PSCI 3109 Politics of Law and Morality: Fall 2016 1 of 29

CARLETON UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Thursdays 14:35 -­‐ 17:25

(404 Southam -­‐ please confirm on Carleton Central) Instructor: Dr. R. Jhappan Office: D697 Loeb Office Hours: Wednesdays 12:00-­‐14:00, Thursdays 12:00-­‐14:00 Tel: 613 520 2600, ext. 2788 Email: Radha.Jhappan@carleton.ca

Course Description

This theory-­‐focused course is intended to introduce students to the complex relationships between morality, politics (public policy), and law (regulation). The core of the course examines some of the major conceptual, analytical, and normative questions that animate the substantive issues covered later, including moral/ cultural relativism, secular moral theories (utilitarianism, Kant, natural law, and legal positivism), the public/private distinction, and the appropriate role of the state in moral regulation. As most societies base their collective moralities on religious foundations, there will be a brief examination of the moral values of five major world religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism). Thereafter, drawing predominantly upon the experience of Canada, but also of the United States and other jurisdictions, the course examines the ethics and the treatment in public policy and law of four of the following issues (to be chosen by the class): environmental ethics, non-­‐human animals, genetic engineering/ biotechnology, assisted reproductive technologies, poverty, torture, euthanasia/ assisted suicide, capital punishment, pornography, prostitution, and polygamy. The course takes a multicultural and multidisciplinary approach to the topics covered, examining moral philosophy, religion, political ideologies such as liberalism, feminism, and conservatism, legal theory and practice, and political/ policy studies. Through lectures, in-­‐class discussions, required readings, and written assignments, students will be able to: engage key moral theories and debates; analyze and evaluate different approaches to morality and law; better understand the history and development of laws and policies in the area of 'moral regulation'; appreciate the complexity of the issues involved in some of the key ethical debates prevalent in modern, technologically-­‐driven societies; and refine their reading, writing, research, critical, and analytical skills.

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Course Requirements Students must fulfil all course requirements in order to achieve a passing grade. Failure to hand in any assignment will result in a grade of F. Failure to write the final exam will result in a grade of ABS. FND (Failure No Deferred) is assigned when a student's performance is so poor during the term that they cannot pass the course even with 100% on the final examination. In such cases, instructors may use this notation on the Final Grade Report to indicate that a student has already failed the course due to inadequate term work and should not be permitted access to a deferral of the examination. Deferred final exams are available ONLY if the student is in good standing in the course. Students must complete each of the following components of the course in order to achieve a passing grade: 1 Critical Analysis (6 pages) 20% Due in class, October 20, 2016 1 Research Essay (12 pages) 35% Due in class, November 10, 2016 (with stamped,

self-­‐addressed envelope) 1 Scheduled final examination 45% (based on readings and lectures) (examination period December 10-­‐22) Grading Formula

A+ = 90+% A = 85-89% A- = 80-84%

EXCELLENT Excellence in: evidence of original thought; strong, clear, logical argument; research and use of sources; organization of material; and writing skills (including superior composition, no grammatical errors or typos; formal elements of essay structure such as introduction, body, conclusion, correctly formatted footnotes and bibliography)

B+ = 77-79% B = 73-76% B- = 70-72%

GOOD (above average)

Mastery of material and solid writing skills (i.e. good syntax, organization, structure, very few grammatical errors or typos)

C+ = 67-69% C = 63-66% C- = 60-62%

SATISFACTORY (average)

Clear understanding of material and adequate writing/organizational skills

D+ = 57-59% D = 53-56% D- = 50-52%

UNSATISFACTORY Limited understanding of material and/or deficient writing skills (i.e. awkward syntax and/or frequent grammatical and other errors)

F = 49 and below FAIL Inadequate work in several or all areas

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Selection of Lecture Topics Part 1 of this course focuses on sources of morality and explores such matters as religion, relativism, positivism, and natural law. However, the course is designed to give students some choice regarding the specific moral issues to be discussed in lectures and for the purposes of the examination. Therefore, during the first session (Jan. 7), the class collectively will choose a list of four substantive topics; the results of the class choice will be announced by email and in class on Jan. 14. Critical Analysis - 20% - Due in class (and via CuLearn by 4:00 p.m.) October 20, 2016 Your critical analysis must be 8 double-­‐spaced (numbered), typed pages in 12 point Times New Roman font with one-­‐inch margins. Read the five debates on moral/cultural relativism in Stephen Satris, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES, 4th edition, Part 1, "Fundamental Issues in Morality" in Part 1 of the course (available as a pdf. on cuLearn):

1. Is morality relative to culture? 2. Are there moral facts? 3. Is morality subjective? 4. Is morality grounded in religion? 5. Do the ends justify the means?

Choose one of the first four debates (i.e. not the 5th as we will be covering utilitarianism later). Provide a short summary or ‘abstract’ of each side of the debate to identify the theoretical perspective/approach taken, the overall arguments, and conclusions. Compare and contrast the two author’s main arguments, particularly their views of the existence, source and purpose(s) of morality. What are the similarities in their approaches? Would they agree on any particular points? How do their views differ? Are the differences significant? If so, in what way/why? Can the two approaches be reconciled with one another, or are they fundamentally opposed? Which approach is the more compelling, in your view? Though you need not answer all of the following questions directly, think about them as you craft your critical analysis as they will help you uncover the strengths and weaknesses of your chosen articles:

• What is the problematic each piece addresses? • What is each author’s purpose in writing this text? What do you think he wants to

accomplish? Put it into your own words.

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• Who is the author and is his own social profile at all significant ré what he is saying and why he is saying it?

• Is the piece argued strongly or poorly, and according to what criteria? • Does the author provide sufficient background information to support the argument? • Are opinions presented as if they are facts? • Does the author oversimplify complex ideas or make unsupported generalizations? • Were any important pieces of information left out? • Does the author represent the ideas of others fairly and accurately? • Does the author appeal to prejudice or fear? If so, how? • Does the author present a balanced picture of the issue? • Does the author 's language, tone, or choice of examples reveal any biases? If so, do the author's biases reduce his credibility? • Was the overall argument convincing? Why, or why not?

Although this is a think-­‐piece rather than a research essay, it is highly recommended that you read one or two other articles on related themes from Part 1 of the course outline (e.g. Stephen Satris’ “Student Relativism” and Horace Miner’s "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema") to give you a sense of alternative approaches and in order to help you evaluate each author’s argument. Take the time to really think about what is intellectually provocative for you about the articles. The purpose of this assignment is to encourage you to engage thoughtfully with the readings, to take notes on what you read, and to be aware of different approaches to moral/ethical issues. This exercise also helps you to sharpen your reading comprehension and critical thinking skills.

