3 生物学的処理 -...
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27
3.1
(BOD )
()
3.1.1
24
()
SS(Suspended Solid)
(mg/L)
ML(Mixed Liquor)
MLSS(Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid
)(mg/L)MLSS
SS
MLVSS(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid : MLSS
)
MLSS7585 %MLSS
mg/L
SV30(Slidge Volume)1 L ML
30(mL)
SV30(%)= (mL)/1000 mL100
2030%
SVI(Sludge Volume Index)
SVI301g
mL
SVI = SV10000/MLSS
SVI50150300(mg/L)
BOD-3.1.1
MISS 1kg 1
kg-BOD(kg-BOD/kg-MLSS)
BOD- 0.20.4
(kg/kg-MLSS)
BOD-3.1.1
1 m3 1 kg-BOD
(kg-BOD/m3)
BOD- 0.30.8
kg/m3
3.1.1 1)
3.1.2
BOD
1824
2)
3.1.1
3.1.3
3
28
Q=m3/
BODL0(mg/L)
V(m3)
CA(mg/L)
Q=m3/P
CR(mg/L)
q(m3/)
BODLe(mg/L)
S(kg/)
3.1.1
3.1.2
(Zoogloea)
5001000 m
(Carchesium)
100200 m
3.1.1
3.1.3
1) (1984)
2)BOD-
BOD-
BOD
MLSS
(mg/L)
(m3/m3
)
(h)
(%)
BOD
(%)
(BOD-kg/m3)
(BOD-kg/kg-SS)
0.3-0.8 0.2-0.4 1,500-2,000 3-7 6-8 20-30 95
0.15-0.25 0.03-0.05 3,000-5,000 15 18-24 50-150 75-90
0.4-1.4 0.2-0.4 2,000-3,000 3-7 4-6 20-30 95
0.8-1.4 0.2-0.4 2,000-8,000 12 5 50-100 90
0.1-0.2 0.03-0.05 3,000-4,000 24-48 95
3.1.1
29
3.2 (MBR)
MF
(MBR: membrane bioreactor)
MBRMF
3.2.1
MF
3.2.2 MF 0.2m0.4m
(MLSS)MLSS 2,000
8,000mg/ MBR MLSS 8,00015,000mg/
BOD-
3.2.3 MF
3.2.4
ABS
0.4m 2 1
(0.491.0m0.8m2)
3.2.5
0.10.5m MF
MLSS 315,000mg
1/3
3.2.1
MF 5mg/L
3
http://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/osuiss/kiso/0028.htmhttp://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/osuiss/kiso/0028.htm
30
M
(Membrane bioreactor)
P
P
MF(0.20.5m)
No.1
No.2
3.2.1
801000 1mm100m
10m1m100101
3.2.2 MF
MF
P
P
P
MF
MF
3.2.3 MF
MF(0.4m)
(PE)
0.491.0m(0.8m2/1
3.2.4
P
P
P
MF
3.2.5
3.2.1
BOD5mg/ 300 15
CODmg/ 200 20
T-N mg/ 20 5
T-Pmg/ 7 1
SSmg/ 200 5
31
3.3
BOD
3.3.1
BOD
BODBOD 200 mg/L
3.3.2
0.5 m32
1 m3
3 m 4 m
4 m2 m2
(W)(H) W:H
=1:13
3.3.3
10 cm
3.3.4
40 %
3.3.5
5 mm
1.02
BOD 10
5070 %
BOD
3
32
M
3.3.1
3 m
4 m
3 m
2 m 2 m
3m4m
3m2m
3.3.2
2 m
2.5 m
0.7m45
3.3.3
MM
3.3.4
3.3.5
33
33.4
BOD
3.4.13.4.21
24
3.4.1818
3.4.2
12
(1)
V=(Q/T-KQ/24)T(1)
V:(m3) T:(h)
Q:(m3/)
K:1/241.5
1.5
1m3 0.51.0 m3/m3h
3.0 m100 m3
100 m3/h (1.7m3/) 3,000 mmAq
1
3.4.3 2 (P1
P2)
(3.4.42(P1P2)
