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Developing CARTODEM

A National DEM Using CARTOSAT-I Stereo

November 2005

National Remote Sensing AgencyHyderabad

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Sub-Committee on Projectisation of CARTODEM

The Study Team Report and the Projectisation Document (for g ene ra t ingna t iona l leve l DEM a nd ortho im a g e)submitted by Direc tor,NRSA to C hairman,

ISRO was discussed at the ISRO HQ.A Sub-Committee has been constituted by Dr. V. J ayaraman,

Direc tor,EOS to develop the CARTODEM Project considering the post-launch experiences.

Dr P.S.Roy NRSA ConvenerSri B.Gopala Krishna SAC Member

Dr. S.S.Rao RRSSC (N) MemberDr J .Krishnamurthy EOS MemberSri ASRKV Murali Mohan NRSA Member-Secretary

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Executive Summary

IRS-P5 (Cartosat-I) satellite, launched on May 05, 2005, is designed to deliver high-

resolution spatial data of better than 2.5m in stereo. The twin cameras, with a fixed

base-to-height ratio better than 0.6, image the terrain through in-track stereo almost

simultaneously. The primary mission goal is to generate a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

at national level for the benefit of various user communities of remote sensing and

cartography.

Following the IRS MC recommendation, the Director, NRSA has constituted a StudyTeam to assess the user requirements from the application and data processing

perspective. The team, through intense deliberations, examined the possible DEM

resolutions, height sensitivity of the mission, level of automation, and adequacy of

control points, processing issues and arrived at the specifications of the national level

DEM from Cartosat-I (referred to as CARTODEM).

CARTODEM will be developed through automatic processing for 1 arc-second posting

using Stereo Strip Triangulation Software (SSTS), developed by Space Applications

Centre, Ahmedabad. The product will depict the surface height, (that is the maximumlocal height -but not of bare earth), with elevation accuracies of 8m. The DEM will have

WGS-84 ellipsoid as horizontal and vertical datum. Generation of orthoimage at 1:25000

is also recommended. The pre-requisites for embarking in projec t mode are identified.

Through this, a seamless, homogeneous DEM at the country level would be realized for

the first time.

The production will be taken up immediately to realize it in about a year, by employing

high throughput systems and suitable software augmentations. This document identifies

the work elements, implantation methodology, infrastructure, and budgetaryrequirements.

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CONTENTS

Project Summary

1. Introduction

Study Team RecommendationsNeed for DEM

2. Projec t Objectives

Befits to the stakeholdersKey Differentiators

3. Implementation methodologyProduct DevelopmentEssential stages

4. Manpower

5. Work ComponentsRole of the Contributing Centres

6. Time Goals

7. Product Specifications

8. Project management

9. Fac ility Definition

10. Budget

Appendix I: System spec ificationsAppendix II: Storage RequirementsAppendix III: Worksheets of costingAppendix IV: WorkFlow SchematicAppendix V: Process Benchmarking GuidelinesAppendix VI: Office Order

Acknowledgments

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1.0 Introduction

The Department of Space (DOS) is committed to meeting the nations needs for current base

geographic data and maps. The objective of the present mission is to provide a current, accurate and

nationally consistent elevation information in spa tial domain derived from stereo data of CARTOSAT

satellite series. This can serve as a foundation for interpreting all geo-information and developing

derived data sets continuously. This is expected to be of immense help for RS&GIS applications

community across the country. The users will be able to access the DEM data by tiles or by defining a

geographic area of interest in which case, a seamless mosaic of contiguous tiles is delivered.

The National DEM set contains the following layers:

Elevation

Ortho-image

The development of digital elevation models and digital ortho-imagery at 1:25,000 scale will provide a

level of detail and accuracy highly suitable for medium to large scale mapping and analysis.

The DEM product will be extremely useful in the GIS environment, providing a dependable base for

multiple corresponding theme layers and enabling terrain characterization with parameters like slope,

drainage network, watershed definition and contour maps. Topographic data are fundamental to

resource modeling and will be an essential element of the database.

The ortho images will be useful as raster base maps to define and demarcate the features like:

landuse/land cover, topography, roads, rivers, open water bodies and forest density. By virtue of in

built correspondence between DEM and ortho-image, a few perspective views will be generated.