Research Essay - 35% - Due in class (and on

CuLearn by 4:00 p.m.) November 10, 2016 The research essay, 12 double-­‐spaced, typed, numbered pages in 12 point Times New Roman font with one-­‐inch margins, will be an analysis of one of the following controversial public policy issues that have recently been a matter of constitutional challenge, subsequent policy response, and probably renewed constitutional challenge in Canada:

Choose either: § Prostitution: in Dec. 2013 the Supreme Court of Canada struck down certain sections of the Criminal Code as violations of Charter rights in the Bedford decision. The Harper government subsequently introduced new legislation to criminalize the purchase rather than the sale of sex (Bill C-­‐36, Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act, 2014)

Or § Medical assistance in dying: in Feb. 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the

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prohibition in the Criminal Code in the Carter decision, giving the government one year to pass new legislation that respects the Charter rights of those seeking physician-­‐assisted dying. The newly elected Trudeau government’s response, Bill C-­‐14 (June 2016), creates exemptions from various Criminal Code provisions to allow for medical assistance in dying

The purpose and focus of the assignment is to assess the relationship(s) between the theoretical approaches to morality (covered in the first section of the course) and the law/public policy in the specific policy field in the Canadian context. Your essay should be organized on the following basic structure: 1. Provide a brief analysis of the law/ Criminal Code section that was struck down. Briefly outline the moral issues surrounding your chosen area of public policy. What makes it a “moral” issue in particular? To which, if any, of the theoretical/ secular theories (moral/cultural relativism, utilitarianism, Kant, natural law, legal positivism, etc.) or religious approaches to morality covered in the first part of this course did the law most closely conform? How so? 2. Provide a brief analysis of the Supreme Court’s decision. To which, if any, of the theoretical/ secular or religious approaches to morality covered in the first part of this course did the legal decision most closely conform? How so? We are looking for plausible applications based on the reasoning and historical context, rather than conclusive ‘proof’ that a given law/policy or legal decision was consciously and deliberately based on a particular theoretical approach. 3. To which, if any, of the theoretical/ secular or religious approaches to morality covered in the first part of this course did the legislative response (Bill C-­‐36 or Bill C-­‐14) most closely conform? How so? 4. Each of these acts is likely to be challenged under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. What, in your view, is the best approach to public policy in the area given the various competing considerations and interests involved? You should check statutes either currently before or passed by Parliament (Criminal Code); the relevant constitutional cases decided at the Supreme Court of Canada level [see sites such as http://scc.lexum.org/en/index.html; http://www.scc-­‐csc.gc.ca/home/index_e.html; or http://www.canada.justice.gc.ca/); and secondary scholarly analyses in journals and books.

A good argument will be supported by sound secondary academic books and journal articles (at least 6), as well as a number of primary sources (bills, government papers/reports, position papers by interest groups etc.). Read materials in the sections in the course outline on the relevant topic. DO NOT use Wikipedia or other questionable Internet sources. You have limited space, so address the core substantive issues and avoid getting lost in the weeds of the regulatory and administrative details.

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The essay must follow the recognized format in the citation of sources and bibliographic form. A document entitled “Essay Tips” is on CuLearn; it is required reading. You will be penalized for avoidable errors, so read it carefully.

If you need help with writing, please make use of the free writing tutorial service offered by the university. Note that general criteria that will influence grading include thesis statement (your main argument), organization of the material, use of evidence, development of argument, quality of research, number and appropriateness of bona fide sources actually used and cited in the text, spelling, grammar, footnote and bibliographic citation formats, and general presentation. Submission and Return of Term Work Both the critical analysis and the research essay must be submitted in two ways: (1) an electronic copy submitted via CuLearn by 4:00 p.m. on the due date. This will eliminate a variety of problems by proving that the work in question was completed and submitted on time. The electronic copy is only for purposes of time/ date and version verification and does not eliminate the need to submit a hard copy – see below. Failure to submit an electronic copy will result in a grade of F for that assignment.

(2) a hard copy that is identical to that submitted by CuLearn must be handed in to the instructor in class on or before the due date. The instructor WILL NOT print out essays under any circumstances, and the electronic copy WILL NOT be accepted in lieu of the hard copy. The hard copy will be marked and returned graded to students. Failure to hand in a hard copy will result in a grade of F for that assignment, and thus a grade of F for the course. As noted above, a hard copy of each of your papers must be handed directly to the instructor in class or during office hours on (or before) the due date. It is the date/time of receipt of the hard copy that determines whether your essay is on time or late. Late assignments (hard copy submitted after 4:00 p.m. on the due date) may be deposited in the department drop box in the corridor outside B640 Loeb. Assignments will be retrieved every business day at 4 p.m., stamped with that day's date, and then distributed to the instructor. This system is not foolproof – it is not our administrator’s job to deliver your work to your professor, so be aware that you submit late papers at your own risk. Please attach a stamped, self-­‐addressed envelope (with sufficient postage) so that your assignment can returned by mail as soon as it is ready. Papers submitted without a stamped, self-­‐addressed envelope will not necessarily be returned until the final examination. Final exams are intended solely for the purpose of evaluation and will not be returned. Please note the following:

• Essays sent by fax to the Department of Political Science will not be accepted.

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• Papers emailed to the Instructor, TAs, or the Department will not be accepted. • DO NOT put on-­‐time essays in the instructors’ or TA’s mailboxes. Essays placed in

mailboxes may be considered late, as instructors are not necessarily on campus every day. • Papers that are dropped off after 4:00 p.m. will be date stamped for the next day and will

be considered late. • DO NOT put essays under Instructors’ door under any circumstances. They may be filed in

the trash by the cleaning staff. • There is no penalty for submitting/handing in essays before the due date. • The Undergraduate Calendar states: “To obtain credit in a course, students must meet all

the course requirements for attendance, term work and examinations”. A grade of ‘F’ will be assigned where term work is incomplete.

• Subject to earlier course deadlines, no term assignment submitted after the last day of classes (December 9, 2016) will be accepted.

It is NOT acceptable to hand in the same assignment for more than one course. Late Paper Policy You may have an extension automatically. However, marks will be deducted for late submissions at the rate of one third of a letter grade per day e.g. B+ to B, with weekends counting as two days. If you have serious extenuating circumstances that would warrant an extension without penalty (such as illness or death in the family), medical documentation detailing the extent of your incapacitation is required: i.e. the medical note need not record your diagnosis, but it must tell me what you are consequently unable to do, e.g. cannot write, see, etc. However, you MUST inform me before the due date. I am under no obligation to accept a late paper unless it has been cleared with me ahead of time. If you cannot contact me in person or by telephone, leave a message on my Voice-­‐mail at 520 2600, ext. 2788. Retroactive extensions will not be granted. Therefore, you are strongly advised to begin early so that you can get sources from the library (and help if you need it). You should aim to complete your paper a few days before the deadline. This will give you time to handle computer, printer, and other problems. You MUST keep a hard copy of your paper as well as an electronic file. As the Instructor may require students to pass a brief oral examination on the research essays (see the section on 'Plagiarism' below), you should keep all notes, outlines, working drafts, hard disk files, floppy disks and other research materials at least until you have received your final official grade for the course. Final Examination - 45% The final examination is to be scheduled by the Registrar any time from December 10-­‐22. If you are not going to be available during the formal examination period, do not take this course. All requests for deferrals must be channeled through the Registrar’s Office according to the formal process.

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The 3-­‐hour final examination will consist of two sections: one is a short-­‐answer or mini-­‐essay section in which students will be required to define, contextualize, assess the significance, and give examples where possible of a number of key terms or concepts covered in the course; the other is an essay section in which students will be required to answer two questions. N. B. Examination questions will be based on both readings and lectures, so students are strongly advised to attend all lectures.

