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. 4 . Ian G. Barbour, Religion in an Age of Science, (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1990); When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners?, (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2000).

5) 2 , (Fides et Ratio) (1998. 9. 14), , AAS 91(1999), 15-88.

6) : , , , q.32, a1.7) : Alister E. McGrath, The Science of God: An Introduction to Scientific Theology, (London:

T&T Clark International, 2004), 194-207.8) 1990 ‘

(critical realism)’ . ‘ ’. : McGrath, The Science of

God, 125-152 ; John Polkinghorne, Belief in God in an Age of Science, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 101-124.

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. : D. Greenberger - K. Hentschel - F. Weinert, ed., Compendium of Quantum Physics: Concepts, Experiments, History and Philosophy, (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009), 125-131; Niels Bohr, Niels Bohr Collected Works, Vol.3: The Correspondence Principle(19181923), ed., J.R. Nielsen, (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1976).

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Since through the grandeur and beauty of the creatures we may, by analogy, contemplate their Author.12)(Wisdom 13:5)

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10) Novum Testamentum Graece: Nestle-Aland 27th Edition, (Stuttgart: Deuche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993) .

11) . , ( : , 2006) .

12) New Jerusalem Bible, (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1985) . 13) : McGrath, The Science of God, 200-201.14) : Ibid., 202-203.15) , , observation, measurement

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16) : Greenberge-Hentschel-Weinert, ed., Compendium of Quantum Physics, 281-283.17) : John Polkinghorne, The Faith of a Physicist: Reflections of a Bottom-Up Thinker,

(Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996).18) ‘ ’ .

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19) : Max Jammer, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), 1-88.

20) : Greenberger - Hentschel - Weinert, ed., Compendium of Quantum Physics, 830-840; Malcolm S. Longair, Quantum Concepts in Physics: An Alternative Approach to the Understanding of Quantum Mechanics, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 172-185; Alastair I.M. Rae, Quantum Physics: Illusion or Reality?, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 20042), 1-18, 58-66; G. Greenstein - A.G. Zajonc, The Quantum Challenge: Modern Research on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, (Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1997), 1-42, 157-179.

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21) : Max Jammer, The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: The Interpretations of QM in Historical Perspective, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974), 85-251; Longair, Quantum Concepts in Physics, 363-364. : Niels Bohr, “The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory”, Nature, 121(1928), 580-590; “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?”, Physical Review, 48(1935), 696-702.

22) : Greenberger - Hentschel - Weinert, ed., Compendium of Quantum Physics, 374-379; J.A. Wheeler - W.H. Zurek, ed., Quantum Theory and Measurement, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983); O. Alter - Y. Yamamoto, Quantum Measurement of a Single System, (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001); K. Jacobs, Quantum Measurement Theory and Its Applications, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).

23) : Paul A.M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

( (Schrodinger’s wave equation) ) .

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19584), 1-22; Andrew Whitaker, The New Quantum Age: From Bell’s Theorem to Quantum Computation and Teleportation, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 27-40.

24) : Jim Baggott, Beyond Measure: Modern Physics, Philosophy, and the Meaning of Quantum Theory, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 75-93; Franck Laloë, Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics?, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 168-194; Asher Peres, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods, (New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002), 373-429.

25) , , , ( : , 2007), 177.

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26) R. Feynman - R.B. Leighton - M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. III, (Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1965), Chapter.1, 4-8.

: http://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_01.html( : 2017. 2. 6).

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27) DH 301-302.

(Waves, Particles and Paradoxes)”28) 5 ‘ (Complementary Models in Theology)’

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28) William H. Austin, “Waves, Particles and Paradoxes”, Rice University Studies, 53(1967), 1-103.29) Ibid., 85-86.30) : Ibid., 89-92.31) Ibid., 89.32) : Niels Bohr, Niels Bohr Collected Works, Vol. 10: The Complementarity Beyond

Physics(1928 1962), ed., D. Favrholdt, (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1999), 279.33) : Austin, “Waves, Particles and Paradoxes”, 93-96.34) Ibid., 93.

1976 (Christopher B. Kaiser) “(Christology and Complementarity)”35) ‘ -

’ . -11

. : (unity of being), (common properties), (individual completeness),

(coexhaustiveness), (equal necessity), (reciprocity), (interchange of attributes and coinherence), (mutual exclusiveness), (conjugate properties), (asymmetry and emergence),

(pointing).36) .

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35) Christopher B. Kaiser, “Christology and Complementarity”, Religious Studies, 12(1976), 37-48.36) : Ibid., 43-47.37) : Ibid., 47-48.38) Ibid., 47.39) : John Polkinghorne, The Faith of a Physicist, 124-145; Quantum Physics and Theology: An

Unexpected Kinship, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 73-93; One World: the

: (Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Kinship) .

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Interaction of Science and Theology, (Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2007), 98-101; Theology in the Context of Science, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 19-47.