These views provide the user an appreciation of terrain relief and other visually discernible

characteristics.

The purpose of constituting the National DEM study team is to study the quantum of the effort, and

suggest a mechanism to realize the DEM at the national level. Scope of the envisaged project is to

generate DEM for entire India using the stereo data from the about-to-be-launched CARTOSAT-I.

It is anticipated that the CARTODEM will be useful in a variety of ways. First, the models provide an

elevation reference of the existing topographic conditions. They will provide valuable information for

preparing land management plans, enforcing environmental regulation, identifying critical areas

within the watershed and developing inundation vulnerability maps.

Second, DEM product will be extremely useful in the GIS environment, providing a terrain model to

facilitate drainage network analysis, watershed demarcation, erosion mapping, contour generation

and quantitative analysis like volume-area calculation. Topographic data are fundamental to

watershed modeling and is a critical ingredient of the project.

Third, DEM will enable generation of ortho rectified images in the DP fac ility on operational basis. The

elevation profiles will help quantify the local displacements (due to relief), for further carrying out

geometric corrections. Other applications include scene simulation, fly through visualization and for

military application.

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This will be the first time in the country that this type of elevation information will be created for land

use and mapping application and therefore could be featured as a national model. The DEM thus

realized is intended to be available for users.

Study Team Recommendations

Following the IRS MC recommendation, the Director, National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) has

constituted a Study Team to assess the user requirements from the application and data processing

perspective (Annexure 1). The team, through intense deliberations, examined the possible DEM

resolutions, height sensitivity of the mission, level of automation, and adequacy of control points,

processing issues and arrived at the spec ifica tions of the nationa l level DEM from Cartosat-

I(CARTODEM).

The Study Team, Constituted by Director, NRSA, recommended that: (1)The Level-IA DEM product

should be an operational data product; (2) The Level-IB DEM to be initiated simultaneously to meet

the user requirements for better quality DEMs in a phased manner by ISRO/DOS Centres with

entrepreneurial participation.; (3) The Level-II DEM to be taken up to meet the site-spec ific userrequirements for better quality DEMs in a phased manner by ISRO/DOS Centres with entrepreneurial

participation.

WGS 84 for both plannimetry and elevation of CARTODEM data; elevations defining the topographic

surface.

Based on the recommendations of the inter-centre task team constituted by Director, NRSA,

Hyderabad a project proposal for preparation of National Digital Elevation Model (NDEM) has been

submitted to Secretary, DOS by NRSA. In order to review and recommend to Secretary, DOS for

approval of the project, a meeting was held by Director, EOS on September 26, 2005 at ISRO HQ,Bangalore. After detailed deliberations, under the overall guidance of Dr V J ayaraman, Director, EOS,

Dr PS Roy, Dy. Direc tor, NRSA (RS&GIS), NRSA and Dr PK Srivastava , GD, RESIPA, SAC a Task Team

comprising of Shri Murali Mohan, NRSA, Shri B Gopa lakrishna, SAC and Dr S Srinivasa Rao, RRSSC-N and

Dr J Krishnamurthy, ISRO Hqrs has been constituted to tec hnica lly fine-tune the projec t proposal taking

into account the outcome of discussions and prepare the final document. This document identifies the

work elements, implementation methodology, responsibilities, infrastructure, and budgetary

requirements.

The sub-committee has recommended that CARTODEM with national coverage be taken up using the

indigenously developed software. The project is targeted to be realized in 1 year.

Need for DEM

Photogrammetric methods are used for digital terrain elevation data collection over a very wide range

of scales and accuracies. Over relatively small areas where the required sampling density is very high

and the specified height accuracy is very demanding, ground survey methods remain extremely

important and highly applicable, e.g., for specific building sites. However, as soon as data has to be

collected over extensive areas of terrain and especially if the terrain is rough, then photogrammetric

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methods come into their own. In the context of acquiring terrain elevation data over larger areas,

photogrammetry-based approaches have a merit as they are largely automated.