Approval of final grades Standing in a course is determined by the course instructor subject to the approval of the Faculty Dean. This means that grades submitted by an instructor may be subject to revision. No grades are final until they have been approved by the Dean. Plagiarism The University Senate defines plagiarism as “presenting, whether intentional or not, the ideas, expression of ideas or work of others as one’s own.” This can include: • reproducing or paraphrasing portions of someone else’s published or unpublished material,

regardless of the source, and presenting these as one’s own without proper citation or reference to the original source;

• submitting a take-­‐home examination, essay, laboratory report or other assignment written, in whole or in part, by someone else;

• using ideas or direct, verbatim quotations, or paraphrased material, concepts, or ideas without appropriate acknowledgment in any academic assignment;

• using another’s data or research findings; • failing to acknowledge sources through the use of proper citations when using another’s

works and/or failing to use quotation marks; • handing in "substantially the same piece of work for academic credit more than once

without prior written permission of the course instructor in which the submission occurs. Plagiarism is a serious offence that cannot be resolved directly with the course’s instructor. When an instructor suspects a piece of work has been plagiarized, the Associate Deans of the Faculty conduct a rigorous investigation, including an interview with the student. Penalties are not trivial. They include a mark of zero for the plagiarized work or a final grade of "F" for the course. Students should be especially careful about full citation of sources downloaded from the Internet. For greater clarity, see the "Essay Tips" document on CuLearn and the Undergraduate Calendar. For their own protection, all students are required to keep a complete dossier of their notes, rough drafts, research materials (other than returnable library books) and a hard copy of their final draft, as well as computer files as records of ‘dates created’ and ‘dates modified’ for essay files. Failure to keep such materials could result in a failing grade.

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Oral Examination: At the discretion of the instructor, students may be required to pass a brief oral examination on research papers and essays.

Copyright and Academic Integrity Classroom teaching and learning activities, including lectures, discussions, presentations, etc., by both instructors and students, are copy protected and remain the intellectual property of their respective author(s). All course materials, including PowerPoint presentations, notes made available by instructors via CuLearn or any other means, outlines, and other materials, are also protected by copyright and remain the intellectual property of their respective author(s).

Students registered in the course may take notes and make copies of course materials for their own educational use only. Students are not permitted to reproduce or distribute lecture notes and course materials publicly for commercial or non-­‐commercial purposes without express written consent from the copyright holder(s).” CuLearn Email Accounts All registered students should have an email account through the CuLearn system. I will be using the CuLearn service to post electronic versions of course readings, as well as to make announcements and convey course-­‐related information. Students are responsible for checking their CuLearn email accounts frequently for such information. Please do not send substantive questions relating to course material via email. If you have questions, please see me during office hours. Use of Laptops and other electronic devices during lectures You may use a laptop for the purpose of taking notes, but please be aware that the use of laptops and other electronic devices can be distracting, both for yourself and for those around you. Please read: Michael Oliveira, “Students' use of laptops in class lowers grades: Canadian study”, Ottawa Citizen,15/08/13: http://www.ottawacitizen.com/technology/Students+laptops+class+lowers+grades+Canadian+study/8788540/story.html

Please SWITCH OFF or destroy other electronic devices such as cell phones, ipods, tablets etc.

Presence is a course requirement!

Conduct of the Class This course addresses sensitive and controversial moral, political, and social issues through a

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variety of approaches. These matters have been vigorously debated for many years, and are bound to give rise to disagreement. Carleton’s Student Rights and Responsibilities Policy states that: “The University requires tolerance, civil conduct, and respect for the rights of others. It endeavours to provide a safe environment, conducive to personal and intellectual growth, which is not only free of discrimination, injustice and violence but is also characterized by understanding, respect, peace, tolerance, trust, openness and fairness. Membership in the University community entails certain rights and responsibilities, including an obligation to deal ethically and fairly with other members and to not discriminate or harass. All members of the University community share responsibility for ensuring that the University’s educational, work and living environments respect these commitments”.

Incivility, disrespectful, discriminatory, harassing, or disruptive communication and/or conduct will not be tolerated.

Official Course Outline The course outline posted to the Political Science website is the official course outline.

Please note that by choosing to take this course, you are agreeing to all of the above requirements and conditions. It is your responsibility to make sure you have read the entire course outline carefully, and to submit deliverables on time via the methods specified above.

Reserved Readings

There is no textbook to be purchased for this course. Instead, the items listed under topic headings below are on reserve. You will find them in cuLearn under “Library: View Course in Ares”. The library will not place government documents on reserve, so you should look for them in the Documents Division on the second floor of the library under the call number I have provided.

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As I do not wish to use valuable class time imparting factual data, I may make certain lecture notes/overhead materials available on CuLearn, with the proviso IF CLASS ATTENDANCE IS CONSISTENTLY HIGH. The notes are NOT a substitute for class attendance – you will not be able to understand the context and meaning of the notes without the explanations and discussion offered during lectures. So if you choose not to attend class, you are choosing not to have the notes made available, for yourself and everyone else. The data in these notes have been compiled from many different sources over years. These notes are my personal property: you are welcome to print them for your own use in this course, but for no other purpose. You will notice that multiple readings are listed for each topic covered in this course. Required readings are marked with an asterix (*) and are in purple. Other materials listed under each topic are there as supplemental readings for those who are interested in pursuing further reading, and they will provide good starting points for your research essays. I have generally listed chapters from the required texts first, so these should be treated as compulsory. Obviously, the more you read, the better prepared you will be for examinations and research papers. Topics are not listed by calendar weeks, nor will equal lecture time necessarily be devoted to each. Some sections may take more lecture time than others, and the Instructor reserves the right to delete certain topics, subject to time constraints.

Part 1: Sources of Morality, Relativism, Religion, Philosophy

MORAL/ CULTURAL Relativism

* Stephen Satris, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES, 4th edition, Part 1, "Fundamental Issues in Morality" (a series of five debates) Judith A. Boss, ed. PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS, (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1998): • * Stephen Satris, “Student Relativism”: 51-­‐54 • * Ruth Benedict, “A Defense of Cultural Relativism”: 62-­‐66 • * Ibn Khaldun, “The Muqaddimah”: 67-­‐70

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* Horace Miner, "Body Ritual among the Nacirema”, American Anthropologist, (1956) 58, 3: 503-­‐507 Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 11: • * David Wong, “Relativism”: 603-­‐609 • * Annette C. Baier, “The Need for More than Justice”: 610-­‐619

* Christine Koggel, ed., MORAL ISSUES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE I: MORAL AND POLITICAL THEORY, 2nd edition, (Peterborough: Broadview, 2006): • Egbeke Aja, “Changing Moral Values in Africa: An Essay in Ethical Relativism”: 40-­‐48 • Margaret Urban Walker, “What Does the Different Voice Say?: Gilligan’s Women and

Moral Philosophy”: 523-­‐531 • Adamantia Pollis and Peter Schwab, “Human Rights: A Western Construct with Limited

Applicability”: 60-­‐71

John Arthur, ed., MORALITY AND MORAL CONTROVERSIES, 4th edition, (New Jersey: Prentice-­‐Hall, 1996):

• Editors, Harvard Law Review, “What’s Culture Got to Do with It?: Excising the Harmful Tradition of Female Circumcision”: 108-­‐116

Religious Sources of Morality (believers) * Paul Simms, “God’s Blog”, The New Yorker, Aug. 8, 2011 http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/08/08/gods-­‐blog * Donald M. Broom, THE EVOLUTION OF MORALITY AND RELIGION, (Cambridge U.P., 2003), ch, 5, “The Origins and Value of Religion”: 164-­‐193; “Conclusions”: 223-­‐229 * Ninian Smart, WORLDVIEWS: CROSSCULTURAL EXPLORATIONS OF HUMAN BELIEFS, 3rd ed., (New Jersey: Prentice-­‐Hall, 2000), ch. 6, “The Ethical Dimension”: 104-­‐117 * Lawrence S. Cunningham, John Kelsay et. al., THE SACRED QUEST, 2nd ed., (New Jersey: Prentice-­‐Hall, 1995), ch. 8, “Religion and Morality”: 131-­‐148 * David O’Connor, “Moral Relativism and the Euthyphro Dilemma”, THINK, 04/2016, v. 15, No. 42: 71-­‐78 Judith A. Boss, ed. PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS, (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1998): • Kai Nielsen, “Religious Ethics Versus Humanistic Ethics”: 154-­‐163

