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nyB JIH U H C T H K A J1 E 0 HA K P y ^K O B C K O rO B B O PbB E C OAIIIH3MOM B nO JIbU lE 30-X IDÆOB

0^,hh H3 Be^ymHx riMcaTejiefi HapoflHo-fleMOKpaTHMecKOH riojibiuH, KpynHbiH oómecTBeHHbifi Aeirrejib h aKTHBHbiñ Sopen 3a MHp, JleoH Kpyn- kobckhh H3BecTeH KaK nosT , ÆpaMaTypr, nyó^HUHCT h p o M a H H C T . 3apy- 6e>KHOMy MHTaTeJiio KpyHKOBCKiiñ CTaji H3BecTeH eine äo BTopoñ mhpoboh BOHHbi cbohmh poMaH3MH «KopAHaH h XaM» h «FlaBJiHHbH nepbH» («Pawie pióra»). B nocJieBoeHHbie roflbi 3aBoeBajia npH3H3HHe 3apy6e>KHoro 3pHTejia ero 3aMeMaTejibHan nbeca «HeMiibi» («N iem cy»), nocraBJieHHaH Ha cneHe TeaTpaMH repMaHCKoii ÆeMOKpaTHMecKOH PecnyßjiHKH, Hexoc^oBaKHH, HopBerHH, OpaHUHH, $rioHHn h ap . Be^yman KHHocryAHH TepMaHCKOH JJ.eMOKpaTH'iecKOH PecnyÔJiHKH «,fl,E<DA» 3KpaHH3HpoBajia ribecy no# Ha3Ba- HHeM «npo(})eccop 3oHHeHÔpyK». B 1954 r . Bbiimia M3 nenara ero nbeca «IOjihh h STejib» («Juliusz i E th e h ) , nocBHineHHan Ka3HeHHbiM cynpyraM Po3eHÔepr.

Cß H 3b C >KH3HbK>, C ÖOpbÖOH TpyAHLU,HXCH MaCC IIo.JIbIIIH npOTHB c})amH3Ma onpeAeJiHJia H ^e ñ H yio CHJiy h peajiHCTHwecKyio HanpaBJieHHOCTb TBopnecTBa nH caTejin b ^.OBoeHHbie roAbi; 6o p b 6 a 3a nocTpoeHHe co u n a jiH 3Ma B HOBOH n o jlb in e npOTHB npOHCKOB BH yTpeHHeH H BHeniHeH peaKUH H, 3a MHp h n p o rp e c c bo B c e M MHpe cra jia ueHTpajibHOH TeMOH e ro n p o ii3BefleHHH b nocjieBoeHHbie roß u .

«Kpy^KOBCKHH, KaK h .n p y rn e nHcaTejm JieBoro JiarepH b nepHO£ «ÄBaÄüaTHJieTHif»1 — nepHO£ Bceo6in,ero BbipoíKAeHHfl h yna^K a 6yp>Kya3- HOH ^H TepaTypbi, — paccMaTpHBaJi CBoe TBopnecTBO KaK nojiHTHMecKyio ÂeflTejibHOCTb, KaK apeH y 6opb6bi 3a n p o rp e c c h ocBoôoJK^eHHe MejioBeKa Tpyjia» , — nnineT nojibCKHH k ph th k 3 . BacHJieBCKHH3.

TaK H a 3 b iB a e M b iH «AOBoeHHbiH» nepnoA b T B o p ^ e c T B e Kpy^KOBCKoro c b i r p a ^ 3 H a M H T e j i b H y ï o poJib . y > K e T o r ^ a o^opMHJiHCb HAeÜHbie h xyno>Ke- C T B e H H b ie B 3 r j i H ^ b i n n c a T e j i H KaK n n c a T e j i f l nporpeccH B H oro J ia re p n . / X o B o e H H o e T B o p n e c T B o K p y ^ K O B C K o r o H 3 y q e H o H e p a B H O M e p H o . B ojib inan H a c T b C T a T e ñ , 3 3 M e T O K , H c c J i e ^ o B a H H H n o c B H in ,e H a e ro poMaHaM. E ro f le a -

1 r ie p H O A — c 1918 no 1939 rofl, — n p H M e n a H H e aBTopa ÆaHHoft CTaTbH.2 Z b. W a s i l e w s k i , Leon Kruczkowski, « N o w a K ultura », B a p iu a sa — 1952.

N° 47, 52.

136

TejibHocTb KaK nyóJiHUHcra b 3TOT nepnoA nouTH He o c B e m e H a b KpHTH^ecKOH .FiHTepaType.

n y Ö J iH U H C T H K a y K a 3 a H H o r o n e p a o ^ a 3 3 H H M a e T B a> KH oe M e cT o b T B o p -

q e cT B e n H c a T e j iH . j j j i h H ee x a p a K T e p H b i a^ennan n / iy Ö H H a , u e ^ e H a -

n p a B j ie H H O C T b , a K T y a j ib H O C T b n p o ó J ie M a T H K H . K p y r B o n p o c o B , 3 a T p o H y T b ix

nHcaTejieM, uiHpoK. E ro n p H 3 H B b i ö o p o T b c s i 33 CBoöoAy, a ^ m o K p aranecKHe n p 3 B a , 33 MHp b o B c e M MHpe, 33 n p o u B e T a H H e C T p a H b i h Beerò M e jio B e n e c T B a

n p o T H B peaKU,HH h H e yrpaTHJiH C B o e ñ c h j i h h b HauiH a h h .

B 3 0 -e ro^bi K p y h k o b c k h h q a c T o B b i c T y n a e T H a c o ó p a H H H x nepeA pa6o- HHMH H H H T e J U I H r e H I I H e H C A O K J ia f l3 M H H a 06lU,eCTBeHH0 -n0JIHTHHeCKHe 'r e M b i;

n o M e m a e T H a C T p a H H u a x ra3eT h ì K y p H a j i o B c r a T b H H a 3Jio6y a h h . TaK, b 1935 rofly no npocböe TjisBHoro OpaBJieHHH «ToBapHiiiecTBa paßo^ero yHHBepcHTeTa» b Bapm aße b 3ajie «ATeHeyM» hm 6mji npoMHTaH AOKJiaA H a T e M y « ^ l e j i o B e K h n o B c e A H e B H a a > K H 3 H b » (Czlowiek i powszednioéd) -

B 1936 r o A y a o k jisa 6bui h 3 A 3 h o T A e j i b H o f t öpoinropoö. BTopoe e r o H 3 A a H H e

n o H B H J i o c b b 1946 r o A y b H a p o A H o ñ n o j i u n e . B n p e A H C J io B H H K p y w o B -

C K H H rracaji, w o ero a o k jisa h b j i n e T C H n o n b i T K o f i «noJieMHnecKH r i o c T 3 B H T b

B O n p O C O C O B p e M e H H O M 0 6 p a 3 e J K H 3 H H b C B e T e C C j )O p M y jIH p O B 3 H H b IX A 6M O -

Kp3THnecKHM JiarepeM b n e p n o A H a p a c r a H H H (J ia n iH C T C K O H p e a K U H H o c h o b h h x

3 a a a H c o m i a J i H C T H H e c K o r o r y M 3 H H 3 M a » 2 .