3(P3)
(1
)
3.4.5
3.4.1
3
34
(
0 16 24
(m
3/h)
0
10
20
30
3.4.1
(m
3/h)
0 16 24
(
0
1
2
3
3.4.2
P1 P22
3.4.3
P1 P2
3
P3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.1
(V)
35
3.5 BOD COD
BOD ()
BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
mg/L
3.5.1
BOD 5 BOD 5
3
5
BOD5
BOD 5
3.5.2 BOD-
TODTheoretical Oxygen Demand
CCO2HOH2ONNH3
510
25
10
4
10
3.5.1TOD,COD,BOD
COD
BOD
BOD 5
BOD
356km
5
BOD 5
CODBOD
BOD
BOD
COD
BOD
COD ()
COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)
(mg/L)COD CODMn
CODCr
CODMnCODCr3.5.3
COD
(KMnO4)(1)
CODMn
2KMnO4+3H2SO4 K2SO4+2MnSO4+3H2O+5[O](1)
CODMn
CODMn
3.5.4 CODCr
COD
(KCr2O7 -
COD)
1) .Vol.2, No.11, pp.20-33,
(1965)
2) .Vol.12, No.2, pp.10-12, (1970)
3
36
5(DO2)
205
DO1-DO2=3.56.2mg/LDO1-DO2/DO1100=4070%
(DO1)
3.5.1 BOD 5
050
BOD/TOD (%)
100
0
5 10
3.5.2 BOD- 1)
Mn COD
CODMn=(a-b)f1,000/V0.2
a:(mL) b:(mL)
f:
V:(mL)
0.005M KMnO4
Cr COD
0.005M KMnO410mL30
0.0125M10 mL
0.005M KMnO4
1/240mol/L(KCr2O7)2
Cr2O725 mol/L()
CODCr=(a-b)f1,000/V0.2
a:25 mol/L()(mL)
b:25 mol/L()(mL) V:(mL)
f: 25 mol/L()
3.5.3 CODMnCODCr
(%)
0
50
100
75
25
CODCr
CODMnBOD5
3.5.4 2)
78.755.943.931.255.8L-
30.093.68.025.026.7
11.277.14.027.635.8
43.323.523.112.553.3
5.418.40.943.217.4
67.024.779.829.4119.1
39.779.313.627.234.3
43.212.242.512.098.4
42.86.625.43.959.3
49.745.327.925.456.1
71.311.638.06.253.3
11.823.66.312.653.3
19.877.512.850.064.5
64.010.566.811.0104.3
68.310.151.27.675.0
BOD/TODCOD/TODBODCOD
(%)
TOD
3.5.1 TOD,COD,BOD
37
3.6
BOD
3.6.1
1
(MLSS) 1kgBOD
(BOD-kg/MLSS-kg) =
L0(kg/m3)Q(m3/)/CA(kg/m
3)V(m3)(1)
(1)(2)
V(m3)
V(m3) = L0(kg/m3)Q(m3/)1/CA(kg/m
3)
1/(BOD-kg/MLSS-kg) (2)
: 1m3 1
BOD
(BOD-kg/m3)=
L0(kg/m3)Q(m3/)/V(m3) (3)
(3)(4)
V(m3)
V(m3) = L0(kg/m3)Q(m3/)1/(BOD-kg/m3)
(4)
L0:BOD(kg/m3)
Q:1(m3/)
CAMLSS(kg/m3)
V:(m3)
(BOD-kg/m3)=
(BOD-kg/MLSS-kg)MLSS(kg/m3)
(5)
(2)(4)
(2) CA[
MLSS(kg/m3)]
(4) CA
CA (MLSS)
MLSS
MLSS
(4)
3.6.4
(MLSS) 10
BOD 10
1
BOD
MLSS
3.6.2
3
107
3.6.3
BOD
BOD
MLSS
3
38
MLSS
MLSSBOD
1MLSS 1kgBOD
BOD-kg/MLSS-kg
1m31BOD
BOD-kg/m3
MLSS
3.6.1
MLSS:10kg/m3
BODMLSS
BOD(4 kg/
3.6.2 BOD MLSS
MLSS:4kg/m3
BODMLSS
BOD(4 kg/
3.6.3 BOD MLSS
BOD
