The University of Queensland Heron Island Research Station Water Management System

Manajemen Resiko di Laboratorium(Lab. Risk assessment)

1Manajemen ResikoMetode logis dan sistematik untuk: mengidentifikasi menganalisa menentukan suatu perlakuan memonitor dan menghubungkan resiko yang terkait dengan suatu aktivitas, fungsi atau proses sedemikian rupa sehingga meminimalkan kerugian dan mengoptimalkan peluang penanggung jawab suatu aktivitas2 Environmental Risk AssessmentLessons from Major Accidents3Explosions - Flixborough

Flixborough, UK 1974Cyclohexane vapour explosion4Flixborough, UK 1974Lessons from the IncidentInventory of Hazardous Materialslarge volumes stored on site(1.5 million litres cyclohexane plus 450,000 litres of other highly flammables)Siting of Major Hazardshigher casualties avoided due to relative isolationManagement Aspectssafety versus productionhazard analysis of modificationsmanagement safety system essentialplanning for emergencies5UCIL, Bhopal, INDIA, 1984Lessons from the IncidentStorage of hazardous intermediates?is it necessary?Non-adherence to recommended plant proceduresInoperative safety systemsvent gas scrubberflare stackwater curtainrefrigeration systemspare storage tankMultinational safety standardscommon standards worldwideadequate trainingLocal Government actionslocal community awarenesssuitably planned buffer zonesSabotage of operations6Tahap Pelaksanaan Analisa Resiko (Risk assessment) Pemahaman konteks eksperimen (kondisi, situasi)Identifikasi hazards (sumber bahaya)Analisis resiko yang mungkin terjadi akibat adanya hazardsEvaluasi resikoTentukan perlakuan terhadap resikoKaji ulang dan monitor resikoRisk = hazards x exposure7Risk Equation Risk = Vulnerability x Threat x Impact *Probability

Vulnerability = An error or a weakness in the design, implementation, or operation of a system.Threat = An adversary that is motivated to exploit a system vulnerability and is capable of doing soImpact = the likelihood that a vulnerability will be exploited or that a threat may become harmful.*Probability = likelihood already factored into impact.8Effect and Vulnerability ModelsPhysical Effectsfrom Physical PhenomenaCalculated Damage toResourceEFFECTMODELSVULNERABILITYMODELSENVIRONMENT9

Major effects Vulnerability ModelsTahap 1: Pemahaman Situasi & Kondisi EksperimenPemahaman tentang proses atau eksperimen yang akan dilakukan: apa, mengapa & bagaimanaTahap 2: Identifikasi hazardsIdentifikasi semua hal yang potensial menimbulkan bahaya dalam suatu proses/eksperimen (bahan kimia korosif, permukaan panas, bising, uap, radiasi dll.)

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Environmental Risk AssessmentIdentifying Hazards and Operational Problems12Dimensions of the Problemtime (project development)management/operation (control, production)technology (process choices)13Approaches to Hazard IdentificationComparative methods Compare specific case to a referenceChecklistsStandardsCodes of practiceIndiciesFundamental methods In-depth systematic analysisHazard & Operability Studies (HAZOP)Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)Action Error Analysis (AEA)Concept Hazard Analysis (CHA)14Tahap 3: Analisis ResikoMeliputi penentuan: Konsekuensi (consequence) akibat suatu kecelakaan Paparan (exposure) interaksi dengan hazards Probabilitas kemungkinan konsekuensi terjadi ketika peneliti terkena (terpapar) bahaya

Gunakan nomogram untuk menganalisa resiko15FMEA Criticality Analysismajor loss, permanent injury, death Catastrophicdamage to equipment, major economic loss, serious non-permanent injury Criticalconsiderable non-permanent environmental damage, minor non-permanent injury Significantno/minor economic lossno equipment damage, personnel injury LowMeaning Severity Severity Assessment16FMEA Criticality AnalysisProbabilityMore than once per yearFrequentBetween once in a year and once in 10 yearsLikelyBetween once in 10 to once in 100 yearsRareLess than once per 100 yearsVery rareMeaningProbability 17FMEA and ISO 31000FMEA has now been fully incorporated in ISO31000:2009 Risk Management: Principles and Guidelines as Likelihood vs. Consequences