Ü H c a T e J ib y A e jiH e T B H H M 3 H H e B o n p o c a M c e M b H , n o J io > K e H H H > K e H iu ,H H b i

b K a n H T a J iH C T H M e c K O M o ó m e c T B e , M o p a j ib H b i M n p o Ò J ie M a M .

B on p oc 06 o c B o 6 o * A e H H H jKeHmHHbi, 06 y p a B H e H H H ee b ripaBax c M y jK H H H O H , H e o A H O K p a T H O n o A H H M a e M b iñ n o Jib C K H M H r y M a H H C T a M H n p o m -

J i o r o , He y T p a T H J i C B o e fi a K T y a j ib H O C T H h b n e p H O A r o c n o A C T B a 4 )a u iH C TC K O H

A H K T a T y p b i . B 30 -e to a h , b r o A b i H e c iib ix a H H O H n o cbohm p a 3 M e p a M 6 e 3 -

paöoTHUH, nojibCKHe 6 y p * :y a 3 H b ie K p y n i , . n p o n s r a H A H p y n «A o ö p o B O J ib H o e »

OCBOÔOJKAe H U e )K e H lU ,H H b I O T y q a C T H H B n p O H 3 B O A C T B e , K O TO p O e HKOÒbln o A p b iB a e T e e 3 A o p o B b e , CTpeMHTCH H CK ycTB eH H O c o n p a r a r b M H o ro T b icH U H b ie apM H H 6 e 3 p a 6 o T H b ix 3 a CHeT n e p e x o A a >KeHiii,HHbi o t C T aH K a k A O M aiiiH eM y o » i a r y . I I p o n a r a H A a 3 T a n p e c n e A O B a j ia h A p y r n e u e j iH — 6 o J ib in e e 3 a K a 6 a - JieH H e * e H in ,H H b i b c e M b e , y c x p a H e H H e ee o t o ó m e c T B e H H o ñ > k h 3 h h , o t b o 3 m o > k - HOCTH pO C T a e e peBOJIIOUHOHHOH C 03H 3T ejIbH O C T H . P a 3 0 6 j i a H a f l MHOrOM HCJieH- H bie 6 y p > K y a 3 H b ie T eO p H H K H , K py^K O B C K H H A O K a3bIB 3eT Ba>KHOCTb yq aC T H H >KeHin,HH b o ó m e c T B e H H o ñ ì k h 3 h h C T p a H b i. ^ e H i u H H a AOJiJKHa S o p o T b c a 3 a

CBOH n p a B a , 3 a ocB o 6 o > K A eH H e H 3 « A O M au iH ero re T T O » . O A H a K o , no jio > K H - T e jib H o e p e m e H H e >KeHCKofl n p o ó J ie M b i b 0 3 M 0 > k h 0 j w n i b b y c j i o B u a x c o u n a - » iH C T H H ecK oro C T p o H , b K o to p o m o ö e c n e n e H b i c B o ô o A a h paB eH C T B o B c e x HjieHOB o 6 u i ,e c T B a .

Z I,O K a 3 a T b n p e B o c x o A C T B O c o u ,H a jm c T im e c K o r o c r p o s i H a A K a n H T a j iH C T H -

4ecK H M — u e H T p a j i b H a a HAeH A O K JiaA a.B H e M 3 3 T p a r H B a e T C H , K a K o T M e M a j io c b B b ir n e , h n p o ß j i e M a M o p a J i H .

C T O H K H 3 p e H H H K p y M K O B C K o r o , M o p a j i b — K 3 T e r o p H H B T o p u M H o r o n o p H A K a ,

K a T e r o p H H h c t o p h t c c k h H 3 M e H H e M a H . i l p o u e c c H 3 M e H e H H H M o p a J iH H e t o >k -

A e c T B e n e H n p o u e c c y H 3 M e H e H H H 6 a 3 H c a ; o h o c y m e c T B J i n e T C H c o n o 3 A a H H e M .

3 L. K r u c z k o w s k i , C zlow iek i powszednioéc, Bapm aBa, 1946, cTp. 3 .

137

KanHTajiHCTHMecKOH MopajiH HejioBeKOHeHaBHCTHHqecxBa rm caTejib n p o - THBonocTaBjisier KOMMyHHCTHHecKylO M opaJib, ocHOBbiBaiomyiocH Ha r jiy ö o - kom yBa>KeHHH ue/ioB ena h e ro npaB . O h TBep,no B epux, *ito HacTynHT BpeMH, K or^a 'iejioBenecTBO BCTynHT b Hoßyio >KH3Hb, noóe^HB chjih Mp a n a .

«HacTynHT BpeMH, Kor^a ueJioBenecTBo nocTpoHT HOByro >KH3Hb Ha pyHHax cTaporo MHpa. H Tor^a ueHTpaJibHbiM 3BeHOM b nepapxHH npo6.neM CTaHeT qejioBeK. H e homunculus H3 6ecco^,ep>KaTejibHOH yTonHH re n a n a , a HaCTOHIH,HH, UejIbHblH lie.iIOBeK. . . 4.

Bepofl b CBeTjioe 3aBTpa, b Top>KecTBo ryMaHHcrHHecKHX HAeajioB, b n o ó e^y AeMOKpaTHnecKHx chji najx chji3mh peaK iura npoHH3aHbi Bce B biciyn- JieHHH H nyÖJIHUHCTHHeCKHe CT3TbH Kpy^KOBCKOrO 30-X TOÄOB.

B 1933 roAy nHcaTejib CTaji pe^aRTopoM nporpeccHBHoro oómecTBeHHO- nojiHTHqecKoro mypHaJia «JlHTepaTypHbiH öiojuieTeHb», 3anpemeHHoro <J)aiiiHCTCKHM npaBHTe/ibCTBOM nocjie Bbixo^a nepBoro HOMepa. B s t o t * e nepnofl oh aKTHBHO coTpy^HHMaeT b *ypH aJie « 06 jih k ah h » , H3^aBaeMOM BaHflOH BacHJieBCKofl, JlrounaHOM IIIeHBajib^oM h ApyrnMH nporpeccHBHbiMH riHcaTejiHMH jTIojibiuH. ^Kypnaji cbirpaji 6o.nbiiiyio pojib b Aejie opraHH3auHH e^HHoro <j)poHTa óopuoB c c})amH3MOM, b pacnpocTpaHeHHH peBOJirouHOH- Hbix HAeii.

