DAFTAR ISI

HalamanJudul

.....................................................................................................................................

i

Kata Pengantar

.....................................................................................................................................

ii

Daftar Isi

.....................................................................................................................................

iii

Daftar Gambar

.....................................................................................................................................

v

Daftar Tabel

.....................................................................................................................................

vi

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang

.........................................................................................................................

1

B. Rumusan Masalah

.........................................................................................................................

3

C. Tujuan

.........................................................................................................................

3

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

iii

A. Mikroorganisme Rongga Mulut

4

B. Definisi

5

C. Mekanisme Kerja Antibiotik

6

D. Aktivitas dan Spektrum Antibiotik

1. Berdasarkan Toksisitas Selektif

...................................................................................................................

9

2. Berdasarkan Spektrum Kerja

...................................................................................................................

9

E. Klasifikasi Antibiotik

1. Antibiotik β-laktam

...................................................................................................................

10

2. Antibiotik Makrolida

...................................................................................................................

14

3. Antibiotik Linkomisin

...................................................................................................................

14

4. Antibiotik Aminoglikosida

...................................................................................................................

15

5. Antibiotik Kuinolon

...................................................................................................................

16

iv

6. Antibiotik Metronidazole

...................................................................................................................

16

F. Penggunaan Antibiotik di Bidang Kedokteran Gigi

1. Antibiotik Profilaksis

17

2. Antibiotik Kuratif

18

3. Kegawatdaruratan dalam Kedokteran Gigi

22

G. Resistensi Terhadap Antibiotik

22

H. Efek Samping Penggunaan Antibiotik

1. Reaksi Alergi

24

2. Reaksi Toksis

25

3. Perubahan Biologik dan Metabolik

25

I. Perhatian dalam Penggunaan Antibiotik

1. Kehamilan

26

2. Kegagalan Fungsi Ginjal

26

3. Kegagalan Fungsi Hati

26

BAB 3 PENUTUP

A. Kesimpulan

28

v

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

DAFTAR GAMBAR

HalamanGambar 2.1 Streptococcus mutans

.....................................................................................................................................

4

Gambar 2.2 Porphyromonas gingivalis

.....................................................................................................................................

5

Gambar 2.3 Struktur dinding sel bakteri

.....................................................................................................................................

7

vi

Gambar 2.4 Struktur cincin antibiotik β-laktam

.....................................................................................................................................

11

Gambar 2.5 Struktur kimia penicillin

.....................................................................................................................................

12

Gambar 2.6 Perbedaan struktur penisilin dan sefalosporin

................................................................................................................

13

Gambar 2.7 Eritromisin yang dijual di pasaran

14

Gambar 2.8 Antibiotik linkomisin untung penggunaan parenteral

15

Gambar 2.9 Sediaan eritromisin

15

vii

DAFTAR TABEL

HalamanTabel 2.1 Dosis profilaksis antibiotik pada endokarditis pada prosedur oral

.....................................................................................................................................

18

Tabel 2.2 Indikasi penggunaan antibiotik di kedokteran gigi

.....................................................................................................................................

19

Tabel 2.3 Dosis antibiotik yang umum digunakan untuk kasus peradangan

odontogenik pada pasien dewasa

.....................................................................................................................

21

viii