It is seen from the global scenario that the photogrammetric methods offer the greatest flexibility in

data collection for terrain modelling in that the density of sampling, the accuracy of the elevation

data, etc., can all be varied according to the needs of the user. This can be done by utilizingphotography/imagery taken at different scales and a t different flying heights and by employing various

alternative types of photogrammetric instrumentation of varying capability in terms of accuracy,

degree of automation, etc. By contrast, field survey methods are constrained to large-scale modelling

of limited areal extent and are less flexible in terms of the accuracy, data sampling patterns, etc., that

can be implemented, though these deficiencies will be less apparent to a civil engineer or surveyor

often interested in a single specific site covering a relatively limited area.

On the wider (regional or national) scale, again photogrammetric methods of data acquisition offer

much to surveying and mapping agencies, especially in terms of acquiring dense terrain elevationdata of a reasonable metric quality by automated means covering huge areas of terrain. These

methods have been implemented in many countries, e.g., in Western Europe in conjunction with

statewide programmes of orthophotomapping, and in North America where highly automated systems

such as the GPM-2 have been introduced into national mapping agencies and collect elevation data

on a massive scale. The alternative method of acquiring digital elevation data on a national scale

through the digitization of the contours on existing topographic map series and subsequent

interpolation will almost inevitably result in elevation data of a lower metric quality.

In India, there is an increasing demand for DEM and its derivatives from users. The requirements are

highly variable: they range from coarse resolution DEMs for draping satellite da ta fly through simulations

and, at the other end, a fine DEM that enables applications like line-of-sight. Priorities for most users

seem to be: full coverage, reliability ease-of-use, and off-the-shelf availability. A segment of

applications (like city modeling) demand custom-made DEMs that include surface details, and

structural data.

There is considerable urgency, to generate a base line DEM product at national level and make it

available to RS & GIS and mapping communities as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Considering

the huge effort involved in making the product for the vast stretches of the country, a moderate cost

immediate solution needs to be planned. The product, so generated, may be further fortified withterrain semantics in a phased manner.

Cartosat-1 is the first cartographic applica tion satellite in the IRS- series that has the stereo viewing

capability and provides the stereo pairs within the same pass. This has been possible with two identica

panchromatic cameras, mounted on the satellite to view the earth in two angles of 5deg (AFT

camera) and +26deg (Fore camera) in the plane of the orbit. Each camera has nadir resolution of

about 2.5meters and cover a swath of about 30km. The stereo pairs provide a base to height ratio of

about 0.6m and this gives a height resolution of about 4m. The satellite has been conceived and

realized with state of the art technologies and was launched into polar sun-synchronous orbit by PSLV

C6 launch vehicle on 5th May 2005. The satellite was established in the orbit and the imageries have

started coming from the very second day of the launch. The complex data processing and product

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generation systems were made ready for generating the products. From the products, with the height

information available, it is possible to generate absolute maps of 1: 25000 scale and thematic maps

upto better than 1:10000 scale. The applications of these products are in the areas of Cartography,

GIS, land use management, rural, town & urban planning, Construction activities of Dams, roads, rai

lanes, tanks, canals, etc., river interconnections, and also strategic applications.

Considering the above, this project has been proposed for creation of DEM at national level.

2. Project Objectives

The Department of Space (DoS) is committed to meeting the nations needs for current base

geographic data and maps. The objectives of the mission translate to providing current, accurate and

nationally consistent elevation information in spa tial domain derived from stereo data of CARTOSAT

satellite series. This can serve as a foundation for interpreting all geo-information and developing

derived data sets continuously. This is expected to be of immense help for RS&GIS applications

community across the country.

The CARTODEM set contains the following layers: Elevation and Orthoimage

The development of digital elevation models and digital ortho-imagery at 1:25,000 scale will provide a

level of detail and accuracy highly suitable for medium to large scale mapping and analysis.

The DEM product will be extremely useful in the GIS environment, providing a dependable base for

multiple corresponding theme layers and enabling terrain characterization with parameters like slope,

drainage network, watershed definition and contour maps. Topographic data are fundamental to

resource modeling and will be an essential element of the database.

This will be the first time in the country that this type of elevation information will be created for land

use and mapping application and therefore could be featured as a national model.

Benefits to the Stakeholders of CARTODEM Project

It is anticipated that the CARTODEM will be useful in a variety of ways. First, the models provide an

elevation reference of the existing topographic conditions. They will provide valuable information for

preparing land management plans, enforcing environmental regulation, identifying critical areas

within the watershed and developing inundation vulnerability maps.