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Russ Shafer-­‐Landau, ed., ETHICAL THEORY: AN ANTHOLOGY, (Blackwell: Oxford, 2007): • Plato, “Euthyphro”: 240-­‐241 • William Lane Craig and Walter Sinnott-­‐Armstrong, “God and Objective Morality: a Debate”: 248-­‐252

Richard Dawkins, THE GOD DELUSION, (Bantam Press, 2006): Preface http://www.infoamerica.org/documentos_pdf/dawkins10.pdf Christopher Hitchens, GOD IS NOT GREAT: HOW RELIGION POISONS EVERYTHING, (Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 2007)

Vine Deloria, GOD IS RED, (Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Books, 1994), ch. 5, “The Problem of Creation”: 78-­‐97 Video: Frans de Waal: “Moral behavior in animals” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcJxRqTs5nk Video: “Sam Harris simply destroys Christianity” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcO4TnrskE0 Video: The Quran Project: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STz2FrpZnpw Video: Bible or Quran Experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCQ0svB0UUU ‘Western’ philosophies (‘Thinkers’) John Arthur, ed., MORALITY AND MORAL CONTROVERSIES, 4th edition, (New Jersey: Prentice-­‐Hall, 1996): • * Aristotle, “Nichomachean Ethics”: 30-­‐36 • * Thomas Hobbes, “Leviathan”: 37-­‐44 • * David Hume: “An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals”: 44-­‐54 • * Immanuel Kant, “The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals”: 55-­‐64 • * John Stuart Mill, “Utilitarianism”: 65-­‐73 • * Friedrich Nietzsche, “The Genealogy of Morals: An Attack”: 75-­‐82

Judith A. Boss, ed. PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICS, (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1998): • * Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from a Birmingham Jail, 1968”: 87-­‐91 • * Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, “Hitler’s Willing Executioners”: 80-­‐86

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* M. Ethan Katsh, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL LEGAL ISSUES, 4th edition, 1991, Introduction, "The Role of Law": xii-­‐xvii Nelson Mandela's First Court Statement, “Black Man in a White Court” – 1962: http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01600/05lv01624/06lv01625.htm

The Honourable Charles D. Gonthier, “Law and Morality”, (2003) 29 Queen's Law J: 408 – 423

Larry Alexander, “Judicial Review and Moral Rights”, (2007), 33 Queen's L.J. 1 – 17

Philip Soper, “In Defense of Classical Natural Law in Legal Theory: Why Unjust Law is No Law at All”, (2007) 20 Can. J. Law & Juris. 201 – 223

James Allan, “Positively Fabulous: Why it is Good to Be a Legal Positivist”, (1997) 10 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 231-­‐248 Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press, 2000.

Part 2: Applied Ethics

Environmental Ethics

David Schmitz and Elizabeth Willott, eds., ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: WHAT REALLY MATTERS, WHAT REALLY WORKS, 2nd edition (Oxford U.P., 2012): • Lynn White, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis”: 5-­‐10 • * Christopher Stone, “Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural

Objects”: 85-­‐89 • * David Schmidtz, “Are All Species Equal?”: 114-­‐121 • * Aldo Leopold, “The Land Ethic”: 124-­‐128 • Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-­‐Range Ecological Movement”: 129-­‐132 • Ramchandra Guha, “Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A

Third World Critique”: 145-­‐152 • * Karen J. Warren, “The Power and Promise of Ecological Feminism”: 157-­‐169 • V. Rukmini Rao, “Women Farmers of India’s Deccan Plateau Challenge World Elites”: 194-­‐

201 • * Vandana Shiva, “Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution, and Profit”: 217-­‐220 • * Martin Krieger, “What’s Wrong with Plastic Trees?”: 232-­‐243

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• Martha Nussbaum, “The Cost of Tragedy: Some Moral Limits of Cost-­‐Benefit Analysis”: 370-­‐386

• David Schmidtz, “A Place for Cost-­‐Benefit Analysis”: 387-­‐400 • Stephen M. Gardiner, “A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics

and the Problem of Corruption”: 547-­‐556 * Nicholas Low, ed., GLOBAL ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENT, (London: Routledge, 1999): • * Vandana Shiva, “Ecological Balance in an Era of Globalization”: 47-­‐69

Eldon Soifer, ETHICAL ISSUES: PERSPECTIVES FOR CANADIANS, 2nd edition, (Peterborough: Broadview, 1997): • P.S. Elder, “Legal Rights for Nature: the Wrong Answer for the Right(s) Question”: 98-­‐106

David R. Boyd, THE RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT: REVITALIZING CANADA’S CONSTITUTION, (U.B.C. Press, 2012), chs. 1, 7 Carolyn Egri, “Spiritual Connections with the Natural Environment: Pathways for Global Change”, Organization & Environment (1997), 10, 4: 407-­‐431 Christopher G. Framarin, HINDUISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS, (London: Routledge, 2014)

Michael S. Northcott, THE ENVIRONMENT AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS, (Cambridge U. P., 1996), ch. 2 “The Origins of the Environmental Crisis”, and ch. 5, “The Order of Creation” John A. Grim, ed. INDIGENOUS TRADITIONS AND ECOLOGY, (Harvard U. P., 2001) Vogel, David, “How Green is Judaism? Exploring Jewish Environmental Ethics”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 11, 2 (April 2001): 349-­‐63 Lynda M. Collins , “An Ecologically Literate Reading of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms”, (2009) 26, Windsor Review of Legal and Social Issues 26: 7

Non-Human Animals Canadian Criminal Code, sections 444-­‐447, “Cattle and Other Animals”, “Cruelty to Animals”

David Schmitz and Elizabeth Willott, eds., ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: WHAT REALLY MATTERS, WHAT REALLY WORKS, 2nd edition (Oxford U.P., 2012): • * Peter Singer, “All Animals are Equal”: 49-­‐59 • * Mark Sagoff, “Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce”: 59-­‐65 • Holmes Rolston III, “Values in and Duties to the Natural World”: 66-­‐84

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* Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 8, pp. 412-­‐415, and

• * Tom Regan, “Honey Dribbles Down Your Fur”: 430-­‐441 • * Jan Narveson, “Against Animal Rights”: 441-­‐445

Thomas A. Mappes and Jane S. Zembaty, eds., SOCIAL ETHICS: MORALITY AND SOCIAL POLICY, 4th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 1992): • * William F. Baxter, “People or Penguins”: 480-­‐485 • * Carl Cohen, “The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research”: 458-­‐466

John Arthur, MORALITY AND MORAL CONTROVERSIES, 4th edition, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996): • * Bonnie Steinbock, “Speciesism and the Idea of Inequality”: 137-­‐142

L. Coutellec and I. Doussan, “Legal and Ethical Apprehensions Regarding Relational Object. The Case of Genetically Modified Fish”; J Agric Environ Ethics (2012) 25: 861–875

Cass R. Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum, eds., ANIMAL RIGHTS: CURRENT DEBATES AND NEW DIRECTIONS, (Oxford U.P., 2004):

• C. Sunstein, “Introduction: What Are Animal Rights?”: 3-­‐14 • Lesley Rogers and Gisela Kaplan, “All Animals Are Not Equal: the Interface Between

