpretreatmentwasconductedbyusingfirstorderderivativeandSavitzky-Goly(SG)smoothingfilter.Theprecisionofthemodelwasinvestigated,theresultsobtainedbystandardmethodandnearinfraredmethodwerecompared.[Result]Thecorrelationcoefficientsoftotalsugar,reducingsugarandnicotineintobaccowere0.9968,0.9872,0.9951,RMSECVwere0.354,0.558,0.067respectively.[Conclusion]Theprecisionofthemodelisgood,andthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwomethods.Thenearinfraredmethodissuitablefortherapidquantitativeanalysisofwatersolublesugarandnicotineintobacco.Keywords Tobacco;Watersolublesugar;Nicotine;Nearinfrared;Quantitativemodel
KLMN
®
(1986—),.
,ÙÚÙ/�
,0z�,�
,��=~9�
��01
。 ¡¢£
,c5�,�
,��
,��=~�=
19���01
。
OPQR
2017-03-13
êë¼6ì12
(NIR)F¡�í®Vìí12
,W'î
ï�ð
、�UÇ
、§ñò
、§ói�?ôõìk�Í¢höj
÷Ï
,êÖlyøùM
,úû4üªñËý&
、þ:
、¾0
、ÿ
oh!"
[1]。Î�ÇùðF
:�ñ^D#
C—H、N—H、O—H
`
C Oh�1nêë¼6ìÀÚ�V¤Ï
,Óø'
P^DVêë¼6ì#$
,nsʤު«¢q
、¢¯Í¢
V12
。wxÒ% &6
780~2500nm6ìá¢'ïêë
¼6ìá
[2]。
${©ï¡�()q¸�Vý�o
,Îjk:9Uì#
®'8¯V
—CH、—OH、—NHh*�1
[3]。${#l±
、
°ù±
、l+
、$,
、-
、.hjk:9UìF/0$©D¯
V�1�Pk122'
,Îwxn${V%
、ý
、3�&W'
P8Vðö�£45'
[4]。67:9Uì#Vl±
、°ù
±
、l+
、$,m®'8¯V®
H�1
,²-
、.h§P8<
�h�ÎÌ'P�1L]VT9ßzj8¯V:9#$
[5]。
Î#¶}q±
(l±
、°ù±
)V®¯F:¢$_Ø��Vj
k³E
;l�^,
($,
)®¯F:¢$_;��<=Vjk
³E
,½$,®¯��
,�<=þ
、;�ã>
,®¯��
,�?
@q8
、$��
、ABh
[6]。³�
,ÈÉ/$C&�oÿ!ú
Qý$$#¶}q±�$,Dïjkbc2'
,EßnU
o/$D¯VF¾W'sGPkV5'
。ÈÉ
,«&�n�
2�PkV:9Uìjk°FHIJÑVKLìí! ª«
MÍ
,ÎåNOP
、QR�6
、)*ST¯8
、ð·�
,²�Ã
n<=¨Uñò
[7-9]。
²êë¼6ì12ìí³Î�>UN
、?k�MÍô�
Uì�í®<ØV÷Ï
,êVÖl|${:9Uììí`D
¯F¾hô!è`¦W4üVªñ
。XYZh
[10]ñêë¼
6ì12[Í/$jK$_Vab�$,
;\]^h
[11]ñ
_`©êë¼6ì9
(FT-NIR)îMÍ¢$©`$a#V
by,
;tch
[12]�Ëêë¼dø[Í${eN®¯
;¡ë
&h
[13-14]ñêë¼6ììí12|fgÍ$aVD¯2
'
,�Ë|fêë¼6ììí12n
7�67$a:9Uì
ª«£�MÍ
。Þß�Ëêë¼6ì12
,hI
2015Öé
5ijk$©�ÒV
284êQý$$ëo
,L]jyþEk
(PLS)lm
,n¶}q±�$,®¯ª«¢¯ìí
,nñ£
4ëonmûVѪqª«Üo
,î|ï#©QýC&nQ
ý$$D¯VF¾ôõ12pq
。
1 STUVW
1.1 ST
1.1.1 jk9:rs
。AntarisⅡ_`©«têë¼6ì9
(Thermo,½/