B 1936 r. bo JlbBOBe coctoh jich cbe3,n pa60THHK0B Ky/ibTypbi, b k oto - pOM npHHHJI yqaCTHe H JleOH KpyHKOBCKHH. DiaBHblM BOnpOCOM, CTOHBUIHM Ha noBecTKe ahh cbe3,na, 6 h j i Bonpoc o coctoh h h h coBpeMeHHofi KyjibTypbi,o cnjioqeHHH phaob nporpeccHBHbix nHcaTejiefi Ha 6op b6y c (})amHCTCKOH HAeojiorHeö. y ^ a c r a e b paóoTe ci>e3,na HMejio orpoMHoe SHa^eHHe rjih K p y1!- KOBCKoro. PemeHHH cbe3Aa noflCKa3a/iH nHcaTe^io TeMbi rjih ero TBopqecTBa, 3aocTpHJiH BHHMaHHe Ha aKTyaJibHbix npoÖJieMax oßmecTBeHHofi jkh3HH nojibUHi. BoJibmoe BHHMaHHe Tenepb oh y^eJiHeT p a3o6 .ia iieHHio aHTHHapoß- hoh 4>auiHCTCKOH ^HKTaTypbi. HanHcaHHan hm b 3TOT nepnoß nbeca «repofi Harnero BpeMeHH»5, b ocH oßy cio>KeTa KOTopoii óbiJia no.no>KeHa h ctoph h KpHMHHaJibHo-no/iHTH^ecKOH aBaHTiopbi HeKoero /JayÖMaHa (1 9 3 2 ), HBHJiacb pe3KOH CaTHpoii Ha I'HTJiepOBCKHH «HOBblH» nopHflOK. B CBOeft nepBOHa- uajibHofi pe^aKUHH OHa npeflCTaBjiHJia p en op T a*; no3>Ke óbwa nepe,n,ejiaHa b ÄpaMy noA Ha3BaHHeM «Gnyqaft Ha po/urne». i lb e c a nojiyMHJia noJio>KH- TejibHyio oueHKy co CTopoHbi nporpeccHBHofi nojibCKofi k p h th k h . <J>auiH3M — j\hKTaTypa 6yp>Kya3HH. 3 t o h MbicJibio npoHH3ana nbeca. OHa KpacHOH HHTbio npoxoflHT h *iepe3 nyójiHUHCTHqecKne CTaTbH Kpy^KOBCKoro 3-roro nepHo^a.

B 1937 ro^y oh ony£uiHKOBa,/i oxAejibHofl ópoim opofi aoKjia^ «FIoMeMy H HBJIHIOCb COUHaJIHCTOM?», a B 1938 — CÓOpHHK nyÓ^HUHCTHMeCKHX CTaTeH «B aTMoccjjepe ^HKTaTypbi», b kotopm h 6bi.aH BKjiKmeHbi CTaTbH, HanncaHHbie Me>Kjiy 1934— 1938 ro^aMH. PaHee ohh öh jih HaneqaTaHbi b nepnojiHHecKHX H3^aHHHX «D ziennik Ludow:j », «Epoka », «L ew y T od>, « Robotnik», « Svgnaly », « Wiadomosci Literackie ».

4 L. K r u c z k o w s k i , yna3aH . paóom a, C T p . 32.5 Ilfeeca 6bi^a y tp a q e H a H anaH yHe c o ö m t h ö 1939 r o ja .

138

T a K , b o a h o í í H 3 e r a r e n i i n c a T e / ib y K 3 3 b iB a e T : « T p y A H O c e ro A H H t o b o - pHTb O THTJiepH3Me TOJIbKO K aK O KaKOM-TO MaCCOBOM paC O B O -H aU H O H aJIH - CTHqeciíOM noMeiuaTejibCTBe. 3 t o n o M e m a T e jib C T B o , noA A ep> K H B 3eM oe b CBoeM P33B H TH H OTpOMHblMH AeHOK HbIM H CVMM3MH IipO M blIU JieH H blX M aTH aT O B , « M e e T c j i h í u k o m H C H o e, T p e 3 B o o Ó A y M aH H o e h B e c b M a K O H K peT H oe o 6 m e - C T B eH H o -n o jiH T H H e c K o e c o A e p jK a u n e K a n b M a c u r r a ó e b h y T p h - H eM enK O M , T aK .h b M e > K A y H ap 0 flH 0 M » 6 .

0 a iiiH 3 M H e c e T c c o6o ñ w e c T O K y io 3 K c n jiy a T a u ,H io H a p o A H b ix M a cc, MHJIHTapH3M H A Y X O B H b lH THeT. TeOpHH «M O JIH H G H O C H O H B O H H b l» , U IH p O K O

n p o n a r a H A H p y e M a « r e p M 3 H C K H M H ( J w ih h c t s m h , c t o u k h 3 p e H H H K p y H K O B -

C l í o r o , H B JIH e TC H f lp K H M C B H A e Te jlb C TB O M « H X H e B e p H H B C o fíC TB e H H b ie C HJIbl

h n p e x A e B c e r o b M o p a jib H b ie c h j i h o ó m e e r e a » . « M o j i H H e n o c H a H » B o iÍH a

H e o ó xo A H M a n o T O M y , h t o 06m.ecTB0, ocH cm aH H oe Ha a y x o b h o m rneTe, H e c n o c o Ó H o Ha ó o J ib u iH e y c H J iH H h B b m e p > K K y , H e c n o c o Ó H O B o c n H T a T b

X O p O H IH X C O JIA a T . O a H J H 3 M — n p O A y K T T H H e H H H K a n H T a J IH C T H H e C K O rO o 6 m ,e -

C T B 3 . IÜ H p O K H H (})p O H T a H T H (J )a iH H C T C K O rO A B H X íe H H H B K a n H T a J IH C T H T C C K H X

C T p a H a x — ■ H p K o e C B H A e T e jib C T B o H e n p e K J io H H o ñ b o j ih H a p o A O B o T C T O H T b

c b o h A e M O K p a r a H e c K H e n p a B a h c b o ó o a m , pacTonTaHHbie c})a uiH 3M O M . <í>amH3M — • A H K T a T y p a > K e c T O K a H , h o H e n p o M H a H , — b o t o c h o b h o íí re 3 H C K p y 1! -

K O B C K o ro . I l H c a T e j i b y ó e s K ^ e H , h t o H a C M e H y <f)aiiiH3Ma n p H A e T H a p o A H O - A e M O K p a T H q e c K H H e r p o f l .

H a npO TH JK eH H H B C erO CÓ O pH H K a npOBOAHTCH MbICJIb O HeOÓXOAHMOCTH 6 o p b 6 b i 3 a H O B biñ C T p o ñ , 3 a A e M O K p a ra n e c K H e n p a B a .

B c T a T b e «H apoA h H aiiH H » K pyH K O B C K H H b HCTOpHTCCKOH n o c jie A O B a - reJibH O C TH nb iT aeT C H o n p e A e jiH T b n e / i n h 3 a A a ™ ñ o p i .ó b i n o jib C K o ro T p y A o - B o r o H a p o A a h i ip H B H J ie rH p o B a H H b ix K JiaccoB 3 a c b o ó o a y h He33BHCHM0CTb c r p a H b i . E c j i h n p o c T o f i H a p o A c ó o p b ó o ñ 3a c b o ó o a y h H a u H O H a J ib H y ioHe3aBHCHM OCTb CB H 3bIBaJI CBOH npeA C T 3B JieH H H 06 H 3M eH eH H H yCJIOBHH c y m ecT B O B aH H H b H H T e p e c a x B c e ñ H a n H H , t o n o J ib C K a n u u iH X T a , K aK y K a - 3 b m a e T n n c a T e j i b , ó o p o j i a c b j iH im . b c b o h x a ro n cT H M ecK H X H H T e p e c a x , 0T C T3H B aH CBOH CBOÓOAbl H n p H B H Jie i’H H .