Scientific Knowledge and Legislation for Animal Rights”: 175-­‐204 • Catharine McKinnon, “Of Mice and Men: A Feminist Fragment on Animal Rights”: 263-­‐

275 Andrew Brighten, “Aboriginal Peoples and the Welfare of Animal Persons: Dissolving the Bill C-­‐10B Conflict”, (2011) 10:1 Indigenous Law J. 39 – 72 Lyne Létourneau , “Toward Animal Liberation? The New Anti-­‐Cruelty Provisions in Canada and Their Impact on the Status of Animals”, (2003) 40 Alberta Law Review 1041-­‐

Robert Goodin, Carole Pateman, Roy Pateman, “Simian Sovereignty”, Political Theory (December 1997) 25 (6): 821-­‐849 Paul Marshall, “Does the Creation Have Rights?”, Studies in Christian Ethics (1993) 6 (2): 31-­‐49 John Sorenson, “‘Some Strange Things Happening in Our Country’: Opposing Proposed Changes in Anti-­‐Cruelty Laws In Canada”, Social and Legal Studies (2003) 12, 3: 377-­‐401 Christina G. Skibinsky, “Changes in Store for the Livestock Industry? Canada's Recurring Proposed Animal Cruelty Amendments”, (2005) 68 Sask. L. Rev. 173-­‐222

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Bob Torres, MAKING A KILLING: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ANIMAL RIGHTS, (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2007) Katherine Willis Perlo, KINSHIP AND KILLING: THE ANIMAL IN WORLD RELIGIONS, (New York: Columbia U.P., 2009)

Genetic Engineering/ Biotechnology

* Julie S. Bach, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS: OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS, (Greenhaven Press/ Nelson Canada, 1987), ch. 1, Sharon McAuliffe, "Is Genetic Engineering Ethical?": 16-­‐63 * Vandana Shiva, BIOPIRACY: THE PLUNDER OF NATURE AND KNOWLEDGE (Toronto: Between the Lines, 1997), Introduction and chs. 1, 2 * Steven Best and Douglas Kellner, “Biotechnology, Ethics, and the Politics of Cloning”, Democracy and Nature, 8, 3, 2002: 439-­‐465

Brian Tokar, ed. REDESIGNING LIFE?: THE WORLDWIDE CHALLENGE TO GENETIC ENGINEERING, (McGill-­‐Queen’s, 2001):

• * Marcy Darnovsky, “The Case Against Designer babies”: 133-­‐149 • * Alix Fano, “If Pigs Could Fly They Would: the Problems with Xenotransplantation”: 182-­‐

194 • * Sarah Seton, “If Cloning is the Answer, What Was the Question?”: 158-­‐170

Conrad G. Brunk and Sarah Hartley, eds., DESIGNER ANIMALS: MAPPING THE ISUES IN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, (U. of Toronto Press, 2012)

• Mickey Gjerris, “Animal Biotechnology: the ethical landscape”: 47-­‐69 Verna V. Gehring, ed., GENETIC PROSPECTS: ESSAYS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY, ETHICS, AND PUBLIC POLICY, (Rowman and Littlefield, Oxford, 2003):

• *David T. Wasserman, “My Fair Baby: What’s Wrong with Parents Genetically Enhancing their Children?”: 99-­‐110

J. Robert Loftis, “Germ-­‐Line Enhancement of Humans and Nonhumans”, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 15, 1 (2005): 57-­‐76 Jeremy Rifkin, THE BIOTECH CENTURY: HARNESSING THE GENE AND REMAKING THE WORLD (New York: Penguin-­‐Putnam, 1998), chs. 1, 3, 4 A. David Morrow & Colin B. Ingram, “Of Transgenic Mice and Roundup Ready Canola: The Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada in Harvard College v. Canada and Monsanto v.

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Schmeiser”, (2005) 38 U.B.C. Law Review 189 – 222 Heather McLeod-­‐Kilmurray, “An Ecofeminist Legal Critique of Canadian Environmental Law: the Case Study of Genetically Modified Foods”, (Feb. 2009) 26 Windsor Review of Legal and Social Issues 129

Ian Kerr and James Wishart, "A Tsunami Wave of Science": How the Technologies of Transhumanist Medicine are Shifting Canada's Health Research Agenda”, (2008) Health Law. J. 13 -­‐ 40 -­‐-­‐ Special Edition Thomas Moran, Nola M. Ries, and David Castle, “A Cause of Action for Regulatory Negligence? The Regulatory Framework for Genetically Modified Crops in Canada and the Potential for Regulator Liability”, (2009) University of Ottawa Law and Technology Journal 6:1&2 Shiri Pasternak, “Stories from Guatemala and North America: Why Indigenous Beliefs Matter in the Debate on Genetically Engineered Food”, (2006) 15 Health Law Rev. No. 1: 45 – 46

Timothy Caulfield, “Gene Patents, Human Clones, and Biotechnology Policy: the Challenges Created by Globalization”, (2003) 41 Alta. L. Rev. 713 – 724 LeRoy Walters, “Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: An Intercultural Perspective”, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 14, 1 (2004): 3-­‐38 Bernard Rollin, THE FRANKENSTEIN SYNDROME: ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE GENETIC ENGINEERING OF ANIMALS, (Cambridge UP, 1995): ch. 2 Priscilla Claeys, “The Creation of New Rights by the Food Sovereignty Movement: The Challenge of Institutionalizing Subversion”, Sociology (Oct. 2012), 46 (5): 844-­‐860 Sandra S. Awang, “Indigenous Nations and the Human Genome Diversity Project”. In George J.S. Dei, Budd Hall, and Dorothy G. Rosenberg, eds., INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES IN GLOBAL CONTEXTS (University of Toronto Press, 2000): 120-­‐136.

ASSISTED Reproductive Technologies

* Marcia C. Inhorn; Daphna Birenbaum-­‐Carmeli, “Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Culture Change”, Annual Review of Anthropology (October 2008), 37: 177-­‐196 * Julie S. Bach, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS: OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS, (Greenhaven Press/ Nelson Canada, 1987), ch. 3, "Should Limits be Placed on Reproductive Technology?": 95-­‐139

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* Toby L. Schonfeld, “Smart Men, Beautiful Women: Social Values and Gamete Commodification”, Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 23, 3, June 2003: 168-­‐173 * Yitzchok Breitowitz, “What's So Bad About Human Cloning?”, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12, 4 (2002): 325-­‐341 Jaime Ahlberg and Harry Brighouse, “An Argument Against Cloning”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 40, 4, December 2010: 539-­‐566 Gregory Pence, WHO’S AFRAID OF HUMAN CLONING? (Rowman and Littlefield: Oxford, 1998), chs. 8, 9

Angela M. Long, “Why Criminalizing Sex Selection Techniques is Unjust: An Argument Challenging Conventional Wisdom”, (2006) 14 Health L. J. 69 -­‐ 104

Ivor Bleiklei, Malcolm L. Goggin and Christine Rothmayr, eds., COMPARATIVE BIOMEDICAL POLICY: GOVERNING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, (London: Routledge, 2004) Canada, Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies (Ottawa: 1993):

• Overview of Legal and Ethical Issues in NRTs: Pregnancy and Parenthood, Research Studies, Vol. 4

