3. tehnologii in camp magnetic intens
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3. TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP MAGNETIC INTENS. piesa de prelucrat. CI. E. bobina de magneto-formare. SA. AE. 1/28. Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica. 3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE. OBIECTIV : deformari mecanice cu energie si viteza mare. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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3. TEHNOLOGII IN CAMP MAGNETIC INTENS
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 1/28
3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
OBIECTIV : deformari mecanice cu energie si viteza mare
SA
CI
AE
Epiesa de
prelucrat
bobina demagneto-formare
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3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 2/28
Principii
F
B
F
B
I I
F
BB
F
I I
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 3/28
B2 B2
F F
N1
I1
J2
l 1
l 2F = ∫fmdV,
fm = J x B + ∂D/∂t
3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
Principii
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 4/28
3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
Circuitul de descarcare
CU0
L1 R1
L2
R2
U0 = Ri + Ldi/dt + 1/C·∫i·dt
i(t) = U0/(ωL)·e-δt·sin(ωt)
ω = (ω02 – δ2)1/2
ω0 = (LC)-1/2, δ = R/(2L)
Imax = U0/(ωL)·(1 + α2)-1/2· e-α·arctgα
tmax = (1/ω)·arctg(α), α = δ/ω
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 5/28
3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
Procesul de magnetoformare
ecuatia de bilant energetic
Rp∫i2(t)dt = ∫mp·cp·dθ
θf ≈ θi + ρp·AI/(cp·γp)
AI = C·U02/(2·R·Ap)
Δt = 10-6 s → Jp = 104 A/mm2, Bp = 80 T (200…1000 T)
p = [(Bp0)2 – (Bp)2]/(2·μ0)
f0 = (15…25) kHz, C = (60…6500) μF, U0 = (6…20) kV, W = 60…180 kJ, cos(φ) = 0,1…0,6 η = (10…40)%
C = 1/(4π2·f02·L), U0 = (2W/C)1/2
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 6/28
3.1. TEHNOLOGII DE MAGNETOFORMARE
Aplicatii
Material
Tipul prelucrarii
Compresiune ExpandareDiametrul exterior
[mm]
Grosimea peretelui
[mm]
Diametrul interior
[mm]
Grosimea peretelui
[mm]
Aluminiu 10…200 7 30…150 4
Cupru 15…200 3,5 30…150 3
Alama 15…200 2,5 30…150 1,5
Otel 20…150 1 30…150 1
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 7/28
3.2. TEHNOLOGII DE SEPARARE MAGNETICA
Principii
Separarea magnetica = actiunea diferita asupra componentelor unui amestec granular a fortelor magnetice la concurenta cu forte de alta natura
Forta Lorentz : fL = J X B
Forta magnetostatica : fM = μ0MH = μ0χmHH
FM = 0
H = 0
FM
H ≠ 0
FM
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 8/28
3.2. TEHNOLOGII DE SEPARARE MAGNETICA
Procese de separare
A. Actiunea directa a fortelor magnetice asupra componentelor amestecului granular
materiale magnetizabile (χm)
materiale conductoare (σ)
B. Actiunea fortelor magnetice asupra componentelor amestecului granular prin intermediul mediului
materiale nemagnetice in mediu magnetizabil (ρ)
materiale neconductoare in mediu conductor (ρ)
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 9/28
3.2. TEHNOLOGII DE SEPARARE MAGNETICA
3.2.1. Separatoare magnetice de ordinul I
fM = μ0 χm HH → FM = μ0 χm V HH
FM = μ0 χ’m mHH
χ’m = χm/ρ
N
S
Material
feromagnetic
material diamagnetic
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 10/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
ALIMENTAREAMESTEC
FRACTIEMAGNETICA
FRACTIENEMAGNETICA
MIXT
INTER-ACTIUNEAFORTELOR
COMPETITIVEFO
RTA
MA
GN
ETIC
A
GR
AV
ITA
TIE
INE
RTI
EFR
EC
AR
E
FORTE DEINTERACTIUNE
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 11/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Clasificare
Criteriul 1: valoarea intensitatii campului magnetic
camp magnetic redus (H < 0.8·106 A/m)
camp magnetic intens (H > 0.8·106 A/m) → HGMS
Criteriul 2: tipul mediului de lucru
mediu uscat
mediu umed