« C B o ó o A a C T p a H b i, H a u H O H a jib H a a He3aBHCHM OCTb b n p eA C T aB jieH H H BepXHHX CJIOeB nOJIbCKOH UIJIHXTbl ÓbIJlH M eH ee AOCTOHHbIMH BHHM3HHH, H e)K ejiH npaBo np H B H Jie rH H , n p a B O K H y T a , B c e c H ^ b H o ñ p y K o ñ 3 a H e c e H H o ro H aA corH yToñ c n H H o ñ K p e c T b H H H H a -c o o T e q e c T B e H H H K a » 1.

H c T H H H b l M H O C H T e J ie M C B O Ó O A b I H H e 3 a B H C H M O C T H H a I ip O T H > K e H H H B C 6 H

H C T O p H H HBJIHeTCH n p O C T O H H a p O A , H M e iO IH ,H H C J ia B H y iO Ó O e B y iO T p a A H H H I O ,

6oraTyro c o ó m t h h m h h HMeHaMH. Bce BOCCTaHHH X IX BeKa rioTepne/iH nopa- * e H « e . K p y ^ K O B C K H H n p a B H J i b H o O T M e q a e r b K a n e c T B e o c h o b h o h n p H 'i H H b i

h x r io p a > K e H H H H C T o p H H e c K y r o 0 6 y c j i 0 B .n e n H 0 C T b , H e 3 p e j i o c T b K ^ a c c o B o r o

C 0 3 H 3 H H H H a p O A H b lX M a C C .

« B c h k h h p a 3 n o n b iT K H y c T a H O B jie H H H c b o 6 o a u c o p y > K H e M b p y K a x

K O H q a ^ H C b K a T a c T p o ^ H ^ e c K H , h 6 o j i i o a h , K O TO p b ie n o A H H M a jiH C b H a 6 o p b 6 y ,

n o A A aB ajiH C b o a h o í í h t o h * e T p a n m e c K o ñ o u iH Ó K e : o h h B epH JiH b bo3M Q >k-

6 L. K r u c z k o w s k i . W klim acie dyktatury KpaKOB 1938, CTp. 19.7 I.. K r u c z k o w s k i , VK03aH. cóopHUK, CTp. 69.

189

HOCTfc o6l>eA H H eH H H flJIH Ö O pbÖ bl npOTHBOnOJIOJKHbIX K3K O rO H b H BOfla COU Ha/IbHbIX C H JI»8 .

C pocTOM p a ó o M e ro a b h ^ k c h k h , c rioHBjieHHeM couH aji-A eM O K parH M ecK H x o p ra H H 3 a u H H k j i3 c c o b 3 h co 3 H aT e jib H o cT b H apoA H bix M acc noAHHMseTCH Ha 6 o jie e B b ic o K y io c T y n e H b . H a p o A c t s h o b h t c h c h j io h , K O Topyro T pyA H o cjioM H Tb p e n p ec cH H M H . y r p o 3 y p s ó o q e M y A B H *eH H io npeACTaBJiHiOT He OTKpbiTbie B p a r a , a 3aM acK H p o B 3 H H b ie . K HHCJiy h x n n c a T e j ib o t h o c h t n p a B b ix COHH3JIH CTO B , B n H C 3 BLUHX B H C To p H K ) n o 3o p H b ie e rp a H H U b i n p e A a - T ejibC T B a. MjvieHHo n p a B b ie npo jio jK H JiH n y r b noJibCKO M y 4>3uiH3My h e r o HaH,H0 H 3 JIHCTHMeCK0 H H A e O JIO rH H .

B o n p o c .o CBOÔOAe H H633BHCHM0 CTH BHOBb B C T3JI Ha nO BeCTKe AHH B30-e roAbi XX Bena. H a A riojibiueñ HaBHCjia y r p o 3a bohhbi . KpywoBCKHHHe C K pbIB 3eT , HTO OnSCHOCTb BOHHbl B6J1HK3. Ho OH TBepAO BepHT B TO, MTO CBOÔOA3 nOJlHTIHeCK3H H AyXOBH3H, He33BHCHMOCTb CTpaHbl «MOryT 6biTb c o x p a H e H b i ó j ia ro A a p H p e m irre jib H O M y O T n o p y c h ji3 m MHJiHTapH3Ma» 3BaHTKDpH3Ma H KpOB3BOH MHCTHKH, Heo6y3AaHHbIM CHJ13M H3H.HOH3.7IH3M3 9 . H sU H O H aJlH C Tbl, U pH K pblBaH Cb CJIOBaMH «H âUH H», «HSUHOHaJIbHblH», «CBO- 6 o A a poA H H bi», npoBOAHT h 3 A eJie 3H T H H 3poA H yio m w iH TH K y. Hx 6 o j ib u ie B e e rò 33HHM3IOT CBOH y3KO-KJiaCCOBbie H H TepeC bl, 3 He CyAB03 OTe^eCTB3 h H a p o A a . no c jieA O B aT ejib H b iM ö o p u o M 3 a C B oöoA y h T e n e p b h b j ih c t c h TpyAOBOH H a p o A , h 6 o « k j i s c c o b h h H H T epec K p ecT b H H H u a , p a ô o ^ e r o h Tpy>KeHHK3 B006lJU,e HBjmeTCH OAHOBpeMeHHO HHTepeCOM HaUHOHajIbHbIM B nOJIHOM, HeHCK3>KeHHOM CMblCJie STOrO C /IO B a»10.

B e r a T b e o n p e A e jie H a o c h o b h 3 h 33A aw a p a ó o ^ e r o a b h jk 6H h h — 6 o p b 6 a3 3 CBo6 oAHyK> H s p o A H O -A e M O K p a TH H e c K y ro n o j i b i u y .

H B A P y rH X CT3TbHX CÖOpHHKa J I . KpyMKOBCKHH 3aT pO H yJl 3KTy3JIbHbie n p o ö JieM b i C B o ero B peM eH H , p e m e H H e K O Topbix b x o a h j i o b n p o rp s M M y CTOpOHHHKOB SHTHCjWLHHCTCKOrO JI3T epH . O aH O H H3 T3KHX npoÔJieM M HBJIHeTCH n p o ß jie M a M0Ji0Ae>KH. K aK y K a3 b iB a /i T e o p rH H J J h m h t p o b b CBoeM A0KJi3Ae H3 V I I K o H r p e c c e K oM H H T epH 3, o a h o h H3 BaJKHeftniHX npH ^H H noöeA bi c|)3iiiH3M3 6biJio t o , 4T 0 eM y y n a J io c b npoH H K H yT b b p h a b i m o j i o a o k h , b o c - n0Jlb30B aB U IH C b MOMeHTOM, KOrAa CO CTOpOHbl COU,H3JI-ACMOKp3THH H peB O - jHOHHOHHoro n p o J ie T 3 p H 3 T a ó b iJ ia o c jia ó J ie H a B o cn H T aT eJ ib H aa p a ó o T a b e e PH A3X, KO TA 3 MOJIOAe>Kb 0K 333JI3C b B CTOpOHe OT KJiaCCOBOH 6 o p b 6 b i . H e HMeH peBOJIIOUHOHHOH IHKOJIbl BOCHHT3HHH, HCnbITbIBafl «THJKeCTb 3K0H0MH- M ecK oro K p H 3 H ca, 6 e 3 p a6 o T H U b i h p a c n a A a ó y p > K y 3 3 H o ñ AeM OKpsTHH, He BHAH nepC neK T H B HS 6 yA yiH .ee , 3HaHH TeJIbHbie CJIOH MOJIOAe>KH OK333.7IHCb OCOÔeHHO BOCnpHIIM^HBblMH K (¡33IIIHCTCKOH A6M 3rOTHH, pHCOB3BHJeH HM saM aH ^H B oe 6 y A y m .ee n p H n o ô e A e (f)3m H3M 3»1:l.