),ÿ'�ìuHë`ëovw�HëÐÑ
、
TQAnalyst7.0:9@¯9xR
;Futurap8LKLìí9
(Allliance, /
);FED-240ûIJ;}FETUL
(Binder,y/
);YC-400B-03ûz{9�M${NOP
(|¤}
,U~
);AE100û;<ìí=ã
(Mettler-Toledo,}
�
);40È'�^
。
1.1.2 ëo
。f�ÒQý0ÚÌ
2015Öé5ijk$©
�ÒVQý$$ëo
284ê
。ëo��Wé5i�Vjk
$©�Ò�jkhÓ
。ëo#$Û¶
1。
abcdef
,JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci.2017,45(15):79-82,87
g
1 XY��
Table1 Informationofsamples
�Ò
Producingareaêd
Number∥ê
hÓêd
Gradenumber
�-��
Zheng’anWuchuan 10 3����
ShibingZhenyuan 7 4��
Bijie 5 1��
Weining 37 4-�
Anshun 23 4�~
Kaidu 28 5�¶
Huishui 8 8�"
Qiannan 16 5��
Xingpan 30 5�'
Zunyi 15 3=�
Tianzhu 15 4��¶
Liupanshui 6 2��
Panxian 20 7��"
Qianxinan 49 5�5"
Qiandongnan 15 5ëold
Totalsample 284 —
_'ëom%&${«&'�
YC/T31—1996[15] $
$¾sU$]
,nѡ�
40ÈX^hØo$]ëo���
Vm�q
。
1.2 XY(f�3\]
%&${«&'�
YC/T468—2013[16]
�
YC/T159—2002[17]nëo#l±
、°ù±
、$,
(l�^,
)V®¯ª«Í¢
。LÑ@½¶
2_�
。
g
2 st�!���(f�=
(����W
)����
Table2 StatisticsofmainchemicalconstituentsintobaccoinGuizhou
bycontinuousflowmethod %
:9Uì
Chemicalconstituenty8w
Maximumyþw
Minimummw
Mean'�jt
Standarddeviation
l±
Totalsugar 35.11 13.14 24.52 4.49
°ù±
Reducingsugar 29.78 11.14 21.14 3.73
l�^,
Nicotine 3.27 1.43 2.21 0.33
1.3 ~������
ïØoy8(�Ò�þ6ìHÌ�
>#V¼ÀT�³E
,£Ü\Vsn��F¾|
20% ~80%,
E�F¾|
18~26℃。êë¼9: |¡P[}m
|
1hh¸
,§ñ
valpro>�n9:ª«¢�
。¸£åNØ
oW |ëo6ìVHÌmF|k¡QRS¤UV
。
$]ëom�¥¦ëov#
,ñãë: ëoã£
。
Óø/§sÊ'�
《GB/T29858—2013ì<6ìôO¢�
¢¯ìíà�
》HÌ6ì
。6ìHÌCDï
10000~4000cm-1(1000~2500nm);
6ì쨷ï
8cm-1;AB|dï
64|
;ëovw�!9ïj3w�
。H̦V6ìÛg
1。1.4
����VW
h�Ô©ªÜol`¢�mû
,/0
mûq�÷«V2'ï£4w;[ÍwsÊÐd
(r)��Ô
©ªÜom!t
(RMSECV)。2
^_U=`
2.1 ���VW3�
|HÌ6ìV�>#¬���
�T��®¯
,½�f°�
、6±²h
[10]。ïW³ìôI6
<
1 XY��
Fig.1 Samplespectrum
ì_´®V'ð¤Þ#$
,ô�¢�mûV[͵�
,¶·
nëo6쪫[¸ð
。�)Ü#
,ÞßHñ¡¹´d�E
¹´dL]
Norris¥dº&�
Savitzky-Goly(SG)㻺&
nëo6쪫[¸ð
。hl±mûï¤
,Äk6ì[¸ð
! n[ÍmûÃ��ÄkVrs
,½¶
3_�
。Î#
,E
¹´dVð�t
,²¡¹´dL]
SGã»Vð�¼
,_
h
,ëo6ì[¸ð! ½¢ï¡¹´dL]
SG㻺&
V!