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 12/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu camp magnetic redus
FM > FG + FI + FF + FD
H
xr
r = raza de actiune
Hm = intensitate efectiva
Hm
suprafataactiva (Sa)
Volumul activ = Sa·r
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 13/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu camp magnetic redus
FRACTIANEMAGNETICA
ALIMENTARE
FRACTIAMAGNETICA
N
S
NN
N
SS
S
R
d ≥ 0.1 mm
R = 250 mm
vp = 1…10 m/s
H = 4·104 A/m
H = 4·106 A/m2
FM = 0.8·10-5 N
FG = 0.02·10-5 N
FC = 0.06·10-5 N
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 14/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
NM2
M NMM1
M2 M1/NM
NM1 M1 NM1
NM1/M
Flux tehnologic cuseparatoare magnetice
cu cilindru
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 15/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
ALIMENTARE
FRACTIANEMAGNETICA
FRACTIAMAGNETICA
d ≥ 0.1 mm
vp = 2 m/s
vf = 0.5 m/s
H = 4·104 A/m
H = 4·106 A/m2
FM = 0.8·10-5 N
FG = 0.02·10-5 N
FD = 0.7·10-5 N
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 16/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu banda
FRACTIA MAGNETICA
BA
FRACTIA NEMAGNETICA
ALIMENTARE
v = 0.5 m/s
δ = 10 mm
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 17/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatorul izodinamic Frantz
θ
FM
FG
FM = μ0 χ’m m H dH/dx
FG = m g sin(θ)
a = (FM – FG)/m =
= μ0 χ’m H dH/dx – g sin(θ)
H = 0.8·106 A/mdH/dx = 1.6·107 A/m2
d = 10 μmFM = 16·10-12 Nmg = 2.6·10-10 Nθ = 3°
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 18/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu camp magnetic intens
Clasificare:
Separatoare cu camp intens conventionale
- separatoare cu rotor indus
- separatoare tip Jones
- ferofiltrul Frantz
Separatoare cu camp intens si gradient ridicat (HGMS)
- cu electromagneti clasici si matrice feromagnetica
- cu bobine supraconductoare
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 19/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu camp intens conventionale
FC
FG
FM
FM = μ0 χ’m mHH
FC = mΩ2R
FG = mg
Conditia de desprindere:
FC + FGn - FM = 0
B = (0.5…2) TR = (75…150) mmL = (200…800) mmD = (1…6)t/h
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 20/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
H = 1.6·106 A/m
dH/dx = 1.6·109 A/m2
δ = (0.25…1.25) mm
H
δ
Separatoare cu camp intens conventionale
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 21/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Carusel
B = (0.5…2) T
D = (10…180) t/h
We = (0.5…2) kWh/t
S
S
S
S
N
N N
N
Alimetare
Clatire
Spalare
Separatoare cu camp intens conventionale
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 22/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu gradient ridicat de camp (HGMS)
Matrice feromagnetica filamentara
- H = 1010 A/m2
Miez feromagnetic tip “oala”
θ [x106 Asp]
H[x106 A/m2]
10.5
0.5
1.5
1
jug
oala
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 23/28
3.2.1. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL I
Separatoare cu gradient ridicat de camp (HGMS)
AlimentareMiez feromagnetic
Bobina
Matrice filamentara
B = (0.5…2) T
d = (5…10) μm
v = (0.01…1) m/min
D = (2…100) t/h
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 24/28
3.2.2. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL II
materiale conductoare (σ) - actiunea directa a fortelor magnetice asupra componentelor amestecului granular
materiale nemagnetice si neconductoare (ρ) - actiunea fortelor magnetice asupra mediului in care amestecul granular este imersat
metoda magnetohidrodinamica (MHD) metoda magnetohidrostatica (MHS)
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Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Inginerie Electrica 25/28
3.2.2. SEPARATOARE MAGNETICE DE ORDINUL II
Separatoare cu curenti indusi
Forta Lorentz : fL = J X B
N
N
NN
S
SS
S
Fractie feromagnetica
Fractie neconductoare
Fractie neferoasa