• Proceed with Care: Final Report DOC CA1 Z1 89. ROI. ENG

Erin L. Nelson, “Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the United Kingdom and Canada (2006) 43 Alta. L. Rev. 1023 Karen Busby and Delaney Vun, “Revisiting the Handmaid's Tale: Feminist Theory Meets Empirical Research on Surrogate Mothers”, (2010) 26 Can. J. Fam. L. 13-­‐93 Colin Rasmussen, “Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act: Is it Scientific Censorship, or a Reasoned Approach to the Regulation of Rapidly Emerging Reproductive Technologies?”, (2004) 67 Sask. L. Rev. 97-­‐135 Satris, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES, "Is Surrogate Motherhood Wrong?": 226-­‐248

Poverty, the Right to Welfare and the Duty to Assist

* Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 7, “Poverty and the Right to Welfare”: 359-­‐409

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Satris, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES, 4th edition, “Do Rich Nations Have an Obligation to Help Poor Nations?” • * Peter Singer, “Rich and Poor”: 316-­‐323 • * Garrett Hardin, “Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor”: 324-­‐333

David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott, eds., ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: WHAT REALLY MATTERS, WHAT REALLY WORKS, 2nd ed. (Oxford U.P., 2002):

• * Mark Sagoff, “Do We Consume Too Much?”: 205-­‐221 • Gita Sen, “Women, Poverty, and Population: Issues for the Concerned

Environmentalist”: 187-­‐193 • Henry Shue, “Global Environment and International Inequality”: 394-­‐404 • * Holmes Rolston III, “Feeding People versus Saving Nature”: 404-­‐416

John Arthur, MORALITY AND MORAL CONTROVERSIES, 4th edition, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996): • * Robert Nozick, “The Entitlement Theory”: 253-­‐258

Satris, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES, 4th edition, “Does Society Have an Obligation to Care for the Less Well Off?”

• Irving Kristol, “Two Cheers for Capitalism”: 159-­‐165

Dale Jamieson, “Duties to the Distant: Aid, Assistance, and Intervention in the Developing World”, Journal of Ethics (March 2005), 9 (1-­‐2): 151-­‐170 • John Rawls, “A Theory of Justice”: 265-­‐275

Russ Shafer-­‐Landau, ed., ETHICAL THEORY: AN ANTHOLOGY, (Blackwell: Oxford, 2007): • Onora O’Neill, Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems”: 553-­‐564

Peter Singer, THE LIFE YOU CAN SAVE: ACTING NOW TO END WORLD POVERTY, (Random House, 2009)

Euthanasia/ assisted suicide Criminal Code sections: 14, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 229, 233, 239, 241, 245 * Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 1: 1-­‐55 * Satris, "Is Euthanasia Immoral?": 282-­‐295

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*Joanne Martel, “Examining the Foreseeable: Assisted Suicide as a Herald of Changing Moralities”, Social and Legal Studies (2001) 10, 2: 147-­‐170 * Canadian Medical Association, “End of Life Care: A National Dialogue”, (Beaconsfield, Quebec, 2014) Doug Surtees, “The Authorizing of Physician-­‐Assisted Death in Carter v. Canada (Attorney General)”, (2015) 78 Sask Law Rev 225 – 231 Barbara von Tigerstrom, “Consenting to Physician-­‐Assisted Death: Issues Arising from Carter v. Canada (Attorney General)”, (2015), 78 Sask Law Rev: 233 – 239 Diane Raymond, "Fatal Practices: A Feminist Analysis of Physician-­‐Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia”, Hypatia 14.2 (1999) 1-­‐25 Jocelyn Downie, “Dying Justice: A Case for Decriminalizing Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Canada”, (2005) 42 Alta. L. Rev. 1147 -­‐ 1149 Margaret Summerville, DEATH TALK: THE CASE AGAINST EUTHANASIA AND PHYSICIAN-­‐ASSISTED SUICIDE, 2nd edition (McGill-­‐Queen’s U.P., 2014): xxi-­‐xxxiv, 1-­‐9 Marlisa Tiedemann, EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES, (Library of Parliament, 2011) Susan M. Behuniak, “Death with ‘Dignity’: The Wedge that Divides the Disability Rights Movement from the Right to Die Movement”, Politics and Life Sciences, Spring 2011, 30, 1: 17-­‐29 K. Mitchell, “Physician commitment in end of life care: perspectives from New Zealand and the Netherlands”, Social Science & Medicine 59 (2004) 775–785 Michael Cormack, “Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the Post-­‐Rodriguez Era: Lessons from Foreign Jurisdictions”, (2000) 38 Osgoode Hall L.J. 591 – 641

Canadian HIV/AIDS Policy & Law Newsletter, “The Case for Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia”, Vol. 3, Nos. 2/3, Spring 1997 OF LIFE AND DEATH: REPORT OF THE SPECIAL SENATE COMMITTEE ON EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE, (Ottawa, June 1995): DDV CA1 YC2 94E712 Recommendations: ix-­‐xi ch. V, “Withholding and Withdrawal of Life-­‐sustaining Treatment”: 37-­‐46 ch. VI, “Advance Directives”: 47-­‐50 ch. VII, “ Assisted Suicide”: 51-­‐74 ch. VIII, “Euthanasia”: 75-­‐90

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Appendix D, “Chronology of Major Canadian Developments and Events”: A-­‐27-­‐32 Appendix L, “Summary of Relevant Canadian Court Decisions”: A-­‐69-­‐84 Appendix P, “Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Foreign Jurisdictions”: A-­‐149-­‐173

Carl B. Becker, "Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia", Philosophy East and West, v. 40/4, Oct. 1990

Prostitution

Criminal Code sections 210-­‐213, “Bawdy Houses”, “Offences in Relation to Offering, Providing, or Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration”; s. 286, “Commodification of Sexual Activity” * Sheila Jeffreys, THE INDUSTRIAL VAGINA: POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE GLOBAL SEX TRADE, (Routledge: New York, 2009), chs. I, 6, 8 * Max Waltman, “Sweden's prohibition of purchase of sex: The law's reasons, impact, and potential”, Women's Studies International Forum 34 (2011) 449–474 * John Lowman, “Submission to the Subcommittee on Solicitation Laws of the Standing Committee on Justice, Human Rights, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness”, 2006. Retrievable at: http://24.85.225.7/lowman_prostitution/HTML/SCJHPE/Submission_to_the%20Subcommittee_on_Solicitation%20Laws_Brief.pdf * Christine Overall, “What’s Wrong with Prostitution: Evaluating Sex Work”, Signs, Summer 1992: 705 Bedford v. Canada (Attorney General), [2012] O.J. No. 1296 Equality Rights Central, “Prostitution laws challenged in Ontario and British Columbia”: http://www.equalityrightscentral.com/canada_equality_rights_law.php?page=other&subtopic=Cases&id=20100928101058&doc=prostitution+challenge(final-­‐updated).htm Corinne E. Longworth , “Male Violence Against Women in Prostitution:Weighing Feminist Legislative Responses to a Troubling Canadian Phenomenon”, (2010) Appeal: Review of Current Law and Law Reform: 58 – 85 Graham Hudson* and Emily van der Meulen, “Sex Work, Law, and Violence: Bedford v. Canada and the Human Rights of Sex Workers”, (2013) 31 Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice: 115

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Doreen Duchesne, “Street Prostitution in Canada” (Juristat: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, 1997): http://dsp-­‐psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-­‐R/Statcan/85-­‐002-­‐XIE/0029785-­‐002-­‐XIE.pdf Christine Stark and Rebecca Whisnant , eds. NOT FOR SALE: FEMINISTS RESISTING PROSTITUTION AND PORNOGRAPHY (Spinifex: Melbourne, 2004):