。
g
3 lm�����VW+¡{���\^_345
Table3 Effectofdifferentspectralpretreatmentsonpredictionresults
oftotalsugarmodel
[¸ð!
PretreatmentssÊÐd
(r)Correlationcoefficient
�Ô©ªÜo
m!t
Internalcrossvalidationvariance(RMSECV)
¡¹´d
Firstorderderivative 0.9965 0.370
¡¹´d
+Norrśdº&
FirstorderderivativeandNorrisderivativefilter
0.9908 0.601
¡¹´d
+SG㻺&
FirstorderderivativeandSavitzkyGolyfilter
0.9968 0.354
E¹´d
Secondorderderivative 0.9903 0.616
E¹´d
+Norriśdº&
SecondorderderivativeandNorrisderivativefilter
0.9921 0.557
E¹´d
+SG㻺&
SecondorderderivativeandSavitzkyGolyfilter
0.9872 0.708
2.2 ���¢3�
|½¢¼6ì[¸ð! æ{
,ª
c¾hIÄk6ìáÙlmnmû[ÍðVrs
。c¿
¦6ì´®V#$¯¬68
,ÀkÁ?��ñ_''ñV6
ìdø
,hô�mûµ�
,Âk¥î÷:ÃÄVM�
,³�Ó
ø[¸ð{ìgV¤qÒ%hÅ6ìá"
9002.45~4069.19cm-1,
6ìg½g
2_�
。TQAnalyst7.08Æ'
ìá÷:hÅÇ�
,ÎhÅCDï
4329.79~4350.62�
6140.24~5912.68cm-1。2�ìáhÅnl±mûVrs
½¶
4_�
。
2.3 ��£��3¤¥
u6wrÈuw
,F26ìwr
:9w�8mûÉßVdø
,nmûVÊËq Ã��Æ�
Vrs
。u6w��Vù³jk')Ü<=V«:
、ÒïÌ
©ÍÎh`9:ÔÝ«:h
。
08 ª«¬���
2017h
<
2 ¦§�¨���*
Fig.2 Manuallyselectedspectralrange
g
4 ��� +,©¡{�\��345
Table4 Effectofdifferentwavelengthrangesontotalsugarpredic
tionmodel
ìáCD
Spectralrange∥cm-1sÊÐd
(r)Correlationcoefficient
�Ô©ªÜo
m!t
Internalcrossvalidationvariance(RMSECV)
xR8L÷:hÅìá
Softwareautomaticoptimizationselection
0.9682 1.110
(4329.79~4350.62�
6140.24~5912.68)Ò%÷:hÅìá
Artificialoptimizationselection
0.9968 0.354
(9002.45~4069.19)
:9u6wà6F³ïÍ¢Ît�8²��
,¡Ï?à
�Ðtìí! Ñj
。6ìu6w�?Òï�rsÏ
,��
6ìÄW'Ó¶q
,�8mûÉßVãm6ì
,|lm�>
#6¶zjÐtwÄ¡¢¸8
,ÔV¸þ
,ÏÕÖw�8
。
ïW'ð×ØnÑÙ�Kdø
,jkHñÚÛÜ8
、Õ
Öw�9�:ÐtwhÑ@2'ª«×Ø
、�¡ÑÙ
,�V
! ?ìÝnN¡KûVu6wª«'ð(Ý
。�?�ñ
Þ¤ßé! n:9u6w�6ìu6wª«k�(Ý
、
ÑÙ
。
2.4 �\��3��
Hñ�Ô©àÜo
PLSl`[Ím
û
。PLSFÈɪñy4üV¡�:9@¯9!