B o B jie ^ e H H e M OJiO Aem n b p h a b i 6opu.oB c 4)auiH3MOM h K a n H T a J iH c n m e - CKOH 3 K C n j]y 3 T 3 H ,H eH ÖblJIO B3>KHeHIHHM 3BCHOM B p 3 C U IH p eH H H H y K p e n - JTeHHH KOMMyHHCTHLieCK O rO ABHÎKeHHH.

8 L. K r u e z k o ' w s t i , y « ;a 3 a « . côopHUK, CTp. 6 9 — 7 0 .9 TaM x e , CTp. 73.

10 TaM >Ke, CTp. 74.11 F. JX h M h T p o b . HacmynAenue <pauiu3Ma u 3 a d m u KoMMynucmmecKozo Hnmep-

Hau¡uoHajia e 6opb6e 3a eduHcmeo paôoneeo KAacca npomue (pauiu3Ma. MocKBa, 1935, CTp. 22.

140

«BeAb npoójieMa mojioaêâh, — He mnbKo KOMCOMOJibCKaa npo6- ieMa, — roBopHJi Teoprníi Æhmhtpob, — sto npoÒJieMa Beerò kommyhh-

CTH ecKoro abhhcchhh»13.O a u i H C T b i h c h o ce6e n p e A C T a B j ia j iH , K a K o e o r p o M H o e 3 H a n e H H e b fle^ie

y K p e n J ie H H H c B o e r o b j i h h h h h H a u i n p o r a e T p y A a m ,H e c a M a c c h i H M e e T b o c h h -

T a H H e M O JIO aeJK H B H a U H O H a JI-H IO B H H H C T H M e C K O M , M H JIH T a p H C T C K O M A y x e .

A e ^ a a C T a B K y H a M O Jio A e JK b , H a u H O H a ji-c o u H a jiH C T b i p a c c u H T b iB a ^ H n o n o j i -

H H T b O T p a A B I U IT y p M O B H K O B H J ie rH O H e p O B HOBbIM H M OJIOAbIM H C H J1 3 M H ,

y n p e r i H T b h x « ó o e B o ñ A y x » . B s t h x u e j i a x ó b u is p a 3 B e p H y T a u i n p o n a a

n p o n a r a H A a T a K H a 3 H B a e M O H « T e o p H H M O Jio A o ro n o K O J ie H H H » . M o a h m m

C T a H O B H T c a n p o T H B o n o c T a B jie H H e « m o j io a o t o n o K O J ie H H H » « c r a p o M y » . K / ia c -

c o B y K ) 6 o p b 6 y n b iT a io T c a n o A M e H H T b « k o h ( } v i h k t o m n o m n e H H H » h T e M eaMbiM c K p b iT b O T H a p O A a H B J ie H H a , p a a o Ó J ia H a io m H e a H T a ro H H C T H M e c K H H x a p a K T e p

n p o T H B o p e H H H , n o p o H C A a e M b ix K a n H T a J iH 3 M O M . T e o p n a « m o j i o a o t o n o K o -

J i e H H a » , u iH p o K O p a c n p o c T p a H H B u ia H c a b T e p M a H H H h H t s j i h h , B C K o p e ó b u ia

n o f lX B a q e H a n o jib C K H M H (j )a u iH C T a M n . M a x p o B b iH (j)a u iH C T r ia c e u K H H (p e f la K T o p

> K y p H a jia « P r o s t o z m o s ta » ) b c b o h x C T a T b a x C T p e M H Jic a A O K a 3 a T b , >jto

c})aKT c o j iH A a p H o c T H M 0 J i0 A e » H B c e x c jio e B H a c e ^ ie n n a H e o c n o p H M . n p o n o B e A b e A H H C T B a M O JIO A O K H c o o T B e T C T B O B a jia H A e Ö H b iM y c T a H O B K a M $ a iH H 3 M a h b

riJia H e c r jia > K H B a H H H K J ia c c o B b ix n p o T H B o p e M H H . B c T a T b e « C o r j i a c H O h c t o p h h ,

a He B o n p e K H h c t o p h h » K p y H K O B C K H H n o A ^ e p K H B a e T , m to H a a 3 h h o m h c t o -

p n q e c K O M S T a n e n e m o jk c t ó b iT b h penn o cojiHAapHocTH m o jio a o k h p a 3 ;iH M H b ix

couHajibHbix r p y n n .«Hhuto He CBH3biBaer MeJKy coòoìi ójiohahhob Ha tom ochob3hhh , uto

ohh aBjiHfOTca 6jiohahh3mh , HsnpoTHB, — MestAy JiioAbMH cymecTByeT CBa3b, ocHOBHBaioui,aaca Ha o6ih,hocth ycjioBHH hx pa3BHTHa»13.

E A H H e H H e ^ e / io B e q e c K H X k o j u i c k t h b o b , n o M H e H H io n n c a T e ; i H , n p o n c x o -

A H T H 3 O C H O B e T e X HJ1H H H b lX O Ó lH H X , C n3H B a K )LU ,H X H X M y B C T B , y Ò O K A C H H H

H y c T p e M J ie H H H . B e p a b A e M o n p a T H ^ e c K H e n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H H a o 6 t> e A H H a e T

p a Ó O H H X H K p e C T b H H B H X 6 o p b 6 e C (J)3HIH3M O M ,H e 3 3 B H C H M O O T H X B 0 3 -

p a C T H O rO n p H 3 H a i< 3 . r io i I b lT K S (J)3 IU H 3 M a O Ö te A H H H T b H A e S JIb l H y c T p e M J ie H H a

M o jio A e>K H B c e x c jio e B o 6 m ,e c T B a H e H M e e T n o A c o ö o h p e a jib H O H 6 a 3 b i. 3 T a

3 3 A 3 H a B b in O JIH H M a JIH IH b n p H O A H O M y C JIO B H H — n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 B a H H H C T p y K -

T y p b i o 6 m e c T B 3 , y H H H T O H te H H H c o H H 3 J ib H o r o h S K O H O M H H e c K o ro H e p a B e H - C TB a n y T H H H H T e p e c b i M O JiO A b ix n p e A C T a B H T e jie ñ S K c n J iy a T a T o p c K H X

KJiaCCOB H T p y A H IU ,H X C H p a 3 JIH M H b I H a A 3 H H 0 M H C TO p H H e C K O M 3 T 3 n e .