Second, DEM product will be extremely useful in the GIS environment, providing a terrain model to

facilitate drainage network analysis, watershed demarcation, erosion mapping, contour generation

and quantitative analysis like volume-area calculation. Topographic data are fundamental to

watershed modeling and is a critical ingredient of the project.

Third, DEM will enable generation of ortho rectified images in the DP fac ility on operational basis. The

elevation profiles will help quantify the local displacements (due to relief), for further carrying out

geometric corrections. Other applications include scene simulation, fly through visualization and for

military application.

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The stakeholders of the Project are DoS users, State RS Centres, Research bodies, the industry,

international bodies, the academia etc.

The perceived applications are RS&GIS applications, base mapping, direct and primary NRDB layers;

environmental risk and hazard assessment modeling, what-if scenarios simulation; Utility mapping,

corridor analysis, reconnaissance surveys, project estimates, adherence to global standards; and

familiarization & exploitation of 3D information and many more.

The success of C ARTODEM Project needs to be evaluated after its implementation, by verifying the

above benefits have actually been realized.

Key Differentiators

CARTODEM Project will be implemented as one-time rigorous exercise to create this importantdatabase. Some of the differentiators are:

Development of DEM through photogrammetric approach;

Use of space-borne in-track stereo strips of length 500 km and beyond; Employ open standards so as to enable inter-operability; Induction of public-private partnership, in areas wherever it is feasible, to establish cost-

effective and tenable solutions, designed to be responsive to stakeholders; and

Adoption of a multi-layered approach to translate the needs into an outcome-based initiative.

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CARTODEM Specifications vis--vis SOI Elevation Data

FEATURE CARTODEM SOI

Process Satellite photogrammetry Aerial Photogrammetry

Information Ellipsoidal heights (WGS84) MSL heightsPlan reference WGS84 EverestHeights Surface heights (DSM)

(Bare-earth heights canoptionally be generated)

Bare-earth (DTM)

Strategy Mass points & breaklines Dynamic contouring, pointheights

Data collection Largely automatic ManualInstrumentation Indigenous software Analogue & semi-analytical

plotters

Heightaccuracy

8 m,yielding contours at of20m Interval;

7m if CI is 20m (general case);15m in high hills when 40-50mCI is adapted.1. Accuracy= 1/3rdof ContourInterval 2. 1:50 000 scale infoassumed.3. At 1: 25000, 10m contoursare drawn. However, Partialcoverage at this scale.

Plan accuracy 15m --

(12.5m is the reading error at1:50 000 scale)

Cell size 1 arc sec(~30m at equator);

NA

Coverage National NationalDEMgeneration

Direct, through image

matching;

Interpolated from digitization of

contours, points heights andother breaklines

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3. Implementation Methodology

Given the vast size and c omplexity of the task, it is proposed to implement the CARTODEM projec tthrough SST based autonomous DEM generation

The salient specifications of the product (as production goals) are summarized below:

ELEMENT Ca rtod em

Process Largely automaticStrategy No ZoningGCPs GCPL points covering the entire country

Software SST (modified)Height accuracyLE90

8 m(Contour Interval 20m)

Plan &Height reference WGS84 Elliposid

Plan accuracy CEP90 15m

Cell size 1 arc secSemantics Automatic extraction, interactive validation

Coverage NationalIndicative applications Slope, aspect, drainage maps, orthorectification upto

1:25000, GIS applications, fly-thru

3.1CARTODEM GENERATION

The objectives of the SSTS are: (1) model the orbit using the GCPL control points , (generate the DEM

and (3) to c reate a library of Triangulated Control Points (TCPs) for the entire country in stereo mode,

Stereo Strip Triangulation Software (SST)

In order to realize the CARTOSAT1 Mission goa ls, and corresponding requirements; Cartosat-1 Data

processing System (CDPS) has been configures along with Stereo Strip Triangulation Software (SSTS) as

one of its key software constituents. SSTS involves implementation of mathematical algorithms and

handling large volumes of satellite data in raster format, design and development of Graphical User

Interface (GUI) and database related application. SSTS has a mix of iterative and automaticcomputing components and requires balancing of I/O intensive and computation-intensive activities.