,áâ]
WôOfqãä �jUìãä V÷Ï
,ÄÏ�mûWs
WUN£ñV¤Ï
,°66ªñË:9UìQZVëo
ßÐ
。
½É_£
,|
9002.45~4069.19cm-1ì媫lm
,
6ì쨷ï
8cm-1。Hñ¡¹´dL]
SG㻺&V!
n6쪫[¸ð
。l±
、°ù±
、$,Vêë¼¢�m
ûsÊVdø2'½¶
5_�
。ïô�mûVµ�
,hyþ
V
RMSECV½¢y÷jUìd
,l±
、°ù±
、$,Vy÷j
UìdìÝï
9、10、11。l±
、°ù±
、$,mûV:9w;
[ÍwæÏg½g
3~5_�
。3�:9UìVæÏ~£�
çèÒÌ#|afVQD
,з:9w;[ÍwVsÊq
�¼
。
g
5 ~��ª«��¬8��B
Table5 Relevantmathematicalindexofnearinfraredcalibrationmodel
:9Uì
Chemicalconstituents¢�ëǯ
Correctedsamplesize
y÷jUìd
Optimalprincipalcomponent
sÊÐd
(r)Correlationcoefficient
�Ô©ªÜom!t
Internalcrossvalidationvariance
[ÍCD
Predictionrange%
l±
Totalsugar 277 9 0.9968 0.354 13.14~35.11°ù±
Reducingsugar 279 10 0.9872 0.588 11.14~29.78$,
Nicotine 272 11 0.9951 0.067 1.43~3.27
<
3 ¡{(f�U���\�®¯<
Table3 Scatterplotoftotalsugarchemicalvalueandmodel
predictivevalue
2.5 ��°±²³´
|kh)ÜQRS
,°PéI
3ê
ëo
,ìÝêÄ
1#、2#、3#, êëoAB
10|
,@ÄABL
Vsn'�jt
,h×¢mûVµè�
,L½¶
6_�
。
3õëoVsn'�jt
(RSD)mþË
2%,зmûW'
�¼Vµè�
。
<
4 µ¶{(f�U���\�®¯<
Table4 Scatterplotofreducingsugarchemicalvalueandmodel
predictivevalue
2.6 B·VWU~��VW+¸
°PéI
20êëo
,ì
ÝHñ${«&V'�!
(RëKL
)�êë¼! n
ëoV¶}q±
(l±
、°ù±
)�$,®¯ª«Í¢
。2�
! Í`VL½¶
7_�
。Ùl±'ìdíêëo¼
,Î
îëoVsn'�jtmþË
5%,зmûV[Í�½�
1845¥
15¦
®4
ÙÚ¿ÀÁ=�ÂÃÄÅ]=ÆÇ%ÈÉZ[CÊË/½¾
�¼
。
<
5 ,}(f�U���\�®¯<
Table5 Scatterplotofnicotinestandardvalueandcalculated
value
3 po
�wxHñêë¼6ì12l`îMMÍé5jkQ
ý$$#¶}q±�$,mû
。|[ÍmûVl`�>#
,
ïSÙ®¯T�ï)W��6ì[¸ð!