BopbÓ3 C HAeaJIH3MOM, MHCTHKOH, Cy6l>eKTHBH3MOM B HayKe A-fia KpyuKOBCKoro npeACTaBJiajiacb CTOJib >Ke b3>khoh , ksk h 6opb6a 3a MHp H A6MOKP3TH3M, h6o 0H3 HMeJIS CBOeH HeJIblO yKpenJieHHe M3TepH3JIHCTH- qecKHx OCHOB b HayKe, nponaraHAy ryMaHHcranecKHX HAeajioB couh3^h3M3 . B CT3TbHX «y HCTOKOB HaHHOH3JlH3Ma» H «BecnepCHeKTHBHOCTb H3UHOH3 - iH3M3 h comia-nncTHHecKHe HAeajibi» nHcaTe b BbicTynaeT KaK cropoHHHK

M3TepH3JIHCTHHeCKOrO yMeHHH, K3K npOnaraHAHCT COUHaJIHCTHMeCKHX HAeH. HpeBOCXOACTBO M3TepH3JIHCTHMeCK0r0 yneHHH HaA HAeaJIHCTHMeCKHM OH

13 TaM aie, cTp. 68.13 L . K r u c z k o w s k i , y K 0 3 a n . c ò o p n ., c i p . 7 .

1 4 ]

Ä 0K a3biB aeT b CTaTbe «y h c t o k o b Hau.HOHaJiH3M a», H an p aB JieH H o fl npoT H B KHHTH npcifeccopa $1. C t. BbierpoHH «Mshhh HauHOHajiH3Ma».

« K a n H A eajiHC THH ecKoe noH H M aH ne AeficTBH TejibH ocTH He A aeT H ccjieA o -BaTeJIK» B03M0JKH0CTH BCeCTOpOHHe e e H S y ^H T b , TaK H CaM HAeaJIHCTHtieCKHH MeTOA e e n e p e y c r p o f lc T B a Mo>Ker O K 3 3 aT b cn ôeccH JibH biM h M aJionptiroA H biM K AeÖCTBHIO» 14.

r iH c a T e j ib H aH ec p e u iH T e jib H b iñ y n ,ap n c e B A o n a y iiHbiM HAeajiHCTHMe- CKHM K O HuenuHHM xpHCTH3HCK0H TeopH H o 6 m ,ecT B eH H o ro n e p e y c r p o f lc T B s B biC TpoH H , HBjiHiomeHCH HHMeM HHbiM KaK iionbiTKOH AO Ka3aTb u e j ie c o o ö - pa3HOCTb cy m e cT B y K )m ,ero e r p o n . XpHCTHaHCKOMy H A ea jiy r ip o c ^ e c c o p s o h n p o T H B o n o cT aB H ji couH aJiH C T H iecK H H H A ea ji, K a n H A eaji h c t h h h o H a u H o - H a jIb H b lH , OTpaJKaK)UJ,HH HHTepeCbl TpyAHLUHXCH M a c c , yTBepjKAaiOm HH c o u H a ^ b H y io cnpaB eA ^iH B O C Tb, c n o co ó c T B y io iu H H p a c u B e T y K y jib 'ry p b i H a p o ^ a .

C ra T b H K pyM K O B C K oro, noHBHBiuaHCH b > K ypH ajie «Lew y Tor» Bbi3B3Jia HeAOBOJibCTBO b K p y r a x n o ^ b C K o fl p esK U H H . O t b c to m H a H ee H B H Jiacb CT3TbH (fjauiHCTa K a p o j i b u a . Kpy^KOBCK HH o t b c t h j i K a p o j ib u y h o b o h cTSTbefi «B ecnepcrieK T H B H O C T b H3H,HOH3JiH3Ma h couH aJiH C TH H ecK H e H A eaJib i» , H a n p a - b h b e e o c T p H e npoT H B (})aJibCH(J)HKaTopoB h c t o p h h , npoT H B B y jib ra p H 3 a T o p o B MapKCHCTCKOH T eo p H H , npOTHB HaUH0H3JIHCT0B, np0B 03rJiaH iaB U IH X IipeBOC- XOÄCTBO nOJIbCKOH H3UHH HaA APyrH M H CJiaBHHCKHMH H3UHHMH.

C o craTbeft KpyHKOBCKoro «y h c t o k o b h 3 li,h o h 3 .jih 3 M 3 » npoóoBaji nojie- MH3HpoBaTb h (J)auiHCT IlHceu,KHH, peAaKTOp »yp H ajm «Proslo z mosta O T B eyasi H a H anaA K H (J)aniHCTOB, KpyqKOBCKHH TBepAO h nocjieA O B aT ejibH O oTCTaHBaeT c b o h M3TepHaJiHcnmecKHe no3HH,HH. O h pastHCHHeT cymHOCTb HayMHoro cou.HajiH3Ma, yKa3biBaeT Ha ero *H3HeHH0CTb h AeflcTBeHHocTb.

«B KaKOM cM bicjie coB peM eH H bifl, T aK H a3biB aeM bifl H ay ^H b ifl c o h ,h 3 jih 3 m HBJIHeTCH «MaTepHaJIHCTHHeCKOH AOKTpHHOH»? B CMbICJie MeTOAa HCCJieAO- B3HHH H n03H 3H H H Ä^HCTBHTejIbHOCTH. O t A P yfH X yueH H Ö OH OTJIHH3eTCH TeM , MTO He 0CT3H3BJlHB3eTCH H a 3H 3JIH 3e 06lH,eCTBeHHbIX OTHOUieHHH, 3 CTpeMHTCSI 3TH OTHOUieHHH H3M eHHTb, nepeC T pO H T b H A aeT B 3T0M H 3 n p 3 B - JieHHH HCHbie, JIOTHHeCKHe y K 3 3 3 H H H . B o T nOTOMy COUH3JIH3M -HayKa CT3Jl OAHOBpeMeHHO C0U H 3JlH 3M 0M -M H p0B 033peH H eM , HMeHHO M H p0B 033peH H eM TeX c jio e B o6ui,ecTBa, KOTOpbie CTpeMHTCH k o c b o C o jk a c h h io , k H3MeHeHHio c y m ,e c T B y io u ;e ro c T p o n » 15.

C ouH ajiH C TH H ecK H e H A ea jib i, — y K a3 b iB aeT n u c a T e j i b , — co o T B eT crey iO T HHTepeC3M HIHpOKHX M3CC TpyAHIUHXCH BO BCeX CTpSHaX H M3CTHX C BeTa. B o p b ó a 3a h x T opjK ecT B o He HMeeT c e 6 e p sB H o fl b h c t o p h h n o re p o H 3 M y , BbiA epjK K e, cnjiOHeHHOCTH H s p o A a . Hh BHcejiHUbi, h h nbiTK H , HH ro jio A H afl CM epTb He cM orjiH y c T p a iu H T b JiioA eH , B C T ynH B niH x H a n y T b 6 o p b 6 b i 3 a n o c T p o e H H e h o b o t o couH aJiH C T H M ecK oro o ó m e c T B a .