The objectives of SST system are recalled here:

Creation of library of Triangulated Control Points (TCPs) for entire country in stereo mode

Generation of coa rse resolution DEM for individual segments of various stereo passes

Refinement of satellite orientation parameters

A user-friendly GUI and Scheduler

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SSTS Specification

No. of passes for a day 1 long path or 2 small paths (over India)

Pass length (long pass) Max 3,000 km approx

Segment Length 500 km (may vary)

No. of Segments 6 (for non-cloudy pass of 3,000 km length)

No. of GCPs required 15-20 per segment (Minimum 6 distributed controls)

Two essential stagesprecede the production of the DEM.

Stage 1: SSTS software enhancements (MSST)

SSTS needs to be enhanced for increased matching speed through data parallelism on multi-cpu

machine.

Necessary s/w tools for joining (mosaicing) the DEMs, organizing the tiles In the national frame,

subsetting the DEM depending on map tile extents, and any other modules required to realize the

product will be delivered to the production facility by Space Applications Centre.

Benchmarking of the software and system using Cartosat data will have to be completed within 1month after the establishing the Production Facility. A detailed operators manual from the s/w

developers is essential for commencing the production.

The benchmarking process is outlined in the Annexures.

Stage 2: GCPL adequacy

Presently, under GC PL project about 60 % of the geographic area is surveyed for establishing the

control network using DGPS technique. It is presumed that entire country including the coastline,

boundary regions, the north-eastern states will be surveyed and the GCPL will be refined to reflect the

control data of 100% nationa l coverage. This means that the gap areas need to be filled with priority.

By the GCPL Project.

The deliverablesinclude:

DEM tiles extents of 1 squa re degree

Corresponding orthoimage at 1:25000 scale map extents

Archives include metadata like triangulated check point accuracy for plan and height).

The DEM and orthoimage are to be mosiaced for seamless completeness wherever required.

The applications include 20m contouring, ortho at 1:25000 scale extents, fly-through, slope, aspec t

maps.

The SSTS outputs (the EO parameters, RAD files) form inputs to CARTODEM Fac ility. These are to be

accessed from existing SST system through backup till the fibre connectivity is established.

4.0 MANPOWER

1. Departmental: Necessary scientific manpower of the Department will be identified and

redeployed to form a team to rea lize the Product.

2. 3 programmers (2 for 5 month duration for MSST development and the third for 12 months)

3. 4 J RFs / Research Assoc iates will be recruited for the Projec t duration.

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5.0 Work Components

1. Overall Project management, coordinationProduction manual, QC Guidelines, Archival Strategy, Work Allocation, Data Distributionto WorkCentres (NodalCentre)

2. Data ingest

3. DP Software (SSTS)Augmentation, Benchmarking, Operations Manual (SAC )

4. DP software (COTS)Proc urement, Proc ess Customisation (NodalCentre)

5.Control NetworkCompleting the GCPL for entire country (GCPL Project)

6. DEM Production: Inputs from existing SST will be transferred to CARTODEM facility, DEM is

generated through Modified SST (MSST), breaklines are automatica lly collec ted, and validatedinterac itively.

7. Comprehensive QC by the Project QC Team

8. Post-processing (like mosaicing, compressing and archiving)

9.Financial Management

10. Policy Guidance by the MC / PMB.

Role of the Contributing Centres (SAC/RRSSCs/NRSA)

To procure the systems and establish the facilityTo develop project implementation planTo suggest criteria for evaluation of the deliverablesTo provide handholding support to the work-centres.To archive the products after quality verification.To enhance the SSTS to meet the time goals of the Project;Project Management of the designated work-component at WorkCentres.

6. Time Goals

CARTODEM to be realized in O year; subject to the availability of cloud-free data.

Schedule (Quarter-wise)

Activity Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 & Q5

Systems Procurement

Data procurement

Benchmarking

Production

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7. Product Specifications

The following table provides the product specifications of CARTODEM projec t.