,ïy8(�Ø
ð6ì#$Ò%½¢ìá
,L]
PLS̀¦Wl±
、°ù±�
$,
3�jk:9UìVyñmû
,3�UìVsÊÐd
(r)ìÝF
0.9968、0.9872、0.9951,©àÜom!t
(RMSECV)
ìÝF
0.354、0.558、0.067。(�£4ëoÜo
,m
û�½?ò
,óô£4MÍõk
。;JÑVKLìí s
£
,ªñêë¼6ì MÍëo�
,öWOPVɸð�
>
,ô�W:9MÍð·
,²�nëo§*÷óø
,?£zô
�Uìk�MÍ
。¶}q±�$,VîMÍ¢nUo/$
D¯/ù
、ÿ!¡yh!è~ �¦�~V©ñ
,nC&V
g
6 ª«��°±²³´^_
Table6 PrecisionexperimentsresultofNIRcorrectionmodels %
ëo
Sample:9Uì
Chemicalconstituent
AB|d
Scanningtimes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10mw
Meansn'�jt
Relativestandarddeviation(RSD)
1#l±
27.62 27.59 27.58 27.60 27.61 27.59 27.58 27.62 27.59 27.61 27.59 1.45°ù±
17.24 17.20 17.23 17.20 17.20 17.21 17.24 17.22 17.19 17.21 17.21 1.69$,
2.17 2.16 2.19 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.19 2.16 2.20 2.19 2.18 1.452#
l±
32.33 32.34 32.33 32.30 32.32 32.30 32.31 32.31 32.33 32.34 32.32 1.45°ù±
23.09 23.07 23.06 23.07 23.06 23.08 23.07 23.09 23.08 23.07 23.07 1.02$,
2.26 2.27 2.26 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.25 2.23 2.23 2.27 2.25 1.403#
l±
18.95 18.96 18.97 18.98 18.95 18.96 18.96 18.95 18.96 18.97 18.96 0.95°ù±
12.15 12.16 12.15 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.16 12.16 12.15 12.18 12.16 1.36$,
1.83 1.82 1.80 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.81 1.83 1.82 1.85 1.82 1.33
g
7 2¹VW\º3xyz{|,}12
Table7 Resultsofsolublesugarandnicotineby2methods %
ëoêÄ
SampleNo.
l±
Totalsugar'�!
Standardmethod
êë¼6ì
NIRsnjt
Relativedeviation
°ù±
Reducingsugar'�!
Standardmethod
êë¼6ì
NIRsnjt
Relativedeviation
$,
Nicotine'�!
Standardmethod
êë¼6ì
NIRsnjt
Relativedeviation
1 28.27 28.22 3.54 24.21 24.19 1.41 2.35 2.33 1.412 25.90 25.83 4.95 20.69 20.71 1.41 1.78 1.82 2.833 25.73 25.69 2.83 20.63 20.66 2.12 1.74 1.80 4.244 26.33 26.35 1.41 20.90 20.93 2.12 1.73 1.71 1.415 24.66 24.70 2.83 19.92 20.01 6.36 1.57 1.61 2.836 25.89 25.91 1.41 21.02 20.98 2.83 2.13 2.09 2.837 23.23 23.16 4.95 18.99 19.03 2.83 2.04 2.06 1.418 24.81 24.77 2.83 20.16 20.14 1.41 2.08 2.05 2.129 24.89 25.01 8.49 19.45 19.45 0.00 2.05 2.03 1.4110 22.73 22.68 3.54 18.50 18.46 2.83 2.09 2.06 2.1211 18.40 18.33 4.95 15.71 15.68 2.12 1.77 1.81 2.8312 