• Sheila Jeffreys, “Prostitution as a Harmful Cultural Practice”: 386-­‐399 • Vednita Carta, “Prostitution and the New Slavery”: 85-­‐88 • Joe Parker, “How Prostitution Works”: 3-­‐14

Jo Doezema, “Forced to Choose: Beyond the Voluntary v. Forced Prostitution Dichotomy”, in Kamala Kempadoo and Jo Doezema, eds. Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition. (NY: Routledge, 1998): 34-­‐50. HQ111 .G56 Jo Doezema, “Sex Worker Rights, Abolitionism, and the Possibilities for a Rights-­‐based Approach to Trafficking”, Isis International, Wednesday, 03 January 2007. Retrievable at: http://www.isiswomen.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=381&Itemid=142 Melissa Farley, “Bad for the Body, Bad for the Heart: Prostitution Harms Women Even if Legalized or Decriminalized”, Violence Against Women (October 2004), 10 (10): 1087-­‐1125 Martin Monto, “Female Prostitution, Customers, and Violence”, Violence Against Women (February 2004) 10 (2): 160-­‐188 Report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights, “The Challenge Of Change: A Study Of Canada’s Criminal Prostitution Laws” (Ottawa, 2006): 5-­‐35, 71-­‐91. Retrievable at: http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2599932&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1

Pornography Criminal Code section 163, “Offences Tending to Corrupt Morals” * Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 4: 185-­‐233 * Rafael Behr, “Generation X-­‐Rated”, New Statesman, 3/ 15/2013,142, 5149: 28-­‐31 * Meagan Tyler, “Harms of Production: theorizing pornography as a form of prostitution”, Women’s Studies International Forum, 48, 2015: 114-­‐123

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* Catherine Itzin, ed., PORNOGRAPHY, WOMEN, VIOLENCE AND CIVIL LIBERTIES, (Oxford U. P., 1992):

• *Aminatta Forna, “Pornography and Racism: Sexualizing Oppression and Inciting Hatred”: 102-­‐112

• * Peter Baker, “Why Heterosexual Men Use Pornography”: 124-­‐144 • * Edna Einsiedel, "The Experimental Research Evidence: Effects of Pornography on the

'Average Individual'": 248-­‐283 • C. Itzin and C. Sweet, “Women’s Experience of Porn.”: 222-­‐235 • Liz Kelly, “Pornography and Child Sexual Abuse”: 113-­‐123 • Tim Tate, “The Child Pornography Industry”: 203-­‐216 • Michelle Elliott, “Images of Children in the Media: ‘Soft Kiddie-­‐Porn’”: 217-­‐221 • Ray Wyre, “Pornography and Sexual Violence: Working with Sex Offenders”: 236-­‐247 • James Weaver, “Social Science and Psychological Evidence”: 284-­‐309

Christine Stark and Rebecca Whisnant , eds. NOT FOR SALE: FEMINISTS RESISTING PROSTITUTION AND PORNOGRAPHY (Spinifex: Melbourne, 2004):

• Rus Ervin Funk, “What Does Pornography Say About Me(n)?: How I Became and Anti-­‐Pornography Activist”: 331-­‐351

Janine Benedet, “Pornography as Sexual Harassment in Canada”, in Reva B. Siegel, Catharine A. MacKinnon, eds., DIRECTIONS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT LAW, pp. 417-­‐436, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004): http://ssrn.com/abstract=1649107 Lorenne Clark, “Sexual Equality and the Problem of an Adequate Moral Theory: the Poverty of Liberalism”. In Wesley Cragg, CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 3rd ed. (Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson, 1992): 208-­‐215

Helen E. Longino, “Pornography, Oppression, and Freedom: a Closer Look”. In John Arthur, ed., MORALITY AND MORAL CONTROVERSIES, 7th edition, (New Jersey: Prentice-­‐Hall, 2005): 534-­‐540

Poly gamy Criminal Code section 293, “Polygamy” * Christina Murray, “Is Polygamy Wrong?”, Agenda (January 1994), 10 (22), pg. 37-­‐41 * Gregg Strauss, “Is Polygamy Inherently Unequal?”, Ethics (April 2012), 122 (3), pg. 516-­‐544 Margaret Denike, “The Racialization of White Man's Polygamy”, Hypatia (October 2010), 25 (4): 852-­‐874 Heather Johnson, “Special Collection: Seminar Papers On Women and Islamic Law: There Are Worse Things Than Being Alone: Polygamy in Islam, Past, Present, and Future”, Spring 2005, 11

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William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law 563 Michelle Chan, “Beyond Bountiful: Toward an Intersectional and Postcolonial Feminist Intervention in the British Columbia Polygamy Reference”, (2011) 16 Appeal: Review of Current Law and Law Reform 15-­‐30 Nicholas Bala, “Why Canada's Prohibition of Polygamy is Constitutionally Valid and Sound Social Policy” (2009) 25 Canadian Journal of Family Law 165-­‐221 Lisa M. Kelly, “Bringing International Human Rights Law Home: An Evaluation of Canada's Family Law Treatment of Polygamy”, (2007) 65 U.T. Fac. L. Rev 1 Meg Barker and Darren Langdridge, “Whatever happened to non-­‐monogamies?: Critical reflections on recent research and theory”, Sexualities (December 2010), 13 (6): 748-­‐772 Augustine Nwoye, “The Practice of Interventive Polygamy in Two Regions of Africa: Background, Theory and Techniques”, Dialectical Anthropology, (December 2007), 31 (4): 383-­‐421 Angela Campbell, “Bountiful Voices”, (2009) 47 Osgoode Hall L.J. 183-­‐234

Torture Criminal Code section 269.1, “Torture” Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 10 * Mark Danner, ed., TORTURE AND TRUTH: AMERICA, ABU GHRAIB, AND THE WAR ON TERROR, (New York Review Books, 2004):

• ch. 1, “Torture and Truth”: 1-­‐9 • ch. 2, “The Logic of Torture”: 10-­‐25

Karen J. Greenberg, ed., THE TORTURE DEBATE IN AMERICA, (New York: Cambridge U.P., 2006):

• * David Luban, “Liberalism, Torture and the Ticking Bomb”: 35-­‐83 • Heather MacDonald, “How to Interrogate Terrorists”: 84-­‐97 • Joyce S. Dubensky and Rachel Lavery, “Torture: An Interreligious Debate”: 162-­‐182

Paul Lauritzen, “Torture Warrants and Democratic States: Dirty Hands in an Age of Terror”, J. of Religious Ethics, 03/2010, 38, 1

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Craig Forcese , “Touching Torture with a Ten-­‐Foot Pole: The Legality of Canada's Approach to National Security Information Sharing with Human Rights-­‐Abusing States”, (2014) 52 Osgoode Hall L.J. 263 – 302 Douglas McCready, “When Is Torture Right?”, Studies in Christian Ethics (2007) 20, 3: 383–398 Christopher J. Finlay, “Dirty hands and the romance of the ticking bomb terrorist: a Humean account”, Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, (September 2011), 14 (4): 421-­‐442 Maureen Ramsay, “Dirty hands or dirty decisions? Investigating, prosecuting and punishing those responsible for abuses of detainees in counter-­‐terrorism operations”, International Journal of Human Rights 15, 4, (May 2011): 627–643 Kai Nielsen, “On the Moral Justifiability of Terrorism (State and Otherwise)”, (2003) 41 Osgoode Hall L.J.: 427 – Guy Adams, et.al., “Abu Ghraib, Adminstrative Evil, and Moral Inversion: the Value of ‘Putting Cruelty First’”, Public Administration Review, 2006, 66, 5: 680-­‐693 Christine Koggel, ed., MORAL ISSUES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE I: MORAL AND POLITICAL THEORY, 2nd edition, (Peterborough: Broadview, 2006):