DEM Specifications

Posting Interval 1 arc-second (~30m at equator)Datum WGS-84 Ellipsoid

Plan accuracy CEP90 15m

Height accuracy LE90 8m (surface heights)Orthoimage Specifications

Spacing 2 metre

Datum WGS-84 Ellipsoid

Plan accuracy CEP90 15m

Projec tion As per NNRMS standard

8. Project Management

An appropriate inter-centre project team will be identified to execute the project. A CARTODEM- Project Management Board will be constituted to oversee the project

implementation including progress monitoring, budget, inter-centre related activities etc. The overall policy guidance will be provided by NRR-MC

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9. Facility Definition

The broad requirements are tabulated here. SSTS Development Team desires to have a replica of high-end production systems (SSTS operations) at SAC also, to support the produc tion facility.

To optimize the use of resources like mass storage, peripherals, it is planned to configure the systems at

one single place.

The high performance servers are meant for executing the compute and i/o intensive DEM matchingusing the MSST software.

The photogrammetric workstations are for data import, pre-processing, photogrammetric operations,qua lity checks, and post-processing. Two of them will be located at RRSSCs for DEM generation.

System Requirement for CARTODEM FACILITY

(For Production, Quality Checks,, Post-processing operations; all co-located at NDC)

Sl.No. Item Description Quantity Cost Inlakhs

1. High Performance Servers(2 for DEM Computing and 1 for prototyping) 3 Nos. 300

2. Development Workstations 4 No. 12

3. Graphics visualization servers 4 no. 504. 10 TB Network Attached Storage

(NAS)/SAN/ Unified storage1 No. 70

5. I/O Server 1 No. 126. 24 PORT 10/100/1000 Mbps Auto sensing , etc 1 set 57. 400 / 800 GB capacity LTO3 based Tape

Library, backup software, media for backups.2 Nos. 16

8. Photogrammetric workstations 3 Nos. 129. IP + DPWS software

(1 license on network and 2 for RRSSCs)3 Nos. 30

10. A0 Size Raster plotter with UV Printing & A3 sizeLaserjet Printer

1 No. 16

12. Wall mounted stereo display unit with attachedDesktop system for DEM editing

1 No. 12

13. Compression softwa re 1 no. 414. Other consumables, peripherals, etc 18

Total (in lakhs) 557

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10. Budget

Cost Elements for CARTODEM Activity

S.No. Acti vity Details Unit rate(Rs.)

Qty Total (Rs.)in Lakhs

1 GCPs # 6600 500 33.00

2 Systems cost (as listed in the Table) 557.00

3 Cost of s/w maintenance for 2 yrs.(incl compression) 300000 4 12.00

4 Cost of h/w maintenance for 2 yrs. 10% p.a. 111.40

5 Manpower cost(4 JRFs/Sci.Assts + 4programmers 19.36

Sub Total 713.40

Project Management@10% except on Data 71.34

Project Cost ( in lakhs) 784.74

# To cater for uneven distribution of GCPs, if any.10% project managementData cost is not included.

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Annexure -I

Detailed Specifications of the Systems listed in the Table:

1. HIGH PERFORMANCE SERVER (HPS) Qty. 3INTEL XEON @ 2,0 GHz OR Intel Itanium 2 @ 1.6 GHzNumber of Processors : 16

RAM : 32 GBINTEGRATED ETHERNET PORT,SCSI ADAPTER,INTEGRATED DUAL CHANNEL WIDE ULTRA3 COMPATIBLERAID CONTROLLER WITH 512 MB CACHE, RAM 1 GBWIDE ULTRA 320 COMPATIBLE SCSI DRIVE CAGE (WITH FAN)

TWO HOT PLUGGABLE POWER SUPPLIES,HOT PLUGGABLE REDUNDANT FAN,HDD : SCSI or FC-AL 15 K rpm 146 GB minimum SixExternal RAID Tower with 1 TB capacityConsol 17 CRT with keyboard and Mouse

Tower modelI/O Devices : CDROM

PCI Slots : minimum FiveIntend end Use: 2 of the m w ill be for MSST op erat ion a nd the third for prototyp ing a t SAC .

2. DEVELOPMENT WORK STATIONS ( DWS)- Qty. 4PROCESSOR: INTEL PENTIUM IV / Xeon @ 3.8 GHz OR BETTER,1GHz front side bus; MEMORY : 1 GB DDR1-400 ECC RAM ; Integrated dual channel Ultra 320 controller; 3 x 146GB Ultra 320, 10Krpm HDD ;Combo (CD RW & DVD R) drive; Integrated G igabit Ethernet ; USB 2.0 /PS/2 keyboard and optica lmouse ; 22 CRT/LCD Flat panel monitors ; Windows XP Professional edition.; Linux Red Hat ES 3.0 froW/SInte nd ed Use: Fo r d ev elop ing / sup p ort ing MSST, ABL softw a re, a nd rela ted to ols.