20.67 20.62 3.54 17.81 17.82 0.71 1.75 1.76 0.7113 21.35 21.33 1.41 19.33 19.32 0.71 3.12 3.13 0.7114 22.53 22.58 3.54 20.48 20.52 2.83 3.08 3.10 1.4115 21.66 21.63 2.12 20.07 20.05 1.41 2.99 3.03 2.8316 29.33 29.34 0.71 25.62 25.59 2.12 2.28 2.31 2.1217 27.66 27.62 2.83 23.94 24.00 4.24 2.26 2.24 1.4118 27.46 27.45 0.71 23.45 23.41 2.83 2.41 2.39 1.4119 28.47 28.51 2.83 24.71 24.71 0.00 2.35 2.33 1.4120 29.97 30.02 3.54 26.20 26.23 2.12 2.21 2.19 1.41
(g2¨
87©
)
28 ª«¬���
2017h
>#�¦Vsn'�Ľ¢�ïμ(3.2.2)=0.002,_h
,��
¢Ò�>#�¦Vsn'�Ľ¢�½S
:
μ(3.2)= μ2(3.2.1)+μ2(3.2.2槡 )=0.0402 (12)
â]'�^D���¢Ò#VĽ¢�
,��0«'�
%©}�ÿ¾�¦Vsn'�Ľ¢�½S
:
μ3= μ2(3.1)+μ2(3.2槡 )=0.0403 (13)
2.4 B·âãäåÝÞ3¬+B·lÕ]²
Í¢V�
0«��#V
9êÏÓøyþEk ª«fqØ]
,̀jÎ
'�×fï
y=ax+b,Î#
,yïÀ6�w
,xï�0«��
,
bï%©×fáÜ
,aï%©×fâ·
。Äk'�}���
¸P`jVnªÀ6�wÛ¶
1,�ÎnªV!>ï
y=95348.1x+4570.2,
sÊÐd
r=0.9997。
g
1 Ó�ÔB·yà\2^_
Table1 Themeasurementsofhexavalentchromiumstandardsolution
��
Concentrationmg/L
À6�w
Absorbancevalue
��
Concentrationmg/L
À6�w
Absorbancevalue
0 1187 1.2 1204990.4 44781 1.6 1568050.8 82512 2.0 192283
yþEk �¦'�Ľ¢�%9
(14)@Ä
,Î#Ðt
V'�tï
S,Pï��ͯ|d
,nï��¶ã
,珋xïëoÍ
¯ãmw
,%©×f��ãmwï
珚N,BïÑ@¯
,Óø+9
@Ä`j
:
μ4=Sa×
1P+
1n+x-N
槡 B =0.0127 (14)
2.5 å�B·lÕ]²|æçlÕ]²
Óøh¸)Üd
ø
,@Äã`äÍ£¤ëo#�0«��
珔C=1.309mg/L,�
Óø+9
(1)ã`�0«®¯ï
珋x=0.109mg/kg,]U'�
Ľ¢�½S
:
μ=珋x μ21+μ22+μ
23+μ槡
24=0.0035mg/kg (15)
I´®ä·
95%,́®³<
k=2,�àøĽ¢�
U=kμ=0.00704mg/kg。â¸?å
,)Ü#äÍ£¤ëo#�
0«VĽ¢�¶Â9ï
(0.109±0.0070)mg/kg。3
^o
à�nRëKL Í¢£¤#�0«Ä½¢�Vìí
wx
,̀jͯLV'�Ľ¢�ï
0.0035mg/kg,|
95%VÄ#�SI´®³<ï
k=2,ÎàøĽ¢ï
0.0070mg/kg。rs�0«Í¯Ä½¢�V
4�rs³E8
þ÷|ï'�}�ÿ¾
、'�×fØ]
、ëoɸð
、ëoP
Qqͯ
。?frsy8V'�}�ÿ¾jy
,ï½Ø'�
×fVÊ¢
,67�fæ�
,kèçÊ�9:ÔÝ
,¢Rª«
Mè
,ÿ¾}���ñµ��V¯:
,ëoô|Ò¯
,ª²µ
�Ľ¢�
,½ØͯLV�½q
。
qr@A
[1]öà
,áâã
,'äå
,*
.Ø�æçè|}HI12WX
[J].m:|
}éE
,2015,24(6):98-100.[2]
��eêëG�ìíîïð�
.m:|}�1ñGè0ëò�6
:
CNAS—GL06[S].�ó
:��éEô?õ
,2006.[3]
��éE>:12ö
.FE1ñGèëG�M÷
:JJF1059—1999[S].�ó
:��éEô?õ
,1999.[4]
��ÄÅÆ�ìíîïð�
.m:|}�1ñGè0ëò�6
[M].�ó
:��éEô?õ
,2002.[5]
øù~
,ø�ú
,'p�
.ûü
MIKE11ýÂ0þÿ¨!Ö"Ø�#é
$
[J].Ø®/H�%R
,2015(3):30-32.[6]
àP&éE>:12ö*
.FE1ñGèëG�M÷
:JJF1059.1—2012[S].
�ó
:���'ô?õ
,2013.[7]
ãf(
.FE1ñGèëG�0)*¹º
[J].��F+~,
,2007,33(5):24-28.