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42) : Francis Schüssler Fiorenza - John P. Galvin, ed., Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives, (Mineapolis: Fortress Press, 20112), 270; Gerald O’Collins S.J., Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 20092), 196.

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9,29).”45) , , 176-177.46) Ian G. Barbour, Myths, Models and Paradigms: the Nature of Scientific and Religious Language,

(New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1974), 151 , “ (the same logical level)”

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, : , 2006.2 , (2000. 5. 25), http://w2.vatican.va/conte

nt/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/2000/apr-jun/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20000525_jubilee-science.html( : 2017. 2. 15).

2 , (Fides et Ratio) (1998. 9. 14), AAS 91(1999), 15-88.

: , · 44 , , : , 2017(=DH).

New Jerusalem Bible, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1985.Novum Testamentum Graece: Nestle-Aland 27th Edition, Stuttgart: Deuche

Bibelgesellschaft, 1993.

[ ]

, (Dawkins, Richard), , , : , 2007., (Ratzinger, Joseph), , , :

, 2007.(Thomas Aquinas), 4 , , : , 1996.

Alter, O. - Yamamoto, Y., Quantum Measurement of a Single System, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.

Austin, William H., “Waves, Particles and Paradoxes”, Rice University Studies, 53(1967), 1-103.

Baggott, Jim, Beyond Measure: Modern Physics, Philosophy, and the Meaning of Quantum Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Barbour, Ian G., Myths, Models and Paradigms: the Nature of Scientific and Religious Language, New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1974.

, Religion in an Age of Science, New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1990.

, When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners?, New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2000.

Bohr, Niels, “The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory”, Nature, 121(1928), 580-590.

, “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?”, Physical Review, 48(1935), 696-702.

, Niels Bohr Collected Works, Vol. 3: The Correspondence Principle(19181923), ed., J.R. Nielsen, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1976.

, Niels Bohr Collected Works, Vol. 10: The Complementarity Beyond Physics (1928 1962), ed., D. Favrholdt, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1999.

Dirac, Paul A.M., The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19584.

Feynman, R. - Leighton, R.B. - Sands, M., The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. III, Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1965; http://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_toc.html.

Fiorenza, Francis Schüssler - Galvin, John P., ed., Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives, Mineapolis: Fortress Press, 20112.

Greenberger, D. - Hentschel, K. - Weinert, F., ed., Compendium of Quantum Physics: Concepts, Experiments, History and Philosophy, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009.

Greenstein, G. - Zajonc, G. A., The Quantum Challenge: Modern Research on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1997.

Jacobs, K., Quantum Measurement Theory and Its Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Jammer, Max, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966.

, The Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: The Interpretations of QM in Historical Perspective, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974.

Kaiser, Christopher B., “Christology and Complementarity”, Religious Studies, 12(1976).

Laloë, Franck, Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Longair, Malcolm S., Quantum Concepts in Physics: An Alternative Approach to the Understanding of Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

McGrath, Alister E., The Science of God: An Introduction to Scientific Theology, London: T&T Clark International, 2004.

O’Collins, Gerald, S.J., Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 20092.

Peres, Asher, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods, New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

Polkinghorne, John, The Faith of a Physicist: Reflections of a Bottom-Up Thinker, Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996.

, Belief in God in an Age of Science, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

, One World: the Interaction of Science and Theology, Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2007.

, Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Kinship, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

, Theology in the Context of Science, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

Rae, Alastair I. M., Quantum Physics: Illusion or Reality? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 20042.

Sorell, Tom, Scientism: Philosophy and the Infatuation with Science, London: Routledge, 1991.

Wheeler, J. A. - W. H. Zurek, ed., Quantum Theory and Measurement, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Whitaker, Andrew, The New Quantum Age: From Bell’s Theorem to Quantum Computation and Teleportation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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In recent times, there have been some conflicts between science and religion with the proliferation of the scientism espoused by materialistic scientists. Highlighting the inherent limitations of scientism, this paper argues convincingly that the dialogue between science and religion is worth an attempt and is feasible. With three basic premises as a cornerstone of this attempt, at least partially by analogy, some directly unidentifiable parts of God’s characteristics will be analyzed by observing the directly perceivable properties of His creatures.

Using two necessary concepts of quantum physics together, i.e., both the complementarity principle and the problem of measurement, the representative dogma of Christianity encapsulated in the Chalcedonian definition of Christology will be explained by analogy for the first time in the present work. As a result of this attempt, just as wave and particle properties of any physical objects are complementary, the divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ can also be understood as complementary. If we understand the complementarity of the human and divine natures of Christ and accept the limitations of manmade measurements, the Chalcedonian definition can be explained possibly by the language of quantum physics by using analogy. The present work, therefore, insists on the possibility of the re-analysis of God’s characteristics by using scientific concepts and language and also shows the possibility of constructive dialogue between science and religion.

Abstract

Key Words: Dialogues between Science and Religion, Quantum Physics, the Chalcedonian Definition, the Complementarity Principle, the Measurement Problem