• Frank Cunningham, “Counter-­‐oppressive Terrorism”: 331-­‐340 Sanford Levinson, ed., TORTURE: A COLLECTION, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004)

Capital Punishment * Wesley Cragg and Christine Koggel, eds., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES, 5th edition, (Toronto: McGraw-­‐Hill Ryerson, 2005), ch. 3: 126-­‐180 * Satris, “Should Capital Punishment Be Abolished?”: 266-­‐281 * Michael L. Radelet and Marian J. Borg, “The Changing Nature of Death Penalty Debates”, Annual Review of Sociology (2000) 26:43–61 * James D. Unnever and Francis T. Cullen, “The Racial Divide in Support for the Death Penalty: Does White Racism Matter?”, Social Forces (2007) 85, 3: 1281-­‐1301 Elizabeth Comack, “Law and Order Issues in the Canadian Context: the Case of Capital Punishment”, in Ronald Hinch, ed., READINGS IN CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY, 1994: 480-­‐506

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M. Ethan Katsh, TAKING SIDES: CLASHING VIEWS ON CONTROVERSIAL LEGAL ISSUES, (5th edition, 1993), articles by Greenberg and van den Haag: 246-­‐261 M. B. Koosed, Ed., CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, Vol. 2 (Garland, N. Y., 1996):

• J. Goldberg and A. Dershowitz, “Declaring the Death Penalty Unconstitutional”: 1-­‐15 • Jack Greenberg, “Capital Punishment as a System”: 142-­‐152 • R. J. Tabak, “Is Racism Irrelevant in Capital Sentencing?”: 331-­‐368

Alan W. Clarke, Laurie Anne Whitt et.al., “Does the Rest of the World Matter? Sovereignty, International Human Rights Law and the American Death Penalty”, (2004), 30 Queen's L.J. 260 -­‐ 310 Lawrence Hinman, ed., CONTEMPORARY MORAL ISSUES: DIVERSITY AND CONSENSUS, (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996):

• Walter Berns, “The Morality of Anger”: 214-­‐221 (PSRC) Mark S. Latkovich, “Capital Punishment, Church Teaching, and Morality: What is Pope John Paul II Saying to Catholics in Evangelium Vitae?”, Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture (May 2002), 5 (2), pg. 76-­‐95 James Unnever, “Global support for the death penalty”, Punishment & Society (2010) 12(4) 463–484

Academic Accommodations

The Paul Menton Centre for Students with Disabilities (PMC) provides services to students with Learning Disabilities (LD), psychiatric/mental health disabilities, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), chronic medical conditions, and impairments in mobility, hearing, and vision. If you have a disability requiring academic accommodations in this course, please contact PMC at 613-­520-­6608 or pmc@carleton.ca for a formal evaluation. If you are already registered with the PMC, contact your PMC coordinator to send me your Letter of Accommodation at the beginning of the term, and no later than two weeks before the first in-­class scheduled test or exam requiring accommodation (if applicable). After requesting accommodation from PMC, meet with me to ensure accommodation arrangements are made. Please consult the PMC website for the deadline to request accommodations for the formally-­scheduled exam (if applicable). For Religious Observance: Students requesting accommodation for religious observances should apply in writing to their instructor for alternate dates and/or means of satisfying academic requirements. Such requests should be made during the first two weeks of class, or as soon as possible after the need for accommodation is known to exist, but no later than two weeks before

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the compulsory academic event. Accommodation is to be worked out directly and on an individual basis between the student and the instructor(s) involved. Instructors will make accommodations in a way that avoids academic disadvantage to the student. Instructors and students may contact an Equity Services Advisor for assistance (www.carleton.ca/equity). For Pregnancy: Pregnant students requiring academic accommodations are encouraged to contact an Equity Advisor in Equity Services to complete a letter of accommodation. Then, make an appointment to discuss your needs with the instructor at least two weeks prior to the first academic event in which it is anticipated the accommodation will be required. Plagiarism: The University Senate defines plagiarism as “presenting, whether intentional or not, the ideas, expression of ideas or work of others as one’s own.” This can include: • reproducing or paraphrasing portions of someone else’s published or unpublished material, regardless of the source, and presenting these as one’s own without proper citation or reference to the original source;; • submitting a take-­home examination, essay, laboratory report or other assignment written, in whole or in part, by someone else;; • using ideas or direct, verbatim quotations, or paraphrased material, concepts, or ideas without appropriate acknowledgment in any academic assignment;; • using another’s data or research findings;; • failing to acknowledge sources through the use of proper citations when using another’s works and/or failing to use quotation marks;; • handing in "substantially the same piece of work for academic credit more than once without prior written permission of the course instructor in which the submission occurs.

Plagiarism is a serious offence which cannot be resolved directly with the course’s instructor. The Associate Deans of the Faculty conduct a rigorous investigation, including an interview with the student, when an instructor suspects a piece of work has been plagiarized. Penalties are not trivial. They may include a mark of zero for the plagiarized work or a final grade of "F" for the course. Student or professor materials created for this course (including presentations and posted notes, labs, case studies, assignments and exams) remain the intellectual property of the author(s). They are intended for personal use and may not be reproduced or redistributed without prior written consent of the author(s). Submission and Return of Term Work: Papers must be submitted directly to the instructor according to the instructions in the course outline and will not be date-­stamped in the departmental office. Late assignments may be submitted to the drop box in the corridor outside B640 Loeb. Assignments will be retrieved every business day at 4 p.m., stamped with that day's date, and then distributed to the instructor. For essays not returned in class please attach a stamped, self-­addressed envelope if you wish to have your assignment returned by mail. Final exams are intended solely for the purpose of evaluation and will not be returned. Grading: Standing in a course is determined by the course instructor, subject to the approval of the faculty Dean. Final standing in courses will be shown by alphabetical grades. The system of grades used, with corresponding grade points is:

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Percentage Letter grade 12-­point scale Percentage Letter grade 12-­point scale

90-­100 A+ 12 67-­69 C+ 6

85-­89 A 11 63-­66 C 5

80-­84 A-­ 10 60-­62 C-­ 4

77-­79 B+ 9 57-­59 D+ 3

73-­76 B 8 53-­56 D 2

70-­72 B-­ 7 50-­52 D-­ 1

Approval of final grades: Standing in a course is determined by the course instructor subject to the approval of the Faculty Dean. This means that grades submitted by an instructor may be subject to revision. No grades are final until they have been approved by the Dean. Carleton E-­mail Accounts: All email communication to students from the Department of Political Science will be via official Carleton university e-­mail accounts and/or cuLearn. As important course and University information is distributed this way, it is the student’s responsibility to monitor their Carleton and cuLearn accounts. Carleton Political Science Society: The Carleton Political Science Society (CPSS) has made its mission to provide a social environment for politically inclined students and faculty. Holding social events, debates, and panel discussions, CPSS aims to involve all political science students at Carleton University. Our mandate is to arrange social and academic activities in order to instill a sense of belonging within the Department and the larger University community. Members can benefit through numerous opportunities which will complement both academic and social life at Carleton University. To find out more, visit https://www.facebook.com/groups/politicalsciencesociety/ or come to our office in Loeb D688. Official Course Outline: The course outline posted to the Political Science website is the official course outline.