LikelihoodDescriptionRare Once every 1000 yearsUnlikely Once every 100 yearsPossible Once every 10 yearsLikely Once a yearAlmost Certain 10 times per year

Consider the meaning of likelihood as new plants are designed for 30-50 years operation. What does the likelihood description mean? Will it happen?18Nomogram untuk menentukan Nilai Resiko

Probabilitassangat mungkinmungkin dibayangkan mungkin terjaditidak mungkin agak mungkinSgt jarangPaparanjarang mungkinagak jarangkatastropekadang2kontinyuseringbencanasgt seriusseriussubstansial minor sangat tinggi tinggi substansial sedang rendahKonsekuensiSkor19Risk Matrix

20Tahap 4: Evaluasi ResikoPenentuan tingkat resiko (risk score)Gunakan nomogram untuk mengevaluasi resikoTahap 5: Penentuan perlakuan terhadap resikoPerlakuan dengan skala prioritas: meniadakan sumber bahaya, mengganti bahan, alat atau proses, merancang alat/proses yang aman, menggunakan alat keamanan individu21Tahap 6: Kaji-ulang dan monitor resikoEvaluasi terhadap tindakan yang telah dilakukan untuk meminimalkan resiko pada suatu proses eksperimen22Nomogram untuk menentukan Nilai Resiko

Probabilitassangat mungkinmungkin dibayangkan mungkin terjaditidak mungkin agak mungkinSgt jarangPaparanjarang mungkinagak jarangkatastropekadang2kontinyuseringbencanasgt seriusseriussubstansial minor sangat tinggi tinggi substansial sedang rendahKonsekuensiSkor23Contoh Risk Assessment Proses: sintesis secara hidrotermal HazardResikoAnalisis ResikoEvaluasiTindak-anKon-sekuensiPaparanPro-babi-litasTing-kat ResikoPermukaan panas (hot pla-te,autoclave)Luka bakarminorjarang

Tidak sering tetapi mungkin terjadirendahTindakan First aid Hindari menyen-tuhAliran listrik (hot plate, oven)Tersengat arus (electro-cution)minorjarang

Tidak sering tetapi mungkin terjadirendahIdemKerja dengan hati-hati24ProbabilitasAlmost certainThe most likely and expected result if the hazard-event takes placeQuite possibleQuite possible, would not be unusual, even 50/50 chanceUnusual but possibleUnusual but possible sequence or coincidenceRemotely possibleRemotely possible coincidenceConceivable but unlikelyHas never happened after many years of exposure, but is conceivably possiblePractically impossiblePractically impossible, has never happened before25PaparanVery rareNot known to have occurredRareOccurs rarely, but has been known to occurInfrequentOccurs between once per month and once per yearFrequentOccurs approximately once per dayContinuousOccurs many times per day26KonsekuensiKategoriCedera manusiaKerugian keuanganKerjaLingkunganCatastropheNumerous fatalitiesExtensive (> $5M)Major disruption to operationsExtensive damageDisasterMultiple fatalitiesSignificant ($1-5M)Major disruption to operationsMajor damageVery seriousFatalitySignificant ($500,000-1M)Significant disruptionSignificant damageSeriousPermanent disability, amputationSubstantial ($50,000-$500,000)Notable disruptionSerious damageSubstantialDisabling injury requires medical treatmentNotable ($5000-$50,000)Slight production disruptionMinor damageMinorFirst aid treatment-minor cuts, bruises or bumpsNegligible (50% mortality20020Severe structural damage, cement block buildings flattened.Lung and eardrum damage5005.5Glass fragments fly with force, roof tiles removed, 90% window breakage.Penetrating missiles, eardrum damage10002.5Minor structural damage.Flying glass (cuts, abrasions)20001.5Glass breakage threshold.Flying glass (cuts, abrasions)TNT Model Petal Diagram

20KPa200m70KPa90mAll 19 people incontrol room died.8 persons working in surrounding area died. 7KPa400m,

Before and after the explosionTugas Buatlah analisis resiko untuk suatu proses/eksperimen yang akan anda lakukan di laboratorium sesuai dengan rencana Tugas Akhir anda.Tugas dikumpulkan hari Senin, 27 April 2015 di TU Departemen Kimia.34