[8]-.
,º»/
,�0
.1bÃgFEK?1ñGè012
[J].��F+
~,
,2007,33(5):82-84.[9]
�ì+,234
.+,J+,5ë 67Õ8I FG9:m:f|F
E1ñGèëG�6
(;
3�|
):<=
:JJF(+,
)4.3—2010[S].�
ó
:���'ô?õ
,2011.[10]
²»>
,̄ùî
,�?
,*
.@A
-¿�éÃIFG++pBÐ�C_
�D01ñGè
[J].+,>~
,2014(8):
檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪
38-41.
(e§¨
82©
)
µÇ�ð�W'�8Vz£5'
。°±êë¼12Vwx
ÄØyø
,�12 |${«&#`¦ª¡åR4ªñ
。
qr@A
[1]�EF
.ÓZ©ÂÃ|}ûG�*+
[M].�ó
:��HS8ô?õ
,
2004:29-39.[2]
IJÚ
,¶qK
,LMN
.ÓOPQ�ÓZ©ÂÃ|}~,012�*
+WX
[J].|}RS
,2006(2):1-10.[3]
IJÚ
,�iT
,LMN
.+üÓZ©ÂÃ|}0m:éE:HI12
�*+WX
[J].|}m:ëU�WX
,2008,36(5):702-709.[4]
IJÚ
,£)V
,LMN
.ÓZ©ÂÃGEW$XY0/ÚJ*+
[J].RmÙÅ
-m:|Z
,2008,44(8):796-800.[5]
ã�
,[\�
,t]
,*
.ÓZ©ÂÃGj|}HI)+,¶8�0*
+
[J].Ö�78>:
,2009,13(6):150-152.[6]
^_-
,�`
,�a
.ÓZ©ÂÃ|}IFG+,m:f|
[J].bP7
8>:
,2005,33(3):62-63.[7]
£ì_
.FTNIRÂÃ|}~,FG+,�<=
、<:Ñ+\
[J].ÂÃ
ÄÅÆ
,2003,20(2):181-185.[8]
tjg
,'cZ
,Xb/
,*
.E+ÓZ©ÂÃIFGu+�dÌ.D
E0e:XY
[J].bP78>:
,2004,32(6):25-27.[9]
¯ùî
,'f
,5-l
.*+ÓZ©ÙF~,ÔÕFG+vghm:f
|
[J].��+,:;
,2006,12(2):8-12.[10]
ijV
,£�k
,lm
,*
.NIRInFo+p+gÕ+¿�0qrÑ
+\
[J].Z©~,
,2014,36(3):249-254.[11]
'�"
,s\
,"Ë_
,*
.FTNIRÔÕFG+vJp++t�uþ\
0DE
[J].56mS
,2008,35(1):43-45.[12]
ú
,�vw
,ãxg
,*
.ûüÓZ©eynF+,z{DE0
GA-SVR
XY
[J].é$|�*+m:
,2014,31(8):969-971.[13]
öZt
,º/
,[\�
,*
.+ÓZ©ÂÃ|}~,)#}F+t0.
E��
[J].ÂÃ:�ÂÃ|}
,2008,28(10):127-128.[14]
öZt
.ûü)#ÓZ©ÂÃ|}~,g~39:+tm:f|0
Ä�ÙF
[D].b�
:bP9:
,2009.[15]
�ì+,.E}�ÙÅ��
.+,J+,5ë +�05�ÑØ|F
G å�I
:YC/T31—1996[S].�ó
:���'ô?õ
,1996.[16]
�ì+,.E}�ÙÅ��
.+,J+,5ë <zz\0FG 67
Õ8
(��_�
)I
:YC/T468—2013[S].�ó
:���'ô?õ
,
2013.[17]
�ì+,.E}�ÙÅ��
.+,J+,5ë Ø�j:0FG 67
Õ8I
:YC/T159—2002[S].�ó
:���'ô?õ
,2002.
7845¥
15¦
)kk4
yz{|GZ[}~����/ZC&ß[ðc[