C öopH H K «B 3TM0C(}3epe A H K TSTypbi» BKjiK)H3eT b c e 6 n h JiH T epaT ypH O - KpHTHMecKHe CT3T bH : « n p aB A H B b ifl poM aH 06 O H P » 16, « J ty ^ b C K H e n p o K J ia - AbiBaiOT nyTb b h c t o p h h » , «B 3am ,H Ty « K o p A n a H 3 h x s M a » , « H a p e n e - THUHH», «CoiXH 3JIbH 3H 0CH0B3 nJI3T H 3T 3».

14 L. K r u c z k o . w s k i , yK 03an. cöopnuK., e rp . 19.13 L. K r u c z k o w s k i , VKa3aH. CöopnuK, CTp. 32.18 ONR-Obóz narodow o-radykalny — p e a K U H O H H a « ( j)a u iH C T C K a H o p r a H H 3 a it H f l -

142

O ra T b s i «rtp aB A H B b iñ poM aH 06 O H P » — p e u e H 3HH Ha poM aH 6y p > K y a 3 - H o ro n n c a Te JiH T p a ó c K o r o « H a K p a io » , H B jiH io in e ro c H n p K H M 06p a 3H0M y n a ^ o ^ H K H e c K O H 6 yp > K ya 3 H O H J iH T e p a T y p w . K p y H K O B C K H H p a s o Ó Jia n a e T nop oH H b ie HAeHHbie y c ra n o B K H p o M a H a , oÓHa>KaeT H eco B epm eH C TB o e ro XyflO>KeCTBeHHOH cjiopMbi.

K p y 'IK O B C K H H — H en pH M H pH M b lH B p a r M e m a H C TB a . M e m a H C K H H 9 rO H 3 M , H H A H B H A ya jIH 3 M , KO CH O CTb, ypO A JIH B O p33B H TO e H yBCTBO COÓCTBeHHOCTH n n c a T e jib n o A B e p r p e 3 K 0 H , yHHHTO>K3K)iii,eH K p H TH K e . T e p M H H «M e m a H C TB o » y H e ro a c c o u H n p y e T c a c TepM H H O M «A y Jib iii,H H a ». H 3 B e c T H O , w o n p o H 3 B e - AeH HeM , H aH Ô ojiee a p K o h r j iy ó o K O b n o jib C K o ñ J iH T e p a T y p e pacK pb iB U JH M c y m H O C Tb M e m a H C TB a , HBJifleTCH T p a n iK O M e A H H I \ 3 a n 0 Jib C K 0 H « M o p a jib naH H / ty j ib C K O H », B b im e A m a n h 3 n e n a ra b 1907 r o A y . r ip o H 3 B e A e H H e He y T p a T H Jio CBoeñ S K T y s jib H o c rH h o c T p o Tb i h b 3 0 -e roAt>i. C o B p e M e H H H k K p y H K O B C K o ro , K p H T H K B o H -)K e Jie H b C K H H 2 5 Jie T c n y c T H n o c jie n o H B jie H H H nbecbi Ha c u e H e , n n c a ji o ee H e yB H A a e M o iî, o rp o M H o fi o Ô JiH H H Te ^b H O H CH Jie:

« K o r A a ee ( « M o p a j ib naH H X ly J ib C K O H »— E . O . ) c t 3 b h j i h K aK c o B p e M e H H yio n b e c y , Æ y jib C K a H 6 b u ia r a n o M , ce flu a c * e OHa c r a jm n e M -TO ô o j ib u iH M ,— 0H 3 C T3JI3 UeJIOH S n O X O H . O H a CT3JI3 TH n O M , OTp3>KeHHeM 3nO X H H O A H O - BpeM eHH o O H a c r a jis b c h h o h » 17.

H p k h h T H n n 3 H H X ly jib C K O H c e e n o n u io H , s t o h c t h m c c k o h , M e jiK o - co ô cTB eH H H H ecK O H M o p a jib io c r a ji co Ó H p a Te jib H b iM 0 6 p a 3 0 M ue/ioH a n o x H — a n o x H 3 a rH H B a io n j,e ro K a n H Ta JiH 3 M a . H a t h B n e p e A k A O c ra m e H H io c b o h x u e jie n , He C M H Tancb co cpeA CTBaM H — b o t ee o cH O B a . n p o T H B A y n t c K H x C B o e ro BpeM eH H H a n p a B H Ji K p y ^ K O B C K H H c b o io C TS Tb io «Æ y jib C K H e n p o K jia - ABiBaiOT n y T b b h c t o p h h » . n n c a T e J ib y K a 3 b iB a e T, h t o « A y iib m ,H H 3 »— c o im a ;ib — Hoe H B JieH H e, B 03H H K U iee Ha n o cjie A H e fi c t s a h h p 33 b h t h h K a n H T3 JiH 3 M 3 .

n o C T e n e H H O A yJIb C K H e CT3H O BH TCH COK)3HHKaM H (J)3U1H3M3. H x p O A H H T C HHM H eH 3B H C Tb KO BCeM y n e p e A O B O M y, 3H TH CeM H TH 3M , H 3H H O H 3JIH 3M .

« E cjih xoTHTe noHHTb ncHxoJiorHio 4>auiH3Ma, BcnoMHHTe e ro poAo- cjioBHyro, KOTopaH HawHHaeTCH c AyJibCKHX»18.

KpyHKOBCKHH o T M e^seT , HTO o c h o b h o h H e p T o ii, o n p e A e jiH io m eH B ecb yKJiaA JKH3HH AyJlbCKHX, HBJIHeTCH He B Mepy pa3BHTOe MyBCTBO COÔCTBeH- H O C TH . C H yBCTBO M H pO H H H OÔJIHWaeT n H C a Te jIb 3TOH3M A Y -'Ib C K H X .

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B3HTHH, B JIOJKKe BOAH yTOnHJI 6bl OCT3JIbHbIX TpOHX. KaKHe HHTpHTH OHH 3aTeB aiO T Apyr npoTHB Apyra, C K3K0H 33BHCTblO K3JKAHH H3 HHX, BCT3B y CBoero Mara3HHHHKa, c m o t p h t H a Tpn coceAHHe!19.

1 7 K a z . C z a c h o w s k i , Obraz w spôlczesnej lite ra tu ry po lsk ie j 1844— 1933. T. 1, JlbBOB. 1934, C T p . 104.

18 L. K r u c z k o w s k î, WKa3aH. c6opH.UK, CTp. 49.19 L. K r u c z k o w s k i., yK 0 3 a n . c6opH.UK, CTp. 48,

143

MopaJIH HHAHBHAyaJlH3Ma H 3rOH3Ma Äy^ItCKHX Kpy^KOBCKHH npOTHBO- nocTaBjiHer npoJieTapcKyro M opaJib.

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Ü H c a T e j i b y ó e ^ A e n , «i t o H e AyJifcCKHe n p H 3 B a H b i cbirpa Tb p e m a r o m y r o pOJIb B H C T O p H H .