3. Graphic Visualisation Software (GWS)- Qty. 4

PROCESSOR: INTEL PENTIUM IV / Xeon @ 3.8 GHz OR BETTER,1GHz front side bus; MEMORY : 1 GB DDR1-400 ECC RAM ; Integrated dual channel Ultra 320 controller;High-end graphics card (stereo-ready),Windows XP Professional edition.; Linux Red Hat ES 3.0 fro W/SIntend ed Use: For autom at ic b rea kline e xtra c t ion, val id at ion

4. NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE (NAS)Storage Capacity : minimum 10 TB, RAM : 2 GB; Multiple RAID controller for maximum I/Operformance; SCSI / FC-AL HDD with 15 K rpm; Minimum two RAID controller with minimum 1 GB RAM;Network Optimized Operating system; Intel based NAS processor preferred; Dual 1 GB NIC; Rackmounted NAS system with rack; Dual Power supply

5. INPUT OUTPUT SERVERS (IOS)- Qty. 1Intel Xeon 2 Processors 3.2 GHz; RAM : 4 GB; Operating System : Linux / Windows XPDisplay Monitor :22 Stereo ready CRT ;Graphic Card :256 MB RAM (WILDCAT/ NVIDIA)73 GB/146 GB SCSI / FC-AL Hard Disk 15K RPM four unitWIDE ULTRA 320 COMPATIBLE SCSI DRIVEHardware RAID controller with 1 GB RAMIntegrated Gigabit Ethernet dual portUSB 2.0/ SCSI ports; Keyboard and Optical mouse with scrollI/O Devices :CD ROM; CD WriterDVD RW driveSDLT; 3.5 Floppy

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4MM DAT Drive; External SCSI Hard Disk 146 GBBlue Ray diskLinux Operating System ES 3.0

8. Photogramemtric workstations - 3

Dual Intel Xeon processors @ 3.2GHz processor; 1GHz front side bus

4GB DDR1-400 ECC RAM expandable to 16GB; Integrated dua l channel Ultra 320 controller with RAID3 x 146GB Ultra 320, 15Krpm HDD in RAID 0 or 1; 16X DVD ROM drive; 16X DVD+1-RW dual layer;Wildcat rea lizm 800 with 640 MB RAMIntegrated G igabit Ethernet; 700watts power supply; USB/PS/2 keyboard and optical mouse22 CRT and L1955 19 Flat panel monitors (dual monitors)Windows XP Professional edition.IR Emitter & Glasses; Photogrammetric MouseInte nd ed Use: 1 of them w ill b e a t PF for QC a nd the rest for loc a t ing a t RRSSCs.

9. Photogrammetric (IP + DPWS) Software Suite Qty. 3RPC model support, DoS recognized COTS;Inte nd ed Use: 1 of them w ill b e a t PF for QC a nd the rest for loc a t ing a t RRSSCs.

10. Printer/plotterA3 size Laserjet Printer(384 MB RAM, internal HD, 1200-2400 DPI, PostScript capability with TracerA0 Size Raster plotter with UV PrintingInte nd ed Use: Fo r o rtho p rint ing, Rep o rt g en era t ion .

11. Wall mounted stereo display unit with attached Desktop system Qty. 1Inte nd ed use: for DEM ed it ing, la rg e-a rea visua lisa t in.

12. Compression software for lossless coding and archiving - Qty. 1Intend ed Use: For c om p ressing the Orthoima ge s for ef fec t ive storag e a nd d issem ina t ion.

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Appendix-II

Storage Estimates

Number of 1:25 000 mapsheets: 19540Orthoimage space in Mbytes: 19540 * 2bytes/pixel * 26000 * 26000/ (2*2) = 6 298 561 MB

DEM space: 19540 *450 seconds * 450 /(1*1) * 4bytes/posting = 15094 MB

Or total archival space ~ 7 TB

Working space = 3 TB

Total space = 10 TB per for CARTODEM

Hence, a lossless compression needs to be carried out for efficient archival and transmission.