BOD(4 kg/
MLSS
3.6.4
BOD250 mg/L1200 m3
BOD0.4 kg/kgMLSS3,000 mg/L
BOD
(m3)
= 250(g/m3)1/1,000200(m3)
1/0.4(kg/kg)1/3(kg/m3)
= 41.7 (m3)
BOD
BOD(kg/m3)
= 250(g/m3)1/1,000200(m3)1/41.7(m3)
= 1.2(kg/m3)
BOD 200 mg/L 1500 m3200
m3
BOD
BOD(kg/m3)
= 200 (g/m3)500 (m3)1/200 (m3)
= 500 (g/m3)
= 0.5 (kg/m3)
39
3.7
3.7.1
(NH4Cl)
[(NH4)2SO4]NH4+NaOH
pH 11(1) NH4+ NH3
3.7.1
NH4+ + OH - NH3+ H2O (1)
N2
4NH3 + 3O2 - 2N2 + 6H2O (2)
3.7.2
Cl2/NH4-N = 9
1020
(1) (NH4+) NO2
(NO3-)
NH4+ + 1/2O2 NO2 + H2O + 2H
+ (3)
NO2 + 1/2O2 NO3- (4)
BOB
3.7.3 BOD
BOD30 mg/LBOD
BOD 30 mg/L
BOD 10 mg/L
90 % (NO3-)
(2) NO3-
(N2)
NO2NO3
(5)
5CH3OH + 6NO3- + 6H+ 5CO2 + 3N2 + 13H2O(5)
(5)(N)
5CH3OH/6N = 160/84 = 1.90
2
(NO3)
mg/L
(NO3)
7 % (NaCl)
(NO3)
NO3
R-SO3Na + NO3- R-SO3NO3 + Na
+ (6)
R-SO3NO3 + NaCl
R-SO3Na + NO3- + Cl
-(7)
3.7.4
pH10 80% NH3
1
1020mg/g 7%
(NaCl)
3
40
13
100
5 7
pH
11
75
0
25
50
(%)
9
NH3NH4
+
NH4+ + OH-NH3+ H2O
3.7.1 pH
NH 4-N
(mg/L)
82
0
0 4 6
5
10
15
20
25
10
Cl:NH4-N
NH4-N
10
0
20
30
40
50
(mg/L)
3.7.2
80
100
0 20
BOD (mg/L)
60
75
0
25
50
(%)
40
NH4+ + 1/2O2 NO2 + H2O + 2H
+
NO2 + 1/2O2 NO3-
3.7.3 BOD
A
0.42nm
0.70nm 0.75nm 0.46nm
X
0.74nm
3.7.4
3.7.1
H 11 NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
(NO3-N)
NH3NO3
41
3.8
1%
C60H87O29N12P
PO43HPO4
2-H2PO4-
3.8.1
1965 G.V.LevinJ.Shapino
3.8.2
COD
CODCr
100mg/L20mg/L
6mg/L20mg/L
20mg/L1mg/L
3.8.3
1.53.0
3.05.0
T-P
36mg/L1mg/L
(PO4-P)
3.8.4 Al3+Fe3+
PO4-PpHFe3+45Al3+
6
3.8.5
10Ca2+ + 2OH- + 6PO43- Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 (1)
3.8.6
pH
3
42
PO
4-P
(mg/
L)
(h)0 2 3 4 5
0
1
2
1
3
4
5
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
3.8.1
(h)
0 1 3
15
0
25
10
2
5
PO4-P (mg/L)
4
20
25
0
50
75
100
125
CODCr(mg/L)
CODCr
PO4-P
3.8.2 COD
No.1
No.2
No.1
No.2
MMM
(h) 1.5-3.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-4.0
BOD (mg/L) 100-120 20-30 10 10 10
:T-P (mg/L) 3-6 10-20 10-20 - -
: S-P (mg/L) 10-20 1 1 1
3.8.3
0.01
PO 4-P (mg/L)
100
1.0
10
0.1
0 2 6 12pH
4 8 10
Fe3+
Al3+
(P)12mg/LPO4 = 2:1
3.8.4 Al3+Fe3+
10Ca + 6PO4 + 2OH Ca10 (OH)2(PO4)6
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
3.8.5
pHM
3.8.6