B JlHTepaTypHO-KpHTHMeCKHX CT3TbHX KpyHKOBCKHH OTCTaHBaJI npHH- UHnbl MaTepHaJlHCTHMeCKOH SCTeTHKH. OcHOBHblM KpHTepHeM >KH3HeHHOCTH xyAo*ecTBeHHoro npoH3BeAeHHH o h BbiABHHyji e ro npaBAHBocTb b OTOópa- >KeHHH A^HCTBHTeJlbHOCTH. C n jia npOH3BeAeHHH He TOJIbKO B TOM, HaCKOJIbKO rjiyòoK o nneaT ejib CM or npoHHKHyTb b jk h 3 h h ceroAHH h jih Buepa* ho cyMeji jiu nwcaTejib HaMeTHTb nepcneKTHBy ó y n y m e ro . CßoöoAa — b o t ocHOBHoe ycjioBHe, KOTopoe m o jkct oóecneuHTb pa3BHTHe JiHTepaTypbi h HCKyCCTBa, TBOp^eCKHH pOCT XyAOJKHHKa. IlporpeCCHBHOe HCKyCCTBO, CBO- óoAHoe OT BjiacTH AeHer, 0Tpa>Karomee HHTgpecbi H apoAa, cnocoÖHO >KHTb BeKa, a HCKyCCTBO, OTpa>Karoiu,ee peaKUHOHHyio HAeojiorHK), oópeqeH o HaHeAO^rOBeHHOCTb H BbIMHpaHHe. K p y lIKOBCKHH --- npOTHBHHK TeopHH« H C K y C C T B a a j i h H C K y C C T B a » . / X jih H e r o H C K y C C T B O h j i H T e p a T y p a — s t o

A e f ic T B e H H o e o p y m n e ô o p b ô b i h B o c n H T a H H H M a c c . O h B b i c T y n a e T (c m . C T a T b io

« C o u n a ^ b H a H o c H O B a n j i a r n a T a » ) n p o T H B n H c a T e J ie f i , K O T o p b ie n o A n p e A - JIO rO M 3 a iIM C T B O B a H H H T e M b I, U e JIH K O M n e p e H O C H T B CB O H p O M a H H3 A p y r o r o

n p o H 3 B e A e H H H e r o c o A e p J K a H H e , o 6 p a 3 b i h n p o Ö Jie M b i. P a c c M a T p H B a n J iH T e -

p a T y p y K a K o p y A H e B o c n H T a H H f l M a c c , K p y w o B C K H H o r p o M H o e S H a u e H H e

n p H A a e T a K r y a j ib H O C T H c t 3 b h b i h h x c ì ì ero n p o Ó J ie M , ee B 0 3 A e H C T B y ro iu ,e H

C H Jie . O h B b ic o K o o u e H H B a e T (c m . C T a T b ro « H a p e n e T H U H H » ) A e f lT e jib H o c T b

M O Jio A e > K H o ro K O J iJ ie K T H B a b M a p K O B O H , K O T O p u H o ó h o b h j i C B o ii p e n e p T y a p

3 a c t c t n b e c , p e m a r o m n x B a>KH bie n p o Ó Jie M b i c o B p e M e H H O C T H .

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lITO «UeHTp 3eMJIH HaXOAHTCfl B HX TOpOAe H oßoSHa^aeT e ro SiHpOHAO/Ibb CTOJIOBOH njieóana... »21.

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ocHOBHOMy Boripocy CBoero rocynapcTBeH H oro cymecTBOBaHHH»32.

20 TaM >Ke, cTp. 48.21 L. K r u c z k o w s k i , VKCßaH. c6opH.UK, CTp. 97.22 L. K r u c z k o w s k i , y n m a n . cöopnuK, CTp. 63.

144

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n 3 b iK , k o t o p b iM o h h 6 b i ; i h H a n H c a H b i. r p y S b i e H a p y u ie H H H H o p M n o ^ b C K o r o

.T H T e p a T y p H o r o H 3 b iK a o h 3 a M e q a e T h y K a p o J i b u a ,h y r p a ó c K o r o .

n y é j i H U H C T H K a — - a p K o e C B H A e T e jib C T B o T e x o r p o M H b ix c a b h t o b , k o t o -

pb ie n p 0 H 3 0 U IJ IH B T B O p q e C T B e K p y ^ K O B C K O r O B C T O p O H y M 3 T e p H a JIH C T H M e -

C K O rO M H p 0 n 0 H H M a H H H . B C B O H X X y A O * e C T B e H H b IX n p O H 3 B e A e H H H X 3 TO TO

n e p n o A a b p e u ie H H H n p o f íj ie M b i H a p o ,n a h r e p o n o h n e p e m a r H y j i p a M K H

K p H T H w e c K o r o p e a ^ H 3 M a . B s to m 3 a c .n y r a n H c a T e j i n n e p e ^ , c o B p e M e H H o ñ

r io ^ b C K o ñ ^ i H T e p a T y p o H . O f lH a K o , H e c j ie a y e T 3 a 6 b iB a T b o H e f lo p a ó o T K a x b

x y ^ o > K e c T B e H H O M M e T o ^ e n u c a T e j iH , o 3 a 6 ^ y > K A e H H H x , C B O H C TB e H H b ix e M y b

p e m e H H H H e K O T o p b ix 3 C T e T H iie c K H X h n o jiH T H q e c K H X n p o Ó Jie M . B y c / io B H H x

(jjauiHCTCKoro pexH M a nHcaTeJib He B ce Mor noHHTb n p a B H Jib H O h , c j ie f lO B a -

T e ^ ib H O , H e B c e r ^ a n p a B H J ib H o p e u iH T b n o c T a B J ie H H y io 3 a A a ii y . 3 t h m , H a n p H -

M e p , c ^ e ^ y e T o ó -b H C H H T b e r o H e n p a B H ^ b H b iñ B 3 r j iH A H a p o M a H T H H e c K y io

n o 3 3 H io X I X B e K a h B o c e r a H H e 1 8 3 0 — 31 r o ^ o B b e r o C T a T b e « B 3 a m H r y

« K o p ^ H a H a h X a M a » .H b n y ó J iH H H C T H K e , h b x y A o > K e c T B e H H o M T B o p n e c T B e b 3 0 -e to a b i

K p y H K O B C K H H B c e >Ke O C T a jiC H B e p H b iM C B o e M y n p H H U n n y n n c a T b n p a B ^ H B o ,

o T o 6 p a > K a T b T H n n q H b ie H B jie H H h ^ e H C T B H T e ^ b H O C T H c n o 3 H H H H M a T e p n a j iH -

C TH q e C K O H S C T e T H K H .n o c j ie B o e H H o e T B o p q e c T B O n H c a x e jiH — H a H / iy n u ie e A O K a 3 a T e ^ b C T B o e r o

B e p H O C TH r ip o j ie T a p c K o ñ ^ H T e p a T y p e , ee p e a jiH 3 M y h p e B 0 Jii0 U H 0 H H b iM

H f le a jia M .

I fl — 158