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Appendix-III

Manpower costing for the project

Costing for deparmental manpower has not been included

4 JRFs/Scientific Assistant would be recruited for a period of 2years for the project.

3 programmers (2x5months +1x12months)

S.No.Activity Unit Rate Quantity TOTAL

1 JRFs/Scientific Assistants 11000 96 1056000

2 Programmers 40000 22 880000

Manpower cost for the project (in Rs.) 1936000

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Appendix IV:Work-Components

Existing Cartosat DPS

SST Operations

(RAD files, Model parameters)

Modified SST (MSST)Automatic DEM Matching

Automatic Breaklines(ABL)

Post-processing

Time-composition,Mosaicing, tiling, etc.

GCPL

NAS operations

Archiving DEM, Orthoimage

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Benchmarking

It is mandatory that benchmarking is done to check/refine the product specs (and establish

the operational work-plan) before embarking on the productionisation of this national level

project.

The benchmarking mechanism and the schedules are documented here. The followingparameters (for minimum two areas covering the mixed terrain of forests, water, urban) are

suggested:

1. Extent of Each area: 1 square degree

2. Minimum and desired control points for triangulation

3. Triangulation ac curacy at the independent check points (at least twice the number of

control points): GCPs from GCPL database are to be sourced for this. In case of

inadequac y, fresh acquisition has to be initiated.

4. DEM matching speed (points/minute)

5. Breaklines (adequacy, and ac curac y)6. DEM evaluation (visual and quantitative).

7. DEM editing mechanism

8. DEM Mosaicing: geometric quality

9. Orthorectification: accuracy, seam (geometric and radiometric)

10. Time compositing

11.Total system time and elapsed time for the process

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Acknowledgments:

Following RSAM_MC recommendation, an inter-centre Study Team was constituted by Director,

NRSA in J an 2005. This team, after several intense deliberations, brought out a technica l

document. The inputs from terrain-specific case-studies form the backbone of this document.

On the recommendation of the Director, NRSA, a projectisation proposal is developed. These

proposals are presented to Chairman, ISRO by the Direc tor, NRSA. In addition, it was presented

to the IRS-P5 PMB by the Convenor of the Study Team. Based on the observations made by the

Chairman, a meeting was held in ISRO HQ, Bangalore to discuss the proposal. The meeting was

headed by Dr.V. J ayaraman and attended by Dr. PS Roy, Dr. P.K.Srivastava , Dr.J Krishnamurthy,

Dr.. S.S.Rao and Sri Murali Mohan. The report was presented, and deliberated for possible

refinements and optimizations. Consequently, a sub-committee was identified by the Direc tor,

EOS to incorporate the suggestions and finalise the proposal considering the post-launch

experiences. The sub-committee comprised of Sri B.Gopla Krishna, Dr.J Krishnamurthy, Dr.S.S.Rao,

Sri Murali Mohan with Dr.P.S.Roy as its Convenor. The suggestions/inputs of the participating

members are incorporated through a rigorous consultative process. In this endeavor, many

colleagues directly and indirectly participated/assisted:

Dr. V.J ayaraman, Director, EOSSri K.Kalyanaraman, GM, NRSADr. P.K.Srivastava, GD,SAC,Dr. Ajai, GD,SACDr. J .Krishnamurthy, ISRO HQ.Dr. S.S.Rao, RRSSC(N),Dr. Satish J ayanti, NRSASri. Vinod Bothale, RRSC(J )

Sri B.Gopala Krishna, SACSri B.Narender, NRSASri B.Sadasiva Rao, NRSASri B.Laxman, NRSADr. S.K.Pathan, SACDr. MV Ravi Kumar, NRSASri V.Raghu VenkataramanDr. R.Nand Kumar,SACSri Y.P.Rana,SACSri J oseph Arokiadas, GH,NRSA

Dr. N.Aparna, NDC,NRSAMs. Sailaja Nair, NDC, NRSADr. Kartikeyan, SACSri P.Krishnaiah. NRSASri Gagan Bansal, NRSASmt. T.J ayasydha,NRSADr. K.Venugopla Rao, NRSASri T.P.Srinivasan, SAC

h i i i i i i i f ll k l d d